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Luppi PH, Malcey J, Chancel A, Duval B, Cabrera S, Fort P. Neuronal network controlling REM sleep. J Sleep Res 2024:e14266. [PMID: 38972672 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Rapid eye movement sleep is a state characterized by concomitant occurrence of rapid eye movements, electroencephalographic activation and muscle atonia. In this review, we provide up to date knowledge on the neuronal network controlling its onset and maintenance. It is now accepted that muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. These neurons directly project and excite glycinergic/γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic pre-motoneurons localized in the ventromedial medulla. The sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus rapid eye movement-on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement by rapid eye movement-off γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey and the adjacent dorsal deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin-concentrating hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic rapid eye movement sleep-on neurons localized in the lateral hypothalamus would inhibit these rapid eye movement sleep-off neurons initiating the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during rapid eye movement sleep by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would be involved in the function(s) of rapid eye movement sleep. In summary, rapid eye movement sleep is generated by a brainstem generator controlled by forebrain structures involved in autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Justin Malcey
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Amarine Chancel
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Blandine Duval
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Cabrera
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France
- University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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2
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Escobedo A, Holloway SA, Votoupal M, Cone AL, Skelton H, Legaria AA, Ndiokho I, Floyd T, Kravitz AV, Bruchas MR, Norris AJ. Glutamatergic supramammillary nucleus neurons respond to threatening stressors and promote active coping. eLife 2024; 12:RP90972. [PMID: 38829200 PMCID: PMC11147510 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Threat-response neural circuits are conserved across species and play roles in normal behavior and psychiatric diseases. Maladaptive changes in these neural circuits contribute to stress, mood, and anxiety disorders. Active coping in response to stressors is a psychosocial factor associated with resilience against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders. The neural circuitry underlying active coping is poorly understood, but the functioning of these circuits could be key for overcoming anxiety and related disorders. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) has been suggested to be engaged by threat. SuM has many projections and a poorly understood diversity of neural populations. In studies using mice, we identified a unique population of glutamatergic SuM neurons (SuMVGLUT2+::POA) based on projection to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus (POA) and found SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons have extensive arborizations. SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons project to brain areas that mediate features of the stress and threat responses including the paraventricular nucleus thalamus (PVT), periaqueductal gray (PAG), and habenula (Hb). Thus, SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are positioned as a hub, connecting to areas implicated in regulating stress responses. Here we report SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons are recruited by diverse threatening stressors, and recruitment correlated with active coping behaviors. We found that selective photoactivation of the SuMVGLUT2+::POA population drove aversion but not anxiety like behaviors. Activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons in the absence of acute stressors evoked active coping like behaviors and drove instrumental behavior. Also, activation of SuMVGLUT2+::POA neurons was sufficient to convert passive coping strategies to active behaviors during acute stress. In contrast, we found activation of GABAergic (VGAT+) SuM neurons (SuMVGAT+) neurons did not alter drive aversion or active coping, but termination of photostimulation was followed by increased mobility in the forced swim test. These findings establish a new node in stress response circuitry that has projections to many brain areas and evokes flexible active coping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Escobedo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Salli-Ann Holloway
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Megan Votoupal
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Aaron L Cone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Hannah Skelton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Alex A Legaria
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Imeh Ndiokho
- Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeUnited States
| | - Tasheia Floyd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Aaron J Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
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Jabra S, Rietsche M, Muellerleile J, O'Leary A, Slattery DA, Deller T, Fellenz M. Sex- and cycle-dependent changes in spine density and size in hippocampal CA2 neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12252. [PMID: 38806649 PMCID: PMC11133407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones affect structural and functional plasticity in the rodent hippocampus. However, hormone levels not only differ between males and females, but also fluctuate across the female estrous cycle. While sex- and cycle-dependent differences in dendritic spine density and morphology have been found in the rodent CA1 region, but not in the CA3 or the dentate gyrus, comparable structural data on CA2, i.e. the hippocampal region involved in social recognition memory, is so far lacking. In this study, we, therefore, used wildtype male and female mice in diestrus or proestrus to analyze spines on dendritic segments from identified CA2 neurons. In basal stratum oriens, we found no differences in spine density, but a significant shift towards larger spine head areas in male mice compared to females. Conversely, in apical stratum radiatum diestrus females had a significantly higher spine density, and females in either cycle stage had a significant shift towards larger spine head areas as compared to males, with diestrus females showing the larger shift. Our results provide further evidence for the sexual dimorphism of hippocampal area CA2, and underscore the importance of considering not only the sex, but also the stage of the estrous cycle when interpreting morphological data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Jabra
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Rietsche
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Muellerleile
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aet O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David A Slattery
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meike Fellenz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Froula JM, Rose JJ, Krook-Magnuson C, Krook-Magnuson E. Distinct functional classes of CA1 hippocampal interneurons are modulated by cerebellar stimulation in a coordinated manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594213. [PMID: 38798335 PMCID: PMC11118308 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the cerebellum impacts hippocampal functioning, but the impact of the cerebellum on hippocampal interneurons remains obscure. Using miniscopes in freely behaving animals, we find optogenetic stimulation of Purkinje cells alters the calcium activity of a large percentage of CA1 interneurons. This includes both increases and decreases in activity. Remarkably, this bidirectional impact occurs in a coordinated fashion, in line with interneurons' functional properties. Specifically, CA1 interneurons activated by cerebellar stimulation are commonly locomotion-active, while those inhibited by cerebellar stimulation are commonly rest-active interneurons. We additionally find that subsets of CA1 interneurons show altered activity during object investigations, suggesting a role in the processing of objects in space. Importantly, these neurons also show coordinated modulation by cerebellar stimulation: CA1 interneurons that are activated by cerebellar stimulation are more likely to be activated, rather than inhibited, during object investigations, while interneurons that show decreased activity during cerebellar stimulation show the opposite profile. Therefore, CA1 interneurons play a role in object processing and in cerebellar impacts on the hippocampus, providing insight into previously noted altered CA1 processing of objects in space with cerebellar stimulation. We examined two different stimulation locations (IV/V Vermis; Simplex) and two different stimulation approaches (7Hz or a single 1s light pulse) - in all cases, the cerebellum induces similar coordinated CA1 interneuron changes congruent with an explorative state. Overall, our data show that the cerebellum impacts CA1 interneurons in a bidirectional and coordinated fashion, positioning them to play an important role in cerebello-hippocampal communication. Significance Statement Acute manipulation of the cerebellum can affect the activity of cells in CA1, and perturbing normal cerebellar functioning can affect hippocampal-dependent spatial processing, including the processing of objects in space. Despite the importance of interneurons on the local hippocampal circuit, it was unknown how cerebellar activation impacts CA1 inhibitory neurons. We find that stimulating the cerebellum robustly affects multiple populations of CA1 interneurons in a bidirectional, coordinated manner, according to their functional profiles during behavior, including locomotion and object investigations. Our work also provides support for a role of CA1 interneurons in spatial processing of objects, with populations of interneurons showing altered activity during object investigations.
