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Turner MC, Radzikowska U, Ferastraoaru DE, Pascal M, Wesseling P, McCraw A, Backes C, Bax HJ, Bergmann C, Bianchini R, Cari L, de Las Vecillas L, Izquierdo E, Lind-Holm Mogensen F, Michelucci A, Nazarov PV, Niclou SP, Nocentini G, Ollert M, Preusser M, Rohr-Udilova N, Scafidi A, Toth R, Van Hemelrijck M, Weller M, Jappe U, Escribese MM, Jensen-Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN, Poli A. AllergoOncology: Biomarkers and refined classification for research in the allergy and glioma nexus-A joint EAACI-EANO position paper. Allergy 2024; 79:1419-1439. [PMID: 38263898 DOI: 10.1111/all.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between allergic diseases and cancer risk or prognosis in AllergoOncology. Some studies suggest an inverse association, but uncertainties remain, including in IgE-mediated diseases and glioma. Allergic disease stems from a Th2-biased immune response to allergens in predisposed atopic individuals. Allergic disorders vary in phenotype, genotype and endotype, affecting their pathophysiology. Beyond clinical manifestation and commonly used clinical markers, there is ongoing research to identify novel biomarkers for allergy diagnosis, monitoring, severity assessment and treatment. Gliomas, the most common and diverse brain tumours, have in parallel undergone changes in classification over time, with specific molecular biomarkers defining glioma subtypes. Gliomas exhibit a complex tumour-immune interphase and distinct immune microenvironment features. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy hold promise for primary brain tumour treatment, but require more specific and effective approaches. Animal studies indicate allergic airway inflammation may delay glioma progression. This collaborative European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) Position Paper summarizes recent advances and emerging biomarkers for refined allergy and adult-type diffuse glioma classification to inform future epidemiological and clinical studies. Future research is needed to enhance our understanding of immune-glioma interactions to ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Urszula Radzikowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Denisa E Ferastraoaru
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Immunology Department, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra McCraw
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Claudine Backes
- National Cancer Registry (Registre National du Cancer (RNC)), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
- Public Health Expertise Unit, Department of Precision Health, Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention (EPI CAN), Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Heather J Bax
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Christoph Bergmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, RKM740 Interdisciplinary Clinics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frida Lind-Holm Mogensen
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessandro Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Petr V Nazarov
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Scafidi
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Sciences, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reka Toth
- Multiomics Data Science, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular Allergology, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Borstel, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada Nemesio Díez (IMMA), Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute Vienna, University of Veterinary Medecine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Innovation Hub, Guy's Cancer Centre, London, UK
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Wongphutorn P, Worasith C, Kopolrat KY, Homwong C, Sithithaworn J, Eamudomkarn C, Techasen A, Tippayawat P, Pitaksakurat O, Hongsrichan N, Crellen T, Sithithaworn P. Diagnostic performance of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 detection in urine for diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:298. [PMID: 37641157 PMCID: PMC10464225 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of parasite-specific IgG in urine is a sensitive method for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis and gives similar accuracy to serum IgG. However, there are no data concerning detection of IgG subclass in urine. To further explore the utility of diagnosis from urine samples, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of IgG4 in urine compared with parasitological and other immunological methods. METHODS The urine and sera included proven strongyloidiasis (group 1, n = 93), other parasitic infections (group 2, n = 40) and parasite negatives (group 3, n = 93). The performance of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 in urine for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis using fecal examinations as the reference standard was assessed. RESULTS With fecal examination as a gold standard, Strongyloides-specific IgG4 in urine had 91.4% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity while serum IgG4 had 93.6% sensitivity and 91.0% specificity. IgG4 in both urine and serum had almost perfect diagnostic agreements with fecal examination (Cohen's kappa coefficient was > 0.8). Cross-reactivity to Opisthorchis viverrini and Taenia spp. of IgG4 in urine were 7.5% and 12.5% in serum. Concurrent analyses of total IgG in urine and serum showed that the sensitivities (97.9-100%) and specificities (88.7-91.0%) were similar (P > 0.05). The sensitivity for parasitological examination by the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) was 49.5% and that for agar plate culture technique (APC) it was 92.6%. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that specific IgG4 detection in urine yielded similar diagnostic performance to the same biomarkers in serum. This suggests that accurate diagnosis of strongyloidiasis can be performed using urine samples and IgG4 is a valid choice of diagnostic marker. Further assessment is required to assess the utility of urine IgG4 for measuring the response treatment in strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y Kopolrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Chutima Homwong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Opal Pitaksakurat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nuttanan Hongsrichan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thomas Crellen
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Sir Graeme Davies Building, Glasgow, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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The Allergic Phenotype of Children and Adolescents with Selective IgA Deficiency: A Longitudinal Monocentric Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195705. [PMID: 36233573 PMCID: PMC9573591 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common inborn error of immunity. The exact prevalence and pathogenesis of allergy in SIgAD have not yet been defined. We aimed to describe the prevalence and the characteristics of allergy in pediatric SIgAD subjects, evaluate the association between allergy and other comorbidities, and define the immune phenotype of allergic and non-allergic patients. Methods: Clinical and immunological data from 67 SIgAD patients were collected over a 13-year period at a single center. Patients’ characteristics were analyzed according to the presence of allergy. Results: Allergy was diagnosed in 34% of SIgAD patients, with a median age at allergy diagnosis of 8 years. Allergy was the second-most-common clinical manifestation, following recurrent respiratory infections. Among the allergic group, 74% had rhinitis, 30% asthma, 30% atopic dermatitis, and 22% food allergy; one out of three had more than one allergic manifestation. SIgAD patients showed more frequent transitory lymphopenia and a lower count of CD19+ at diagnosis than at last FU. However, compared to non-allergic subjects, allergic patients did not differ in their immune phenotype, number and severity of infections, or increased autoimmunity. Conclusions: In our longitudinal study, compared to non-allergic SIgAD patients, those with allergies did not present a more severe immune defect or complex clinical phenotype. However, evaluation and early identification of allergy in the context of SIgAD assessment, both at diagnosis and during FU, and definition of a proper management are important to prevent complications and improve the patient’s quality of life.
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Alternatives to Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an important public health issue worldwide due to its increasing prevalence and impact on quality of life, school performance, and work productivity. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is used to treat AR and involves repeated injections of allergen extracts. SCIT is used for cases of severe AR with symptoms that are not adequately controlled by medication, when the side effects of medication limit treatment options, or where the aim is to cure rather than symptomatically treat. Although SCIT is effective, it is not necessarily curative. Furthermore, there is also a low but present risk of systemic allergic reactions, with systemic side effects occurring in less than 0–1% of treated patients. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has emerged as an effective and safe alternative to SCIT. SCIT and SLIT are the only immunotherapies currently available for AR. In addition to sublingual administration as an alternative to SCIT, other routes of antigen administration have been attempted with the goal of increasing safety while maintaining efficacy. This review discusses the efficacies of SCIT and SLIT, their mechanisms, the utility of intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) as an alternative route of antigen administration, and the potential for immunotherapy using other routes of antigen administration.
