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Ricardi MM, Wallmeroth N, Cermesoni C, Mehlhorn DG, Richter S, Zhang L, Mittendorf J, Godehardt I, Berendzen KW, von Roepenack-Lahaye E, Stierhof YD, Lipka V, Jürgens G, Grefen C. A tyrosine phospho-switch within the Longin domain of VAMP721 modulates SNARE functionality. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1633-1651. [PMID: 37659090 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The final step in secretion is membrane fusion facilitated by SNARE proteins that reside in opposite membranes. The formation of a trans-SNARE complex between one R and three Q coiled-coiled SNARE domains drives the final approach of the membranes providing the mechanical energy for fusion. Biological control of this mechanism is exerted by additional domains within some SNAREs. For example, the N-terminal Longin domain (LD) of R-SNAREs (also called Vesicle-associated membrane proteins, VAMPs) can fold back onto the SNARE domain blocking interaction with other cognate SNAREs. The LD may also determine the subcellular localization via interaction with other trafficking-related proteins. Here, we provide cell-biological and genetic evidence that phosphorylation of the Tyrosine57 residue regulates the functionality of VAMP721. We found that an aspartate mutation mimics phosphorylation, leading to protein instability and subsequent degradation in lytic vacuoles. The mutant SNARE also fails to rescue the defects of vamp721vamp722 loss-of-function lines in spite of its wildtype-like localization within the secretory pathway and the ability to interact with cognate SNARE partners. Most importantly, it imposes a dominant negative phenotype interfering with root growth, normal secretion and cytokinesis in wildtype plants generating large aggregates that mainly contain secretory vesicles. Non-phosphorylatable VAMP721Y57F needs higher gene dosage to rescue double mutants in comparison to native VAMP721 underpinning that phosphorylation modulates SNARE function. We propose a model where short-lived phosphorylation of Y57 serves as a regulatory step to control VAMP721 activity, favoring its open state and interaction with cognate partners to ultimately drive membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martiniano Maria Ricardi
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Niklas Wallmeroth
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cecilia Cermesoni
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular (FBMC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Sandra Richter
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Central Facilities, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Josephine Mittendorf
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingeborg Godehardt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Volker Lipka
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute of Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Jürgens
- University of Tübingen, ZMBP Developmental Genetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Grefen
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Sánchez-Simarro J, Aniento F, Marcote MJ. The presence of β'1-COP and β'2-COP is required for female and male gametophyte development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:343-347. [PMID: 37266760 PMCID: PMC10570158 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coat protein I (COPI) and Coat protein II (COPII) coated vesicles mediate protein transport in the early secretory pathway. Although several components of COPII vesicles have been shown to have an essential role in Arabidopsis gametogenesis, the function of COPI components in gametogenesis has not been studied in detail. COPI consists of a heptameric complex made of α, β, β', γ, δ, ɛ, and ζ-COP subunits and most subunits have several isoforms in Arabidopsis. We have found that two isoforms of the β'-COP subunit, β'1-COP and β'2-COP, are required for female and male gametophyte development. Reciprocal crosses between wild type plants and plants heterozygous for T-DNA insertions in β'1-COP and β'2-COP showed that β'1β'2-cop gametophytes are not transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Sánchez-Simarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Fernando Aniento
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Jesús Marcote
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Wang M, Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhou J, Qin G, Liu Y, Kou X, Zhao Z, Wu T, Zhu JK, Feng X, Li L. SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 regulates root meristem activity and stem cell niche maintenance via ROS signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1365-1382. [PMID: 36427205 PMCID: PMC9922426 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Root growth and development depend on continuous cell division and differentiation in root tips. In these processes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role as signaling molecules. However, few ROS signaling regulators have been identified. In this study, we found knockdown of a syntaxin gene, SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS81 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSYP81) resulted in a severe reduction in root meristem activity and disruption of root stem cell niche (SCN) identity. Subsequently, we found AtSYP81 was highly expressed in roots and localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Interestingly, the reduced expression of AtSYP81 conferred a decreased number of peroxisomes in root meristem cells, raising a possibility that AtSYP81 regulates root development through peroxisome-mediated ROS production. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that class III peroxidases, which are responsible for intracellular ROS homeostasis, showed significantly changed expression in the atsyp81 mutants and AtSYP81 overexpression lines, adding evidence of the regulatory role of AtSYP81 in ROS signaling. Accordingly, rescuing the decreased ROS level via applying ROS donors effectively restored the defects in root meristem activity and SCN identity in the atsyp81 mutants. APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factors PLETHORA1 and 2 (PLT1 and PLT2) were then established as the downstream effectors in this pathway, while potential crosstalk between ROS signaling and auxin signaling was also indicated. Taken together, our findings suggest that AtSYP81 regulates root meristem activity and maintains root SCN identity by controlling peroxisome- and peroxidase-mediated ROS homeostasis, thus both broadening and deepening our understanding of the biological roles of SNARE proteins and ROS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoyue Kou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Center for Advanced Bioindustry Technologies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Shi Y, Luo C, Xiang Y, Qian D. Rab GTPases, tethers, and SNAREs work together to regulate Arabidopsis cell plate formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1120841. [PMID: 36844074 PMCID: PMC9950755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell plates are transient structures formed by the fusion of vesicles at the center of the dividing plane; furthermore, these are precursors to new cell walls and are essential for cytokinesis. Cell plate formation requires a highly coordinated process of cytoskeletal rearrangement, vesicle accumulation and fusion, and membrane maturation. Tethering factors have been shown to interact with the Ras superfamily of small GTP binding proteins (Rab GTPases) and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), which are essential for cell plate formation during cytokinesis and are fundamental for maintaining normal plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, members of the Rab GTPases, tethers, and SNAREs are localized in cell plates, and mutations in the genes encoding these proteins result in typical cytokinesis-defective phenotypes, such as the formation of abnormal cell plates, multinucleated cells, and incomplete cell walls. This review highlights recent findings on vesicle trafficking during cell plate formation mediated by Rab GTPases, tethers, and SNAREs.
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SNARE Protein AoSec22 Orchestrates Mycelial Growth, Vacuole Assembly, Trap Formation, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010075. [PMID: 36675896 PMCID: PMC9863257 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) facilitate intracellular vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion in eukaryotes and play a vital role in fungal growth, development, and pathogenicity. However, the functions of SNAREs are still largely unknown in nematode-trapping fungi. Arthrobotrys oligospora is a representative species of nematode-trapping fungi that can produce adhesive networks (traps) for nematode predation. In this study, we characterized AoSec22 in A. oligospora, a homolog of the yeast SNARE protein Sec22. Deletion of Aosec22 resulted in remarkable reductions in mycelial growth, the number of nuclei, conidia yield, and trap formation, especially for traps that failed to develop mature three-dimensional networks. Further, absence of Aosec22 impaired fatty acid utilization, autophagy, and stress tolerance; in addition, the vacuoles became small and fragmented in the hyphal cells of the ∆Aosec22 mutant, and large vacuoles failed to form. The reduced sporulation capacity correlated with the transcriptional repression of several sporulation-related genes, and the impaired accumulation of lipid droplets is in line with the transcriptional repression of several genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Moreover, absence of Aosec22 remarkably impaired secondary metabolism, resulting in 4717 and 1230 compounds upregulated and downregulated in the ∆Aosec22 mutant, respectively. Collectively, our data highlighted that the SNARE protein AoSec22 plays a pleiotropic role in mycelial growth and development, vacuole assembly, lipid metabolism, stress response, and secondary metabolism; in particular, it is required for the proper development of traps in A. oligospora.