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Luppi PH, Chancel A, Malcey J, Cabrera S, Fort P, Maciel RM. Which structure generates paradoxical (REM) sleep: The brainstem, the hypothalamus, the amygdala or the cortex? Sleep Med Rev 2024; 74:101907. [PMID: 38422648 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Paradoxical or Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (PS) is a state characterized by REMs, EEG activation and muscle atonia. In this review, we discuss the contribution of brainstem, hypothalamic, amygdalar and cortical structures in PS genesis. We propose that muscle atonia during PS is due to activation of glutamatergic neurons localized in the pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus (SLD) projecting to glycinergic/GABAergic pre-motoneurons localized in the ventro-medial medulla (vmM). The SLD PS-on neurons are inactivated during wakefulness and slow-wave sleep by PS-off GABAergic neurons localized in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vPAG) and the adjacent deep mesencephalic reticular nucleus. Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and GABAergic PS-on neurons localized in the posterior hypothalamus would inhibit these PS-off neurons to initiate the state. Finally, the activation of a few limbic cortical structures during PS by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus as well as that of the basolateral amygdala would also contribute to PS expression. Accumulating evidence indicates that the activation of these limbic structures plays a role in memory consolidation and would communicate to the PS-generating structures the need for PS to process memory. In summary, PS generation is controlled by structures distributed from the cortex to the medullary level of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
| | - Amarine Chancel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Justin Malcey
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sébastien Cabrera
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Renato M Maciel
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, SLEEP Team "Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil", Lyon, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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6
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Kesner AJ, Mozaffarilegha M, Thirtamara Rajamani K, Arima Y, Harony-Nicolas H, Hashimotodani Y, Ito HT, Song J, Ikemoto S. Hypothalamic Supramammillary Control of Cognition and Motivation. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7538-7546. [PMID: 37940587 PMCID: PMC10634554 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1320-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) is a small region in the ventromedial posterior hypothalamus. The SuM has been relatively understudied with much of the prior focus being on its connection with septo-hippocampal circuitry. Thus, most studies conducted until the 21st century examined its role in hippocampal processes, such as theta rhythm and learning/memory. In recent years, the SuM has been "rediscovered" as a crucial hub for several behavioral and cognitive processes, including reward-seeking, exploration, and social memory. Additionally, it has been shown to play significant roles in hippocampal plasticity and adult neurogenesis. This review highlights findings from recent studies using cutting-edge systems neuroscience tools that have shed light on these fascinating roles for the SuM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kesner
- Unit on Motivation and Arousal, Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | - Keerthi Thirtamara Rajamani
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021
| | - Yosuke Arima
- Neurocircuitry of Motivation Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894
| | - Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Friedman Brain Institute, Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Yuki Hashimotodani
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto Japan 610-0394
| | - Hiroshi T Ito
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany 60438
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Satoshi Ikemoto
- Neurocircuitry of Motivation Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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7
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Li M, Kinney JL, Jiang YQ, Lee DK, Wu Q, Lee D, Xiong WC, Sun Q. Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus Selectively Excites Hippocampal CA3 Interneurons to Suppress CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Activity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4612-4624. [PMID: 37117012 PMCID: PMC10286942 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key mode of neuronal communication between distant brain regions is through excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections emitted from principal neurons. The long-range glutamatergic projection normally forms numerous en passant excitatory synapses onto both principal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under physiological conditions, the monosynaptic excitatory drive onto postsynaptic principal neurons outweighs disynaptic feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarizing principal neurons. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades postsynaptic pyramidal neurons (PNs), but preferentially target interneurons in the hippocampal CA3 region to predominantly provide feedforward inhibition. Using viral-based retrograde and anterograde tracing and ChannelRhodopsin2 (ChR2)-assisted patch-clamp recording in mice of either sex, we show that SuM projects sparsely to CA3 and provides minimal excitation onto CA3 PNs. Surprisingly, despite its sparse innervation, the SuM input inhibits all CA3 PNs along the transverse axis. Further, we find that SuM provides strong monosynaptic excitation onto CA3 parvalbumin-expressing interneurons evenly along the transverse axis, which likely mediates the SuM-driven feedforward inhibition. Together, our results demonstrate that a novel long-range glutamatergic pathway largely evades principal neurons, but rather preferentially innervates interneurons in a distant brain region to suppress principal neuron activity. Moreover, our findings reveal a new means by which SuM regulates hippocampal activity through SuM-to-CA3 circuit, independent of the previously focused projections from SuM to CA2 or dentate gyrus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dominant mode of neuronal communication between brain regions is the excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections, which form en passant excitatory synapses onto both pyramidal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under normal conditions, the excitation onto postsynaptic neurons outweighs feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarization. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic input from hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades PNs but selectively targets interneurons to almost exclusively provide disynaptic feedforward inhibition onto hippocampal CA3 PNs. Thus, our findings reveal a novel subcortical-hippocampal circuit that enables SuM to regulate hippocampal activity via SuM-CA3 circuit, independent of its projections to CA2 or dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Jessica L Kinney
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Yu-Qiu Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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8
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Hirai H, Sakaba T, Hashimotodani Y. Subcortical glutamatergic inputs exhibit a Hebbian form of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111871. [PMID: 36577371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus receives glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs from subcortical regions. Despite the important roles of these subcortical inputs in the regulation of hippocampal circuit, it has not been explored whether associative activation of the subcorticohippocampal pathway induces Hebbian plasticity of subcortical inputs. Here, we demonstrate that the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) to the dentate granule cell (GC) synapses, which co-release glutamate and GABA, undergo associative long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, co-transmission. This LTP is induced by pairing of SuM inputs with GC spikes. We found that this Hebbian LTP is input-specific, requires NMDA receptors and CaMKII activation, and is expressed postsynaptically. By the net increase in excitatory drive of SuM inputs following LTP induction, associative inputs of SuM and the perforant path effectively discharge GCs. Our results highlight the important role of associative plasticity at SuM-GC synapses in the regulation of dentate gyrus activity and for the encoding of SuM-related information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himawari Hirai
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakaba
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuki Hashimotodani
- Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan.
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9
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Xu J, Jo A, DeVries RP, Deniz S, Cherian S, Sunmola I, Song X, Marshall JJ, Gruner KA, Daigle TL, Contractor A, Lerner TN, Zeng H, Zhu Y. Intersectional mapping of multi-transmitter neurons and other cell types in the brain. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111036. [PMID: 35793636 PMCID: PMC9290751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in intersectional strategies have greatly advanced our ability to precisely target brain cell types based on unique co-expression patterns. To accelerate the application of intersectional genetics, we perform a brain-wide characterization of 13 Flp and tTA mouse driver lines and selected seven for further analysis based on expression of vesicular neurotransmitter transporters. Using selective Cre driver lines, we created more than 10 Cre/tTA combinational lines for cell type targeting and circuit analysis. We then used VGLUT-Cre/VGAT-Flp combinational lines to identify and map 30 brain regions containing neurons that co-express vesicular glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters, followed by tracing their projections with intersectional viral vectors. Focusing on the lateral habenula (LHb) as a target, we identified glutamatergic, GABAergic, or co-glutamatergic/GABAergic innervations from ∼40 brain regions. These data provide an important resource for the future application of intersectional strategies and expand our understanding of the neuronal subtypes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew Jo
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Raina P DeVries
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sercan Deniz
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Suraj Cherian
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Idris Sunmola
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xingqi Song
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - John J Marshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Katherine A Gruner
- Mouse Histology and Phenotyping Laboratory, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anis Contractor
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Talia N Lerner
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yongling Zhu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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10
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Li YD, Luo YJ, Chen ZK, Quintanilla L, Cherasse Y, Zhang L, Lazarus M, Huang ZL, Song J. Hypothalamic modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice confers activity-dependent regulation of memory and anxiety-like behavior. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:630-645. [PMID: 35524139 PMCID: PMC9287980 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a critical role in memory and emotion processing, and this process is dynamically regulated by neural circuit activity. However, it remains unknown whether manipulation of neural circuit activity can achieve sufficient neurogenic effects to modulate behavior. Here we report that chronic patterned optogenetic stimulation of supramammillary nucleus (SuM) neurons in the mouse hypothalamus robustly promotes neurogenesis at multiple stages, leading to increased production of neural stem cells and behaviorally relevant adult-born neurons (ABNs) with enhanced maturity. Functionally, selective manipulation of the activity of these SuM-promoted ABNs modulates memory retrieval and anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, we show that SuM neurons are highly responsive to environmental novelty (EN) and are required for EN-induced enhancement of neurogenesis. Moreover, SuM is required for ABN activity-dependent behavioral modulation under a novel environment. Our study identifies a key hypothalamic circuit that couples novelty signals to the production and maturation of ABNs, and highlights the activity-dependent contribution of circuit-modified ABNs in behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoan Cherasse
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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11
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Aguggia JP, Cornejo MP, Fernandez G, De Francesco PN, Mani BK, Cassano D, Cabral A, Valdivia S, García Romero G, Reynaldo M, Fehrentz JA, Zigman JM, Perello M. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor signaling in the supramammillary nucleus targets nitric oxide-producing neurons and controls recognition memory in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 139:105716. [PMID: 35290931 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a stomach-derived hormone that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Recent evidence suggests that some of ghrelin's actions may be mediated via the supramammillary nucleus (SuM). Not only does ghrelin bind to cells within the mouse SuM, but ghrelin also activates SuM cells and intra-SuM ghrelin administration induces feeding in rats. In the current study, we aimed to further characterize ghrelin action in the SuM. We first investigated a mouse model expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the promoter of GHSR (GHSR-eGFP mice). We found that the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice contains a significant amount of eGFP cells, some of which express neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Centrally-, but not systemically-, injected ghrelin reached the SuM, where it induced c-Fos expression. Furthermore, a 5-day 40% calorie restriction protocol, but not a 2-day fast, increased c-Fos expression in non-eGFP+ cells of the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice, whereas c-Fos induction by calorie restriction was not observed in GHSR-deficient mice. Exposure of satiated mice to a binge-like eating protocol also increased c-Fos expression in non-eGFP+ cells of the SuM of GHSR-eGFP mice in a GHSR-dependent manner. Finally, intra-SuM-injected ghrelin did not acutely affect food intake, locomotor activity, behavioral arousal or spatial memory but increased recognition memory. Thus, we provide a compelling neuroanatomical characterization of GHSR SuM neurons and its behavioral implications in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta P Aguggia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Cornejo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bharath K Mani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniela Cassano
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Cabral
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Spring Valdivia
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe García Romero
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Reynaldo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Excitatory selective LTP of supramammillary glutamatergic/GABAergic cotransmission potentiates dentate granule cell firing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119636119. [PMID: 35333647 PMCID: PMC9060512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119636119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that many neurons can release multiple transmitters. Recent studies revealed that fast-acting neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, are coreleased from the same presynaptic terminals in some adult brain regions. The dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells (GCs) are innervated by the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) afferents that corelease glutamate and GABA. However, how these functionally opposing neurotransmitters contribute to DG information processing remains unclear. We show that glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, cotransmission exhibits long-term potentiation (LTP) at SuM-GC synapses. By the excitatory selective LTP, the excitation/inhibition balance of SuM inputs increases, and GC firing is enhanced. This study provides evidence that glutamatergic/GABAergic cotransmission balance is rapidly changed in an activity-dependent manner, and such plasticity may modulate DG activity. Emerging evidence indicates that the functionally opposing neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, are coreleased from the same presynaptic terminals in some adult brain regions. The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) is one region that coreleases glutamate and GABA in the dentate gyrus (DG) through its afferents. Although the SuM-DG pathway has been implicated in various brain functions, little is known about the functional roles of the peculiar features of glutamate/GABA corelease. Here, we show that depolarization of granule cells (GCs) triggers postsynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic, but not GABAergic, cotransmission at SuM-GC synapses. Moreover, the burst activity of perforant-path inputs heterosynaptically induces LTP at excitatory SuM-GC synapses. This non-Hebbian LTP requires postsynaptic Ca2+ influx, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity, and exocytosis of AMPA receptors. Glutamatergic transmission-selective expression of LTP increases the excitatory drive such that SuM inputs become sufficient to discharge GCs. Our results highlight a form of LTP, which dynamically and rapidly changes the glutamatergic/GABAergic cotransmission balance and contributes to DG network activity.
