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Şahin S, Aydın AÇ, Göçmen AY, Kaymak E. Evaluation of the protective effect of losartan in acetaminophen-induced liver and kidney damage in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5067-5078. [PMID: 38194107 PMCID: PMC11166798 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is widely used among humans as an antipyretic and analgesic. In this study, the protective effect of losartan in hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in mice was investigated owing to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. An injection of a single dose of 500 mg/kg (i.p.) acetaminophen was administered to induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Groups VI-X. Losartan at doses of 1 mg/kg (Group VII), 3 mg/kg (Group VIII), and 10 mg/kg (Groups III, V, IX, and X) was injected intraperitoneally twice, at 1 and 12 h after the acetaminophen injection. Additionally, a 4 mg/kg dose of GW9662 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before the losartan injections in Groups V and X. At the end of 24 h, the mice were euthanized, and blood, liver, and kidney tissue samples were collected. Levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, and oxidative stress markers including TBARS, SOD, CAT, GPx, TAS, TOS, GSH, and GSSG, along with pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α, were measured using ELISA kits. Additionally, a histological evaluation of the tissue samples was performed. Acetaminophen causes increases in the levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, TBARS, TOS, GSSG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α in serum, liver, and kidney tissue. Meanwhile, it led to a decrease in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, TAS, and GSH. Losartan injection reversed oxidative and inflammatory damage induced by acetaminophen. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were alleviated by losartan. The substance GW9662 increased the protective effect of losartan. In light of all the data obtained from our study, it can be said that losartan has a protective effect on liver and kidney damage induced by acetaminophen due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In terms of the study, losartan was found to be an alternative substance that could protect people from the harmful effects of acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Şahin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Çakmak Aydın
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yeşim Göçmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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Fooladi M, Cheki M, Shirazi A, Sheikhzadeh P, Amirrashedi M, Ghahramani F, Khoobi M. Histopathological Evaluation of Protective Effect of Telmisartan against Radiation-Induced Bone Marrow Injury. J Biomed Phys Eng 2022; 12:277-284. [PMID: 35698535 PMCID: PMC9175127 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2012-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced hematopoietic suppression and myelotoxicity can occur due to the nuclear accidents, occupational irradiation and therapeutic interventions. Bone marrow dysfunction has always been one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality after ionizing irradiation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the protective effect of telmisartan against radiation-induced bone marrow injuries in a Balb/c mouse model. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this experimental study, male Balb/c mice were divided into four groups as follow: group 1: mice received phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without irradiation, group 2: mice received a solution of telmisartan in PBS without irradiation, group 3: mice received PBS with irradiation, and group 4: mice received a solution of telmisartan in PBS with irradiation. A solution of telmisartan was prepared and administered orally at 12 mg/kg body weight for seven consecutive days prior to whole body exposing to a single sub-lethal dose of 5 Gy X-rays. Protection of bone marrow against radiation induced damage was investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining assay at 3, 9, 15 and 30 days after irradiation. RESULTS Histopathological analysis indicated that administration of telmisartan reduced X-radiation-induced damage and improved bone marrow histology. The number of different cell types in bone marrow, including polymorphonuclear /mononuclear cells and megakaryocytes significantly increased in telmisartan treated group compared to the only irradiated group at all-time points. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated an efficient radioprotective effect of telmisartan in mouse bone marrow against sub-lethal X-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Fooladi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Cheki
- PhD, Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Shirazi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Sheikhzadeh
- PhD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Amirrashedi
- PhD Candidate, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD Candidate, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahramani
- MSc, Radiotherapy-Oncology Center, Yas Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- PhD, Biomaterials Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- PhD, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Protective mechanisms of telmisartan against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats may involve PPARγ-induced TLR4/NF-κB suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112374. [PMID: 34915671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an important cause of liver damage in many clinical situations. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is an inflammatory pathway activated in hepatic I/R injury. Telmisartan, a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) partial agonist, can inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The present work investigated the possible protective effect of telmisartan against hepatic I/R injury and explored its possible mechanisms in rats. Rats were divided into four equal groups: sham-operated control, telmisartan-treated sham-operated control, I/R untreated, and I/R telmisartan-treated groups. Hepatic injury was evaluated biochemically by serum activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and histopathological examination. Hepatic oxidative stress biomarkers, myeloperoxidase level, PPARγ and TLR4 mRNA expression, and NF-κB and active caspase 3 immunoexpression were determined. The study showed that telmisartan attenuated hepatic I/R, as evidenced by decreased serum ALT and AST activities and confirmed by improvement of the histopathological changes. The protective effect of telmisartan was associated with modulation of oxidative stress parameters, myeloperoxidase level, PPARγ and TLR4 mRNA expression, and NF-κB and caspase 3 immunoexpression. Taken together, the current study showed that telmisartan could protect the rat liver from I/R injury. This hepatoprotective effect was attributed to, at least in part, increase in PPARγ expression and suppression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Balera Brito VG, Patrocinio MS, Alves Barreto AE, Tfaile Frasnelli SC, Lara VS, Santos CF, Penha Oliveira SH. Telmisartan impairs the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells from spontaneously hypertensive male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174609. [PMID: 34743978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Telmisartan (TELM) is an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, with partial agonism for Pparg, and has been shown to affect bone metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TELM in the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). BMSC were obtained from male SHR, and the osteogenic medium (OM) was added to the cells concomitantly with TELM (0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 μM). Undifferentiated BMSC, in control medium (CM), showed an increased viability, while the addition of OM reduced this parameter, and TELM did not show cytotoxicity in the concentrations used. BMSC in OM had an alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity peak at d10, which decreased at d14 and d21, and TELM reduced ALP at d10 in a dose-dependent manner. Mineralization was observed in the OM at d14, which intensified at d21, but was inhibited by TELM. Agtr1b was increased in the OM, and TELM inhibited its expression. TELM reduced Opn, Ocn, and Bsp and increased Pparg expression, and at the higher concentration TELM also increased the expression of adipogenic markers, Fabp4 and Adipoq. In addition, TELM 0.5 μM increased Irs1 and Glut4, insulin and glucose metabolism markers, known to be regulated by Pparg and to be related to adipogenic phenotype. Our data shows that TELM inhibited the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of SHR BMSC, by favoring an adipogenic prone phenotype due to Pparg upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil; Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Li C, Guo J, Xu B, Xue L. Telmisartan attenuates human glioblastoma cells proliferation and oncogenicity by inducing the lipid oxidation. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021; 18:217-223. [PMID: 33945216 PMCID: PMC9290901 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most common primary brain tumors, which accounts up to 80% of malignant brain tumors and the 5‐year relative survival rate is below 5%. Recent studies showed that the lipid metabolism played an essential role in GBM development. As a peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptors γ (PPAR‐γ) agonist, telmisartan improves the lipid metabolism and has been used to treat hypertension for long time. It has also been shown to have anticancer function, such as in lung cancer and melanoma. Methods Incucyte real‐time live cell imaging system was used to assess the effect of telmisartan on glioma cell lines U87 and U251 proliferation. Transwell assay and colony formation assay were conducted to detect the effect of telmisartan on oncogenicity of GBM cell lines. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis were used to detect the effect of telmisartan on the expression of PPAR‐γ and hydroxyacyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHA). Results We demonstrate that telmisartan inhibits two glioma cell lines U87 and U251 proliferation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, and arrests the cell cycle at S phase. We further show that telmisartan decreases the oncogenicity of GBM cell lines. Our data show that telmisartan treatment significantly increases the PPAR‐γ expression level, enhances the lipid oxidation, and upregulates the level of fatty acid oxidation key enzyme HADHA. Conclusions Telmisartan inhibits the proliferation and oncogenicity while it also increases the lipid oxidation of human GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tengrui Zhang
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Center for Hypertension Care, Shanxi Medical University First Hospital, Taiyuan, China.,Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Baohui Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Huang R, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu H. PPARγ in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Overview of the Biology and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:600618. [PMID: 33995008 PMCID: PMC8117354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.600618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a complex pathophysiological process that is often characterized as a blood circulation disorder caused due to various factors (such as traumatic shock, surgery, organ transplantation, burn, and thrombus). Severe metabolic dysregulation and tissue structure destruction are observed upon restoration of blood flow to the ischemic tissue. Theoretically, IRI can occur in various tissues and organs, including the kidney, liver, myocardium, and brain, among others. The advances made in research regarding restoring tissue perfusion in ischemic areas have been inadequate with regard to decreasing the mortality and infarct size associated with IRI. Hence, the clinical treatment of patients with severe IRI remains a thorny issue. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a member of a superfamily of nuclear transcription factors activated by agonists and is a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating IRI. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of PPARγ in IRI. The protective effects of PPARγ, such as attenuating oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and antagonizing apoptosis, are described, envisaging certain therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Honglin Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Garg S, Khan SI, Malhotra RK, Sharma MK, Kumar M, Kaur P, Nag TC, Ray R, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Cardioprotective effects of azilsartan compared with that of telmisartan on an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22785. [PMID: 33860986 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azilsartan is found to be more potent than other angiotensin receptor blockers in reducing blood pressure. However, its effect on the heart following myocardial infarction remains to be established. For the first time, we investigated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonistic and cardioprotective properties of azilsartan. Computational modeling studies of interactions between azilsartan and PPAR-γ revealed azilsartan as an agonist of PPAR-γ and showed the mechanism of azilsartan in cardioprotection. Our study compared the cardioprotective potential of telmisartan to that of azilsartan in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by comparing their antioxidant, ant apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-modulating ability, and PPAR-γ agonistic activity. Male Wistar rats were grouped into four to receive vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [0.05%] 2 ml/kg) telmisartan (10 mg/kg p.o.), azilsartan (10 mg/kg p.o.) or azilsartan with specific PPAR-γ blocker, GW 9662 for 28 days. Ischemia was induced for 45 min on the 29th day followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Telmisartan and azilsartan pretreatment significantly nearly normalized cardiac parameters and preserved structural changes. Both drugs inhibited oxidative burst, inflammation, as well as cell death by modulating apoptotic protein expression along with reduction in 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells. An increment in pro-survival kinase ERK paralleled with a reduction in p38 and JNK was also revealed by MAPK pathway studies, after administration of these drugs. Interestingly, the aforementioned changes induced by both drugs were reversed by administration of the specific PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662. However, we found that azilsartan upregulated PPAR-γ to a lesser extent as compared to telmisartan and the latter may be preferred in hypertensive patients at risk of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanky Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Malhotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biosphysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biosphysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Sha NN, Zhang JL, Poon CCW, Li WX, Li Y, Wang YF, Shi W, Lin FH, Lin WP, Wang YJ, Zhang Y. Differential responses of bone to angiotensin II and angiotensin(1-7): beneficial effects of ANG(1-7) on bone with exposure to high glucose. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E55-E70. [PMID: 33103451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00158.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, diabetes, and hypertension are common concurrent chronic disorders. This study aimed to explore the respective effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) and angiotensin(1-7) [ANG(1-7)], active peptides in the renin-angiotensin system, on osteoblasts and osteoclasts under high-glucose level, as well as to investigate the osteo-preservative effects of ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker and ANG(1-7) in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). ANG II and ANG(1-7), respectively, decreased and increased the formation of calcified nodules and alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells under high-glucose level, and respectively stimulated and inhibited the number of matured osteoclasts and pit resorptive area in RANKL-induced bone marrow macrophages. Olmesartan and Mas receptor antagonist A779 could abolish those effects. ANG II and ANG(1-7), respectively, downregulated and upregulated the expressions of osteogenesis factors in MC3T3-E1 cells. ANG II promoted the expressions of cathepsin K and MMP9 in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas ANG(1-7) repressed these osteoclastogenesis factors. ANG II rapidly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 in RAW 264.7 cells, whereas ANG(1-7) markedly reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK under high-glucose condition. After treatments of diabetic SHR with valsartan and ANG(1-7), a significant increase in trabecular bone area, bone mineral density, and mechanical strength was only found in the ANG(1-7)-treated group. Treatment with ANG(1-7) significantly suppressed the increase in renin expression and ANG II content in the bone of SHR. Taken together, ANG II/AT1R and ANG(1-7)/Mas distinctly regulated the differentiation and functions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts upon exposure to high-glucose condition. ANG(1-7) could protect SHR from diabetes-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Sha