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Specjalski K, Maciejewska A, Romantowski J, Pawłowski R, Jassem E, Niedoszytko M. miRNA profiles change during grass pollen immunotherapy irrespective of clinical outcome. Immunotherapy 2022; 14:433-444. [DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to determine the expression of 48 miRNAs in patients with AR undergoing grass pollen SCIT and investigate relations with clinical outcomes. Methodology: Expression of selected miRNAs was determined using RT-PCR in the full blood of 16 patients with AR and seven healthy controls. Results: miR-136, miR-208 and miR-190 were upregulated in the AR group. After 6 months of SCIT, significant downregulation of some proinflammatory miRNAs and upregulation of several miRNAs regulating Th1/Th2 balance were found. No differences were found between good and poor responders. Conclusion: miRNAs may play a regulatory role in SCIT, leading to tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Specjalski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdansk, 80-952, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Maciejewska
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debowa 23, Gdansk, 80-208, Poland
| | - Jan Romantowski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdansk, 80-952, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pawłowski
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Debowa 23, Gdansk, 80-208, Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdansk, 80-952, Poland
| | - Marek Niedoszytko
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, Gdansk, 80-952, Poland
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Bøgelund M, Ingelmo AR, Ruiz JMA, Vivó AG, Brandi H, Pedersen MH, Loftager ASL, Aagren M. Preference for sublingual immunotherapy with tablets in a Spanish population with allergic rhinitis. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12118. [PMID: 35140910 PMCID: PMC8814907 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated patients' preference for allergy immunotherapy (AIT) administered as either sublingual immunotherapy-tablets versus monthly or weekly subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) from a Spanish patient perspective. METHODS A discrete choice experiment (DCE) consisting of two blocks with eight choice sets in each was constructed to elicit the preferences for AIT. Three attributes were included in the DCE for the mode of administration, including the frequency of administration, the risk of systemic reactions and the co-payment. Adults and caregivers of children with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR) were included if they were not currently receiving or had not previously received AIT. RESULTS In total, 587 adults and 613 caregivers started the survey. Of those, 579 adults and 611 caregivers completed the survey and were included in the study. Both adults and caregivers had a significant preference for tablets compared with both monthly and weekly injections (p ≤ 0.0001). Furthermore, the respondents showed a significant preference for reducing the risk of systemic reactions. Subgroup analyses showed that caregivers of polyallergic children and female caregivers were significantly less price sensitive when choosing their preferred treatment. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that both adults with AR and caregivers of children with AR prefer daily SLIT-tablets to SCIT with either a weekly or monthly dose schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Henrik Brandi
- Global Market Access & Public AffairsALKHørsholmDenmark
- Global Pricing & Market AccessLEO PharmaBallerupDenmark
| | | | | | - Mark Aagren
- Global Market Access & Public AffairsALKHørsholmDenmark
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Engeroff P, Vogel M. The Potential of Exosomes in Allergy Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010133. [PMID: 35062793 PMCID: PMC8780385 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a global health and economic burden of increasing significance. The lack of disease-modifying therapies besides specific allergen immunotherapy (AIT) which is not available for all types of allergies, necessitates the study of novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes are small endosome-derived vesicles delivering cargo between cells and thus allowing inter-cellular communication. Since immune cells make use of exosomes to boost, deviate, or suppress immune responses, exosomes are intriguing candidates for immunotherapy. Here, we review the role of exosomes in allergic sensitization and inflammation, and we discuss the mechanisms by which exosomes could potentially be used in immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of allergic diseases. We propose the following approaches: (a) Mast cell-derived exosomes expressing IgE receptor FcεRI could absorb IgE and down-regulate systemic IgE levels. (b) Tolerogenic exosomes could suppress allergic immune responses via induction of regulatory T cells. (c) Exosomes could promote TH1-like responses towards an allergen. (d) Exosomes could modulate IgE-facilitated antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Engeroff
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Monique Vogel
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital for Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergology, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Nikolov G, Todordova Y, Emilova R, Hristova D, Nikolova M, Petrunov B. Allergen-Specific IgE and IgG4 as Biomarkers for Immunologic Changes during Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:antib10040049. [PMID: 34940001 PMCID: PMC8698535 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Biomarkers of efficacy for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) on allergic rhinitis have not been evaluated in details. The present study aims to assess the relevance of measuring of sIgE, sIgG4 and IgE/IgG4 ratio during SCIT in patients with allergic rhinitis; (2) Methods: 20 patients, 13 men and 7 women aged 19 to 58 years, with clinically manifested seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis were studied. At the initiation and in the end of the three-year course of SCIT serum allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 were measured with ImmunoCAP system. The sIgE/sIgG4 ratio was calculated as a biomarker for immunologic effectiveness; (3) Results: There was a significant increase of sIgG4 antibodies (p < 0.05), while at the end of SCIT for the sIgE levels no significant changes were seen (p > 0.05). Moreover, 90% of patients showed a decrease of the IgE/IgG4 ratio; (4) Conclusions: In most of treated patients with AR, SCIT with Bulgarian allergen products leads to clear immunological changes. After a 3-year of SCIT there is a significant increase in allergen specific IgG4 levels and both decrease of sIgE and IgE/IgG4 ratio. sIgE, sIgG4 and IgE/IgG4 ratio can be used as a substantial biomarker for predicting immunological effectiveness of SCIT.
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Tankersley M, Winders T, Aagren M, Brandi H, Pedersen MH, Loftager ASL, Bøgelund M. Subcutaneous immunotherapy takes more than the time in the clinic. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:1925-1931. [PMID: 34490806 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1976126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the time use and both direct and indirect costs associated with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for adults with allergic rhinitis (AR) and caregivers of children with AR in the US. METHODS We conducted a survey to assess the retrospective time use and direct costs of SCIT. The populations surveyed included adults and caregivers of children (aged 5-17) with symptomatic AR of moderate or higher severity who are currently receiving or have previously started allergy immunotherapy (AIT). The retrospectively collected, self-reported time consumption and direct costs per clinic visit when receiving SCIT were assessed as well as the productivity loss associated with SCIT. Data were analyzed using univariate descriptive statistics. RESULTS The study included 106 adults with AR and 191 caregivers of children with AR. We found that the median time spent per visit to the clinic was 50 min for both groups, including travel time and time at the clinic. The direct costs related to each visit included parking fees, road tolls and other costs. Adults spent $10 on parking, $9 on tolls and $10 on other costs. Finally, a median of 4 h of work was missed for both the adult patients and the adults accompanying a child. CONCLUSIONS We found that SCIT is associated with substantial direct patient costs and productivity loss for both adults with AR and caregivers of children with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Tankersley
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, The Tankersley Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tonya Winders
- Allergy & Asthma Network, USA and President, Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
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IFNG, FCER1A, PCDHB10 expression as a new potential marker of efficacy in grass pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:665-672. [PMID: 34658711 PMCID: PMC8501422 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is the core treatment in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Although widely used, some patients do not benefit from treatment and there is no efficacy objective marker. Aim To define the profile of gene transcripts during the build-up phase of AIT and their comparison to the control group and then search for a viable efficacy marker in relation to patient symptoms. Material and methods AIT was administered in 22 patients allergic to grass pollen. Analysis of 15 selected transcript expression was performed in whole blood samples taken before AIT (sample A) and after reaching the maintenance dose (sample B). The control group included 25 healthy volunteers (sample C). The primary endpoint was Relative Quantification. The gene expression analysis was followed by clinical evaluation with the use of Allergy Control Score (ACS). Results Comparison between samples A and B of gene expression showed a significant increase in IFNG expression (p = 0.03). In relation to the control group, pretreatment samples from patients showed higher levels of AFAP1L1 (p = 0.006), COMMD8 (p = 0.001), PIK3CD (p = 0.027) and TWIST2 (p = 0.0003) in univariate analysis. A generalized linear regression model was built according to the Bayesian Information Criterion based on the IFNG, FCER1A and PCDHB10 expression pattern for prediction of the AIT outcome. The model showed a correlation in predicted and observed changes in ACS. Conclusions There is a significant change in the expression of IFNG during the build-up phase of AIT. The authors propose an in vitro model of AIT efficacy prediction for further validation.
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Morawska I, Kurkowska S, Bębnowska D, Hrynkiewicz R, Becht R, Michalski A, Piwowarska-Bilska H, Birkenfeld B, Załuska-Ogryzek K, Grywalska E, Roliński J, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. The Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of Atopic Diseases in Selective IgA Deficiency. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3809. [PMID: 34501259 PMCID: PMC8432128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (sIgAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency disease (PID), with an estimated occurrence from about 1:3000 to even 1:150, depending on population. sIgAD is diagnosed in adults and children after the 4th year of age, with immunoglobulin A level below 0.07 g/L and normal levels of IgM and IgG. Usually, the disease remains undiagnosed throughout the patient's life, due to its frequent asymptomatic course. If symptomatic, sIgAD is connected to more frequent viral and bacterial infections of upper respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as autoimmune and allergic diseases. Interestingly, it may also be associated with other PIDs, such as IgG subclasses deficiency or specific antibodies deficiency. Rarely sIgAD can evolve to common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID). It should also be remembered that IgA deficiency may occur in the course of other conditions or result from their treatment. It is hypothesized that allergic diseases (e.g., eczema, rhinitis, asthma) are more common in patients diagnosed with this particular PID. Selective IgA deficiency, although usually mildly symptomatic, can be difficult for clinicians. The aim of the study is to summarize the connection between selective IgA deficiency and atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Morawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Sara Kurkowska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Dominika Bębnowska
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St., 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Rafał Hrynkiewicz
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c St., 71-412 Szczecin, Poland; (D.B.); (R.H.)
| | - Rafał Becht
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Bożena Birkenfeld
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (S.K.); (H.P.-B.); (B.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Załuska-Ogryzek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunotherapy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.M.); (A.M.); (E.G.); (J.R.)
