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Thacharodi A, Hassan S, Ahmed ZHT, Singh P, Maqbool M, Meenatchi R, Pugazhendhi A, Sharma A. The ruminant gut microbiome vs enteric methane emission: The essential microbes may help to mitigate the global methane crisis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119661. [PMID: 39043353 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Ruminants release enteric methane into the atmosphere, significantly increasing greenhouse gas emissions and degrading the environment. A common focus of traditional mitigation efforts is on dietary management and manipulation, which may have limits in sustainability and efficacy, exploring the potential of essential microorganisms as a novel way to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants; a topic that has garnered increased attention in recent years. Fermentation and feed digestion are significantly aided by essential microbes found in the rumen, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. The practical implications of the findings reported in various studies conducted on rumen gut concerning methane emissions may pave the way to understanding the mechanisms of CH4 production in the rumen to enhance cattle feed efficiency and mitigate CH4 emissions from livestock. This review discussed using essential bacteria to reduce intestinal methane emissions in ruminants. It investigates how particular microbial strains or consortia can alter rumen fermentation pathways to lower methane output while preserving the health and productivity of animals. We also describe the role of probiotics and prebiotics in managing methane emissions using microbial feed additives. Further, recent studies involving microbial interventions have been discussed. The use of new methods involving functional metagenomics and meta-transcriptomics for exploring the rumen microbiome structure has been highlighted. This review also emphasizes the challenges faced in altering the gut microbiome and future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Dr. Thacharodi's Laboratories, Department of Research and Development, Puducherry, 605005, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India; Future Leaders Mentoring Fellow, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, 20036, USA
| | - Z H Tawfeeq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600119, India
| | - Mohsin Maqbool
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centre of Bioengineering, NatProLab, AgroInnovationLab, School of Engineering and Sciences, Queretaro, 76130, Mexico.
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2
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Boven L, Akkerman R, de Vos P. Sustainable diets with plant-based proteins require considerations for prevention of proteolytic fermentation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38950600 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2352523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The human diet requires a more plant-based approach due to the exhaustive effects animal-based foods have on the environment. However, plant-based proteins generally miss a few or have a lower variety in essential amino acids and are more difficult to digest. Subsequently they might be prone to fermentation by the microbiome in the proximal colon. Proteolytic fermentation can induce microbial-metabolites with beneficial and negative health effects. We review current insight into how balances in saccharolytic and proteolytic fermentation can be maintained when the diet consists predominantly of plant-based proteins. Some proteolytic fermentation metabolites may negatively impact balances in gut microbiota composition in the large intestine and influence immunity. However, proteolytic fermentation can potentially be prevented in the proximal colon toward more saccharolytic fermentation through the addition of non-digestible carbohydrates in the diet. Knowledge on this combination of plant-based proteins and non-digestible carbohydrates on colonic- and general health is limited. Current data suggest that transitioning toward a more plant-based protein diet should be accompanied with a consumption of increased quantities and more complex structures of carbohydrates or by application of technological strategies to enhances digestibility. This can reduce or prevent proteolytic fermentation which might consequently improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidwien Boven
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Ouyang Q, Li X, Liang Y, Liu R. Sea Buckthorn Polysaccharide Ameliorates Colitis. Nutrients 2024; 16:1280. [PMID: 38732527 PMCID: PMC11085905 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal inner lining, resulting in various symptoms. Sea buckthorn berries contain a bioactive compound known as sea buckthorn polysaccharide (SBP). However, the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of SBP on UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of pretreatment with SBP on colitis induced by DSS. Our findings demonstrate that SBP pretreatment effectively reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier damage associated with colitis. To further elucidate the role of SBP-modulated gut microbiota in UC, we performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on DSS-treated mice. The microbiota from SBP-treated mice exhibits notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improves colonic barrier integrity, and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria, as well as enhancing SCFA production. Collectively, these results strongly indicate that SBP-mediated amelioration of colitis is attributed to its impact on the gut microbiota, particularly through the promotion of SCFA-producing bacteria and subsequent elevation of SCFA levels. This study provides compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of pre-emptive SBP supplementation in alleviating colitis symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, thereby offering novel insights into the potential of SBP as a regulator of the gut microbiota for colitis relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China; (Q.O.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yongheng Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China; (Q.O.)
| | - Rong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210000, China
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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4
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van Trijp MPH, Rios-Morales M, Witteman B, Abegaz F, Gerding A, An R, Koehorst M, Evers B, van Dongen KCV, Zoetendal EG, Schols H, Afman LA, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM, Hooiveld GJ. Intraintestinal fermentation of fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides and the fate of short-chain fatty acids in humans. iScience 2024; 27:109208. [PMID: 38420581 PMCID: PMC10901090 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructo- (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) has health benefits which have been linked in part to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production by the gut microbiota. However, detailed knowledge of this process in the human intestine is lacking. We aimed to determine the acute fermentation kinetics of a FOS:GOS mixture in healthy males using a naso-intestinal catheter for sampling directly in the ileum or colon. We studied the fate of SCFA as substrates for glucose and lipid metabolism by the host after infusion of 13C-SCFA. In the human distal ileum, no fermentation of FOS:GOS, nor SCFA production, or bacterial cross-feeding was observed. The relative composition of intestinal microbiota changed rapidly during the test day, which demonstrates the relevance of postprandial intestinal sampling to track acute responses of the microbial community toward interventions. SCFA were vividly taken up and metabolized by the host as shown by incorporation of 13C in various host metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara P H van Trijp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Witteman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
- Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ede 6716 RP, the Netherlands
| | - Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Katja C V van Dongen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
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Yuan XY, Chen YS, Liu Z. Relationship among Parkinson's disease, constipation, microbes, and microbiological therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:225-237. [PMID: 38314132 PMCID: PMC10835526 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i3.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review elucidates the complex interplay between gut microbiota and constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent non-motor symptom contributing significantly to patients' morbidity. A marked alteration in the gut microbiota, predominantly an increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, is observed in PD-related constipation. Conventional treatments, although safe, have failed to effectively alleviate symptoms, thereby necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Microbiological interventions such as prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) hold therapeutic potential. While prebiotics improve bowel movements, probiotics are effective in enhancing stool consistency and alleviating abdominal discomfort. FMT shows potential for significantly alleviating constipation symptoms by restoring gut microbiota balance in patients with PD. Despite promising developments, the causal relationship between changes in gut microbiota and PD-related constipation remains elusive, highlighting the need for further research in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Sen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong Province, China
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Díaz R, Garrido D. Screening competition and cross-feeding interactions during utilization of human milk oligosaccharides by gut microbes. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:12. [PMID: 38455082 PMCID: PMC10917614 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Background: The infant gut microbiome is a complex community that influences short- and long-term health. Its assembly and composition are governed by variables such as the feeding type. Breast milk provides infants an important supply of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), a broad family of carbohydrates comprising neutral, fucosylated, and sialylated molecules. There is a positive association between HMOs and the overrepresentation of Bifidobacterium species in the infant gut, which is sustained by multiple molecular determinants present in the genomes of these species. Infant-gut-associated Bifidobacterium species usually share a similar niche and display similar HMO inclinations, suggesting they compete for these resources. There is also strong evidence of cross-feeding interactions between HMO-derived molecules and bifidobacteria. Methods: In this study, we screened for unidirectional and bidirectional interactions between Bifidobacterium and other species using individual HMO. Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron increased the growth of several other species when their supernatants were used, probably mediated by the partial degradation of HMO. In contrast, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis. supernatants did not exhibit positive growth. Results: Bifidobacterium species compete for lacto-N-tetraose, which is associated with reduced bidirectional growth. The outcome of these interactions was HMO-dependent, in which the two species could compete for one substrate but cross-feed on another. 2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose are associated with several positive interactions that generally originate from the partial degradation of these HMOs. Conclusion: This study presents evidence for complex interactions during HMO utilization, which can be cooperative or competitive, depending on the nature of the HMO. This information could be useful for understanding how breast milk supports the growth of some Bifidobacterium species, shaping the ecology of this important microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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7
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Sarmikasoglou E, Sumadong P, Roesch LF, Halima S, Hikita C, Watanabe T, Faciola A. Effects of monensin and cashew nut-shell extract on bacterial community composition in a dual-flow continuous culture system. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 8:txad148. [PMID: 38221956 PMCID: PMC10787353 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including monensin and two doses of CNSE in a high producing dairy cow diet on ruminal bacterial communities. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. A basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a cow producing 45 kg of milk per d (17% crude protein and 27% starch). There were four experimental treatments: the basal diet without any feed additive (CON), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 100 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE100), and 200 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE200). Samples were collected from the fluid and solid effluents at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding; a composite of all time points was made for each fermenter within their respective fractions. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatment responses for bacterial community structure were analyzed with the PERMANOVA test run with the R Vegan package. Treatment responses for correlations were analyzed with the CORR procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. We observed that the relative abundance of Sharpea (P < 0.01), Mailhella (P = 0.05), Ruminococcus (P = 0.03), Eubacterium (P = 0.01), and Coprococcus (P < 0.01) from the liquid fraction and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P = 0.03) and Catonella (P = 0.02) from the solid fraction decreased, while the relative abundance of Syntrophococcus (P = 0.02) increased in response to MON when compared to CNSE treatments. Our results demonstrate that CNSE and monensin have similar effects on the major ruminal bacterial genera, while some differences were observed in some minor genera. Overall, the tested additives would affect the ruminal fermentation in a similar pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
