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Roberts E, Nuttall TJ, Gkekas G, Mellanby RJ, Fitzgerald JR, Paterson GK. Not just in man's best friend: A review of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius host range and human zoonosis. Res Vet Sci 2024; 174:105305. [PMID: 38805894 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is one species in the commensal staphylococcal population in dogs. While it is commonly carried on healthy companion dogs it is also an opportunistic pathogen associated with a range of skin, ear, wound and other infections. While adapted to dogs, it is not restricted to them, and we have reviewed its host range, including increasing reports of human colonisation and infections. Despite its association with pet dogs, S. pseudintermedius is found widely in animals, covering companion, livestock and free-living species of birds and mammals. Human infections, typically in immunocompromised individuals, are increasingly being recognised, in part due to improved diagnosis. Colonisation, infection, and antimicrobial resistance, including frequent multidrug resistance, among S. pseudintermedius isolates represent important One Health challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Roberts
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T J Nuttall
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G Gkekas
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R J Mellanby
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J R Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G K Paterson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Abouelkhair MA, Kania SA. Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Six Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans Isolates. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:284. [PMID: 38540343 PMCID: PMC10969876 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi and Staphylococcus coagulans, closely related bacterial species within the Staphylococcus genus, present a challenge in classification and diagnosis due to their close genetic proximity and overlapping phenotypic features. Moreover, our understanding of the virulence mechanisms in staphylococcal species, beyond the extensively studied Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited, underscoring the importance of using comparative data to enhance our insights into virulence within these bacterial species. This study employed a comprehensive approach, utilizing comparative genomics, to identify genomic distinctions between S. schleiferi and S. coagulans, aiming to address the challenges in the accurate classification and diagnosis of these organisms and identify unique features. Whole genome sequencing was performed on six clinical isolates, and their genomes were compared to identify variations in gene content and virulence factors. De novo assembly and annotation revealed two samples as S. coagulans and four samples as S. schleiferi. Analysis of the core genomes revealed conserved regions crucial for defining species identity, while accessory genomic elements contained unique genes, possibly impacting the pathogenicity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
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3
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Mohseni P, Ghorbani A, Fariborzi N. Exploring the potential of cold plasma therapy in treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine: opportunities and challenges. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1240596. [PMID: 37720476 PMCID: PMC10502341 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1240596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold plasma therapy is a novel approach that has shown significant promise in treating bacterial infections in veterinary medicine. Cold plasma possesses the potential to eliminate various bacteria, including those that are resistant to antibiotics, which renders it a desirable substitute for traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, it can enhance the immune system and facilitate the process of wound healing. However, there are some challenges associated with the use of cold plasma in veterinary medicine, such as achieving consistent and uniform exposure to the affected area, determining optimal treatment conditions, and evaluating the long-term impact on animal health. This paper explores the potential of cold plasma therapy in veterinary medicine for managing bacterial diseases, including respiratory infections, skin infections, and wound infections such as Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. It also shows the opportunities and challenges associated with its use. In conclusion, the paper highlights the promising potential of utilizing cold plasma in veterinary medicine. However, to gain a comprehensive understanding of its benefits and limitations, further research is required. Future studies should concentrate on refining treatment protocols and assessing the long-term effects of cold plasma therapy on bacterial infections and the overall health of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mohseni
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Niloofar Fariborzi
- Department of Biology and Control of Diseases Vector, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Evolution of the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Horses in Florida over a 10-Year Period. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020071. [PMID: 36851375 PMCID: PMC9959586 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies documented antibiotic resistance in horses but did not focus on skin specifically. We investigated antibiotic resistance and correlations between resistance patterns in skin infections. Records from 2009 to 2019 were searched for Staphylococcal infection and susceptibility results. Seventy-seven cases were included. Organisms identified were S. aureus (48/77), S. pseudintermedius (7/77), non-hemolytic Staphylococcus (8/77), beta-hemolytic Staphylococcus (6/77), and other species (8/77). Samples included pyoderma (36/77), wounds (10/77), abscesses (15/77), incision sites (5/77), nose (8/77), and foot (3/77). A trend analysis using non-parametric Spearman's test showed significant upward trend of resistance (p < 0.05) for 3/15 antibiotics (ampicillin, cefazolin, penicillin). Susceptibility was significantly different by Staphylococcal species for 8/15 antibiotics. Gentamicin showed significant susceptibility differences based on source (all abscesses were susceptible to gentamicin). Steel-Dwass test showed statistically significant (p = 0.003) difference between incision sites and abscesses. A non-parametric Kendall's T-test found significantly negative correlation between cefazolin and amikacin sensitivity (p = 0.0108) and multiple positive correlations of resistance (p < 0.05). This study confirms increasing resistance in dermatologic samples. It is unlikely that the sample source affects resistance, but Staphylococcus species may affect it. Study limitations include lack of information about previous antibiotic use and small sample size.
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Marchegiani A, Fruganti A, Bazzano M, Cerquetella M, Dini F, Spaterna A. Fluorescent Light Energy in the Management of Multi Drug Resistant Canine Pyoderma: A Prospective Exploratory Study. Pathogens 2022; 11:1197. [PMID: 36297254 PMCID: PMC9608719 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in prevalence of staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance has been also associated with pyoderma in dogs, and prolonged antibiotic treatment, as often needed in severe cases of pyoderma, has been related to influencing possible development of multidrug resistance (MDR). Fluorescent light energy (FLE) has been indicated to improve pyoderma lesions as adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotics. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of FLE on clinical signs of MDR canine deep pyoderma (CDP) and interdigital furunculosis (CIF) when administered as solely management. Sixteen client-owned dogs affected by CIF (five dogs) and CDP (eleven dogs) were scored using a dedicated scoring system and received a single FLE applications twice weekly, until clinical resolution was achieved. Mean time to achieve complete resolution was 5.20 ± 3.56 weeks (median 3 weeks) for CIF cases and 4.18 ± 1.47 weeks (median 4 weeks) for CDP ones. FLE shows promise as an aid to managing clinical signs while reducing reliance on antibiotics for MDR CDP and CIF. In this study, FLE was responsible for the decrease in lesion scores and resolution of MDR pyoderma infection without any adjunct therapy, having a potential useful role to play in antibiotic stewardship programs, efficiently promoting complete clinical resolution of MDR lesions while optimizing the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilena Bazzano
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
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Moses IB, Esimone CO, Iroha IR, Rubin JE, Sniatynsky MK, Ribeiro ÁCDS, Santos FF, Cayo da Silva R, Gales AC. Antibiotypes and high frequency of toxin genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from nares of dogs and dog guardians in Nigeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 89:101870. [PMID: 36088796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
To determine the antibiotypes and frequency of toxin genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), 281 nasal swab samples were collected from dogs and dog guardians in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined by disc diffusion technique while detection of toxin genes was carried out by PCR. Exactly 41 (28.7 %) and 6 (4.3 %) MRSP were obtained from dogs and dog guardians respectively. Isolates exhibited resistance (100-16.7 %) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems. Seccanine, lukD, siet, and exi toxin genes were harboured by 42 (89.4 %), 47 (100 %), 37 (78.7 %), and 2 (4.3 %) MRSP isolates respectively. This study has shown that dogs and dog guardians in Abakaliki, Southeastern Nigeria are colonized by multiple drug-resistant MRSP which harbour toxin genes. This represents a significant public health problem in veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil.