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13
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Szlaga A, Sambak P, Trenk A, Gugula A, Singleton CE, Drwiega G, Blasiak T, Ma S, Gundlach AL, Blasiak A. Functional Neuroanatomy of the Rat Nucleus Incertus–Medial Septum Tract: Implications for the Cell-Specific Control of the Septohippocampal Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:836116. [PMID: 35281300 PMCID: PMC8913896 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.836116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial septum (MS) is critically involved in theta rhythmogenesis and control of the hippocampal network, with which it is reciprocally connected. MS activity is influenced by brainstem structures, including the stress-sensitive, nucleus incertus (NI), the main source of the neuropeptide relaxin-3 (RLN3). In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive neurochemical and electrophysiological characterization of NI neurons innervating the MS in the rat, by employing classical and viral-based neural tract-tracing and electrophysiological approaches, and multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization. We confirmed earlier reports that the MS is innervated by RLN3 NI neurons and documented putative glutamatergic (vGlut2 mRNA-expressing) neurons as a relevant NI neuronal population within the NI–MS tract. Moreover, we observed that NI neurons innervating MS can display a dual phenotype for GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, and that 40% of MS-projecting NI neurons express the corticotropin-releasing hormone-1 receptor. We demonstrated that an identified cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive NI neuronal population is part of the NI–MS tract, and that RLN3 and CCK NI neurons belong to a neuronal pool expressing the calcium-binding proteins, calbindin and calretinin. Finally, our electrophysiological studies revealed that MS is innervated by A-type potassium current-expressing, type I NI neurons, and that type I and II NI neurons differ markedly in their neurophysiological properties. Together these findings indicate that the MS is controlled by a discrete NI neuronal network with specific electrophysiological and neurochemical features; and these data are of particular importance for understanding neuronal mechanisms underlying the control of the septohippocampal system and related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szlaga
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patryk Sambak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Trenk
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Gugula
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Caitlin E. Singleton
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gniewosz Drwiega
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Blasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sherie Ma
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Gundlach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Blasiak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Anna Blasiak,
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14
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Silkis IG. The Role of Hypothalamus in the Formation of Neural Representations of Object–Place Associations in the Hippocampus during Wakefulness and Paradoxical Sleep. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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The Role of the Posterior Hypothalamus in the Modulation and Production of Rhythmic Theta Oscillations. Neuroscience 2021; 470:100-115. [PMID: 34271089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Theta rhythm recorded as an extracellular synchronous field potential is generated in a number of brain sites including the hippocampus. The physiological occurrence of hippocampal theta rhythm is associated with the activation of a number of structures forming the ascending brainstem-hippocampal synchronizing pathway. Experimental evidence indicates that the supramammillary nucleus and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, considered as the posterior hypothalamic area, comprise a critical node of this ascending pathway. The posterior hypothalamic area plays an important role in movement control, place-learning, memory processing, emotion and arousal. In the light of multiplicity of functions of the posterior hypothalamic area and the influence of theta field oscillations on a number of neural processes, it is the authors' intent to summarize the data concerning the involvement of the supramammillary nucleus and posterior hypothalamic nuclei in the modulation of limbic theta rhythmicity as well as the ability of these brain structures to independently generate theta rhythmicity.
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16
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Robert V, Therreau L, Chevaleyre V, Lepicard E, Viollet C, Cognet J, Huang AJ, Boehringer R, Polygalov D, McHugh TJ, Piskorowski RA. Local circuit allowing hypothalamic control of hippocampal area CA2 activity and consequences for CA1. eLife 2021; 10:63352. [PMID: 34003113 PMCID: PMC8154026 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is critical for memory formation. The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) sends long-range projections to hippocampal area CA2. While the SuM-CA2 connection is critical for social memory, how this input acts on the local circuit is unknown. Using transgenic mice, we found that SuM axon stimulation elicited mixed excitatory and inhibitory responses in area CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs). Parvalbumin-expressing basket cells were largely responsible for the feedforward inhibitory drive of SuM over area CA2. Inhibition recruited by the SuM input onto CA2 PNs increased the precision of action potential firing both in conditions of low and high cholinergic tone. Furthermore, SuM stimulation in area CA2 modulated CA1 activity, indicating that synchronized CA2 output drives a pulsed inhibition in area CA1. Hence, the network revealed here lays basis for understanding how SuM activity directly acts on the local hippocampal circuit to allow social memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Robert
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Therreau
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Chevaleyre
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Eude Lepicard
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Viollet
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Julie Cognet
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Arthur Jy Huang
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Roman Boehringer
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Denis Polygalov
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rebecca Ann Piskorowski
- INSERM UMR1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Team Synaptic Plasticity and Neural Networks, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,GHU Paris Psychiatrie and Neurosciences, Paris, France
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17
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Zhang Y, Stoelzel C, Ezrokhi M, Tsai TH, Cincotta AH. Activation State of the Supramammillary Nucleus Regulates Body Composition and Peripheral Fuel Metabolism. Neuroscience 2021; 466:125-147. [PMID: 33991623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole body fuel metabolism and energy balance are controlled by an interactive brain neuronal circuitry involving multiple brain centers regulating cognition, circadian rhythms, reward, feeding and peripheral biochemical metabolism. The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuMN) comprises an integral node having connections with these metabolically relevant centers, and thus could be a key central coordination center for regulating peripheral energy balance. This study investigated the effect of chronically diminishing or increasing SuMN neuronal activity on body composition and peripheral fuel metabolism. The influence of neuronal activity level at the SuMN area on peripheral metabolism was investigated via chronic (2-4 week) direct SuMN treatment with agents that inhibit neuronal activity (GABAa receptor agonist [Muscimol] and AMPA plus NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists [CNQX plus dAP5, respectively]) in high fat fed animals refractory to the obesogenic effects of high fat diet. Such treatment reduced SuMN neuronal activity and induced metabolic syndrome, and likewise did so in animals fed low fat diet including inducement of glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and increased body weight gain and fat mass coupled with both increased food consumption and feed efficiency. Consistent with these results, circadian-timed activation of neuronal activity at the SuMN area with daily local infusion of glutamate receptor agonists, AMPA or NMDA at the natural daily peak of SuMN neuronal activity improved insulin resistance and obesity in high fat diet-induced insulin resistant animals. These studies are the first of their kind to identify the SuMN area as a novel brain locus that regulates peripheral fuel metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhang
- VeroScience LLC, Tiverton, RI 02878, United States.