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Liao Y, Zhong J, Liu S, Dai M, Liu Y, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang D, Lai D, Lu T, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. Yu ping feng san for pediatric allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24534. [PMID: 33787571 PMCID: PMC8021384 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential treatment effects and safety of Yu ping feng san (YPFS) for pediatric allergic rhinitis (PAR) patients have yet to be studied systematically. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects and safety of YPFS for treat pediatric patients, allergic rhinitis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE (Excerpta Medical Database), Cochrane library, Chinese Cochrane Centre's Controlled Trials Register platform, Wanfang Chinese Digital Periodical and Conference Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and VIP Chinese Science, from inception dates to November 1, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The risk of bias in the trials was assessed in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook, version 5.1.0. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was applied to evaluate the evidence quality for each outcome. The quality of evidence for each outcome measurement was low for 4 outcomes and very low for 5 outcomes. RESULTS A total of 10 RCTs involving 1069 participants (3-15 years old) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. After exclusion, 8 RCTs were pooled for efficacy assessment. The overall efficacy evaluation result did not show benefit for the experimental group (relative risk 0.32, CI 95% 0.24-0.45; P = .98;) Investigation of variation of serum IgA, immunoglobulin E, IgG in three studies in 2 groups returned no statistical significance. YPFS gave relatively better safety (relative risk 0.29, CI 95% 0.14-0.58; P = .0005; Fig. S8, http://links.lww.com/MD/F751) and lower recurrence rates than did Western medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence cannot support the routine use of YPFS for treatment of PAR. This may be due to poor-quality study-design limitations of the included YPFS studies. Our data showed that the use of YPFS for PAR is relatively safe compared to Western medical therapy, but a conclusion could not be drawn because only 5 studies were analyzed. Every study suffered from some methodological limitation. Therefore, further large, rigorously-designed studies are necessary to determine conclusively the utility of YPFS in PAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi
| | - Juan Zhong
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Menglin Dai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yang Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xinrong Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yepeng Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dazheng Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Dujiangyan medical centre
- China qingcheng medical research laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Dan Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 TaiPing Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Department One, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive and Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Petrova SY, Khlgatian SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Vasilyeva AV, Berzhets VM. DNA vaccines and recombinant allergens with reduced allergenic activity treat allergies. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2021.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is intended to familiarize readers with major novel directions of developing allergy vaccines, their structure, as well as the mechanisms of forming a new immunological response in the course of the treating immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases. Currently, science offers a huge variety of new experimental forms of recombinant allergens with reduced allergenic activity and increased immunogenicity, or vice-versa, immune tolerance. Often, the mechanisms of their effect on the immune system are not fully understood. Scientific publications, including reviews covering this topic, allowed us identifying top priority areas in the development of allergy vaccines: recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives, T cell epitope-based allergy vaccines, and B cell epitope-based allergy vaccines. In addition, the review discusses use of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines. Immunotherapy with DNA vaccines is the newest and least studied method of treating allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena V. Svirshchevskaya
- M.M. Shemyakin – Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
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Yao Y, Chen C, Yu D, Liu Z. Roles of follicular helper and regulatory T cells in allergic diseases and allergen immunotherapy. Allergy 2021; 76:456-470. [PMID: 33098663 DOI: 10.1111/all.14639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are characterized by overactive type 2 immune responses to allergens and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity. Emerging evidence suggests that follicular helper T (TFH ) cells, rather than type 2 T-helper (TH 2) cells, play a crucial role in controlling IgE production. However, follicular regulatory T (TFR ) cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T (TREG ) cells resident in B-cell follicles, restricts TFH cell-mediated help in extrafollicular antibody production, germinal center (GC) formation, immunoglobulin affinity maturation, and long-lived, high-affinity plasma and memory B-cell differentiation. In mouse models of allergic asthma and food allergy, CXCR5+ TFH cells, not CXCR5- conventional TH 2 cells, are needed to support IgE production, otherwise exacerbated by CXCR5+ TFR cell deletion. Upregulation of TFH cell activities, including a skewing toward type 2 TFH (TFH 2) and IL-13 producing TFH (TFH 13) phenotypes, and defects in TFR cells have been identified in patients with allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) reinstates the balance between TFH and TFR cells in patients with allergic diseases, resulting in clinical benefits. Collectively, further understanding of TFH and TFR cells and their role in the immunopathogenesis of allergic diseases creates opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Cai‐Ling Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Di Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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Aw Yong PY, Islam F, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tan JW, Tham CL. The Potential use of Honey as a Remedy for Allergic Diseases: A Mini Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599080. [PMID: 33574752 PMCID: PMC7870997 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey has been conventionally consumed as food. However, its therapeutic properties have also gained much attention due to its application as a traditional medicine. Therapeutic properties of honey such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and wound healing have been widely reported. A number of interesting studies have reported the potential use of honey in the management of allergic diseases. Allergic diseases including anaphylaxis, asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) are threatening around 20% of the world population. Although allergic reactions are somehow controllable with different drugs such as antihistamines, corticosteroids and mast cell stabilizers, modern dietary changes linked with allergic diseases have prompted studies to assess the preventive and therapeutic merits of dietary nutrients including honey. Many scientific evidences have shown that honey is able to relieve the pathological status and regulate the recruitment of inflammatory cells in cellular and animal models of allergic diseases. Clinically, a few studies demonstrated alleviation of allergic symptoms in patients after application or consumption of honey. Therefore, the objective of this mini review is to discuss the effectiveness of honey as a treatment or preventive approach for various allergic diseases. This mini review will provide insights into the potential use of honey in the management of allergic diseases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poi Yi Aw Yong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Fahmida Islam
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ji Wei Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chen YY, Li MS, Yun X, Xia F, Hu MJ, Jin T, Cao MJ, Lai D, Chen G, Liu GM. Site-Directed Mutations of Calcium-Binding Sites Contribute to Reducing the Immunoreactivity of the EF-Hand Sarcoplasmic Calcium-Binding Protein in Scylla paramamosain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:428-436. [PMID: 33377774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce the immunoreactivity of sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP), site-directed mutations were used to replace key amino acids in the conformational epitopes and calcium-binding sites. The mutant SCPs (mSCPs) were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their immunoreactivities were analyzed using iELISA and basophil activation assays. Furthermore, the structural changes of mSCPs were determined from the circular dichroism spectra. The iELISA results showed that mSCPs could effectively inhibit the binding of wild-type SCP (wtSCP) to sensitive serum, with inhibition rates that reached 90%. Moreover, mSCPs could downregulate the expression levels of CD63 and CD203c on the basophil surface. Compared with wtSCP, the peak values were significantly changed, and the calcium binding ability was impaired, which explained the decline in immunoreactivities of the mSCPs. All of the data confirmed that this approach was effective in reducing the immunoreactivity of SCP and could be applied to other shellfish allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Meng-Si Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xiao Yun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Meng-Jun Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Dong Lai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Guixia Chen
- Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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Tankersley M, Winders T, Aagren M, Brandi H, Hasse Pedersen M, Ledgaard Loftager AS, Bøgelund M. Preference for Immunotherapy with Tablets by People with Allergic Rhinitis. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:2539-2549. [PMID: 34819723 PMCID: PMC8608245 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s338337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with allergic rhinitis (AR) who are not controlled on conventional therapy can be treated using allergy immunotherapy (AIT) administered as tablets, injections or drops. In the US, the use of sublingual immunotherapy as tablets (SLIT-tablets) is limited in comparison to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). OBJECTIVE This study investigated patients' preference for SLIT-tablets vs monthly or weekly SCIT from a US patient perspective. METHODS We carried out a discrete choice experiment (DCE) consisting of two blocks with eight choice sets. Adults and caregivers of children with moderate-to-severe AR were included if they had not previously or were not currently receiving AIT. Three attributes were included in the design: the mode and frequency of administration, the risk of systemic reactions and the co-payment. RESULTS A total of 724 adults with AR and 665 caregivers of children with AR were included in the study. Both adults and caregivers had a significant preference for SLIT-tablets compared with both weekly and monthly injections and for less risk of anaphylactic shock. Caregivers were more risk-averse than adults when choosing their treatment, and the younger the child, the more risk-averse the caregiver. The preference for SLIT-tablets was found for both monoallergic and polyallergic adults and caregivers of monoallergic and polyallergic children. Respondents not wanting AIT for free were more risk-averse than those indicating that they wanted AIT for free. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that SLIT-tablets is the preferred route of administration for AIT among adults and caregivers of children with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Tankersley
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tankersley Clinic, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tonya Winders
- Allergy & Asthma Network, Vienna, VA, USA
- Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Aagren
- Department of Global Market Access & Public Affairs, ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Henrik Brandi
- Department of Global Market Access & Public Affairs, ALK, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mette Bøgelund
- Incentive Denmark, Holte, Denmark
- Correspondence: Mette Bøgelund Tel +45 2916 1222 Email
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Zhang J, Liu W, Zhang R, Zhao X, Fang L, Qin X, Gu R, Lu J, Li G. Hypoallergenic mutants of the major oyster allergen Cra g 1 alleviate oyster tropomyosin allergenic potency. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1973-1983. [PMID: 32758611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Design of hypoallergen with low IgE reactivity is desirable for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Despite oyster tropomyosin (Cra g 1) is considered as the major allergen, no immunotherapy is available now. In the current research, we generated hypoallergens of Cra g 1 and evaluated their allergenicity. Four hypoallergenic derivatives were constructed by epitope deletion or site-directed mutagenesis on grounds of the identified epitopes. They showed obvious reduction in reactivity towards IgE from oyster-allergic patients and Cra g 1-sensitized BN rats, as well as significant decrease in degranulation and secretion of allergic mediators including histamine, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, to further investigate the molecular mechanism, we examined the effects of these variants on FcεRI-dependent signalling pathway in IgE-challenged RBL-2H3 cells. We found that the hypoallergenic mutants were able to attenuate FcεRI-mediated signaling cascades in tested cells. These results indicate that the hypoallergenic molecules have ideal characteristics and offer a promising new strategy in clinical immunotherapy for shellfish-allergic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Wenying Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Xiuyuan Qin
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Ruizeng Gu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Jun Lu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
| | - Guoming Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein & Functional Peptides, China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries, Beijing 100015, PR China.