| | - Charles Okechukwu Esimone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B. 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - J E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM), University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M K Sniatynsky
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine (WCVM), University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ághata Cardoso da Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayo da Silva
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 781, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Virulence Potential of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus coagulans Causing Skin Infections in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101339. [PMID: 36289997 PMCID: PMC9598800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) account for most bacteria-related pyoderma in companion animals. Emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, is a public health concern. The study collection comprised 237 staphylococci (S. pseudintermedius (n = 155), S. aureus (n = 55) and S. coagulans (n = 27)) collected from companion animals, previously characterized regarding resistance patterns and clonal lineages. Biofilm production was detected for 51.0% (79/155), 94.6% (52/55) and 88.9% (24/27) of the S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. coagulans, respectively, and was a frequent trait of the predominant S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus clonal lineages. The production of biofilm varied with NaCl supplementation of the growth media. All S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus strains carried icaADB. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of Galleria mellonella infected with different CoPS revealed a higher virulence potential of S. aureus when compared with other CoPS. Our study highlights a high frequency of biofilm production by prevalent antimicrobial-resistant clonal lineages of CoPS associated with animal pyoderma, potentially related with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
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Prior CD, Moodley A, Karama M, Malahlela MN, Leisewitz A. Prevalence of methicillin resistance in
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
isolates from dogs with skin and ear infections in South Africa. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.36303/jsava.2022.93.1.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CD Prior
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - A Moodley
- International Livestock Research Institute,
Kenya
| | - M Karama
- Veterinary Public Health Section, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - MN Malahlela
- Veterinary Public Health Section, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - A Leisewitz
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria,
South Africa
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Prevalence of Bacterial Species in Skin, Urine, Diarrheal Stool, and Respiratory Samples in Cats. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030324. [PMID: 35335648 PMCID: PMC8950848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a significant cause of illness and death in different animals. However, these bacterial infections could be a source of human disease or illness if these pathogenic bacteria are present in companion animals. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria associated with different site infections in cats in the Republic of Korea. For this purpose, samples were collected from the skin/ear, urine, respiratory, and diarrheal stool origins of cats obtained between 2018 and 2019 from seven different laboratories and centers participating in the Korean Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System. These samples were subjected to analysis for the identification and isolation of associated bacterial species using a bacterial culture approach. A total of 609 isolates were identified in four different cat samples. Among them, 267, 184, 57, and 101 were extracted from diarrheal stool, skin, urine, and respiratory samples, respectively. The findings of this study showed that Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species among isolated bacterial species of diarrheal stool and urine origin. Staphylococcus felis and Pasteurella multocida were most prevalent in the skin and respiratory tract, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in bacterial distribution among the different age groups in all samples. This is the first nationwide surveillance report that associates bacterial prevalence with their site of origin and helps in the prevention of bacterial infections in cats. Moreover, the pattern of bacterial prevalence could provide sufficient guidance for the selection of empirical antimicrobial therapy against infections in cats.
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07080. [PMID: 35126739 PMCID: PMC8805099 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR S. pseudintermedius can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (30-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 0-1%, 1-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 5-66% and 30-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR S. pseudintermedius according to Article 8 criteria are mostly species belonging to the families of Canidae and Felidae, such as dogs and cats.
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11
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Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: Is it a real threat to human health? POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Staphylococcus Intermedius Group (SIG) staphylococci, especially Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius), share many features with the common human Staphylococcus aureus. The similarities concern both the phenotypic characteristics and virulence of the bacteria. It is a cause of difficulties in identifying the species of isolated staphylococci. Until now, S. pseudintermedius was considered a typically animal species, of marginal importance for humans. However, it is likely that the incidence of this staphylococcus in humans is underestimated due to the misidentification of S. pseudintermedius strains as S. aureus. The cases of infections caused by S. pseudintermedius both in humans and animals described so far in the literature show that these bacteria have a similar pathogenic potential. S. pseudintermedius also produces virulence factors that favor colonization of various body regions and infections, and may affect the species composition of the natural microbiota and the host’s immune response mechanisms. Also, S. pseudintermedius may show the ability to grow in the form of a biofilm, which significantly impedes effective antibiotic therapy in clinical practice. Due to its zoonotic potential, S. pseudintermedius deserves the attention of physicians and animal owners.
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Rana EA, Islam MZ, Das T, Dutta A, Ahad A, Biswas PK, Barua H. Prevalence of coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Bangladesh. Vet Med Sci 2021; 8:498-508. [PMID: 34941011 PMCID: PMC8959323 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have a significant health impact on people with direct or supportive occupations in veterinary medicine including veterinarians, animal handlers, laboratory personnel and pet owners. Objectives This cross‐sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, MRSA and MRSP in dogs in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 358 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 150 dogs attending a university teaching veterinary hospital between January and June 2018. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed to isolate Staphylococcus, and identification was confirmed to the species level by PCR to detect the nuc gene. MRSA and MRSP were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. Results The prevalence of coagulase‐positive S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in dogs were 16% and 45.3%, respectively. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates displayed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (95.2% and 91%, respectively) and erythromycin (89.3% and 84.7%, respectively). Notably, all the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSP in dogs was 8.7% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for MRSA colonisation in dogs: dogs with dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 12.24, 95% CI: 3.12–57.33; p < 0.001) and history of antibiotic use (OR 8.73, 95% CI: 2.23–43.10; p < 0.001). Presence of otitis (OR 14.22; 95% CI: 1.64–103.58; p = 0.008) and oral lesions (OR 9.48, 95% CI: 1.14–64.82; p = 0.002) were identified as the significant risk factors for the carriage of MRSP. Conclusions The circulation of multidrug‐resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is a serious concern to dogs and humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP affecting dogs in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zohorul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Tridip Das
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Avijit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Himel Barua
- Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Dos Santos IC, Barbosa LN, da Silva GR, Otutumi LK, Zaniolo MM, Dos Santos MC, de Paula Ferreira LR, Gonçalves DD, de Almeida Martins L. Pet dogs as reservoir of oxacillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Res Vet Sci 2021; 143:28-32. [PMID: 34959042 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to verify the bacterial resistance profile and detect the presence of mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal microbiota of domiciled dogs. For this purpose 100 nasal swabs from 100 domiciled dogs were collected from the central area of the city of Umuarama (PR), along with a questionnaire answered by their owners. After the isolation all Staphylococcus spp. isolates were submitted to the diffusion disc test by the Kirby-Bauer method, and only oxacillin-resistant samples were submitted to the PCR technique to search for the mecA gene and the results were then submitted to statistical analysis to verify possible risk variables. The 100 Staphylococcus spp. and coagulase negative, among which 41 isolates were resistant to oxacillin, no samples were positive for the mecA gene presence, however, 12 resistant to vancomycin were found. It can be concluded that the domiciled dogs are carriers of Staphylococcus spp. multiresistant, being these a possible source of human contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Bolsista PROSUP/CAPES - Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lidiane Nunes Barbosa
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ratti da Silva
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Kazue Otutumi
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Melissa Marchi Zaniolo
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho Dos Santos
- Centro Universitário Cesumar (UNICESUMAR), Avenida Guedner, 1610, Jardim Aclimacao, 87050-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Centro, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
| | - Lisiane de Almeida Martins
- Faculdade de Ensino Superior Santa Bárbara (FAESB), Rua Onze de Agosto, 2900, Jardim Lucila, 18277-000 Tatuí, SP, Brazil
