1
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Murik O, Geffen O, Shotland Y, Fernandez-Pozo N, Ullrich KK, Walther D, Rensing SA, Treves H. Genomic imprints of unparalleled growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1144-1160. [PMID: 38072860 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella ohadii was isolated from desert biological soil crusts, one of the harshest habitats on Earth, and is emerging as an exciting new green model for studying growth, photosynthesis and metabolism under a wide range of conditions. Here, we compared the genome of C. ohadii, the fastest growing alga on record, to that of other green algae, to reveal the genomic imprints empowering its unparalleled growth rate and resistance to various stressors, including extreme illumination. This included the genome of its close relative, but slower growing and photodamage sensitive, C. sorokiniana UTEX 1663. A larger number of ribosome-encoding genes, high intron abundance, increased codon bias and unique genes potentially involved in metabolic flexibility and resistance to photodamage are all consistent with the faster growth of C. ohadii. Some of these characteristics highlight general trends in Chlorophyta and Chlorella spp. evolution, and others open new broad avenues for mechanistic exploration of their relationship with growth. This work entails a unique case study for the genomic adaptations and costs of exceptionally fast growth and sheds light on the genomic signatures of fast growth in photosynthetic cells. It also provides an important resource for future studies leveraging the unique properties of C. ohadii for photosynthesis and stress response research alongside their utilization for synthetic biology and biotechnology aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 93722, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Or Geffen
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, 84100, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kristian Karsten Ullrich
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Dirk Walther
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signaling Studies (BIOSS), University of Freiburg, 79098, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Haim Treves
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, 39040, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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2
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Llop A, Bibak S, Cantos R, Salinas P, Contreras A. The ribosome assembly GTPase EngA is involved in redox signaling in cyanobacteria. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1242616. [PMID: 37637111 PMCID: PMC10448771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1242616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms must cope with environmental challenges, like those imposed by the succession of days and nights or by sudden changes in light intensities, that trigger global changes in gene expression and metabolism. The photosynthesis machinery is particularly susceptible to environmental changes and adaptation to them often involves redox-sensing proteins that are the targets of reactive oxygen species generated by photosynthesis activity. Here we show that EngA, an essential GTPase and ribosome-assembly protein involved in ribosome biogenesis in bacteria and chloroplasts, also plays a role in acclimatization to environmentally relevant stress in Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 and that PipX, a promiscuous regulatory protein that binds to EngA, appears to fine-tune EngA activity. During growth in cold or high light conditions, the EngA levels rise, with a concomitant increase of the EngA/PipX ratio. However, a sudden increase in light intensity turns EngA into a growth inhibitor, a response involving residue Cys122 of EngA, which is part of the GD1-G4 motif NKCES of EngA proteins, with the cysteine conserved just in the cyanobacteria-chloroplast lineage. This work expands the repertoire of ribosome-related factors transmitting redox signals in photosynthetic organisms and provides additional insights into the complexity of the regulatory interactions mediated by EngA and PipX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Asunción Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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3
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Fadeeva M, Klaiman D, Caspy I, Nelson N. Structure of Chlorella ohadii Photosystem II Reveals Protective Mechanisms against Environmental Stress. Cells 2023; 12:1971. [PMID: 37566050 PMCID: PMC10416949 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Green alga Chlorella ohadii is known for its ability to carry out photosynthesis under harsh conditions. Using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM), we obtained a high-resolution structure of PSII at 2.72 Å. This structure revealed 64 subunits, which encompassed 386 chlorophylls, 86 carotenoids, four plastoquinones, and several structural lipids. At the luminal side of PSII, a unique subunit arrangement was observed to protect the oxygen-evolving complex. This arrangement involved PsbO (OEE1), PsbP (OEE2), PsbB, and PsbU (a homolog of plant OEE3). PsbU interacted with PsbO, PsbC, and PsbP, thereby stabilizing the shield of the oxygen-evolving complex. Significant changes were also observed at the stromal electron acceptor side. PsbY, identified as a transmembrane helix, was situated alongside PsbF and PsbE, which enclosed cytochrome b559. Supported by the adjacent C-terminal helix of Psb10, these four transmembrane helices formed a bundle that shielded cytochrome b559 from the surrounding solvent. Moreover, the bulk of Psb10 formed a protective cap, which safeguarded the quinone site and likely contributed to the stacking of PSII complexes. Based on our findings, we propose a protective mechanism that prevents QB (plastoquinone B) from becoming fully reduced. This mechanism offers insights into the regulation of electron transfer within PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; (M.F.); (D.K.); (I.C.)
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4
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Fadeeva M, Klaiman D, Caspy I, Nelson N. CryoEM PSII structure reveals adaptation mechanisms to environmental stress in Chlorella ohadii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539358. [PMID: 37205566 PMCID: PMC10187303 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Performing photosynthesis in the desert is a challenging task since it requires a fast adaptation to extreme illumination and temperature changes. To understand adaptive mechanisms, we purified Photosystem II (PSII) from Chlorella ohadii , a green alga from the desert soil surface, and identified structural elements that might enable the photosystem functioning under harsh conditions. The 2.72 Å cryogenic electron-microscopy (cryoEM) structure of PSII exhibited 64 subunits, encompassing 386 chlorophylls, 86 carotenoids, four plastoquinones, and several structural lipids. At the luminal side of PSII, the oxygen evolving complex was protected by a unique subunit arrangement - PsbO (OEE1), PsbP (OEE2), CP47, and PsbU (plant OEE3 homolog). PsbU interacted with PsbO, CP43, and PsbP, thus stabilising the oxygen evolving shield. Substantial changes were observed on the stromal electron acceptor side - PsbY was identified as a transmembrane helix situated alongside PsbF and PsbE enclosing cytochrome b559, supported by the adjacent C-terminal helix of Psb10. These four transmembrane helices bundled jointly, shielding cytochrome b559 from the solvent. The bulk of Psb10 formed a cap protecting the quinone site and probably contributed to the PSII stacking. So far, the C. ohadii PSII structure is the most complete description of the complex, suggesting numerous future experiments. A protective mechanism that prevented Q B from rendering itself fully reduced is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Zhang T, Che X, Li H, Zhang L, Liu J. The Damage Mechanisms of Dark Hypoxic Stress on Photosystem
II
of
Cymodocea Rotundata. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:1323-1331. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tie Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xingkai Che
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Litao Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo Qingdao 266237 China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega‐Science Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road Qingdao 266071 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo Qingdao 266237 China
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6
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Lu T, Song Y, Yu H, Li Q, Xu J, Qin Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Jiang W. Cold Stress Resistance of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Seedlings Is Enhanced by Light Supplementation From Underneath the Canopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:831314. [PMID: 35498645 PMCID: PMC9039533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.831314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as low temperature (LT), greatly limit the growth and production of tomato. Recently, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with specific spectra have been increasingly used in horticultural production facilities. The chosen spectrum can affect plant growth, development, and resistance, but the physiological regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of LED light supplementation (W:B = 2:1, light intensity of 100 μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1, for 4 h/day from 9:00 to 13:00) from above and below the canopy on tomato resistance under sub-LT stress (15/8°C). The results showed that supplemental lighting from underneath the canopy (USL) promoted the growth of tomato seedlings, as the plant height, stem diameter, root activity, and plant biomass were significantly higher than those under LT. The activity of the photochemical reaction center was enhanced because of the increase in the maximal photochemical efficiency (F v /F m ) and photochemical quenching (qP), which distributed more photosynthetic energy to the photochemical reactions and promoted photosynthetic performance [the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was improved]. USL also advanced the degree of stomatal opening, thus facilitating carbon assimilation under LT. Additionally, the relative conductivity (RC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were decreased, while the soluble protein content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased with the application of USL under LT, thereby causing a reduction in membrane lipid peroxidation and alleviation of stress damage. These results suggest that light supplementation from underneath the canopy improves the cold resistance of tomato seedlings mainly by alleviating the degree of photoinhibition on photosystems, improving the activity of the photochemical reaction center, and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thereby promoting the growth and stress resistance of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yangfan Song