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18
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Silkis IG, Markevich VA. Possible Mechanisms of the Influence of the Supramillary Nucleus on the Functioning of the Dentate Gyrus and the CA2 Field of the Hippocamsus (Role of Disinhibition). NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971242004011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Billwiller F, Castillo L, Elseedy H, Ivanov AI, Scapula J, Ghestem A, Carponcy J, Libourel PA, Bras H, Abdelmeguid NE, Krook-Magnuson E, Soltesz I, Bernard C, Luppi PH, Esclapez M. GABA-glutamate supramammillary neurons control theta and gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus during paradoxical (REM) sleep. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:2643-2668. [PMID: 32970253 PMCID: PMC7674372 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that neurons from the lateral region of the SuM (SuML) innervating the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a dual GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and are specifically activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). The objective of the present study is to characterize the anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the SuML-DG projection neurons and to determine how they control DG oscillations and neuronal activation during PS and other vigilance states. For this purpose, we combine structural connectivity techniques using neurotropic viral vectors (rabies virus, AAV), neurochemical anatomy (immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and imaging (light, electron and confocal microscopy) with in vitro (patch clamp) and in vivo (LFP, EEG) optogenetic and electrophysiological recordings performed in transgenic VGLUT2-cre male mice. At the cellular level, we show that the SuML-DG neurons co-release GABA and glutamate on dentate granule cells and increase the activity of a subset of DG granule cells. At the network level, we show that activation of the SuML-DG pathway increases theta power and frequency during PS as well as gamma power during PS and waking in the DG. At the behavioral level, we show that the activation of this pathway does not change animal behavior during PS, induces awakening during slow wave sleep and increases motor activity during waking. These results suggest that the SuML-DG pathway is capable of supporting the increase of theta and gamma power in the DG observed during PS and plays an important modulatory role of DG network activity during this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Laura Castillo
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Heba Elseedy
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anton Ivanovich Ivanov
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Jennyfer Scapula
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Ghestem
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Carponcy
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Paul Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Bras
- CNRS, INT, Institut de Neurosciences Timone, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Christophe Bernard
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre hospitalier le vinatier, Neurocampus, University Lyon I, Bron, France
| | - Monique Esclapez
- INSERM, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.
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20
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Mickelsen LE, Flynn WF, Springer K, Wilson L, Beltrami EJ, Bolisetty M, Robson P, Jackson AC. Cellular taxonomy and spatial organization of the murine ventral posterior hypothalamus. eLife 2020; 9:58901. [PMID: 33119507 PMCID: PMC7595735 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral posterior hypothalamus (VPH) is an anatomically complex brain region implicated in arousal, reproduction, energy balance, and memory processing. However, neuronal cell type diversity within the VPH is poorly understood, an impediment to deconstructing the roles of distinct VPH circuits in physiology and behavior. To address this question, we employed a droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach to systematically classify molecularly distinct cell populations in the mouse VPH. Analysis of >16,000 single cells revealed 20 neuronal and 18 non-neuronal cell populations, defined by suites of discriminatory markers. We validated differentially expressed genes in selected neuronal populations through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Focusing on the mammillary bodies (MB), we discovered transcriptionally-distinct clusters that exhibit neuroanatomical parcellation within MB subdivisions and topographic projections to the thalamus. This single-cell transcriptomic atlas of VPH cell types provides a resource for interrogating the circuit-level mechanisms underlying the diverse functions of VPH circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Mickelsen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Storrs, United States
| | - William F Flynn
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, United States
| | - Kristen Springer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Lydia Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Eric J Beltrami
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - Mohan Bolisetty
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, United States
| | - Paul Robson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, United States
| | - Alexander C Jackson
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Storrs, United States.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, United States
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21
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Chen S, He L, Huang AJY, Boehringer R, Robert V, Wintzer ME, Polygalov D, Weitemier AZ, Tao Y, Gu M, Middleton SJ, Namiki K, Hama H, Therreau L, Chevaleyre V, Hioki H, Miyawaki A, Piskorowski RA, McHugh TJ. A hypothalamic novelty signal modulates hippocampal memory. Nature 2020; 586:270-274. [PMID: 32999460 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to recognize information that is incongruous with previous experience is critical for survival. Novelty signals have therefore evolved in the mammalian brain to enhance attention, perception and memory1,2. Although the importance of regions such as the ventral tegmental area3,4 and locus coeruleus5 in broadly signalling novelty is well-established, these diffuse monoaminergic transmitters have yet to be shown to convey specific information on the type of stimuli that drive them. Whether distinct types of novelty, such as contextual and social novelty, are differently processed and routed in the brain is unknown. Here we identify the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) as a novelty hub in the hypothalamus6. The SuM region is unique in that it not only responds broadly to novel stimuli, but also segregates and selectively routes different types of information to discrete cortical targets-the dentate gyrus and CA2 fields of the hippocampus-for the modulation of mnemonic processing. Using a new transgenic mouse line, SuM-Cre, we found that SuM neurons that project to the dentate gyrus are activated by contextual novelty, whereas the SuM-CA2 circuit is preferentially activated by novel social encounters. Circuit-based manipulation showed that divergent novelty channelling in these projections modifies hippocampal contextual or social memory. This content-specific routing of novelty signals represents a previously unknown mechanism that enables the hypothalamus to flexibly modulate select components of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan.
| | - Linmeng He
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arthur J Y Huang
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Roman Boehringer
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Vincent Robert
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1266, Paris, France
| | - Marie E Wintzer
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Denis Polygalov
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Adam Z Weitemier
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Mingxiao Gu
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Steven J Middleton
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Kana Namiki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hama
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Ludivine Therreau
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1266, Paris, France
| | - Vivien Chevaleyre
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1266, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan.,Biotechnological Optics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wakoshi, Japan
| | - Rebecca A Piskorowski
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1266, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Japan. .,Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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HippoBellum: Acute Cerebellar Modulation Alters Hippocampal Dynamics and Function. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6910-6926. [PMID: 32769107 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0763-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we examine what effects acute manipulation of the cerebellum, a canonically motor structure, can have on the hippocampus, a canonically cognitive structure. In male and female mice, acute perturbation of the cerebellar vermis (lobule 4/5) or simplex produced reliable and specific effects in hippocampal function at cellular, population, and behavioral levels, including evoked local field potentials, increased hippocampal cFos expression, and altered CA1 calcium event rate, amplitudes, and correlated activity. We additionally noted a selective deficit on an object location memory task, which requires objection-location pairing. We therefore combined cerebellar optogenetic stimulation and CA1 calcium imaging with an object-exploration task, and found that cerebellar stimulation reduced the representation of place fields near objects, and prevented a shift in representation to the novel location when an object was moved. Together, these results clearly demonstrate that acute modulation of the cerebellum alters hippocampal function, and further illustrates that the cerebellum can influence cognitive domains.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cerebellum, a canonically motor-related structure, is being increasingly recognized for its influence on nonmotor functions and structures. The hippocampus is a brain region critical for cognitive functions, such as episodic memory and spatial navigation. To investigate how modulation of the cerebellum may impact the hippocampus, we stimulated two sites of the cerebellar cortex and examined hippocampal function at multiple levels. We found that cerebellar stimulation strongly modulates hippocampal activity, disrupts spatial memory, and alters object-location processing. Therefore, a canonically cognitive brain area, the hippocampus, is sensitive to cerebellar modulation.