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Thammawithan S, Srichaiyapol O, Siritongsuk P, Daduang S, Klaynongsruang S, Prapasarakul N, Patramanon R. Anisotropic Silver Nanoparticles Gel Exhibits Antibacterial Action and Reduced Scar Formation on Wounds Contaminated with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a Mice Model. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123412. [PMID: 34944189 PMCID: PMC8697910 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wound infection in animals with antimicrobial resistant bacteria, especially Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, plays an important role in the delay of wound healing. In this work, the antimicrobial and wound healing activities of gels containing anisotropic AgNPs were evaluated on wounds contaminated with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in a mice model. The results show that anisotropic AgNPs gel is effective in eliminating bacteria and preventing pus formation. Furthermore, anisotropic AgNPs gel exhibits improved collagen alignment that supports scar disappearance. Abstract Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) infected wounds can cause seriously delayed wound healing processes in animals. Antimicrobial agents that have antimicrobial and wound healing efficacy have become an essential tool for overcoming this problem. In our previous study, anisotropic AgNPs have been reported to have antimicrobial efficiency against animal and human pathogens, and could be suitable as antimicrobial agents for infected wounds. Here, antimicrobial and wound healing activities of anisotropic AgNPs gels were assessed in vivo. BALB/cAJcl mice wounds were infected by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). Then, antibacterial and wound healing activities were evaluated by bacterial cell count, wound contraction, digital capture, and histology. The results show that anisotropic AgNPs gels could eliminate all bacterial cell infected wounds within 7 days, the same as povidone iodine. Wound healing activity was evaluated by wound contraction (%). The results showed 100% wound contraction in groups treated with anisotropic AgNPs gels within 14 days that was not significantly different from povidone iodine and control gel without AgNPs. However, the digital capture of wounds on day 4 showed that anisotropic AgNPs gel prevented pus formation and reduced scar appearance within 21 days. The histology results exhibit improved collagen fiber alignment that supports scar disappearance. In conclusion, these results indicate that anisotropic AgNPs gels are suitable for treating infected wounds. The gel is effective in eliminating bacteria that supports the natural process of wound repair and also causes reduced scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saengrawee Thammawithan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Oranee Srichaiyapol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Pawinee Siritongsuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sompong Klaynongsruang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Rina Patramanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (S.T.); (O.S.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-84599-9123
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15
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Palomino-Farfán JA, Vega LGA, Espinoza SYC, Magallanes SG, Moreno JJS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans associated with otitis externa and pyoderma in dogs. Open Vet J 2021; 11:364-369. [PMID: 34722197 PMCID: PMC8541725 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dermatological infections are the most common cases in the daily pet clinic. Since its discovery in 1990, Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans have been reported more frequently in canine otitis externa and pyoderma and even in cases of zoonoses. Aim: Detect the presence of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans of canine otitis externa and pyoderma, its antimicrobial resistance, and the presence of mecAgen. Methods: Three-hundred-thirty-one swabs from dogs with otitis externa and pyoderma were cultured on bacteriological agar for bacterial isolation and subsequent biochemical and molecular identification. The identified S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans were evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the Kirby–Bauer technique, including an oxacillin disk, and subsequently, a PCR was run to identify which ones had the mecA gene. Results: Thirty-four (22.97%) and twelve (6.56%) isolates were identified as S. schleiferi subspecies coagulans from otitis externa and pyoderma, respectively. Fluoroquinolones, the most widely used group of antibiotics in Peru, showed a susceptibility of 58.82% (20/34) in cases of otitis externa and 50% (6/12) in cases of canine pyoderma. Meanwhile, nitrofurantoin was the antibiotic with the best efficacy in both cases, with 97% (33/34) in otitis externa and 83% (10/12) in pyoderma. Furthermore, 40% (13/34) of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans isolated from otitis externa were resistant to methicillin, and 85.29% (29/34) had the mecA gene. On the other hand, the only methicillin-resistant isolate from pyoderma was also the only one with a mecA gene. Conclusion: This study is the first report of S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans in Peru, finding a higher percentage than reported in other South American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel André Palomino-Farfán
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Luis Guillermo Alvarez Vega
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Sonia Yenny Calle Espinoza
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Sofia Gonzales Magallanes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan José Siuce Moreno
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Perú
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16
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Bierowiec K, Miszczak M, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Wzorek A, Płókarz D, Gamian A. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in cats in Poland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18898. [PMID: 34556720 PMCID: PMC8460698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus that is mainly associated with the asymptomatic colonization of the skin of pets and mucous membranes. Little is still known about the occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in cats. The current study aimed to characterize the isolates of S. pseudintermedius from sick and healthy cats. This was achieved by examining their antibiotic resistance properties, biofilm formation, and genotype differences. Six hundred and seventy-six cats were swabbed (595 healthy and 81 sick cats). Thirty-five distinct S. pseudintermedius isolates from 27 cats were isolated. The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius in healthy and sick cats was 2.49% and 7.61%, respectively. In comparison, MRSP (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) prevalence was 0.12% and 2.98%, respectively. Cats were more frequently colonized with S. pseudintermedius when kept with dogs, regardless of their health condition, with this result being statistically significant. Multidrug resistance was detected in 50%, and 38.46% of S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy and sick cats, respectively. In contrast, genetic multidrug resistance was detected in 59% and 46.15% cases, respectively. Seven from eight isolated MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) assigned isolates to 19 types, of which 16 types submitted for the first time to the PubMLST database. The most frequently detected STs (sequence types) were 551 and 71. ST71 and ST551 were mainly isolated from cats with clinical signs of infection. All were MRSPs, regardless of cats’ health. These isolates were characterized with the most frequent antibiotic resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bierowiec
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - M Miszczak
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Wzorek
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D Płókarz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
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17
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Paterson GK. Genomic epidemiology of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus coagulans from companion dogs. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 34431760 PMCID: PMC8513628 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus coagulans (formerly Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans) is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen of companion dogs. It carries a range of antimicrobial resistance genes and is an occasional zoonotic pathogen. Hypothesis/Gap Statement Despite the potential insight offered by genome sequencing into the biology of S. coagulans, few genomes are currently available for study. Aim To sequence and analyse S. coagulans genomes to improve understanding of this organism’s molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and bacterium–host interactions. Methodology Twenty-five genomes of clinical isolates collected at a veterinary referral hospital in Scotland, UK, were sequenced with Illumina technology. These genomes were analysed by a series of bioinformatics tools along with 16 previously sequenced genomes. Results Phylogenetic comparison of the 41 genomes shows that the current S. coagulans phylogeny is dominated by clades of closely related isolates, at least one of which has spread internationally. Ten of the 11 methicillin-resistant S. coagulans genomes in this collection of 41 encoded the mecA promoter and gene mutations that are predicted to render the isolates susceptible to penicillins in the presence of clavulanic acid, a feature only described to date in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Seven such isolates were from the current study and, in line with the genome-based prediction, all were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in vitro. S. coagulans shared very few highly conserved virulence-associated genes with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, another common commensal and opportunistic canine pathogen. Conclusion The availability of a further 25 genome sequences from clinical S. coagulans isolates will aid in better understanding the epidemiology, bacterial–host interactions and antimicrobial resistance of this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin K Paterson
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
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18
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Costa SS, Oliveira V, Serrano M, Pomba C, Couto I. Phenotypic and Molecular Traits of Staphylococcus coagulans Associated with Canine Skin Infections in Portugal. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050518. [PMID: 34063179 PMCID: PMC8147484 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus coagulans is among the three most frequent pathogens of canine pyoderma. Yet, studies on this species are scarce. Twenty-seven S. coagulans and one S. schleiferi, corresponding to all pyoderma-related isolations from these two species at two veterinary laboratories in Lisbon, Portugal, between 1999 and 2018 (Lab 1) or 2018 (Lab 2), were analyzed. Isolates were identified by the analysis of the nuc gene and urease production. Antibiotic susceptibility towards 27 antibiotics was evaluated by disk diffusion. Fourteen antibiotic resistance genes were screened by PCR. Isolates were typed by SmaI-PFGE. Two S. coagulans isolates (2/27, 7.4%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSC, mecA+) and four (4/27, 14.8%) displayed a multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. We observed resistance to penicillin (17/27, 63.0%), fluoroquinolones (11/27, 40.7%), erythromycin and clindamycin (3/27, 11.1%), fusidic acid (3/27, 11.1%) and tetracycline (1/27, 3.7%). The blaZ and erm(B) genes were carried by 16 and 1 isolates resistant to penicillin and erythromycin/clindamycin, respectively. Only three S. coagulans carried plasmids. The single S. schleiferi isolate presented an MDR phenotype. SmaI-PFGE revealed a limited genetic diversity of S. coagulans, with a predominant lineage present from 2001 to 2018. This study describes the first MRSC causing canine infection in Portugal and reveals a high burden of antimicrobial resistance, with the emergence of MDR phenotypes within the main lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +351-21-3652652 (S.S.C. & I.C.); Fax: +351-21-3632105 (S.S.C. & I.C.)
| | - Valéria Oliveira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Serrano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
| | - Constança Pomba
- Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal;
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Rua Quinta da Nora Loja 3B, 2790-140 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.O.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.C.); (I.C.); Tel.: +351-21-3652652 (S.S.C. & I.C.); Fax: +351-21-3632105 (S.S.C. & I.C.)