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Rui Q, Tan X, Liu F, Bao Y. An Update on the Key Factors Required for Plant Golgi Structure Maintenance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:933283. [PMID: 35837464 PMCID: PMC9274083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.933283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant Golgi apparatus serves as the central station of the secretory pathway and is the site where protein modification and cell wall matrix polysaccharides synthesis occur. The polarized and stacked cisternal structure is a prerequisite for Golgi function. Our understanding of Golgi structure maintenance and trafficking are largely obtained from mammals and yeast, yet, plant Golgi has many different aspects. In this review, we summarize the key players in Golgi maintenance demonstrated by genetic studies in plants, which function in ER-Golgi, intra-Golgi and post-Golgi transport pathways. Among these, we emphasize on players in intra-Golgi trafficking.
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Luo C, Shi Y, Xiang Y. SNAREs Regulate Vesicle Trafficking During Root Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853251. [PMID: 35360325 PMCID: PMC8964185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins assemble to drive the final membrane fusion step of membrane trafficking. Thus, SNAREs are essential for membrane fusion and vesicular trafficking, which are fundamental mechanisms for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In plants, SNAREs have been demonstrated to be located in different subcellular compartments and involved in a variety of fundamental processes, such as cytokinesis, cytoskeleton organization, symbiosis, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In addition, SNAREs can also contribute to the normal growth and development of Arabidopsis. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the biological functions and signaling network of SNAREs in vesicle trafficking and the regulation of root growth and development in Arabidopsis.
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Rui Q, Tan X, Liu F, Li Y, Liu X, Li B, Wang J, Yang H, Qiao L, Li T, Fang S, Gao R, Wang W, Bednarek SY, Bao Y. Syntaxin of plants31 (SYP31) and SYP32 is essential for Golgi morphology maintenance and pollen development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:330-343. [PMID: 33576796 PMCID: PMC8154079 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a key process for the sexual reproduction of angiosperms. The Golgi plays a critical role in pollen development via the synthesis and transport of cell wall materials. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Golgi integrity in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, syntaxin of plants (SYP) 3 family proteins SYP31 and SYP32 are the only two Golgi-localized Qa-soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) with unknown endogenous functions. Here, we demonstrate the roles of SYP31 and SYP32 in modulating Golgi morphology and pollen development. Two independent lines of syp31/+ syp32/+ double mutants were male gametophytic lethal; the zero transmission rate of syp31 syp32 mutations was restored to largely normal levels by pSYP32:SYP32 but not pSYP32:SYP31 transgenes, indicating their functional differences in pollen development. The initial arrest of syp31 syp32 pollen occurred during the transition from the microspore to the bicellular stage, where cell plate formation in pollen mitosis I (PMI) and deposition of intine were abnormal. In syp31 syp32 pollen, the number and length of Golgi cisterna were significantly reduced, accompanied by many surrounding vesicles, which could be largely attributed to defects in anterograde and retrograde trafficking routes. SYP31 and SYP32 directly interacted with COG3, a subunit of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex and were responsible for its Golgi localization, providing an underlying mechanism for SYP31/32 function in intra-Golgi trafficking. We propose that SYP31 and SYP32 play partially redundant roles in pollen development by modulating protein trafficking and Golgi structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Rui
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Y Bednarek
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yiqun Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Liu F, Li JP, Li LS, Liu Q, Li SW, Song ML, Li S, Zhang Y. The canonical α-SNAP is essential for gametophytic development in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009505. [PMID: 33886546 PMCID: PMC8096068 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of male and female gametophytes is a pre-requisite for successful reproduction of angiosperms. Factors mediating vesicular trafficking are among the key regulators controlling gametophytic development. Fusion between vesicles and target membranes requires the assembly of a fusogenic soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) complex, whose disassembly in turn ensures the recycle of individual SNARE components. The disassembly of post-fusion SNARE complexes is controlled by the AAA+ ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (Sec18/NSF) and soluble NSF attachment protein (Sec17/α-SNAP) in yeast and metazoans. Although non-canonical α-SNAPs have been functionally characterized in soybeans, the biological function of canonical α-SNAPs has yet to be demonstrated in plants. We report here that the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis is essential for male and female gametophytic development. Functional loss of the canonical α-SNAP in Arabidopsis results in gametophytic lethality by arresting the first mitosis during gametogenesis. We further show that Arabidopsis α-SNAP encodes two isoforms due to alternative splicing. Both isoforms interact with the Arabidopsis homolog of NSF whereas have distinct subcellular localizations. The presence of similar alternative splicing of human α-SNAP indicates that functional distinction of two α-SNAP isoforms is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji-Peng Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shan-Wei Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming-Lei Song
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- * E-mail: (SL); (YZ)
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Tripathy MK, Deswal R, Sopory SK. Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:26-40. [PMID: 34045922 PMCID: PMC8142350 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210114102743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB6, RAB7, RAB8, RAB11 and RAB18. Recent studies on different species suggest that RAB proteins play crucial roles in intracellular trafficking and cytokinesis, in autophagy, plant microbe interactions and in biotic and abiotic stress responses. This review recaptures and summarizes the roles of RABs in plant cell functions and in enhancing plant survival under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas K Tripathy
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Renu Deswal
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sudhir K Sopory
- 1International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; 2Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Karampini E, Bürgisser PE, Olins J, Mulder AA, Jost CR, Geerts D, Voorberg J, Bierings R. Sec22b determines Weibel-Palade body length by controlling anterograde ER-Golgi transport. Haematologica 2021; 106:1138-1147. [PMID: 32336681 PMCID: PMC8018124 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.242727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric hemostatic protein that is synthesized in endothelial cells, where it is stored for secretion in elongated secretory organelles called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPB). The hemostatic activity of VWF is strongly related to the length of these bodies, but how endothelial cells control the dimensions of their WPB is unclear. In this study, using a targeted short hairpin RNA screen, we identified longin-SNARE Sec22b as a novel determinant of WPB size and VWF trafficking. We found that Sec22b depletion resulted in loss of the typically elongated WPB morphology together with disintegration of the Golgi and dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. This was accompanied by reduced proteolytic processing of VWF, accumulation of VWF in the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and reduced basal and stimulated VWF secretion. Our data demonstrate that the elongation of WPB, and thus adhesive activity of their cargo VWF, is determined by the rate of anterograde transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, which depends on Sec22b-containing SNARE complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Karampini
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Dept. of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Olins
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Aat A Mulder
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina R Jost
- Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Geerts
- Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Voorberg
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bierings