| | - Phussorn Sumadong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Luiz Fernando Roesch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603 FL, USA
| | - Sultana Halima
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
| | - Chie Hikita
- Product Development Department, SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Tomonori Watanabe
- Product Development Department, SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
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Keitel L, Braun K, Finger M, Kosfeld U, Yordanov S, Büchs J. Carbon dioxide and trace oxygen concentrations impact growth and product formation of the gut bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:391. [PMID: 38062358 PMCID: PMC10701953 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promising yet barely investigated anaerobic species Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus) plays a vital role for human gut health and effectively produces organic acids. Among them is succinate, a building block for high-value-added chemicals. Cultivating anaerobic bacteria is challenging, and a detailed understanding of P. vulgatus growth and metabolism is required to improve succinate production. One significant aspect is the influence of different gas concentrations. CO2 is required for the growth of P. vulgatus. However, it is a greenhouse gas that should not be wasted. Another highly interesting aspect is the sensitivity of P. vulgatus towards O2. In this work, the effects of varying concentrations of both gases were studied in the in-house developed Respiratory Activity MOnitoring System (RAMOS), which provides online monitoring of CO2, O2, and pressure under gassed conditions. The RAMOS was combined with a gas mixing system to test CO2 and O2 concentrations in a range of 0.25-15.0 vol% and 0.0-2.5 vol%, respectively. RESULTS Changing the CO2 concentration in the gas supply revealed a CO2 optimum of 3.0 vol% for total organic acid production and 15.0 vol% for succinate production. It was demonstrated that the organic acid composition changed depending on the CO2 concentration. Furthermore, unrestricted growth of P. vulgatus up to an O2 concentration of 0.7 vol% in the gas supply was proven. The viability decreased rapidly at concentrations larger than or equal to 1.3 vol% O2. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that P. vulgatus requires little CO2, has a distinct O2 tolerance and is therefore well suited for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Keitel
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Braun
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maurice Finger
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Udo Kosfeld
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stanislav Yordanov
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- Chair of Biochemical Engineering (AVT.BioVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Wang L, Wang J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhao T, Luo W, Liang T, Yang Z. Traditional herbs: mechanisms to combat cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:14473-14505. [PMID: 38054830 PMCID: PMC10756111 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a very important role in the ageing of organisms and age-related diseases that increase with age, a process that involves physiological, structural, biochemical and molecular changes in cells. In recent years, it has been found that the active ingredients of herbs and their natural products can prevent and control cellular senescence by affecting telomerase activity, oxidative stress response, autophagy, mitochondrial disorders, DNA damage, inflammatory response, metabolism, intestinal flora, and other factors. In this paper, we review the research information on the prevention and control of cellular senescence in Chinese herbal medicine through computer searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and CNKI databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Weisheng Luo
- Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530222, China
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Colonetti T, Limas Carmo Teixeira D, Grande AJ, Rodrigues Uggioni ML, Generoso J, Harding S, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Rech P, Rosa Silva F, Toreti I, Ceretta L, Rosa MI. The role of intestinal microbiota on pre-eclampsia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 291:49-58. [PMID: 37826991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate differences between gut microbiota diversity and composition of healthy pregnant women and women with pre-eclampsia (PE). METHODS AND RESULTS This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, in which the terms "pre-eclampsia", "gastrointestinal microbiome" and "pregnant women" were used to search MEDLINE (PubMed), BVS (LILACS and others), Embase (Elsevier) and Cochrane Library, including observational studies and case-control that investigated changes in the gut microbiota during pregnancy. Six studies were included, with 479 pregnant women. A significantly lower gut microbiota alpha diversity measured as the Shannon index was found in pregnant women with PE in comparison with healthy controls (SMD: -0.47; 95 %IC: -0.77 to -0.18; P = 0.02; I2 = 0 %; three studies, 179 participants), while no significant differences were found in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, despite significant differences reported in the individual studies. CONCLUSION Pregnant women with PE have lower gut microbiome diversity, however, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether there are changes in gut microbiota composition. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The gut microbiota can be a new treatment target to try to prevent changes in maternal bacterial proportions, aiming to reduce complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamy Colonetti
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Diandra Limas Carmo Teixeira
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Health, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Rodrigues Uggioni
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Seeromanie Harding
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH London, UK
| | - Peterson Rech
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rosa Silva
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Indianara Toreti
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ceretta
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Rosa
- Translational Biomedicine Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Chouraddi R, Kumar S, Kumar B, Bhatia M, Varada VV, Tyagi N, Mallapa RH. Techno-functional characterization of fecal lactobacilli isolates of Bos indicus calves for probiotic properties. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1285-1302. [PMID: 36749534 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 105 bacterial colonies were isolated from the feces of newborn healthy Bos indicus calves and 37 isolates were confirmed using morphological, biochemical tests, and genus-specific PCR as lactobacilli. 11 isolates were then short-listed for in vitro probiotic testing based on their ability to dwell under acid and bile stress. Species-level identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that they were Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates flourished in 0.4% phenol, depicting resistance in adverse conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. The results of cell surface hydrophobicity were found to be 74.50% for RBL12 and 62.62% for RBL09 in hexadecane and xylene, respectively, and that of auto-aggregation was highest in RBL26 (58.92%). These isolates also produced digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and β-galactosidase. Further assays reiterated their antimicrobial and coaggregation potential against diarrhea-causing pathogens like Escherichia coli ATCC-25922 and Salmonella arizonae ATCC-13314. Biosafety assessment revealed that none of the tested isolates were hemolytic and mucinolytic in nature. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the isolates was also confirmed using 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Along with efficient utilization of inulin, isolates showed promising adhesion ability to the HT-29 cell line. The current findings hence conclude that these Lactobacillus isolates can be exploited as animal probiotics for potential application in young calves to foster gut health and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Chouraddi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manika Bhatia
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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12
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Hsieh JC, Chuang ST, Hsu YT, Ho ST, Li KY, Chou SH, Chen MJ. In vitro ruminal fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal transplantations verify the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers: potential to promote health in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1228086. [PMID: 37662996 PMCID: PMC10469932 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1228086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are differences in the gut microbiome and metabolome when the host undergoes different physical or pathological conditions. However, the inter-relationship of microbiome and metabolome biomarkers to potentially promote the health of dairy cows needs to be studied. Further, the development of next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle health promotion has not been demonstrated. Objective In the present study, we identified the microbiome and metabolome biomarkers associated with healthy cows. Methods We analyzed the relationships of the ruminal microorganism profile and metabolites between healthy and mastitis lactating dairy cows. The roles of bacterial biomarker were further verified by in vitro fermentation and cow-to-mouse fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Results Two species, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum, and six rumen metabolites were positively correlated with healthy cows by Spearman's correlation analysis. Through in vitro ruminal fermentation, inoculating R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum showed the upregulation of the levels of putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal in the mastitis ruminal fluid, which confirmed the inter-relationships between these microbiota and metabolites associated with healthy cows. Further, we verified the role of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum in promoting health by FMT. The administration of R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum reduced the death rate and recovered the bodyweight loss of germ-free mice caused by FMT mastitis feces. Discussion We provided evidence that the bacterial biomarkers alter downstream metabolites. This could indirectly indicate that the two bacterial biomarkers have the potential to be used as next-generation probiotics for dairy cattle, although it needs more evidence to support our hypothesis. Two species, R. flavefaciens and B. longum subsp. longum, with three metabolites, putrescine, xanthurenic acid, and pyridoxal, identified in the ruminal fluid, may point to a new health-promoting and disease-preventing approach for dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Te Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Tse Ho
- Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yi Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsuan Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Biotools Co. Ltd., New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Kadowaki R, Tanno H, Maeno S, Endo A. Spore-forming properties and enhanced oxygen tolerance of butyrate-producing Anaerostipes spp. Anaerobe 2023; 82:102752. [PMID: 37301503 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Butyrate producing bacteria are promising candidates for next-generation probiotics. However, they are extremely sensitive to oxygen, which is a significant obstacle to their inclusion in food matrices in a viable form. The present study characterized the spore-forming properties and stress tolerance of human gut butyrate-producing Anaerostipes spp. METHODS Spore formation properties in six species of Anaerostipes spp. were studied by in vitro and in silico tests. RESULTS Spores were observed from the cells of three species using microscopic analyses, while the remaining three did not form spores under the tested conditions. Spore-forming properties were confirmed by an ethanol treatment. The spores of Anaerostipes caccae were tolerant to oxygen and survived for 15 weeks under atmospheric conditions. Spores tolerated heat stress at 70 °C, but not at 80 °C. An in silico analysis of the conservation of potential sporulation signature genes revealed that the majority of human gut butyrate-producing bacteria were classified as potential spore formers. Comparative genomics revealed that three spore-forming Anaerostipes spp. specifically possessed the spore formation-related genes of bkdR, sodA, and splB, which may be key genes for different sporulation properties in Anaerostipes spp. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the enhanced stress tolerance of butyrate producing Anaerostipes spp. for future probiotic application. Presence of specific gene(s) are possibly keys for sporulation in Anaerostipes spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Kadowaki
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanno
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maeno