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19
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Lynch SA, Helbig KJ. The Complex Diseases of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Canines: Where to Next? Vet Sci 2021; 8:11. [PMID: 33477504 PMCID: PMC7831068 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a pathogenic bacterium of concern within the veterinary sector and is involved in numerous infections in canines, including topical infections such as canine pyoderma and otitis externa, as well as systemic infections within the urinary, respiratory and reproductive tract. The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) within such infections is a growing concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the involvement of S. pseudintermedius in canine disease pathology to gain better insight into novel treatment avenues. Here, we review the literature focused on S. pseudintermedius infection in multiple anatomic locations in dogs and the role of MRSP in treatment outcomes at these niches. Multiple novel treatment avenues for MRSP have been pioneered in recent years and these are discussed with a specific focus on vaccines and phage therapy as potential therapeutic options. Whilst both undertakings are in their infancy, phage therapy is versatile and has shown high success in both animal and human medical use. It is clear that further research is required to combat the growing problems associated with MRSP in canines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla J. Helbig
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
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20
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Ma GC, Worthing KA, Ward MP, Norris JM. Commensal Staphylococci Including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dogs and Cats in Remote New South Wales, Australia. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:164-174. [PMID: 31049616 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococci are important opportunistic pathogens in human and veterinary medicine in addition to being part of the normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes of mammals and birds. The rise of antimicrobial resistance amongst staphylococci warrants closer investigation of the diversity of skin commensal organisms-including coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)-due to their potential as a source of resistance genes. This study is aimed at characterising the commensal staphylococci-including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species (spp.)-from mucocutaneous sites of dogs and cats from remote New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Pet dogs and cats were recruited from participants in a community companion animal health programme in six communities in western NSW. Three swabs were collected from each animal (anterior nares, oropharynx, and perineum) and from skin lesions or wounds if present and cultured on selective media for Staphylococcus spp. In total, 383 pets (303 dogs, 80 cats) were enrolled. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 67.3% of dogs and 73.8% of cats (494 isolates). The diversity of CoNS was high (20 species) whilst only three coagulase-positive spp. were isolated (S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus, S. intermedius). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage in dogs was high (2.6%) relative to other studies but was only a small proportion of overall commensal staphylococci. No cats carried MRSA and no MRSP was isolated from either species. Dogs were significantly more likely to carry coagulase-positive staphylococci than cats (P < 0.001). Amongst dogs, males and those with skin lesions were more likely to carry S. pseudintermedius. This study highlights important differences in the diversity and patterns of carriage of commensal staphylococci between dogs and cats in remote NSW, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Ma
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate A Worthing
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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21
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Ma GC, Worthing KA, Gottlieb T, Ward MP, Norris JM. Molecular characterization of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from pet dogs. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 67:222-230. [PMID: 31867885 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious public health concern and in Australia, one that disproportionately affects Aboriginal people. Paralleling MRSA in human medicine, methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an increasingly prevalent pathogen in veterinary medicine. We aimed to characterize the carriage of MRSA and MRSP in dogs and cats from predominantly Aboriginal communities in a very remote region of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Pets (303 dogs and 80 cats) were recruited from six communities in western NSW. Three swabs were collected from each animal (anterior nares, oropharynx and perineum) and from skin lesions or wounds (if present) and cultured on selective media for methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Human host-adapted community-associated MRSA representing four multilocus sequence types (ST1-IV, ST5-IV, ST72-IV, ST93-IV) were isolated from eight dogs (prevalence 2.6%, 95% confidence interval 1.3%-5.1%). Two ST5-IV isolates from a single dog were phenotypically trimethoprim-resistant, harbouring trimethoprim-resistant gene dfrG within the SCCmec type IVo mobile genetic element. MRSA was not isolated from any cats and MRSP was not isolated from any dogs or cats. This study estimated a high prevalence of human host-adapted community-associated MRSA carriage in dogs despite an absence of MRSP. This suggests MRSA carried by dogs in remote NSW originate from human hosts. The cycle of transmission between people, dogs and common environmental sources warrants further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of trimethoprim-resistant ST5-IV in eastern Australia and the first report of trimethoprim-resistant ST5-IV from a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Ma
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kate A Worthing
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Thomas Gottlieb
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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22
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Fibronectin and Its Role in Human Infective Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121516. [PMID: 31779172 PMCID: PMC6952806 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin is a multidomain glycoprotein ubiquitously detected in extracellular fluids and matrices of a variety of animal and human tissues where it functions as a key link between matrices and cells. Fibronectin has also emerged as the target for a large number of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. There are clear indications that the binding of microorganism’ receptors to fibronectin promotes attachment to and infection of host cells. Each bacterium may use different receptors which recognize specific fibronectin domains, mostly the N-terminal domain and the central cell-binding domain. In many cases, fibronectin receptors have actions over and above that of simple adhesion: In fact, adhesion is often the prerequisite for invasion and internalization of microorganisms in the cells of colonized tissues. This review updates the current understanding of fibronectin receptors of several microorganisms with emphasis on their biochemical and structural properties and the role they can play in the onset and progression of host infection diseases. Furthermore, we describe the antigenic profile and discuss the possibility of designing adhesion inhibitors based on the structure of the fibronectin-binding site in the receptor or the receptor-binding site in fibronectin.
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23
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Larsuprom L, Rungroj N, Lekcharoensuk C, Pruksakorn C, Kongkiatpaiboon S, Chen C, Sukatta U. In vitro antibacterial activity of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) crude extract against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine pyoderma. Vet Dermatol 2019; 30:487-e145. [PMID: 31441182 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, commonly involved in canine pyoderma, can be classified as meticillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) or meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). MRSP infections may be difficult to treat due to broad β-lactam resistance of MRSP and typically additional multidrug-resistance. Topical antibacterial treatment is the preferred treatment modality for surface and superficial skin infections. HYPOTHESIS⁄OBJECTIVES: Mangosteen crude extract containing the antibacterial compound α-mangostin will have in vitro activity against MSSP and MRSP isolated from canine pyoderma. BACTERIAL ISOLATES Twenty-three samples, MSSP (n = 12) and MRSP (n = 11), isolated from canine pyoderma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for mangosteen crude extract by broth microdilution. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the amount of α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract. A time-kill assay was performed at 30 min and 2 h after exposure to a high concentration of crude extract (100× MIC). Antibacterial activity for α-mangostin was calculated according to HPLC results. RESULTS The concentration of α-mangostin was 17.72 ± 1.42% w/w. The mean MIC of α-mangostin towards MSSP was 0.53 ± 0.35 μg/mL, whereas the mean value for MRSP was 0.47 ± 0.27 μg/mL. There was no difference between the mean MIC of MRSP and MSSP (P = 0.84). After a 30 min exposure to 100× MIC of the crude extract, a 95% reduction in colony forming units was found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The results showed that α-mangostin in mangosteen crude extract was effective in inhibiting S. pseudintermedius (both MRSP and MSSP). Clinical studies are needed to investigate this effectiveness further in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawan Larsuprom
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Nutchaphon Rungroj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chalermpol Lekcharoensuk
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Chantima Pruksakorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sumet Kongkiatpaiboon
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Charles Chen
- Asian Veterinary Specialist Referral Center, 1F No.109 Section 4 Xin Yi Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Udomlak Sukatta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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Badger S, Abraham S, O'Dea M, Saputra S, Abraham RJ, Worthing KA, Norris JM, Trott DJ, Jordan D, Caraguel CGB. Diagnostic accuracy of phenotypic assays for determining antimicrobial resistance status in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from canine clinical cases. Vet Microbiol 2019; 234:101-109. [PMID: 31213265 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the diagnostic test accuracy of disc diffusion relative to broth-microdilution for clinical Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Australia (n = 614). Accuracy of disc diffusion and broth-microdilution for oxacillin relative to mecA real-time PCR was also assessed. Each isolate had paired minimum inhibitory concentration and zone diameter values for ten antimicrobial agents. Data was dichotomised using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute susceptible and resistant clinical breakpoints. Test accuracy was reported using relative diagnostic sensitivity (RSe), specificity (RSp), likelihood ratio pairs, diagnostic odds ratio, and area-under-the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC AUC) analysis. Disc diffusion was found to have high test accuracy for most antimicrobials (ROC AUC range: 0.96 - 0.99) except rifampicin (ROC AUC = 0.80). The RSp of disc diffusion was high for all antimicrobials (range, 97.1%-100%). However, RSe was considerably variable (range, 35.7%-98.8%), particularly for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (51.5%, 95% CI, 38.9%, 64.0%), cefoxitin (35.7%, 95% CI, 12.8%, 64.9%), and cephalothin (43.6%, 95% CI, 27.8%, 60.4%). When disc diffusion and broth-microdilution were compared to mecA real-time PCR, the overall accuracy of both assays was similar (ROC AUC, 0.99 respectively). However, the RSe for broth-microdilution (96.1%, 95% CI, 88.9%, 99.2%) was significantly higher than for disc diffusion (86.8%, 95% CI, 77.1%, 93.5%) (McNemars mid-p value 0.01). Overall, these findings demonstrate that for most antimicrobials, disc diffusion performed according to CLSI guidelines can be used to differentiate clinical S. pseudintermedius isolates that might otherwise be assessed by broth-microdilution, provided consideration is given to the performance estimates reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Badger
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
| | - Mark O'Dea
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia. M.O'
| | - Sugiyono Saputra
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
| | - Rebecca J Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
| | - Kate A Worthing
- University of Sydney, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, NSW, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
| | - David Jordan
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar, New South Wales, 2477, Australia.
| | - Charles G B Caraguel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, Mudla Wirra Rd, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia.