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
- Natural Resources Bureau of Hutubi County in Xinjiang Province, Changji, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, China
| | - Yong Qin
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Inspection and Testing Center of Chifeng, Chifeng, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences Vegetable Research Institute, Lhasa, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Che X, Zhang T, Li H, Zhang L, Liu J. Effect of Hypoxia on Photosystem II of Tropical Seagrass Enhalus acoroides in the Dark. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:421-428. [PMID: 34547108 DOI: 10.1111/php.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia induced by eutrophication has become an important factor threatening the survival of coastal life such as Enhalus acoroides. The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of hypoxia on photosystem II (PSII) of E. acoroides in the dark. The results showed that long-term dark hypoxia damages PSII activity of E. acoroides. The lower the oxygen content and the longer the hypoxic duration, the more seriously PSII was damaged and the less light-independent recovery parts of the damaged PSII. The damage to PSII caused by hypoxia was unrelated to ROS but related to respiration, because the respiration rate decreased with the decrease of oxygen content and PSII activity decreased significantly even at a normal oxygen content after the inhibition of aerobic respiratory pathway. Hypoxia reduced energy fluxes between the antennas and the RCs, and generated many inactive RCs, which significantly reduced the electron transfer efficiency of PSII. Severe hypoxia (2.65 mg L-1 oxygen content) caused chlorophyll degradation. The study demonstrated that hypoxia damages PSII of E. acoroides and inhibits PSII recovery in the dark. We suggested that hypoxia together with other environment stressors would be the key reason for the decline of E. acoroides meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Che
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Tie Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Li
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Litao Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- CAS and Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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8
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Caspy I, Neumann E, Fadeeva M, Liveanu V, Savitsky A, Frank A, Kalisman YL, Shkolnisky Y, Murik O, Treves H, Hartmann V, Nowaczyk MM, Schuhmann W, Rögner M, Willner I, Kaplan A, Schuster G, Nelson N, Lubitz W, Nechushtai R. Cryo-EM photosystem I structure reveals adaptation mechanisms to extreme high light in Chlorella ohadii. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1314-1322. [PMID: 34462576 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in deserts is challenging since it requires fast adaptation to rapid night-to-day changes, that is, from dawn's low light (LL) to extreme high light (HL) intensities during the daytime. To understand these adaptation mechanisms, we purified photosystem I (PSI) from Chlorella ohadii, a green alga that was isolated from a desert soil crust, and identified the essential functional and structural changes that enable the photosystem to perform photosynthesis under extreme high light conditions. The cryo-electron microscopy structures of PSI from cells grown under low light (PSILL) and high light (PSIHL), obtained at 2.70 and 2.71 Å, respectively, show that part of light-harvesting antenna complex I (LHCI) and the core complex subunit (PsaO) are eliminated from PSIHL to minimize the photodamage. An additional change is in the pigment composition and their number in LHCIHL; about 50% of chlorophyll b is replaced by chlorophyll a. This leads to higher electron transfer rates in PSIHL and might enable C. ohadii PSI to act as a natural photosynthesiser in photobiocatalytic systems. PSIHL or PSILL were attached to an electrode and their induced photocurrent was determined. To obtain photocurrents comparable with PSIHL, 25 times the amount of PSILL was required, demonstrating the high efficiency of PSIHL. Hence, we suggest that C. ohadii PSIHL is an ideal candidate for the design of desert artificial photobiocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Neumann
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Fadeeva
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Varda Liveanu
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anton Savitsky
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anna Frank
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yael Levi Kalisman
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Treves
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Volker Hartmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Centre for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Rachel Nechushtai
- Institute of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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9
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Zhao W, Yang XQ, Zhang QS, Tan Y, Liu Z, Ma MY, Wang MX, Xu B. Photoinactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex regulates the photosynthetic strategy of the seagrass Zostera marina. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2021; 222:112259. [PMID: 34274827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zostera marina, a widespread seagrass, evolved from a freshwater ancestor of terrestrial monocots and successfully transitioned into a completely submerged seagrass. We found that its oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) was partially inactivated in response to light exposure, as evidenced by both the increment of the relative variable fluorescence at the K-step and the downregulation of the OEC genes and proteins. This photosynthetic regulation was further addressed at both proteome and physiology levels by an in vivo study. The unchanged content of the ΔpH sensor PsbS protein and the non-photochemical quenching induction dynamics, described by a single exponential function, verified the absence of the fast qE component. Contents and activities of chlororespiration, Mehler reaction, malic acid synthesis, and photorespiration key enzymes were not upregulated, suggesting that alternative electron flows remained unactivated. Furthermore, neither significant production of singlet oxygen nor increment of total antioxidative capacity indicated that reactive oxygen species were not produced during light exposure. In summary, these low electron consumptions may allow Z. marina to efficiently use the limited electrons caused by partial OEC photoinactivation to maintain a normal carbon assimilation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | | | - Ying Tan
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Ming-Yu Ma
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Meng-Xin Wang
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Ocean School, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
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10
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Canonico M, Konert G, Crepin A, Šedivá B, Kaňa R. Gradual Response of Cyanobacterial Thylakoids to Acute High-Light Stress-Importance of Carotenoid Accumulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081916. [PMID: 34440685 PMCID: PMC8393233 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Light plays an essential role in photosynthesis; however, its excess can cause damage to cellular components. Photosynthetic organisms thus developed a set of photoprotective mechanisms (e.g., non-photochemical quenching, photoinhibition) that can be studied by a classic biochemical and biophysical methods in cell suspension. Here, we combined these bulk methods with single-cell identification of microdomains in thylakoid membrane during high-light (HL) stress. We used Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells with YFP tagged photosystem I. The single-cell data pointed to a three-phase response of cells to acute HL stress. We defined: (1) fast response phase (0–30 min), (2) intermediate phase (30–120 min), and (3) slow acclimation phase (120–360 min). During the first phase, cyanobacterial cells activated photoprotective mechanisms such as photoinhibition and non-photochemical quenching. Later on (during the second phase), we temporarily observed functional decoupling of phycobilisomes and sustained monomerization of photosystem II dimer. Simultaneously, cells also initiated accumulation of carotenoids, especially ɣ–carotene, the main precursor of all carotenoids. In the last phase, in addition to ɣ-carotene, we also observed accumulation of myxoxanthophyll and more even spatial distribution of photosystems and phycobilisomes between microdomains. We suggest that the overall carotenoid increase during HL stress could be involved either in the direct photoprotection (e.g., in ROS scavenging) and/or could play an additional role in maintaining optimal distribution of photosystems in thylakoid membrane to attain efficient photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Canonico
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Grzegorz Konert
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Aurélie Crepin
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Barbora Šedivá
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
| | - Radek Kaňa
- Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický Mlýn, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (G.K.); (A.C.); (B.Š.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 31a, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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11