- Dept. of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Ma T, Li E, Li LS, Li S, Zhang Y. The Arabidopsis R-SNARE protein YKT61 is essential for gametophyte development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:676-694. [PMID: 32918784 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gametophyte development is a pre-requisite for plant reproduction and seed yield; therefore, studies of gametophyte development help us understand fundamental biological questions and have potential applications in agriculture. The biogenesis and dynamics of endomembrane compartments are critical for cell survival, and their regulatory mechanisms are just beginning to be revealed. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein YKT61 is essential for both male and female gametogenesis. By using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genome editing, we demonstrated that male and female gametophytes carrying YKT61 loss-of-function alleles do not survive. Specifically, loss of YKT61 function resulted in the arrest of male gametophytic development at pollen mitosis I and the degeneration of female gametophytes. A three-base-pair deletion in YKT61 in the ykt61-3 mutant resulted in a single-amino acid deletion in the longin domain of YKT61; the resulting mutant protein does not interact with multiple SNAREs and showed substantially reduced membrane association, suggesting that the N-terminal longin domain of YKT61 plays multiple roles in its function. This study demonstrates that Arabidopsis YKT61 is essential for male and female gametogenesis and sets an example for functional characterization of essential genes with the combination of Cas9-mediated editing and expression from a Cas9-resistant transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ma
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - En Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Guan L, Yang S, Li S, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Qin G, Wang H, Wu T, Wang Z, Feng X, Wu Y, Zhu JK, Li X, Li L. AtSEC22 Regulates Cell Morphogenesis via Affecting Cytoskeleton Organization and Stabilities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635732. [PMID: 34149743 PMCID: PMC8211912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant cytoskeleton forms a stereoscopic network that regulates cell morphogenesis. The cytoskeleton also provides tracks for trafficking of vesicles to the target membrane. Fusion of vesicles with the target membrane is promoted by SNARE proteins, etc. The vesicle-SNARE, Sec22, regulates membrane trafficking between the ER and Golgi in yeast and mammals. Arabidopsis AtSEC22 might also regulate early secretion and is essential for gametophyte development. However, the role of AtSEC22 in plant development is unclear. To clarify the role of AtSEC22 in the regulation of plant development, we isolated an AtSEC22 knock-down mutant, atsec22-4, and found that cell morphogenesis and development were seriously disturbed. atsec22-4 exhibited shorter primary roots (PRs), dwarf plants, and partial abortion. More interestingly, the atsec22-4 mutant had less trichomes with altered morphology, irregular stomata, and pavement cells, suggesting that cell morphogenesis was perturbed. Further analyses revealed that in atsec22-4, vesicle trafficking was blocked, resulting in the trapping of proteins in the ER and collapse of structures of the ER and Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, AtSEC22 defects resulted in impaired organization and stability of the cytoskeleton in atsec22-4. Our findings revealed essential roles of AtSEC22 in membrane trafficking and cytoskeleton dynamics during plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Shurui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Guochen Qin
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Lixin Li,
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Li HJ, Yang WC. Central Cell in Flowering Plants: Specification, Signaling, and Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:590307. [PMID: 33193544 PMCID: PMC7609669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.590307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the reproduction of animals and lower plants, one sperm cell usually outcompetes the rivals to fertilize a single egg cell. But in flowering plants, two sperm cells fertilize the two adjacent dimorphic female gametes, the egg and central cell, respectively, to initiate the embryo and endosperm within a seed. The endosperm nourishes the embryo development and is also the major source of nutrition in cereals for humankind. Central cell as one of the key innovations of flowering plants is the biggest cell in the multicellular haploid female gametophyte (embryo sac). The embryo sac differentiates from the meiotic products through successive events of nuclear divisions, cellularization, and cell specification. Nowadays, accumulating lines of evidence are raveling multiple roles of the central cell rather than only the endosperm precursor. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on its cell fate specification, intercellular communication, and evolution. We also highlight some key unsolved questions for the further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Gu X, Brennan A, Wei W, Guo G, Lindsey K. Vesicle Transport in Plants: A Revised Phylogeny of SNARE Proteins. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320956575. [PMID: 33116351 PMCID: PMC7573729 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320956575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication systems within and between plant cells involve the transfer of ions and molecules between compartments, and are essential for development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This in turn requires the regulated movement and fusion of membrane systems with their associated cargo. Recent advances in genomics has provided new resources with which to investigate the evolutionary relationships between membrane proteins across plant species. Members of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are known to play important roles in vesicle trafficking across plant, animal and microbial species. Using recent public expression and transcriptomic data from 9 representative green plants, we investigated the evolution of the SNARE classes and linked protein changes to functional specialization (expression patterns). We identified an additional 3 putative SNARE genes in the model plant Arabidopsis. We found that all SNARE classes have expanded in number to a greater or lesser degree alongside the evolution of multicellularity, and that within-species expansions are also common. These gene expansions appear to be associated with the accumulation of amino acid changes and with sub-functionalization of SNARE family members to different tissues. These results provide an insight into SNARE protein evolution and functional specialization. The work provides a platform for hypothesis-building and future research into the precise functions of these proteins in plant development and responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Adrian Brennan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Guangqin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
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MARTINIÈRE A, MOREAU P. Complex roles of Rabs and SNAREs in the secretory pathway and plant development: a never‐ending story. J Microsc 2020; 280:140-157. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. MARTINIÈRE
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro BPMP Montpellier France
| | - P. MOREAU
- UMR 5200 Membrane Biogenesis Laboratory CNRS and University of Bordeaux, INRAE Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon France
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17
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Endosidin 2 accelerates PIN2 endocytosis and disturbs intracellular trafficking of PIN2, PIN3, and PIN4 but not of SYT1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237448. [PMID: 32790800 PMCID: PMC7425933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We established that Endosidin2 (ES2) affected the trafficking routes of both newly synthesized and endocytic pools of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) in Arabidopsis root epidermal cells. PIN2 populations accumulated in separated patches, which gradually merged into large and compact ES2 aggregates (ES2As). FM4-64 endocytic tracer labeled ES2As as well. Both PIN2 pools also appeared in vacuoles. Accelerated endocytosis of PIN2, its aggregation in the cytoplasm, and redirection of PIN2 flows to vacuoles led to a substantial reduction of the abundance of this protein in the plasma membrane. Whereas PIN-FORMED3 and PIN-FORMED4 also aggregated in the cytoplasm, SYT1 was not sensitive to ES2 treatment and did not appear either in the cytoplasmic aggregates or vacuoles. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that ES2 affects the Golgi apparatus so that stacks acquired cup-shape and even circular shape surrounded by several vesicles. Abnormally shaped Golgi stacks, stack remnants, multi-lamellar structures, separated Golgi cisterna rings, tubular structures, and vesicles formed discrete clusters.