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23
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Fernandez-Lamo I, Gomez-Dominguez D, Sanchez-Aguilera A, Oliva A, Morales AV, Valero M, Cid E, Berenyi A, Menendez de la Prida L. Proximodistal Organization of the CA2 Hippocampal Area. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1734-1746.e6. [PMID: 30759386 PMCID: PMC6389459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximodistal axis is considered a major organizational principle of the hippocampus. At the interface between the hippocampus and other brain structures, CA2 apparently breaks this rule. The region is involved in social, temporal, and contextual memory function, but mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we reveal cell-type heterogeneity and a characteristic expression gradient of the transcription factor Sox5 within CA2 in the rat. Using intracellular and extracellular recordings followed by neurochemical identification of single cells, we find marked proximodistal trends of synaptic activity, subthreshold membrane potentials, and phase-locked firing coupled to theta and gamma oscillations. Phase-shifting membrane potentials and opposite proximodistal correlations with theta sinks and sources at different layers support influences from different current generators. CA2 oscillatory activity and place coding of rats running in a linear maze reflect proximodistal state-dependent trends. We suggest that the structure and function of CA2 are distributed along the proximodistal hippocampal axis. The CA2 region is organized around the limit of the mossy fibers Heterogeneous pyramidal cell types populate the proximal and distal CA2 region Responses to intra- and extra-hippocampal inputs segregate along this axis CA2 oscillatory activity and spatial coding change proximodistally
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Azahara Oliva
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman and Kavli Institutes, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Manuel Valero
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Ave Doctor Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Elena Cid
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Ave Doctor Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Antal Berenyi
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
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24
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Vicente AF, Slézia A, Ghestem A, Bernard C, Quilichini PP. In Vivo Characterization of Neurophysiological Diversity in the Lateral Supramammillary Nucleus during Hippocampal Sharp-wave Ripples of Adult Rats. Neuroscience 2020; 435:95-111. [PMID: 32222556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The extent of the networks that control the genesis and modulation of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs), which are involved in memory consolidation, remains incompletely understood. Here, we performed a detailed in vivo analysis of single cell firing in the lateral supramammillary nucleus (lSuM) during theta and slow oscillations, including SPW-Rs, in anesthetized rats. We classified neurons as SPW-R-active and SPW-R-unchanged according to whether or not they increased their firing during SPW-Rs. We show that lSuM SPW-R-active neurons increase their firing prior to SPW-Rs peak power and prior to hippocampal excitatory cell activation. Moreover, lSuM SPW-R-active neurons show increased firing activity during theta and slow oscillations as compared to unchanged neurons. These results suggest that a sub-population of lSuM neurons can interact with the hippocampus during SPW-Rs, raising the possibility that the lSuM may modulate memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Vicente
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France.
| | - Andrea Slézia
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine Ghestem
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, France
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25
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Li Y, Bao H, Luo Y, Yoan C, Sullivan HA, Quintanilla L, Wickersham I, Lazarus M, Shih YYI, Song J. Supramammillary nucleus synchronizes with dentate gyrus to regulate spatial memory retrieval through glutamate release. eLife 2020; 9:53129. [PMID: 32167473 PMCID: PMC7069722 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) provides substantial innervation to the dentate gyrus (DG). It remains unknown how the SuM and DG coordinate their activities at the circuit level to regulate spatial memory. Additionally, SuM co-releases GABA and glutamate to the DG, but the relative role of GABA versus glutamate in regulating spatial memory remains unknown. Here we report that SuM-DG Ca2+ activities are highly correlated during spatial memory retrieval as compared to the moderate correlation during memory encoding when mice are performing a location discrimination task. Supporting this evidence, we demonstrate that the activity of SuM neurons or SuM-DG projections is required for spatial memory retrieval. Furthermore, we show that SuM glutamate transmission is necessary for both spatial memory retrieval and highly-correlated SuM-DG activities during spatial memory retrieval. Our studies identify a long-range SuM-DG circuit linking two highly correlated subcortical regions to regulate spatial memory retrieval through SuM glutamate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Hechen Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Yanjia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cherasse Yoan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Heather Anne Sullivan
- The McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Ian Wickersham
- The McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yen-Yu Ian Shih
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
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26
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Root DH, Zhang S, Barker DJ, Miranda-Barrientos J, Liu B, Wang HL, Morales M. Selective Brain Distribution and Distinctive Synaptic Architecture of Dual Glutamatergic-GABAergic Neurons. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3465-3479. [PMID: 29924991 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, it has been thought that glutamate and GABA are released by distinct neurons. However, some mouse neurons innervating the lateral habenula (LHb) co-release glutamate and GABA. Here, we mapped the distribution of neurons throughout the rat brain that co-express vesicular transporters for the accumulation of glutamate (VGluT2) or GABA (VGaT) and for GABA synthesis (GAD). We found concentrated groups of neurons that co-express VGluT2, VGaT, and GAD mRNAs within subdivisions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), entopeduncular (EPN), and supramammillary (SUM) nuclei. Single axon terminals established by VTA, EPN, or SUM neurons form a common synaptic architecture involving asymmetric (putative excitatory) and symmetric (putative inhibitory) synapses. Within the LHb, which receives co-transmitted glutamate and GABA from VTA and EPN, VGluT2 and VGaT are distributed on separate synaptic vesicles. We conclude that single axon terminals from VGluT2 and VGaT co-expressing neurons co-transmit glutamate and GABA from distinct synaptic vesicles at independent synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Root
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - David J Barker
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jorge Miranda-Barrientos
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bing Liu
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Marisela Morales
- Neuronal Networks Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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27
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Chauvière L. Update on temporal lobe‐dependent information processing, in health and disease. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:2159-2204. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Chauvière
- INSERM U1266 Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP) Paris France
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28
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Hashimotodani Y, Karube F, Yanagawa Y, Fujiyama F, Kano M. Supramammillary Nucleus Afferents to the Dentate Gyrus Co-release Glutamate and GABA and Potentiate Granule Cell Output. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2704-2715.e4. [PMID: 30517859 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The supramammillary nucleus (SuM) of the hypothalamus projects to the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA2 region of the hippocampus. Although the SuM-to-hippocampus circuits have been implicated in spatial and emotional memory formation, little is known about precise neural connections between the SuM and hippocampus. Here, we report that axons of SuM neurons make monosynaptic connections to granule cells (GCs) and GABAergic interneurons, but not to hilar mossy cells, in the DG and co-release glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at these synapses. Although inputs from the SuM can excite some interneurons, the inputs alone fail to generate spikes in GCs. However, despite the insufficient excitatory drive and GABAergic co-transmission, SuM inputs have net excitatory effects on GCs and can potentiate GC firing when temporally associated with perforant path inputs. Our results indicate that the SuM influences DG information processing by modulating GC outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hashimotodani
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Synaptic Function, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan.
| | - Fuyuki Karube
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumino Fujiyama
- Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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29
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Abstract
Over the past decade, basic sleep research investigating the circuitry controlling sleep and wakefulness has been boosted by pharmacosynthetic approaches, including chemogenetic techniques using designed receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD). DREADD offers a series of tools that selectively control neuronal activity as a way to probe causal relationship between neuronal sub-populations and the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Following the path opened by optogenetics, DREADD tools applied to discrete neuronal sub-populations in numerous brain areas quickly made their contribution to the discovery and the expansion of our understanding of critical brain structures involved in a wide variety of behaviors and in the control of vigilance state architecture.
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30
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Deng J, Xu T, Yang J, Zhang KM, Li Q, Yu XY, Li R, Fu J, Jiang Q, Ma JX, Chen YM. Sema7A, a brain immune regulator, regulates seizure activity in PTZ-kindled epileptic rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 26:101-116. [PMID: 31179640 PMCID: PMC6930824 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) plays an important role in the immunoregulation of the brain. In our study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of Sema7A in epilepsy and further explore the roles of Sema7A in the regulation of seizure activity and the inflammatory response in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats. Methods First, we measured the Sema7A expression levels in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in rats of a PTZ‐kindled epilepsy rat model. Second, to explore the role of Sema7A in the regulation of seizure activity, we conducted epilepsy‐related behavioral experiments after knockdown and overexpression of Sema7A in the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Possible Sema7A‐related brain immune regulators (eg, ERK phosphorylation, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) were also investigated. Additionally, the growth of mossy fibers was visualized by anterograde tracing using injections of biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the DG region. Results Sema7A expression was markedly upregulated in the brain tissues of TLE patients and rats of the epileptic model after PTZ kindling. After knockdown of Sema7A, seizure activity was suppressed based on the latency to the first epileptic seizure, number of seizures, and duration of seizures. Conversely, overexpression of Sema7A promoted seizures. Overexpression of Sema7A increased the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, ERK phosphorylation, and growth of mossy fibers in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats. Conclusion Sema7A is upregulated in the epileptic brain and plays a potential role in the regulation of seizure activity in PTZ‐kindled epileptic rats, which may be related to neuroinflammation. Sema7A promotes the inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 as well as the growth of mossy fibers through the ERK pathway, suggesting that Sema7A may promote seizures by increasing neuroinflammation and activating pathological neural circuits. Sema7A plays a critical role in epilepsy and could be a potential therapeutic target for this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chonqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Jing-Xi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chonqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
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31
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Hippocampal area CA2: properties and contribution to hippocampal function. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:525-540. [PMID: 29335778 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on area CA2 of the hippocampus, as recent results have revealed the unique properties and surprising role of this region in encoding social, temporal and contextual aspects of memory. Originally identified and described by Lorente de No, in 1934, this region of the hippocampus has unique intra-and extra-hippocampal connectivity, sending and receiving input to septal and hypothalamic regions. Recent in vivo studies have indicated that CA2 pyramidal neurons encode spatial information during immobility and play an important role in the generation of sharp-wave ripples. Furthermore, CA2 neurons act to control overall excitability in the hippocampal network and have been found to be consistently altered in psychiatric diseases, indicating that normal function of this region is necessary for normal cognition. With its unique role, area CA2 has a unique molecular profile, interneuron density and composition. Furthermore, this region has an unusual manifestation of synaptic plasticity that does not occur post-synaptically at pyramidal neuron dendrities but through the local network of inhibitory neurons. While much progress has recently been made in understanding the large contribution of area CA2 to social memory formation, much still needs to be learned.
