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Gomez-Pinilla F, Thapak P. Exercise epigenetics is fueled by cell bioenergetics: Supporting role on brain plasticity and cognition. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:43-55. [PMID: 38677488 PMCID: PMC11144461 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exercise has the unique aptitude to benefit overall health of body and brain. Evidence indicates that the effects of exercise can be saved in the epigenome for considerable time to elevate the threshold for various diseases. The action of exercise on epigenetic regulation seems central to building an "epigenetic memory" to influence long-term brain function and behavior. As an intrinsic bioenergetic process, exercise engages the function of the mitochondria and redox pathways to impinge upon molecular mechanisms that regulate synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. We discuss how the action of exercise uses mechanisms of bioenergetics to support a "epigenetic memory" with long-term implications for neural and behavioral plasticity. This information is crucial for directing the power of exercise to reduce the burden of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pavan Thapak
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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2
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Maltseva K. Stress exposure, perceived stress, protective psychosocial factors, and health status in Ukraine after the full-scale invasion. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241259728. [PMID: 39054620 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241259728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of stress as a cause of ill health has received much attention in social sciences. The distinction between stress exposure and perceived stress emphasizes the importance of cognitive dimension of stress. This quantitative study (N = 213) conducted in Ukraine in November 2022 collected self-reported cognitive data on stress exposure, perceived stress, and self-rated heath. The goals of the study included (1) testing if stress exposure and perceived stress differ in terms of breadth and depth of their impact; (2) isolating psychosocial factors that reduce stress; and (3) testing if individuals who have relocated within Ukraine or abroad to escape the war had worse health outcomes than those who remained at their domiciles. The results suggest that while perceived stress was a stronger predictor of negative health outcomes, optimism and social support served as protective psychosocial factors. Having moved abroad predicted higher stress levels and more adverse health symptoms.
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Bispo DPCF, Lins CCSA, Hawkes KL, Tripp S, Khoo TK. The Positive Effects of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:94. [PMID: 39051258 PMCID: PMC11270410 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity can have positive effects on motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease, but its benefits in terms of quality of life and function are uncertain and vary based on the specific forms of activities and interventions. OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the current evidence on the positive effects of physical activity in people with Parkinson's disease and more specifically in relation to its potential benefits for quality of life. METHODS This systematic review was conducted between January and April 2024 via the PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases. Predetermined search criteria were used that included the following terms: "Parkinson's disease", "quality of life" and "physical activity". RESULTS A total of 1669 articles were identified. After utilizing predetermined criteria, a total of fifteen articles met the selection criteria. Statistically significant improvements in quality of life were found in seven studies. Seven studies demonstrated a significant improvement in non-motor symptoms, while nine studies showed an improvement in motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Despite heterogeneity in the study designs, interventions and clinical assessments, the articles identified in this review yielded mostly positive results in relation to physical activities. The findings reflect an improvement in motor and non-motor symptoms may translate to a better quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharah P. C. F. Bispo
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Sciences Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Gerontology Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Carla C. S. A. Lins
- Gerontology Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
- Anatomy Department, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Kelly L. Hawkes
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Shae Tripp
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
| | - Tien K. Khoo
- School of Medicine & Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Northern New South Wales Local Health District, Ballina, NSW 2478, Australia
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Zhang J, Tian Z, Qin C, Momeni MR. The effects of exercise on epigenetic modifications: focus on DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Hum Cell 2024; 37:887-903. [PMID: 38587596 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity on a regular basis has been shown to bolster the overall wellness of an individual; research is now revealing that these changes are accompanied by epigenetic modifications. Regular exercise has been proven to make intervention plans more successful and prolong adherence to them. When it comes to epigenetic changes, there are four primary components. This includes changes to the DNA, histones, expression of particular non-coding RNAs and DNA methylation. External triggers, such as physical activity, can lead to modifications in the epigenetic components, resulting in changes in the transcription process. This report pays attention to the current knowledge that pertains to the epigenetic alterations that occur after exercise, the genes affected and the resulting characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiong Zhang
- Xiamen Academy of Art and Design, Fuzhou University, Xiamen, 361024, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhongxin Tian
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Chao Qin
- College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
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Liu C, Gao S, Li S. The effect of physical exercise intervention on the ability of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's dementia: a meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1391611. [PMID: 38882523 PMCID: PMC11177344 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1391611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the effect of physical exercise intervention on the activities of daily living (ADL) on patients with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and explore the optimal exercise scheme. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases were searched from 1987 to December 2023 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3. And STATA 16.0 was used for performing the meta-analysis. Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that physical exercise had a positive effect on the improvement of ADL in patients with AD [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.312, 95% confidence interval (CI 0.039-0.585), P = 0.02], and the difference was statistically significant. The results of subgroup analysis showed that anaerobic exercises such as strength and balance training with a medium cycle of 12-16 weeks and lasting 30-45 min each time were more ideal for the improvement of basic daily living ability of AD patients. Conclusion Physical exercise can effectively improve activities of daily living in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and it may be a potential non-drug treatment for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Liu
- School of Sports Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Shiying Gao
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Sport University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Physical Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Powell A, Hanna C, Sajjad M, Yao R, Blum K, Gold MS, Quattrin T, Thanos PK. Exercise Influences the Brain's Metabolic Response to Chronic Cocaine Exposure in Male Rats. J Pers Med 2024; 14:500. [PMID: 38793082 PMCID: PMC11122626 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use is associated with negative health outcomes: cocaine use disorders, speedballing, and overdose deaths. Currently, treatments for cocaine use disorders and overdose are non-existent when compared to opioid use disorders, and current standard cocaine use disorder treatments have high dropout and recidivism rates. Physical exercise has been shown to attenuate addiction behavior as well as modulate brain activity. This study examined the differential effects of chronic cocaine use between exercised and sedentary rats. The effects of exercise on brain glucose metabolism (BGluM) following chronic cocaine exposure were assessed using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Compared to sedentary animals, exercise decreased metabolism in the SIBF primary somatosensory cortex. Activation occurred in the amygdalopiriform and piriform cortex, trigeminothalamic tract, rhinal and perirhinal cortex, and visual cortex. BGluM changes may help ameliorate various aspects of cocaine abuse and reinstatement. Further investigation is needed into the underlying neuronal circuits involved in BGluM changes and their association with addiction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Powell
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (A.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Colin Hanna
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (A.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Munawwar Sajjad
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (M.S.); (R.Y.)
| | - Rutao Yao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; (M.S.); (R.Y.)