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Ma X, Zhang X, Traore SM, Xin Z, Ning L, Li K, Zhao K, Li Z, He G, Yin D. Genome-wide identification and analysis of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during seed development in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:192. [PMID: 32375650 PMCID: PMC7203998 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02405-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have several known functions involving various biological regulatory processes in plant. However, the possible roles of lncRNAs during peanut seed development have not been fully explored. RESULTS In this study, two peanut recombinant inbred lines (RIL8) that differ in seed size were used to investigate comprehensive lncRNA profiles derived from the seed development at 15 and 35 days after flowering (DAF). We identified a total of 9388 known and 4037 novel lncRNAs, from which 1437 were differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, the expression patterns of a number of lncRNAs can be very different between two closely related inbred lines and these lncRNAs were expressed predominantly in only one RIL at 35 DAF. Some differentially expressed lncRNAs were found related to putative cis-acting target genes and predicted to be involved in transcription, transport, cell division, and plant hormone biosynthesis. The expression patterns of several representative lncRNAs and 12 protein-coding genes were validated by qPCR. Same expression pattern was observed between most lncRNAs and their target genes. 11 lncRNAs, XR_001593099.1, MSTRG.18462.1, MSTRG.34915.1, MSTRG.41848.1, MSTRG.22884.1, MSTRG.12404.1, MSTRG.26719.1, MSTRG.35761.1, MSTRG.20033.1, MSTRG.13500.1, and MSTRG.9304.1 and their cis-acting target genes may play key roles in peanut seed development. CONCLUSIONS These results provided new information on lncRNA-mediated regulatory roles in peanut seed development, contributing to the comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in peanut seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Ma
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sy Mamadou Traore
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, 36088, AL, USA
| | - Zeyu Xin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Longlong Ning
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhongfeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guohao He
- College of Agriculture, Environment and Nutrition Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, 36088, AL, USA
| | - Dongmei Yin
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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19
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R-SNARE FgSec22 is essential for growth, pathogenicity and DON production of Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 66:421-435. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Adnan M, Islam W, Zhang J, Zheng W, Lu GD. Diverse Role of SNARE Protein Sec22 in Vesicle Trafficking, Membrane Fusion, and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:E337. [PMID: 30974782 PMCID: PMC6523435 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis begins at free ribosomes or ribosomes attached with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Newly synthesized proteins are transported to the plasma membrane for secretion through conventional or unconventional pathways. In conventional protein secretion, proteins are transported from the ER lumen to Golgi lumen and through various other compartments to be secreted at the plasma membrane, while unconventional protein secretion bypasses the Golgi apparatus. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins are involved in cargo vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion. The ER localized vesicle associated SNARE (v-SNARE) protein Sec22 plays a major role during anterograde and retrograde transport by promoting efficient membrane fusion and assisting in the assembly of higher order complexes by homodimer formation. Sec22 is not only confined to ER-Golgi intermediate compartments (ERGIC) but also facilitates formation of contact sites between ER and plasma membranes. Sec22 mutation is responsible for the development of atherosclerosis and symptoms in the brain in Alzheimer's disease and aging in humans. In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Sec22 is essential for photoreceptor morphogenesis, the wingless signaling pathway, and normal ER, Golgi, and endosome morphology. In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, it is involved in development, and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, it is in involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. In filamentous fungi, it affects cell wall integrity, growth, reproduction, pathogenicity, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of extracellular enzymes, and transcriptional regulation of many development related genes. This review provides a detailed account of Sec22 function, summarizes its domain structure, discusses its genetic redundancy with Ykt6, discusses what is known about its localization to discrete membranes, its contributions in conventional and unconventional autophagy, and a variety of other roles across different cellular systems ranging from higher to lower eukaryotes, and highlights some of the surprises that have originated from research on Sec22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, and Key Laboratory of Bio-pesticides and Chemical Biology Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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21
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Erbasol Serbes I, Palovaara J, Groß-Hardt R. Development and function of the flowering plant female gametophyte. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 131:401-434. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Wang J, Tian L, Zhang DD, Short DPG, Zhou L, Song SS, Liu Y, Wang D, Kong ZQ, Cui WY, Ma XF, Klosterman SJ, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. SNARE-Encoding Genes VdSec22 and VdSso1 Mediate Protein Secretion Required for Full Virulence in Verticillium dahliae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:651-664. [PMID: 29419372 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0289-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins that mediate cellular and subcellular membrane fusion are key factors in vesicular trafficking in all eukaryotic cells, including the secretion and transport of plant pathogen virulence factors. In this study, we identified vesicle-fusion components that included 22 soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), four Sec1/Munc18 (SM) family proteins, and 10 Rab GTPases encoded in the genome of the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae Vd991. Targeted deletion of two SNARE-encoding genes in V. dahliae, VdSec22 and VdSso1, significantly reduced virulence of both mutants on cotton, relative to the wild-type Vd991 strain. Comparative analyses of the secreted protein content (exoproteome) revealed that many enzymes involved in carbohydrate hydrolysis were regulated by VdSec22 or VdSso1. Consistent with a role of these enzymes in plant cell-wall degradation, pectin, cellulose, and xylan utilization were reduced in the VdSec22 or VdSso1 mutant strains along with a loss of exoproteome cytotoxic activity on cotton leaves. Comparisons with a pathogenicity-related exoproteome revealed that several known virulence factors were not regulated by VdSec22 or VdSso1, but some of the proteins regulated by VdSec22 or VdSso1 displayed different characteristics, including the lack of a typical signal peptide, suggesting that V. dahliae employs more than one secretory route to transport proteins to extracellular sites during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Li Tian
- 3 College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China; and
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dylan P G Short
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lei Zhou
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Song
- 3 College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China; and
| | - Yan Liu
- 3 College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, China; and
| | - Dan Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei-Ye Cui
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue-Feng Ma
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- 4 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, U.S.A
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- 1 Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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23
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Zhang X, Wang G, Chen B, Du H, Zhang F, Zhang H, Wang Q, Geng S. Candidate genes for first flower node identified in pepper using combined SLAF-seq and BSA. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194071. [PMID: 29558466 PMCID: PMC5860747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