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Ceric O, Tyson GH, Goodman LB, Mitchell PK, Zhang Y, Prarat M, Cui J, Peak L, Scaria J, Antony L, Thomas M, Nemser SM, Anderson R, Thachil AJ, Franklin-Guild RJ, Slavic D, Bommineni YR, Mohan S, Sanchez S, Wilkes R, Sahin O, Hendrix GK, Lubbers B, Reed D, Jenkins T, Roy A, Paulsen D, Mani R, Olsen K, Pace L, Pulido M, Jacob M, Webb BT, Dasgupta S, Patil A, Ramachandran A, Tewari D, Thirumalapura N, Kelly DJ, Rankin SC, Lawhon SD, Wu J, Burbick CR, Reimschuessel R. Enhancing the one health initiative by using whole genome sequencing to monitor antimicrobial resistance of animal pathogens: Vet-LIRN collaborative project with veterinary diagnostic laboratories in United States and Canada. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:130. [PMID: 31060608 PMCID: PMC6501310 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacterial pathogens is an emerging public health threat. This threat extends to pets as it also compromises our ability to treat their infections. Surveillance programs in the United States have traditionally focused on collecting data from food animals, foods, and people. The Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), a national network of 45 veterinary diagnostic laboratories, tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically relevant bacterial isolates from animals, with companion animal species represented for the first time in a monitoring program. During 2017, we systematically collected and tested 1968 isolates. To identify genetic determinants associated with AMR and the potential genetic relatedness of animal and human strains, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 192 isolates: 69 Salmonella enterica (all animal sources), 63 Escherichia coli (dogs), and 60 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (dogs). RESULTS We found that most Salmonella isolates (46/69, 67%) had no known resistance genes. Several isolates from both food and companion animals, however, showed genetic relatedness to isolates from humans. For pathogenic E. coli, no resistance genes were identified in 60% (38/63) of the isolates. Diverse resistance patterns were observed, and one of the isolates had predicted resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, important antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. For S. pseudintermedius, we observed a bimodal distribution of resistance genes, with some isolates having a diverse array of resistance mechanisms, including the mecA gene (19/60, 32%). CONCLUSION The findings from this study highlight the critical importance of veterinary diagnostic laboratory data as part of any national antimicrobial resistance surveillance program. The finding of some highly resistant bacteria from companion animals, and the observation of isolates related to those isolated from humans demonstrates the public health significance of incorporating companion animal data into surveillance systems. Vet-LIRN will continue to build the infrastructure to collect the data necessary to perform surveillance of resistant bacteria as part of fulfilling its mission to advance human and animal health. A One Health approach to AMR surveillance programs is crucial and must include data from humans, animals, and environmental sources to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olgica Ceric
- Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA.
| | - Gregory H Tyson
- Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Laura B Goodman
- Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Patrick K Mitchell
- Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Melanie Prarat
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA
| | - Laura Peak
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Linto Antony
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Sarah M Nemser
- Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Renee Anderson
- Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Anil J Thachil
- Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yugendar R Bommineni
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Shipra Mohan
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bronson Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Kissimmee, FL, USA
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Athens Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Wilkes
- Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brian Lubbers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Deborah Reed
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Tracie Jenkins
- Breathitt Veterinary Center, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Alma Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel Paulsen
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Karen Olsen
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lanny Pace
- Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Lab System, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Martha Pulido
- Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Lab System, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Megan Jacob
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Brett T Webb
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sarmila Dasgupta
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Ewing Township, NJ, USA
| | - Amar Patil
- New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Ewing Township, NJ, USA
| | - Akhilesh Ramachandran
- Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Deepanker Tewari
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Nagaraja Thirumalapura
- Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory, Harrisburg, PA, USA
| | - Donna J Kelly
- Pennsylvania Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kenneth Square, PA, USA
| | - Shelley C Rankin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ryan Veterinary Hospital Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jing Wu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Renate Reimschuessel
- Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN), Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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Lane MJ, Roy AF, Kearney MT, Pucheu-Haston CM. Characterization, distribution, antimicrobial resistance and resistance risk factors in staphylococci isolated from cats from 2001 to 2014. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:315-325. [PMID: 30198623 PMCID: PMC6236134 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively few studies have been published describing the patterns of staphylococcal isolation and antimicrobial resistance over time in cats. The objective of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency, location, characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of staphylococci isolated by the Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between the years 2001 and 2014. All feline staphylococcal isolates were classified phenotypically. Isolates corresponding to known or possibly pathogenic species (Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA)) as well as Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) and non‐speciated coagulase‐negative staphylococci (CNS) were further evaluated to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 519 staphylococci were isolated. The largest percentage of isolates was CNS, representing 39.3% of the total, while SIG, SE, SA and non‐speciated coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS) represented 18.1%, 10.2%, 8.3% and 7.3%, respectively. Methicillin resistance (MR) was identified in 57.1% of SA and 20.5% of SIG. Resistance to 3 or more antimicrobial classes (multidrug resistance; MDR) was demonstrated in 54.5% of SA and 23.9% of SIG. The prevalence of MDR increased over time in both SIG and SA, while the prevalence of MR increased over time in SIG. An increase in mean antimicrobial resistance score over time was seen in SIG. This study demonstrates a high and increasing prevalence of MDR in SIG and SA, as well as increasing prevalence of MR in SIG isolated from cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Lane
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Alma F Roy
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Michael T Kearney
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Cherie M Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Worthing KA, Brown J, Gerber L, Trott DJ, Abraham S, Norris JM. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci amongst veterinary personnel, personnel-owned pets, patients and the hospital environment of two small animal veterinary hospitals. Vet Microbiol 2018; 223:79-85. [PMID: 30173756 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the transmission cycle of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in small companion animal veterinary practice. Sampling was undertaken at two small animal veterinary hospitals in Sydney, Australia. Samples were collected from 46 veterinary personnel, 79 personnel-owned dogs and cats, 151 clinically normal canine hospital admissions and 25 environmental sites. Nasal swabs were collected from veterinary personnel. Nasal, oral and perineal swabs were collected from animals. Methicillin resistance was detected by growth on BrillianceTM MRSA 2 Agar and confirmed by cefoxitin and oxacillin broth microdilution for S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, respectively. MRSA and MRSP isolates were characterised using whole genome sequencing including mecA gene screening and multilocus sequence typing. MRSA was isolated from four (8%) veterinary personnel but no animals. MRSP was isolated from 11/151 (7%) of canine hospital admissions and 4/53 (8%) of personnel-owned dogs but no veterinary personnel or cats. No MRSA or MRSP was isolated from the environment. MRSP isolates were resistant to significantly more antimicrobial classes than MRSA. The main MRSP clone carried by canine patients (ST496) was distinct to that carried by personnel-owned dogs (ST64). One veterinary nurse, who carried Panton Valentine leucocidin-positive ST338 MRSA, also owned a ST749 MRSP-positive dog. Besides MRSP-positive dogs from the same household sharing the same clone of MRSP, MRSA and MRSP were not shared between humans, animals or environment. Therefore, in the non-outbreak setting of this study, there was limited MRS transmission between veterinary personnel, their pets, patients or the veterinary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Worthing
- University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, NSW, Australia.
| | - James Brown
- Animal Referral Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Laura Gerber
- University of Sydney, School of Veterinary Science, NSW, Australia.