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 156-8502, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192936. [PMID: 37545496 PMCID: PMC10401430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic undernutrition is a major cause of death for children under five, leaving survivors at risk for adverse long-term consequences. This review focuses on the role of nutrients in normal intestinal development and function, from the intestinal epithelium, to the closely-associated mucosal immune system and intestinal microbiota. We examine what is known about the impacts of undernutrition on intestinal physiology, with focus again on the same systems. We provide a discussion of existing animal models of undernutrition, and review the evidence demonstrating that correcting undernutrition alone does not fully ameliorate effects on intestinal function, the microbiome, or growth. We review efforts to treat undernutrition that incorporate data indicating that improved recovery is possible with interventions focused not only on delivery of sufficient energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients, but also on efforts to correct the abnormal intestinal microbiome that is a consequence of undernutrition. Understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiome in the undernourished state and correction of the phenotype is both complex and a subject that holds great potential to improve recovery. We conclude with critical unanswered questions in the field, including the need for greater mechanistic research, improved models for the impacts of undernourishment, and new interventions that incorporate recent research gains. This review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanistic effects of undernutrition on the intestinal ecosystem to better treat and improve long-term outcomes for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F. Andres
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Madeline Kuhn
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Brian Scottoline
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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15
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Pandey S, Kim ES, Cho JH, Song M, Doo H, Kim S, Keum GB, Kwak J, Ryu S, Choi Y, Kang J, Lee JJ, Kim HB. Swine gut microbiome associated with non-digestible carbohydrate utilization. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1231072. [PMID: 37533451 PMCID: PMC10390834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1231072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible carbohydrates are an unavoidable component in a pig's diet, as all plant-based feeds contain different kinds of non-digestible carbohydrates. The major types of non-digestible carbohydrates include non-starch polysaccharides (such as cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose), resistant starch, and non-digestible oligosaccharides (such as fructo-oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide). Non-digestible carbohydrates play a significant role in balancing the gut microbial ecology and overall health of the swine by promoting the production of short chain fatty acids. Although non-digestible carbohydrates are rich in energy, swine cannot extract this energy on their own due to the absence of enzymes required for their degradation. Instead, they rely on gut microbes to utilize these carbohydrates for energy production. Despite the importance of non-digestible carbohydrate degradation, limited studies have been conducted on the swine gut microbes involved in this process. While next-generation high-throughput sequencing has aided in understanding the microbial compositions of the swine gut, specific information regarding the bacteria involved in non-digestible carbohydrate degradation remains limited. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and comprehend the bacteria responsible for the breakdown of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut. In this mini review, we have discussed the major bacteria involved in the fermentation of different types of non-digestible carbohydrates in the large intestine of swine, shedding light on their potential roles and contributions to swine nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriniwas Pandey
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sol Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunok Doo
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheena Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Beom Keum
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinok Kwak
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Ryu
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoun Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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16
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Enichen E, Adams RB, Demmig-Adams B. Physical Activity as an Adjunct Treatment for People Living with HIV? Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:502-517. [PMID: 37426740 PMCID: PMC10328202 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221078222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates physical activity as a candidate for an adjunct treatment, in conjunction with antiretroviral therapy (ART), for people living with HIV (PLWH). Evidence is summarized that chronic, non-resolving inflammation (a principal feature of immune system dysfunction) and a dysfunctional state of the gut environment are key factors in HIV infection that persist despite treatment with ART. In addition, evidence is summarized that regular physical activity may restore normal function of both the immune system and the gut environment and may thereby ameliorate symptoms and non-resolving inflammation-associated comorbidities that burden PLWH. Physicians who care for PLWH could thus consider incorporating physical activity into treatment plans to complement ART. It is also discussed that different types of physical activity can have different effects on the gut environment and immune function, and that future research should establish more specific criteria for the design of exercise regimens tailored to PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Enichen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Robert B. Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
| | - Barbara Demmig-Adams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, (EE, BDA); Physical Therapy of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, (RBA)
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17
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Duncan SH, Conti E, Ricci L, Walker AW. Links between Diet, Intestinal Anaerobes, Microbial Metabolites and Health. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051338. [PMID: 37239009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A dense microbial community resides in the human colon, with considerable inter-individual variability in composition, although some species are relatively dominant and widespread in healthy individuals. In disease conditions, there is often a reduction in microbial diversity and perturbations in the composition of the microbiota. Dietary complex carbohydrates that reach the large intestine are important modulators of the composition of the microbiota and their primary metabolic outputs. Specialist gut bacteria may also transform plant phenolics to form a spectrum of products possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Consumption of diets high in animal protein and fat may lead to the formation of potentially deleterious microbial products, including nitroso compounds, hydrogen sulphide, and trimethylamine. Gut anaerobes also form a range of secondary metabolites, including polyketides that may possess antimicrobial activity and thus contribute to microbe-microbe interactions within the colon. The overall metabolic outputs of colonic microbes are derived from an intricate network of microbial metabolic pathways and interactions; however, much still needs to be learnt about the subtleties of these complex networks. In this review we consider the multi-faceted relationships between inter-individual microbiota variation, diet, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia H Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Elena Conti
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Liviana Ricci
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Alan W Walker
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
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18
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Sharma N, Kang DK, Paik HD, Park YS. Beyond probiotics: a narrative review on an era of revolution. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:413-421. [PMID: 36911329 PMCID: PMC9992473 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether knowingly or unknowingly, humans have been consuming probiotic microorganisms through traditionally fermented foods for generations. Bacteria, like lactic acid bacteria, are generally thought to be harmless and produce many metabolites that are beneficial for human health. Probiotics offer a wide range of health benefits; however, their therapeutic usage is limited because they are living organisms. As a result, the focus on the health advantages of microbes has recently shifted from viable live probiotics to non-viable microbes made from probiotics. These newly emerging non-viable microbes include paraprobiotics, postbiotics, psychobiotics, nutribiotics, and gerobiotics. Their metabolites can boost physiological health and reveal the therapeutic effects of probiotics. This new terminology in microbes, their traits, and their applications are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
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19
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Jung DH, Park CS. Resistant starch utilization by Bifidobacterium, the beneficial human gut bacteria. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:441-452. [PMID: 36911330 PMCID: PMC9992497 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS) reaches the large intestine largely intact, where it is fermented by the gut microbiota, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that have beneficial effects on the human body. Bifidobacteria are a major species widely used in the probiotic field, and are increased in the gut by RS, indicating their importance in RS metabolism in the intestine. Bifidobacteria have a genetic advantage in starch metabolism as they possess a significant number of starch-degrading enzymes and extraordinary three RS-degrading enzymes, allowing them to utilize RS. However, to date, only three species of RS-degrading bifidobacteria have been reported as single isolates B. adolescentis, B. choerinum, and B. pseudolongum. In this review, we describe recent studies on RS utilization by Bifidobacterium, based on their biochemical characteristics and genetic findings. This review provides a crucial understanding of how bifidobacteria survive in specific niches with abundant RS such as the human gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Jung
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 22689 Republic of Korea
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Cheon-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology and Institute of Life Science and Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104 Republic of Korea
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20
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Ge T, Yang C, Li B, Huang X, Zhao L, Zhang X, Tian L, Zhang E. High-energy diet modify rumen microbial composition and microbial energy metabolism pattern in fattening sheep. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:32. [PMID: 36732756 PMCID: PMC9893671 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher dietary energy is often used to achieve better animal performance in mutton sheep production. Notably, changing the diet formula affects rumen fermentation and the microbiota of ruminants. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary energy on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in fattening sheep. Fifteen 2-month-old white-headed Suffolk sheep (♂) × Hu sheep (♀) crossbred lambs were randomly divided into three treatments based on the dietary energy of the feeds fed: 8.67 MJ/kg (Low energy (LE); n = 5), 10.38 MJ/kg (standard energy (CON); n = 5), and 12.31 MJ/kg (high energy (HE); n = 5) groups. After 70 days of feeding, sheep were slaughtered and the ruminal fluids were collected and analyzed to determine fermentation parameters. Microbiota was determined using metagenomics sequencing. Notably, the microbial cell protein (MCP) and butyric acid concentrations were significantly high in the HE group. Metagenomic sequencing revealed that ACE and Chao indexes of the HE group were significantly decreased. Four genera among the major classified taxa across all the kingdoms differed in relative abundance in the three dietary energy levels. The relative abundances of Prevotella_brevis, Succiniclasticum_ruminis, Prevotellace-ae_bacterium, and Lachnospiraceae_bacterium were significantly correlated with rumen fermentation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that a high-energy diet increased lipid metabolism of microbiota. The Carbohydrate Active enzymes (CAZy) gene, which participates in energy metabolism, was upregulated, while genes regulating plant cell wall degradation were downregulated in the HE group. These results suggest that a high-energy diet had minimal influence on the rumen fermentation pattern but altered the composition of the rumen microbiota, enhancing microbial lipid metabolism and limiting crude fiber metabolism. The findings of this study provide scientific evidence of the effect of dietary energy on ruminant fermentation and fattening sheep production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Leiyun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Lintao Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Enping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Xianyang, 712100 Shaanxi China
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21