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Sports, Exercise, and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Mark S. Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Teresa Quattrin
- UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (A.P.); (C.H.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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Reddy JS, Heath L, Vander Linden A, Allen M, de Paiva Lopes K, Seifar F, Wang E, Ma Y, Poehlman WL, Quicksall ZS, Runnels A, Wang Y, Duong DM, Yin L, Xu K, Modeste ES, Shantaraman A, Dammer EB, Ping L, Oatman SR, Scanlan J, Ho C, Carrasquillo MM, Atik M, Yepez G, Mitchell AO, Nguyen TT, Chen X, Marquez DX, Reddy H, Xiao H, Seshadri S, Mayeux R, Prokop S, Lee EB, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Teich AF, Haroutunian V, Fox EJ, Gearing M, Wingo A, Wingo T, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Dickson DW, Barnes LL, De Jager P, Zhang B, Bennett D, Seyfried NT, Greenwood AK, Ertekin-Taner N. Bridging the Gap: Multi-Omics Profiling of Brain Tissue in Alzheimer's Disease and Older Controls in Multi-Ethnic Populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589592. [PMID: 38659743 PMCID: PMC11042309 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-omics studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) revealed many potential disease pathways and therapeutic targets. Despite their promise of precision medicine, these studies lacked African Americans (AA) and Latin Americans (LA), who are disproportionately affected by AD. METHODS To bridge this gap, Accelerating Medicines Partnership in AD (AMP-AD) expanded brain multi-omics profiling to multi-ethnic donors. RESULTS We generated multi-omics data and curated and harmonized phenotypic data from AA (n=306), LA (n=326), or AA and LA (n=4) brain donors plus Non-Hispanic White (n=252) and other (n=20) ethnic groups, to establish a foundational dataset enriched for AA and LA participants. This study describes the data available to the research community, including transcriptome from three brain regions, whole genome sequence, and proteome measures. DISCUSSION Inclusion of traditionally underrepresented groups in multi-omics studies is essential to discover the full spectrum of precision medicine targets that will be pertinent to all populations affected with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Reddy
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Laura Heath
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 3rd Ave #330, Seattle, WA 98121
| | | | - Mariet Allen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Katia de Paiva Lopes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Fatemeh Seifar
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erming Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | | | | | - Alexi Runnels
- New York Genome Center, 101 6th Ave, New York, NY 10013
| | - Yanling Wang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Duc M Duong
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Luming Yin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kaiming Xu
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erica S Modeste
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Eric B Dammer
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lingyan Ping
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jo Scanlan
- Sage Bionetworks, 2901 3rd Ave #330, Seattle, WA 98121
| | - Charlotte Ho
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | - Merve Atik
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Geovanna Yepez
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | | | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - David X Marquez
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Chicago, 1200 West Harrison St., Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Hasini Reddy
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Harrison Xiao
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Glen Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas, 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | | | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Brain Bank at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2676
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 W Santa Fe Dr, Sun City, AZ 85351
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Varham Haroutunian
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
| | - Edward J Fox
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Marla Gearing
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Aliza Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Thomas Wingo
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - James J Lah
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Allan I Levey
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1440 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL 32224
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Philip De Jager
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029
| | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, 1750 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL 60612
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Qian P, Wang S, Zhang T, Wu J. Transcriptional Expression of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases During the Recovery of Acute Exercise in Mouse Hippocampus. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:34. [PMID: 38565829 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein acetylation, which is dynamically maintained by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), might play essential roles in hippocampal exercise physiology. However, whether HATs/HDACs are imbalanced during the recovery phase following acute exercise has not been determined. Groups of exercised mice with different recovery periods after acute exercise (0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 4 h, 7 h, and 24 h) were constructed, and a group of sham-exercised mice was used as the control. The mRNA levels of HATs and HDACs were detected via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lysine acetylation on the total proteins and some specific locations on histones were detected via western blotting, as were various acylation modifications on the total proteins. Except for four unaffected genes (Hdac4, Ncoa1, Ncoa2, and Sirt1), the mRNA expression trajectories of 21 other HATs or HDACs affected by exercise could be categorized into three clusters. The genes in Cluster 1 increased quickly following exercise, with a peak at 0.5 h and/or 1 h, and remained at high levels until 24 h. Cluster 2 genes presented a gradual increase with a delayed peak at 4 h or 7 h postexercise before returning to baseline. The expression of Cluster 3 genes decreased at 0.5 h and/or 1 h, with some returning to overexpression (Hdac1 and Sirt3). Although most HATs were upregulated and half of the affected HDACs were downregulated at 0.5 h postexercise, the global or residue-specific histone acetylation levels were unchanged. In contrast, the levels of several metabolism-related acylation products of total proteins, including acetylation, succinylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyryllysine, β-hydroxybutyryllysine, and lactylation, decreased and mainly occurred on nonhistones immediately after exercise. During the 24-h recovery phase after acute exercise, the transcriptional trajectory of HATs or the same class of HDACs in the hippocampus exhibited heterogeneity. Although acute exercise did not affect the selected sites on histone lysine residues, it possibly incurred changes in acetylation and other acylation on nonhistone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qian
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Children Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Neuman J, Ina EA, Huq SO, Blanca A, Petrosky SN. Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Effect of Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Factors on Medical Students' Academic Achievement. Cureus 2024; 16:e56343. [PMID: 38633916 PMCID: PMC11022033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy dietary habits, decreased physical activity, poor sleep quality, and increasing levels of stress and burnout have all been identified as major concerns of medical students. Due to the rigorous environment of medical school, maintaining a well-balanced and nutritious diet is often replaced by more convenient and nutrient-poor options. Improper dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle both play an essential role in the development of type II diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. These unhealthy trends commonly stem from the innate drive for medical students to achieve at the highest level, sacrificing healthy lifestyle choices to maximize studying. Unfortunately, this dynamic creates a paradox where students create an unhealthy lifestyle to increase academic achievement; however, these destructive living conditions lead to a diminished sense of well-being. As a result, greater rates of burnout, comorbidities, and other maladaptive tendencies diminish success in school. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of lifestyle habits such as nutrition, physical activity (PA), and stress on academic performance (grade point average: GPA) among first- and second-year students at Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine (KPCOM). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical students (n = 161) under institutional review board (IRB) approval. The students voluntarily completed a self-reported survey containing questions about diet, exercise (frequency and type), stress, and self-reported GPA. About 800 students were invited to complete the survey between June 15, 2022, and June 28, 2022. A simple lifestyle indicator questionnaire (SLIQ) score was determined for each student based on their diet, PA, and stress responses. RESULTS The results showed a significant positive correlation between SLIQ score and high academic achievement. A significant positive association was found between the low academic-achieving (LAA)(2.00-2.99 GPA) vs the high (3.60-4.00 GPA) academic-achieving (HAA) cohorts for physical activity (p = 0.012) as well as diet (p = 0.043). Further, the HAA cohort reported higher satisfaction with their mental and physical health (74% and 54%, respectively) as compared to the LAA cohort (29% each). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated positive correlations between diet and physical activity with high academic achievement. The HAA cohort recorded the highest rates of fruit/vegetable and home-cooked meal consumption and the greatest participation in light, moderate, and heavy exercise when compared to the middle academic-achieving (MAA) (3.00-3.59 GPA) and LAA cohorts. Interestingly, the HAA students also recorded the highest rates of satisfaction with their mental and physical health. As a result, there is a need to promote healthier lifestyle trends among medical students with a focus on diet and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Neuman
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Emily A Ina
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Shakil O Huq
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Alex Blanca
- Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Stephanie N Petrosky
- Nutrition, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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10
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Treble-Barna A, Petersen BA, Stec Z, Conley YP, Fink EL, Kochanek PM. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury and Recovery. Biomolecules 2024; 14:191. [PMID: 38397427 PMCID: PMC10886547 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We review emerging preclinical and clinical evidence regarding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein, genotype, and DNA methylation (DNAm) as biomarkers of outcomes in three important etiologies of pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury, global cerebral ischemia, and stroke. We also summarize evidence suggesting that BDNF is (1) involved in the biological embedding of the psychosocial environment, (2) responsive to rehabilitative therapies, and (3) potentially modifiable. BDNF's unique potential as a biomarker of neuroplasticity and neural repair that is reflective of and responsive to both pre- and post-injury environmental influences separates it from traditional protein biomarkers of structural brain injury with exciting potential to advance pediatric ABI management by increasing the accuracy of prognostic tools and informing clinical decision making through the monitoring of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amery Treble-Barna
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (B.A.P.); (Z.S.)
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.L.F.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Bailey A. Petersen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (B.A.P.); (Z.S.)
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.L.F.); (P.M.K.)
| | - Zachary Stec
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (B.A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- Department of Health Promotion & Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Ericka L. Fink
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.L.F.); (P.M.K.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (E.L.F.); (P.M.K.)
