1
|
Liu S, Xu M, Chen B, Li F, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lin G, Chen D, Geng Y, Ou Y, Huang X. The potential mechanism of concentrated mannan-oligosaccharide promoting goldfish's (Carassius auratus Linnaeus) resistance to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis invasion. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109290. [PMID: 38104695 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Because of the low host specificity, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) can widely cause white spot disease in aquatic animals, which is extremely difficult to treat. Prior research has demonstrated a considerable impact of concentrated mannan-oligosaccharide (cMOS) on the prevention of white spot disease in goldfish, but the specific mechanism is still unknown. In this study, transcriptome sequencing, histological analysis, immunofluorescence analysis, phagocytosis activity assay and qRT-PCR assay were used to systematically reveal the potential mechanism of cMOS in supporting the resistance of goldfish (Carrasius auratus) to Ich invasion. According to the transcriptome analysis, the gill tissue of goldfish receiving the cMOS diet showed greater expression of mannose-receptor (MRC) related genes, higher phagocytosis activity, up-regulated expression of phagocytosis-related genes and inflammatory-related genes compared with the control, indicating that cMOS can have an effect on phagocytosis and non-specific immunity of goldfish. After the Ich challenge, transcriptome analysis revealed that cMOS fed goldfish displayed a higher level of phagocytic response, whereas non-cMOS fed goldfish displayed a greater inflammatory reaction. Besides, after Ich infection, cMOS-fed goldfish displayed greater phagocytosis activity, a stronger MRC positive signal, higher expression of genes associated with phagocytosis (ABCB2, C3, MRC), and lower expression of genes associated with inflammation (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-8, TNF-α, NFKB). In conclusion, our experimental results suggest that cMOS may support phagocytosis by binding to MRC on the macrophage cell membrane and change the non-specific immunity of goldfish by stimulating cytokine expression. The results of this study provide new insights for the mechanism of cMOS on parasitic infection, and also suggest phagocytosis-related pathways may be potential targets for prevention of Ich infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senyue Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Baipeng Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fulong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products (China) Co. Ltd, 100060, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Lin
- Beijing Alltech Biological Products (China) Co. Ltd, 100060, Beijing, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tong R, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang N, Liao Q, Pan L. The immunotoxicity mechanism of NH 4Cl exposure to Litopenaeus vannamei based on the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk-haemocytes axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:166876. [PMID: 37709089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen, as a water environmental toxin, poses a potential threat to aquatic animals. Although NH4Cl stress is known to cause immunotoxicity, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the neuroendocrine system to immunotoxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, firstly, using transcriptome analysis of cerebral ganglion and eyestalk in shrimp, we identified significant changes in genes related to biogenic amines, acetylcholine, crustacean hyperglycemic hormones, and neuropeptide F. Additionally, expression patterns of neuroendocrine factors in different tissues of shrimp were evaluated to explore the sources of these factors. Here, we showed that NH4Cl exposure activates acetylcholine (ACh) neurons in cerebral ganglion of shrimp and dramatically upregulates high affinity choline transporter 1 (ChT1) gene expression. The knockdown of ChT1 gene enhanced the immunity of haemocytes in shrimp compared with saline and GFP dsRNA groups. And after eyestalk ablation, the levels of neuroendocrine factors in the cerebral ganglion and thoracic ganglion were disturbed, and haemocytes parameters induced by NH4Cl were significantly decreased. Combined with different doses of NH4Cl exposure experiments, we demonstrated that: (1) In a short period of NH4Cl exposure, the neuroendocrine factors CRH-ACTH-cortisol and 5-HT-DA in the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk axis of shrimp play a major role in regulating haemocytes immunity; (2) With the prolongation of exposure, the immunotoxicity induced by NH4Cl was mainly due to the release of more ACh in the cerebral ganglion, which promoted the release of NPF in the thoracic ganglion, and CHH and NPF in the eyestalk, as well as weakened the effect of biogenic amines. Subsequently, these neuroendocrine factors regulate immunity through intracellular signaling pathways. Collectively, these results established a new mechanism that NH4Cl might directly regulate haemocytes immunotoxicity through the cerebral ganglion and thoracic ganglion; or through the cerebral ganglion-eyestalk axis or cerebral ganglion-thoracic ganglion axis cause haemocytes immunotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basak C, Chakraborty R. Gut-immunity modulation in Lepidocephalichthys guntea during Aeromonas hydrophila-infection and recovery assessed with transcriptome data. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22936. [PMID: 38130423 PMCID: PMC10735050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The fish immune system, which consists of innate and adaptive immunologic processes, defends against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The gut immunity is an integral part of the host immune system that controls immunological homeostasis, hosts' interactions with their microbiomes, and provides defence against a number of intestinal infections. Lepidocephalichthys guntea, a facultative air-breathing fish, was experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using intraperitoneal injection followed by bath challenge, and transcriptome data were used to examine the gut immune responses during disease progression and recovery from the diseased state without the use of medication. For the control or uninfected fish (FGC) and the infected fish that were kept for seven days (FGE1) and fifteen days (FGE2), separate water tanks were set up. Coding DNA sequences (CDS) for FGC and FGE1, FGC and FGE2, and FGE1 and FGE2 were analyzed for differential gene expression (DGE). The presence and expression of genes involved in the T cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathway, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway, and complement-mediated pathway, along with a large number of other immune-related proteins, and heat shock protein (HSPs) under various experimental conditions and its relationship to immune modulation of the fish gut was the primary focus of this study. Significant up-and-down regulation of these pathways shows that, in FGE1, the fish's innate immune system was engaged, whereas in FGE2, the majority of innate immune mechanisms were repressed, and adaptive immunity was activated. Expression of genes related to the immune system and heat-shock proteins was induced during this host's immunological response, and this information was then used to build a thorough network relating to immunity and the heat-shock response. This is the first study to examine the relationship between pathogenic bacterial infection, disease reversal, and modification of innate and adaptive immunity as well as heat shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Basak
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranadhir Chakraborty
- OMICS Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Bao X, Li Z, Zhang Q. Investigation of Gene Networks in Three Components of Immune System Provides Novel Insights into Immune Response Mechanisms against Edwardsiella tarda Infection in Paralichthys olivaceus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2542. [PMID: 37570350 PMCID: PMC10417057 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a quintessential marine teleost, Paralichthys olivaceus demonstrates vulnerability to a range of pathogens. Long-term infection with Edwardsiella tarda significantly inhibits fish growth and even induces death. Gills, blood, and kidneys, pivotal components of the immune system in teleosts, elicit vital regulatory roles in immune response processes including immune cell differentiation, diseased cell clearance, and other immunity-related mechanisms. This study entailed infecting P. olivaceus with E. tarda for 48 h and examining transcriptome data from the three components at 0, 8, and 48 h post-infection employing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Network analyses revealed a series of immune response processes after infection and identified multiple key modules and key, core, and hub genes including xpo1, src, tlr13, stat1, and mefv. By innovatively amalgamating WGCNA and PPI network methodologies, our investigation facilitated an in-depth examination of immune response mechanisms within three significant P. olivaceus components post-E. tarda infection. Our results provided valuable genetic resources for understanding immunity in P. olivaceus immune-related components and assisted us in further exploring the molecular mechanisms of E. tarda infection in teleosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asensio-Calavia P, González-Acosta S, Otazo-Pérez A, López MR, Morales-delaNuez A, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Teleost Piscidins-In Silico Perspective of Natural Peptide Antibiotics from Marine Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050855. [PMID: 37237758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, like all other animals, are exposed to constant contact with microbes, both on their skin and on the surfaces of their respiratory and digestive systems. Fish have a system of non-specific immune responses that provides them with initial protection against infection and allows them to survive under normal conditions despite the presence of these potential invaders. However, fish are less protected against invading diseases than other marine vertebrates because their epidermal surface, composed primarily of living cells, lacks the keratinized skin that serves as an efficient natural barrier in other marine vertebrates. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one type of innate immune protection present in all life forms. AMPs have been shown to have a broader range of biological effects than conventional antibiotics, including antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, and antifungal effects. Although other AMPs, such as defensins and hepcidins, are found in all vertebrates and are relatively well conserved, piscidins are found exclusively in Teleost fish and are not found in any other animal. Therefore, there is less information on the expression and bioactivity of piscidins than on other AMPs. Piscidins are highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in fish and humans and have the potential to be used as pharmacological anti-infectives in biomedicine and aquaculture. To better understand the potential benefits and limitations of using these peptides as therapeutic agents, we are conducting a comprehensive study of the Teleost piscidins included in the "reviewed" category of the UniProt database using bioinformatics tools. They all have amphipathic alpha-helical structures. The amphipathic architecture of piscidin peptides and positively charged residues influence their antibacterial activity. These alpha-helices are intriguing antimicrobial drugs due to their stability in high-salt and metal environments. New treatments for multidrug-resistant bacteria, cancer, and inflammation may be inspired by piscidin peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Asensio-Calavia
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Andrea Otazo-Pérez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel R López
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio Morales-delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112210. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while S. aureus was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, Si Q, Du S, Du J, Ren Q. Molecular identification and functional analysis of a tumor necrosis factor superfamily gene from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 134:104456. [PMID: 35636588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the most important cytokines involved in various biological processes in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the present study, a new member of the TNF superfamily (named EsTNFSF) was identified from the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The full-length cDNA of EsTNFSF is 2462 bp and encodes a polypeptide with 499 amino acids. The deduced EsTNFSF protein contained a transmembrane region and a conserved extracellular C-terminal TNF domain. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that EsTNFSF was closely related to other TNFSFs from crustaceans. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that EsTNFSF was expressed in all the tissues examined, and the highest expression was found in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of EsTNFSF in hemocytes underwent a time-dependent and variable degree of enhancement after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Functionally, EsTNFSF knockdown by siRNA suppressed the transcriptional levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and two antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin. Furthermore, purified recombinant EsTNFSF protein accelerated the bacterial clearance in vivo and inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus in vitro. The results revealed that EsTNFSF, as an inducible immune response gene, plays a crucial role in the antibacterial immune defense of E. sinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Qin Si
- Biodiversity and Biosafety Research Center, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, 8 Jiangwangmiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Shenghao Du
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Jie Du
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, Jiangsu, 212400, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Peixoto D, Machado M, Azeredo R, Costas B. Chronic Inflammation Modulates Opioid Receptor Gene Expression and Triggers Respiratory Burst in a Teleost Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050764. [PMID: 35625492 PMCID: PMC9138576 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stress-inducing husbandry and rearing conditions, bacterial infections or parasitic diseases may all lead to chronic inflammation. The immune response will then channel energy away from growth, reproduction and other important physiological processes, to fuel immune-related metabolic responses. The present study aims to unravel the mechanisms and contribute with new information on the molecular, cellular and humoral parameters of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) undergoing chronic inflammation that can be used as health indicators for application in fish health management. European seabass individuals were intra-peritoneally injected with either Freund’s Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA) to induce inflammation or Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) to serve as sham. Fish were sampled at 24 h, 7, 14 and 21 days post-injection and blood, plasma and head-kidney were collected. The results found were clear indicators of an inflamed peritoneal cavity and an ongoing systemic immune response that persisted for at least 21 days. Locally, inflammation was characterized by an intense recruitment of immune cells that was still evident 21 days after injection, thus illustrating the chronic character of the immune response. Cellular response was also noticed peripherally with leukocyte numbers rising in the blood of FIA-injected fish. Furthermore, the cellular-mediated respiratory burst peaked at 21 days post-FIA injection, suggesting that phagocytes were still actively fighting the phlogistic agent. Regarding the head-kidney molecular analysis, cxcr4 and il34 appear to be good markers of a chronic inflammation response due to their importance for pathways with high relevance in chronic inflammation settings. In addition, opioid receptor nopr seems to be a good marker of a chronic inflammation response due to its role in detecting noxious stimuli. The present study can serve as a baseline to assess long-term immune-related responses in future studies. For that, more research is nonetheless required to select more responsive and specific molecular markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Peixoto
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.C.)
| | - Marina Machado
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rita Azeredo
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Benjamín Costas
- CIIMAR—Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.M.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu ZB, Meng KF, Ding LG, Wu S, Han GK, Zhai X, Sun RH, Yu YY, Ji W, Xu Z. Dynamic Interaction Between Mucosal Immunity and Microbiota Drives Nose and Pharynx Homeostasis of Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) After SVCV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:769775. [PMID: 34804060 PMCID: PMC8601392 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.769775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between the immune system and microbiota drives an amazingly complex mutualistic symbiosis. In mammals, the upper respiratory tract acts as a gateway for pathogen invasion, and the dynamic interaction between microbiota and mucosal immunity on its surface can effectively prevent disease development. However, the relationship between virus-mediated mucosal immune responses and microbes in lower vertebrates remains uncharacterized. In this study, we successfully constructed an infection model by intraperitoneally injecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV). In addition to the detection of the SVCV in the nose and pharynx of common carp, we also identified obvious histopathological changes following viral infection. Moreover, numerous immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in the nose and pharynx at the peak of SVCV infection, after which the expression levels decreased to levels similar to those of the control group. Transcriptome sequencing results revealed that pathways associated with bacterial infection in the Toll-like receptor pathway and the Nod-like receptor pathway were activated in addition to the virus-related Rig-I-like receptor pathway after SVCV infection, suggesting that viral infection may be followed by opportunistic bacterial infection in these mucosal tissues. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we further identified an upward trend in pathogenic bacteria on the mucosal surface of the nose and pharynx 4 days after SVCV infection, after which these tissues eventually reached new homeostasis. Taken together, our results suggest that the dynamic interaction between mucosal immunity and microbiota promotes the host to a new ecological state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ben Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai-Feng Meng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Guo Ding
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Kun Han