First flower node (FFN) is an important trait for evaluating fruit earliness in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), but the genetic mechanisms that control FFN are still poorly understood. In the present study, we developed 249 F2 plants derived from an intraspecific cross between the inbred pepper lines Z4 and Z5. Thirty plants with the highest FFN and 30 plants with the lowest FFN were chosen and their DNAs were pooled according to phenotype to construct two bulked DNA pools. Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) was combined with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to identify candidate regions related to FFN. According to our genetic analysis, the FFN trait is quantitatively inherited. A total of 106,848 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were obtained, and 393 high-quality SNP markers associated with FFN were detected. Ten candidate regions within an interval of 3.98 Mb on chromosome 12 harboring 23 candidate genes were identified as closely correlated with FFN. Five genes (CA12g15130, CA12g15160, CA12g15370, CA12g15360, and CA12g15390) are predicted based on their annotations to be associated with expression of the FFN trait. The present study demonstrates an efficient genetic mapping strategy and lays a good foundation for molecular marker-assisted breeding using SNP markers linked to FFN and for cloning and functional analysis of the key genes controlling FFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Heshan Du
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SG); (QW)
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SG); (QW)
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Chung KP, Zeng Y, Li Y, Ji C, Xia Y, Jiang L. Signal motif-dependent ER export of the Qc-SNARE BET12 interacts with MEMB12 and affects PR1 trafficking in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.202838. [PMID: 28546447 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.202838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are well-known for their role in controlling membrane fusion, the final, but crucial step, in vesicular transport in eukaryotes. SNARE proteins contribute to various biological processes including pathogen defense and channel activity regulation, as well as plant growth and development. Precise targeting of SNARE proteins to destined compartments is a prerequisite for their proper functioning. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for SNARE targeting in plants remains obscure. Here, we investigate the targeting mechanism of the Arabidopsis thaliana Qc-SNARE BET12, which is involved in protein trafficking in the early secretory pathway. Two distinct signal motifs that are required for efficient BET12 ER export were identified. Pulldown assays and in vivo imaging implicated that both the COPI and COPII pathways were required for BET12 targeting. Further studies using an ER-export-defective form of BET12 revealed that the Golgi-localized Qb-SNARE MEMB12, a negative regulator of pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR1; At2g14610) secretion, was its interacting partner. Ectopic expression of BET12 caused no inhibition in the general ER-Golgi anterograde transport but caused intracellular accumulation of PR1, suggesting that BET12 has a regulatory role in PR1 trafficking in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Pan Chung
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Changyang Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China .,The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Koseva B, Crawford DJ, Brown K, Mort ME, Kelly JK. The genetic breakdown of sporophytic self-incompatibility in Tolpis coronopifolia (Asteraceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1256-1267. [PMID: 28892151 PMCID: PMC5675808 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiosperm diversity has been shaped by mating system evolution, with the most common transition from outcrossing to self-fertilizing. To investigate the genetic basis of this transition, we performed crosses between two species endemic to the Canary Islands, the self-compatible (SC) species Tolpis coronopifolia and its self-incompatible (SI) relative Tolpis santosii. We scored self-compatibility as self-seed set of recombinant plants within two F2 populations. To map and genetically characterize the breakdown of SI, we built a draft genome sequence of T. coronopifolia, genotyped F2 plants using multiplexed shotgun genotyping (MSG), and located MSG markers to the genome sequence. We identified a single quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explains nearly all variation in self-seed set in both F2 populations. To identify putative causal genetic variants within the QTL, we performed transcriptome sequencing on mature floral tissue from both SI and SC species, constructed a transcriptome for each species, and then located each predicted transcript to the T. coronopifolia genome sequence. We annotated each predicted gene within the QTL and found two strong candidates for SI breakdown. Each gene has a coding sequence insertion/deletion mutation within the SC species that produces a truncated protein. Homologs of each gene have been implicated in pollen development, pollen germination, and pollen tube growth in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryana Koseva
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - Daniel J. Crawford
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - Keely Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - Mark E. Mort
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
| | - John K. Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7534, USA
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Maruyama D, Ohtsu M, Higashiyama T. Cell fusion and nuclear fusion in plants. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 60:127-135. [PMID: 27473789 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane and have a large nucleus containing the genomic DNA, which is enclosed by a nuclear envelope consisting of the outer and inner nuclear membranes. Although these membranes maintain the identity of cells, they sometimes fuse to each other, such as to produce a zygote during sexual reproduction or to give rise to other characteristically polyploid tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that the mechanisms of plasma membrane or nuclear membrane fusion in plants are shared to some extent with those of yeasts and animals, despite the unique features of plant cells including thick cell walls and intercellular connections. Here, we summarize the key factors in the fusion of these membranes during plant reproduction, and also focus on "non-gametic cell fusion," which was thought to be rare in plant tissue, in which each cell is separated by a cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan.
| | - Mina Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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Mosquera T, Alvarez MF, Jiménez-Gómez JM, Muktar MS, Paulo MJ, Steinemann S, Li J, Draffehn A, Hofmann A, Lübeck J, Strahwald J, Tacke E, Hofferbert HR, Walkemeier B, Gebhardt C. Targeted and Untargeted Approaches Unravel Novel Candidate Genes and Diagnostic SNPs for Quantitative Resistance of the Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to Phytophthora infestans Causing the Late Blight Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156254. [PMID: 27281327 PMCID: PMC4900573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans causes late blight of potato, which can completely destroy the crop. Therefore, for the past 160 years, late blight has been the most important potato disease worldwide. The identification of cultivars with high and durable field resistance to P. infestans is an objective of most potato breeding programs. This type of resistance is polygenic and therefore quantitative. Its evaluation requires multi-year and location trials. Furthermore, quantitative resistance to late blight correlates with late plant maturity, a negative agricultural trait. Knowledge of the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance to late blight not compromised by late maturity is very limited. It is however essential for developing diagnostic DNA markers that facilitate the efficient combination of superior resistance alleles in improved cultivars. We used association genetics in a population of 184 tetraploid potato cultivars in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with maturity corrected resistance (MCR) to late blight. The population was genotyped for almost 9000 SNPs from three different sources. The first source was candidate genes specifically selected for their function in the jasmonate pathway. The second source was novel candidate genes selected based on comparative transcript profiling (RNA-Seq) of groups of genotypes with contrasting levels of quantitative resistance to P. infestans. The third source was the first generation 8.3k SolCAP SNP genotyping array available in potato for genome wide association studies (GWAS). Twenty seven SNPs from all three sources showed robust association with MCR. Some of those were located in genes that are strong candidates for directly controlling quantitative resistance, based on functional annotation. Most important were: a lipoxygenase (jasmonate pathway), a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (mevalonate pathway), a P450 protein (terpene biosynthesis), a transcription factor and a homolog of a major gene for resistance to P. infestans from the wild potato species Solanum venturii. The candidate gene approach and GWAS complemented each other as they identified different genes. The results of this study provide new insight in the molecular genetic basis of quantitative resistance in potato and a toolbox of diagnostic SNP markers for breeding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mosquera