| | - Darren J Trott
- Australian Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Sam Abraham
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, School of Veterinary Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
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28
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Doxycycline treatment for Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: impact on Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus antimicrobial resistance. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:227-232. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Grandolfo E. Looking through Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infections: Could SpA be considered a possible vaccine target? Virulence 2018; 9:703-706. [PMID: 29457988 PMCID: PMC5955435 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1426964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Grandolfo
- a Department of Veterinary Medicine , University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Valenzano , Italy
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30
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Schmidt VM, Pinchbeck G, Nuttall T, Shaw S, McIntyre KM, McEwan N, Dawson S, Williams NJ. Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:192-e70. [PMID: 29664197 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin (CFX), clavulanate-amoxicillin (AC), cefovecin (CVN), clindamycin (CD) or a fluoroquinolone (FQ). ANIMALS Mucosal swab samples (n = 463) were collected from 127 dogs pre-treatment, immediately, and at one- and three-months post-treatment. METHODS Staphylococci were identified phenotypically and biochemically as coagulase negative (CoNS) or coagulase positive (CoPS); CoPS were speciated by nuc gene PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion and mecA gene carriage by PCR. Multilevel, multivariable models examined associations between risk factors and presence/absence of CoPS, meticillin resistance (MR), multidrug-resistance (MDR) and fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR). RESULTS The percentage of samples with CoNS increased and with CoPS (including S. pseudintermedius) decreased immediately post-treatment with CFX, CVN and CD (P ≤ 0.001) and one month post-treatment with CD (P = 0.003). By three months post-treatment, there was no significant difference compared to pre-treatment samples. Immediately post-treatment with FQs there was significantly increased risk of isolating MRS (P = 0.002), MDR (P = 0.002) or FQR (P = 0.013) staphylococci and of MDR following CFX treatment (P = 0.019). The percentage of samples with AMR staphylococci declined from immediately to three months post-treatment and there was no significant difference between resistance prevalence at one or three months post-treatment for most AMR traits and treatment groups. Exceptions include increased MDR following FQ (P = 0.048) or CFX (P = 0.021), at one and three months post-treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Systemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Schmidt
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Tim Nuttall
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Bush Farm Road Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, Midlothian, UK
| | - Steve Shaw
- UK Vet Derm, 16 Talbot Street Whitwick, Coalville, LE67 5AW, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Marie McIntyre
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Neil McEwan
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Susan Dawson
- Institute of Veterinary Science, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, West Derby Street, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
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Huse HK, Miller SA, Chandrasekaran S, Hindler JA, Lawhon SD, Bemis DA, Westblade LF, Humphries RM. Evaluation of Oxacillin and Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion and MIC Breakpoints Established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for Detection of mecA-Mediated Oxacillin Resistance in Staphylococcus schleiferi. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e01653-17. [PMID: 29187565 PMCID: PMC5786728 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01653-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi is a beta-hemolytic, coagulase-variable colonizer of small animals that can cause opportunistic infections in humans. In veterinary isolates, the rate of mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance is significant, with reported resistance rates of >39%. The goal of this study was to evaluate oxacillin and cefoxitin disk diffusion (DD) and MIC breakpoints for detection of mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in 52 human and 38 veterinary isolates of S. schleiferi Isolates were tested on multiple brands of commercial media and according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods. Zone diameters and MIC values were interpreted using CLSI breakpoints (CLSI, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. M100-S27, 2017) for Staphylococcus aureus/Staphylococcus lugdunensis, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Results were compared to those of mecA PCR. Twenty-nine of 90 (32%) isolates were mecA positive. Oxacillin inhibition zone sizes and MICs interpreted by S. pseudintermedius breakpoints reliably differentiated mecA-positive and mecA-negative isolates, with a categorical agreement (CA) of 100% and no very major errors (VMEs) or major errors (MEs) for all media. For cefoxitin DD results interpreted using S. aureus/S. lugdunensis and CoNS breakpoints, CA values were 85% and 75%, respectively, and there were 72% and 64% VMEs, respectively, and 0 MEs. For cefoxitin MICs interpreted using S. aureus/S. lugdunensis breakpoints, CA was 81%, and there were 60% VMEs and no MEs. Our data demonstrate that oxacillin DD or MIC testing methods using the current S. pseudintermedius breakpoints reliably identify mecA-mediated oxacillin resistance in S. schleiferi, while cefoxitin DD and MIC testing methods perform poorly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Huse
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S A Miller
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Chandrasekaran
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J A Hindler
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S D Lawhon
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - D A Bemis
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - R M Humphries
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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32
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Clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from skin infection of dogs in Korea. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morris DO, Loeffler A, Davis MF, Guardabassi L, Weese JS. Recommendations for approaches to meticillin-resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures.: Clinical Consensus Guidelines of the World Association for Veterinary Dermatology. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:304-e69. [PMID: 28516494 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in staphylococci, including resistance to the semi-synthetic penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as meticillin, is a problem of global proportions that presents serious challenges to the successful treatment of staphylococcal infections of companion animals. OBJECTIVES The objective of this document is to provide harmonized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of meticillin-resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats. METHODS The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to guidelines for the diagnosis, laboratory reporting, judicious therapy (including restriction of use policies for certain antimicrobial drugs), personal hygiene, and environmental cleaning and disinfection may help to mitigate the progressive development and dissemination of MDR staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Morris
- Department of Clinical Studies - Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Meghan F Davis
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Luca Guardabassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
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Development of a real-time PCR for detection of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius using a novel automated comparison of whole-genome sequences. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183925. [PMID: 28859126 PMCID: PMC5578505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen in dogs and cats and occasionally causes infections in humans. S. pseudintermedius is often resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials. It requires a reliable detection so that it is not misidentified as S. aureus. Phenotypic and currently-used molecular-based diagnostic assays lack specificity or are labour-intensive using multiplex PCR or nucleic acid sequencing. The aim of this study was to identify a specific target for real-time PCR by comparing whole genome sequences of S. pseudintermedius and non-pseudintermedius.Genome sequences were downloaded from public repositories and supplemented by isolates that were sequenced in this study. A Perl-script was written that analysed 300-nt fragments from a reference genome sequence of S. pseudintermedius and checked if this sequence was present in other S. pseudintermedius genomes (n = 74) and non-pseudintermedius genomes (n = 138). Six sequences specific for S. pseudintermedius were identified (sequence length between 300–500 nt). One sequence, which was located in the spsJ gene, was used to develop primers and a probe. The real-time PCR showed 100% specificity when testing for S. pseudintermedius isolates (n = 54), and eight other staphylococcal species (n = 43). In conclusion, a novel approach by comparing whole genome sequences identified a sequence that is specific for S. pseudintermedius and provided a real-time PCR target for rapid and reliable detection of S. pseudintermedius.
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Qekwana DN, Oguttu JW, Sithole F, Odoi A. Burden and predictors of Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius infections among dogs presented at an academic veterinary hospital in South Africa (2007-2012). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3198. [PMID: 28417060 PMCID: PMC5392248 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococci are commensals of the mucosal surface and skin of humans and animals, but have been implicated in infections such as otitis externa, pyoderma, urinary tract infections and post-surgical complications. Laboratory records provide useful information to help investigate these infections. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the burdens of these infections and use multinomial regression to examine the associations between various Staphylococcus infections and demographic and temporal factors among dogs admitted to an academic veterinary hospital in South Africa. Methods Records of 1,497 clinical canine samples submitted to the bacteriology laboratory at a veterinary academic hospital between 2007 and 2012 were included in this study. Proportions of staphylococcal positive samples were calculated, and a multinomial logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of staphylococcal infections. Results Twenty-seven percent of the samples tested positive for Staphylococcus spp. The species of Staphylococcus identified were S. pseudintermedius (19.0%), S. aureus (3.8%), S. epidermidis (0.7%) and S. felis (0.1%). The remaining 2.87% consisted of unspeciated Staphylococcus. Distribution of the species by age of dog showed that S. pseudintermedius was the most common (25.6%) in dogs aged 2–4 years while S. aureus was most frequent (6.3%) in dogs aged 5–6 years. S. pseudintermedius (34.1%) and S. aureus (35.1%) were the most frequently isolated species from skin samples. The results of the multivariable multinomial logistic regression model identified specimen, year and age of the dog as significant predictors of the risk of infection with Staphylococcus. There was a significant temporal increase (RRR = 1.17; 95% CI [1.06–1.29]) in the likelihood of a dog testing positive for S. pseudintermedius compared to testing negative. Dogs ≤ 8 years of age were significantly more likely to test positive for S. aureus than those >8 years of age. Similarly, dogs between 2–8 years of age were significantly more likely to test positive for S. pseudintermedius than those >8 years of age. In addition, dogs 2–4 years of age (RRR = 1.83; 1.09–3.06) were significantly more likely to test positive for S. pseudintermedius compared to those <2 years of age. The risk of infection with S. pseudintermedius or S. aureus was significantly higher in ear canal and skin specimens compared to other specimens. Conclusions The findings suggest that S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus were the most commonly isolated species from dogs presented at the study hospital. Age of the dog and the location of infection were significant predictors of infection with both Staphylococcus species investigated. Significant increasing temporal trend was observed for S. pseudintermedius but not S. aureus. This information is useful for guiding clinical decisions as well as future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Qekwana