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Li Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Christina Chui-Wa Poon
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Li
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- National TCM Clinical Research Base of Hypertension, the affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- National TCM Clinical Research Base of Hypertension, the affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, China
| | - Fu-Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopaedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Spine Disease Research Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Brito VGB, Patrocinio MS, de Sousa MCL, Barreto AEA, Frasnelli SCT, Lara VS, Santos CF, Oliveira SHP. Telmisartan Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss by Decreasing the Expression of Osteoclasts Markers in Hypertensive Rats With Periodontal Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579926. [PMID: 33364953 PMCID: PMC7751694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) is a prevalent inflammatory disease with the most severe consequence being the loss of the alveolar bone and teeth. We therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of telmisartan (TELM), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (Agtr1) antagonist, on the PD-induced alveolar bone loss, in Wistar (W) and Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHRs). PD was induced by ligating the lower first molars with silk, and 10 mg/kg TELM was concomitantly administered for 15 days. The hemimandibles were subjected to microtomography, ELISA was used for detecting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), CXCL3, and CCL2, while qRT-PCR was used for analyzing expression of components of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (Agt, Ace, Agt1r, Agt2r, Ace2, and Masr), and bone markers (Runx2, Osx, Catnb, Alp, Col1a1, Opn, Ocn, Bsp, Bmp2, Trap, Rank, Rankl, CtsK, Mmp-2, Mmp-9, and osteoclast-associated receptor (Oscar)). The SHR + PD group showed greater alveolar bone loss than the W + PD group, what was significantly inhibited by treatment with TELM, especially in the SHR group. Additionally, TELM reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL3 in the SHR group. The expression of Agt increased in the groups with PD, while Agtr2 reduced, and TELM reduced the expression of Agtr1 and increased the expression of Agtr2, in W and SHRs. PD did not induce major changes in the expression of bone formation markers, except for the expression of Alp, which decreased in the PD groups. The bone resorption markers expression, Mmp9, Ctsk, and Vtn, was higher in the SHR + PD group, compared to the respective control and W + PD group. However, TELM attenuated these changes and increased the expression of Runx2 and Alp. Our study suggested that TELM has a protective effect on the progression of PD, especially in hypertensive animals, as evaluated by the resorption of the lower alveolar bone. This can be partly explained by the modulation in the expression of Angiotensin II receptors (AT1R and AT2R), reduced production of inflammatory mediators, the reduced expression of resorption markers, and the increased expression of the bone formation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gustavo Balera Brito
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sousa Patrocinio
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Linjardi de Sousa
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Ayná Emanuelli Alves Barreto
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Cruz Tfaile Frasnelli
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Soares Lara
- Department of Stomatology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biological Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil.,Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Tripathi PK, Soni A, Singh Yadav SP, Kumar A, Gaurav N, Raghavendhar S, Sharma P, Sunil S, Ashish, Jayaram B, Patel AK. Evaluation of novobiocin and telmisartan for anti-CHIKV activity. Virology 2020; 548:250-260. [PMID: 32791353 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya has re-emerged as an epidemic with global distribution and high morbidity, necessitating the need for effective therapeutics. We utilized already approved drugs with a good safety profile used in other diseases for their new property of anti-chikungunya activity. It provides a base for a fast and efficient approach to bring a novel therapy from bench to bedside by the process of drug-repositioning. We utilized an in-silico drug screening with FDA approved molecule library to identify inhibitors of the chikungunya nsP2 protease, a multifunctional and essential non-structural protein required for virus replication. Telmisartan, an anti-hypertension drug, and the antibiotic novobiocin emerged among top hits on the screen. Further, SPR experiments revealed strong in-vitro binding of telmisartan and novobiocin to nsP2 protein. Additionally, small angle x-ray scattering suggested binding of molecules to nsP2 and post-binding compaction and retention of monomeric state in the protein-inhibitor complex. Protease activity measurement revealed that both compounds inhibited nsP2 protease activity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. More importantly, plaque formation assays could show the effectiveness of these drugs in suppressing virus propagation in host cells. We propose novobiocin and telmisartan as potential inhibitors of chikungunya replication. Further research is required to establish the molecules as antivirals of clinical relevance against chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Tripathi
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | | | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitika Gaurav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Siva Raghavendhar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector-Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Bhyravabhotla Jayaram
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Supercomputing Facility for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Patel
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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11
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Sridharan K, Sivaramakrishnan G, Sequeira RP, Elamin A. Pharmacological interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94:556-565. [PMID: 30341231 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Several drugs have been used for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study is a network meta-analysis of such drugs. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS Randomised clinical trials comparing drug interventions in patients with NAFLD were analysed. OR and weighted mean difference (95 % CI) were the effect estimates for categorical and numerical outcomes, respectively. Random-effects model was used to generate pooled estimates. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve was used to rank the treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of responders was the primary outcome measure and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis scores, liver enzymes, lipid profile, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, intrahepatic fat and adverse events were the key secondary outcomes. RESULTS 116 studies were included in the systematic review and 106 in the meta-analysis. Elafibranor, gemfibrozil, metadoxine, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline, pioglitazone, probiotics, telmisartan, vildagliptin and vitamin E significantly increased the response rate than standard of care. Various other drugs were observed to modify the secondary outcomes favourably. Probiotics was found with a better response in children; and elafibranor, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The quality of evidence observed was either low or very low. CONCLUSION In patients with NAFLD, several drugs have been shown to have variable therapeutic benefit. However, the estimates and the inferences should be considered with extreme caution as it might change with the advent of future head-to-head clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Sridharan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Gowri Sivaramakrishnan
- School of Oral Health, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Suva, Fiji
| | - Reginald Paul Sequeira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Abdelaziz Elamin
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