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32
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Shim HS, Park HJ, Lee MS, Ye M, Shim I. The role of the supramammillary area of the hypothalamus in cognitive functions. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1427627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Pedersen NP, Ferrari L, Venner A, Wang JL, Abbott SBG, Vujovic N, Arrigoni E, Saper CB, Fuller PM. Supramammillary glutamate neurons are a key node of the arousal system. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1405. [PMID: 29123082 PMCID: PMC5680228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic and clinical observations suggest that the caudal hypothalamus comprises a key node of the ascending arousal system, but the cell types underlying this are not fully understood. Here we report that glutamate-releasing neurons of the supramammillary region (SuMvglut2) produce sustained behavioral and EEG arousal when chemogenetically activated. This effect is nearly abolished following selective genetic disruption of glutamate release from SuMvglut2 neurons. Inhibition of SuMvglut2 neurons decreases and fragments wake, also suppressing theta and gamma frequency EEG activity. SuMvglut2 neurons include a subpopulation containing both glutamate and GABA (SuMvgat/vglut2) and another also expressing nitric oxide synthase (SuMNos1/Vglut2). Activation of SuMvgat/vglut2 neurons produces minimal wake and optogenetic stimulation of SuMvgat/vglut2 terminals elicits monosynaptic release of both glutamate and GABA onto dentate granule cells. Activation of SuMNos1/Vglut2 neurons potently drives wakefulness, whereas inhibition reduces REM sleep theta activity. These results identify SuMvglut2 neurons as a key node of the wake−sleep regulatory system. Supramammillary nucleus (SuM) neurons have been studied in the context of REM sleep but their possible role in mediating wakefulness is not known. Here the authors elucidate the distinct functional contributions of three subpopulations in the SuM on electrographical and behavioral arousal in mice using genetically targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Pedersen
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Service, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Loris Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anne Venner
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joshua L Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elda Arrigoni
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA. .,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Bostan, MA, 02215, USA.
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Ariffin MZ, Low CM, Khanna S. Medial Septum Modulates Cellular Response Induced in Hippocampus on Microinjection of Cholinergic Agonists into Hypothalamic Lateral Supramammillary Nucleus. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28966579 PMCID: PMC5605574 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic mechanisms in supramammillary nucleus (SuM), especially the lateral SuM (lSuM) modulates septo-hippocampal neural activity. The lSuM, as compared to the contiguous medial SuM (mSuM) has relatively dense projections to hippocampus and cingulate cortex (Cg). In the present study, we have investigated whether the effects of cholinergic activation of SuM on hippocampal and cortical neural activities involve a cooperative interaction with the medial septum (MS). Microinjection of the broad-spectrum cholinergic agonist, carbachol, or the cholinergic-nicotinic receptor agonist, nicotine, into the lSuM and the mSuM in urethane anesthetized rat evoked a similar pattern of hippocampal theta rhythm. Despite that, only the lSuM microinjections resulted in an increase in expression of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir) in neurons, including interneurons, of the ipsilateral hippocampus with a very dense expression in dentate gyrus. Likewise, a robust induction of c-Fos-ir was also observed in the ipsilateral Cg. Inhibition of the MS with muscimol pre-treatment attenuated both carbachol-evoked c-Fos-ir and theta activation. The findings indicate that cholinergic–nicotinic mechanisms in lSuM evoke not only neural activation via the ascending synchronizing pathway but also an MS-modulated expression of the plasticity-related molecule c-Fos in cortical regions that are strongly innervated by the lSuM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Ariffin
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.,Department of Anesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Khanna
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Saper CB, Fuller PM. Wake-sleep circuitry: an overview. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:186-192. [PMID: 28577468 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although earlier models of brain circuitry controlling wake-sleep focused on monaminergic and cholinergic arousal systems, recent evidence indicates that these play mainly a modulatory role, and that the backbone of the wake-sleep regulatory system depends upon fast neurotransmitters, such as glutmate and GABA. We review here recent advances in understanding the role these systems play in controlling sleep and wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Patrick M Fuller
- Department of Neurology, Program in Neuroscience, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Selective activation of a few limbic structures during paradoxical (REM) sleep by the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus: evidence and function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 44:59-64. [PMID: 28347885 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We review here classical and recent knowledge on the state of the cortex during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). Recent data indicate that only a few limbic cortical structures including the anterior cingulate, retrosplenial and medial entorhinal cortices and the dentate gyrus are strongly activated during PS. In contrast, most of the other cortices including the somatosensory ones are rather deactivated during PS. Further, recent results suggest that tonic activation of limbic cortical neurons during PS is due to projections from glutamate neurons of the claustrum and GABA/glutamate neurons of the supramammillary nucleus while their pacing with theta is induced by projections from GABAergic neurons of the medial septum. The limbic structures activated during PS have all been implicated in spatial memory and it is therefore likely that such activation is crucial for memory consolidation.
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Talakoub O, Gomez Palacio Schjetnan A, Valiante TA, Popovic MR, Hoffman KL. Closed-Loop Interruption of Hippocampal Ripples through Fornix Stimulation in the Non-Human Primate. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:911-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Billwiller F, Renouard L, Clement O, Fort P, Luppi PH. Differential origin of the activation of dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus granule cells during paradoxical (REM) sleep in the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:1495-1507. [PMID: 27539452 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that granule cells located in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) are activated by neurons located in the lateral supramammillary nucleus (SumL) during paradoxical sleep (PS) hypersomnia. To determine whether these neurons are glutamatergic and/or GABAergic, we combined FOS immunostaining with in situ hybridization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2, a marker of glutamatergic neurons) or that of the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT, a marker of GABAergic neurons) mRNA in rats displaying PS hypersomnia (PSR). We found that 84 and 76 % of the FOS+ SumL neurons in PSR rats expressed vGLUT2 and vGAT mRNA, respectively. Then, we examined vGLUT2 and FOS immunostaining in the dorsal and ventral DG of PSR rats with a neurochemical lesion of the Sum. In PSR-lesioned animals but not in sham animals, nearly all vGLUT2+ fibers and FOS+ neurons disappeared in the dDG, but not in the ventral DG (vDG). To identify the pathway (s) responsible (s) for the activation of the vDG during PS hypersomnia, we combined Fluorogold (FG) injection in the vDG of PSR rats with FOS staining. We found a large number of neurons FOS-FG+, specifically in the medial entorhinal cortex (ENTm). Altogether, our results suggest that SumL neurons with a unique dual glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotype are responsible for the activation of the dDG during PS hypersomnia, while vDG granule neurons are activated by ENTm cortical neurons. These results suggest differential mechanisms and functions for the activation of the dDG and the vDG granule cells during PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Leslie Renouard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Olivier Clement
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), SLEEP Team, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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Fine processes of Nestin-GFP-positive radial glia-like stem cells in the adult dentate gyrus ensheathe local synapses and vasculature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2536-45. [PMID: 27091993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514652113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis relies on the activation of neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus, their division, and differentiation of their progeny into mature granule neurons. The complex morphology of radial glia-like (RGL) stem cells suggests that these cells establish numerous contacts with the cellular components of the neurogenic niche that may play a crucial role in the regulation of RGL stem cell activity. However, the morphology of RGL stem cells remains poorly described. Here, we used light microscopy and electron microscopy to examine Nestin-GFP transgenic mice and provide a detailed ultrastructural reconstruction analysis of Nestin-GFP-positive RGL cells of the dentate gyrus. We show that their primary processes follow a tortuous path from the subgranular zone through the granule cell layer and ensheathe local synapses and vasculature in the inner molecular layer. They share the ensheathing of synapses and vasculature with astrocytic processes and adhere to the adjacent processes of astrocytes. This extensive interaction of processes with their local environment could allow them to be uniquely receptive to signals from local neurons, glia, and vasculature, which may regulate their fate.