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Xu HF, Raanan H, Dai GZ, Oren N, Berkowicz S, Murik O, Kaplan A, Qiu BS. Reading and surviving the harsh conditions in desert biological soil crust: The cyanobacterial viewpoint. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6308820. [PMID: 34165541 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are found in drylands, cover ∼12% of the Earth's surface in arid and semi-arid lands and their destruction is considered an important promoter of desertification. These crusts are formed by the adhesion of soil particles to polysaccharides excreted mostly by filamentous cyanobacteria, which are the pioneers and main primary producers in BSCs. Desert BSCs survive in one of the harshest environments on Earth, and are exposed to daily fluctuations of extreme conditions. The cyanobacteria inhabiting these habitats must precisely read the changing conditions and predict, for example, the forthcoming desiccation. Moreover, they evolved a comprehensive regulation of multiple adaptation strategies to enhance their stress tolerance. Here we focus on what distinguishes cyanobacteria able to revive after dehydration from those that cannot. While important progress has been made in our understanding of physiological, biochemical and omics aspects, clarification of the sensing, signal transduction and responses enabling desiccation tolerance are just emerging. We plot the trajectory of current research and open questions ranging from general strategies and regulatory adaptations in the hydration/desiccation cycle, to recent advances in our understanding of photosynthetic adaptation. The acquired knowledge provides new insights to mitigate desertification and improve plant productivity under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Mobile Post Negev 2, 8531100 Israel
| | - Guo-Zheng Dai
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
| | - Nadav Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Simon Berkowicz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel.,Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, P.O.B 469, Eilat, 8810302 Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401 Israel
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079 China
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12
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Levin G, Kulikovsky S, Liveanu V, Eichenbaum B, Meir A, Isaacson T, Tadmor Y, Adir N, Schuster G. The desert green algae Chlorella ohadii thrives at excessively high light intensities by exceptionally enhancing the mechanisms that protect photosynthesis from photoinhibition. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1260-1277. [PMID: 33725388 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although light is the driving force of photosynthesis, excessive light can be harmful. One of the main processes that limits photosynthesis is photoinhibition, the process of light-induced photodamage. When the absorbed light exceeds the amount that is dissipated by photosynthetic electron flow and other processes, damaging radicals are formed that mostly inactivate photosystem II (PSII). Damaged PSII must be replaced by a newly repaired complex in order to preserve full photosynthetic activity. Chlorella ohadii is a green microalga, isolated from biological desert soil crusts, that thrives under extreme high light and is highly resistant to photoinhibition. Therefore, C. ohadii is an ideal model for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying protection against photoinhibition. Comparison of the thylakoids of C. ohadii cells that were grown under low light versus extreme high light intensities found that the alga employs all three known photoinhibition protection mechanisms: (i) massive reduction of the PSII antenna size; (ii) accumulation of protective carotenoids; and (iii) very rapid repair of photodamaged reaction center proteins. This work elucidated the molecular mechanisms of photoinhibition resistance in one of the most light-tolerant photosynthetic organisms, and shows how photoinhibition protection mechanisms evolved to marginal conditions, enabling photosynthesis-dependent life in severe habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Levin
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ayala Meir
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Tal Isaacson
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Department of Vegetable Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Gadi Schuster
- Faculty of Biology, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
- Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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13
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Effects of Monochromatic Illumination with LEDs Lights on the Growth and Photosynthetic Performance of Auxenochlorella protothecoides in Photo- and Mixotrophic Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040799. [PMID: 33921700 PMCID: PMC8073139 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of monochromatic illumination (blue, red, green and yellow) employing light-emitting diodes (LEDs), trophic conditions (photoautotrophic and mixotrophic), and nitrogen availability (high and low peptone concentration) on the growth and biochemical composition of Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The results revealed that mixotrophic conditions did not favor A. protothecoides, giving lower growth rates compared to heterotrophy (dark conditions). However, mixotrophy gave significantly higher growth rates compared to photoautotrophy. The best light wavelengths for mixotrophic cultivation were that of white and red. In all cases investigated in this study, high peptone concentration (4 g/L) resulted in decreased growth rates. Regarding the biochemical composition of A. protothecoides, the strongest effect, irrespective of trophic conditions, was caused by nitrogen availability (peptone concentration). Specifically, at nitrogen replete conditions (4 g/L peptone), biomass was rich in proteins (32-67%), whereas under deplete conditions (0.5 g/L peptone), A. protothecoides accumulated mainly carbohydrates (up to 56%). Mixotrophic conditions generally favored higher carbohydrate content, whereas photoautotrophic conditions favored higher protein content. The different illumination spectra did not have any clear effect on the biochemical composition (metabolites content), except that, in all trophic conditions, the use of the green spectrum resulted in higher chlorophyll b content. Chlorophyll a fluorescence studies revealed that the trophic conditions and the high peptone concentrations impacted the photosystem II (PSII) performance, and also affected plastoquinone re-oxidation kinetics and the heterogeneity of the PSII reaction centers.
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14
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Kedem I, Milrad Y, Kaplan A, Yacoby I. Juggling Lightning: How Chlorella ohadii handles extreme energy inputs without damage. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:329-344. [PMID: 33389446 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The green alga Chlorella ohadii was isolated from a desert biological soil crust, one of the harshest environments on Earth. When grown under optimal laboratory settings it shows the fastest growth rate ever reported for a photosynthetic eukaryote and a complete resistance to photodamage even under unnaturally high light intensities. Here we examined the energy distribution along the photosynthetic pathway under four light and carbon regimes. This was performed using various methodologies such as membrane inlet mass spectrometer with stable O2 isotopes, variable fluorescence, electrochromic shift and fluorescence assessment of NADPH level, as well as the use of specific inhibitors. We show that the preceding illumination and CO2 level during growth strongly affect the energy dissipation strategies employed by the cell. For example, plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) plays an important role in energy dissipation, particularly in high light- and low-CO2-grown cells. Of particular note is the reliance on PSII cyclic electron flow as an effective and flexible dissipation mechanism in all conditions tested. The energy management observed here may be unique to C. ohadii, as it is the only known organism to cope with such conditions. However, the strategies demonstrated may provide an insight into the processes necessary for photosynthesis under high-light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Kedem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Milrad
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Iftach Yacoby
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Cipriano R, Martins JPR, Rodrigues LCDA, Falqueto AR, Gontijo ABPL. Impact of saline solution on growth and photosystem II during in vitro cultivation of Bromelia antiacantha (Bromeliaceae). RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract In vitro cultivation is a technique with wide application for micropropagation. However, each species has specific mineral needs for this type of cultivation. The objective was to assess the impacts of the saline solution culture medium on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and growth of Bromelia antiacantha during in vitro cultivation, and thus to elucidate the mitigation of the nutritional imbalance that can interfere in the electron transport in the plants. Plants were cultivated in a salt concentration gradient of MS medium (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% or 100%). The growth traits and fluorescence a chlorophyll were analyzed. Intermediate concentrations of MS medium resulted in plants with a larger number of leaves and longer root length. The OJIP curves and results of the JIP test showed that the plants grown without MS salts presented less efficient photosystem II (PSII), as indicated by the performance index [Pi(total)]. In contrast, the intermediate concentrations (MS 25% and 50%) had a positive effect on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus. The MS 25% medium can be used for in vitro cultivation of B. antiacantha, enabling the development of plants with suitable physiological qualities for planting in the field.