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - James Wabwire Oguttu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fortune Sithole
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Agricola Odoi
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Section Veterinary Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Lockwood SL, Mount R, Lewis TP, Schick AE. Concurrent development of generalised demodicosis, dermatophytosis and meticillin‐resistant
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
secondary to inappropriate treatment of atopic dermatitis in an adult dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Mount
- Dermatology for Animals4000 Montgomery Blvd NEAlbuquerqueNew Mexico87109USA
| | - Thomas P Lewis
- Dermatology for Animals86 W Juniper AveGilbertArizona85233USA
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Bean DC, Wigmore SM. Carriage rate and antibiotic susceptibility of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from healthy dogs in Victoria, Australia. Aust Vet J 2016; 94:456-460. [PMID: 27804112 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in Australia and elsewhere have shown high levels of antibiotic resistance in coagulase-positive staphylococci in dogs visiting veterinary clinics with pyoderma and related conditions. Although important, such studies tend to overestimate the burden of resistance. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of coagulase-positive staphylococci in healthy dogs in Central Victoria to assess the level of antibiotic resistance among these isolates. METHODS We recruited 117 healthy dogs into the study. Swabs were taken at four sites (ear, mouth, nose, perineum) and staphylococcal species identified and isolated using culture and biochemical techniques. RESULTS Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus were recovered from 100 and 17 dogs, respectively; 15 dogs were simultaneously co-colonised with both organisms. The mouth and perineum were the most sensitive sites for recovery of these organisms. The most commonly encountered resistances were penicillin (95.2% and 72.4% in S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, respectively) and doxycycline/tetracycline (19.7% in S. pseudintermedius). No methicillin-resistant S. aureus were recovered, but two phenotypically methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates were recovered, although only one was PCR-positive for the mecA gene. Notably the MRSP isolate was multidrug resistant, as it also exhibited resistance to mupirocin and erythromycin. CONCLUSION With the exception of penicillin, doxycycline and tetracycline, the level of resistance to the antimicrobial agents tested was minimal. Prudent antibiotic use in treating companion animals with skin infections will reduce the selection of MRSP and other multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Bean
- Federation University Australia, Faculty of Science & Technology, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
| | - S M Wigmore
- Federation University Australia, Faculty of Science & Technology, PO Box 663, Ballarat, Victoria 3353, Australia
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Ludwig C, de Jong A, Moyaert H, El Garch F, Janes R, Klein U, Morrissey I, Thiry J, Youala M. Antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring of dermatological bacterial pathogens isolated from diseased dogs and cats across Europe (ComPath results). J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1254-1267. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Ludwig
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - A. de Jong
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - H. Moyaert
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | | | | | - U. Klein
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - J. Thiry
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Youala
- CEESA ComPath Study Group; Brussels Belgium
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Daley P, Bajgai J, Penney C, Williams K, Whitney H, Golding GR, Weese S. A cross sectional study of animal and human colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an Aboriginal community. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:595. [PMID: 27430299 PMCID: PMC4950257 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are common among humans in Aboriginal communities in Canada, for unknown reasons. Methods Cross sectional study of humans and dogs in an Aboriginal community of approximately 1200 persons. Our objectives were to measure community-based prevalence of nasal MRSA colonization among humans, use multivariable logistic regression to analyze risk factors for MRSA colonization, and perform molecular typing of Staphylococci isolated to investigate interspecies transmission. Results 461 humans were approached for consent and 442 provided complete data. 109/442 (24.7 %, 95 % C.I. = 20.7–28.7 %) of humans were colonized with MRSA. 169/442 (38.2 %) of humans had received antibiotics in the last 12 months. Only number of rooms in the house (OR 0.86, p = 0.023) and recreational dog use (OR 7.7, p = 0.002) were significant risk factors for MRSA colonization. 95/109 (87.1 %) of MRSA strains from humans were of the same spa type (CMRSA10/USA300). 8/157 (5.1 %, 95 % C.I. = 1.7–8.5 %) of dogs were colonized with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, and no dogs were colonized with MRSA. Conclusions Human MRSA colonization in this community is very common, and a single clone is predominant, suggesting local transmission. Antibiotic use is also very common. Crowding may partially explain high colonization, but most considered risk factors including animal exposure were not predictive. Very few dogs carried human Staphylococcal strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3220-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Daley
- Department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial University, Room 1 J421 300 Prince Phillip Dr, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B 3V6, Canada.
| | - Janak Bajgai
- Department of Community Health, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | - Carla Penney
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Memorial University, St. John's, Canada
| | | | - Hugh Whitney
- Department of Public Health, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Canada
| | | | - Scott Weese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Ruzauskas M, Couto N, Pavilonis A, Klimiene I, Siugzdiniene R, Virgailis M, Vaskeviciute L, Anskiene L, Pomba C. Characterization of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs in Lithuania. Pol J Vet Sci 2016; 19:7-14. [PMID: 27096782 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcus pseudintermedius for its antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors with a special focus on methicillin-resistant (MRSP) strains isolated from sick dogs in Lithuania. Clinically sick adult dogs suffering from infections (n=214) and bitches with reproductive disorders (n=36) from kennels were selected for the study. Samples (n=192) from the 250 tested (76.8%) dogs were positive for Staphylococcus spp. Molecular profiling using the species-specific nuc gene identified 51 isolates as S. pseudintermedius (26.6% from a total number of isolated staphylococci) of which 15 isolates were identified as MRSP. Ten MRSP isolates were isolated from bitches with reproductive disorders from two large breeding kennels. Data on susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to different antimicrobials revealed that all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, daptomycin and linezolid. Two isolates (3.9%) were resistant to rifampicin. A high resistance was seen towards penicillin G (94.1%), tetracycline (64.7%) and macrolides (68.7%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones ranged from 25.5% (gatifloxacin) to 31.4% (ciprofloxacin). The most prevalent genes encoding resistance included blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, mecA, and tet(M). The Luk-I gene encoding a leukotoxin was detected in 29% of the isolates, whereas the siet gene encoding exfoliative toxin was detected in 69% of the S. pseudintermedius isolates. This report of MRSP in companion animals represents a major challenge for veterinarians in terms of antibiotic therapy and is a concern for both animal and public health.
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Human infections due to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an emerging zoonosis of canine origin: report of 24 cases. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:471-6. [PMID: 27241371 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus pseudintermedius has been recently identified as a novel species within the genus Staphylococcus, and is commonly associated with infections in dogs. Currently, there are few reports of human infections due to this bacterium. OBJECTIVE To use a population-based approach to describe the characteristics of human S. pseudintermedius infections in a large Canadian healthcare region. METHODS All adult cases aged ≥18 years identified at a large regional laboratory from April 1, 2013 to April 1, 2015 who had at least one positive culture for S. pseudintermedius were retrospectively reviewed. A combination of phenotypic methods, mass spectrometry (i.e., MALDI-TOF), and cpn60 sequencing were used to identify S. pseudintermedius. Chart review was conducted, and cases were analysed descriptively. RESULTS Twenty-seven isolates of S. pseudintermedius from 24 human cases were included for analysis. 58.3% were male with median age of 61 years (IQR 55-70.5). Most patients [22 (92.1%)] had confirmed contact with dogs at time of infection. S. pseudintermedius was isolated in 18 cases (75.0%) of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and 2 invasive cases (8.3%) including a prosthetic joint and bloodstream infection. The other 4 patients were considered to be colonized (skin - 3; lung - 1). Methicillin resistance was identified in 3 cases with 6 total isolates (22.2%); multi-drug resistance was also demonstrated commonly. CONCLUSION S. pseudintermedius is most commonly associated with SSTIs in humans. Transmission probably occurs from a pet dog. Species-level identification of S. pseudintermedius is important due to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, particularly to methicillin.