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Hernández-Pérez JJ, Gutiérrez-Guzmán BE, López-Vázquez MÁ, Olvera-Cortés ME. Supramammillary serotonin reduction alters place learning and concomitant hippocampal, septal, and supramammillar theta activity in a Morris water maze. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:250. [PMID: 26578960 PMCID: PMC4625187 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal theta activity is related to spatial information processing, and high-frequency theta activity, in particular, has been linked to efficient spatial memory performance. Theta activity is regulated by the synchronizing ascending system (SAS), which includes mesencephalic and diencephalic relays. The supramamillary nucleus (SUMn) is located between the reticularis pontis oralis and the medial septum (MS), in close relation with the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PHn), all of which are part of this ascending system. It has been proposed that the SUMn plays a role in the modulation of hippocampal theta-frequency; this could occur through direct connections between the SUMn and the hippocampus or through the influence of the SUMn on the MS. Serotonergic raphe neurons prominently innervate the hippocampus and several components of the SAS, including the SUMn. Serotonin desynchronizes hippocampal theta activity, and it has been proposed that serotonin may regulate learning through the modulation of hippocampal synchrony. In agreement with this hypothesis, serotonin depletion in the SUMn/PHn results in deficient spatial learning and alterations in CA1 theta activity-related learning in a Morris water maze. Because it has been reported that SUMn inactivation with lidocaine impairs the consolidation of reference memory, we asked whether changes in hippocampal theta activity related to learning would occur through serotonin depletion in the SUMn, together with deficiencies in memory. We infused 5,7-DHT bilaterally into the SUMn in rats and evaluated place learning in the standard Morris water maze task. Hippocampal (CA1 and dentate gyrus), septal and SUMn EEG were recorded during training of the test. The EEG power in each region and the coherence between the different regions were evaluated. Serotonin depletion in the SUMn induced deficient spatial learning and altered the expression of hippocampal high-frequency theta activity. These results provide evidence in support of a role for serotonin as a modulator of hippocampal learning, acting through changes in the synchronicity evoked in several relays of the SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jesús Hernández-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMorelia, México
| | - Blanca E. Gutiérrez-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMorelia, México
| | - Miguel Á. López-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad de los Procesos Cognitivos, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMorelia, México
- Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoMorelia, México
| | - María E. Olvera-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Experimental, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMorelia, México
- *Correspondence: María E. Olvera-Cortés
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41
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Hsu TT, Lee CT, Tai MH, Lien CC. Differential Recruitment of Dentate Gyrus Interneuron Types by Commissural Versus Perforant Pathways. Cereb Cortex 2015; 26:2715-27. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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42
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Vertes RP. Major diencephalic inputs to the hippocampus: supramammillary nucleus and nucleus reuniens. Circuitry and function. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2015; 219:121-44. [PMID: 26072237 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus receives two major external inputs from the diencephalon, that is, from the supramammillary nucleus (SUM) and nucleus reuniens (RE) of the midline thalamus. These two afferents systems project to separate, nonoverlapping, regions of the hippocampus. Specifically, the SUM distributes to the dentate gyrus (DG) and to CA2 of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, whereas RE projects to CA1 of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and to the subiculum. SUM and RE fibers to the hippocampus participate in common as well as in separate functions. Both systems would appear to amplify signals from other sources to their respective hippocampal targets. SUM amplifies signals from the entorhinal cortex (EC) to DG, whereas RE may amplify them from CA3 (and EC) to CA1 of the hippocampus. This "amplification" may serve to promote the transfer, encoding, and possibly storage of information from EC to DG and from CA3 and EC to CA1. Regarding their unique actions on the hippocampus, the SUM is a vital part of an ascending brainstem to hippocampal system generating the theta rhythm of the hippocampus, whereas RE importantly routes information from the medial prefrontal cortex to the hippocampus to thereby mediate functions involving both structures. In summary, although, to date, SUM and RE afferents to the hippocampus have not been extensively explored, the SUM and RE exert a profound influence on the hippocampus in processes of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Vertes
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
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43
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Renouard L, Billwiller F, Ogawa K, Clément O, Camargo N, Abdelkarim M, Gay N, Scoté-Blachon C, Touré R, Libourel PA, Ravassard P, Salvert D, Peyron C, Claustrat B, Léger L, Salin P, Malleret G, Fort P, Luppi PH. The supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum activate the cortex during REM sleep. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1400177. [PMID: 26601158 PMCID: PMC4640625 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Evidence in humans suggests that limbic cortices are more active during rapid eye movement (REM or paradoxical) sleep than during waking, a phenomenon fitting with the presence of vivid dreaming during this state. In that context, it seemed essential to determine which populations of cortical neurons are activated during REM sleep. Our aim in the present study is to fill this gap by combining gene expression analysis, functional neuroanatomy, and neurochemical lesions in rats. We find in rats that, during REM sleep hypersomnia compared to control and REM sleep deprivation, the dentate gyrus, claustrum, cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and medial entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices are the only cortical structures containing neurons with an increased expression of Bdnf, FOS, and ARC, known markers of activation and/or synaptic plasticity. Further, the dentate gyrus is the only cortical structure containing more FOS-labeled neurons during REM sleep hypersomnia than during waking. Combining FOS staining, retrograde labeling, and neurochemical lesion, we then provide evidence that FOS overexpression occurring in the cortex during REM sleep hypersomnia is due to projections from the supramammillary nucleus and the claustrum. Our results strongly suggest that only a subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons are activated and display plasticity during REM sleep by means of ascending projections from the claustrum and the supramammillary nucleus. Our results pave the way for future studies to identify the function of REM sleep with regard to dreaming and emotional memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Renouard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Boulevard, PBS230, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Francesca Billwiller
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Keiko Ogawa
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Olivier Clément
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nutabi Camargo
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Nadine Gay
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Céline Scoté-Blachon
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Rouguy Touré
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Ravassard
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Denise Salvert
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Christelle Peyron
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Bruno Claustrat
- Service de Radioanalyse, Centre de Médecine nucléaire, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron Cedex, France
| | - Lucienne Léger
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Paul Salin
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Gael Malleret
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Patrice Fort
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pierre-Hervé Luppi
- UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Team “Physiopathologie des réseaux neuronaux responsables du cycle veille-sommeil,” Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine RTH Laennec, 7 Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
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Yamawaki R, Thind K, Buckmaster PS. Blockade of excitatory synaptogenesis with proximal dendrites of dentate granule cells following rapamycin treatment in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:281-97. [PMID: 25234294 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway with rapamycin blocks granule cell axon (mossy fiber) sprouting after epileptogenic injuries, including pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. However, it remains unclear whether axons from other types of neurons sprout into the inner molecular layer and synapse with granule cell dendrites despite rapamycin treatment. If so, other aberrant positive-feedback networks might develop. To test this possibility stereological electron microscopy was used to estimate the numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per hippocampus in pilocarpine-treated control mice, in mice 5 days after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, and after status epilepticus and daily treatment beginning 24 hours later with rapamycin or vehicle for 2 months. The optical fractionator method was used to estimate numbers of granule cells in Nissl-stained sections so that numbers of excitatory synapses in the inner molecular layer per granule cell could be calculated. Control mice had an average of 2,280 asymmetric synapses in the inner molecular layer per granule cell, which was reduced to 63% of controls 5 days after status epilepticus, recovered to 93% of controls in vehicle-treated mice 2 months after status epilepticus, but remained at only 63% of controls in rapamycin-treated mice. These findings reveal that rapamycin prevented excitatory axons from synapsing with proximal dendrites of granule cells and raise questions about the recurrent excitation hypothesis of temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Yamawaki
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
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45