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16
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Treves H, Siemiatkowska B, Luzarowska U, Murik O, Fernandez-Pozo N, Moraes TA, Erban A, Armbruster U, Brotman Y, Kopka J, Rensing SA, Szymanski J, Stitt M. Multi-omics reveals mechanisms of total resistance to extreme illumination of a desert alga. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1031-1043. [PMID: 32719473 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The unparalleled performance of Chlorella ohadii under irradiances of twice full sunlight underlines the gaps in our understanding of how the photosynthetic machinery operates, and what sets its upper functional limit. Rather than succumbing to photodamage under extreme irradiance, unique features of photosystem II function allow C. ohadii to maintain high rates of photosynthesis and growth, accompanied by major changes in composition and cellular structure. This remarkable resilience allowed us to investigate the systems response of photosynthesis and growth to extreme illumination in a metabolically active cell. Using redox proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics, we explored the cellular mechanisms that promote dissipation of excess redox energy, protein S-glutathionylation, inorganic carbon concentration, lipid and starch accumulation, and thylakoid stacking. C. ohadii possesses a readily available capacity to utilize a sudden excess of reducing power and carbon for growth and reserve formation, and post-translational redox regulation plays a pivotal role in this rapid response. Frequently the response in C. ohadii deviated from that of model species, reflecting its life history in desert sand crusts. Comparative global and case-specific analyses provided insights into the potential evolutionary role of effective reductant utilization in this extreme resistance of C. ohadii to extreme irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Treves
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | | | - Omer Murik
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noe Fernandez-Pozo
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Erban
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ute Armbruster
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Andreas Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jedrzej Szymanski
- Department of Network Analysis and Modelling, IPK, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
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17
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18
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Changes in metabolism, growth and nutrient uptake of Ulva fasciata (Chlorophyta) in response to nitrogen source. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Leyland B, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9020038. [PMID: 32098118 PMCID: PMC7168155 DOI: 10.3390/biology9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic nutrient availability and photon flux density of diatom habitats necessitate buffering capabilities in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This is accomplished by the biosynthesis and turnover of storage lipids, which are sequestered in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are an organelle conserved among eukaryotes, composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. LDs shield the intracellular environment from the accumulation of hydrophobic compounds and function as a carbon and electron sink. These functions are implemented by interconnections with other intracellular systems, including photosynthesis and autophagy. Since diatom lipid production may be a promising objective for biotechnological exploitation, a deeper understanding of LDs may offer targets for metabolic engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of diatom LD biology and biotechnological potential.
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20
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Murchie EH, Ruban AV. Dynamic non-photochemical quenching in plants: from molecular mechanism to productivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:885-896. [PMID: 31686424 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection refers to a set of well defined plant processes that help to prevent the deleterious effects of high and excess light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast. Molecular components of chloroplast photoprotection are closely aligned with those of photosynthesis and together they influence productivity. Proof of principle now exists that major photoprotective processes such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) directly determine whole canopy photosynthesis, biomass and yield via prevention of photoinhibition and a momentary downregulation of photosynthetic quantum yield. However, this phenomenon has neither been quantified nor well characterized across different environments. Here we address this problem by assessing the existing literature with a different approach to that taken previously, beginning with our understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPQ and its regulation within dynamic environments. We then move to the leaf and the plant level, building an understanding of the circumstances (when and where) NPQ limits photosynthesis and linking to our understanding of how this might take place on a molecular and metabolic level. We argue that such approaches are needed to fine tune the relevant features necessary for improving dynamic NPQ in important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Shabestary K, Anfelt J, Ljungqvist E, Jahn M, Yao L, Hudson EP. Targeted Repression of Essential Genes To Arrest Growth and Increase Carbon Partitioning and Biofuel Titers in Cyanobacteria. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1669-1675. [PMID: 29874914 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Photoautotrophic production of fuels and chemicals by cyanobacteria typically gives lower volumetric productivities and titers than heterotrophic production. Cyanobacteria cultures become light limited above an optimal cell density, so that this substrate is not supplied to all cells sufficiently. Here, we investigate genetic strategies for a two-phase cultivation, where biofuel-producing Synechocystis cultures are limited to an optimal cell density through inducible CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) repression of cell growth. Fixed CO2 is diverted to ethanol or n-butanol. Among the most successful strategies was partial repression of citrate synthase gltA. Strong repression (>90%) of gltA at low culture densities increased carbon partitioning to n-butanol 5-fold relative to a nonrepression strain, but sacrificed volumetric productivity due to severe growth restriction. CO2 fixation continued for at least 3 days after growth was arrested. By targeting sgRNAs to different regions of the gltA gene, we could modulate GltA expression and carbon partitioning between growth and product to increase both specific and volumetric productivity. These growth arrest strategies can be useful for improving performance of other photoautotrophic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyan Shabestary
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
| | - Josefine Anfelt
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
| | - Emil Ljungqvist
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
| | - Michael Jahn
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
| | - Lun Yao
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
| | - Elton P. Hudson
- KTH—Royal Institute of Technology. School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, SE-171 21 Sweden
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22
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Pfündel EE, Latouche G, Meister A, Cerovic ZG. Linking chloroplast relocation to different responses of photosynthesis to blue and red radiation in low and high light-acclimated leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:105-128. [PMID: 29374806 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) and high light (HL)-acclimated plants of A. thaliana were exposed to blue (BB) or red (RR) light or to a mixture of blue and red light (BR) of incrementally increasing intensities. The light response of photosystem II was measured by pulse amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and that of photosystem I by near infrared difference spectroscopy. The LL but not HL leaves exhibited blue light-specific responses which were assigned to relocation of chloroplasts from the dark to the light-avoidance arrangement. Blue light (BB and BR) decreased the minimum fluorescence ([Formula: see text]) more than RR light. This extra reduction of the [Formula: see text] was stronger than theoretically predicted for [Formula: see text] quenching by energy dissipation but actual measurement and theory agreed in RR treatments. The extra [Formula: see text] reduction was assigned to decreased light absorption of chloroplasts in the avoidance position. A maximum reduction of 30% was calculated. Increasing intensities of blue light affected the fluorescence parameters NPQ and qP to a lesser degree than red light. After correcting for the optical effects of chloroplast relocation, the NPQ responded similarly to blue and red light. The same correction method diminished the color-specific variations in qP but did not abolish it; thus strongly indicating the presence of another blue light effect which also moderates excitation pressure in PSII but cannot be ascribed to absorption variations. Only after RR exposure, a post-illumination overshoot of [Formula: see text] and fast oxidation of PSI electron acceptors occurred, thus, suggesting an electron flow from stromal reductants to the plastoquinone pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard E Pfündel
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik II der Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Institut für Biowissenschaften, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.
- Heinz Walz GmbH, Eichenring 6, 91090, Effeltrich, Germany.