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ru-Han Sun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Yao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Yang C, Liu J, Huang T, Lin L, Gu L, Li Z, Chen M. Functional characterization of a putative tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 in blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104172. [PMID: 34271064 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), also known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or Apo-2L, is one of the important members of the TNF superfamily. It is well demonstrated that TNFSF10 preferentially induces a variety of tumor cell apoptosis, and therefore exerts an important role in tumor immune surveillance. However, the function of TNFSF10 in pathogen defense is poorly understood, especially in invertebrates. The blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), an important commercial marine bivalve, plays an important ecological role in the marine ecosystem. The identification of immune genes will provide new perspective for disease control in the blood clam (T. granosa) farming. To better understand the biological function of TNFSF10 protein, the full-length cDNA of TNFSF10 homologous gene of T. granosa (TgTNFSF10) was cloned and identified for the first time, which was found to contain 1239 base pairs and encode 254 amino acids with a molecular weight of 29.5 kDa and a conserved TNF domain in the C-terminal. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that TgTNFSF10 gene was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in hemocytes. LPS, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus stimulations dramatically increased the expression of TgTNFSF10 in T. granosa (11.47-fold, 3.71-fold and 8.29-fold compared with the control respectively). In vitro experiments showed that recombinant TgTNFSF10 protein strongly inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells. Further confocal microscopy and flow cytometry analysis showed that obvious apoptosis occurred in TgTNFSF10-treated hemocytes and HepG2 cells. To sum up, our study demonstrated that TgTNFSF10 had strong apoptosis-inducing activity, which may participate in the innate immune response of T. granosa to pathogen invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, PR China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Tengda Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Li Gu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ortega VA, Mercer EM, Giesbrecht GF, Arrieta MC. Evolutionary Significance of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis on Vertebrate Immunity and the Influence of the Microbiome on Early-Life Stress Regulation and Health Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634539. [PMID: 33897639 PMCID: PMC8058197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is broadly defined as the non-specific biological response to changes in homeostatic demands and is mediated by the evolutionarily conserved neuroendocrine networks of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of these networks results in transient release of glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine) into circulation, as well as activation of sympathetic fibers innervating end organs. These interventions thus regulate numerous physiological processes, including energy metabolism, cardiovascular physiology, and immunity, thereby adapting to cope with the perceived stressors. The developmental trajectory of the stress-axis is influenced by a number of factors, including the gut microbiome, which is the community of microbes that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract immediately following birth. The gut microbiome communicates with the brain through the production of metabolites and microbially derived signals, which are essential to human stress response network development. Ecological perturbations to the gut microbiome during early life may result in the alteration of signals implicated in developmental programming during this critical window, predisposing individuals to numerous diseases later in life. The vulnerability of stress response networks to maladaptive development has been exemplified through animal models determining a causal role for gut microbial ecosystems in HPA axis activity, stress reactivity, and brain development. In this review, we explore the evolutionary significance of the stress-axis system for health maintenance and review recent findings that connect early-life microbiome disturbances to alterations in the development of stress response networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van A Ortega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gerald F Giesbrecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Owerko Centre, The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß Induces IFN-γ, IL-4/13A, and IL-17A Expression in Atlantic Salmon. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9040082. [PMID: 32326041 PMCID: PMC7235720 DOI: 10.3390/biology9040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of GATA-3, T-bet and TGF-ß may theoretically induce IL-4/A, IFN-γ and IL-17A expression, respectively. Whether this also applies to fish is not yet known. The plasmid vectors encoding reporter gene (RFP)-tagged T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß were used as overexpression tools, transfected into cells or injected intramuscularly to monitor the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4/13A and IL-17A. In addition, the fish were either experimentally challenged with Vibrio anguillarum (VA group) or Piscirickettsia salmonis (PS group). The reporter gene (RFP) inserted upstream of the GATA-3, T-bet and TGF-ß genes, was observed in muscle cell nuclei and in inflammatory cells after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. PS group: following the injection of GATA-3 and T-bet-encoding plasmids, the expression of GATA-3 and T-bet was high at the injection site. The spleen expression of IFN-γ, following the injection of a T-bet-encoding plasmid, was significantly higher on day 2. VA group: The T-bet and GATA-3-overexpressing fish expressed high T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA levels in the muscles and on day 4 post-challenge. The expression of TGF-ß in the muscles of fish injected with TGF-ß-encoding plasmids was significantly higher on days 7 (8 days pre-challenge) and 19 (4 days after challenge). The protective effects of the overexpression of T-bet, GATA-3 and TGF-ß on both bacterial infections were negligible.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin G, Zheng M, Gao D, Li S, Fang W, Huang J, Xie J, Liu J, Liu Y, Li Z, Lu J. Hypoosmotic stress induced tissue-specific immune responses of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) revealed by transcriptomic analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:473-482. [PMID: 32070785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a limiting factor for many marine organisms, including fishes. The shift in the ambient salinity can cause osmotic stress and arouse immune responses in fish. In this study, yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus), a euryhaline marine teleost, was used to investigate immune responses of different tissues (gill, liver, and muscle) under hypoosmotic stress. Comparative transcriptomic and physiological analyses of three tissues were conducted after fish exposed to the fresh water (FW, salinity = 0 ppt), low-saline water (LW, salinity = 3 ppt), and brackish water (BW, salinity = 6 ppt) for 8 days. The results showed that hypoosmotic stress dramatically altered the gene expression of three tissues in yellowfin seabream; The investigation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to osmoregulation and immune response indicated that T cell-mediate immunity pathways were essential to tackle such stress. In terms of tissues, gill was found to be the most sensitive tissue under hypoosmotic stress by enhancing of Na+K+-ATPase activity and preventing the loss of Na+ and K+; Liver, on the other hand, was under the most sever oxidative stress indicated by the fluctuation of SOD, CAT activities and the MDA content; In contrast, muscle had the least osmoregulation and immune related response. We also identified several potential candidate genes, which may serve as gene indicators to identify the stressor. Overall, this study provides preliminary mechanistic insights into hypoosmotic stress adaption of aquatic organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genmei Lin
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Dong Gao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Wenyu Fang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jingui Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jingxiong Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Zhaohong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu G, Li Z, Yang M, Lin L, Liu J, Chen M. Functional characterization of a putative lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF) from blood clam Tegillarca granosa in innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:390-402. [PMID: 31866450 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha factor (LITAF), as a transcription factor, activates the transcription of TNF and other cytokines in inflammatory response upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In the present study, we cloned and identified the full-length cDNA of LITAF homolog from blood clam Tegillarca granosa for the first time. The full-length cDNA of TgLITAF was 1801 bp encoding a polypeptide of 147 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 16.13 kDa. TgLITAF contained a zf-LITAF-like zinc ribbon domain at the C-terminal of the protein and the TgLITAF domain showed 48-74% amino acid sequence identity with other known LITAFs from other species. Subcellular localization study showed that TgLITAF was mainly expressed in the nucleus. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the TgLITAF transcription expressed constitutively in all the examined tissues with the highest expression level in the gills. After LPS or V. alginolyticus treatment, expression of TgLITAF in hemocytes was both up-regulated significantly at 3-6 h. Furthermore, in vitro study indicated that overexpression of TgLITAF in HeLa cells resulted in the activation of TNFα, p53, and influenced the expression levels of apoptotic-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-6, and Caspase-7. The proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited by overexpression of TgLITAF. Apoptotic fluorescence assay further revealed that TgLITAF participated in the apoptotic process of HeLa cells. Western blotting analysis showed that overexpression of TgLITAF increased endogenous level of cleaved Caspase-7. Taken together, these results revealed that TgLITAF participates in the innate immune response to the pathogen invasion in blood clams and induces apoptosis in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Minghan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Linjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jinqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Du X, Li D, Li Y, Wu J, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Pan X, Yu G, Yang S, Zeng X. Clone, identification and functional character of two toll-like receptor 5 molecules in Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:81-92. [PMID: 31610291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammal Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) can directly recognize bacterial flagellin, initiate