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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11
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Moghadasi M, Akbari F, Najafi P. Interaction of aerobic exercise and crocin improves memory, learning and hypocampic tau and neurotrophins gene expression in rats treated with trimethytin as a model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:111. [PMID: 38227208 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and a reduction in hippocampal neurotrophins, in which trimethytin (TMT) infusion causes tangles and neuronal dysfunction, creating an AD-like model in rats. Previous studies have demonstrated that crocin, which has anti-inflammatory properties, can enhance learning, memory acquisition, and cognitive behavior. This study aimed to assess the combined impact of aerobic exercise and crocin on memory, learning, and hippocampal Tau and neurotrophins gene expression in AD-like model rats. METHODS Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) healthy control, (2) Alzheimer's control, (3) endurance training, (4) crocin consumption, and (5) endurance training + crocin. Alzheimer's induction was achieved in groups 2-5 through intraperitoneal injection of 8 mg/kg TMT. Rats in groups 3 and 5 engaged in treadmill running three sessions per week, 15-30 min per session, at a speed of 15-20 m/min for eight weeks, and groups 4 and 5 received daily crocin supplementation of 25 mg/kg. RESULTS Alzheimer's induction with TMT showed significant reduction in memory, learning, NGF, BDNF, and TrkB gene expression, and increase in tau gene expression (all p < 0.05). Notably, endurance training and crocin consumption separately significantly increased memory, learning, NGF, BDNF, and TrkB gene expression while significantly decreasing tau gene expression (all p < 0.05). Importantly, combined endurance training with crocin yielded the most profound effects on memory (p = 0.001), NGF (p = 0.002), BDNF (p = 0.001), and TrkB (p = 0.003) gene expression (p < 0.005), as well as a reduction in tau gene expression (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings underscore the possible impact of endurance training, particularly when coupled with crocin, on enhancing memory, learning, and neurotrophin gene expression and reducing tau gene expression in Alzheimer's rats. These results highlight the possibility of synergistic interventions for improved therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Moghadasi
- Department of Physical Education, Shiraz branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Akbari
- Department of Physical Education, Darab branch, Islamic Azad University, Darab, Iran
| | - Parisa Najafi
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Radak Z, Pan L, Zhou L, Mozaffaritabar S, Gu Y, A Pinho R, Zheng X, Ba X, Boldogh I. Epigenetic and "redoxogenetic" adaptation to physical exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:65-74. [PMID: 37977212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-induced adaptation is achieved by altering the epigenetic landscape of the entire genome leading to the expression of genes involved in various processes including regulatory, metabolic, adaptive, immune, and myogenic functions. Clinical and experimental data suggest that the methylation pattern/levels of promoter/enhancer is not linearly correlated with gene expression and proteome levels during physical activity implying a level of complexity and interplay with other regulatory modulators. It has been shown that a higher level of physical fitness is associated with a slower DNA methylation-based aging clock. There is strong evidence supporting exercise-induced ROS being a key regulatory mediator through overlapping events, both as signaling entities and through oxidative modifications to various protein mediators and DNA molecules. ROS generated by physical activity shapes epigenome both directly and indirectly, a complexity we are beginning to unravel within the epigenetic arrangement. Oxidative modification of guanine to 8-oxoguanine is a non-genotoxic alteration, does not distort DNA helix and serves as an epigenetic-like mark. The reader and eraser of oxidized guanine is the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, contributing to changes in gene expression. In fact, it can modulate methylation patterns of promoters/enhancers consequently leading to multiple phenotypic changes. Here, we provide evidence and discuss the potential roles of exercise-induced ROS in altering cytosine methylation patterns during muscle adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Lei Zhou
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Soroosh Mozaffaritabar
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, Hungarian University of Sport Science, 1123, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Xu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX77555, USA
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13
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Mallick R, Duttaroy AK. Epigenetic modification impacting brain functions: Effects of physical activity, micronutrients, caffeine, toxins, and addictive substances. Neurochem Int 2023; 171:105627. [PMID: 37827244 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression are involved in many brain functions. Epigenetic processes modulate gene expression by histone modification and DNA methylation or RNA-mediated processes, which is important for brain function. Consequently, epigenetic changes are also a part of brain diseases such as mental illness and addiction. Understanding the role of different factors on the brain epigenome may help us understand the function of the brain. This review discussed the effects of caffeine, lipids, addictive substances, physical activity, and pollutants on the epigenetic changes in the brain and their modulatory effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, POB 1046 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Latchney SE, Cadney MD, Hopkins A, Garland T. Maternal upbringing and selective breeding for voluntary exercise behavior modify patterns of DNA methylation and expression of genes in the mouse brain. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12858. [PMID: 37519068 PMCID: PMC10733581 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Selective breeding has been utilized to study the genetic basis of exercise behavior, but research suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, also contribute to this behavior. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the brains of mice from a genetically selected high runner (HR) line have sex-specific changes in DNA methylation patterns in genes known to be genomically imprinted compared to those from a non-selected control (C) line. Through cross-fostering, we also found that maternal upbringing can modify the DNA methylation patterns of additional genes. Here, we identify an additional set of genes in which DNA methylation patterns and gene expression may be altered by selection for increased wheel-running activity and maternal upbringing. We performed bisulfite sequencing and gene expression assays of 14 genes in the brain and found alterations in DNA methylation and gene expression for Bdnf, Pde4d and Grin2b. Decreases in Bdnf methylation correlated with significant increases in Bdnf gene expression in the hippocampus of HR compared to C mice. Cross-fostering also influenced the DNA methylation patterns for Pde4d in the cortex and Grin2b in the hippocampus, with associated changes in gene expression. We also found that the DNA methylation patterns for Atrx and Oxtr in the cortex and Atrx and Bdnf in the hippocampus were further modified by sex. Together with our previous study, these results suggest that DNA methylation and the resulting change in gene expression may interact with early-life influences to shape adult exercise behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Latchney
- Department of BiologySt. Mary's College of MarylandSt. Mary's CityMarylandUSA
| | - Marcell D. Cadney
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
- Neuroscience Research Institute, University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Cefis M, Chaney R, Wirtz J, Méloux A, Quirié A, Leger C, Prigent-Tessier A, Garnier P. Molecular mechanisms underlying physical exercise-induced brain BDNF overproduction. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1275924. [PMID: 37868812 PMCID: PMC10585026 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1275924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports that physical exercise (EX) is the most effective non-pharmacological strategy to improve brain health. EX prevents cognitive decline associated with age and decreases the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. These positive effects of EX can be attributed to an increase in neurogenesis and neuroplastic processes, leading to learning and memory improvement. At the molecular level, there is a solid consensus to involve the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as the crucial molecule for positive EX effects on the brain. However, even though EX incontestably leads to beneficial processes through BDNF expression, cellular sources and molecular mechanisms underlying EX-induced cerebral BDNF overproduction are still being elucidated. In this context, the present review offers a summary of the different molecular mechanisms involved in brain's response to EX, with a specific focus on BDNF. It aims to provide a cohesive overview of the three main mechanisms leading to EX-induced brain BDNF production: the neuronal-dependent overexpression, the elevation of cerebral blood flow (hemodynamic hypothesis), and the exerkine signaling emanating from peripheral tissues (humoral response). By shedding light on these intricate pathways, this review seeks to contribute to the ongoing elucidation of the relationship between EX and cerebral BDNF expression, offering valuable insights into the potential therapeutic implications for brain health enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cefis
- Département des Sciences de l’Activité Physique, Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Remi Chaney
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Wirtz
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Méloux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Clémence Leger
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Dijon, France
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Dijon, France
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16
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Costa GA, de Gusmão Taveiros Silva NK, Marianno P, Chivers P, Bailey A, Camarini R. Environmental Enrichment Increased Bdnf Transcripts in the Prefrontal Cortex: Implications for an Epigenetically Controlled Mechanism. Neuroscience 2023; 526:277-289. [PMID: 37419403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) is a condition characterized by its complexity regarding social contact, exposure to novelty, tactile stimuli and voluntary exercise, also is considered as a eustress model. The impact of EE on brain physiology and behavioral outcomes may be at least partly underpinned by mechanisms involving the modulation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but the connection between specific Bdnf exon expression and their epigenetic regulation remain poorly understood. This study aimed to dissect the transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory effect of 54-day exposure to EE on BDNF by analysing individual BDNF exons mRNA expression and the DNA methylation profile of a key transcriptional regulator of the Bdnf gene, exon IV, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of C57BL/6 male mice (sample size = 33). Bdnf exons II, IV, VI and IX mRNA expression were upregulated and methylation levels at two CpG sites of exon IV were reduced in the PFC of EE mice. As deficit in exon IV expression has also been causally implicated in stress-related psychopathologies, we also assessed anxiety-like behavior and plasma corticosterone levels in these mice to determine any potential correlation. However, no changes were observed in EE mice. The findings may suggest an EE-induced epigenetic control of BDNF exon expression via a mechanism involving exon IV methylation. The findings of this study contribute to the current literature by dissecting the Bdnf gene topology in the PFC where transcriptional and epigenetic regulatory effect of EE takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Araújo Costa
- Pharmacology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Marianno
- Pharmacology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priti Chivers
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, London, UK.
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Pharmacology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Hammoudi Halat D, Hallit S, Younes S, AlFikany M, Khaled S, Krayem M, El Khatib S, Rahal M. Exploring the effects of health behaviors and mental health on students' academic achievement: a cross-sectional study on lebanese university students. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1228. [PMID: 37365573 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High academic achievement, an important determinant of future success, is known to be influenced by many factors including dietary behavior, lifestyle and mental health, among others. The objectives of the current study were to explore university students' nutritive habits, daily lifestyle, and mental status, and to scrutinize the associations between these factors and students' academic achievement. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of a private Lebanese university, using an electronic survey. Diet, eating habits, physical activity, sleep, and smoking were evaluated, and mental health was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the combined Depression, Anxiety, Stress Score (DASS-8). Academic achievement was measured using the Subjective Academic Achievement Scale (SAAS). RESULTS A total of 1677 students participated in the questionnaire. The results of a linear regression taking the SAAS score as the dependent variable, showed that students who have a non-scientific versus scientific major (Beta = 0.53), and having breakfast ≥ 4 days per week compared to less than 2 days (Beta = 0.28) were significantly associated with higher SAAS scores. More psychological distress (Beta = - 0.06) and a higher number of days of eating out (Beta = - 0.07) were significantly associated with lower SAAS scores. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation on a Lebanese university students' academic success in relation to lifestyle and mental profiles. Better academic achievement was demonstrated by students having healthier dietary and lifestyle habits, as well as less distressing mental status. Such results, in light of the compounded and unprecedented crises with which Lebanon has been assailed, suggest the need to focus on promoting healthy habits among students in higher education as a possible driver of better academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Academic Quality Department, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon.