| | - Gwendal Latouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Armin Meister
- Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Zoran G Cerovic
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, UMR8079, Bât. 362, 91405, Orsay, France
- CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
- AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris, France
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23
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Chen W, Wan S, Shen L, Zhou Y, Huang C, Chu P, Guan R. Histological, Physiological, and Comparative Proteomic Analyses Provide Insights into Leaf Rolling in Brassica napus. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1761-1772. [PMID: 29693398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Moderate leaf rolling is important in ideotype breeding, as it improves photosynthetic efficiency and therefore increases crop yields. To understand the regulatory network of leaf rolling in Brassica napus, a down-curved leaf mutant ( Bndcl1) has been investigated. Physiological analyses indicated that the chlorophyll contents and antioxidant enzyme activities were remarkably increased and the photosynthetic performance was significantly improved in Bndcl1. Consistent with these findings, 943 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified in the Bndcl1 mutant and its wild-type plants using iTRAQ-based comparative proteomic analyses. Enrichment analysis of proteins with higher abundance in Bndcl1 revealed that the functional category "photosynthesis" was significantly overrepresented. Moreover, proteins associated with oxidative stress response and photosystem II repairing were also up-accumulated in Bndcl1, which might help the mutant to sustain the photosynthetic efficiency under unfavorable conditions. Histological observation showed that the mutant displayed defects in adaxial-abaxial patterning. Important DAPs associated with leaf polarity establishment were detected in Bndcl1, including ribosomal proteins, proteins involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, and proteins related to brassinosteroid. Together, our findings may help clarify the mechanisms underlying leaf rolling and its physiological effects on plants and may facilitate ideotype breeding in Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Shubei Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Linkui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Chengwei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Pu Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing Agricultural University , No. 1 Weigang , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , PR China
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24
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Chu J, Zhu F, Chen X, Liang H, Wang R, Wang X, Huang X. Effects of cadmium on photosynthesis of Schima superba young plant detected by chlorophyll fluorescence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:10679-10687. [PMID: 29392606 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Contamination by heavy metals has become a serious environmental pollution issue today due to its potential threat to plant, wildlife, and human health. Photosynthesis, a process in which light energy is used to produce sugar and other organic compounds, is sensitive to heavy metals. In the present study, the response of photosynthetic process and carbon assimilation of Schima superba was investigated under cadmium (Cd) stress. Three Cd concentrations (0, 300, and 600 mg kg-1) were used designated as control (CK), low Cd (L1), and high Cd treatment (L2) of plants. Results showed that photosystem II (PSII) acceptor and donor side electron transport were more easily blocked in treatment compared to control, and L2 have more significant changes than L1. A substantial decrease of 820 nm reflection curve absorption was observed both in L1 and L2 treatments. Special energy fluxes showed significant difference between the control group and the treated group, which indicated that low concentration Cd stress can cause decrease in quantum yield of PSII in plants studied. Non-stomatal factors resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate and a decrease in photosystem activity. Our results suggested that Cd can damage structure and function of the photosynthesis of S. superba young plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
- College of Arts and Sciences, Governors State University, Chicago, IL, 60466, USA
| | - Huizi Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Renjie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Huang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Forest Ecological Technology in Southern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
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25
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Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Growth on a Municipal Wastewater Sidestream Is Impacted by Temperature. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00538-17. [PMID: 29507895 PMCID: PMC5830474 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00538-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivating Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions. Sidestreams in wastewater treatment plants can serve as concentrated sources of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) to support the growth of photosynthetic organisms that ultimately serve as feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. However, other chemical characteristics of these streams may inhibit growth in unanticipated ways. Here, we evaluated the use of liquid recovered from municipal anaerobic digesters via gravity belt filtration as a nutrient source for growing the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. The gravity belt filtrate (GBF) contained high levels of complex dissolved organic matter (DOM), which seemed to negatively influence cells. We investigated the impact of GBF on physiological parameters such as growth rate, membrane integrity, membrane composition, photosystem composition, and oxygen evolution from photosystem II. At 37°C, we observed an inverse correlation between GBF concentration and membrane integrity. Radical production was also detected upon exposure to GBF at 37°C. However, the dose-dependent relationship between the GBF concentration and the lack of membrane integrity was abolished at 27°C. Immediate resuspension of strains in high levels of GBF showed markedly reduced oxygen evolution rates relative to those seen with the control. Taken together, the data indicate that one mechanism responsible for GBF toxicity to Synechococcus is the interruption of photosynthetic electron flow and subsequent phenomena. We hypothesize that this is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds within the DOM. IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called “biorefineries.” Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivating Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to dissect the apparent toxicity of the media under standard cultivation conditions.
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26
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Harris D, Bar-Zvi S, Lahav A, Goldshmid I, Adir N. The Structural Basis for the Extraordinary Energy-Transfer Capabilities of the Phycobilisome. Subcell Biochem 2018; 87:57-82. [PMID: 29464557 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light absorption is the initial step in the photosynthetic process. In all species, most of the light is absorbed by dedicated pigment-protein complexes called light harvesting complexes or antenna complexes. In the case of cyanobacteria and red-algae, photosynthetic organisms found in a wide variety of ecological niches, the major antenna is called the Phycobilisome (PBS). The PBS has many unique characteristics that sets it apart from the antenna complexes of other organisms (bacteria, algae and plants). These differences include the type of light absorbing chromophores, the protein environment of the chromophores, the method of assembly and association and the intercellular location with respect to the photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs). Since the final goal of all antenna complexes is the same - controlled absorption and transfer of the energy of the sun to the RCs, the unique structural and chemical differences of the PBS also require unique energy transfer mechanisms and pathways. In this review we will describe in detail the structural facets that lead to a mature PBS, followed by an attempt to understand the energy transfer properties of the PBS as they have been measured experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dvir Harris
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shira Bar-Zvi
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Avital Lahav
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itay Goldshmid
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noam Adir
- The Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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27
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Sensi M, Baffert C, Fradale L, Gauquelin C, Soucaille P, Meynial-Salles I, Bottin H, de Gioia L, Bruschi M, Fourmond V, Léger C, Bertini L. Photoinhibition of FeFe Hydrogenase. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Sensi
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 13402 CEDEX 20 Marseille, France
- Department
of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Carole Baffert
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 13402 CEDEX 20 Marseille, France
| | - Laura Fradale
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 13402 CEDEX 20 Marseille, France
| | - Charles Gauquelin
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, INRA:UMR792,135
CNRS:UMR 5504, Avenue
de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Soucaille
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, INRA:UMR792,135
CNRS:UMR 5504, Avenue
de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Meynial-Salles
- Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, INRA:UMR792,135
CNRS:UMR 5504, Avenue
de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Bottin
- Institut
de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Institut Frédéric
Joliot, CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 CEDEX Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luca de Gioia
- Department
of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruschi
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Milano-Bicocca University, Piazza della
Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department
of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Fourmond
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 13402 CEDEX 20 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Léger
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, 13402 CEDEX 20 Marseille, France
| | - Luca Bertini
- Department
of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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28
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Specht EA, Karunanithi PS, Gimpel JA, Ansari WS, Mayfield SP. Host Organisms: Algae. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Specht
- University of California; California Center for Algae Biotechnology; Division of Biological Sciences; 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Prema S. Karunanithi
- University of California; California Center for Algae Biotechnology; Division of Biological Sciences; 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Javier A. Gimpel
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Universidad de Chile; 851 Beaucheff Santiago USA
| | - William S. Ansari
- University of California; California Center for Algae Biotechnology; Division of Biological Sciences; 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Stephen P. Mayfield
- University of California; California Center for Algae Biotechnology; Division of Biological Sciences; 9500 Gilman Drive San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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29
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Davis GA, Kanazawa A, Schöttler MA, Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Rutherford AW, Satoh-Cruz M, Minhas D, Tietz S, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Limitations to photosynthesis by proton motive force-induced photosystem II photodamage. eLife 2016. [PMID: 27697149 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16921.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) generated during photosynthesis is the essential driving force for ATP production; it is also a central regulator of light capture and electron transfer. We investigated the effects of elevated pmf on photosynthesis in a library of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered rates of thylakoid lumen proton efflux, leading to a range of steady-state pmf extents. We observed the expected pmf-dependent alterations in photosynthetic regulation, but also strong effects on the rate of photosystem II (PSII) photodamage. Detailed analyses indicate this effect is related to an elevated electric field (Δψ) component of the pmf, rather than lumen acidification, which in vivo increased PSII charge recombination rates, producing singlet oxygen and subsequent photodamage. The effects are seen even in wild type plants, especially under fluctuating illumination, suggesting that Δψ-induced photodamage represents a previously unrecognized limiting factor for plant productivity under dynamic environmental conditions seen in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry A Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Graduate Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - John E Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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30