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Nuccio DA, Normann MC, Zhou H, Grippo AJ, Singh P. Microbiome and Metabolome Variation as Indicator of Social Stress in Female Prairie Voles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1677. [PMID: 36675193 PMCID: PMC9861106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is detrimental to the health of social mammals inducing neurochemical and hormonal changes related to depression and anxiety, as well as impairments of cardiovascular and immune functioning. Likewise, perceptions of loneliness are increasingly recognized as detrimental to human psychological well-being, cognitive functioning, and physical health. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of social isolation on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome. To better understand the impact of social isolation on these systems, intestinal microbiota, and the systemic impact via the gut-brain axis, we employed prairie voles. Physiological stress on female prairie voles (n = 22) either with a same-sex sibling (n = 11) or in isolation (n = 11) for four weeks demonstrated behavioral indicators of increased anxiety and depression in isolated voles (p ≤ 0.01). Bacterial DNA from fecal and colon samples, collected at five time points (T0-4), were sequenced for all nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbiome analyses revealed several differences in gut communities of paired and isolated voles with greater differences at T4. Notably, several taxa associated with host health including Anaerostipes and Lactobacillaceae were more prevalent in paired voles, whereas several taxa associated with known pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcaceae and Enterococcus) or disease were elevated in isolated animals. Similarly, metabolome analyses suggested isolated voles, when compared to paired animals, exhibited differences in metabolites associated with diabetes and colitis. These findings further contribute to our understanding of the harmful effects of social isolation, which cause perturbations in the gut microbiome and serum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Nuccio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Marigny C. Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Haiming Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Angela J. Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
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22
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Bugenyi AW, Lee MR, Choi YJ, Song KD, Lee HK, Son YO, Lee DS, Lee SC, Son YJ, Heo J. Oropharyngeal, proximal colonic, and vaginal microbiomes of healthy Korean native black pig gilts. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:3. [PMID: 36600197 PMCID: PMC9814203 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the microbiome in multiple body sites of a livestock species informs approaches to promote its health and performance through efficient and sustainable modulation of these microbial ecosystems. Here, we employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the microbiome in the oropharyngeal cavity, proximal colon, and vaginal tract of Jeju Black pigs (JBP), which are native to the Korean peninsula. RESULTS We sampled nine 7-month-old JBP gilts raised under controlled conditions. The most abundant phyla that we found within the oropharyngeal microbiota were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes, collectively providing core features from twenty-five of their genera. We also found a proximal colonic microbial core composed of features from twenty of the genera of the two predominant phyla, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. Remarkably, within the JBP vaginal microbiota, Bacteroidetes dominated at phylum level, contrary to previous reports regarding other pig breeds. Features of the JBP core vaginal microbiota, came from seventeen genera of the major phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Although these communities were distinct, we found some commonalities amongst them. Features from the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Bacillus and an unclassified genus of the family Ruminococcaceae were ubiquitous across the three body sites. Comparing oropharyngeal and proximal colonic communities, we found additional shared features from the genus Anaerorhabdus. Between oropharyngeal and vaginal ecosystems, we found other shared features from the genus Campylobacter, as well as unclassified genera from the families Fusobacteriaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Proximal colonic and vaginal microbiota also shared features from the genera Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and an unclassified genus of Clostridiales. CONCLUSIONS Our results delineate unique and ubiquitous features within and across the oropharyngeal, proximal colonic and vaginal microbial communities in this Korean native breed of pigs. These findings provide a reference for future microbiome-focused studies and suggest a potential for modulating these communities, utilizing ubiquitous features, to enhance health and performance of the JBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wange Bugenyi
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.463387.d0000 0001 2229 1011National Agricultural Research Organization, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ma-Ro Lee
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320International Agricultural Development and Cooperation Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea ,grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Son
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea ,grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sun Lee
- grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Jeju Microbiome Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea ,grid.411277.60000 0001 0725 5207Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jaeyoung Heo
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
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23
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Obrenovich M, Singh SK, Li Y, Perry G, Siddiqui B, Haq W, Reddy VP. Natural Product Co-Metabolism and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Age-Related Diseases. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010041. [PMID: 36675988 PMCID: PMC9865576 DOI: 10.3390/life13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Complementary alternative medicine approaches are growing treatments of diseases to standard medicine practice. Many of these concepts are being adopted into standard practice and orthomolecular medicine. Age-related diseases, in particular neurodegenerative disorders, are particularly difficult to treat and a cure is likely a distant expectation for many of them. Shifting attention from pharmaceuticals to phytoceuticals and "bugs as drugs" represents a paradigm shift and novel approaches to intervention and management of age-related diseases and downstream effects of aging. Although they have their own unique pathologies, a growing body of evidence suggests Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) share common pathology and features. Moreover, normal metabolic processes contribute to detrimental aging and age-related diseases such as AD. Recognizing the role that the cerebral and cardiovascular pathways play in AD and age-related diseases represents a common denominator in their pathobiology. Understanding how prosaic foods and medications are co-metabolized with the gut microbiota (GMB) would advance personalized medicine and represents a paradigm shift in our view of human physiology and biochemistry. Extending that advance to include a new physiology for the advanced age-related diseases would provide new treatment targets for mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and neurodegeneration and may speed up medical advancements for these particularly devastating and debilitating diseases. Here, we explore selected foods and their derivatives and suggest new dementia treatment approaches for age-related diseases that focus on reexamining the role of the GMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Obrenovich
- Research Service, Department of Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Gilgamesh Foundation for Medical Science and Research, Cleveland, OH 44116, USA
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology (ISET) Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - George Perry
- Department of Neuroscience Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Bushra Siddiqui
- School of Medicine, Northeast Ohio College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Waqas Haq
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - V. Prakash Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Short Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Relation to Gut Microbiota and Genetic Variability. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245361. [PMID: 36558520 PMCID: PMC9788597 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory and immune responses of their host. In recent years, the host-microbiota interface has gained relevance in understanding the development of many non-communicable chronic conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Importantly, dietary fibre (DF) and associated compounds digested by the microbiota and their resulting metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), were significantly associated with health beneficial effects, such as via proposed anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, SCFA metabolic pathways are not fully understood. Major steps include production of SCFA by microbiota, uptake in the colonic epithelium, first-pass effects at the liver, followed by biodistribution and metabolism at the host's cellular level. As dietary patterns do not affect all individuals equally, the host genetic makeup may play a role in the metabolic fate of these metabolites, in addition to other factors that might influence the microbiota, such as age, birth through caesarean, medication intake, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pathogen exposure and physical activity. In this article, we review the metabolic pathways of DF, from intake to the intracellular metabolism of fibre-derived products, and identify possible sources of inter-individual variability related to genetic variation. Such variability may be indicative of the phenotypic flexibility in response to diet, and may be predictive of long-term adaptations to dietary factors, including maladaptation and tissue damage, which may develop into disease in individuals with specific predispositions, thus allowing for a better prediction of potential health effects following personalized intervention with DF.
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25
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Liu N, Gagnot S, Denis Y, Byrne D, Faulds C, Fierobe HP, Perret S. Selfish uptake versus extracellular arabinoxylan degradation in the primary degrader Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum, a new string to its bow. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:127. [PMID: 36403068 PMCID: PMC9675976 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary degraders of polysaccharides play a key role in anaerobic biotopes, where plant cell wall accumulates, providing extracellular enzymes to release fermentable carbohydrates to fuel themselves and other non-degrader species. Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum is a model primary degrader growing amongst others on arabinoxylan. It produces large multi-enzymatic complexes called cellulosomes, which efficiently deconstruct arabinoxylan into fermentable monosaccharides. RESULTS Complete extracellular arabinoxylan degradation was long thought to be required to fuel the bacterium during this plant cell wall deconstruction stage. We discovered and characterized a second system of "arabinoxylan" degradation in R. cellulolyticum, which challenged this paradigm. This "selfish" system is composed of an ABC transporter dedicated to the import of large and possibly acetylated arabinoxylodextrins, and a set of four glycoside hydrolases and two esterases. These enzymes show complementary action modes on arabinoxylo-dextrins. Two α-L-arabinofuranosidases target the diverse arabinosyl side chains, and two exo-xylanases target the xylo-oligosaccharides backbone either at the reducing or the non-reducing end. Together, with the help of two different esterases removing acetyl decorations, they achieve the depolymerization of arabinoxylo-dextrins in arabinose, xylose and xylobiose. The in vivo study showed that this new system is strongly beneficial for the fitness of the bacterium when grown on arabinoxylan, leading to the conclusion that a part of arabinoxylan degradation is achieved in the cytosol, even if monosaccharides are efficiently provided by the cellulosomes in the extracellular space. These results shed new light on the strategies used by anaerobic primary degrader bacteria to metabolize highly decorated arabinoxylan in competitive environments. CONCLUSION The primary degrader model Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum has developed a "selfish" strategy consisting of importing into the bacterium, large arabinoxylan-dextrin fractions released from a partial extracellular deconstruction of arabinoxylan, thus complementing its efficient extracellular arabinoxylan degradation system. Genetic studies suggest that this system is important to support fitness and survival in a competitive biotope. These results provide a better understanding of arabinoxylan catabolism in the primary degrader, with biotechnological application for synthetic microbial community engineering for the production of commodity chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier F-13402, Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Séverine Gagnot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier F-13402, Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IMM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Craig Faulds
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Univ, INRAE, BBF, Marseille, France, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Henri-Pierre Fierobe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier F-13402, Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Perret
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB, Marseille, France, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier F-13402, Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France.