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
- Department of Research, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Samar Younes
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Mira AlFikany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Khaled
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Maha Krayem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
| | - Sami El Khatib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics (CAMB), Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Mohamad Rahal
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon
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18
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Wang X, Zhang J, Chen C, Lu Z, Zhang D, Li S. The association between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly in rural areas of northern China. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1168892. [PMID: 37409011 PMCID: PMC10318189 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1168892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity plays an important role in cognitive function in older adults, and the threshold effect and saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function are unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the threshold effect and saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function in the elderly. Methods The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to measure moderate-intensity physical activity and vigorous-intensity physical activity and total physical activity in older adults. Cognitive function assessment uses the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). The scale consists of seven parts: visual space, naming, attention, language, abstract ability, delayed recall and orientation, for a total of 30 points. The total score of the study participants < 26 was defined as the optimum cutoff point for a definition of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The multivariable linear regression model was used to initially explore the relationship between physical activity and total cognitive function scores. The logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between physical activity and cognitive function dimensions and MCI. The threshold effect and saturation effect between the total physical activity and the total cognitive function scores were investigated by smoothed curve fitting. Results This cross-sectional survey had a total of 647 participants aged 60 years and older (mean age: 73 years, female: 53.7%). Participants' higher level of physical activity were associated with higher visual space, attention, language, abstract ability, and delayed recall scores (P < 0.05). Physical activity was not statistically associated with naming and orientation. Physical activity was a protective factor for MCI (P < 0.05). Physical activity was positively correlated with total cognitive function scores. There was a saturation effect between total physical activity and total cognitive function scores, and the saturation point was 6546 MET × min/wk. Conclusion This study showed a saturation effect between physical activity and cognitive function, and determined an optimal level of physical activity to protect cognitive function. This finding will help update physical activity guidelines based on cognitive function in the elderly.
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Parnow A, Hafedh M, Tsunoda I, Patel DI, Baker JS, Saeidi A, Bagchi S, Sengupta P, Dutta S, Łuszczki E, Stolarczyk A, Oleksy Ł, Al Kiyumi MH, Laher I, Zouhal H. Effectiveness of exercise interventions in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1143766. [PMID: 37089595 PMCID: PMC10116993 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1143766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an impaired immune system that severely affects the spinal cord and brain, and which is marked by progressive inflammatory demyelination. Patients with MS may benefit from exercise training as a suggested course of treatment. The most commonly used animal models of studies on MS are experimental autoimmune/allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) models. The present review intends to concisely discuss the interventions using EAE models to understand the effectiveness of exercise as treatment for MS patients and thereby provide clear perspective for future research and MS management. For the present literature review, relevant published articles on EAE animal models that reported the impacts of exercise on MS, were extracted from various databases. Existing literature support the concept that an exercise regimen can reduce the severity of some of the clinical manifestations of EAE, including neurological signs, motor function, pain, and cognitive deficits. Further results demonstrate the mechanisms of EAE suppression with information relating to the immune system, demyelination, regeneration, and exercise in EAE. The role for neurotrophic factors has also been investigated. Analyzing the existing reports, this literature review infers that EAE is a suitable animal model that can help researchers develop further understanding and treatments for MS. Besides, findings from previous animal studies supports the contention that exercise assists in ameliorating MS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolhossein Parnow
- Department of Sport Biological Sciences, Physical Education and Sports Sciences Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- *Correspondence: Abdolhossein Parnow,
| | - Muthanna Hafedh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, General Directorate of Education Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- Department of Sports Activities, College of Adm&Eco/Qurna, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Darpan I. Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sovan Bagchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Sovan Bagchi,
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- School of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chennai, India
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- University of Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, Rennes, France
- Institute International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouër, France
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Exploratory integrated analysis of circulating exosomal miRNA and tissue mRNA related to long-term physical activity for more than 25 years: a bioinformatics study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023. [PMID: 36867245 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity exerts various positive effects on both physical and mental health. Although the comprehensive expression profiles of each microRNA (miRNA) or messenger RNA (mRNA) related to physical activity have already been reported, the association between miRNA and mRNA remains unclear. Here, the integrated study was conducted to comprehensively explore the potential miRNA-mRNA relationships related to long-term physical activity over 25 years. Genome-wide public deposited mRNA expression data of adipose tissue (GSE20536) from six same-sex twin pairs (no information regarding gender) and of skeletal muscle tissue (GSE20319) from ten same-sex twin pairs (four female twin pairs) were used, and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) related to discordant leisure-time physical activity for 30 years were identified using GEO2R. Overlapped mRNAs between DEMs and predicted possible target mRNAs, based on a previous study and TargetScan tool, were then identified and used as long-term physical activity-related mRNAs targeted by miRNAs. In adipose tissue, 36 mRNAs and 42 mRNAs were identified as upregulated or downregulated DEMs, respectively. Based on the results of the overlapped analysis between DEMs and predicted possible target mRNAs targeted by miRNAs, 15 upregulated mRNAs, including NDRG4, FAM13A, ST3GAL6, and AFF1, and 10 downregulated mRNAs, including RPL14, LBP, and GLRX, were identified. In muscle tissue, three downregulated mRNAs overlapped with the predicted target mRNAs targeted by miRNAs. Fifteen upregulated mRNAs in adipose tissue showed a tendency to enrich in "Cardiovascular" in GAD_DISEASE_CLASS category. Potential miRNA-mRNA relationships related to long-term physical activity over 25 years were identified through bioinformatics analysis.
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Psarianos A, Chryssanthopoulos C, Paparrigopoulos T, Philippou A. The Role of Physical Exercise in Opioid Substitution Therapy: Mechanisms of Sequential Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054763. [PMID: 36902190 PMCID: PMC10003472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that chronic opioid use is associated with structural and functional changes in the human brain that lead to an enhancement of impulsive behavior for immediate satisfaction. Interestingly, in recent years, physical exercise interventions have been used as an adjunctive treatment for patients with opioid use disorders (OUDs). Indeed, exercise has positive effects on both the biological and psychosocial basis of addiction, modifying neural circuits such as the reward, inhibition, and stress systems, and thus causing behavioral changes. This review focuses on the possible mechanisms that contribute to the beneficial effects of exercise on the treatment of OUDs, with emphasis placed on the description of a sequential consolidation of these mechanisms. Exercise is thought to act initially as a factor of internal activation and self-regulation and eventually as a factor of commitment. This approach suggests a sequential (temporal) consolidation of the functions of exercise in favor of gradual disengagement from addiction. Particularly, the sequence in which the exercise-induced mechanisms are consolidated follows the pattern of internal activation-self-regulation-commitment, eventually resulting in stimulation of the endocannabinoid and endogenous opioid systems. Additionally, this is accompanied by modification of molecular and behavioral aspects of opioid addiction. Overall, the neurobiological actions of exercise in combination with certain psychological mechanisms appear to promote its beneficial effects. Given the positive effects of exercise on both physical and mental health, exercise prescription is recommended as a complement to conventional therapy for patients on opioid maintenance treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Psarianos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Chryssanthopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Paparrigopoulos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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22
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The Influence of Conventional and Innovative Rehabilitation Methods on Brain Plasticity Induction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051880. [PMID: 36902665 PMCID: PMC10003891 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical rehabilitation and physical activity are known non-pharmacological methods of treating multiple sclerosis. Both lead to an improvement in physical fitness in patients with movement deficits while improving cognitive function and coordination. These changes occur through the induction of brain plasticity. This review presents the basics of the induction of brain plasticity in response to physical rehabilitation. It also analyzes the latest literature evaluating the impact of traditional physical rehabilitation methods, as well as innovative virtual reality-based rehabilitation methods, on the induction of brain plasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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23
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Piccinini A, Bailo P, Barbara G, Miozzo M, Tabano S, Colapietro P, Farè C, Sirchia SM, Battaglioli E, Bertuccio P, Manenti G, Micci L, La Vecchia C, Kustermann A, Gaudi S. Violence against Women and Stress-Related Disorders: Seeking for Associated Epigenetic Signatures, a Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020173. [PMID: 36673541 PMCID: PMC9858929 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against women is a relevant health and social problem with negative consequences on women's health. The interaction between genome and environmental factors, such as violence, represents one of the major challenges in molecular medicine. The Epigenetics for WomEn (EpiWE) project is a multidisciplinary pilot study that intends to investigate the epigenetic signatures associated with intimate partner and sexual violence-induced stress-related disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2020, 62 women exposed to violence (13 women suffering from sexual violence and 49 from Intimate Partner Violence, IPV) and 50 women with no history of violence were recruited at the Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence. All women aged 18-65 were monitored for their physical and psychological conditions. Blood samples were collected, and DNAs were extracted and underwent the epigenetic analysis of 10 stress-related genes. RESULTS PTSD prevalence in victims was assessed at 8.1%. Quantitative methylation evaluation of the ten selected trauma/stress-related genes revealed the differential iper-methylation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine receptor D2 and insulin-like growth factor 2 genes. These genes are among those related to brain plasticity, learning, and memory pathways. CONCLUSIONS The association of early detection of posttraumatic distress and epigenetic marker identification could represent a new avenue for addressing women survivors toward resilience. This innovative approach in gender-based violence studies could identify new molecular pathways associated with the long-term effects of violence and implement innovative protocols of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccinini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)2-5031-5706
| | - Paolo Bailo
- Section of Legal Medicine, School of Law, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giussy Barbara
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Tabano
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Farè
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Maria Sirchia
- Medical Genetics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Battaglioli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Bertuccio
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Manenti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Laila Micci
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Kustermann
- Service for Sexual and Domestic Violence( SVSeD), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudi
- Department of Environment and Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
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24
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Epigenetic regulation of aging: implications for interventions of aging and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:374. [PMID: 36336680 PMCID: PMC9637765 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the decline of organismal functions and a series of prominent hallmarks, including genetic and epigenetic alterations. These aging-associated epigenetic changes include DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, and RNA modification, all of which participate in the regulation of the aging process, and hence contribute to aging-related diseases. Therefore, understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in aging will provide new avenues to develop strategies to delay aging. Indeed, aging interventions based on manipulating epigenetic mechanisms have led to the alleviation of aging or the extension of the lifespan in animal models. Small molecule-based therapies and reprogramming strategies that enable epigenetic rejuvenation have been developed for ameliorating or reversing aging-related conditions. In addition, adopting health-promoting activities, such as caloric restriction, exercise, and calibrating circadian rhythm, has been demonstrated to delay aging. Furthermore, various clinical trials for aging intervention are ongoing, providing more evidence of the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Here, we review recent work on the epigenetic regulation of aging and outline the advances in intervention strategies for aging and age-associated diseases. A better understanding of the critical roles of epigenetics in the aging process will lead to more clinical advances in the prevention of human aging and therapy of aging-related diseases.