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Fernanda Alvarez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José M. Jiménez-Gómez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParis Tech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Meki Shehabu Muktar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Steinemann
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jinquan Li
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Draffehn
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Hofmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Lübeck
- SaKa-Pflanzenzucht GmbH & Co. KG, 24340, Windeby, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Walkemeier
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christiane Gebhardt
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Paul P, Röth S, Schleiff E. Importance of organellar proteins, protein translocation and vesicle transport routes for pollen development and function. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:53-65. [PMID: 26874709 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein translocation. Cellular homeostasis strongly depends on proper distribution of proteins within cells and insertion of membrane proteins into the destined membranes. The latter is mediated by organellar protein translocation and the complex vesicle transport system. Considering the importance of protein transport machineries in general it is foreseen that these processes are essential for pollen function and development. However, the information available in this context is very scarce because of the current focus on deciphering the fundamental principles of protein transport at the molecular level. Here we review the significance of protein transport machineries for pollen development on the basis of pollen-specific organellar proteins as well as of genetic studies utilizing mutants of known organellar proteins. In many cases these mutants exhibit morphological alterations highlighting the requirement of efficient protein transport and translocation in pollen. Furthermore, expression patterns of genes coding for translocon subunits and vesicle transport factors in Arabidopsis thaliana are summarized. We conclude that with the exception of the translocation systems in plastids-the composition and significance of the individual transport systems are equally important in pollen as in other cell types. Apparently for plastids only a minimal translocon, composed of only few subunits, exists in the envelope membranes during maturation of pollen. However, only one of the various transport systems known from thylakoids seems to be required for the function of the "simple thylakoid system" existing in pollen plastids. In turn, the vesicle transport system is as complex as seen for other cell types as it is essential, e.g., for pollen tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Paul
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Sascha Röth
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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Duan H, Lu X, Lian C, An Y, Xia X, Yin W. Genome-Wide Analysis of MicroRNA Responses to the Phytohormone Abscisic Acid in Populus euphratica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1184. [PMID: 27582743 PMCID: PMC4988358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a type of non-coding small RNA with a regulatory function at the posttranscriptional level in plant growth development and in response to abiotic stress. Previous studies have not reported on miRNAs responses to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) at a genome-wide level in Populus euphratica, a model tree for studying abiotic stress responses in woody plants. Here we analyzed the miRNA response to ABA at a genome-wide level in P. euphratica utilizing high-throughput sequencing. To systematically perform a genome-wide analysis of ABA-responsive miRNAs in P. euphratica, nine sRNA libraries derived from three groups (control, treated with ABA for 1 day and treated with ABA for 4 days) were constructed. Each group included three libraries from three individual plantlets as biological replicate. In total, 151 unique mature sequences belonging to 75 conserved miRNA families were identified, and 94 unique sequences were determined to be novel miRNAs, including 56 miRNAs with miRNA(*) sequences. In all, 31 conserved miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs response to ABA significantly differed among the groups. In addition, 4132 target genes were predicted for the conserved and novel miRNAs. Confirmed by real-time qPCR, expression changes of miRNAs were inversely correlated with the expression profiles of their putative targets. The Populus special or novel miRNA-target interactions were predicted might be involved in some biological process related stress tolerance. Our analysis provides a comprehensive view of how P. euphratica miRNA respond to ABA, and moreover, different temporal dynamics were observed in different ABA-treated libraries.
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Guo CL, Jauh GY. Arabidopsis Qc-SNARE genes BET11 and BET12 are required for fertility and pollen tube elongation. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 56:21. [PMID: 28510830 PMCID: PMC5430320 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BET11 and 12 are required for pollen tube elongation. Pollen tubes are rapidly growing specialized structures that elongate in a polar manner. They play a crucial role in the delivery of sperm cells through the stylar tissues of the flower and into the embryo sac, where the sperm cells are released to fuse with the egg cell and the central cell to give rise to the embryo and the endosperm. Polar growth at the pollen tube tip is believed to result from secretion of materials by membrane trafficking mechanisms. In this study, we report the functional characterization of Arabidopsis BET11 and BET12, two genes that may code for Qc-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors). Double mutants (bet11/bet12) in a homozygous/heterozygous background showed reduced transmission of the mutant alleles, reduced fertilization of seeds, defective embryo development, reduced pollen tube lengths and formation of secondary pollen tubes. Both BET11 and BET12 are required for fertility and development of pollen tubes in Arabidopsis. More experiments are required to dissect the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Experimental Station, University of Costa Rica, La Garita de Alajuela, P.O. Box 183-4050, Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Cian-Ling Guo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuh Jauh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
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Functional Analysis of Developmentally Regulated Genes chs7 and sec22 in the Ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2015; 5:1233-45. [PMID: 25873638 PMCID: PMC4478551 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.017681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During sexual development, filamentous ascomycetes form complex, three-dimensional fruiting bodies for the generation and dispersal of spores. In previous studies, we identified genes with evolutionary conserved expression patterns during fruiting body formation in several fungal species. Here, we present the functional analysis of two developmentally up-regulated genes, chs7 and sec22, in the ascomycete Sordaria macrospora. The genes encode a class VII (division III) chitin synthase and a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein, respectively. Deletion mutants of chs7 had normal vegetative growth and were fully fertile but showed sensitivity toward cell wall stress. Deletion of sec22 resulted in a reduced number of ascospores and in defects in ascospore pigmentation and germination, whereas vegetative growth was normal in the mutant. A SEC22-EGFP fusion construct under control of the native sec22 promoter and terminator regions was expressed during different stages of sexual development. Expression of several development-related genes was deregulated in the sec22 mutant, including three genes involved in melanin biosynthesis. Our data indicate that chs7 is dispensable for fruiting body formation in S. macrospora, whereas sec22 is required for ascospore maturation and germination and thus involved in late stages of sexual development.