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26
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The Impacts of Iron Overload and Ferroptosis on Intestinal Mucosal Homeostasis and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214195. [PMID: 36430673 PMCID: PMC9697168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is maintained through the interplay of the intestinal mucosa, local and systemic immune factors, and the microbial content of the gut. Iron is a trace mineral in most organisms, including humans, which is essential for growth, systemic metabolism and immune response. Paradoxically, excessive iron intake and/or high iron status can be detrimental to iron metabolism in the intestine and lead to iron overload and ferroptosis-programmed cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation within cell membranes, which contributes to several intestinal diseases. In this review, we comprehensively review recent findings on the impacts of iron overload and ferroptosis on intestinal mucosal homeostasis and inflammation and then present the progress of iron overload and ferroptosis-targeting therapy in intestinal diseases. Understanding the involved mechanisms can provide a new understanding of intestinal disease pathogenesis and facilitate advanced preventive and therapeutic strategies for intestinal dysfunction and diseases.
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27
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Impaired Mucosal Homeostasis in Short-Term Fiber Deprivation Is Due to Reduced Mucus Production Rather Than Overgrowth of Mucus-Degrading Bacteria. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183802. [PMID: 36145178 PMCID: PMC9501499 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal environment is key in host health; protecting against pathogens and providing a niche for beneficial bacteria, thereby facilitating a mutualistic balance between host and microbiome. Lack of dietary fiber results in erosion of the mucosal layer, suggested to be a result of increased mucus-degrading gut bacteria. This study aimed to use quantitative analyses to investigate the diet-induced imbalance of mucosal homeostasis. Seven days of fiber-deficiency affected intestinal anatomy and physiology, seen by reduced intestinal length and loss of the colonic crypt-structure. Moreover, the mucus layer was diminished, muc2 expression decreased, and impaired mucus secretion was detected by stable isotope probing. Quantitative microbiome profiling of the gut microbiota showed a diet-induced reduction in bacterial load and decreased diversity across the intestinal tract, including taxa with fiber-degrading and butyrate-producing capabilities. Most importantly, there was little change in the absolute abundance of known mucus-degrading bacteria, although, due to the general loss of taxa, relative abundance would erroneously indicate an increase in mucus degraders. These findings underscore the importance of using quantitative methods in microbiome research, suggesting erosion of the mucus layer during fiber deprivation is due to diminished mucus production rather than overgrowth of mucus degraders.
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28
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He C, Liao Q, Fu P, Li J, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Gui Q. Microbiological characteristics of different tongue coatings in adults. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:214. [PMID: 36085010 PMCID: PMC9461261 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tongue coating is an important health indicator in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The tongue coating microbiome can distinguish disease patients from healthy controls. To study the relationship between different types of tongue coatings and health, we analyzed the species composition of different types of tongue coatings and the co-occurrence relationships between microorganisms in Chinese adults.
From June 2019 to October 2020, 158 adults from Hangzhou and Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, were enrolled. We classified the TCM tongue coatings into four different types: thin white tongue fur (TWF), thin yellow tongue fur (TYF), white greasy tongue fur (WGF), and yellow greasy tongue fur (YGF). Tongue coating specimens were collected and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq system. Wilcoxon rank-sum and permutational multivariate analysis of variance tests were used to analyze the data. The microbial networks in the four types of tongue coatings were inferred independently using sparse inverse covariance estimation for ecological association inference.
Results
The microbial composition was similar among the different tongue coatings; however, the abundance of microorganisms differed. TWF had a higher abundance of Fusobacterium periodonticum and Neisseria mucosa, the highest α-diversity, and a highly connected community (average degree = 3.59, average closeness centrality = 0.33). TYF had the lowest α-diversity, but the most species in the co-occurrence network diagram (number of nodes = 88). The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was associated with tongue coating (P = 0.035), and the YGF and TYF groups had higher PLR values. In the co-occurrence network, Aggregatibacter segnis was the “driver species” of the TWF and TYF groups and correlated with C-reactive protein (P < 0.05). Streptococcus anginosus was the “driver species” in the YGF and TWF groups and was positively correlated with body mass index and weight (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Different tongue coatings have similar microbial compositions but different abundances of certain bacteria. The co-occurrence of microorganisms in the different tongue coatings also varies. The significance of different tongue coatings in TCM theory is consistent with the characteristics and roles of the corresponding tongue-coating microbes. This further supports considering tongue coating as a risk factor for disease.
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29
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Yang W, Song G, Zhong P, Ren Y, Zhong G. Structural complexity of Konjac glucomannan and its derivatives governs the diversity and outputs of gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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30
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Puhlmann ML, de Vos WM. Intrinsic dietary fibers and the gut microbiome: Rediscovering the benefits of the plant cell matrix for human health. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954845. [PMID: 36059540 PMCID: PMC9434118 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers contribute to structure and storage reserves of plant foods and fundamentally impact human health, partly by involving the intestinal microbiota, notably in the colon. Considerable attention has been given to unraveling the interaction between fiber type and gut microbiota utilization, focusing mainly on single, purified fibers. Studying these fibers in isolation might give us insights into specific fiber effects, but neglects how dietary fibers are consumed daily and impact our digestive tract: as intrinsic structures that include the cell matrix and content of plant tissues. Like our ancestors we consume fibers that are entangled in a complex network of plants cell walls that further encapsulate and shield intra-cellular fibers, such as fructans and other components from immediate breakdown. Hence, the physiological behavior and consequent microbial breakdown of these intrinsic fibers differs from that of single, purified fibers, potentially entailing unexplored health effects. In this mini-review we explain the difference between intrinsic and isolated fibers and discuss their differential impact on digestion. Subsequently, we elaborate on how food processing influences intrinsic fiber structure and summarize available human intervention studies that used intrinsic fibers to assess gut microbiota modulation and related health outcomes. Finally, we explore current research gaps and consequences of the intrinsic plant tissue structure for future research. We postulate that instead of further processing our already (extensively) processed foods to create new products, we should minimize this processing and exploit the intrinsic health benefits that are associated with the original cell matrix of plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luise Puhlmann
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marie-Luise Puhlmann,
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Schell KR, Fernandes KE, Shanahan E, Wilson I, Blair SE, Carter DA, Cokcetin NN. The Potential of Honey as a Prebiotic Food to Re-engineer the Gut Microbiome Toward a Healthy State. Front Nutr 2022; 9:957932. [PMID: 35967810 PMCID: PMC9367972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has a long history of use for the treatment of digestive ailments. Certain honey types have well-established bioactive properties including antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, honey contains non-digestible carbohydrates in the form of oligosaccharides, and there is increasing evidence from in vitro, animal, and pilot human studies that some kinds of honey have prebiotic activity. Prebiotics are foods or compounds, such as non-digestible carbohydrates, that are used to promote specific, favorable changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in human health and well-being, with disturbances to the balance of these organisms linked to gut inflammation and the development and progression of numerous conditions, such as colon cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, obesity, and mental health issues. Consequently, there is increasing interest in manipulating the gut microbiota to a more favorable balance as a way of improving health by dietary means. Current research suggests that certain kinds of honey can reduce the presence of infection-causing bacteria in the gut including Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Clostridiodes difficile, while simultaneously stimulating the growth of potentially beneficial species, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. In this paper, we review the current and growing evidence that shows the prebiotic potential of honey to promote healthy gut function, regulate the microbial communities in the gut, and reduce infection and inflammation. We outline gaps in knowledge and explore the potential of honey as a viable option to promote or re-engineer a healthy gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Schell
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenya E Fernandes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Shanahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella Wilson
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shona E Blair
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dee A Carter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nural N Cokcetin
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lou M, Cao A, Jin C, Mi K, Xiong X, Zeng Z, Pan X, Qie J, Qiu S, Niu Y, Liang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Liu Z, Zhao Q, Qiu X, Jin Y, Sheng X, Hu Z, Jin G, Liu J, Liu X, Wang Y. Deviated and early unsustainable stunted development of gut microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorder. Gut 2022; 71:1588-1599. [PMID: 34930815 PMCID: PMC9279844 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have provided insights into the gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, these studies were restricted owing to limited sampling at the unitary stage of childhood. Herein, we aimed to reveal developmental characteristics of gut microbiota in a large cohort of subjects with ASD combined with interindividual factors impacting gut microbiota. DESIGN A large cohort of 773 subjects with ASD (aged 16 months to 19 years), 429 neurotypical (NT) development subjects (aged 11 months to 15 years) were emolyed to determine the dynamics change of gut microbiota across different ages using 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULT In subjects with ASD, we observed a distinct but progressive deviation in the development of gut microbiota characterised by persistently decreased alpha diversity, early unsustainable immature microbiota, altered aboudance of 20 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), decreased taxon detection rate and 325 deregulated microbial metabolic functions with age-dependent patterns. We further revealed microbial relationships that have changed extensively in ASD before 3 years of age, which were associated with the severity of behaviour, sleep and GI symptoms in the ASD group. This analysis demonstrated that a signature of the combination of 2 OTUs, Veillonella and Enterobacteriaceae, and 17 microbial metabolic functions efficiently discriminated ASD from NT subjects in both the discovery (area under the curve (AUC)=0.86), and validation 1 (AUC=0.78), 2 (AUC=0.82) and 3 (AUC=0.67) sets. CONCLUSION Our large cohort combined with clinical symptom analysis highlights the key regulator of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ASD and emphasises the importance of monitoring and targeting the gut microbiome in future clinical applications of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Lou
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyue Xiong
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Pan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinlong Qie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shangfeng Qiu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaofang Niu
- Guhe Information Technology Co Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiyan Qiu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gulei Jin
- Guhe Information Technology Co Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingshi Liu
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province Center of Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Pant A, Maiti TK, Mahajan D, Das B. Human Gut Microbiota and Drug Metabolism. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35869999 PMCID: PMC9308113 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of drugs widely varies in individuals, and the gut microbiota plays an important role in this variability. The commensal microbiota living in the human gut encodes several enzymes that chemically modify systemic and orally administered drugs, and such modifications can lead to activation, inactivation, toxification, altered stability, poor bioavailability, and rapid excretion. Our knowledge of the role of the human gut microbiome in therapeutic outcomes continues to evolve. Recent studies suggest the existence of complex interactions between microbial functions and therapeutic drugs across the human body. Therapeutic drugs or xenobiotics can influence the composition of the gut microbiome and the microbial encoded functions. Both these deviations can alter the chemical transformations of the drugs and hence treatment outcomes. In this review, we provide an overview of (i) the genetic ecology of microbially encoded functions linked with xenobiotic degradation; (ii) the effect of drugs on the composition and function of the gut microbiome; and (iii) the importance of the gut microbiota in drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pant
- Molecular Genetics Lab, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, Delhi-110067, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, PO box, Gurgaon Expressway, #04 Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India
| | - Tushar K Maiti
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India
| | - Dinesh Mahajan
- Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, PO box, Gurgaon Expressway, #04 Faridabad-121001, Haryana, India.