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25
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Guinhouya BC, Duclos M, Enea C, Storme L. Beneficial Effects of Maternal Physical Activity during Pregnancy on Fetal, Newborn, and Child Health: Guidelines for Interventions during the Perinatal Period from the French National College of Midwives. J Midwifery Womens Health 2022; 67 Suppl 1:S149-S157. [PMID: 36480665 PMCID: PMC10107927 DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to synthesize current knowledge about the effects of maternal physical activity during pregnancy on children's health. During the prenatal and postnatal periods, maternal physical activity has protective effects against the risks of macrosomia, obesity, and other associated cardiometabolic disorders. Even though longitudinal studies in humans are still necessary to validate them, these effects have been consistently observed in animal studies. A remarkable effect of maternal physical activity is its positive role on neurogenesis, language development, memory, and other cognitive functions related to learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital (CHU), G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France.,INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France.,Clermont University, University of Auvergne, UFR Médecine, BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, France
| | - Carina Enea
- Laboratoire MOVE (EA6314), Université de Poitiers, Faculté des sciences du sport, 8 allée Jean Monnet - TSA 31113 - 96073 Poitiers cedex 9
| | - Laurent Storme
- Univ. Lille, ULR 2694 METRICS, Lille, F-59000, France.,Department of Neonatology, CHU Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
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26
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Wan C, Zong RY, Chen XS. The new mechanism of cognitive decline induced by hypertension: High homocysteine-mediated aberrant DNA methylation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:928701. [PMID: 36352848 PMCID: PMC9637555 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.928701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of hypertension-induced cognitive impairment increase with the prolonging of hypertension. The mechanisms of cognitive impairment induced by hypertension primarily include cerebral blood flow perfusion imbalance, white and gray matter injury with blood–brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta deposition, genetic polymorphisms and variants, and instability of blood pressure. High homocysteine (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for hypertension that also increases the risk of developing early cognitive impairment. Homocysteine (Hcy) levels increase in patients with cognitive impairment induced by hypertension. This review summarizes a new mechanism whereby HHcy-mediated aberrant DNA methylation and exacerbate hypertension. It involves changes in Hcy-dependent DNA methylation products, such as methionine adenosyltransferase, DNA methyltransferases, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). The mechanism also involves DNA methylation changes in the genes of hypertension patients, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, apolipoprotein E4, and estrogen receptor alpha, which contribute to learning, memory, and attention deficits. Studies have shown that methionine (Met) induces hypertension in mice. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation leads to cognitive behavioral changes alongside oligodendroglial and/or myelin deficits in Met-induced mice. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that DNA methylation regulates cognitive dysfunction in patients with hypertension. A better understanding of the function and mechanism underlying the effect of Hcy-dependent DNA methylation on hypertension-induced cognitive impairment will be valuable for early diagnosis, interventions, and prevention of further cognitive defects induced by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wan
- Department of Military Medical Geography, Army Medical Training Base, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui-Yi Zong
- Department of Military Medical Geography, Army Medical Training Base, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- NCO School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing-Shu Chen
- Department of Military Medical Geography, Army Medical Training Base, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Shu Chen,
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27
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Mezheritskiy MI, Dyakonova VE. Direct and Inherited Epigenetic Changes in the Nervous System Caused by Intensive Locomotion: Possible Adaptive Significance. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422050058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This review is devoted to the analysis of works that investigated the long-term effects of species-specific forms of intensive locomotion on the cognitive functions of animals and humans, which can be transmitted to the next generation. To date, the anxiolytic and cognitive-enhancing long-term effects of intensive locomotion have been demonstrated in humans, rodents, fish, insects, mollusks, and nematodes. In rodents, changes in the central nervous system caused by intense locomotion can be transmitted through the maternal and paternal line to the descendants of the first generation. These include reduced anxiety, improved spatial learning and memory, increased levels of brain neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. The shift of the balance of histone acetylation in the hippocampus of rodents towards hyperacetylation, and the balance of DNA methylation towards demethylation manifests itself both as a direct and as a first-generation inherited effect of motor activity. The question about the mechanisms that link locomotion with an increase in the plasticity of a genome in the brain of descendants remains poorly understood, and invertebrate model organisms can be an ideal object for its study. Currently, there is a lack of a theoretical model explaining why motor activity leads to long-term improvement of some cognitive functions that can be transmitted to the next generation and why such an influence could have appeared in evolution. The answer to these questions is not only of fundamental interest, but it is necessary for predicting therapeutic and possible side effects of motor activity in humans. In this regard, the article pays special attention to the review of ideas on the evolutionary aspects of the problem. We propose our own hypothesis, according to which the activating effect of intensive locomotion on the function of the nervous system could have been formed in evolution as a preadaptation to a possible entry into a new environment.
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Schaffner SL, Kobor MS. DNA methylation as a mediator of genetic and environmental influences on Parkinson's disease susceptibility: Impacts of alpha-Synuclein, physical activity, and pesticide exposure on the epigenome. Front Genet 2022; 13:971298. [PMID: 36061205 PMCID: PMC9437223 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.971298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology and increasing prevalence worldwide. As PD is influenced by a combination of genetic and environment/lifestyle factors in approximately 90% of cases, there is increasing interest in identification of the interindividual mechanisms underlying the development of PD as well as actionable lifestyle factors that can influence risk. This narrative review presents an outline of the genetic and environmental factors contributing to PD risk and explores the possible roles of cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation in the etiology and/or as early-stage biomarkers of PD, with an emphasis on epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) of PD conducted over the past decade. Specifically, we focused on variants in the SNCA gene, exposure to pesticides, and physical activity as key contributors to PD risk. Current research indicates that these factors individually impact the epigenome, particularly at the level of CpG methylation. There is also emerging evidence for interaction effects between genetic and environmental contributions to PD risk, possibly acting across multiple omics layers. We speculated that this may be one reason for the poor replicability of the results of EWAS for PD reported to date. Our goal is to provide direction for future epigenetics studies of PD to build upon existing foundations and leverage large datasets, new technologies, and relevant statistical approaches to further elucidate the etiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Schaffner
- Edwin S. H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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29
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Zheng J, Su X, Xu C. Effects of exercise intervention on executive function of middle-aged and elderly people: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:960817. [PMID: 36034137 PMCID: PMC9413534 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.960817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Executive function will gradually decline with the increase of age, which will have a negative impact on the quality of life and general health. Exercise intervention can improve executive function and prevent its deterioration, but the evidence from randomized controlled trials is not consistent. Aim To assess the effect of exercise intervention on executive function of healthy middle-aged and elderly people, and briefly describe its mechanism. Methods A search was conducted using PubMed, Web of science and EBSCO. The searches were limited to English articles published from January 2010 to January 2022. The information is extracted from searched articles included or excluded based on certain criteria. Results The search returned 2,746 records, of which 11 articles were included in the systematic review, and 8 articles were supplemented according to the references included and related reviews. The results show that different types of exercise intervention have positive effects on the executive function of the middle-aged and elderly people. The intervention prescriptions in most studies are executed in medium to low frequency, medium intensity and medium duration, while only 11% of the studies were followed up. Conclusions The intervention, which was executed twice a week with 30-60 min single intervention time and over 12 weeks total duration, showed a good intervention effect. Exercise intervention is to improve executive function by affecting the activation of brain network and the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Su
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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30
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The Role of Neurotrophin Signaling in Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Cognitive Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147726. [PMID: 35887075 PMCID: PMC9320180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of secreted proteins expressed in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system that support neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neurogenesis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor TrkB are highly expressed in the cortical and hippocampal areas and play an essential role in learning and memory. The decline of cognitive function with aging is a major risk factor for cognitive diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, an alteration of BDNF/TrkB signaling with aging and/or pathological conditions has been indicated as a potential mechanism of cognitive decline. In this review, we summarize the cellular function of neurotrophin signaling and review the current evidence indicating a pathological role of neurotrophin signaling, especially of BDNF/TrkB signaling, in the cognitive decline in aging and age-related cognitive diseases. We also review the therapeutic approach for cognitive decline by the upregulation of the endogenous BDNF/TrkB-system.