the inflammatory signaling cascades and trigger body immune system to clear the "non-self" substances. In teleosts, TLR5 has presented more complexes not only in increasing the molecular types, but also in elevating the functional diversity. In this study, we identified two TLR5 family members in Schizothorax prenanti, named as spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of spTLR5-1 is 2622 bp, encoding 873 amino acids, while the complete CDS of spTLR5-2 is 2640 bp, encoding 879 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 were clustered to the TLR5 of schizothorax richardsonii and Cyprinus carpio respectively. The 3D structure analysis exhibited that the α-helix, β-sheet, and the ligand binding site of spTLR5-1, spTLR5-2 and human TLR5 have large differences. The spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 had extensively expressed in various tissues, including the higher expression in liver, spleen and head kidney. Both the expression levels of spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 were significantly up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) challenge. And, the downstream genes, such as AP-1, IKK-α, NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, were also significantly up-regulated after A. hydrophila challenge. Apart from that, the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the co-transfection of spTLR5-1 or spTLR5-2 into HEK293T cells showed the significantly increased NF-kB luciferase activity after flagellin stimulation. In conclusion, our results reveal that both two molecular types of fish TLR5 may commonly mediate the recognition of flagellin and the activation of the downstream inflammatory signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Onoue T, Nishi G, Hikima JI, Sakai M, Kono T. Circadian oscillation of TNF-α gene expression regulated by clock gene, BMAL1 and CLOCK1, in the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:362-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Jang JH, Kim H, Cho JH. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of TRAF6 and TAK1 in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:927-936. [PMID: 30391533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
TRAF6 and TAK1 are known to play important roles in vertebrate innate immunity as molecular bridge, linking upstream toll-like receptors (TLRs) with the downstream MAPK and NF-κB signalling pathways. However, their roles in TLR signalling pathway have yet to be fully described in fish. Here we identified genes encoding TRAF6 (OmTRAF6) and TAK1 (OmTAK1) from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and examined their roles during pathogenic infections. The deduced amino acid sequences of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 contained the characteristic domains conserved in the TRAF and TAK1 families, respectively (OmTRAF6: RING, two TRAF-type zinc fingers, CCR and MATH domains; OmTAK1: STKc and CCR domains). In RTH-149 cells, the expression of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 was increased by stimulation with Edwardsiella tarda and LPS. Silencing of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 in RTH-149 cells negatively regulated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK. TAK1 inhibitor (5z)-7-Oxozeaenol significantly decreased the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB in RTH-149 cells. In addition, silencing of OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 significantly decreased the expression of MAPKs and NF-κB downstream target genes induced by LPS in RTH-149 cells. These findings suggest that OmTRAF6 and OmTAK1 might function like those of mammals to regulate bacteria-triggered signalling pathway in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hye Jang
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Srivastava A, Nigam AK, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Role of aloin in the modulation of certain immune parameters in skin mucus of an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:252-261. [PMID: 29242133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of immune system seems to be the most promising method of preventing fish diseases. Several herbal products have immunostimulant properties, and are environmental friendly, economical and can act against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Present study was designed with an aim to evaluate the role of aloin, extracted from a herb Aloe barbadensis, in the modulation of certain immune parameters in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Fishes were divided into control, vehicle control and aloin treated groups. Experiments were conducted for 7 days and fishes from the three groups were analyzed at 2d, 4d, 6d and 8d. The results demonstrated that at different intervals, L. rohita administered with aloin showed a significant increase in the activity of enzymes - lysozyme, protease, carboxylesterase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, catalase and peroxidase, and non-enzymatic factors hemagglutinin and alternate complement compared with that of the controls. Thus, it can be concluded that administration of aloin is beneficial in enhancing the immune response and hence it can be used as potent immunostimulant in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwini Kumar Nigam
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abo-Al-Ela HG. Hormones and fish monosex farming: A spotlight on immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:23-30. [PMID: 29079204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a promising and developing industry worldwide. One of the first step in monosex culturing, particularly in Nile tilapia, is the production of all-male fry; hormones are widely used in this respect. It is known that exogenous treatment with hormones disrupts various systems in the body including the immune and endocrine systems. There has been a growing interest in how hormones shape the biology of the fish. Many researchers all over the world explored how androgen can interact with many of the body systems; however, rarely any of them tried to improve the hormonal method or to find an alternative. The gate is open for research in this field. This review focusses on the potential effects of hormones, particularly androgens on fish immunity, and the up to date solutions (however, they are rare).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Animal Health Research Institute, Shibin Al-Kom Branch, Agriculture Research Centre, El-Minufiya, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Valenzuela CA, Zuloaga R, Poblete-Morales M, Vera-Tobar T, Mercado L, Avendaño-Herrera R, Valdés JA, Molina A. Fish skeletal muscle tissue is an important focus of immune reactions during pathogen infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 73:1-9. [PMID: 28279806 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in mammals can express and secrete immune-related molecules during pathogen infection. Despite in fish is known that classical immune tissues participate in innate immunity, the role of skeletal muscle in this function is poorly understood. To determine the immunocompetence of fish skeletal muscle, juvenile fine flounder (Paralichthys adpersus) were challenged with Vibrio ordalii. Different Toll-like receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, Il-1β, and IL-8), and immune-effector molecules (NKEF and the antimicrobial peptides hepcidin and LEAP-2) were analyzed. Infection initially triggered IL-1β upregulation and P38-MAPK/AP-1 pathway activation. Next, the NFĸB pathway was activated, together with an upregulation of intracellular Toll-like receptor expressions (tlr3, tlr8a tlr9, and tlr21), TNFα production, and leap-2 expression. Finally, transcriptions of il-1β, il-8, tnfα, nkef-a, and hepcidin were also upregulated. These results suggest that fish skeletal muscle is an immunologically active organ that could play an important role against pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián A Valenzuela
- Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
| | - Matías Poblete-Morales
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, 2520000 Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | - Tamara Vera-Tobar
- Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, 8370146 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Mercado
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, 2520000 Viña del Mar, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Universidad Andres Bello, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile; Universidad Andres Bello, Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu G, Chen M, Yu C, Wang W, Yang L, Li Z, Wang W, Chen J. Molecular cloning, characterization and functional analysis of a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MEKK4) from blood clam Tegillarca granosa. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:372-381. [PMID: 28476674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades stand for one of the most important signaling mechanisms in response to environmental stimuli. In the present study, we cloned and identified for the first time the full-length cDNA of MAPK kinase kinase 4 (TgMEKK4) from Blood clam Tegillarca granosa using rapid amplification of cDNA ends method. The full-length cDNA of TgMEKK4 was of 1605 bp in length, encoding a polypeptide of 364 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41.22 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point of 6.29. The conserved MEKK4-domain was identified in TgMEKK4 by SMART program analysis. Homology analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of TgMEKK4 with other known sequences revealed that TgMEKK4 shared 58%-80% identity to MEKK4s from other species. TgMEKK4 mRNA transcripts could be detected in all tissues examined with the highest expression level in the gill by qRT-PCR. The mRNA expression of TgMEKK4 was up-regulated significantly in hemocytes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges. Overexpression of TgMEKK4 in HEK 293T cells resulted in the activation of JNK and ERK, but not p38. Consistently, In vivo study indicated that LPS stimulation enhanced JNK, ERK and p38 phosphorylation in blood clams. These results suggest that TgMEKK4 is a powerful factor in the regulation of genes that may be involved in innate immune response of blood clam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China.