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Phùng TTT, Gerometta M, Chanut J, Raise A, Ureña M, Dupont S, Beney L, Karbowiak T. Comprehensive approach to the protection and controlled release of extremely oxygen sensitive probiotics using edible polysaccharide-based coatings. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:706-719. [PMID: 35872315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal system is a complex of various anaerobes including extremely oxygen-sensitive (EOS) bacteria, some of which have been credited with significant health benefits. Among these, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which is one of the most abundant anaerobic bacterial strains in the human intestinal tract, has been proved to be a promising probiotic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, because of its extremely sensitive nature, there are many difficulties when passing through the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. Hence, in this study, a comprehensive physicochemical characterization was performed for the use of polysaccharides from several origins (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, chitosan, low-methoxylated pectin, kappa-carrageenan, sodium alginate and pullulan) as encapsulating agents to protect and deliver this bacterium. First, the apparent viscosity and surface tension of the polymer solutions were tested. Then, the mechanical properties, water vapor and oxygen barrier properties of these biopolymers as self-standing films were investigated. Lastly, in vitro release profiles of small molecules and bacterial cells from these biopolymer matrices in contact with a simulated gastrointestinal tract were evaluated. The results showed that chitosan, low-methoxylated pectin, kappa-carrageenan, sodium alginate and pullulan films exhibited good oxygen barrier properties to protect EOS probiotics. Among all the biopolymers tested, sodium alginate exhibited the best oxygen barrier properties and release profile. The release kinetics can be modulated by several factors including biopolymer type, plasticizer concentration and active molecules or bacteria to be encapsulated. On that basis and integrating the other parameters analyzed, a multicriteria strategy for probiotic encapsulation was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thị-Thanh-Trúc Phùng
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Massimiliano Gerometta
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Julie Chanut
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Audrey Raise
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - María Ureña
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Sébastien Dupont
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Beney
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Karbowiak
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR 02 102, 1 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Properties of Three Probiotics and Their Combination with Prebiotics on GLP-1 Secretion and Type 2 Diabetes Alleviation. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8586843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of global concern characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Many studies found that glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that can alleviate hyperglycemia and T2D. Recently, probiotics and their combination with prebiotics have been found to show great potentials of blood glucose regulation and T2D alleviation. Given the important role of GLP-1 in T2D, screening probiotics with the capacity of promoting GLP-1 secretion is of great help for providing a novel application of T2D treatment. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of three probiotics, namely, Lactobacillus paracasei LC-37 (LC-37), Bifidobacterium animals MN-Gup (MN-Gup), and Bifidobacterium longum BBMN68 (BBMN68), and their combination with prebiotics on promoting GLP-1 secretion using NCI-H716 cells. The results showed that LC-37 and MN-Gup could stimulate more GLP-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells, but BBMN68 had no significant effect. Further evaluation suggested that the two combinations of LC-37 with isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and MN-Gup with galactooligosaccharide (GOS) had the best performance on promoting GLP-1 secretion in vitro. Subsequently, the effects of the two combinations on promoting GLP-1 secretion and alleviating T2D were investigated in vivo using high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) treated rats. The results showed that the two combinations could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve insulin resistance, and modulate serum lipid profiles in HFD/STZ-treated rats. These results will help understand the potential of promoting GLP-1 secretion of LC-37 and MN-Gup and provide theoretical basis for their applications in fermented milk or other foods.
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Andrade BGN, Bressani FA, Cuadrat RRC, Cardoso TF, Malheiros JM, de Oliveira PSN, Petrini J, Mourão GB, Coutinho LL, Reecy JM, Koltes JE, Neto AZ, R de Medeiros S, Berndt A, Palhares JCP, Afli H, Regitano LCA. Stool and Ruminal Microbiome Components Associated With Methane Emission and Feed Efficiency in Nelore Beef Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:812828. [PMID: 35656319 PMCID: PMC9152269 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The impact of extreme changes in weather patterns on the economy and human welfare is one of the biggest challenges our civilization faces. From anthropogenic contributions to climate change, reducing the impact of farming activities is a priority since it is responsible for up to 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions. To this end, we tested whether ruminal and stool microbiome components could be used as biomarkers for methane emission and feed efficiency in bovine by studying 52 Brazilian Nelore bulls belonging to two feed intervention treatment groups, that is, conventional and by-product-based diets. Results: We identified a total of 5,693 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in the Nelore bulls’ microbiomes. A Differential abundance analysis with the ANCOM approach identified 30 bacterial and 15 archaeal ASVs as differentially abundant (DA) among treatment groups. An association analysis using Maaslin2 software and a linear mixed model indicated that bacterial ASVs are linked to the host’s residual methane emission (RCH4) and residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype variation, suggesting their potential as targets for interventions or biomarkers. Conclusion: The feed composition induced significant differences in both abundance and richness of ruminal and stool microbial populations in ruminants of the Nelore breed. The industrial by-product-based dietary treatment applied to our experimental groups influenced the microbiome diversity of bacteria and archaea but not of protozoa. ASVs were associated with RCH4 emission and RFI in ruminal and stool microbiomes. While ruminal ASVs were expected to influence CH4 emission and RFI, the relationship of stool taxa, such as Alistipes and Rikenellaceae (gut group RC9), with these traits was not reported before and might be associated with host health due to their link to anti-inflammatory compounds. Overall, the ASVs associated here have the potential to be used as biomarkers for these complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G N Andrade
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Rafael R C Cuadrat
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Juliana Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gerson B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo/ESALQ, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - James M Reecy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Haithem Afli
- Department of Computer Science, Munster Technological University, MTU/ADAPT, Cork, Ireland
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Wang Y, Tian L, Sun L, Zhou W, Zhi W, Qing J, Abdi Saed Y, Dong L, Zhang X, Li Y. Gut Microbes in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:823267. [PMID: 35655857 PMCID: PMC9152025 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.823267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecosystem consists of a complex community of bacterial interactions and its host microenvironment (tissue, cell, metabolite). Because the interaction between gut microbiota and host involves many diseases and seriously affects human health, the study of the interaction mechanism between gut microbiota and host has attracted great attention. The gut microbiome is made up of 100 trillion bacteria that have both beneficial and adverse effects on human health. The development of IgA Nephropathy results in changes in the intestinal microbial ecosystem that affect host physiology and health. Similarly, changes in intestinal microbiota also affect the development of IgA Nephropathy. Thus, the gut microbiome represents a novel therapeutic target for improving the outcome of IgA Nephropathy, including hematuria symptoms and disease progression. In this review, we summarize the effect of intestinal microbiota on IgA Nephropathy in recent years and it has been clarified that the intestinal microbiota has a great influence on the pathogenesis and treatment of IgA Nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingling Tian
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- School of Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhi
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianbo Qing
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yasin Abdi Saed
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lina Dong
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiadong Zhang
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Taiyuan, China.,Academy of Microbial Ecology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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38