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31
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Long-term exercise at different intensities can reduce the inflammatory response in the brains of methamphetamine-treated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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32
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Segat HJ, Martini F, Roversi K, Rosa SG, Muller SG, Rossato DR, Nogueira CW, Burger ME. Impact of two different types of exercise training on AMPH addiction: Role of hippocampal neurotrophins. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113804. [PMID: 35398334 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amphetamine (AMPH) abuse results in neurobehavioral alterations related to the reward circuit. The hippocampus plays a role in cognition, reward, and drug addiction. There are no pharmacological approaches to prevent AMPH relapse. Physical exercise has been studied as a non-pharmacological promising influence to attenuate reward symptoms related to addictive drugs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of non-weight-loaded and weight-loaded physical exercise on behavioral (relapse, memory and anxiety) and hippocampal molecular parameters associated with AMPH addiction in Wistar rats. METHODS Male rats were subjected to the AMPH-Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. After 8-conditioning days, they were subjected to swimming physical exercise protocol (without or with weight-load). Behavioral evaluations were performed to assess the influence of both exercise protocols in addiction parameters, including relapse after AMPH reconditioning, working memory, locomotor activity, and anxiety-like symptoms. Subsequently, protein levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF ex-vivo assays were carried out in samples of the hippocampus of the animals. RESULTS AMPH relapse and anxiety-like behaviors were reduced only in rats subjected to non-weight-loaded exercise. Hippocampal BDNF and pro-BDNF immunoreactivity were increased in non-weight-loaded exercise rats. Behavioral and molecular analyses were not modified in rats subjected to weight-loaded exercise. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that non-weight-loaded exercise was more effective against relapse and anxiety-like behavior induced by AMPH. Non-weight-loaded exercise upregulated the hippocampal immunocontent levels in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecson Jesser Segat
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Martini
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Roversi
- Departement de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grendene Muller
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil
| | - Marilise Escobar Burger
- Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica; Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS, Brazil; Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia; UFSM, RS, Brazil
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33
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Li J, Wang Z, Li C, Song Y, Wang Y, Bo H, Zhang Y. Impact of Exercise and Aging on Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle: Roles of ROS and Epigenetics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132086. [PMID: 35805170 PMCID: PMC9266156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging causes degenerative changes such as epigenetic changes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Exercise can upregulate muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and enhance antioxidant capacity and represents an effective treatment to prevent muscle aging. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and microRNA expression are involved in the regulation of exercise-induced adaptive changes in muscle mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in signaling molecules in exercise-induced muscle mitochondrial health benefits, and strong evidence emphasizes that exercise-induced ROS can regulate gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are imported into mitochondria from the cytosol, so mitochondrial homeostasis is regulated by nuclear epigenetic mechanisms. Exercise can reverse aging-induced changes in myokine expression by modulating epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of exercise-generated ROS in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. In addition, the potential epigenetic mechanisms involved in exercise-induced myokine expression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Can Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hai Bo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Military Training Medicines, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; (J.L.); (Z.W.); (C.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.Z.)
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Shobeiri P, Karimi A, Momtazmanesh S, Teixeira AL, Teunissen CE, van Wegen EEH, Hirsch MA, Yekaninejad MS, Rezaei N. Exercise-induced increase in blood-based brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise intervention trials. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264557. [PMID: 35239684 PMCID: PMC8893651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise training may affect the blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but meta-analyses have not yet been performed comparing pre- and post-intervention BDNF concentrations in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objective To perform a meta-analysis to study the influence of exercise on BDNF levels and define components that modulate them across clinical trials of exercise training in adults living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PEDro database, CINAHL) were searched up to June 2021. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, we included 13 articles in the meta-analysis, including 271 subjects. To investigate sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were conducted. We performed the meta-analysis to compare pre- and post-exercise peripheral levels of BDNF in PwMS. Results Post-exercise concentrations of serum BDNF were significantly higher than pre-intervention levels (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD): 0.33, 95% CI: [0.04; 0.61], p-value = 0.02). Meta-regression indicated that the quality of the included studies based on the PEDro assessment tool might be a source of heterogeneity, while no significant effect was found for chronological age and disease severity according to the expanded disability status scale. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis shows that physical activity increases peripheral levels of BDNF in PwMS. More research on the effect of different modes of exercise on BDNF levels in PwMS is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnian Shobeiri
- School of Medicine, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Non–Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antônio L. Teixeira
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin E. H. van Wegen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A. Hirsch
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MSY); (NR)
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MSY); (NR)
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35
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Wang YH, Zhou HH, Luo Q, Cui S. The effect of physical exercise on circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2544. [PMID: 35274832 PMCID: PMC9014996 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how physical exercise (PE) would affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of healthy subjects. METHODS Seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus) were searched for RCTs assessing the effects of PE on serum and/or plasma BDNF until December 18, 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by random-effects method with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were conducted to investigate the potential source of heterogeneity. Trim and fill method, and leave-one-out cross-validation were conducted. RESULTS Eventually, 21 articles, involving 809 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, both acute (5 trials, SMD: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.36 to 2.04, p = .005) and long-term (17 trials, SMD: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.08, p = .001) PE had significant positive effects on BDNF levels. Via subgroup analysis, studies of long-term PE with larger sample sizes, female participants, participants older than 60 years, and aerobic exercise contributed to a more pronounced improvement on BDNF levels than that found when all studies were combined. CONCLUSION Both acute and long-term PE had significant positive effects on circulating BDNF in healthy subjects. This review suggests that acute exercise and long-term aerobic exercise are powerful forms of PE to enhance neurotrophic effect, especially for female subjects or subjects over 60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hai Wang
- Physical Education College, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Pu'er Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pu'er, China
| | - Sidong Cui
- Physical Education College, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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Plaza-Diaz J, Izquierdo D, Torres-Martos Á, Baig AT, Aguilera CM, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ. Impact of Physical Activity and Exercise on the Epigenome in Skeletal Muscle and Effects on Systemic Metabolism. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010126. [PMID: 35052805 PMCID: PMC8773693 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity induces physiological responses in organisms, and adaptations in skeletal muscle, which is beneficial for maintaining health and preventing and/or treating most chronic diseases. These adaptations are mainly instigated by transcriptional responses that ensue in reaction to each individual exercise, either resistance or endurance. Consequently, changes in key metabolic, regulatory, and myogenic genes in skeletal muscle occur as both an early and late response to exercise, and these epigenetic modifications, which are influenced by environmental and genetic factors, trigger those alterations in the transcriptional responses. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the most significant epigenetic changes described in gene transcription, linked to the skeletal muscle transcriptional response to exercise, and mediating the exercise adaptations. Nevertheless, other alterations in the epigenetics markers, such as epitranscriptomics, modifications mediated by miRNAs, and lactylation as a novel epigenetic modification, are emerging as key events for gene transcription. Here, we provide an overview and update of the impact of exercise on epigenetic modifications, including the well-described DNA methylations and histone modifications, and the emerging modifications in the skeletal muscle. In addition, we describe the effects of exercise on epigenetic markers in other metabolic tissues; also, we provide information about how systemic metabolism or its metabolites influence epigenetic modifications in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
| | - David Izquierdo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Torres-Martos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Aiman Tariq Baig
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 85M, Canada
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (D.I.); (C.M.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz, Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.P.-D.); (F.J.R.-O.); Tel.: +34-9-5824-1000 (ext. 20314) (F.J.R.-O.)
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Światowy WJ, Drzewiecka H, Kliber M, Sąsiadek M, Karpiński P, Pławski A, Jagodziński PP. Physical Activity and DNA Methylation in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312989. [PMID: 34884790 PMCID: PMC8657566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is a strong stimulus influencing the overall physiology of the human body. Exercises lead to biochemical changes in various tissues and exert an impact on gene expression. Exercise-induced changes in gene expression may be mediated by epigenetic modifications, which rearrange the chromatin structure and therefore modulate its accessibility for transcription factors. One of such epigenetic mark is DNA methylation that involves an attachment of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of cytosine residue present in CG dinucleotides (CpG). DNA methylation is catalyzed by a family of DNA methyltransferases. This reversible DNA modification results in the recruitment of proteins containing methyl binding domain and further transcriptional co-repressors leading to the silencing of gene expression. The accumulation of CpG dinucleotides, referred as CpG islands, occurs at the promoter regions in a great majority of human genes. Therefore, changes in DNA methylation profile affect the transcription of multiple genes. A growing body of evidence indicates that exercise training modulates DNA methylation in muscles and adipose tissue. Some of these epigenetic markers were associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the influence of physical activity on the DNA methylation status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Józef Światowy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-546-513
| | - Hanna Drzewiecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Michalina Kliber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
| | - Maria Sąsiadek
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Karpiński
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Paweł Piotr Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (H.D.); (M.K.); (P.P.J.)