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Lirong Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nynca J, Arnold G, Fröhlich T, Ciereszko A. Proteomic identification of rainbow trout blood plasma proteins and their relationship to seminal plasma proteins. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nynca
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| | - Georg Arnold
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis; Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; Munich Germany
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology; Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research; Polish Academy of Sciences; Olsztyn Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li W, Wang Q, Li S, Jiang A, Sun W. Molecular cloning, genomic structure, polymorphism analysis and recombinant expression of a α1-antitrypsin like gene from swamp eel, Monopterus albus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:124-138. [PMID: 28108341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a highly polymorphic glycoprotein antiprotease, involved in the regulation of human immune response. Beyond some genomic characterization and a few protein characterizations, the function of teleost AAT remains uncertain. In this study we cloned an AAT-like gene from a swamp eel liver identifying four exons and three introns, and the full-length cDNA. The elucidated swamp eel AAT amino acid sequence showed high homology with known AATs from other teleosts. The swamp eel AAT was examined both in ten healthy tissues and in four bacterially-stimulated tissues resulting in up-regulation of swamp eel AAT at different times. Swamp eel AAT transcripts were ubiquitously but unevenly expressed in ten tissues. Further, the mature peptide sequence of swamp eel AAT was subcloned and transformed into E. coli with the recombinant proteins successfully inhibiting bovine trypsin activity. Analysis of recombinant AAT showed equimolar formation of irreversible complexes with proteinases, high stability at pH 7.0-10.0 and temperatures below 55 °C. Serum AAT protein level significantly increased in response to inflammation with AAT anti-sera, and, NF-κB, apolipoprotein A1 and transferrin gene expression were dramatically decreased over 72 h post recombinant AAT injection. Lastly, examination of swamp eel AAT allelic polymorphism identified all alleles in both healthy and diseased stock except allele*g, found only in diseased stock, but without statistical difference between the distribution frequency of allele*g in the two stocks. These results are crucial to our ongoing study of the role of teleost AAT in the innate immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, PR China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Quanhe Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Shaobin Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Ao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, PR China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng CH, Luo SW, Ye CX, Wang AL, Guo ZX. Identification, characterization and expression analysis of tumor suppressor protein p53 from pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) after the Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:312-322. [PMID: 27815196 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 plays a critical role in cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA repair. In this study, the full-length pufferfish p53 (Pf-p53) was obtained, containing an open reading frame of 1095 bp, a 5'UTR of 157 bp and a 3'UTR of 285 bp with a poly (A) tail. The Pf-p53 encoded a polypeptide of 364 amino acids with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.03 and predicted molecular weight of 40.6 kDa. Pf-p53 was ubiquitously expressed in various tissues with a high-level expression in kidney, liver and gill. Vibrio alginolyticus challenge could induce ROS production and disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis, subsequently leading to the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis, while the Vibrio alginolyticus-induced oxidative stress can also increase the non-specific immunity. The pufferfish challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus showed a sharp increase of Pf-p53 transcript in liver. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Pf-p53 was primarily localized in nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of Pf-p53 in Hela cells could inhibit cell proliferation and the transcriptional activities of the NF-ĸB promoter. Taken together, our results indicated that Pf-p53 may play an important role in the immune response to Vibrio alginolyticus challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chao-Xia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Zhi-Xun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chaturvedi P, Dhanik M, Pande A. Molecular Characterization and In Silico Analysis of Defensin From Tor putitora (Hamilton). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 7:207-15. [PMID: 26162426 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-015-9197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are vital constituents of innate immune system. In fish, one of the most important AMP is β-defensin that has a potential to activate the adaptive immune system. β-defensin is a cysteine-arginine-rich cationic AMP with broad spectrum activity against microbes. In this study, we identified cloned and characterized β-defensin 1 from Tor putitora, a cold water fish species also known as mahseer. An open reading frame of β-defensin 1 was amplified, cloned and sequenced which encodes a peptide of 67 amino acid residues. The pro-peptide includes a signal peptide comprising 24 amino acids as predicted by Signal P along with a mature peptide of 43 amino acid residues. Tor putitora β-defensin 1 (TP-βdf1) has a molecular weight of 4.6 kDa with a pI of 8.35. Six cysteine residues are present in the mature peptide which is a characteristic feature of defensins. All six cysteine residues are involved in the formation of three intra-molecular disulfide bonds. Three-dimensional modeling of mature peptide of TP-βdf1 was carried out using Modeller 9.10, and validated TP-βdf1 model revealed three β-sheets. The cysteine residues form three disulfide bonds in the pattern of Cys(1)-Cys(5), Cys(2)-Cys(4), Cys(3)-Cys(6) stabilizing the β-sheet. Structural analysis revealed three β-strands and an α-helix at the N terminus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the β-defensin 1 of Tor putitora was close to Megalobrama amblycephala which possibly suggests that TP-βdf1 peptide sequence is quite similar to β-defensin peptide sequences of carps and minnows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Havixbeck JJ, Barreda DR. Neutrophil Development, Migration, and Function in Teleost Fish. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:715-34. [PMID: 26561837 PMCID: PMC4690015 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
It is now widely recognized that neutrophils are sophisticated cells that are critical to host defense and the maintenance of homeostasis. In addition, concepts such as neutrophil plasticity are helping to define the range of phenotypic profiles available to cells in this group and the physiological conditions that contribute to their differentiation. Herein, we discuss key features of the life of a teleost neutrophil including their development, migration to an inflammatory site, and contributions to pathogen killing and the control of acute inflammation. The potent anti-microbial mechanisms elicited by these cells in bony fish are a testament to their long-standing evolutionary contributions in host defense. In addition, recent insights into their active roles in the control of inflammation prior to induction of apoptosis highlight their importance to the maintenance of host integrity in these early vertebrates. Overall, our goal is to summarize recent progress in our understanding of this cell type in teleost fish, and to provide evolutionary context for the contributions of this hematopoietic lineage in host defense and an efficient return to homeostasis following injury or infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada.
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Azeredo R, Pérez-Sánchez J, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Fouz B, Tort L, Aragão C, Oliva-Teles A, Costas B. European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Immune Status and Disease Resistance Are Impaired by Arginine Dietary Supplementation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139967. [PMID: 26447480 PMCID: PMC4598043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and fish feeds management are probably the major expenses in the aquaculture business. Hence, it is a priority to define sustainable strategies which simultaneously avoid therapeutic procedures and reinforce fish immunity. Currently, one preferred approach is the use of immunostimulants which can be supplemented to the fish diets. Arginine is a versatile amino acid with important mechanisms closely related to the immune response. Aiming at finding out how arginine affects the innate immune status or improve disease resistance of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) against vibriosis, fish were fed two arginine-supplemented diets (1% and 2% arginine supplementation). A third diet meeting arginine requirement level for seabass served as control diet. Following 15 or 29 days of feeding, fish were sampled for blood, spleen and gut to assess cell-mediated immune parameters and immune-related gene expression. At the same time, fish from each dietary group were challenged against Vibrio anguillarum and survival was monitored. Cell-mediated immune parameters such as the extracellular superoxide and nitric oxide decreased in fish fed arginine-supplemented diets. Interleukins and immune-cell marker transcripts were down-regulated by the highest supplementation level. Disease resistance data were in accordance with a generally depressed immune status, with increased susceptibility to vibriosis in fish fed arginine supplemented diets. Altogether, these results suggest a general inhibitory effect of arginine on the immune defences and disease resistance of European seabass. Still, further research will certainly clarify arginine immunomodulation pathways thereby allowing the validation of its potential as a prophylactic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Belén Fouz
- Department of Microbiology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Valencia, Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluis Tort
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia Animal i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, edf. 7, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP), 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tran NT, Gao ZX, Zhao HH, Yi SK, Chen BX, Zhao YH, Lin L, Liu XQ, Wang WM. Transcriptome analysis and microsatellite discovery in the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:72-82. [PMID: 25681750 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala, is a herbivorous freshwater fish species native to China and a major aquaculture species in Chinese freshwater polyculture systems. In recent years, the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila has been reported to be its pathogen causing great losses of farmed fish. To understand the immune response of the blunt snout bream to A. hydrophila infection, we used the Solexa/Illumina technology to analyze the transcriptomic profile after artificial bacterial infection. Two nonnormalized cDNA libraries were synthesized from tissues collected from control blunt snout bream or those injected with A. hydrophila. After assembly, 155,052 unigenes (average length 692.8 bp) were isolated. All unigenes were annotated using BLASTX relative to several public databases: the National Center for Biotechnology Information nonreduntant (Nr) database, SwissProt, Eukaryotic Orthologous Groups of proteins (KOG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Ontology (GO). The sequence similarity (86%) of the assembled unigenes was to zebrafish based on the Nr database. A number of unigenes (n = 30,482) were assigned to three GO categories: biological processes (25,242 unigenes), molecular functions (26,096 unigenes), and cellular components (22,778 unigenes). 20,909 unigenes were classified into 25 KOG categories and 28,744 unigenes were assigned into 315 specific signaling pathways. In total, 238 significantly differentially expressed unigenes (mapped to 125 genes) were identified: 101 upregulated genes and 24 downregulated genes. Another 303 unigenes were mapped to unknown or novel genes. Among the known expressed genes identified, 53 were immune-related genes and were distributed in 71 signaling pathways. The expression patterns of selected up- and downregulated genes from the control and injected groups were determined with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Microsatellites (n = 10,877), including di-to pentanucleotide repeat motifs, were also identified in the blunt snout bream transcriptome profiles. This study extends our understanding of the immune defense mechanisms of the blunt snout bream against A. hydrophila and provides useful data for further studies of the immunogenetics of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Ze-Xia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hong-Hao Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shao-Kui Yi
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Bo-Xiang Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Research Center of Haid Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 511400, China.