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Ye S, Shah BR, Li J, Liang H, Zhan F, Geng F, Li B. A critical review on interplay between dietary fibers and gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yan X, Zhai Y, Zhou W, Qiao Y, Guan L, Liu H, Jiang J, Peng L. Intestinal Flora Mediates Antiobesity Effect of Rutin in High-Fat-Diet Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100948. [PMID: 35616308 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Intestinal flora plays a critical role in the development of . Rutin is a natural flavonoid with potential prebiotic effects on regulating the intestinal flora composition that is beneficial for host health. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that rutin supplementation has beneficial effects on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic disorder through the modulation of intestinal flora in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS The obesity-alleviating property of rutin using 6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice fed on HFD with or without rutin supplementation for 16 weeks is investigated. Rutin supplementation effectively reduces body-weight gain, insulin resistance, and acted favorably on the intestinal barrier, thereby reducing endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from fecal samples indicate that rutin exerted modulatory effects on HFD-induced intestinal flora disorders (e.g., rutin decreased Firmicutes abundance and increased Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance). Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation further demonstrate that the salutary effects of rutin on obesity control are strongly dependent on the intestinal flora. CONCLUSION Rutin can be considered as a prebiotic agent for improving intestinal flora disorders and obesity-associated metabolic perturbations in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wenling Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingling Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jizhi Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No. 2 Yinghua East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
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40
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Chauhan A, Semwal DK, Semwal RB, Joshi SK, Adhana RK, Goswami MS. Modulation of gut microbiota with Ayurveda diet and lifestyle: A review on its possible way to treat type 2 diabetes. Ayu 2022; 43:35-44. [PMID: 37655174 PMCID: PMC10468021 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased substantially in the past few decades throughout the world. In India, the epidemic of diabetes continues to increase irrespective of area, status, and age. Despite various scientific societies involved in the treatment of diabetes, still, the burden of diabetes keeps growing. Aims The aim of this work is to explore the Ayurvedic concept of a personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota for the treatment of T2D. Material and methods A thorough study of literature from online scientific databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as from classical texts of Ayurveda was done. A careful compilation was done to extract the valuable output of the personalized diet to modulate the gut microbiota. Results There are various diets used to control blood glucose levels, and their effects are also being studied on the transcriptome or epigenome despite 99.9% genomic similarity among human beings. However, microbiomes have only 10% similarity. Ayurvedic diet is given on the basis of Prakriti (body constitution), therefore, it is also called personalized diet. Conclusion The diets prescribed for T2D in Ayurveda are high in fibers, polyphenols, and complex carbohydrates which enrich butyrate-producing bacteria and decrease lipopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Hence, there is a need to have a personalized diet to manage the glucose level by enriching beneficial gut microbiota. The approach of a personalized diet associated with gut microbiota can be helpful in maintaining blood sugar in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Chemistry, VSKC Government Postgraduate College, Dakpathar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Department of Shalya Tantra, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Adhana
- Department of Agad Tantra, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Madhavi Sanjay Goswami
- Department of Rachna Sharir, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Kimble R, Gouinguenet P, Ashor A, Stewart C, Deighton K, Matu J, Griffiths A, Malcomson FC, Joel A, Houghton D, Stevenson E, Minihane AM, Siervo M, Shannon OM, Mathers JC. Effects of a mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8698-8719. [PMID: 35361035 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of numerous non-communicable diseases. Modulation of the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota represents a potential mechanism through which the MedDiet elicits these effects. We conducted a systematic literature search (Prospero registration: CRD42020168977) using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus and CINAHL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies exploring the impact of a MedDiet on gut microbiota composition (i.e., relative abundance of bacteria or diversity metrics) and metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids). Seventeen RCTs and 17 observational studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Risk of bias across the studies was mixed but mainly identified as low and unclear. Overall, RCTs and observational studies provided no clear evidence of a consistent effect of a MedDiet on composition or metabolism of the gut microbiota. These findings may be related to the diverse methods across studies (e.g., MedDiet classification and analytical techniques), cohort characteristics, and variable quality of studies. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to advance understanding of the potential effects of the MedDiet using more detailed examination of microbiota and microbial metabolites with reference to emerging characteristics of a healthy gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Phebee Gouinguenet
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ammar Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christopher Stewart
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jamie Matu
- School of Clinical Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Abraham Joel
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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The Intestinal Microbiota May Be a Potential Theranostic Tool for Personalized Medicine. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040523. [PMID: 35455639 PMCID: PMC9024566 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine is colonized by a huge number of microorganisms from the moment of birth. This set of microorganisms found throughout the human body, is called the microbiota; the microbiome indicates the totality of genes that the microbiota can express, i.e., its genetic heritage. Thus, microbiota participates in and influences the proper functioning of the organism. The microbiota is unique for each person; it differs in the types of microorganisms it contains, the number of each microorganism, and the ratio between them, but mainly it changes over time and under the influence of many factors. Therefore, the correct functioning of the human body depends not only on the expression of its genes but also on the expression of the genes of the microorganisms it coexists with. This fact makes clear the enormous interest of community science in studying the relationship of the human microbiota with human health and the incidence of disease. The microbiota is like a unique personalized “mold” for each person; it differs quantitatively and qualitatively for the microorganisms it contains together with the relationship between them, and it changes over time and under the influence of many factors. We are attempting to modulate the microbial components in the human intestinal microbiota over time to provide positive feedback on the health of the host, from intestinal diseases to cancer. These interventions to modulate the intestinal microbiota as well as to identify the relative microbiome (genetic analysis) can range from dietary (with adjuvant prebiotics or probiotics) to fecal transplantation. This article researches the recent advances in these strategies by exploring their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we aim to understand the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and pathologies, through the research of resident microbiota, that would allow the personalization of the therapeutic antibiotic strategy.
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Improvement of the Gut Microbiota In Vivo by a Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Producing Strain Lactococcus garvieae CF11. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has strong connections with health. Regulating and enhancing gut microbiota and increasing the population of beneficial microorganisms constitutes a new approach to increasing the efficiency of health status. Although it has been shown that Lactococcus can adjust gut microbiota and be beneficial for the host, little is known about whether strains of Lactococcus petauri can improve the gut microbiota. This study focused on the influence of Lactococcus petauri CF11 on the gut microbiome composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in vivo in healthy Sprague Dawley rats. The present results showed that strain CF11 was able to induce a higher amount of fecal acetic acid and propionic acid and enhance species richness. Moreover, strain CF11 improved the gut microbiota community structure. In the experimental group, the genera Oscillospira, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus, which are reported to be able to produce SCFAs, are significantly increased when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Finally, the functions of genes revealed that 180 pathways were upregulated or downregulated in comparison with the control group. Among them, the top-five clearly enriched pathways regarding metabolism included porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Our data suggest that the SCFAs-producing strain CF11 is a potential probiotic.