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12
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Feng L, Liu W, Yang J, Wang Q, Wen S. Effect of Hexadecyl Azelaoyl Phosphatidylcholine on Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Hypothesis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2661-2667. [PMID: 29706617 PMCID: PMC5949054 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia can induce cardiomyocyte death, known as myocardial reperfusion injury. The pathophysiology of the process of reperfusion suggests the confluence multiple pathways. Recent studies have focused on the inflammatory response, which is considered to be the main mechanism during the process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and can cause cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma activated by endogenous ligands and exogenous ligand can decrease the inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes. Thiazolidinediones are synthetic, high-affinity, selective ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma, and can inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease myocardial infarct size, and protect cardiac function. However, thiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, can also contribute to adverse cardiovascular events such as congestive heart failure. Therefore, there are some limitations to the use of thiazolidinediones. Most endogenous ligands were of low affinity until hexadecyl azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine was identified as a high-affinity ligand and agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma. Hexadecyl azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine binds recombinant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors with an affinity (Kd(app) ≈40 nM) which is equivalent to rosiglitazone. Therefore, hexadecyl azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine is a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma agonist. Given these findings, we hypothesized that the use of hexadecyl azelaoyl phosphatidylcholine can activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma signal pathways and prevent the inflammatory response process of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Wennan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianzhou Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shiwu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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13
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Mahajan UB, Patil PD, Chandrayan G, Patil CR, Agrawal YO, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Eplerenone pretreatment protects the myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-dependent pathway in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 446:91-103. [PMID: 29356989 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the eplerenone-induced, PI3K/Akt- and GSK-3β-mediated cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats. The study groups comprising diabetic rats were treated for 14 days with 150 mg/kg/day eplerenone orally and 1 mg/kg wortmannin (PI3K/Akt antagonist) intraperitoneally with eplerenone. On the 15th day, the rats were exposed to I/R injury by 20-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The hearts were processed for biochemical, molecular, and histological investigations. The I/R injury in diabetic rats inflicted a significant rise in the oxidative stress and apoptosis along with a decrease in the arterial and ventricular function and the expressions of PI3K/Akt and GSK-3β proteins. Eplerenone pretreatment reduced the arterial pressure, cardiac inotropy, and lusitropy. It significantly reduced apoptosis and cardiac injury markers. The histology revealed cardioprotection in eplerenone-treated rats. Eplerenone up-regulated the PI3K/Akt and reduced the GSK-3β expression. The group receiving wortmannin with eplerenone was deprived eplerenone-induced cardioprotection. Our results reveal the eplerenone-induced cardioprotection against I/R injury in diabetic rats and substantiate the involvement of PI3K/Akt and GSK-3β pathways in its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh B Mahajan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Pradip D Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Govind Chandrayan
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Chandragouda R Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Yogeeta O Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 425405, India. .,Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424 001, India.
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14
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Sengupta P, Chatterjee B, Pal TK. Assessment of preclinical pharmacokinetics and acute toxicity of pioglitazone and telmisartan combination. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 91:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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15
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Sengupta P, Chatterjee B, Mandal UK, Gorain B, Pal TK. Development and validation of a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of pioglitazone and telmisartan in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Anal 2017; 7:381-387. [PMID: 29404063 PMCID: PMC5790748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes demands special attention due to their co-existence. Pioglitazone (PIO) and telmisartan (TLM) combination can be beneficial in effective control of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. In this research, we developed and validated a high throughput LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of PIO and TLM in rat plasma. This developed method is more sensitive and can quantitate the analytes in relatively shorter period of time compared to the previously reported methods for their individual quantification. Moreover, till date, there is no bioanalytical method available to simultaneously quantitate PIO and TLM in a single run. The method was validated according to the USFDA guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. A linear response of the analytes was observed over the range of 0.005-10 µg/mL with satisfactory precision and accuracy. Accuracy at four quality control levels was within 94.27%-106.10%. The intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 2.32%-10.14 and 5.02%-8.12%, respectively. The method was reproducible and sensitive enough to quantitate PIO and TLM in rat plasma samples of a preclinical pharmacokinetic study. Due to the potential of PIO-TLM combination to be therapeutically explored, this method is expected to have significant usefulness in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Uttam Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Tapan Kumar Pal
- Bioequivalence Study Centre, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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16
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Ferrario CM, Mullick AE. Renin angiotensin aldosterone inhibition in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:57-71. [PMID: 28571891 PMCID: PMC5648016 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A collective century of discoveries establishes the importance of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in maintaining blood pressure, fluid volume and electrolyte homeostasis via autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling. While research continues to yield new functions of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), the gap between basic research and clinical application of these new findings is widening. As data accumulates on the efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers as drugs of fundamental importance in the treatment of cardiovascular and renal disorders, it is becoming apparent that the achieved clinical benefits is suboptimal and surprisingly no different than what can be achieved with other therapeutic interventions. We discuss this issue and summarize new pathways and mechanisms effecting the synthesis and actions of angiotensin II. The presence of renin-independent non-canonical pathways for angiotensin II production are largely unaffected by agents inhibiting renin angiotensin system activity. Hence, new efforts should be directed to develop drugs that can effectively block the synthesis and/or action of intracellular angiotensin II. Improved drug penetration into cardiac or renal sites of disease, inhibiting chymase the primary angiotensin II forming enzyme in the human heart, and/or inhibiting angiotensinogen synthesis would all be more effective strategies to inhibit the system. Additionally, given the role of angiotensin II in the maintenance of renal homeostatic mechanisms, any new inhibitor should possess greater selectivity of targeting pathogenic angiotensin II signaling processes and thereby limit inappropriate inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ferrario