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wei J, Gao P, Zhang P, Guo M, Xu M, Wei S, Yan Y, Qin Q. Isolation and function analysis of apolipoprotein A-I gene response to virus infection in grouper. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:396-404. [PMID: 25613342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins, synthesized mainly in liver and intestine and bounded to lipids, play important roles in lipid transport and uptake through the circulation system. In this study, an apolipoprotein A-I gene homologue was cloned from orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (designed as Ec-ApoA-I) by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA of Ec-ApoA-I was comprised of 1278 bp with a 792 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a putative protein of 264 amino acids. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that Ec-ApoA-I was abundant in liver and intestine, and the expression in liver was significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated after the stimulation of LPS, Poly(I:C), Vibrio alginolyticus, and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV). Recombinant Ec-ApoA-I (rEc-ApoA-I) was produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expression system exhibited bacteriolyticactivity against Microcococcus lysodeikticus and Aeromonas hydrophila. Intracellular localization revealed that Ec-ApoA-I distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and predominantly in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of Ec-ApoA-I in grouper Brain (GB) cells could inhibit the replication of SGIV. These results together indicated that Ec-ApoA-I perhaps is involved in the responses to bacterial and viral challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Pin Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Teaching Center of Biology Experiment, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Minglan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Exploitation of Tropical Biotic Resources, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Shina Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sandmeier FC, Tracy RC. The Metabolic Pace-of-Life Model: Incorporating Ectothermic Organisms into the Theory of Vertebrate Ecoimmunology. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:387-95. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
Cecchini S, Paciolla M, Biffali E, Borra M, Ursini MV, Lioi MB. Ontogenetic profile of innate immune related genes and their tissue-specific expression in brown trout, Salmo trutta (Linnaeus, 1758). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:988-992. [PMID: 23765117 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system is a fundamental defense weapon of fish, especially during early stages of development when acquired immunity is still far from being completely developed. The present study aims at looking into ontogeny of innate immune system in the brown trout, Salmo trutta, using RT-PCR based approach. Total RNA extracted from unfertilized and fertilized eggs and hatchlings at 0, 1 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 weeks post-fertilization was subjected to RT-PCR using self-designed primers to amplify some innate immune relevant genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β and lysozyme c-type). The constitutive expression of β-actin was detected in all developmental stages. IL-1β and TNF-α transcripts were detected from 4 week post-fertilization onwards, whereas TGF-β transcript was detected only from 7 week post-fertilization onwards. Lysozyme c-type transcript was detected early from unfertilized egg stage onwards. Similarly, tissues such as muscle, ovary, heart, brain, gill, testis, liver, intestine, spleen, skin, posterior kidney, anterior kidney and blood collected from adult brown trout were subjected to detection of all selected genes by RT-PCR. TNF-α and lysozyme c-type transcripts were expressed in all tissues. IL-1β and TGF-β transcripts were expressed in all tissues except for the brain and liver, respectively. Taken together, our results show a spatial-temporal expression of some key innate immune-related genes, improving the basic knowledge of the function of innate immune system at early stage of brown trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cecchini
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vera-Jimenez NI, Pietretti D, Wiegertjes GF, Nielsen ME. Comparative study of β-glucan induced respiratory burst measured by nitroblue tetrazolium assay and real-time luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:1216-1222. [PMID: 23454430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory burst is an important feature of the immune system. The increase in cellular oxygen uptake that marks the initiation of the respiratory burst is followed by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide which plays a role in the clearance of pathogens and tissue regeneration processes. Therefore, the respiratory burst and associated ROS constitute important indicators of fish health status. This paper compares two methods for quantitation of ROS produced during the respiratory burst in common carp: the widely used, single-point measurement based on the intracellular reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and a real-time luminol-enhanced assay based on the detection of native chemiluminescence. Both assays allowed for detection of dose-dependent changes in magnitude of the respiratory burst response induced by β-glucans in head kidney cells of carp. However, whereas the NBT assay was shown to detect the production of only superoxide anions, the real-time luminol-enhanced assay could detect the production of both superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Only the chemiluminescence assay could reliably record the production of ROS on a real-time scale at frequent and continual time intervals for time course experiments, providing more detailed information on the respiratory burst response. The real-time chemiluminescence assay was used to measure respiratory burst activity in macrophage and neutrophilic granulocyte-enriched head kidney cell fractions and total head kidney cell suspensions and proved to be a fast, reliable, automated multiwell microplate assay to quantitate fish health status modulated by β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Vera-Jimenez
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Division for Industrial Food Technology, Biological Quality Research Group, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hwang JW, Lee SJ, Kim YS, Kim EK, Ahn CB, Jeon YJ, Moon SH, Jeon BT, Park PJ. Purification and characterization of a novel peptide with inhibitory effects on colitis induced mice by dextran sulfate sodium from enzymatic hydrolysates of Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:993-999. [PMID: 22960100 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory activity of purified peptides from Crassostrea gigas (C. gigas) hydrolysates was studied. To prepare hydrolysates from C. gigas, we used eight different proteinases and the anti-inflammatory activities were determined using a nitric oxide (NO) assay in RAW264.7 cells. Among the hydrolysates, Protamex hydrolysates showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity. We separated and purified the total hydrolysate using an ultrafiltration membrane system and consecutive chromatographic methods. Finally, we obtained a peptide with the following sequence: Gln-Cys-Gln-Cys-Ala-Val-Glu-Gly-Gly-Leu at N-terminal position. The anti-inflammatory peptide purified from C. gigas inhibited NO production by 72.2% compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated group. In addition, the Protamex hydrolysates from C. gigas showed decreased serum IgE levels and increased spleen CD4(+)/CD8(+) levels on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis in mice. These results suggest the peptide and hydrolysate from C. gigas possess potent anti-inflammatory effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rauta PR, Nayak B, Das S. Immune system and immune responses in fish and their role in comparative immunity study: a model for higher organisms. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:23-33. [PMID: 22902399 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The basal position of fish in vertebrate phylogeny makes them very attractive for genomic and functional comparative immunity studies. Adaptive immunity arose early in vertebrate evolution, 450 million years ago between the divergence of cyclostomes and cartilaginous fish. The fundamental immune molecules, which include Ag-recognizing lymphocytes, immunoglobulins (Abs and Ig-family TCR), MHC products, and recombination-activating (RAG) 1 and 2 genes and the recombination mechanisms (cause of diversity in TCRs and Igs) are similar in fish and mammals. These molecules and their immune response mechanisms unravelled the primordial vertebrate immune system repertoire and adaptive radiations. Moreover, screening of animal models like zebrafish has a great importance to discover genes involved in T cell development, thymic organogenesis, and in immunity to infections. The zebrafish model may also be useful for cancer research due to its various features like rapid development, tractable genetics, ease in in vivo imaging and chemical screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta R Rauta