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Crawford EC, Singh A, Gibson TW, Weese JS. Biofilm-Associated Gene Expression inStaphylococcus pseudintermediuson a Variety of Implant Materials. Vet Surg 2016; 45:499-506. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Scott Weese
- Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses; Department of Pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada
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Bourguignon E, Viçosa G, Corsini C, Moreira M, Nero L, Conceição L. Description of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from canine pyoderma in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is of worldwide concern in veterinary medicine. The identification of resistant strains is necessary for proper treatment and the prevention of its propagation among animals. This study aimed to identify S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine pyoderma and evaluate their resistance profiles. Lesions from 25 dogs with pyoderma were sampled. Bacterial isolates were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic analysis for identification of the causative agent. S. pseudintermedius isolates were subjected to SmaI macrorestriction analysis and PFGE for genetic grouping, and PCR to identify the presence of the mecA gene. Their resistance profiles against 12 antimicrobials were also assessed. According to the microbiological analysis, 70 of the 75 isolates obtained were S. pseudintermedius. The isolates presented PFGE patterns, with similarity varying between 84.6 and 100%, and were grouped into 19 clusters. Despite a high frequency of mecA-positive isolates (66 out 70), only 12 presented resistances to oxacillin. Multi-resistance was identified in 29 isolates. The high frequency of MRSP isolated in this study highlights the relevance of identifying resistant strains to lead proper clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L.A. Nero
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil
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Hensel N, Zabel S, Hensel P. Prior antibacterial drug exposure in dogs with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) pyoderma. Vet Dermatol 2016; 27:72-8e20. [PMID: 26909526 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has become a significant animal health problem. Recent studies have indicated that previous antibacterial drug exposure is a factor in acquisition of meticillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with prior antimicrobial drug use and MRSP pyoderma in dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Dogs diagnosed with pyoderma associated with MRSP (n = 53) or meticillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP; n = 45). METHODS The medical records of dogs diagnosed with pyoderma associated with isolation of S. pseudintermedius between January 2006 and November 2012 were reviewed. All cases with a complete twelve month to 3 yr drug history prior to the diagnosis were included. RESULTS Fifty two of 53 (98%) MRSP cases and 42 of 45 (93%) MSSP cases had received at least one course of antibacterial drug prior to diagnosis. The total number of antibacterial drug prescriptions provided to pet owners and the variety of antibacterial drug classes represented were higher for cases with MRSP than for cases with MSSP (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.009, respectively). More cases with MRSP (98%) received beta-lactam drugs than those with MSSP (82%; P = 0.007) and the proportion of MRSP cases that had received concurrent immunomodulatory therapy was higher (62% versus 42%; P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE These results suggest that the total number of antibacterial drug prescriptions, exposure to multiple drug classes (beta-lactams in particular) and concurrent immunomodulatory therapy may be associated with increased risk for acquisition of MRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hensel
- Tierdermatologie Basel, Emil Frey-Strasse 127, CH-4142, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Zabel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Patrick Hensel
- Tierdermatologie Basel, Emil Frey-Strasse 127, CH-4142, Münchenstein, Switzerland
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Beça N, Bessa LJ, Mendes Â, Santos J, Leite-Martins L, Matos AJ, da Costa PM. Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2015; 51:365-71. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most prevalent coagulase-positive Staphylococcus inhabitant of the skin and mucosa of dogs and cats, causing skin and soft tissue infections in these animals. In this study, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species were isolated from companion animals, veterinary professionals, and objects from a clinical veterinary environment by using two particular culture media, Baird-Parker RPF agar and CHROMagar Staph aureus. Different morphology features of colonies on the media allowed the identification of the species, which was confirmed by performing a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 23 animals, 15 (65.2%) harbored coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, being 12 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius carriers. Four out of 12 were methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). All veterinary professionals had coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) species on their hands and two out of nine objects sampled harbored MRSP. The antimicrobial-resistance pattern was achieved for all isolates, revealing the presence of many multidrug-resistant CoPS, particularly S. pseudintermedius. The combined analysis of the antimicrobial-resistance patterns shown by the isolates led to the hypothesis that there is a possible crosscontamination and dissemination of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius species between the three types of carriers sampled in this study that could facilitate the spread of the methicillin-resistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Beça
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucinda Janete Bessa
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Mendes
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Leite-Martins
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto J.F. Matos
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Martins da Costa
- From the ICBAS-Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences (P.M.C., N.B., A.M., J.S., L.L-M., A.J.F.M.); and CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research (L.J.B), University of Porto, Portugal
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Complete Genome Sequence and Methylome of Staphylococcus schleiferi, an Important Cause of Skin and Ear Infections in Veterinary Medicine. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/5/e01011-15. [PMID: 26358596 PMCID: PMC4566178 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01011-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus schleiferi, a Gram-positive and coagulase-variable organism, is an opportunistic human pathogen and a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections in dogs. Here, we report the first S. schleiferi genome sequence and methylome from four canine clinical isolates.
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Grönthal T, Ollilainen M, Eklund M, Piiparinen H, Gindonis V, Junnila J, Saijonmaa-Koulumies L, Liimatainen R, Rantala M. Epidemiology of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in guide dogs in Finland. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:37. [PMID: 26183814 PMCID: PMC4504442 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are common multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in dogs. In 2012-2013 three dogs of the Guide Dog School of the Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired were found to be MRSP positive. Guide dogs have regular contact with each other during their first year of life and prolonged contact when in training. Since dogs are placed in different parts of Finland after training, there is a risk for national spread of MDR bacteria. In this study the prevalence of MRSP and MRSA, as well as the risk factors for MRSP were determined in the Finnish guide dog population. MRSP isolates were investigated using molecular methods and compared to the earlier isolates. RESULTS Out of 132 tested dogs 4 were MRSP positive thus giving the prevalence estimate of 3% (95% CI: 1-8%) for MRSP in the target population. MRSA was not detected (prevalence estimate 0%, 95% CI: 0-3%). Risk factors associated with MRSP were being a breeding bitch (OR = 8.4; 95% CI: 1.1-64.1, P = 0.012), the number of veterinary visits (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.0-1.5, P = 0.025) and number of antimicrobial courses (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.0-2.55; P = 0.035). Identified MRSP isolates belonged to five different sequence types (ST45, 71, 402, 403 and 404). All ST71 isolates carried SCCmec II-III, while the SCCmec type of the ST45 and ST402 (a single locus variant of ST45) isolates were non-typeable with the method used. CONCLUSIONS MRSP and MRSA had low prevalence in the studied dog population despite the close contact between dogs, and the MRSP population was heterogenic. Antimicrobial therapy and veterinary visits are risk factors for MRSP even among a small case group.
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Ruzauskas M, Couto N, Kerziene S, Siugzdiniene R, Klimiene I, Virgailis M, Pomba C. Prevalence, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of methicillin-resistant staphylococci in Lithuanian pet animals. Acta Vet Scand 2015; 57:27. [PMID: 26032539 PMCID: PMC4451720 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-015-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial genus Staphylococcus consists of many species that causes infections in pet animals. Antimicrobial resistant staphylococci cause infections that are difficult to treat and they are important from the point of one health perspective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) species, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in diseased pet animals (Group A) and kennel dogs (Group B) in Lithuania and to characterize the isolates according to their antimicrobial resistance. Results Twenty-one MRS isolates were obtained from 395 clinical samples (5.3 %; CI 95 % 3.5-8.0) of Group A animals. Sixteen, four and one isolates were from dogs, cats and a pet rabbit, respectively. The mecA gene was present in 20 isolates, whereas one isolate was positive for the mecC gene. Twenty-one MRS isolates (20.0 %; CI 95 % 13.5-28.6) were obtained from the vagina of female dogs (n = 105) (Group B). All isolates carried the mecA gene. Twelve MRS species were isolated of which S. pseudintermedius was the most common (18/42) followed by S. haemolyticus (8/42) and S. lentus (4/42). MRSA was not found. All MRS strains were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Resistance to tetracycline (16/21), clindamycin (15/21) and erythromycin (14/21) was the most common types of resistance in Group A animals. Three isolates also demonstrated resistance to rifampin. Resistance toward gentamicin (16/21), ciprofloxacin (15/21), macrolides (15/21) and tetracycline (12/21) was the most common in kennel dogs (Group B). The most common genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials (excluding beta-lactams) in isolates from Group A pets were tetK (21/42), aph(3′)-IIIa (11/42) and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia (9/42). Conclusions A wide range of MRS species were found in pet animals in Lithuania. MRSA was not found.
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Santoro D, Marsella R, Pucheu-Haston CM, Eisenschenk MNC, Nuttall T, Bizikova P. Review: Pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis: skin barrier and host-micro-organism interaction. Vet Dermatol 2015; 26:84-e25. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida; 2015 SW 16th Avenue Gainesville FL 32610 USA
| | - Cherie M. Pucheu-Haston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; School of Veterinary Medicine; Louisiana State University; 1909 Skip Bertman Drive Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA
| | | | - Tim Nuttall
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies; Easter Bush Veterinary Centre; University of Edinburgh; Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Petra Bizikova
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; 1060 William Moore Drive Raleigh NC 27606 USA
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Anatomical patterns of colonization of pets with staphylococcal species in homes of people with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin or soft tissue infection (SSTI). Vet Microbiol 2015; 176:202-8. [PMID: 25623014 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), and other pathogenic staphylococci can cause infections in companion animals and humans. Identification of colonized animals is fundamental to research and practice needs, but harmonized methods have not yet been established. To establish the optimal anatomic site for the recovery of methicillin-resistant coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS), survey data and swabs were collected from 196 pets (dogs, cats, reptiles, birds, fish and pocket pets) that lived in households with an MRSA-infected person. Using broth-enrichment culture and PCR for speciation, S. aureus was identified in 27 of 179 (15%) pets sampled at baseline and 19 of 125 (15%) pets sampled at a three-month follow-up home visit. S. pseudintermedius was isolated from 33 of 179 (18%) pets sampled at baseline and 21 of 125 (17%) of pets sampled at follow-up. The baseline MRSA and MRSP prevalence was 8% and 1% respectively from 145 mammalian pets. The follow-up MRSA and MRSP prevalence was 7% and <1% respectively from 95 mammalian pets. The mouth was the most sensitive single site sampled for isolation of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in mammals. In a subset of pets, from which all available isolates were identified, dual carriage of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius was 22% at baseline and 11% at follow-up. These results identify the mouth as the most sensitive site to screen for pathogenic staphylococci and suggest that it should be included in sampling protocols.
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