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest University Health Science, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Cardiovascular Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, United States
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17
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Platt C, Coward RJ. Peroxisome proliferator activating receptor-γ and the podocyte. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:423-433. [PMID: 27697843 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades it has become clear that the glomerular podocyte is a key cell in preventing albuminuria, kidney failure and cardiovascular morbidity. Understanding the key pathways that protect the podocyte in times of glomerular stress, which can also be therapeutically manipulated, are highly attractive. In the following review we assess the evidence that the peroxisome proliferator activating receptor (PPAR) agonists are beneficial for podocyte and kidney function with a focus on PPAR-γ. We explain our current understanding of the mechanisms of action of these agonists and the evidence they are beneficial in diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease. We also outline why these drugs have not been widely used for kidney disease in the past but they may be in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard J Coward
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
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18
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Han J, Wang D, Ye L, Li P, Hao W, Chen X, Ma J, Wang B, Shang J, Li D, Zheng Q. Rosmarinic Acid Protects against Inflammation and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Activating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:456. [PMID: 28744220 PMCID: PMC5504166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury greatly influences the therapeutic effect and remains an urgent challenge in clinical therapy. Polypharmacology opens a new therapeutic opportunity to design drugs with a specific target for improving the efficacy. In this study, we first forecasted that Rosmarinic acid (RosA) could be used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease using text mining, chemometric and chemogenomic methods. Consistent with the effect of the positive drug (pioglitazone, PIO), we subsequently validated that RosA pretreatment could restore the decreased cardiac hemodynamic parameters (LVDP, ± dp/dtmin, ± dp/dtmax and CF), decreased the infarct size and the cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of cardiac I/R injury. Furthermore, RosA pre-treatment inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and CRP), up-regulated PPARγ expression and down-regulated NF-κB expression in myocardial tissue isolated from the rat model of I/R-induced myocardial injury. In addition, the effects of RosA were reversed by co-treatment with PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 and T0070907, respectively. These data suggest that RosA attenuates cardiac injury through activating PPARγ and down-regulating NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway, which inhibiting inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of cardiac I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Han
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong UniversityJinan, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Arts and Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical UniversityYantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi UniversityShihezi, China
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19
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Chiu CT, Kuo SN, Hung SW, Yang CY. Combined Treatment with Hyaluronic Acid and Mesalamine Protects Rats from Inflammatory Bowel Disease Induced by Intracolonic Administration of Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060904. [PMID: 28556814 PMCID: PMC6152619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs such as mesalamine (5-ASA) are currently recommended for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To reduce the frequency of their administration and improve their therapeutic effect, this study investigated the adhesion efficacy, wound healing promotion, and decrease in inflammation in ulcers in the colonic tissue of rats with colitis after combined treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA) and 5-ASA (IBD98-M). HA-fluoresceinamine (FL) conjugates successfully adhered to the mucosal layer and were conjugated in the vascular tissue. In addition, macroscopic and microscopic observations indicated that colonic injuries reduced significantly after treatment with IBD98-M. Compared with PBS and 5-ASA treatment alone, treatment with IBD98-M more effectively reduced bowel inflammation and promoted colonic mucosal healing in TNBS-induced colitis. IBD98-M treatment also reduced myeloperoxidase activity and the expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the colitis tissue. In conclusion, IBD98-M treatment strongly promoted wound healing in colonic injuries and significantly inhibited MPO activity in the inflamed colon tissue of rats. Combined treatment with HA and 5-ASA can accelerate wound healing and reduce inflammatory reaction in rat colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Nan Kuo
- Holy Stone Healthcare Co., Ltd., Taipei 11493, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Wen Hung
- Division of Animal Resource, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Yao Yang
- Division of Animal Resource, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan.
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20
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Michel MC, Brunner HR, Foster C, Huo Y. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:1-81. [PMID: 27130806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin-angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after discontinuation of treatment. This translates into a reduced mortality, particularly in models exhibiting marked hypertension. The retrieved data on vascular, cardiac and renal function and morphology as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism are discussed to address three main questions: 1. Can ARB effects on blood vessels, heart, kidney and metabolic function be explained by blood pressure lowering alone or are they additionally directly related to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system? 2. Are they shared by other inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors? 3. Are some effects specific for one or more compounds within the ARB class? Taken together these data profile ARBs as a drug class with unique properties that have beneficial effects far beyond those on blood pressure reduction and, in some cases distinct from those of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The clinical relevance of angiotensin receptor-independent effects of some ARBs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Dept. Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Dept. Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany.
| | | | - Carolyn Foster
- Retiree from Dept. of Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yong Huo
- Dept. Cardiology & Heart Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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21
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Atawia RT, Esmat A, Elsherbiny DA, El-Demerdash E. Telmisartan ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 32:359-370. [PMID: 26929000 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem T. Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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22