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Hagen MO, Garcia-Garcia E, Oladiran A, Karpman M, Mitchell S, El-Din MG, Martin JW, Belosevic M. The acute and sub-chronic exposures of goldfish to naphthenic acids induce different host defense responses. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 109:143-149. [PMID: 22227375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Naphthenic acids (NAs) are believed to be the major toxic component in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) produced by the oil sands mining industry in Northern Alberta, Canada. We recently reported that oral exposure to NAs alters mammalian immune responses, but the effect of OSPW or NAs on the immune mechanisms of aquatic organisms has not been fully elucidated. We analyzed the effects of acute and sub-chronic NAs exposures on goldfish immune responses by measuring the expression of three pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, antimicrobial functions of macrophages, and host defense after challenge with a protozoan pathogen (Trypanosoma carassii). One week after NAs exposure, fish exhibited increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1β1, TNF-α2) in the gills, kidney and spleen. Primary macrophages from fish exposed to NAs for one week, exhibited increased production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates. Goldfish exposed for one week to 20 mg/L NAs were more resistant to infection by T. carassii. In contrast, sub-chronic exposure of goldfish (12 weeks) to NAs resulted in decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the gills, kidney and spleen. The sub-chronic exposure to NAs reduced the ability of goldfish to control the T. carassii infection, exemplified by a drastic increase in fish mortality and increased blood parasite loads. This is the first report analyzing the effects of OSPW contaminants on the immune system of aquatic vertebrates. We believe that the bioassays depicted in this work will be valuable tools for analyzing the efficacy of OSPW remediation techniques and assessment of diverse environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel O Hagen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rieger AM, Barreda DR. Antimicrobial mechanisms of fish leukocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1238-45. [PMID: 21414350 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Early activation and coordination of innate defenses are critical for effective responses against infiltrating pathogens. Rapid engagement of immune cells provides a critical first line of defense soon after pathogen infiltration. Activation leads to a well-orchestrated set of events that sees the induction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular antimicrobial defenses. An array of regulatory mediators, highly toxic soluble molecules, degradative enzymes and antimicrobial peptides provides maximal protection against a wide range of pathogens while limiting endogenous damage to host tissues. In this review we highlight recent advances in our understanding of innate cellular antimicrobial responses of teleost fish and discuss their implications to cell survival, immunomodulation and death. The evolutionary conservation of these responses is a testament to their effectiveness against pathogen infiltration and their commitment to effective maintenance of host homeostasis. Importantly, recent developments in teleost fish systems have identified novel host defense strategies that may be unique to this lower vertebrate group or may point to previously unknown innate mechanisms that also play a significant role in higher vertebrate host immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aja M Rieger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kalgraff CAK, Wergeland HI, Pettersen EF. Flow cytometry assays of respiratory burst in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) leucocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:381-388. [PMID: 21672631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) to the fluorescent rhodamine 123 (RHO) was detected using flow cytometry. This assay for detection of respiratory burst activity was established in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) and head kidney leucocytes (HKL) of Atlantic salmon and Atlantic cod. The leucocytes were stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). For cod cells 10 times lower concentration of PMA had to be used compared to salmon cells, as higher concentrations were toxic and resulted in considerable cell death. The cells found to be RHO-positive were monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils based on the scatter dot plots, but for salmon also some small cells were found to have high fluorescence intensity both in the flow cytometry analyses and by fluorescence microscopy of cytospin preparations. The nature of these cells is not known. For cod leucocytes, such cells were not obvious. The instrument settings are a bit more demanding for cod, as cod cells die more easily compared to salmon cells. In both assays the limit between negative and positive cells has to be carefully considered. The presented flow cytometry protocols for measurements of respiratory burst in salmon and cod leucocytes can be applied in various studies where respiratory burst functions are involved, such as to verify if it is activated or suppressed in connection with infections and immunostimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine A K Kalgraff
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen High-Technology Center, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liarte S, Chaves-Pozo E, Abellán E, Meseguer J, Mulero V, Canario AVM, García-Ayala A. Estrogen-responsive genes in macrophages of the bony fish gilthead seabream: a transcriptomic approach. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:840-849. [PMID: 21420425 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The role of sex steroids in the modulation of fish immune responses has received little attention. Previous studies have demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E(2)) is able to alter the response of gilthead seabream leukocytes to infectious agents. We have used suppression subtractive hybridization to identify genes upregulated by E(2) (50 ng/ml) in macrophage cultures from gilthead seabream. We isolated 393 up-regulated cDNA fragments that led to the identification of 162 candidate estrogen-responsive genes. Functional analyses revealed the presence of several enriched immune processes and molecular pathways. The E(2) up-regulation of some immune-relevant genes was further confirmed by real time RT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the ability of E(2) to orchestrate profound alterations in the macrophage expression profile, especially immune-related processes and pathways. This is the first report on E(2)-dependent modifications of fish macrophage transcriptome and lends weight to a suggested role for estrogen in the immune system, the possible significance of which is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Liarte
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hetland DL, Dale OB, Skjødt K, Press CM, Falk K. Depletion of CD8 alpha cells from tissues of Atlantic salmon during the early stages of infection with high or low virulent strains of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:817-826. [PMID: 21316389 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The virulence of an infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) isolate is influenced by the response of the host's immune system to virus infection. Here we report the fate of immune responsive cells in head kidney, spleen and gills of Atlantic salmon during infection with high and low virulent strains of ISAV. A comparison of real-time PCR detection of virus and immunohistochemical detection of immune responsive cells revealed that peak viral load was coincident with both an elevated presence of MHC class I cells and a marked depletion of CD8 alpha cells. There was a larger CD8 alpha population in tissues from salmon infected with the low virulent strain compared with tissues from salmon infected with the high virulent strain at early stages of infection. These findings suggest a protective role for the CD8 alpha cell population in immune defences against ISAV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyveke Lem Hetland
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Awad E, Mitchell WJ, Austin B. Effect of dietary supplements on cytokine gene expression in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2011; 34:629-634. [PMID: 21762174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Awad
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Raida MK, Holten-Andersen L, Buchmann K. Association between Yersinia ruckeri infection, cytokine expression and survival in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:1257-1264. [PMID: 21501689 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The immune response against bacterial pathogens has been widely studied in teleosts and it is evident that survival chances differ significantly within a host population. Identification of indicators for susceptibility and responsiveness will improve our understanding of this host-pathogen interaction. The present work shows that the transcripts of cytokine genes in blood cells sampled three days post-infection was significantly higher in fish which obtained a high bacteriemia and died at later time points when compared to both non-infected control fish and infected fish that survived the infection. Rainbow trout were infected by bath challenge in a bacterial suspension (LD(60) dose, 1.8 × 10(9) CFU/ml Yersiniaruckeri for 1 h) and subsequently transferred to individual aquaria for 30 days of observation. Blood samples were analyzed for presence of Y. ruckeri both by culture and quantitative RT real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and transcript levels of 28 genes encoding molecules which are important in the immune response. The transcript levels of a number of central cytokines, chemokines and cytokine receptors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-receptor II) were significantly increased in infected fish that died later. In addition, a significantly higher amount of Y. ruckeri was found in the blood of the fish that died when compared to survivors. The study indicates that highly susceptible trout obtain an early heavy septicemia infection, which elicits a high up-regulation of the transcript of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, less susceptible fish are protected by other factors and contract merely a weak non-lethal infection eliciting no or a weak cytokine response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin K Raida
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Milla S, Depiereux S, Kestemont P. The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:305-19. [PMID: 21210218 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-010-0588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system in teleosts. Today, several molecules are known to interfere with the sex-steroid signaling. These chemicals are often referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). We review the growing evidence that these compounds interfere with the fish immune system. These studies encompass a broad range of approaches from field studies to those at the molecular level. This integrative overview improves our understanding of the various endocrine-disrupting processes triggered by these chemicals. Furthermore, the research also explains why fish that have been exposed to EDCs are more sensitive to pathogens during gametogenesis. In this review, we first discuss the primary actions of sex-steroid-like endocrine disruptors in fish and the specificity of the fish immune system in comparison to mammals. Then, we review the known interactions between the immune system and EDCs and interpret the primary effects of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) and their related endocrine disruptors on immune modulation. The recent literature suggests that immune parameters may be used as biomarkers of contamination by EDCs. However, caution should be used in the assessment of such immunotoxicity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the specificity of these biomarkers, the external/internal factors influencing the response, and the transduction pathways induced by these molecules in fish. The use of the well-known mammalian models provides a useful guide for future research in fish.