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Gorovits B. Current Considerations for Immunoglobulin Isotype Characterization of Antibody Response against Biotherapeutics. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:144. [PMID: 33161459 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of biotherapeutics to induce immune response in patients has been broadly accepted. Humoral immune response to biotherapeutics is expected to be polyclonal in nature with a high degree of diversity, including treatment-induced anti-drug antibodies (ADA) immunoglobulin isotype composition. Therapeutics with strong potential to induce immunity may produce a T cell-dependent response resulting in a gradual transition from initial IgM based to mature, IgG-based ADAs. Immunoglobulin class switch and transition to high affinity IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies were linked to a reduced drug efficacy, accelerated clearance, development of drug neutralizing antibodies, and modulation of hypersensitivity reaction rates. Examples presented herein demonstrate that understanding of isotype composition of ADA response can be highly important to predict future of disease progression. Isotype characterization of ADA response can be viewed highly useful, particularly for high immunogenicity risk biotherapeutics although may be less relevant or used as a research tool only for medium and low immunogenicity risk level therapeutics. Isotype-specific characteristics, methods of detection, and several case studies are presented herein.
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Amat F, Labbé A. [Allergic immunotherapy in children and adolescents]. REVUE FRANCAISE D ALLERGOLOGIE 2020; 60:554-558. [PMID: 32922566 PMCID: PMC7474839 DOI: 10.1016/j.reval.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L’immunothérapie spécifique allergénique nécessite l’administration répétée d’allergènes dans le but de provoquer une tolérance clinique et immunologique. C’est la seule thérapeutique à visée étiologique qui permet de modifier l’évolution de la maladie en assurant une rémission après l’interruption de la procédure. La prévention de nouvelles sensibilisations par l’immunothérapie reste discutée. Nous envisagerons dans cette revue les principaux mécanismes immunologiques et les indications de l’immunothérapie chez l’enfant et l’adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amat
- Service de pneumologie et d'allergologie pédiatrique-CRCM, hôpital Robert-Debré, Inserm UMRS1136 EPAR, Paris, France
| | - A Labbé
- UFR de médecine et des professions paramédicales, université Clermont-Auvergne, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The establishment of long-term clinical tolerance in AIT requires the involvement of basophils, mast cells, allergen-specific regulatory T and B cells, downregulation of effector type 2 responses, and increase in production of specific IgG, particularly immunglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibodies. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of B cells in AIT, their mechanism of action, and their potential for improving AIT. RECENT FINDINGS In-depth research of B cells has paved the way for improved diagnosis and research on allergic diseases. B cells play a central role in allergy and allergen tolerance through the production of immunglobulin E (IgE)-blocking antibodies. However, an increasing body of evidence has emerged supporting a role for B cells in regulating immune responses that extends beyond the production of antibodies. Regulatory B cells play an important role in immunosuppression, mediated by secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. SUMMARY Successful AIT establishes the reinstatement of immune tolerance toward allergens, reduces allergic symptoms, and improves clinical treatments in patients. B cells play a central role in this process through antibody-independent immune regulatory processes in addition to the production of IgE-blocking antibodies.
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Meunier S, de Bourayne M, Hamze M, Azam A, Correia E, Menier C, Maillère B. Specificity of the T Cell Response to Protein Biopharmaceuticals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1550. [PMID: 32793213 PMCID: PMC7387651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-drug antibody (ADA) response is an undesired humoral response raised against protein biopharmaceuticals (BPs) which can dramatically disturb their therapeutic properties. One particularity of the ADA response resides in the nature of the immunogens, which are usually human(ized) proteins and are therefore expected to be tolerated. CD4 T cells initiate, maintain and regulate the ADA response and are therefore key players of this immune response. Over the last decade, advances have been made in characterizing the T cell responses developed by patients treated with BPs. Epitope specificity and phenotypes of BP-specific T cells have been reported and highlight the effector and regulatory roles of T cells in the ADA response. BP-specific T cell responses are assessed in healthy subjects to anticipate the immunogenicity of BP prior to their testing in clinical trials. Immunogenicity prediction, also called preclinical immunogenicity assessment, aims at identifying immunogenic BPs and immunogenic BP sequences before any BP injection in humans. All of the approaches that have been developed to date rely on the detection of BP-specific T cells in donors who have never been exposed to BPs. The number of BP-specific T cells circulating in the blood of these donors is therefore limited. T cell assays using cells collected from healthy donors might reveal the weak tolerance induced by BPs, whose endogenous form is expressed at a low level. These BPs have a complete human sequence, but the level of their endogenous form appears insufficient to promote the negative selection of autoreactive T cell clones. Multiple T cell epitopes have also been identified in therapeutic antibodies and some other BPs. The pattern of identified T cell epitopes differs across the antibodies, notwithstanding their humanized, human or chimeric nature. However, in all antibodies, the non-germline amino acid sequences mainly found in the CDRs appear to be the main driver of immunogenicity, provided they can be presented by HLA class II molecules. Considering the fact that the BP field is expanding to include new formats and gene and cell therapies, we face new challenges in understanding and mastering the immunogenicity of new biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie de Bourayne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Moustafa Hamze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélien Azam
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Correia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine Menier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bernard Maillère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Enriched-Baicalein Attenuates Allergy in Cells and Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4780210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enriched-baicalein (baicalein) from baicalin was prepared by fermentation of an SB extract with mycelium of Laetiporus sulphureus. To investigate the pharmacologic effects of baicalein, its antiallergic effect was measured in vitro and in vivo. Allergy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) into Balb/c mice. As a result, baicalein showed antiallergic effects by inhibiting the release of β-hexosaminidase from immunoglobulin E- (IgE-) stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells without cytotoxicity after the methodology. After four weeks, the decrease of OVA-specific IgE level, decrease of histamine and tryptase level in serum, and then the decrease of the levels of T helper type 2 (Th2) cell-derived cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-13 in the splenocyte were observed. In a histological analysis for lung, baicalein excellently reduced eosinophil infiltration with the inhibition of characteristic lesions and inflammation including OVA-induced necrosis, numbers of inflammatory cells, and pulmonary edema. Therefore, these results showed that baicalein had excellent efficacy in the antiallergic activity.