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Zhao X, Yang H, Liu W, Duan X, Shang W, Xia D, Tong C. Sec22 regulates endoplasmic reticulum morphology but not autophagy and is required for eye development in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7943-51. [PMID: 25670863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.640920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle that plays a critical role in many cellular processes. Abnormal ER morphology is associated with some human diseases, although little is known regarding how ER morphology is regulated. Using a forward genetic screen to identify genes that regulated ER morphology in Drosophila, we identified a mutant of Sec22, the orthologs of which in yeast, plants, and humans are required for ER to Golgi trafficking. However, the physiological function of Sec22 has not been previously investigated in animal development. A loss of Sec22 resulted in ER proliferation and expansion, enlargement of late endosomes, and abnormal Golgi morphology in mutant larvae fat body cells. However, starvation-induced autophagy was not affected by a loss of Sec22. Mosaic analysis of the eye revealed that Sec22 was required for photoreceptor morphogenesis. In Sec22 mutant photoreceptor cells, the ER was highly expanded and gradually lost normal morphology with aging. The rhabdomeres in mutants were small and sometimes fused with each other. The morphology of Sec22 mutant eyes resembled the eye morphology of flies with overexpressed eyc (eyes closed). eyc encodes for a Drosophila p47 protein that is required for membrane fusion. A loss of Syntaxin5 (Syx5), encoding for a t-SNARE on Golgi, also phenocopied the Sec22 mutant. Sec22 formed complexes with Syx5 and Eyc. Thus, we propose that appropriate trafficking between the ER and Golgi is required for maintaining ER morphology and for Drosophila eye morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhao
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and
| | - Huan Yang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and
| | - Xiuying Duan
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and
| | - Weina Shang
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and
| | - Dajing Xia
- the School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Tong
- From the Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology and
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Ma X, Sukiran NL, Ma H, Su Z. Moderate drought causes dramatic floral transcriptomic reprogramming to ensure successful reproductive development in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:164. [PMID: 24928551 PMCID: PMC4067085 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is a major constraint that leads to extensive losses to agricultural yield worldwide. The potential yield is largely determined during inflorescence development. However, to date, most investigations on plant response to drought have focused on vegetative development. This study describes the morphological changes of reproductive development and the comparison of transcriptomes under various drought conditions. RESULTS The plants grown were studied under two drought conditions: minimum for successful reproduction (45-50% soil water content, moderate drought, MD) and for survival (30-35%, severe drought, SD). MD plants can produce similar number of siliques on the main stem and similar number of seeds per silique comparing with well-water plants. The situation of SD plants was much worse than MD plants. The transcriptomes of inflorescences were further investigated at molecular level using microarrays. Our results showed more than four thousands genes with differential expression under severe drought and less than two thousand changed under moderate drought condition (with 2-fold change and q-value < 0.01). We found a group of genes with increased expression as the drought became more severe, suggesting putative adaptation to the dehydration. Interestingly, we also identified genes with alteration only under the moderate but not the severe drought condition, indicating the existence of distinct sets of genes responsive to different levels of water availability. Further cis-element analyses of the putative regulatory sequences provided more information about the underlying mechanisms for reproductive responses to drought, suggesting possible novel candidate genes that protect those developing flowers under drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Different pathways may be activated in response to moderate and severe drought in reproductive tissues, potentially helping plant to maximize its yield and balance the resource consumption between vegetative and reproductive development under dehydration stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Noor Liyana Sukiran
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
- Current address: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao Su
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA
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Sebastiana M, Vieira B, Lino-Neto T, Monteiro F, Figueiredo A, Sousa L, Pais MS, Tavares R, Paulo OS. Oak root response to ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment: RNA-Seq derived transcript identification and expression profiling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98376. [PMID: 24859293 PMCID: PMC4032270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis is essential for the life and health of trees in temperate and boreal forests where it plays a major role in nutrient cycling and in functioning of the forest ecosystem. Trees with ectomycorrhizal root tips are more tolerant to environmental stresses, such as drought, and biotic stresses such as root pathogens. Detailed information on these molecular processes is essential for the understanding of symbiotic tissue development in order to optimize the benefits of this natural phenomenon. Next generation sequencing tools allow the analysis of non model ectomycorrhizal plant-fungal interactions that can contribute to find the "symbiosis toolkits" and better define the role of each partner in the mutualistic interaction. By using 454 pyrosequencing we compared ectomycorrhizal cork oak roots with non-symbiotic roots. From the two cDNA libraries sequenced, over 2 million reads were obtained that generated 19,552 cork oak root unique transcripts. A total of 2238 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed when ECM roots were compared with non-symbiotic roots. Identification of up- and down-regulated gens in ectomycorrhizal roots lead to a number of insights into the molecular mechanisms governing this important symbiosis. In cork oak roots, ectomycorrhizal colonization resulted in extensive cell wall remodelling, activation of the secretory pathway, alterations in flavonoid biosynthesis, and expression of genes involved in the recognition of fungal effectors. In addition, we identified genes with putative roles in symbiotic processes such as nutrient exchange with the fungal partner, lateral root formation or root hair decay. These findings provide a global overview of the transcriptome of an ectomycorrhizal host root, and constitute a foundation for future studies on the molecular events controlling this important symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sebastiana
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Vieira
- Center for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Lino-Neto
- Plant Functional Biology Centre, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipa Monteiro
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Figueiredo
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lisete Sousa
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, Center of Statistics and Applications from Lisbon University, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Pais
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Tavares
- Plant Functional Biology Centre, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Octávio S. Paulo
- Center for Environmental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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35
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Tanaka Y, Nishimura K, Kawamukai M, Oshima A, Nakagawa T. Redundant function of two Arabidopsis COPII components, AtSec24B and AtSec24C, is essential for male and female gametogenesis. PLANTA 2013; 238:561-75. [PMID: 23779001 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anterograde vesicle transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is the start of protein transport through the secretory pathway, in which the transport is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles. Therefore, most proteins synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum are loaded as cargo into COPII vesicles. The COPII is composed of the small GTPase Sar1 and two types of protein complexes (Sec23/24 and Sec13/31). Of these five COPII components, Sec24 is thought to recognize cargo that is incorporated into COPII vesicles by directly interacting with the cargo. The Arabidopsis genome encodes three types of Sec24 homologs (AtSec24A, AtSec24B, and AtSec24C). The subcellular dynamics and function of AtSec24A have been characterized. The intracellular distributions and functions of other AtSec24 proteins are not known, and the functional differences among the three AtSec24s remain unclear. Here, we found that all three AtSec24s were expressed in similar parts of the plant body and showed the same subcellular localization pattern. AtSec24B knockout plant, but not AtSec24C knockdown plant, showed mild male sterility with reduction of pollen germination. Significant decrease of AtSec24B and AtSec24C expression affected male and female gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results suggested that the redundant function of AtSec24B and AtSec24C is crucial for the development of plant reproductive cells. We propose that the COPII transport is involved in male and female gametogenesis in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan
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Caesium accumulation in yeast and plants is selectively repressed by loss of the SNARE Sec22p/SEC22. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2092. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Zhao P, Liu F, Zhang B, Liu X, Wang B, Gong J, Yu G, Ma M, Lu Y, Sun J, Wang Z, Jia P, Liu H. MAIGO2 is involved in abscisic acid-mediated response to abiotic stresses and Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:246-60. [PMID: 23025793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The central role of multisubunit tethering complexes in intracellular trafficking has been established in yeast and mammalian systems. However, little is known about their roles in the stress responses and the early secretory pathway in Arabidopsis. In this study, Maigo2 (MAG2), which is equivalent to the yeast Tip20p and mammalian Rad50-interacting protein, is found to be required for the responses to salt stress, osmotic stress and abscisic acid in seed germination and vegetative growth, and MAG2-like (MAG2L) is partially redundant with MAG2 in response to environmental stresses. MAG2 strongly interacts with the central region of ZW10, and both proteins are important as plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress regulators. ER morphology and vacuolar protein trafficking are unaffected in the mag2, mag2l and zw10 mutants, and the secretory marker to the apoplast is correctly transported in mag2 plants, which indicate that MAG2 functions as a complex with ZW10, and is potentially involved in Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking. Therefore, a new role for ER-Golgi membrane trafficking in abiotic-stress and ER-stress responses is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Zhao