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38
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Exercise mimetics: harnessing the therapeutic effects of physical activity. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:862-879. [PMID: 34103713 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise mimetics are a proposed class of therapeutics that specifically mimic or enhance the therapeutic effects of exercise. Increased physical activity has demonstrated positive effects in preventing and ameliorating a wide range of diseases, including brain disorders such as Alzheimer disease and dementia, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article discusses the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with the beneficial effects of physical activity, focusing on effects on brain function and cognitive enhancement. Emerging therapeutic targets and strategies for the development of exercise mimetics, particularly in the field of central nervous system disorders, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges, are discussed.
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Piotrkowicz M, Janoska-Jazdzik M, Koweszko T, Szulc A. The Influence of Psychotherapy on Peripheral Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Concentration Levels and Gene Methylation Status: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4424. [PMID: 34640441 PMCID: PMC8509187 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotherapy is a well-established method of treating many mental disorders. It has been proven that psychotherapy leads to structural and functional changes in the brain; however, knowledge about the molecular and cellular mechanisms of these changes is limited. Neuroplasticity and one of its mediators, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are potential research targets in this field. To define the role of BDNF concentration in serum, or in plasma, and BDNF promoter gene methylation in saliva or leucocytes, in psychotherapy, an extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. The literature review was conducted based on papers published up until May 2021 that included pre and post psychotherapy measurements of either BDNF concentration levels or promoter gene methylation status. Ten studies were indicated as eligible for analysis: eight studies that investigated peripheral BDNF concentration levels, one study that investigated methylation status, and one study that included an evaluation of both subject matters. Patients underwent cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy. Patients were diagnosed with borderline personality disorder, major depressive disorder, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or post-traumatic stress disorder. There were only three of the nine studies that showed statistically significant increases in BDNF concentration levels after psychotherapy. The two studies that involved BDNF gene methylation status showed a decrease in methylation after dialectical behavioral therapy of borderline patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Piotrkowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Partyzantow 2/4, 05-802 Pruszkow, Poland; (M.J.-J.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
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Lee YJ, Lin HT, Chaudhary MA, Lee YC, Wang DC. Effects of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure and Childhood Exercise on Maternal Behaviors in Female Rats at Postpartum: A Role of Oxtr Methylation in the Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9847. [PMID: 34576011 PMCID: PMC8465903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the detrimental effect of prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) and the beneficial effects of physical exercise on brain functions have been reported. The oxytocin pathway has been implicated in the onset of maternal behaviors. Epigenetic modification of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) through DNA methylation has been associated with the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prenatal DEHP exposure on oxytocin-regulated maternal behaviors and to examine the protective effect of exercise. Pregnant rats (F0) were fed with vehicle or DEHP during gestation and the offspring females (F1) were assessed for their maternal behaviors by pup retrieval test at postpartum. The results showed that reduced pup retrieval activities without significant alteration of stress responses were observed in the prenatally DEHP-exposed females. Prenatal DEHP exposure decreased the expressions of oxytocin, Oxtr mRNA, and oxytocin receptor, and increased Oxtr methylation in the hypothalamus of postpartum female rats. There were no significant effects of exercise on behavioral, biochemical, and epigenetic measurements. These results suggest that prenatal DEHP exposure has a long-term adverse effect on maternal behaviors; Oxtr hyper-methylation may be a potential epigenetic mechanism for this alteration, which cannot be prevented by physical exercise during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (H.-T.L.)
| | - Hwai-Ting Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (H.-T.L.)
- Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Muhammad Asad Chaudhary
- Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Department of Food and Beverage Services, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 710302, Taiwan;
| | - Dean-Chuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (H.-T.L.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Consorti A, Di Marco I, Sansevero G. Physical Exercise Modulates Brain Physiology Through a Network of Long- and Short-Range Cellular Interactions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:710303. [PMID: 34489641 PMCID: PMC8417110 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.710303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the effects of sedentary lifestyles have emerged as a critical aspect of modern society. Interestingly, recent evidence demonstrated that physical exercise plays an important role not only in maintaining peripheral health but also in the regulation of central nervous system function. Many studies have shown that physical exercise promotes the release of molecules, involved in neuronal survival, differentiation, plasticity and neurogenesis, from several peripheral organs. Thus, aerobic exercise has emerged as an intriguing tool that, on one hand, could serve as a therapeutic protocol for diseases of the nervous system, and on the other hand, could help to unravel potential molecular targets for pharmacological approaches. In the present review, we will summarize the cellular interactions that mediate the effects of physical exercise on brain health, starting from the factors released in myocytes during muscle contraction to the cellular pathways that regulate higher cognitive functions, in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Consorti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Xu M, Zhu J, Liu XD, Luo MY, Xu NJ. Roles of physical exercise in neurodegeneration: reversal of epigenetic clock. Transl Neurodegener 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34389067 PMCID: PMC8361623 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-021-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic clock is defined by the DNA methylation (DNAm) level and has been extensively applied to distinguish biological age from chronological age. Aging-related neurodegeneration is associated with epigenetic alteration, which determines the status of diseases. In recent years, extensive research has shown that physical exercise (PE) can affect the DNAm level, implying a reversal of the epigenetic clock in neurodegeneration. PE also regulates brain plasticity, neuroinflammation, and molecular signaling cascades associated with epigenetics. This review summarizes the effects of PE on neurodegenerative diseases via both general and disease-specific DNAm mechanisms, and discusses epigenetic modifications that alleviate the pathological symptoms of these diseases. This may lead to probing of the underpinnings of neurodegenerative disorders and provide valuable therapeutic references for cognitive and motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - JiaYi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xian-Dong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ming-Ying Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Nan-Jie Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Tomiga Y, Sakai K, Ra SG, Kusano M, Ito A, Uehara Y, Takahashi H, Kawanaka K, Soejima H, Higaki Y. Short-term running exercise alters DNA methylation patterns in neuronal nitric oxide synthase and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in the mouse hippocampus and reduces anxiety-like behaviors. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21767. [PMID: 34325488 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100630r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Running exercise has beneficial effects on brain health. However, the effects of relatively short-term running exercise (STEx) on behavior, and its underlying signaling pathways, are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that the regulation by STEx of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, encoded by NOS1), which are important molecules for anxiety regulation, might involve mechanisms of epigenetic modification, such as DNA methylation. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into sedentary (SED, n = 12) and STEx (EX, n = 15) groups; STEx was conducted with the mice for a duration of 11 days. STEx reduced anxiety-like behaviors, and STEx reduced Nos1α and increased Bdnf exon I and IV mRNA levels in the hippocampus. Interestingly, behavioral parameters were associated with Bdnf exon I and IV and Nos1α mRNA levels in the ventral, but not dorsal, hippocampal region. However, STEx had no effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (Pgc-1α) or fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5) mRNA levels, which are relatively long-term exercise-induced upstream regulators of BDNF. In parallel with gene expression changes, we found, for the first time, that STEx downregulated Bdnf promoter IV and upregulated Nos1 DNA methylation levels in the hippocampus, and these patterns were partially different between the dorsal and ventral regions. These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of running exercise on mood regulation may be controlled by alterations in epigenetic mechanisms, especially in the ventral hippocampus. These effects occur even after a relatively short-term period of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tomiga
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sakai
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Song-Gyu Ra
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Kusano
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ai Ito
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Soejima
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- The Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Huang H, Li W, Qin Z, Shen H, Li X, Wang W. Physical exercise increases peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factors in patients with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:159-171. [PMID: 33998558 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction. Its specific mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have indicated that elevating or peripherally overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) improve cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether physical exercise improves cognitive performance in patients with cognitive dysfunction, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), by increasing peripheral BDNF. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020 for studies that assayed the changes in peripheral BDNF levels in MCI and AD patients after exercise training. RESULTS Peripheral BDNF levels were significantly elevated after a single exercise session (SMD = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.150-0.787, P = 0.004) or regular exercise interventions (SMD = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.105-0.731, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that only regular aerobic exercise interventions (SMD = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.038-1.049, P = 0.035) and intervention duration of 16 weeks or greater (SMD = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.154 -0.733, P = 0.003) significantly increased peripheral BDNF levels. Only plasma BDNF levels (SMD = 0.365, 95% CI:0.066-0.664, P = 0.017) were significantly increased after exercise interventions. CONCLUSIONS Acute and chronic physical exercises may improve cognitive impairment by increasing peripheral BDNF levels. Aerobic exercises and a longer duration of exercising increased BDNF levels. These findings also suggest that BDNF may be a suitable biomarker for evaluating the effect of exercise in patients with cognitive impairment, such as AD or MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Qin