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Pelst MP, Höbart C, Wallaeys C, De Rooster H, Gansemans Y, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Devriendt B, Cox E. Adjuvanting Allergen Extracts for Sublingual Immunotherapy: Calcitriol Downregulates CXCL8 Production in Primary Sublingual Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1033. [PMID: 32582164 PMCID: PMC7295906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of allergens onto the sublingual epithelium is used to desensitize allergic individuals, a treatment known as sublingual immunotherapy. However, the response of sublingual epithelial cells to house dust mite allergen and potential tolerance-promoting adjuvants such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and calcitriol has not been investigated. In order to study this, primary sublingual epithelial cells were isolated from dogs and cultured in vitro. After 24-h incubation with a Dermatophagoides farinae extract, a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract, TLR2 ligands (FSL-1, heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes, Pam3CSK4), a TLR3 ligand (poly I:C), a TLR4 ligand [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), viability of the cells was analyzed using an MTT test, and their secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, CXCL8, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, to evaluate its potential effect as an adjuvant, sublingual epithelial cells were incubated with calcitriol in combination with a D. farinae extract followed by measurement of CXCL8 secretion. Furthermore, the effect of D. farinae and calcitriol on the transcriptome was assessed by RNA sequencing. The viability of the sublingual epithelial cells was significantly decreased by poly I:C, but not by the other stimuli. CXCL8 secretion was significantly increased by D. farinae extract and all TLR ligands apart from LPS. Calcitriol significantly decreased CXCL8 secretion, and coadministration with D. farinae extract reduced CXCL8 concentrations to levels seen in unstimulated sublingual epithelial cells. Although detectable, TGF-β1 secretion could not be modulated by any of the stimuli. Interleukin 6 and IL-10 could not be detected at the protein or at the mRNA level. It can be concluded that a D. farinae extract and TLR ligands augment the secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL8, which might interfere with sublingual desensitization. On the other hand, CXCL8 secretion was reduced by coapplication of calcitriol and a D. farinae extract. Calcitriol therefore seems to be a suitable candidate to be used as adjuvant during sublingual immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Pelst
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Clara Höbart
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Wallaeys
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde De Rooster
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yannick Gansemans
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Tani-Ishii N, Muromachi K, Mutoh N, Suzuki J, Shimojima K, Fujimaki R, Kezuka H, Koba T, Ta K. Effect of salivary secretion with mouthguard use on seasonal allergic rhinitis symptom improvement. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:205-211. [PMID: 32407887 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It was shown that mucosal immunity via salivary IgA may be related to the improvement of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms, and improvement of SAR symptoms through saliva flow increase has been reported in patients using mouthguard (MG) in dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of MG use on SAR symptom improvement and to clarify the role of saliva on SAR symptom development. METHODS We recruited patients from the Kanagawa Dental University Hospital including 38 and 8 patients with SAR and non-SAR symptoms during two seasons from March 2017 to April 2018. We analyzed the saliva flow rate pre- and post-MG use and measured the amount of IgA and IgG4 in the saliva. We assessed the correlation between SAR symptoms and MG use. SAR symptoms were examined according to a specific clinical score. RESULTS It was revealed that salivary IgA concentration was significantly lower in SAR patients than in controls. SAR symptoms significantly improved with MG use. The saliva flow rate and IgA levels significantly increased with MG use, although the IgG4 levels did not change. CONCLUSIONS MG use may be beneficial for improving the symptoms of SAR patients by increasing the IgA levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR: UMIN000026428) on 6thMarch 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Muromachi
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Noriko Mutoh
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Jiro Suzuki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimojima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fujimaki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Hajime Kezuka
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Taiki Koba
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
| | - Kyo Ta
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, 2388580, Japan
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Lam H, Tergaonkar V, Ahn K. Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and food allergies. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR20200256. [PMID: 32186703 PMCID: PMC7109000 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only potential treatment for allergies including allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergies (FA) that can modify the underlying course of the diseases. Although AIT has been performed for over a century, the precise and detailed mechanism for AIT is still unclear. Previous clinical trials have reported that successful AIT induces the reinstatement of tolerance against the specific allergen. In this review, we aim to provide an updated summary of the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of IgE-mediated AR and FA as well as the immunological changes observed after AIT and discuss on how better understanding of these can lead to possible identification of biomarkers and novel strategies for AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yan Lam
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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A WAO - ARIA - GA 2LEN consensus document on molecular-based allergy diagnosis (PAMD@): Update 2020. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100091. [PMID: 32180890 PMCID: PMC7062937 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision allergy molecular diagnostic applications (PAMD@) is increasingly entering routine care. Currently, more than 130 allergenic molecules from more than 50 allergy sources are commercially available for in vitro specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) testing. Since the last publication of this consensus document, a great deal of new information has become available regarding this topic, with over 100 publications in the last year alone. It thus seems quite reasonable to publish an update. It is imperative that clinicians and immunologists specifically trained in allergology keep abreast of the new and rapidly evolving evidence available for PAMD@. PAMD@ may initially appear complex to interpret; however, with increasing experience, the information gained provides relevant information for the allergist. This is especially true for food allergy, Hymenoptera allergy, and for the selection of allergen immunotherapy. Nevertheless, all sIgE tests, including PAMD@, should be evaluated within the framework of a patient's clinical history, because allergen sensitization does not necessarily imply clinical relevant allergies.
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Halken S, Roberts G, Valovirta E, Nolte H, Hulstrøm V, Blaiss MS. Safety of Timothy Grass Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablet in Children: Pooled Analyses of Clinical Trials. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 8:1387-1393.e2. [PMID: 31954191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timothy grass sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) tablets are indicated for children with allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis. OBJECTIVE To use pooled analyses to assess the short- and long-term tolerability and safety of timothy grass SLIT-tablet in children. METHODS Data from 9 double-blinded, randomized European or North American trials that included children with allergic rhinitis with or without conjunctivitis treated up to 3 years with once-daily timothy grass SLIT-tablet or placebo were pooled. RESULTS In all, 1818 (timothy grass SLIT-tablet, n = 923; placebo, n = 895) subjects were included in the analysis. The frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) was 86% in the SLIT-tablet group and 83% in the placebo group, and the frequency of treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) was 59% and 23%, respectively. Most (98%) TRAEs were mild to moderate in severity. The 2 most common TRAEs with SLIT-tablet were oral pruritus (33%) and throat irritation (19%), which had a median onset of 1 day and recurrence of 14.5 and 5 days, respectively. In all, 8% of subjects in the SLIT-tablet group and 2% in the placebo group discontinued because of AEs. There were 7 serious AEs assessed as related to SLIT-tablet, 1 systemic allergic reaction (severe with a drop in blood pressure), 3 epinephrine administrations, no eosinophilic esophagitis events, and no serious airway obstructions. The safety profile was similar in subjects across geographic regions and with and without asthma. CONCLUSIONS Pooled data indicate that short- and long-term timothy grass SLIT-tablet is well tolerated in children, regardless of geographic region. AEs were generally local, mild, and transient allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Graham Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport Isle of Wight, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Erkka Valovirta
- Department of Lung Disease and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku and Terveystalo Allergy Clinic, Turku, Finland
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Tankersley M, Han JK, Nolte H. Clinical aspects of sublingual immunotherapy tablets and drops. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 124:573-582. [PMID: 31923544 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is administered via tablets (SLIT-T) or liquid drops (SLIT-D). In North America, currently 4 SLIT-T formulations are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for allergy immunotherapy, and SLIT-D is an off-label use of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) extracts. OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast aspects of SLIT-T and SLIT-D, including physical characteristics, mechanism of action, dosing, efficacy, safety, adherence, and cost. DATA SOURCES PubMed literature review (no limits), product prescribing information, and manufacturer websites. STUDY SELECTIONS Publications related to physical characteristics, mechanism of action, dosing, efficacy, safety, and adherence. RESULTS Published evidence indicates that tablet and drop formulations differ in regard to physical characteristics, dosing, and strength of evidence for efficacy. Whether there are any differences in absorption and mechanism of action between the 2 formulations is currently unknown. Optimal dosing, efficacy, and safety have been established for SLIT-T. In contrast, in North America there is little support for efficacy of SLIT-D from randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, and dose ranges have not been appropriately evaluated. SLIT-T treats a single allergen, whereas in the United States SLIT-D often contains multiple allergens to treat polysensitization. The safety profiles of SLIT-T and SLIT-D appear similar, and both formulations are considered safer than SCIT. CONCLUSION Professional guidelines should make a clear distinction between SLIT-T and SLIT-D in their recommendations to minimize confusion with the umbrella term SLIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Tankersley
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Otolaryngology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; The Tankersley Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Joseph K Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Rhinology and Endoscopic Sinus-Skull Base Surgery, Division of Allergy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
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Guo Y, Fang J, Ma J, Li G, Zhang L, He J, Xu L, Lai X, Yin W, Xiong Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Pan G, Chen Z. Correlation between use of immunosuppressive agents and transplant-acquired allergies in renal transplant recipients. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:442-447. [PMID: 31807421 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.09.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although immunosuppressive agents used in recipients of organ transplants can suppress T cell immune responses, type I allergy to ingested or inhaled allergens after organ transplantation have frequently been reported in pediatric patients. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the use of immunosuppressive agents and the transplant-acquired allergy (TAA) in adult renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Methods Seventy-nine RTRs treated in our hospital from February 2015 to February 2016 were interviewed for allergic diseases by using a standard questionnaire. UniCAP allergen screening tests were performed to detect total IgE and specific IgE levels before and after renal transplantation after the use of calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) or cyclosporin A (CsA). The follow-up visits were scheduled for 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after transplantation. Results Allergen sensitization occurred in 9 of 79 patients. Among them, the sensitization occurred in 2 cases within 6 months after renal transplantation, in 1 case from 6 months to 1 year, in 3 cases from 1 to 2 years, and in 3 cases from 2 to 3 years. The majority of sensitization was induced by inhaled allergens (n=7), among whom 3 patients (3/79, 3.8%) had a history of type I allergy, which occurred within 6 months after transplantation in 2 cases (allergic dermatitis) and from 2 to 3 years in 1 case (diarrhea after peanut allergy). The total IgE levels of RTRs using immunosuppressive agents at different time points including 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after renal transplantation were significantly lower than that before surgery (all P<0.05). Sensitization occurred in 8 RTRs using FK506 and in 1 patient treated with CsA (P=0.432), and allergies occurred in 3 RTRs using FK506 and were not found among CsA users (P=0.561). Conclusions Administration of immunosuppressive agents in adult RTRs cannot wholly prevent allergy or sensitization. Studies with larger sample sizes and more extended follow-up periods are still required to further explore the potential association between the use of FK506 and CSA and the allergies or sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Guo