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Zhang J, Rudemiller NP, Patel MB, Wei Q, Karlovich NS, Jeffs AD, Wu M, Sparks MA, Privratsky JR, Herrera M, Gurley SB, Nedospasov SA, Crowley SD. Competing Actions of Type 1 Angiotensin II Receptors Expressed on T Lymphocytes and Kidney Epithelium during Cisplatin-Induced AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2257-64. [PMID: 26744488 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to many CKDs. However, the role of the RAS in modulating AKI requires elucidation, particularly because stimulating type 1 angiotensin II (AT1) receptors in the kidney or circulating inflammatory cells can have opposing effects on the generation of inflammatory mediators that underpin the pathogenesis of AKI. For example, TNF-α is a fundamental driver of cisplatin nephrotoxicity, and generation of TNF-α is suppressed or enhanced by AT1 receptor signaling in T lymphocytes or the distal nephron, respectively. In this study, cell tracking experiments with CD4-Cre mT/mG reporter mice revealed robust infiltration of T lymphocytes into the kidney after cisplatin injection. Notably, knockout of AT1 receptors on T lymphocytes exacerbated the severity of cisplatin-induced AKI and enhanced the cisplatin-induced increase in TNF-α levels locally within the kidney and in the systemic circulation. In contrast, knockout of AT1 receptors on kidney epithelial cells ameliorated the severity of AKI and suppressed local and systemic TNF-α production induced by cisplatin. Finally, disrupting TNF-α production specifically within the renal tubular epithelium attenuated the AKI and the increase in circulating TNF-α levels induced by cisplatin. These results illustrate discrepant tissue-specific effects of RAS stimulation on cisplatin nephrotoxicity and raise the concern that inflammatory mediators produced by renal parenchymal cells may influence the function of remote organs by altering systemic cytokine levels. Our findings suggest selective inhibition of AT1 receptors within the nephron as a promising intervention for protecting patients from cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - QingQing Wei
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | | | | | - Min Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Helmy MM, Helmy MW, El-Mas MM. Additive Renoprotection by Pioglitazone and Fenofibrate against Inflammatory, Oxidative and Apoptotic Manifestations of Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity: Modulation by PPARs. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142303. [PMID: 26536032 PMCID: PMC4633146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect for the antineoplastic drug cisplatin. Here, we employed pharmacological, biochemical, and molecular studies to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with a single i.p. dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) alone or combined with pioglitazone (PPARγ agonist), fenofibrate (PPARα agonist), pioglitazone plus fenofibrate, or thalidomide (Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor; TNF-α). Cisplatin nephrotoxicity was evidenced by rises in renal indices of functional (blood urea nitrogen, BUN, and creatinine), inflammatory (TNF-α, interleukin 6, IL-6), oxidative (increased malondialdehyde, MDA, and decreased superoxide dismutase, SOD and nitric oxide metabolites, NOx), apoptotic (caspase 3), and histological (glomerular atrophy, acute tubular necrosis and vacuolation) profiles. Cisplatin effects were partly abolished upon concurrent exposure to pioglitazone, fenofibrate, or thalidomide; more renoprotection was observed in rats treated with pioglitazaone plus fenofibrate. Immunostaining showed that renal expressions of PPARα and PPARγ were reduced by cisplatin and restored to vehicle-treated values after simultaneous treatment with pioglitazone or fenofibrate. Fenofibrate or pioglitazone renoprotection remained unaltered after concurrent blockade of PPARα (GW6471) and PPARγ (GW9662), respectively. To complement the rat studies, we also report that in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293 cells), increases caused by cisplatin in inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative biomarkers were (i) partly improved after exposure to pioglitazone, fenofibrate, or thalidomide, and (ii) completely disappeared in cells treated with a combination of all three drugs. These data establish that the combined use of pioglitazone and fenofibrate additively improved manifestations of cisplatin nephrotoxicity through perhaps GW6471/GW9662-insensitive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Apigenin Attenuates β-Receptor-Stimulated Myocardial Injury Via Safeguarding Cardiac Functions and Escalation of Antioxidant Defence System. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 16:286-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-015-9336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Agrawal YO, Sharma PK, Shrivastava B, Ojha S, Upadhya HM, Arya DS, Goyal SN. Hesperidin produces cardioprotective activity via PPAR-γ pathway in ischemic heart disease model in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111212. [PMID: 25369053 PMCID: PMC4219710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of hesperidin, a natural flavonoid, in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats with diabetes were divided into five groups and were orally administered saline once daily (IR-sham and IR-control), Hesperidin (100 mg/kg/day; IR-Hesperidin), GW9962 (PPAR-γ receptor antagonist), or combination of both for 14 days. On the 15th day, in the IR-control and IR-treatment groups, rats were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion for 45 minutes followed by a one-hour reperfusion. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded and rats were sacrificed; hearts were isolated for biochemical, histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemistry. In the IR-control group, significant ventricular dysfunctions were observed along with enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. A decline in cardiac injury markers lactate dehydrogenase activity, CK-MB and increased content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and TNF-α were observed. Hesperidin pretreatment significantly improved mean arterial pressure, reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and improved both inotropic and lusitropic function of the heart (+LVdP/dt and –LVdP/dt) as compared to IR-control. Furthermore, hesperidin treatment significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and reversed the activity of lactate dehydrogenase towards normal value. Hesperidin showed anti-apoptotic effects by upregulating Bcl-2 protein and decreasing Bax protein expression. Additionally, histopathological and ultrastructural studies reconfirmed the protective action of hesperidin. On the other hand, GW9662, selective PPAR-γ receptor antagonist, produced opposite effects and attenuated the hesperidin induced improvements. The study for the first time evidence the involvement of PPAR-γ pathway in the cardioprotective activity of hesperidin in I/R model in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeeta O. Agrawal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail: (PKS); (SG)
| | - Birendra Shrivastava
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail: (PKS); (SG)
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Bahi A, Nurulain SM, Ojha S. Ethanol intake and ethanol-conditioned place preference are reduced in mice treated with the bioflavonoid agent naringin. Alcohol 2014; 48:677-85. [PMID: 25288222 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, PPAR-γ activation has emerged as a potential treatment for alcoholism. However, the adverse effects of synthetic PPAR-γ activators, despite being effective drugs, prompted the need for novel PPAR-γ agonists that retain efficacy and potency with a lower potential of side effects. Hence, naringin, a bioflavonoid isolated from citrus fruits and recently identified as a natural ligand of PPAR-γ, has begun to be evaluated for treatment of alcoholism. It is well known to possess several therapeutic benefits in addition to its anti-anxiety and antidepressant properties. In the present study, we assessed whether naringin treatment possesses anti-ethanol reward properties in C57BL/6 mice. We used the two-bottle choice drinking paradigm and ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) to examine the effect of naringin treatment on ethanol drinking. Results have shown that, compared with vehicle, naringin (10-100 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently decreased voluntary ethanol intake and preference in a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm [3-15% (v/v) escalating over 2 weeks], with no significant effect observed on saccharin [0.02-0.08% (w/v)] or on quinine [15-60 μM (w/v)] intake. In addition, there was no significant difference in blood ethanol concentration (BEC) between groups following naringin administration of 3 g of ethanol/kg body weight. Interestingly, when mice were treated with vehicle or naringin (30 mg/kg) before injection of ethanol (1.5 g/kg) during conditioning days, naringin inhibited the acquisition of ethanol-CPP. More importantly, these effects were significantly attenuated when mice were pre-injected with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) antagonist, GW9662. Taken together, the present findings are the first to implicate naringin and PPAR-γ receptors in the behavioral and reward-related effects of ethanol and raise the question of whether specific drugs that target PPAR-γ receptors could potentially reduce excessive ethanol consumption and preference.