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Davis GA, Kanazawa A, Schöttler MA, Kohzuma K, Froehlich JE, Rutherford AW, Satoh-Cruz M, Minhas D, Tietz S, Dhingra A, Kramer DM. Limitations to photosynthesis by proton motive force-induced photosystem II photodamage. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27697149 PMCID: PMC5050024 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thylakoid proton motive force (pmf) generated during photosynthesis is the essential driving force for ATP production; it is also a central regulator of light capture and electron transfer. We investigated the effects of elevated pmf on photosynthesis in a library of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with altered rates of thylakoid lumen proton efflux, leading to a range of steady-state pmf extents. We observed the expected pmf-dependent alterations in photosynthetic regulation, but also strong effects on the rate of photosystem II (PSII) photodamage. Detailed analyses indicate this effect is related to an elevated electric field (Δψ) component of the pmf, rather than lumen acidification, which in vivo increased PSII charge recombination rates, producing singlet oxygen and subsequent photodamage. The effects are seen even in wild type plants, especially under fluctuating illumination, suggesting that Δψ-induced photodamage represents a previously unrecognized limiting factor for plant productivity under dynamic environmental conditions seen in the field. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16921.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffry A Davis
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Graduate Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Atsuko Kanazawa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Kaori Kohzuma
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - John E Froehlich
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | | | - Mio Satoh-Cruz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Deepika Minhas
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - Stefanie Tietz
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Amit Dhingra
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, United States
| | - David M Kramer
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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31
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Treves H, Raanan H, Kedem I, Murik O, Keren N, Zer H, Berkowicz SM, Giordano M, Norici A, Shotland Y, Ohad I, Kaplan A. The mechanisms whereby the green alga Chlorella ohadii, isolated from desert soil crust, exhibits unparalleled photodamage resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:1229-43. [PMID: 26853530 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Excess illumination damages the photosynthetic apparatus with severe implications with regard to plant productivity. Unlike model organisms, the growth of Chlorella ohadii, isolated from desert soil crust, remains unchanged and photosynthetic O2 evolution increases, even when exposed to irradiation twice that of maximal sunlight. Spectroscopic, biochemical and molecular approaches were applied to uncover the mechanisms involved. D1 protein in photosystem II (PSII) is barely degraded, even when exposed to antibiotics that prevent its replenishment. Measurements of various PSII parameters indicate that this complex functions differently from that in model organisms and suggest that C. ohadii activates a nonradiative electron recombination route which minimizes singlet oxygen formation and the resulting photoinhibition. The light-harvesting antenna is very small and carotene composition is hardly affected by excess illumination. Instead of succumbing to photodamage, C. ohadii activates additional means to dissipate excess light energy. It undergoes major structural, compositional and physiological changes, leading to a large rise in photosynthetic rate, lipids and carbohydrate content and inorganic carbon cycling. The ability of C. ohadii to avoid photodamage relies on a modified function of PSII and the dissipation of excess reductants downstream of the photosynthetic reaction centers. The biotechnological potential as a gene source for crop plant improvement is self-evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Treves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Hagai Raanan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Isaac Kedem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Omer Murik
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Hagit Zer
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Simon M Berkowicz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Mario Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Alessandra Norici
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, 60131, Italy
| | - Yoram Shotland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, 84100, Israel
| | - Itzhak Ohad
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Aaron Kaplan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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32
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Ding S, Jiang R, Lu Q, Wen X, Lu C. Glutathione reductase 2 maintains the function of photosystem II in Arabidopsis under excess light. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:665-77. [PMID: 26906429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione reductase plays a crucial role in the elimination of H(2)O(2) molecules via the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. In this study, we used transgenic Arabidopsis plants with decreased glutathione reductase 2 (GR2) levels to investigate whether this GR2 activity protects the photosynthetic machinery under excess light. The transgenic plants were highly sensitive to excess light and accumulated high levels of H(2)O(2). Photosystem II (PSII) activity was significantly decreased in transgenic plants. Flash-induced fluorescence relaxation and thermoluminescence measurements demonstrated inhibition of electron transfer between Q(A) and Q(B) and decreased redox potential of Q(B) in transgenic plants. Immunoblot and blue native gel analysis showed that the levels of PSII proteins and PSII complexes were decreased in transgenic plants. Analyses of the repair of photodamaged PSII and in vivo pulse labeling of thylakoid proteins showed that the repair of photodamaged PSII is inhibited due to the inhibition of the synthesis of the D1 protein de novo in transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that under excess light conditions, GR2 plays an important role in maintaining both the function of the acceptor side of PSII and the repair of photodamaged PSII by preventing the accumulation of H(2)O(2). In addition, our results provide details of the role of H(2)O(2) in vivo accumulation in photoinhibition in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhua Ding
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Congming Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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33
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Majláth I, Darko E, Palla B, Nagy Z, Janda T, Szalai G. Reduced light and moderate water deficiency sustain nitrogen assimilation and sucrose degradation at low temperature in durum wheat. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 191:149-58. [PMID: 26788956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The rate of carbon and nitrogen assimilation is highly sensitive to stress factors, such as low temperature and drought. Little is known about the role of light in the simultaneous effect of cold and drought. The present study thus focused on the combined effect of mild water deficiency and different light intensities during the early cold hardening in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum L.) cultivars with different levels of cold sensitivity. The results showed that reduced illumination decreased the undesirable effects of photoinhibition in the case of net photosynthesis and nitrate reduction, which may help to sustain these processes at low temperature. Mild water deficiency also had a slight positive effect on the effective quantum efficiency of PSII and the nitrate reductase activity in the cold. Glutamine synthesis was affected by light rather than by water deprivation during cold stress. The invertase activity increased to a greater extent by water deprivation, but an increase in illumination also had a facilitating effect on this enzyme. This suggests that both moderate water deficiency and light have an influence on nitrogen metabolism and sucrose degradation during cold hardening. A possible rise in the soluble sugar content caused by the invertase may compensate for the decline in photosynthetic carbon assimilation indicated by the decrease in net photosynthesis. The changes in the osmotic potential can be also correlated to the enhanced level of invertase activity. Both of them were regulated by light at normal water supply, but not at water deprivation in the cold. However, changes in the metabolic enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment could not be directly contributed to the different levels of cold tolerance of the cultivars in the early acclimation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Majláth
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary.
| | - Eva Darko
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Balázs Palla
- Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biochemistry, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi u. 44, Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
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Gimpel JA, Henríquez V, Mayfield SP. In Metabolic Engineering of Eukaryotic Microalgae: Potential and Challenges Come with Great Diversity. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1376. [PMID: 26696985 PMCID: PMC4678203 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The great phylogenetic diversity of microalgae is corresponded by a wide arrange of interesting and useful metabolites. Nonetheless metabolic engineering in microalgae has been limited, since specific transformation tools must be developed for each species for either the nuclear or chloroplast genomes. Microalgae as production platforms for metabolites offer several advantages over plants and other microorganisms, like the ability of GMO containment and reduced costs in culture media, respectively. Currently, microalgae have proved particularly well suited for the commercial production of omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids. Therefore most metabolic engineering strategies have been developed for these metabolites. Microalgal biofuels have also drawn great attention recently, resulting in efforts for improving the production of hydrogen and photosynthates, particularly triacylglycerides. Metabolic pathways of microalgae have also been manipulated in order to improve photosynthetic growth under specific conditions and for achieving trophic conversion. Although these pathways are not strictly related to secondary metabolites, the synthetic biology approaches could potentially be translated to this field and will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Gimpel
- Chemical and Biotechnology Engineering Department, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Vitalia Henríquez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Stephen P Mayfield
- Division of Biological Sciences, California Center for Algae Biotechnology, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA
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35
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Murchie EH, Ali A, Herman T. Photoprotection as a Trait for Rice Yield Improvement: Status and Prospects. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:31. [PMID: 26424004 PMCID: PMC4589542 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation is essential for photosynthesis and global crop productivity but it is also variable in space and time, frequently being limiting or in excess of plant requirements depending on season, environment and microclimate. Photoprotective mechanisms at the chloroplast level help to avoid oxidative stress and photoinhibition, which is a light-induced reduction in photosynthetic quantum efficiency often caused by damage to photosystem II. There is convincing evidence that photoinhibition has a large impact on biomass production in crops and this may be especially high in rice, which is typically exposed to high tropical light levels. Thus far there has been little attention to photoinhibition as a target for improvement of crop yield. However, we now have sufficient evidence to examine avenues for alleviation of this particular stress and the physiological and genetic basis for improvement in rice and other crops. Here we examine this evidence and identify new areas for attention. In particular we discuss how photoprotective mechanisms must be optimised at both the molecular and the canopy level in order to coordinate with efficient photosynthetic regulation and realise an increased biomass and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Asgar Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tiara Herman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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36