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Jingwen He
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Yunyi Xiong
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Luhao Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Guanghui Pan
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Organ Transplantation Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511447, China
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Boonpiyathad T, Satitsuksanoa P, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Il-10 producing T and B cells in allergy. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101326. [PMID: 31711770 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular mechanisms of allergen tolerance in humans have been intensively studied in the past few decades. The demonstration of epitope-specific T cell tolerance, particularly mediated by the immune suppressor functions of IL-10 led to a major conceptual change in this area more than 20 years ago. Currently, the known essential components of allergen tolerance include the induction of allergen-specific regulatory of T and B cells, the immune suppressive function of secreted factors, such as IL-10, IL-35, IL-1 receptor antagonist and TGF-β, immune suppressive functions of surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, the production IgG4 isotype allergen-specific blocking antibodies, and decreased allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils in inflamed tissues. In this review, we explain the importance of the role of IL-10 in allergen tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadech Boonpiyathad
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.
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Ole e 15 and its human counterpart -PPIA- chimeras reveal an heterogeneous IgE response in olive pollen allergic patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15027. [PMID: 31636292 PMCID: PMC6803672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive pollen is a major cause of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergy in Mediterranean countries. It is expected to become a worldwide leading allergenic source because olive cultivation is increasing in many countries. Ole e 15 belongs to the cyclophilin pan-allergen family, which includes highly cross-reactive allergens from non-related plant, animal and mold species. Here, the amino acid differences between Ole e 15 and its weak cross-reactive human homolog PPIA were grafted onto Ole e 15 to assess the contribution of specific surface areas to the IgE-binding. Eight Ole e 15-PPIA chimeras were produced in E. coli, purified and tested with 20 sera from Ole e 15-sensitized patients with olive pollen allergy by ELISA experiments. The contribution of linear epitopes was analyzed using twelve overlapping peptides spanning the entire Ole e 15 sequence. All the patients displayed a diverse reduction of the IgE-reactivity to the chimeras, revealing a highly polyclonal and patient-specific response to Ole e 15. IgE-epitopes are distributed across the entire Ole e 15 surface. Two main surface areas containing relevant conformational epitopes have been characterized. This is the first study to identify important IgE-binding regions on the surface of an allergenic cyclophilin.
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Wang C, Wang L, Chen BC, Yu H, Li L, Zhang KY, Yu B, Wei Z, Chen XF. CRM197-Coupled Der p 2 Peptides Suppress Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Der p 2-Induced Asthma Mouse Model. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:173-181. [PMID: 31537004 DOI: 10.1159/000502607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases affect more than 25% of the global population. Der p 2 is the major allergen of the house dust mite (HDM) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment to change the course of allergic diseases. In this study, two synthesized Der p 2 peptides coupled to cross-reacting material 197 (CRM197) showed reduced IgE reactivity and allergenic activity. CRM197-coupled Der p 2 peptides induced rDer p 2-specific IgG1 antibodies in mice, which could inhibit HDM-allergic patients' IgE binding to rDer p 2. The immunity effects of CRM197-coupled Der p 2 peptides were studied in an rDer p 2-induced asthma mouse model. CRM197-coupled Der p 2 peptides can suppress asthmatic airway inflammation in this model. Analysis of IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed that the suppression was associated with a shift from a Th2 to a Th1 response. Thus, CRM197-bound Der p 2 peptides exhibited less allergenic activity than the rDer p 2 allergen, which preserved immunogenicity and may be candidates for mite allergy vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Emergency Department, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ban-Cheng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kao-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Institute of Innovative Drugs and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine of Dermatology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,
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Hartmann D, Fischl A, Herrmann E, Schulze J, Schubert R, Zielen S. Prospective comparison of a nonmodified and a modified mite extract for immunotherapy in children and adolescents. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:1015-1029. [PMID: 31319714 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This prospective study compares nonmodified and modified house dust mite extracts for allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in pediatric patients with allergic asthma. Materials & methods: Total 95 patients underwent bronchial allergen provocation (BAP). AIT was recommended to 62 patients. Complete datasets of 54 subjects were obtained. Primary aim was the comparison of treatment success defined by BAP between two extracts after 1 year. Secondary parameters were laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms. Results: Significant improvement (p < 0.001) was measured by BAP in both treatment groups. No change was seen in the controls. Both extracts exerted comparable effects on all parameters. Conclusion: After 1 year of AIT, the extracts were equally efficient, with significant improvements in 70.0% (nonmodified) and 72.2% (modified) of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desireé Hartmann
- Department for Children & Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology & Cystic fibrosis, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anna Fischl
- Department for Children & Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology & Cystic fibrosis, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Department of Biostatistics, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulze
- Department for Children & Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology & Cystic fibrosis, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department for Children & Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology & Cystic fibrosis, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Department for Children & Adolescents, Division of Allergology, Pulmonology & Cystic fibrosis, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Marteles D, Verde MT, Conde T, Pereboom D, Casanova Á, Villanueva-Saz S, Ortín A, Fernández A. Effects of allergen-specific immunotherapy on peripheral blood regulatory T cells and serum concentrations of cytokines and immunoglobulins in horses with allergic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105674. [PMID: 31195188 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) on the immunological responses of horses. Blood samples were taken from thirty-two horses with allergic dermatitis treated with ASIT and 10 healthy control horses at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months to investigate the evolution of the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood and the serum levels of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Clinical improvement was appreciated by the majority of the horses' owners (56.6%). No effect of ASIT on CD4+CD25High Treg cells was found during the one year treatment period. No differences in the percentage of CD4+ T cells were observed between the groups, and no effects of ASIT over time were observed. The percentage of CD25+ T cells was always higher in the ASIT group (17.9 ± 11.3%) than in the control group (7.3 ± 4.4%, p < 0.001). We did not detect any effect of ASIT on the serum levels of TGF-β, IL-10 and IFN-γ or on the serum concentrations of IgA and IgG4. A reduction in the serum levels of total IgE in the horses with allergic dermatitis was observed at the 6th month (p < 0.05), but increased again at the end of the study. The results indicate that immunotherapy was insufficient to induce significant changes that could indicate T cell tolerance, a shift in cytokine production to more protective Th1 cells. More studies are needed with new vaccine compositions and administration protocols to improve the immunological responses of the horses with allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marteles
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Teresa Verde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Conde
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Álvaro Casanova
- Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Pharmacology and Physiology Department, Medicine Faculty, Zaragoza University, SAI de Citomica 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Ortín
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Animal Pathology Department, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain; Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Specjalski K, Maciejewska A, Pawłowski R, Zieliński M, Trzonkowski P, Pikuła M, Jassem E. Changing microRNA Expression during Three-Month Wasp Venom Immunotherapy. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:835-843. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1617303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Maciejewska
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ryszard Pawłowski
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Zieliński
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Pikuła
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Embryology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Hajavi J, Hashemi M, Sankian M. Evaluation of size and dose effects of rChe a 3 allergen loaded PLGA nanoparticles on modulation of Th2 immune responses by sublingual immunotherapy in mouse model of rhinitis allergic. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Perez-Riverol A, Lasa AM, Dos Santos-Pinto JRA, Palma MS. Insect venom phospholipases A1 and A2: Roles in the envenoming process and allergy. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 105:10-24. [PMID: 30582958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect venom phospholipases have been identified in nearly all clinically relevant social Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps and ants. Among other biological roles, during the envenoming process these enzymes cause the disruption of cellular membranes and induce hypersensitive reactions, including life threatening anaphylaxis. While phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a predominant component of bee venoms, phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is highly abundant in wasps and ants. The pronounced prevalence of IgE-mediated reactivity to these allergens in sensitized patients emphasizes their important role as major elicitors of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA). PLA1 and -A2 represent valuable marker allergens for differentiation of genuine sensitizations to bee and/or wasp venoms from cross-reactivity. Moreover, in massive attacks, insect venom phospholipases often cause several pathologies that can lead to fatalities. This review summarizes the available data related to structure, model of enzymatic activity and pathophysiological roles during envenoming process of insect venom phospholipases A1 and -A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amilcar Perez-Riverol
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Alexis Musacchio Lasa
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Division, Department of System Biology, Ave. 31, e/158 and 190, P.O. Box 6162, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - José Roberto Aparecido Dos Santos-Pinto
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil
| | - Mario Sergio Palma
- Center of the Study of Social Insects, Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Rio Claro, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, 13500, Brazil.