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Wang Q, Zeng X, Zeng Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang X, Li J, Wang Y, Feng Z, Huang P, Yin J, Huang J, Zhu M, Yang H. Effects of Phragmites australis Shoot Remainder Silage on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Rumen Microbiota of Beef Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:778654. [PMID: 35274018 PMCID: PMC8902168 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.778654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with Phragmites australis shoot remainder (PSR) silage on intake, growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and rumen microbial diversity of growing-finishing beef. Fifteen Angus beef cattle with an average body weight of 253 ± 2.94 kg were randomly divided into three groups (five replicas vs. each group vs. Angus beef cattle). The three treatments were group A fed 60% PSR silage + 40% concentrate, group B fed 30% PSR silage + 30% corn silage + 40% concentrate, and group C fed 60% corn silage + 40% concentrate. The adaptation period was 15 days, and the trial period lasted for 45 days. Results showed that the ADG was significantly higher, and FCR was significantly lower both in groups A and B compared with group C. The results of serum biochemical parameters showed that the concentration of GLU was significantly lower in group B than both groups A and C. Microbial diversity results showed that the OTUs, Shannon, Chao1, and ACE indices were significantly lower in group A compared with groups B and C. At the phyla level, the relative abundances of Tenericutes and Melainabacteria had significant differences among the three groups, and the relative abundances of Papillibacter, Anaeroplasma, and Anaerovorax had significant differences among the three groups at the genus level. Additionally, Rikenellaceae was the unique biomarker among the three groups. Furthermore, the results of function prediction showed that the gene families associated with metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, infectious diseases, signaling molecules and interaction, nervous system, and digestive system were significantly decreased, while lipid metabolism was dramatically increased from groups A to C at KEGG level 2. At KEGG level 3, 11 metabolic pathways were significantly influenced among the three groups. In summary, these findings indicated that PSR silage substituted the corn silage totally or partially improved the growth performance, and altered the rumen microbial composition and diversity and the corresponding change in prediction function of rumen bacteria in Angus beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xianglin Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yutong Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoruowei Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yancan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Nurturing and Protection of National Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Key Lab of Non-wood Forest Nurturing and Protection of National Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients From Botanicals, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Mingzhi Zhu
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Huansheng Yang
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Cohn Z, Latty T, Abbas A. Understanding dietary carbohydrates in black soldier fly larvae treatment of organic waste in the circular economy. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 137:9-19. [PMID: 34700286 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) treatment is promising for organic waste valorisation in the circular economy; however, waste variability impacts the process performance and quality of produced larvae. Specifically, variation in the carbohydrate profile of treated wastes has been suggested to have a significant impact on BSFL treatment performance and quality of produced larvae, with particular carbohydrates either positively or negatively influencing these variables. This study examines the hypothesis that the types of carbohydrates within the substrate can have significant influence on larval survival, waste reduction, bioconversion, and waste conversion efficiency, as well as the crude lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the produced larvae. The carbohydrates explored were D glucose, sucrose, D (-) fructose, corn and wheat starch, D (+) galactose, D (+) mannose, D (+) xylose, D (-) arabinose and xylan from beechwood. Young larvae were grown for 9 days on chicken feed-based diets containing various carbohydrate additives each at 20 dry mass %. Treatments containing hemicellulose constituents galactose and arabinose produced the most adverse effects on process performance relative to the benchmark. Xylan was significantly detrimental to bioconversion (-14.7 ± 3.8%) and waste conversion efficiencies (-19.0 ± 4.4%). There were minimal significant effects on performance from mono- and di-saccharides and starch additives. Larvae crude lipid contents were significantly increased by wheat starch (+12.6 ± 3.0%) and decreased by galactose (-15.0 ± 1.4%) and xylan additives (-27.5 ± 3.4%), however fatty acid profiles were largely unaffected and were dominated by lauric acid. These results indicate that despite an otherwise balanced and nutritious substrate, the carbohydrate profile of organic waste should be an important consideration in BSFL treatment when ensuring process performance and larval lipid contents. The consequences of these results for BSFL treatment of real wastes are discussed. Large scale treatment facilities should formulate substrates accordingly and identify methods to mitigate the anti-nutritional effects of poor carbohydrate profiles, particularly those high in hemicelluloses and their constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Cohn
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Latty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ali Abbas
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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In vitro screening for potential probiotic properties of Ligilactobacillus salivarius isolated from cattle calves. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Li Y, Kang Y, Du Y, Chen M, Guo L, Huang X, Li T, Chen S, Yang F, Yu F, Hong J, Kong X. Effects of Konjaku Flour on the Gut Microbiota of Obese Patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:771748. [PMID: 35300378 PMCID: PMC8921482 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.771748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota have been thought to play a role in the emergence of obesity and metabolic disorders, thus dietary fiber may be an effective strategy for the management of obesity by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of konjaku flour (KF) supplementation on treating obesity and regulating intestinal microbiota in obese adults. METHODS In a 5-week, randomized, double-blind, place-controlled trial, sixty-nine obese volunteers aged 25 to 35 with body mass index ≥28 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to receive KF or placebo (lotus root starch). Obesity index, blood parameters, and gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS KF remarkably reduced the body mass index (BMI), fat mass, percentage body fat (PBF), serum triglyceride (TG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the patients (p <0.05 or p <0.01). Meanwhile, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed that the konjac flour treatment notably increased the α-diversity and changed the β-diversity of intestinal microflora in patients (p <0.01). Moreover, konjac flour could also evidently increase the abundance of some of the beneficial microorganisms related to obesity of patients, such as Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Solobacterium, R. inulinivorans, Clostridium perfringens, and Intestinimonas butyriciproducens, and reduce the abundance of the harmful microorganisms, such as Lactococcus, Bacteroides fragilis, Lactococcus garvieae, B. coprophilus, B. ovatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron (p <0.01). Specifically, C. perfringens was significantly negatively correlated with serum total cholesterol (TC) (p <0.01). CONCLUSION These results suggested that KF can achieve positive effects on treating obesity, which manifest on reducing BMI, fat mass, blood glucose, and blood lipid, improving hepatic function, and also regulating intestinal microfloral structure. Therefore, changes in gut microbiota may explain in part the effects of KF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Kong, ; Jingan Hong, ; Yongbo Kang,
| | - Yuhui Du
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liqiong Guo
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Nutrition Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fubing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jingan Hong
- Nutrition Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Kong, ; Jingan Hong, ; Yongbo Kang,
| | - Xiangyang Kong
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Kong, ; Jingan Hong, ; Yongbo Kang,
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Frankenfeld CL, Hullar MA, Maskarinec G, Monroe KR, Shepherd JA, Franke AA, Randolph TW, Wilkens LR, Boushey CJ, Le Marchand L, Lim U, Lampe JW. The Gut Microbiome Is Associated with Circulating Dietary Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Multiethnic Cohort. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:78-98. [PMID: 34226163 PMCID: PMC9019929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results from observational studies suggest high diet quality favorably influences the human gut microbiome. Fruit and vegetable consumption is often a key contributor to high diet quality. OBJECTIVE To evaluate measures of gut bacterial diversity and abundance in relation to serum biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Men and women from Los Angeles, CA, and Hawai'i who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study from 2013 to 2016 (N = 1,709). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gut microbiome diversity and composition in relation to dietary biomarkers. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Carotenoid (beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthins, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin), tocopherol (α, β + γ, and δ), and retinol concentrations were assessed in serum. The α and β diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were classified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA from self-collected fecal samples. Global differences in microbial community profiles in relation dietary biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable permutational analysis of variance. Associations of α diversity (Shannon index), β diversity (weighted and unweighted UniFrac) with center log-ratio-transformed phyla and genera abundances were evaluated using linear regression, adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Increasing total carotenoid, beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthin, and lycopene concentrations were associated with higher gut bacterial diversity (Shannon Index) (P < 0.001). Total tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol concentrations contributed significantly to more than 1% of the microbiome variation in gut bacterial community: total tocopherol: 1.74%; α-tocopherol: 1.70%; and δ-tocopherol: 1.16% (P < 0.001). Higher total carotenoid was associated with greater abundance of some genera relevant for microbial macronutrient metabolism (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Objective biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake, particularly carotenoids, were favorably associated with gut bacterial composition and diversity in this multiethnic population. These observations provide supportive evidence that fruit and vegetable intake is related to gut bacterial composition; more work is needed to elucidate how this influences host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L. Frankenfeld
- George Mason University, 4400 University Drive MS 5B7, Fairfax, VA, 22030,Associate Professor and Program Director, Master of Public Health Program; University of Puget Sound, 1500 N. Warner St, Tacoma, WA 98416
| | | | | | | | - John A. Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Adrian A. Franke
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Timothy W. Randolph
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Unhee Lim
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109
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Will intestinal flora therapy become a new target in type-2 diabetes mellitus? A review based on 13 clinical trials. NUTR HOSP 2021; 39:425-433. [PMID: 34844413 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and its pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Current evidence suggests an association between intestinal flora and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this paper, we summarized the current research, determining whether intestinal flora may become a new method to treat T2DM, and providing a theoretical basis and literature references for the prevention of T2DM based on the regulation of intestinal flora. METHOD we carried out a review based on 13 published clinical trials to determine the correlation between T2DM and intestinal flora, and between changes in clinical outcomes and in intestinal flora in the development of T2DM; to assess the pathological mechanisms; and to discuss the treatment of diabetes based on intestinal flora. RESULTS we found that intestinal flora is involved in the occurrence and development of T2DM. Several pathological mechanisms may be involved in the process, including improving the gut barrier, alleviating inflammation, increasing glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 and GLP 2, increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and so on. Several measures based on intestinal flora, including exercise, food, specific diets, drugs and probiotics, would be used to treat and even prevent T2DM. CONCLUSIONS high-quality studies are required to better understand the clinical effects of intestinal flora in T2DM.
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Wang K, Zhang Z, Mo ZS, Yang XH, Lin BL, Peng L, Xu Y, Lei CY, Zhuang XD, Lu L, Yang RF, Chen T, Gao ZL. Gut microbiota as prognosis markers for patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-15. [PMID: 34006193 PMCID: PMC8143260 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1921925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota in the hepatitis B virus related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is poorly defined. We aim to uncover the characteristics of the gut microbiota in HBV-ACLF and in other HBV associated pathologies. We analyzed the gut microbiome in patients with HBV-ACLF or other HBV associated pathologies and healthy individuals by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples. 212 patients with HBV-ACLF, 252 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 162 with HBV-associated cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 877 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. CHB and HBV-LC patients are grouped as HBV-Other. We discovered striking differences in the microbiome diversity between the HBV-ACLF, HBV-Other and healthy groups using 16S rRNA sequencing. The ratio of cocci to bacilli was significantly elevated in the HBV-ACLF group compared with healthy group. Further analysis within the HBV-ACLF group identified 52 genera showing distinct richness within the group where Enterococcus was enriched in the progression group whilst Faecalibacterium was enriched in the regression group. Metagenomic sequencing validated these findings and further uncovered an enrichment of Lactobacillus casei paracasei in progression group, while Alistipes senegalensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Parabacteroides merdae dominated the regression group. Importantly, our analysis revealed that there was a rapid increase of Enterococcus faecium during the progression of HBV-ACLF. The gut microbiota displayed distinct composition at different phases of HBV-ACLF. High abundance of Enterococcus is associated with progression while that of Faecalibacterium is associated with regression of HBV-ACLF. Therefore, the microbiota features hold promising potential as prognostic markers for HBV-ACLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Shuo Mo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Liang Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Yan Lei
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ling Lu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui-Fu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China,Rui-Fu Yang State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Research and Development Department, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Tao Chen Research and Development Department, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,CONTACT Zhi-Liang Gao Department of Infectious Diseases and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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