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology, Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Satori CP, Henderson MM, Krautkramer EA, Kostal V, Distefano MM, Arriaga EA. Bioanalysis of eukaryotic organelles. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2733-811. [PMID: 23570618 PMCID: PMC3676536 DOI: 10.1021/cr300354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad P. Satori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Michelle M. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Elyse A. Krautkramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Vratislav Kostal
- Tescan, Libusina trida 21, Brno, 623 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry ASCR, Veveri 97, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic
| | - Mark M. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
| | - Edgar A. Arriaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 55455
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Ma X, Feng B, Ma H. AMS-dependent and independent regulation of anther transcriptome and comparison with those affected by other Arabidopsis anther genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22336428 DOI: 10.1186/1471-22c29-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, the development of male reproductive organs is controlled precisely to achieve successful fertilization and reproduction. Despite the increasing knowledge of genes that contribute to anther development, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of early anthers of sterile mutants aborted microspores (ams) and found that 1,368 genes were differentially expressed in ams compared to wild type anthers, affecting metabolism, transportation, ubiquitination and stress response. Moreover, the lack of significant enrichment of potential AMS binding sites (E-box) in the promoters of differentially expressed genes suggests both direct and indirect regulation for AMS-dependent regulation of anther transcriptome involving other transcription factors. Combining ams transcriptome profiles with those of two other sterile mutants, spl/nzz and ems1/exs, expression of 3,058 genes were altered in at least one mutant. Our investigation of expression patterns of major transcription factor families, such as bHLH, MYB and MADS, suggested that some closely related homologs of known anther developmental genes might also have similar functions. Additionally, comparison of expression levels of genes in different organs suggested that anther-preferential genes could play important roles in anther development. CONCLUSION Analysis of ams anther transcriptome and its comparison with those of spl/nzz and ems1/exs anthers uncovered overlapping and distinct sets of regulated genes, including those encoding transcription factors and other proteins. These results support an expanded regulatory network for early anther development, providing a series of hypotheses for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Ma X, Feng B, Ma H. AMS-dependent and independent regulation of anther transcriptome and comparison with those affected by other Arabidopsis anther genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:23. [PMID: 22336428 PMCID: PMC3305669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, the development of male reproductive organs is controlled precisely to achieve successful fertilization and reproduction. Despite the increasing knowledge of genes that contribute to anther development, the regulatory mechanisms controlling this process are still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome profiles of early anthers of sterile mutants aborted microspores (ams) and found that 1,368 genes were differentially expressed in ams compared to wild type anthers, affecting metabolism, transportation, ubiquitination and stress response. Moreover, the lack of significant enrichment of potential AMS binding sites (E-box) in the promoters of differentially expressed genes suggests both direct and indirect regulation for AMS-dependent regulation of anther transcriptome involving other transcription factors. Combining ams transcriptome profiles with those of two other sterile mutants, spl/nzz and ems1/exs, expression of 3,058 genes were altered in at least one mutant. Our investigation of expression patterns of major transcription factor families, such as bHLH, MYB and MADS, suggested that some closely related homologs of known anther developmental genes might also have similar functions. Additionally, comparison of expression levels of genes in different organs suggested that anther-preferential genes could play important roles in anther development. CONCLUSION Analysis of ams anther transcriptome and its comparison with those of spl/nzz and ems1/exs anthers uncovered overlapping and distinct sets of regulated genes, including those encoding transcription factors and other proteins. These results support an expanded regulatory network for early anther development, providing a series of hypotheses for future experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Baomin Feng
- Department of Biology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Grene R, Klumas C, Suren H, Yang K, Collakova E, Myers E, Heath LS, Holliday JA. Mining and visualization of microarray and metabolomic data reveal extensive cell wall remodeling during winter hardening in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:241. [PMID: 23112803 PMCID: PMC3482696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microarray gene expression profiling is a powerful technique to understand complex developmental processes, but making biologically meaningful inferences from such studies has always been challenging. We previously reported a microarray study of the freezing acclimation period in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in which a large number of candidate genes for climatic adaptation were identified. In the current paper, we apply additional systems biology tools to these data to further probe changes in the levels of genes and metabolites and activities of associated pathways that regulate this complex developmental transition. One aspect of this adaptive process that is not well understood is the role of the cell wall. Our data suggest coordinated metabolic and signaling responses leading to cell wall remodeling. Co-expression of genes encoding proteins associated with biosynthesis of structural and non-structural cell wall carbohydrates was observed, which may be regulated by ethylene signaling components. At the same time, numerous genes, whose products are putatively localized to the endomembrane system and involved in both the synthesis and trafficking of cell wall carbohydrates, were up-regulated. Taken together, these results suggest a link between ethylene signaling and biosynthesis, and targeting of cell wall related gene products during the period of winter hardening. Automated Layout Pipeline for Inferred NEtworks (ALPINE), an in-house plugin for the Cytoscape visualization environment that utilizes the existing GeneMANIA and Mosaic plugins, together with the use of visualization tools, provided images of proposed signaling processes that became active over the time course of winter hardening, particularly at later time points in the process. The resulting visualizations have the potential to reveal novel, hypothesis-generating, gene association patterns in the context of targeted subcellular location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Grene
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- *Correspondence: Ruth Grene, Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. e-mail:
| | - Curtis Klumas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Haktan Suren
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Kuan Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Eva Collakova
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elijah Myers
- Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Lenwood S. Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jason A. Holliday
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia TechBlacksburg, VA, USA
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Kim SJ, Brandizzi F. News and Views into the SNARE Complexity in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 3:28. [PMID: 23018380 PMCID: PMC3355637 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Secretory organelles are engaged in a continuous flux of membranes, which is believed to occur mostly via transport vesicles. Being critical in maintaining several cellular functions, transport vesicles are membrane-enclosed sacs that temporarily store and then deliver membrane lipids, protein, and polysaccharides. SNAREs have a crucial role in vesicle traffic by driving membrane fusion and conferring fidelity through the formation of specific SNARE complexes. Additionally, specific roles of SNAREs in growth and development implicate that they are versatile components for the life of a plant. Here, we summarize the recent progress on the understanding of the role of SNAREs and highlight some of the questions that are still unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jin Kim
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Federica Brandizzi, Plant Research Laboratory, Department of Energy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. e-mail:
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Jahn KA, Barton DA, Kobayashi K, Ratinac KR, Overall RL, Braet F. Correlative microscopy: providing new understanding in the biomedical and plant sciences. Micron 2011; 43:565-82. [PMID: 22244153 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is the application of two or more distinct microscopy techniques to the same region of a sample, generating complementary morphological, structural and chemical information that exceeds what is possible with any single technique. As a variety of complementary microscopy approaches rather than a specific type of instrument, correlative microscopy has blossomed in recent years as researchers have recognised that it is particularly suited to address the intricate questions of the modern biological sciences. Specialised technical developments in sample preparation, imaging methods, visualisation and data analysis have also accelerated the uptake of correlative approaches. In light of these advances, this critical review takes the reader on a journey through recent developments in, and applications of, correlative microscopy, examining its impact in biomedical research and in the field of plant science. This twin emphasis gives a unique perspective into use of correlative microscopy in fields that often advance independently, and highlights the lessons that can be learned from both fields for the future of this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jahn
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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