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Frew AJ. Immunotherapy of Allergic Disease. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kausar MA. A review on Respiratory allergy caused by insects. Bioinformation 2018; 14:540-553. [PMID: 31223213 PMCID: PMC6563666 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypersensitivity or allergy encompasses a wide range of immunological reactions that generally have adverse consequences involving one or many organ systems of the body. Allergens are usually glycoprotein or chemically complex low molecular weight substances. The common allergens include pollen, fungal spores, house dust mite and house dust, animal danders, drugs, foods, insect emanations, and detritus, etc. Information on the role of insects in respiratory allergy is increasing in the literature. There are about 30 million living species of insects. These insects can broadly be classified as stinging insects, biting insects and non-stinging and non-biting insects. All materials form insets namely wings, scales, saliva; dried feces and venom can cause allergic diseases, such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and urticaria. There are wide varieties of insects such as moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, flies, beetles, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. Exposure to emanations and detritus of these insects may lead to several allergies in some genetically predisposed individuals. Therefore, it is of interest to review allergies caused by various insect's stings and bites and their adverse effect on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan Kausar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia, KSA
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Thomas P, Hisgen P, Kiefer H, Schmerwitz U, Ottersbach A, Albrecht D, Summer B, Schinkel C. Blood cytokine pattern and clinical outcome in knee arthroplasty patients: comparative analysis 5 years after standard versus "hypoallergenic" surface coated prosthesis implantation. Acta Orthop 2018; 89:646-651. [PMID: 30372661 PMCID: PMC6300722 DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2018.1518802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose - Metal sensitivity might provoke complications after arthroplasty. Correspondingly, coated "hypoallergenic" implants are of interest but long-term follow-up data are missing. Thus, we assessed immunological and clinical parameters in such patients. Patients and methods - 5 years' follow-up data were obtained from 3 centers, which used either a standard total knee replacement (TKR) or the identical implant with multilayer surface zirconium nitride based coating. Of the 196 patients (mean age 68 years (44-84), 110 females) 97 had arthroplasty with a coated surface, and 99 were treated by a standard TKR of the same type. Investigations were Knee Society Score (KSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), radiographic analysis, and cytokine measurement in peripheral blood. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by cytometric beads assay and RT-PCR. Results - Survival rate (Kaplan-Meier) was 98% for coated and 97% for uncoated implants after 5 years. Mechanical axis and KSS pain score (42 vs. 41 (0-50)) were comparable. Most serum cytokine levels were comparable, but mean interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 levels were higher in the group with an uncoated implant. IL-8: 37 (SD 7.5) pg/mL vs. 1.1 (SD 4.3) (p < 0.001); IL-10: 3.6 (SD 2.5) vs. 0.3 (SD 1.8) pg/mL (p < 0.001). Interpretation - There was similar clinical outcome 5 years after standard and surface-coated TKR. In peripheral blood there was an increased pro-inflammatory status, i.e., significant elevation of IL-8 and the anti-inflammatory IL-10, after standard uncoated prosthesis. Any long-term effects of these cytokine changes are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;; ,Correspondence: Peter Thomas
| | - Philipp Hisgen
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, Klinikum Memmingen, Germany (Academic Teaching Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich);;
| | | | - Ulf Schmerwitz
- Clinic of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, Bünde, Germany;;
| | | | - Dominique Albrecht
- Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Brig, Switzerland;; ,Clinic of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Summer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany;;
| | - Christian Schinkel
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopaedics, Klinikum Memmingen, Germany (Academic Teaching Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich);;
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The Biology of T Regulatory Type 1 Cells and Their Therapeutic Application in Immune-Mediated Diseases. Immunity 2018; 49:1004-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Karpinski P, Skiba P, Kosinska M, Rosiek-Biegus M, Królewicz E, Blin N, Meese E, Panaszek B, Nittner-Marszalska M, Sasiadek MM. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression after one year of venom immunotherapy. Immunol Lett 2018; 204:23-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mrkić I, Minić R, Popović D, Živković I, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Newly designed hemagglutinin-Der p 2 chimera is a potential candidate for allergen specific immunotherapy. Life Sci 2018; 213:158-165. [PMID: 30352241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the immunomodulatory potential of a chimera composed of the receptor-binding domain of hemagglutinin 1 (H1s) from Influenza virus and Der p 2 (D2) allergen for allergen-specific immunotherapy of house-dust mite allergy (HDM). MAIN METHODS H1sD2 chimera and D2 allergen were produced by genetic engineering in E. coli. Recombinant antigens were extracted from inclusion bodies by urea, then refolded and purified by immobilized- metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Purity was verified by 2D-PAGE and secondary structures were assessed by CD spectroscopy. IgE reactivity of H1sD2 and D2 was tested in western blot with sera from 8 persons with clinical history of HDM allergy. Immunogenicity of H1sD2 and D2 were analyzed in Balb/c mice. Cytokine profile was analyzed by ELISA after stimulation of mouse spleen cells with H1sD2 and D2. Leukocyte population abundance of cells isolated from spleen and lymph node was assessed by flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Purified recombinant proteins H1sD2 (42 kDa) and D2 (15 kDa) revealed well defined secondary structures, and preserved IgE reactive epitopes. Analysis of supernatants of mouse spleen cells after stimulation with H1sD2 and D2, revealed a qualitatively different cytokine profile from H1sD2 immunized mouse cells (increase in IL10). CD8+ cells were decreased in the lymph node of D2 immunized mice, whereas H1sD2 immunization led to an increase of CD8+ cells in both the lymph node and the spleen. SIGNIFICANCE H1sD2 chimera attenuates Der p 2-inherent Th2 response and directs the immune response toward Th1 and Treg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mrkić
- Innovation Center, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rajna Minić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Popović
- Department of Chemistry - IChTM, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Živković
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera, Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wagenaar L, Bol‐Schoenmakers M, Giustarini G, Vonk MM, van Esch BC, Knippels LM, Garssen J, Smit JJ, Pieters RH. Dietary Supplementation with Nondigestible Oligosaccharides Reduces Allergic Symptoms and Supports Low Dose Oral Immunotherapy in a Peanut Allergy Mouse Model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800369. [PMID: 30102006 PMCID: PMC6766954 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE A major downside of oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy is the risk of severe side effects. Non-digestible short- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS/lcFOS) reduce allergy development in murine models. Therefore, it is hypothesized that scFOS/lcFOS can also support the efficacy of OIT in a peanut allergy model. METHODS AND RESULTS After sensitization to peanut extract (PE) using cholera toxin, C3H/HeOuJ mice are fed a 1% scFOS/lcFOS or control diet and receive OIT (1.5 or 15 mg PE). Hereafter, mice are exposed to PE via different routes to determine the safety and efficacy of treatment in clinical outcomes, PE-specific antibody production, and numbers of various immune cells. scFOS/lcFOS increases short-chain fatty acid levels in the caecum and reduce the acute allergic skin response and drop in body temperature after PE exposure. Interestingly, 15 mg and 1.5 mg OIT with scFOS/lcFOS induce protection against anaphylaxis, whereas 1.5 mg OIT alone does not. OIT, with or without scFOS/lcFOS, induces PE-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) IgG and IgA levels and increases CD103+ dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS scFOS/lcFOS and scFOS/lcFOS combined with low dose OIT are able to protect against a peanut-allergic anaphylactic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wagenaar
- Department of ImmunotoxicologyInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 104, NL‐3584 CMUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marianne Bol‐Schoenmakers
- Department of ImmunotoxicologyInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 104, NL‐3584 CMUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Giulio Giustarini
- Department of ImmunotoxicologyInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 104, NL‐3584 CMUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marlotte M. Vonk