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Care, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Cavalcante BRR, Improta-Caria AC, Melo VHD, De Sousa RAL. Exercise-linked consequences on epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:108079. [PMID: 34058490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy is a brain disorder that leads to seizures and neurobiological, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences. Physical inactivity can contribute to worse epilepsy pathophysiology. Here, we review how physical exercise affects epilepsy physiopathology. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed and the mechanisms of physical exercise on epilepsy were discussed. The search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed. Articles with relevant information were included. Only studies written in English were considered. RESULTS The regular practice of physical exercise can be beneficial for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases, such as epilepsy by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory and stress biomarkers, increasing socialization, and reducing the incidence of epileptic seizures. Physical exercise is also capable of reducing the symptoms of depression and anxiety in epilepsy. Physical exercise can also improve cognitive function in epilepsy. The regular practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of brain-derived neuro factor (BDNF) in the hippocampi, induces neurogenesis, inhibits oxidative stress and reactive gliosis, avoids cognitive impairment, and stimulates the production of dopamine in the epileptic brain. CONCLUSION Physical exercise is an excellent non-pharmacological tool that can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Cleber Improta-Caria
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Augusto Leoni De Sousa
- Physiological Science Multicentric Program, Federal University of Valleyś Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Neuroscience and Exercise Study Group (Grupo de Estudos em Neurociências e Exercício - GENE), UFVJM, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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46
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Machado OAS, Diniz VLS, Passos MEP, de Oliveira HH, Santos-Oliveira LC, Alecrim AL, Bertola Lobato T, Manoel R, Correa I, Silva EB, de Oliveira Poma S, Mendes de Almeida M, Pithon-Curi TC, Diniz S, Levada-Pires AC, Curi R, Masi LN, Hirabara SM, Gorjão R. Physical exercise increases global and gene-specific (interleukin-17 and interferon-γ) DNA methylation in lymphocytes from aged women. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1878-1885. [PMID: 34229361 DOI: 10.1113/ep089673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is lymphocyte DNA methylation differentially modulated by resistance training and aerobic exercise in older women? What is the main finding and its importance? The practice of resistance training led to an increased global DNA methylation in lymphocytes. The exercise-induced increase of inflammatory genes methylation may be associated with immune function impairment during ageing. ABSTRACT Ageing-induced increase in inflammatory gene expression through a reduction in DNA methylation might contribute to chronic diseases. Regular physical exercise practices, in turn, are associated with a decrease in the incidence of inflammatory diseases. We herein evaluated the effects of three exercise modalities on lymphocyte global and gene-specific (interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17A (IL-17A) DNA methylation in aged women (68 ± 7.5 years). This cross-sectional study included 86 women, divided into four groups according to the physical exercise practice: 20 were practicing resistance training (RT); 24 were practicing water aerobics exercise (W); 22 were practicing water aerobics and resistance exercise (RWT), and 20 did not practice any physical exercise (CON). We evaluated volunteer functional capability using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, global lymphocyte DNA methylation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, IFN-γ and IL-17A methylation by qPCR and CD4+ IFN-γ+ and CD4+ IL-17+ cell percentage by flow cytometry. The three physically exercised groups performed functional capability tests in a shorter period and showed a higher global lymphocyte DNA methylation and methylated CpGs of IL-17A and IFN-γ promoter regions than the control group. The practice of resistance training (RT and RWT groups) lead to high global DNA methylation. The combination of resistance training and aerobic exercise led to the increase of lymphocyte IL-17A and IFN-γ gene methylation induced by each separately. However, the percentage of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ cells was lower only in the RT group. The exercise-induced increase of inflammatory-gene methylation may be associated with gene expression changes and immune function impairment during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio A S Machado
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Physiology and Metabolism Study Center, Physical Education Faculty of Sorocaba YMCA, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Vinicius L S Diniz
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E P Passos
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa H de Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laiane C Santos-Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Alecrim
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richelieau Manoel
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilana Correa
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Silva
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah de Oliveira Poma
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Mendes de Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania C Pithon-Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana C Levada-Pires
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laureane Nunes Masi
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro M Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences department, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Bellver-Sanchis A, Pallàs M, Griñán-Ferré C. The Contribution of Epigenetic Inheritance Processes on Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5020015. [PMID: 34968302 PMCID: PMC8594669 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, epigenetic processes have emerged as important factors for many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These complex diseases seem to have a heritable component; however, genome-wide association studies failed to identify the genetic loci involved in the etiology. So, how can these changes be transmitted from one generation to the next? Answering this question would allow us to understand how the environment can affect human populations for multiple generations and explain the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. This review pays particular attention to the relationship among epigenetics, cognition, and neurodegeneration across generations, deepening the understanding of the relevance of heritability in neurodegenerative diseases. We highlight some recent examples of EI induced by experiences, focusing on their contribution of processes in learning and memory to point out new targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we first describe the prominent role of epigenetic factors in memory processing. Then, we briefly discuss aspects of EI. Additionally, we summarize evidence of how epigenetic marks inherited by experience and/or environmental stimuli contribute to cognitive status offspring since better knowledge of EI can provide clues in the appearance and development of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Fragoso J, Carvalho Jurema Santos G, da Silva HT, Loizon E, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V, Vidal H, Guedes RCA, Costa-Silva JH, da Silva Aragão R, Pirola L, Leandro CG. Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:505-512. [PMID: 32799949 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction and physical activity can affect the interaction mother-placenta-fetus. This study quantified the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurothrophin 4, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB/NTRK2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1r) in the different areas of mother's brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex), placenta, and fetus' brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 20) were housed in cages containing a running wheel for 4 weeks before gestation. According to the distance spontaneously traveled daily, rats were classified as inactive or active. During gestation, on continued access to the running wheel, active and inactive groups were randomized to receive normoprotein diet (18% protein) or a low-protein (LP) diet (8% protein). At day 20 of gestation, gene expression of neurotrophic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in different brain areas and the placenta. Dams submitted to a LP diet during gestation showed upregulation of IGF-1r and BDNF messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1 and IGF-1r in the cortex. In the placenta, there was a downregulation of IGF-1. In the brain of pups from mothers on LP diet, IGF-1r and NTRK2 were downregulated. Voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on IGF-1r in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, IGF-1 in the placenta, and NTRK2 in the fetus' brain. In conclusion, both maternal protein restriction and spontaneous physical activity influence the gene expression of BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1, and IGF-1r, with spontaneous physical activity being able to normalize in part the defects caused by protein restriction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fragoso
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
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Miller KM, Mercado NM, Sortwell CE. Synucleinopathy-associated pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease and the potential for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 33846345 PMCID: PMC8041900 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is in part due to an incomplete understanding of the disease’s etiology. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has become a point of focus in PD due to its connection to both familial and idiopathic cases—specifically its localization to Lewy bodies (LBs), a pathological hallmark of PD. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking synuclein-associated Lewy pathology with intracellular dysfunction. We first present the alterations in neuronal proteins and transcriptome associated with LBs in postmortem human PD tissue. We next compare these findings to those associated with LB-like inclusions initiated by in vitro exposure to α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and highlight the profound and relatively unique reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this model. Finally, we discuss the multitude of ways in which BDNF offers the potential to exert disease-modifying effects on the basal ganglia. What remains unknown is the potential for BDNF to mitigate inclusion-associated dysfunction within the context of synucleinopathy. Collectively, this review reiterates the merit of using the PFF model as a tool to understand the physiological changes associated with LBs, while highlighting the neuroprotective potential of harnessing endogenous BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Natosha M Mercado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. .,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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50
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Kumar R, Kumar KJ, Benegal V, Roopesh BN, Ravi GS. Effects of an integrated intervention program for alcoholism (IIPA) on learning, memory and quality of life (QOL) in persons with alcohol dependence at the Centre for Addiction Medicine, Bengaluru, India. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-03-2020-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of an integrated intervention program for alcoholism (IIPA) for improving verbal encoding and memory, visuospatial construction, visual memory and quality of life (QoL) in persons with alcohol dependence.Design/methodology/approachThe sample comprised treatment-seeking alcohol-dependent persons (n = 50), allotted into two groups: (1) the treatment as usual (TAU) group (n = 25) and (2) the treatment group (n = 25)]. The groups were matched on age (±1 year) and education (±1 year). The TAU group received standard pharmacological treatment, psychotherapeutic sessions on relapse prevention and yoga for 18 days, while the treatment group received IIPA sessions in addition to the usual treatment. Auditory verbal learning test, complex figure test and QoL scale were administered at pre- and post-treatment along with screening measures.FindingsThe two groups were comparable on demographic variables, clinical characteristics and outcome measures at baseline. Pre- to post-treatment changes (gain scores) comparison between the treatment and TAU groups revealed a significant difference in verbal encoding, verbal and visual memory, verbal recognition, visuospatial construction and QoL.Research limitations/implicationsThis study suggests that IIPA is effective for improving learning and memory in both modality (verbal and visual) and QoL in persons with alcoholism. The IIPA may help in better treatment recovery.Practical implicationsThe IIPA may help in treatment for alcoholism and may enhance treatment efficacy.Originality/valueIIPA is effective for improving learning and memory in both modalities and QoL in persons with alcohol dependence. The IIPA may help in better treatment recovery.
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