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Roach T, Miller R, Aigner S, Kranner I. Diurnal changes in the xanthophyll cycle pigments of freshwater algae correlate with the environmental hydrogen peroxide concentration rather than non-photochemical quenching. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:519-27. [PMID: 25878139 PMCID: PMC4577991 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In photosynthetic organisms exposure to high light induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which in part is prevented by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). As one of the most stable and longest-lived ROS, H2O2 is involved in key signalling pathways in development and stress responses, although in excess it can induce damage. A ubiquitous response to high light is the induction of the xanthophyll cycle, but its role in algae is unclear as it is not always associated with NPQ induction. The aim of this study was to reveal how diurnal changes in the level of H2O2 are regulated in a freshwater algal community. METHODS A natural freshwater community of algae in a temporary rainwater pool was studied, comprising photosynthetic Euglena species, benthic Navicula diatoms, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella species. Diurnal measurements were made of photosynthetic performance, concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and H2O2. The frequently studied model organisms Chlamydomonas and Chlorella species were isolated to study photosynthesis-related H2O2 responses to high light. KEY RESULTS NPQ was shown to prevent H2O2 release in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella species under high light; in addition, dissolved organic carbon excited by UV-B radiation was probably responsible for a part of the H2O2 produced in the water column. Concentrations of H2O2 peaked at 2 µm at midday and algae rapidly scavenged H2O2 rather than releasing it. A vertical H2O2 gradient was observed that was lowest next to diatom-rich benthic algal mats. The diurnal changes in photosynthetic pigments included the violaxanthin and diadinoxanthin cycles; the former was induced prior to the latter, but neither was strictly correlated with NPQ. CONCLUSIONS The diurnal cycling of H2O2 was apparently modulated by the organisms in this freshwater algal community. Although the community showed flexibility in its levels of NPQ, the diurnal changes in xanthophylls correlated with H2O2 concentrations. Alternative NPQ mechanisms in algae involving proteins of the light-harvesting complex type and antioxidant protection of the thylakoid membrane by de-epoxidized carotenoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Institute of Botany, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ramona Miller
- Institute of Botany, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Siegfried Aigner
- Institute of Botany, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Institute of Botany, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Sternwartestraße 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ, Boulouis A, Kahlau S. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: biogenesis, function, and turnover of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2373-400. [PMID: 25540437 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During plant development and in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, large changes in leaf assimilation capacity and in the metabolic consumption of ATP and NADPH produced by the photosynthetic apparatus can occur. To minimize cytotoxic side reactions, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, photosynthetic electron transport needs to be adjusted to the metabolic demand. The cytochrome b6f complex and chloroplast ATP synthase form the predominant sites of photosynthetic flux control. Accordingly, both respond strongly to changing environmental conditions and metabolic states. Usually, their contents are strictly co-regulated. Thereby, the capacity for proton influx into the lumen, which is controlled by electron flux through the cytochrome b6f complex, is balanced with proton efflux through ATP synthase, which drives ATP synthesis. We discuss the environmental, systemic, and metabolic signals triggering the stoichiometry adjustments of ATP synthase and the cytochrome b6f complex. The contribution of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of subunit synthesis, and the importance of auxiliary proteins required for complex assembly in achieving the stoichiometry adjustments is described. Finally, current knowledge on the stability and turnover of both complexes is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Aurel Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Szilvia Z Tóth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alix Boulouis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahlau
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Krujatz F, Lode A, Brüggemeier S, Schütz K, Kramer J, Bley T, Gelinsky M, Weber J. Green bioprinting: Viability and growth analysis of microalgae immobilized in 3D-plotted hydrogels versus suspension cultures. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Anja Lode
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Sophie Brüggemeier
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Kathleen Schütz
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Julius Kramer
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Thomas Bley
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
| | - Jost Weber
- Institute of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering; TU Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Salomon E, Keren N. Acclimation to environmentally relevant Mn concentrations rescues a cyanobacterium from the detrimental effects of iron limitation. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2090-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Salomon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Nir Keren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem Israel
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Roach T, Na CS, Krieger-Liszkay A. High light-induced hydrogen peroxide production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is increased by high CO2 availability. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:759-66. [PMID: 25619314 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an unavoidable part of photosynthesis. Stress that accompanies high light levels and low CO2 availability putatively includes enhanced ROS production in the so-called Mehler reaction. Such conditions are thought to encourage O2 to become an electron acceptor at photosystem I, producing the ROS superoxide anion radical (O2·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). In contrast, here it is shown in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that CO2 depletion under high light levels lowered cellular H2 O2 production, and that elevated CO2 levels increased H2 O2 production. Using various photosynthetic and mitochondrial mutants of C. reinhardtii, the chloroplast was identified as the main source of elevated H2 O2 production under high CO2 availability. High light levels under low CO2 availability induced photoprotective mechanisms called non-photochemical quenching, or NPQ, including state transitions (qT) and high energy state quenching (qE). The qE-deficient mutant npq4 produced more H2 O2 than wild-type cells under high light levels, although less so under high CO2 availability, whereas it demonstrated equal or greater enzymatic H2 O2 -degrading capacity. The qT-deficient mutant stt7-9 produced the same H2 O2 as wild-type cells under high CO2 availability. Physiological levels of H2 O2 were able to hinder qT and the induction of state 2, providing an explanation for why under high light levels and high CO2 availability wild-type cells behaved like stt7-9 cells stuck in state 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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41
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Wittenberg G, Levitan A, Klein T, Dangoor I, Keren N, Danon A. Knockdown of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast protein disulfide isomerase 6 results in reduced levels of photoinhibition and increased D1 synthesis in high light. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:1003-13. [PMID: 24684167 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A chloroplast protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) was previously proposed to regulate translation of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast psbA mRNA, encoding the D1 protein, in response to light. Here we show that AtPDI6, one of 13 Arabidopsis thaliana PDI genes, also plays a role in the chloroplast. We found that AtPDI6 is targeted and localized to the chloroplast. Interestingly, AtPDI6 knockdown plants displayed higher resistance to photoinhibition than wild-type plants when exposed to a tenfold increase in light intensity. The AtPDI6 knockdown plants also displayed a higher rate of D1 synthesis under a similar light intensity. The increased resistance to photoinhibition may not be rationalized by changes in antenna or non-photochemical quenching. Thus, the increased D1 synthesis rate, which may result in a larger proportion of active D1 under light stress, may led to the decrease in photoinhibition. These results suggest that, although the D1 synthesis rates observed in wild-type plants under high light intensities are elevated, repair can potentially occur faster. The findings implicate AtPDI6 as an attenuator of D1 synthesis, modulating photoinhibition in a light-regulated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Wittenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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Schöttler MA, Tóth SZ. Photosynthetic complex stoichiometry dynamics in higher plants: environmental acclimation and photosynthetic flux control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:188. [PMID: 24860580 PMCID: PMC4026699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The composition of the photosynthetic apparatus of higher plants is dynamically adjusted to long-term changes in environmental conditions such as growth light intensity and light quality, and to changing metabolic demands for ATP and NADPH imposed by stresses and leaf aging. By changing photosynthetic complex stoichiometry, a long-term imbalance between the photosynthetic production of ATP and NADPH and their metabolic consumption is avoided, and cytotoxic side reactions are minimized. Otherwise, an excess capacity of the light reactions, relative to the demands of primary metabolism, could result in a disturbance of cellular redox homeostasis and an increased production of reactive oxygen species, leading to the destruction of the photosynthetic apparatus and the initiation of cell death programs. In this review, changes of the abundances of the different constituents of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to environmental conditions and during leaf ontogenesis are summarized. The contributions of the different photosynthetic complexes to photosynthetic flux control and the regulation of electron transport are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Schöttler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam-Golm, Germany
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Demmig-Adams B, Stewart JJ, Adams WW. Multiple feedbacks between chloroplast and whole plant in the context of plant adaptation and acclimation to the environment. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2014; 369:20130244. [PMID: 24591724 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on feedback pathways that serve to match plant energy acquisition with plant energy utilization, and thereby aid in the optimization of chloroplast and whole-plant function in a given environment. First, the role of source-sink signalling in adjusting photosynthetic capacity (light harvesting, photochemistry and carbon fixation) to meet whole-plant carbohydrate demand is briefly reviewed. Contrasting overall outcomes, i.e. increased plant growth versus plant growth arrest, are described and related to respective contrasting environments that either do or do not present opportunities for plant growth. Next, new insights into chloroplast-generated oxidative signals, and their modulation by specific components of the chloroplast's photoprotective network, are reviewed with respect to their ability to block foliar phloem-loading complexes, and, thereby, affect both plant growth and plant biotic defences. Lastly, carbon export capacity is described as a newly identified tuning point that has been subjected to the evolution of differential responses in plant varieties (ecotypes) and species from different geographical origins with contrasting environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, , Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
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Roach T, Krieger-Liszkay A. Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport and photoinhibition. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2014; 15:351-62. [PMID: 24678670 PMCID: PMC4030316 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms and isolated photosystems are of interest for technical applications. In nature, photosynthetic electron transport has to work efficiently in contrasting environments such as shade and full sunlight at noon. Photosynthetic electron transport is regulated on many levels, starting with the energy transfer processes in antenna and ending with how reducing power is ultimately partitioned. This review starts by explaining how light energy can be dissipated or distributed by the various mechanisms of non-photochemical quenching, including thermal dissipation and state transitions, and how these processes influence photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII). Furthermore, we will highlight the importance of the various alternative electron transport pathways, including the use of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor and cyclic flow around photosystem I (PSI), the latter which seem particularly relevant to preventing photoinhibition of photosystem I. The control of excitation pressure in combination with the partitioning of reducing power influences the light-dependent formation of reactive oxygen species in PSII and in PSI, which may be a very important consideration to any artificial photosynthetic system or technical device using photosynthetic organisms.