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Ren-an Q, Juan L, Chuyuan L, Wenjuan F, Chunyan H, Xuemei Y, Lin H, Hong N. Study of the protective mechanisms of Compound Danshen Tablet (Fufang Danshen Pian) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via the Akt-eNOS signaling pathway in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:190-198. [PMID: 25178948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Danshen Tablet (CDT), an herbal preparation consisting of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Radix and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.), Notoginseng (Radix and rhizome of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen) and Borneolum Syntheticum, is widely used to improve coronary heart disease, cardiac angina and atherosclerosis in clinic in Asia and Pacific Ocean area, especially in China. AIM The study is to research the protective mechanisms of Compound Danshen Tablet (CDT) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury via the Akt-eNOS signaling Pathway in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were randomized into 7 groups: Sham group; Model group; Low-Dose CDT group (0.315 g/kg/d, i.g); Middle-Dose CDT group (0.63 g/kg/d, i.g); High-Dose CDT group (1.26 g/kg/d, i.g); Compound Danshen Dripping Pills (CDDP) group (0.0945 g/kg/d, i.g); Sulfotanshinone Sodium Injection (Tan II A) group (5 mg/kg/d, i.m). After the administration, the hearts of the rats were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 2h of reperfusion except the Sham group rats. RESULTS CDT significantly decreased infarct size, apoptosis, caspase-3 protein expression, MDA level in myocardial tissues, the activities of serum CK, LDH and cTnI; on the contrary, it increased p-Akt, p-eNOS, bcl-2 protein expression, the activities of SOD and tissue LDH, and the level of NO. CONCLUSIONS CDT can protect cardiomyocytes against MI/R injury and inhibits apoptosis in rats by activating Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ren-an
- Guangzhou General Medicine & Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lin Juan
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Chuyuan
- Guangzhou General Medicine & Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Fu Wenjuan
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Huang Chunyan
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yu Xuemei
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Huang Lin
- Guangzhou General Medicine & Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Nie Hong
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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Koh EJ, Yoon SJ, Lee SM. Losartan protects liver against ischaemia/reperfusion injury through PPAR-γ activation and receptor for advanced glycation end-products down-regulation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1404-16. [PMID: 23647130 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE PPAR-γ has been reported to be a protective regulator in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) plays a major role in the innate immune response, and its expression is associated with PPAR-γ activation. Several angiotensin receptor blockers possess partial agonist activities towards PPAR-γ. Therefore, this study investigated the action of losartan, particularly with regard to PPAR-γ activation and RAGE signalling pathways during hepatic I/R. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were subjected to 60 min of ischaemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Losartan (0.1, 1, 3 and 10 mg · kg⁻¹) was administered 1 h prior to ischaemia and immediately before reperfusion. GW9662, a PPAR-γ antagonist, was administered 30 min prior to first pretreatment with losartan. KEY RESULTS Losartan enhanced the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-γ in I/R. Losartan attenuated the increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and nuclear concentrations of NF-κB in I/R. GW9662 reversed these beneficial effects. Losartan caused a decrease in apoptosis as assessed by TUNEL assay, in release of cytochrome c and in cleavage of caspase-3, and these effects were abolished by GW9662 administration. Losartan attenuated not only I/R-induced RAGE overexpression, but also its downstream early growth response protein-1-dependent macrophage inflammatory protein 2 level; phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK; and subsequent c-Jun phosphorylation. GW9662 reversed these effects of losartan administration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that losartan ameliorates I/R-induced liver damage through PPAR-γ activation and down-regulation of the RAGE signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Koh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Protective effects of crocetin pretreatment on myocardial injury in an ischemia/reperfusion rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 741:290-6. [PMID: 25176181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Crocetin is one of the major active constituents of saffron extract, and it is a carotenoid compound that prevents reactive oxygen species and has anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis characteristics. This study aims to investigate whether crocetin repairs myocardial damage in vivo after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and the mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective effects. Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: Sham, I/R, CRO. Crocetin (50mg/kg/day, i.g.) or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) was intragastrically administered to Wistar rats for 7 days before operation. Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) was induced by occluding the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 45min and subsequent reperfusion for 3h. The cardioprotective effects of crocetin were evaluated by biochemical values, histopathological observations and the antiapoptotic relative proteins and gene expressions. In the rat model, pretreatment with 50mg/kg crocetin reduced the cardiac injury, oxidative stress and inflammation compared with that of the non-treated rats, as shown by the decreased levels of infarct size, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) activity and the increased levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and inflammation cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) activity. Crocetin activation also decreases the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining positive percentage and Bax expression, elevated Bcl-2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitrite (NO) production, these indicating that crocetin can suppress the apoptosis damage. These results indicate that crocetin can provide protection against MIRI in rats by inhibiting ROS production, blocking inflammation, and reducing myocardium apoptosis.
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Shishkova VN. The mechanisms of developmentcardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: the role of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hypoadiponektinemia. Treatment and management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.26442/sg29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current paradigm, the primary insulin resistance plays a central role in the development of not only diabetes but also associated with cardiovascular complications, such as arterial hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart failure, atrial fibrillation. Defense mechanism involves the secretion of adiponectin from adipoctyes and thus helps to block the development of these diseases. Modern antihypertensive treatment options of angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan show that, telmisartan can be used in patients with arterial hypertension because of improving insulin resistance and increasing adiponectin levels.
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Telmisartan attenuates colon inflammation, oxidative perturbations and apoptosis in a rat model of experimental inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97193. [PMID: 24831514 PMCID: PMC4022743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated the implication of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) via its proinflammatory features. Telmisartan (TLM) is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist with marked anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions that mediated its cardio-, reno- and hepatoprotective actions. However, its impact on IBD has not been previously explored. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential alleviating effects of TLM in tri-nitrobenezene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Pretreatment with TLM (10 mg/kg p.o.) attenuated the severity of colitis as evidenced by decrease of disease activity index (DAI), colon weight/length ratio, macroscopic damage, histopathological findings and leukocyte migration. TLM suppressed the inflammatory response via attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as a marker of neutrophil infiltration besides restoration of interleukin-10 (IL-10). TLM also suppressed mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and mRNA of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) proinflammatory genes with concomitant upregulation of PPAR-γ. The alleviation of TLM to colon injury was also associated with inhibition of oxidative stress as evidenced by suppression of lipid peroxides and nitric oxide (NO) besides boosting glutathione (GSH), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). With respect to apoptosis, TLM downregulated the increased mRNA, protein expression and activity of caspase-3. It also suppressed the elevation of cytochrome c and Bax mRNA besides the upregulation of Bcl-2. Together, these findings highlight evidences for the beneficial effects of TLM in IBD which are mediated through modulation of colonic inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Liu J, Liu S, Tanabe C, Maeda T, Zou K, Komano H. Differential effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on Aβ generation. Neurosci Lett 2014; 567:51-6. [PMID: 24680748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are widely prescribed for the medication of systemic hypertension and congestive heart failure. It has been reported that ARBs can reduce the risk for the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have beneficial effects on dementia. Neurotoxic amyloid β-protein (Aβ) is believed to play a causative role in the development of AD. However, whether ARBs regulate Aβ generation remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the effect of ARBs on Aβ generation and found that telmisartan significantly increased Aβ40 and Aβ42 generation, but decreased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. However, losartan, valsartan and candesartan did not increase Aβ generation, while olmesartan significantly increased Aβ42 generation. We also found that telmisartan increased the Aβ generation through angiotensin type 1a receptor (AT1a) and the receptor-related phosphotidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway. Our findings revealed the different effects of ARBs on Aβ generation and provide new evidence for the relationship between antihypertensive treatment and AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanabe
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Tomoji Maeda
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Komano
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
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Telmisartan ameliorates germ cell toxicity in the STZ-induced diabetic rat: Studies on possible molecular mechanisms. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 755:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Quan Q, Wang J, Li X, Wang Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 decreases Aβ(1-42) level by upregulating PPARγ and IDE expression in the hippocampus of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59155. [PMID: 23520555 PMCID: PMC3592813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The present study was designed to examine the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in the hippocampus of rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to determine how ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) decreases Aβ levels in AD. Experimental Approach Experimental AD was induced in rats by a bilateral injection of 10 µg soluble beta-amyloid peptide 1–42 (Aβ1–42) into the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and the rats were treated with Rg1 (10 mg·kg−1, intraperitoneally) for 28 days. The Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory performance. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to analyze the hippocampal histopathological damage. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time PCR were used to detect Aβ1–42, PPARγ, and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) expression in the hippocampus. Key Results Injection of soluble Aβ1–42 into the hippocampus led to significant dysfunction of learning and memory, hippocampal histopathological abnormalities and increased Aβ1–42 levels in the hippocampus. Rg1 treatment significantly improved learning and memory function, attenuated hippocampal histopathological abnormalities, reduced Aβ1–42 levels and increased PPARγ and IDE expression in the hippocampus; these effects of Rg1 could be effectively inhibited by GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist. Conclusions and Implications Given that PPARγ can upregulate IDE expression and IDE can degrade Aβ1–42, these results indicate that Rg1 can increase IDE expression in the hippocampus by upregulating PPARγ, leading to decreased Aβ levels, attenuated hippocampal histopathological abnormalities and improved learning and memory in a rat model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- QianKun Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University Branch, Xi'an, China
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Kim HK, Youm JB, Lee SR, Lim SE, Lee SY, Ko TH, Long LT, Nilius B, Won DN, Noh JH, Ko KS, Rhee BD, Kim N, Han J. The angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist, telmisartan, delays inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channel in rat heart: novel mechanism of drug action. Pflugers Arch 2012; 464:631-43. [PMID: 23073892 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist that modulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. It is used primarily to manage hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and congestive heart failure. Recent studies have reported that myocardial infarction (MI) has occurred in telmisartan-treated patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate the specific conditions and underlying mechanisms that may result in telmisartan-induced MI. We evaluated the effect of telmisartan on whole hearts, cardiomyocytes, and cardiac sarcolemmal ion channels. Hearts of 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with 3, 10, 30, or 100 μM telmisartan or losartan or with normal Tyrode's solution (control) for 3 h. We found that telmisartan induced myocardial infarction, with an infarct size of 21 % of the total at 30 μM (P < 0.0001) and 63 % of the total area at 100 μM (P < 0.001). Telmisartan also induced cardiac dysfunction (e.g., decreased heart rate, diminished coronary flow, hypercontracture, and arrhythmia). Confocal microscopy demonstrated that 30 μM telmisartan significantly elevated the intracellular Ca(2+) level, leading to hypercontracture and cell death. Patch clamp analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes revealed that telmisartan induced Na(+) overload by slowing the inactivation of voltage-gated Na(+) current (I (Na)), activating the reverse mode of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger activity, and causing Ca(2+) overload. Telmisartan significantly delayed the inactivation of the voltage-gated Na(+) channel, causing cytosolic Na(+) overload, prolonged action potential duration, and subsequent Ca(2+) overload. Above 30 μM, telmisartan may potentially cause cardiac cell death and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Kyu Kim
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, Busan, Korea
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Bharti S, Singh R, Kumar R, Malik S, Hussain T, Al-Attas OS, Arya DS. WITHDRAWN: Hsp70 overexpression coordinately regulates myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and contractile function in 5-HT(2B) blockade mediated anti-hypertrophic effect. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012:S0925-4439(12)00119-6. [PMID: 22659376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bharti
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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Rinaldi B, Di Filippo C, Capuano A, Donniacuo M, Sodano L, Ferraraccio F, Rossi F, D'Amico M. Adiponectin elevation by telmisartan ameliorates ischaemic myocardium in Zucker diabetic fatty rats with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:320-8. [PMID: 22050607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether telmisartan, a selective angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist and gamma peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) partial agonist, reduces myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were treated for 3 weeks with telmisartan at doses of 2, 7 and 12 mg/kg/day. After treatment, rats were subjected to a 25-min occlusion of the left descending coronary artery followed by 2-h reperfusion (I/R). RESULTS Telmisartan reduced the extension of the infarct size in a dose-dependent fashion and decreased the levels of plasma troponin I, a specific marker of myocardial damage. Telmisartan also caused a dose-dependent increase in adiponectin both in plasma and cardiac tissue of infarcted ZDF rats. These levels were minimally increased (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle) by telmisartan 7 mg/kg/day and reached the maximum values with the highest dose of 12 mg/kg/day (p < 0.01 vs. vehicle). In contrast, within the infarcted tissue telmisartan decreased the expression of markers of inflammation such as the transcription factor NF-κB, the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 as well as TNF-α cytokine. Nitrosative stress was maximal in vehicle-treated infarcted hearts as evidenced by increased expression of iNOS, which was almost abolished after treatement with telmisartan. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of ZDF rats for 3 weeks with telmisartan, a dual angiotensin II receptor antagonist and partial PPAR-γ receptor agonist, resulted in a significant reduction of myocardial damage induced by I/R and was associated with increased adiponectin and a decrease in inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rinaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, Italy
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DOS SANTOS LUISF, ANTONIO EDNEI, SERRA ANDREY, VENTURINI GABRIELA, OKADA MIEKO, ARAÚJO SERGIO, TUCCI PAULO, DE PAOLA ANGELO, FENELON GUILHERME. Radiofrequency Ablation Does Not Induce Apoptosis in the Rat Myocardium. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2012; 35:449-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03306.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Phosphorylation of Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS amplifies 5-HT2B
receptor blockade mediated anti-hypertrophic effect in rats. FEBS Lett 2011; 586:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS phosphorylation arbitrates safranal-induced myocardial protection against ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:719-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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