- Division of PharmacologyUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99, NL‐3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Immunology PlatformNutricia ResearchUppsalalaan 12, NL‐3584 CTUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Betty C.A.M. van Esch
- Division of PharmacologyUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99, NL‐3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Immunology PlatformNutricia ResearchUppsalalaan 12, NL‐3584 CTUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Leon M.J. Knippels
- Division of PharmacologyUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99, NL‐3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Immunology PlatformNutricia ResearchUppsalalaan 12, NL‐3584 CTUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of PharmacologyUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 99, NL‐3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Immunology PlatformNutricia ResearchUppsalalaan 12, NL‐3584 CTUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joost J. Smit
- Department of ImmunotoxicologyInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 104, NL‐3584 CMUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Raymond H.H. Pieters
- Department of ImmunotoxicologyInstitute for Risk Assessment SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 104, NL‐3584 CMUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Fanuel S, Tabesh S, Rajani HF, Heidari S, Sadroddiny E, Kardar GA. Decorating and loading ghosts with allergens for allergen immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 13:2428-2433. [PMID: 28934008 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1365208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 25% of the global population has IgE mediated allergic diseases. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only available form of treatment that alters the underlying mechanism of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. AIT is aimed at desensitizing allergic individuals by repeatedly administering disease-causing allergens over a long period of time. Despite its proven efficacy in numerous clinical trials, the effectiveness of AIT still suffers some drawbacks due to the quality of allergens used and in particular the unavailability of efficient allergen delivery systems. Several studies have demonstrated that bacterial ghosts (BG) systems can be used to display and deliver antigens to their targets for the management of diseases. However, there is no report documenting the use of BG systems for immunotherapy of IgE-mediated diseases so far. Thus, in this review, we intend to discuss the potentialities of BG systems for displaying and delivering allergens for future management of IgE-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwe Fanuel
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeideh Tabesh
- c Department of Immunology , School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Huda Fatima Rajani
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- d Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Kardar
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences-International Campus (IC-TUMS) , Tehran , Iran.,b Immunology, Asthma & Allergy Research Institute (IAARI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Terhune TD, Deth RC. Aluminum Adjuvant-Containing Vaccines in the Context of the Hygiene Hypothesis: A Risk Factor for Eosinophilia and Allergy in a Genetically Susceptible Subpopulation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E901. [PMID: 29751492 PMCID: PMC5981940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There are similarities between the immune response following immunization with aluminum adjuvants and the immune response elicited by some helminthic parasites, including stimulation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilia. Immunization with aluminum adjuvants, as with helminth infection, induces a Th2 type cell mediated immune response, including eosinophilia, but does not induce an environment conducive to the induction of regulatory mechanisms. Helminths play a role in what is known as the hygiene hypothesis, which proposes that decreased exposure to microbes during a critical time in early life has resulted in the increased prevalence and morbidity of asthma and atopic disorders over the past few decades, especially in Western countries. In addition, gut and lung microbiome composition and their interaction with the immune system plays an important role in a properly regulated immune system. Disturbances in microbiome composition are a risk factor for asthma and allergies. We propose that immunization with aluminum adjuvants in general is not favorable for induction of regulatory mechanisms and, in the context of the hygiene hypothesis and microbiome theory, can be viewed as an amplifying factor and significant contributing risk factor for allergic diseases, especially in a genetically susceptible subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd D Terhune
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
| | - Richard C Deth
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 1382 Terry Bldg, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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Allergic patients with and without allergen-specific immunotherapy mount protective immune responses to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination in absence of enhanced side effects or propagation of their Th2 bias. Vaccine 2018; 36:2816-2824. [PMID: 29673942 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases are caused by Th2-driven immune responses and their treatment with specific immunotherapy (SIT) leads to immunomodulation via IL10, TGF-ß and Th1/Tr1 shift. This phase IV, open-label clinical trial investigated whether allergies and SIT treatment influenced immune responses to routine vaccination. METHODS We studied three groups: 49 allergic patients (allergic group), 21 allergic patients receiving maintenance doses of SIT (SIT group), and 49 non-allergic controls. All subjects received tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccines and humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated after one week, four weeks and six months. RESULTS The levels and kinetics of neutralizing TBE-specific antibodies, reflecting protection against TBE, were not significantly different in the three groups. The allergic group showed Th2 polarization pre-booster as indicated by increased TBE-specific IgG1 and elevated mitogen-induced IL5 production. Alum-adjuvanted TBE vaccine led to Th2 biased immune responses in the controls, but to no further enhancement of Th2 polarization in the allergic and SIT group. Furthermore, in the SIT group cellular parameters reflected the induction of immunomodulation due to increased Tregs, elevated baseline IL10 and lack of TBE-specific IL5. Importantly, these cellular regulatory responses did not limit the ability to mount sufficient TBE-specific antibodies after the booster. All groups tolerated the vaccine well with no exacerbation of allergic symptoms. CONCLUSION TBE booster vaccinations were immunogenic and safe in both the allergic and SIT group and contributed to balanced immune responses. Our data indicate that all allergic patients, even when undergoing SIT, should be vaccinated without hesitation and at regular intervals according to standard recommendations. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02511535).
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Capabilities of Molecular-Based Allergen Diagnostics in Atopic Diseases. BIONANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-017-0491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The usefulness of the basophil activation test in monitoring specific immunotherapy with house dust mite allergens. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:93-98. [PMID: 29599678 PMCID: PMC5872250 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.73169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In clinical practice, reliable tools for monitoring specific immunotherapy (SIT) are of utmost importance. Aim To assess the usefulness of the basophil activation test (BAT) in monitoring SIT in paediatric patients with allergy to house dust mites (HDM). Material and methods Thirty-one children qualified for SIT with HDM, of whom 21 completed the SIT during the observation period. The BAT was carried out prior to commencing the SIT (time point BAT1) and upon finishing the initial pack of allergy vaccine (cumulative dose of allergen 12487.5 PNU; BAT2), as well as after the second vaccine pack (cumulative dose of allergen 23750.0 PNU; BAT3). Peripheral blood of the patients was stimulated with allergen solutions in five concentrations from 0.00225 ng/ml to 22.5 ng/ml. Basophil activation was measured by CD63 expression in flow cytometry. Results For the allergen concentration of 0.225 ng/ml, a statistically significant decrease in median basophil activation was observed, from 51.29% at BAT1 to 8.48% at BAT2 (p = 0.004) and 4.21% at BAT3 (p < 0.001). For the allergen concentration of 0.0225 ng/ml, a statistically significant decrease was seen between BAT1 (1.72%) and BAT3 (0.21%, p = 0.01). Median CD-sens index decreased significantly from 1099.02 at BAT1 to 179.31 at BAT2 (p < 0.002) and 168.04 at BAT3 (p < 0.001). Conclusions There is a significant decrease in BAT results in the course of specific immunotherapy with HDM allergens in children, with the optimum allergen concentration for monitoring basophil response at 0.225 ng/ml. The CD-sens index seems to be a better monitoring parameter than the plain percentage of CD63-expressing basophils.
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