Collapse
|
44
|
Xia JH, Yue GH. Identification and analysis of immune-related transcriptome in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:356. [PMID: 20525308 PMCID: PMC2893601 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fish diseases caused by pathogens are limiting their production and trade, affecting the economy generated by aquaculture. Innate immunity system is the first line of host defense in opposing pathogenic organisms or any other foreign material. For identification of immune-related genes in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer, an important marine foodfish species, we injected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a commonly used elicitor of innate immune responses to eight individuals at the age of 35 days post-hatch and applied the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique to selectively amplify spleen cDNA of differentially expressed genes. Results Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of 3351 ESTs from two SSH libraries yielded 1692 unique transcripts. Of which, 618 transcripts were unknown/novel genes and the remaining 1074 were similar to 743 known genes and 105 unannotated mRNA sequences available in public databases. A total of 161 transcripts were classified to the category "response to stimulus" and 115 to "immune system process". We identified 25 significantly up-regulated genes (including 2 unknown transcripts) and 4 down-regulated genes associated with immune-related processes upon challenge with LPS. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed the differential expression of these genes after LPS challenge. Conclusions The present study identified 1692 unique transcripts upon LPS challenge for the first time in Asian seabass by using SSH, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Some of the identified transcripts are vertebrate homologues and others are hitherto unreported putative defence proteins. The obtained immune-related genes may allow for a better understanding of immunity in Asian seabass, carrying out detailed functional analysis of these genes and developing strategies for efficient immune protection against infections in Asian seabass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hong Xia
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604 Republic of Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ravichandr S, Kumaravel K, Rameshkuma G, AjithKumar T. Antimicrobial Peptides from the Marine Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rji.2010.146.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
46
|
Fang X, Wei Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Dai J. The identification of apolipoprotein genes in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) and their expression following perfluorooctanoic acid exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:152-9. [PMID: 19800026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoproteins play important roles in lipid transport and uptake in vertebrates, and they are associated with pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases. However, the diverse apolipoproteins in individual fish species have not been extensively characterized. Partial cDNA sequences encoding ApoA-IV, ApoE, ApoM, ApoL, and ApoO, and full-length cDNA sequences encoding ApoA-I were cloned from rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). Sequence analysis showed that these genes, as well as fragments of other known apolipoprotein genes (ApoC-I, ApoC-II, ApoB) of rare minnow had a high similarity (91-96%) to their orthologues in the spotted barbel Hemibarbus mylodon (Teleostei:Cypriniformes). The expression of these nine genes and their possible upstream genes, PPARalpha, PPARgamma, and HNF4alpha, were investigated in rare minnow after subacute exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for 14days. Results showed that the expression of mRNA for ApoA-I, ApoC-II, and ApoM was significantly downregulated in all PFOA-treated animals. Only fish receiving the highest dose of PFOA showed downregulation of the expression of ApoA-IV and ApoC-I, while fish treated with 10mg PFOA/L showed upregulation of expression of ApoE. Expression of ApoB, ApoO, and ApoL was unchanged between control and treated groups. In addition, the expression of PPARalpha was increased in all dosed fish, while the mRNAs for PPARgamma and HNF4alpha were significantly altered with 30 and 3mg PFOA/L doses, respectively. Therefore, subacute exposure to PFOA resulted in alteration of expression of apolipoproteins and related genes. These changes in gene expression may further influence lipid metabolism or other physiological functions in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Seppola M, Johnsen H, Mennen S, Myrnes B, Tveiten H. Maternal transfer and transcriptional onset of immune genes during ontogenesis in Atlantic cod. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:1205-1211. [PMID: 19577592 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The immune system in teleosts is not completely developed during embryonic and larval stages and immune competence is assumed to be restricted. This study is the first to address whether immune transcripts are maternally transferred to offspring and when immune genes are transcriptionally active in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In unfertilised eggs, transcripts encoding lysozyme and cathelicidin were found indicating maternal transfer of antibacterial transcripts. Lysozyme activity was also present at this stage suggesting the presence of a functional protein. Transcripts of two other putative antibacterial genes (hepcidin and pentraxin) and antiviral genes (ISG15 and LGP2) were absent in unfertilised eggs. The transcriptional onset of these genes occurred during the gastrula period. Transcripts of the heavy chain constant regions of the immunoglobulin (Ig) D, membrane-associated and secreted form of IgM were absent in unfertilised eggs. Transcription of the heavy chain locus commenced at low levels during the segmentation period indicating the onset of B-cell development. Most innate immune genes showed an increase in transcription around hatch and first feeding, indicating a preparation for increased pathogen exposure at this time. Prior to and during metamorphosis all genes showed a pronounced elevation in transcript levels indicating a further maturation of the immune system during this period.
Collapse
|
48
|
Castillo J, Teles M, Mackenzie S, Tort L. Stress-related hormones modulate cytokine expression in the head kidney of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:493-499. [PMID: 19591943 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuro-endocrine and immune systems closely interact in fish, and their regulation is crucial for the maintenance of good health of cultured fish. We have used the seabream head kidney to study whether stress-related hormones can modulate the immune response. For this purpose, the effects of adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta1 were determined by means of quantitative real-time PCR on isolated head kidney cells. ACTH (150 ng mL(-1)) caused an acute increase of TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNA levels as well as an inhibition of IL-1beta expression. The expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta1 was also increased, although in a lower extent. Adrenaline (1 muM) early effects were only clear inhibiting IL-1beta expression but not TNF-alpha, IL-6 or TGF-beta1 mRNA levels, while a longer exposure to the hormone inhibited all cytokines. Moreover, cortisol (50 and 100 ng mL(-1)) reduced the expression of all cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated IL-1beta expression and inhibited that of the anti-inflammatory TGF-beta1, although it was ineffective on TNF-alpha and IL-6. In addition, adrenaline and cortisol decreased the LPS-stimulated IL-1beta expression, further demonstrating their previously reported anti-inflammatory effects. The combination of ACTH and LPS, on the other hand, did not affect LPS-stimulated IL-1beta expression but was effective increasing TNF-alpha expression. Taking all these results in consideration, we conclude that the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the seabream head kidney is highly influenced by stress-related hormones, thus indicating an important role for the endocrine system in the modulation of the immune response in teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Castillo
- Unitat de Fisiologia Animal, Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i d'Immunologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar VB, Jiang IF, Yang HH, Weng CF. Effects of serum on phagocytic activity and proteomic analysis of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) serum after acute osmotic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 26:760-767. [PMID: 19328877 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of serum from freshwater (FW) exposed tilapia or from 25 ppt seawater (SW) exposed tilapia on the ability to mediate the phagocytic activity of tilapia phagocytes. To analyze the phagocytic activity, head kidney (HK) and spleen leukocytes were tested in 300 or 500 mOsm medium using three different treatment groups (a) control, (b) addition of 25% serum from freshwater (FW) exposed tilapia, and (c) addition of 25% of serum from 25 ppt seawater (SW) exposed tilapia. HK leukocytes cultured in 300 and 500 mOsm media for 4 h showed an increase of phagocytic ability in the control group as compared to the addition of serum from either FW or SW exposed tilapia. HK leukocytes exposed to 500 mOsm medium showed a higher phagocytic ability than those leukocytes exposed to 300 mOsm medium in each corresponding group. Concurrently, spleen leukocytes in the control group showed a higher phagocytic ability than those leukocytes with the addition of serum from FW or SW exposed tilapia. As compared to spleen leukocytes cultured in 300 mOsm medium, leukocytes cultured in 500 mOsm medium showed an increase of phagocytic ability within their respective group. To further investigate the observed phenomenon, 2D-gel electrophoresis was performed for analyzing the differentially expressed proteins in serum that was thought to influence the phagocytic ability. Up-regulated serum proteins in SW exposed tilapia contained complement C3 protein, NADH dehydrogenase (Ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3, Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, Semaphorins, and Caspase 3. Taken together these results suggest that addition of serum decreased the phagocytic activity in HK and spleen leukocytes in vitro, furthermore, induced proteins semaphorin, complement C3, Mg(2+)-dependent neutral sphingomyelinase, and Caspase 3 are up-regulated in the serum, which might have decreased the phagocytic activity upon exposure to hyperosmotic solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Bharath Kumar
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Alvarez-Pellitero P. Fish immunity and parasite infections: from innate immunity to immunoprophylactic prospects. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:171-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|