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45
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Langmann U, Madl P, Türk R, Hofmann W, Brunauer G. Sensitivity of Lichens to Diesel Exhaust under Laboratory Conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jep.2014.513127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Adams WW, Muller O, Cohu CM, Demmig-Adams B. May photoinhibition be a consequence, rather than a cause, of limited plant productivity? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2013; 117:31-44. [PMID: 23695654 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-013-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoinhibition in leaves in response to high and/or excess light, consisting of a decrease in photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic efficiency, is frequently equated to photodamage and often invoked as being responsible for decreased plant growth and productivity. However, a review of the literature reveals that photoinhibited leaves characterized for foliar carbohydrate levels were invariably found to possess high levels of sugars and starch. We propose that photoinhibition should be placed in the context of whole-plant source-sink regulation of photosynthesis. Photoinhibition may represent downregulation of the photosynthetic apparatus in response to excess light when (1) more sugar is produced in leaves than can be utilized by the rest of the plant and/or (2) more light energy is harvested than can be utilized by the chloroplast for the fixation of carbon dioxide into sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0334, USA,
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47
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Roach T, Sedoud A, Krieger-Liszkay A. Acetate in mixotrophic growth medium affects photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and protects against photoinhibition. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1827:1183-90. [PMID: 23791666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a photoautotrophic green alga, which can be grown mixotrophically in acetate-supplemented media (Tris-acetate-phosphate). We show that acetate has a direct effect on photosystem II (PSII). As a consequence, Tris-acetate-phosphate-grown mixotrophic C. reinhardtii cultures are less susceptible to photoinhibition than photoautotrophic cultures when subjected to high light. Spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that thylakoids from mixotrophic C. reinhardtii produced less (1)O2 than those from photoautotrophic cultures. The same was observed in vivo by measuring DanePy oxalate fluorescence quenching. Photoinhibition can be induced by the production of (1)O2 originating from charge recombination events in photosystem II, which are governed by the midpoint potentials (Em) of the quinone electron acceptors. Thermoluminescence indicated that the Em of the primary quinone acceptor (QA/QA(-)) of mixotrophic cells was stabilised while the Em of the secondary quinone acceptor (QB/QB(-)) was destabilised, therefore favouring direct non-radiative charge recombination events that do not lead to (1)O2 production. Acetate treatment of photosystem II-enriched membrane fragments from spinach led to the same thermoluminescence shifts as observed in C. reinhardtii, showing that acetate exhibits a direct effect on photosystem II independent from the metabolic state of a cell. A change in the environment of the non-heme iron of acetate-treated photosystem II particles was detected by low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We hypothesise that acetate replaces the bicarbonate associated to the non-heme iron and changes the environment of QA and QB affecting photosystem II charge recombination events and photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roach
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay, iBiTec-S, CNRS UMR 8221, Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanisme, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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48
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Gimpel JA, Specht EA, Georgianna DR, Mayfield SP. Advances in microalgae engineering and synthetic biology applications for biofuel production. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:489-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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49
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Kasson TMD, Barry BA. Reactive oxygen and oxidative stress: N-formyl kynurenine in photosystem II and non-photosynthetic proteins. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 114:97-110. [PMID: 23161228 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While light is the essential driving force for photosynthetic carbon fixation, high light intensities are toxic to photosynthetic organisms. Prolonged exposure to high light results in damage to the photosynthetic membrane proteins and suboptimal activity, a phenomenon called photoinhibition. The primary target for inactivation is the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center. PSII catalyzes the light-induced oxidation of water at the oxygen-evolving complex. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under photoinhibitory conditions and induce oxidative post translational modifications of amino acid side chains. Specific modification of tryptophan residues to N-formylkynurenine (NFK) occurs in the CP43 and D1 core polypeptides of PSII. The NFK modification has also been detected in other proteins, such as mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and is formed by a non-random, ROS-targeted mechanism. NFK has been shown to accumulate in PSII during conditions of high light stress in vitro. This review provides a summary of what is known about the generation and function of NFK in PSII and other proteins. Currently, the role of ROS in photoinhibition is under debate. Furthermore, the triggers for the degradation and accelerated turnover of PSII subunits, which occur under high light, are not yet identified. Owing to its unique optical and Raman signal, NFK provides a new marker to use in the identification of ROS generation sites in PSII and other proteins. Also, the speculative hypothesis that NFK, and other oxidative modifications of tryptophan, play a role in the PSII damage and repair cycle is discussed. NFK may have a similar function during oxidative stress in other biologic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina M Dreaden Kasson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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50
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Salomon E, Bar-Eyal L, Sharon S, Keren N. Balancing photosynthetic electron flow is critical for cyanobacterial acclimation to nitrogen limitation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012. [PMID: 23201479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen limitation forces photosynthetic organisms to reallocate available nitrogen to essential functions. At the same time, it increases the probability of photo-damage by limiting the rate of energy-demanding metabolic processes, downstream of the photosynthetic apparatus. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria cope with this situation by decreasing the size of their phycobilisome antenna and by modifying their photosynthetic apparatus. These changes can serve two purposes: to provide extra amino-acids and to decrease excitation pressure. We examined the effects of nitrogen limitation on the form and function of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our aim was to study which of the two demands serve as the driving force for the remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus, under different growth conditions. We found that a drastic reduction in light intensity allowed cells to maintain a more functional photosynthetic apparatus: the phycobilisome antenna was bigger, the activity of both photosystems was higher and the levels of photosystem (PS) proteins were higher. Pre-acclimating cells to Mn limitation, under which the activity of both PSI and PSII is diminished, results in a very similar response. The rate of PSII photoinhibition, in nitrogen limited cells, was found to be directly related to the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus. These data indicate that, under our experimental conditions, photo-damage avoidance was the more prominent determinant during the acclimation process. The combinations of limiting factors tested here is by no means artificial. Similar scenarios can take place under environmental conditions and should be taken into account when estimating nutrient limitations in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Salomon
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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