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Soussi R, Boulland JL, Bassot E, Bras H, Coulon P, Chaudhry FA, Storm-Mathisen J, Ferhat L, Esclapez M. Reorganization of supramammillary-hippocampal pathways in the rat pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence for axon terminal sprouting. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:2449-68. [PMID: 24889162 PMCID: PMC4481331 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), spontaneous seizures likely originate from a multi-structural epileptogenic zone, including several regions of the limbic system connected to the hippocampal formation. In this study, we investigate the structural connectivity between the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) and the dentate gyrus (DG) in the model of MTLE induced by pilocarpine in the rat. This hypothalamic nucleus, which provides major extracortical projections to the hippocampal formation, plays a key role in the regulation of several hippocampus-dependent activities, including theta rhythms, memory function and emotional behavior, such as stress and anxiety, functions that are known to be altered in MTLE. Our findings demonstrate a marked reorganization of DG afferents originating from the SuM in pilocarpine-treated rats. This reorganization, which starts during the latent period, is massive when animals become epileptic and continue to evolve during epilepsy. It is characterized by an aberrant distribution and an increased number of axon terminals from neurons of both lateral and medial regions of the SuM, invading the entire inner molecular layer of the DG. This reorganization, which reflects an axon terminal sprouting from SuM neurons, could contribute to trigger spontaneous seizures within an altered hippocampal intrinsic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Soussi
- INSERM, UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes - INS, 13385, Marseille, France
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46
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Silva CG, Métin C, Fazeli W, Machado NJ, Darmopil S, Launay PS, Ghestem A, Nesa MP, Bassot E, Szabó E, Baqi Y, Müller CE, Tomé AR, Ivanov A, Isbrandt D, Zilberter Y, Cunha RA, Esclapez M, Bernard C. Adenosine receptor antagonists including caffeine alter fetal brain development in mice. Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:197ra104. [PMID: 23926202 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3006258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of certain substances during pregnancy can interfere with brain development, leading to deleterious long-term neurological and cognitive impairments in offspring. To test whether modulators of adenosine receptors affect neural development, we exposed mouse dams to a subtype-selective adenosine type 2A receptor (A2AR) antagonist or to caffeine, a naturally occurring adenosine receptor antagonist, during pregnancy and lactation. We observed delayed migration and insertion of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons into the hippocampal circuitry during the first postnatal week in offspring of dams treated with the A2AR antagonist or caffeine. This was associated with increased neuronal network excitability and increased susceptibility to seizures in response to a seizure-inducing agent. Adult offspring of mouse dams exposed to A2AR antagonists during pregnancy and lactation displayed loss of hippocampal GABA neurons and some cognitive deficits. These results demonstrate that exposure to A2AR antagonists including caffeine during pregnancy and lactation in rodents may have adverse effects on the neural development of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla G Silva
- Aix Marseille Université, INS, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Reul JMHM. Making memories of stressful events: a journey along epigenetic, gene transcription, and signaling pathways. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:5. [PMID: 24478733 PMCID: PMC3897878 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong psychologically stressful events are known to have a long-lasting impact on behavior. The consolidation of such, largely adaptive, behavioral responses to stressful events involves changes in gene expression in limbic brain regions such as the hippocampus and amygdala. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were until recently unresolved. More than a decade ago, we started to investigate the role of these hormones in signaling and epigenetic mechanisms participating in the effects of stress on gene transcription in hippocampal neurons. We discovered a novel, rapid non-genomic mechanism in which glucocorticoids via glucocorticoid receptors facilitate signaling of the ERK-MAPK signaling pathway to the downstream nuclear kinases MSK1 and Elk-1 in dentate gyrus granule neurons. Activation of this signaling pathway results in serine10 (S10) phosphorylation and lysine14 (K14) acetylation at histone H3 (H3S10p-K14ac), leading to the induction of the immediate-early genes c-Fos and Egr-1. In addition, we found a role of the DNA methylation status of gene promoters. A series of studies showed that these molecular mechanisms play a critical role in the long-lasting consolidation of behavioral responses in the forced swim test and Morris water maze. Furthermore, an important role of GABA was found in controlling the epigenetic and gene transcriptional responses to psychological stress. Thus, psychologically stressful events evoke a long-term impact on behavior through changes in hippocampal function brought about by distinct glutamatergic and glucocorticoid-driven changes in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription, which are modulated by (local) GABAergic interneurons and limbic afferent inputs. These epigenetic processes may play an important role in the etiology of stress-related mental disorders such as major depressive and anxiety disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes M. H. M. Reul
- Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Ohara S, Sato S, Tsutsui KI, Witter MP, Iijima T. Organization of multisynaptic inputs to the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus: retrograde trans-synaptic tracing with rabies virus vector in the rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78928. [PMID: 24223172 PMCID: PMC3819259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression studies have shown functional dissociations between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus with regard to their involvement in spatial cognition, emotion, and stress. In this study we examined the difference of the multisynaptic inputs to the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus (DG) in the rat by using retrograde trans-synaptic tracing of recombinant rabies virus vectors. Three days after the vectors were injected into the dorsal or ventral DG, monosynaptic neuronal labeling was present in the entorhinal cortex, medial septum, diagonal band, and supramammillary nucleus, each of which is known to project to the DG directly. As in previous tracing studies, topographical patterns related to the dorsal and ventral DG were seen in these regions. Five days after infection, more of the neurons in these regions were labeled and labeled neurons were also seen in cortical and subcortical regions, including the piriform and medial prefrontal cortices, the endopiriform nucleus, the claustrum, the cortical amygdala, the medial raphe nucleus, the medial habenular nucleus, the interpeduncular nucleus, and the lateral septum. As in the monosynaptically labeled regions, a topographical distribution of labeled neurons was evident in most of these disynaptically labeled regions. These data indicate that the cortical and subcortical inputs to the dorsal and ventral DG are conveyed through parallel disynaptic pathways. This second-order input difference in the dorsal and ventral DG is likely to contribute to the functional differentiation of the hippocampus along the dorsoventral axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohara
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sho Sato
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toshio Iijima
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Sendai, Japan
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Castillo-Ruiz A, Gall AJ, Smale L, Nunez AA. Day-night differences in neural activation in histaminergic and serotonergic areas with putative projections to the cerebrospinal fluid in a diurnal brain. Neuroscience 2013; 250:352-63. [PMID: 23867764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In nocturnal rodents, brain areas that promote wakefulness have a circadian pattern of neural activation that mirrors the sleep/wake cycle, with more neural activation during the active phase than during the rest phase. To investigate whether differences in temporal patterns of neural activity in wake-promoting regions contribute to differences in daily patterns of wakefulness between nocturnal and diurnal species, we assessed Fos expression patterns in the tuberomammillary (TMM), supramammillary (SUM), and raphe nuclei of male grass rats maintained in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle. Day-night profiles of Fos expression were observed in the ventral and dorsal TMM, in the SUM, and in specific subpopulations of the raphe, including serotonergic cells, with higher Fos expression during the day than during the night. Next, to explore whether the cerebrospinal fluid is an avenue used by the TMM and raphe in the regulation of target areas, we injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit beta (CTB) into the ventricular system of male grass rats. While CTB labeling was scarce in the TMM and other hypothalamic areas including the suprachiasmatic nucleus, which contains the main circadian pacemaker, a dense cluster of CTB-positive neurons was evident in the caudal dorsal raphe, and the majority of these neurons appeared to be serotonergic. Since these findings are in agreement with reports for nocturnal rodents, our results suggest that the evolution of diurnality did not involve a change in the overall distribution of neuronal connections between systems that support wakefulness and their target areas, but produced a complete temporal reversal in the functioning of those systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castillo-Ruiz
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Hahn JD, Swanson LW. Connections of the lateral hypothalamic area juxtadorsomedial region in the male rat. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:1831-90. [PMID: 22488503 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The connections of the lateral hypothalamic area juxtadorsomedial region (LHAjd) were investigated in a series of pathway-tracing experiments involving iontophoretic co-injection of the tracers Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L; for outputs) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB; for inputs). Results revealed that the LHAjd has connections with some 318 distinct gray matter regions encompassing all four subsystems-motor, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral state-included in a basic structure-function network model of the nervous system. Integration of these subsystems is necessary for the coordination and control of emotion and behavior, and in that regard the connections of the LHAjd indicate that it may have a prominent role. Furthermore, the LHAjd connections, together with the connections of other LHA differentiations studied similarly to date, indicate a distinct topographic organization that suggests each LHA differentiation has specifically differing degrees of involvement in the control of multiple behaviors. For the LHAjd, its involvement to a high degree in the control of defensive behavior, and to a lesser degree in the control of other behaviors, including ingestive and reproductive, is suggested. Moreover, the connections of the LHAjd suggest that its possible role in the control of these behaviors may be very broad in scope because they involve the somatic, neuroendocrine, and autonomic divisions of the nervous system. In addition, we suggest that connections between LHA differentiations may provide, at the level of the hypothalamus, a neuronal substrate for the coordinated control of multiple themes in the behavioral repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-2520, USA.
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