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Mita T, Katakami N, Yoshii H, Onuma T, Kaneto H, Osonoi T, Shiraiwa T, Yasuda T, Umayahara Y, Yamamoto T, Yokoyama H, Kuribayashi N, Jinnouchi H, Gosho M, Shimomura I, Watada H. Long-term efficacy and safety of early alogliptin initiation in subjects with type 2 diabetes: an extension of the SPEAD-A study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14649. [PMID: 37669959 PMCID: PMC10480471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported in the study of preventive effects of alogliptin on diabetic atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A) that alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, attenuated the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and no history of cardiovascular disease. This extension study of the SPEAD-A trial investigated whether early alogliptin initiation improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes. The SPEAD-A trial randomized 341 subjects with type 2 diabetes to either alogliptin or conventional treatment to investigate the effects of alogliptin on atherosclerosis. All subjects who completed that trial were eligible for this prospective, observational cohort study. The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of a major cardiovascular event, defined as death due to any cause, acute myocardial infarction, or stroke. During the 520-week follow-up period, composite primary outcome events occurred in only a few subjects in each group [8 (5.4%) in the alogliptin group and 9 in the conventional treatment group (5.9%)]. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of the primary outcome between the two groups. Post hoc Poisson regression analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence rate of composite recurrence events for the same outcomes as the primary endpoint. On the other hand, this incidence rate was significantly lower in subjects who received DPP-4 inhibitors before an initial cardiovascular event than in those who did not (5.8 vs. 13.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively, p = 0.04). Early initiation of alogliptin was not associated with a reduced risk of composite cardiovascular disease, which could be attributed to fewer events and/or the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors during the follow-up period.
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Grants
- a grant from the Japan Cardiovascular Research Foundation
- Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca K.K., Bayer Holding, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., MSD K.K., Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Sanofi-Aventis K.K., Sanwa Kakgaku Kenkyusho Co., Shionogi & Co., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshii
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Tomio Onuma
- Department of Medicine, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Shinsuna 3-3-20, Koto-Ku, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Osonoi
- Naka Kinen Clinic, 745-5, Nakadai, Naka City, Ibaraki, 311-0113, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Shiraiwa
- Shiraiwa Medical Clinic, 1-12-8 Hirano, Kashiwara, Osaka, 582-0019, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Yasuda
- Osaka Police Hospital, 10-31 Kitayamacho, Tennoji-Ku, Osaka, 543-0035, Japan
| | - Yutaka Umayahara
- Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56 Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Yamamoto
- Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69 Inabasou, Amagasaki-Shi, Hyogo, 660-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokoyama
- Jiyugaoka Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine, West 6, South 6-4-3, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-0016, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiko Gosho
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Iwase M, Ohkuma T, Fujii H, Oku Y, Higashi T, Oshiro A, Ide H, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Incidence and risks of coronary heart disease and heart failure in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110732. [PMID: 37245724 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We prospectively investigated the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF), risk factors and prognosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 4,874 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, male 57%, previous CHD 14%) were registered at multicenter diabetes clinics of a prefecture in 2008-2010 and followed for the development of CHD and HF requiring hospitalization for a median of 5.3 years (follow-up rate 98%). Risk factors were evaluated using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional models. RESULTS The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years were 12.3 for CHD (silent myocardial ischemia 5.8, angina pectoris 4.3, myocardial infarction 2.1) and 3.1 for hospitalized HF, respectively. New-onset CHD was significantly associated with higher serum adiponectin [the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile HR 1.6 (95%CI 1.0-2.6)]. HF was significantly associated with higher serum adiponectin [the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile HR 2.4 (95%CI 1.1-5.2)], and lower serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio, a surrogate marker for sarcopenia [lowest quartile vs. the highest quartile HR 4.6 (95%CI 1.9-11.1)]. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of heart disease was low and circulating adiponectin and sarcopenia may predict the development of heart disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Oshiro
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center and Clinical Research Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Diabetes Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Takahara M, Katakami N, Hayashino Y, Nishimura R, Suzuki H, Shimano H, Yoshioka N, Tajima N, Yamasaki Y. Different impacts of metabolic profiles on future risk of cardiovascular disease between diabetes with and without established cardiovascular disease: the Japan diabetes complication and its prevention prospective study 7 (JDCP study 7). Acta Diabetol 2022; 59:57-65. [PMID: 34462827 PMCID: PMC8758607 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-021-01773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Most risk calculators that predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) by baseline profiles are originally developed for primary prevention, but some studies applied the calculators to secondary prevention. We compared the impact of baseline profiles on the future CVD risk between patients with diabetes with and without a CVD history. METHODS We analyzed a multicenter prospective cohort of 6338 Japanese patients with diabetes aged 40-74 years, including those with (n = 634) and without a CVD history (n = 5704). The future risk of CVD was investigated using the competing risk model, with adjustment for non-cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 6.9 years, 413 CVD events were observed. The 8-year cumulative incidence rates of CVD were 21.5% and 7.2% in patients with and without a CVD history, respectively. A higher systolic blood pressure and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were independently associated with a future CVD risk in patients without a CVD history (both P < 0.05), whereas they were not associated in those with a CVD history. The P values for interaction were 0.040 and 0.005, respectively. The male sex, an older age, a longer duration of diabetes, higher hemoglobin A1c levels, and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were common independent risk factors regardless of CVD history (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prognostic impact of metabolic profiles on CVD risk would not be identical between patients with and without a CVD history, suggesting that it might be inappropriate to apply CVD risk calculators developed for primary prevention to patients with a CVD history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Hayashino
- Department of Endocrinology, Tenri Hospital, 200 Mishimacho, Tenri City, Nara, 632-8552, Japan
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Narihito Yoshioka
- NTT-East Sapporo Hospital, Minami 1 Jyo Nishi 15 Chome Chuo-Ku, Sapporo City, Hokkaido, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Naoko Tajima
- Otemachi Place Medical Clinic, 2-3-1, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
- Nishi-Umeda Clinic, 3-3-45 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 530-0001, Japan
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Inagaki N, Nangaku M, Sakata Y, Sasaki K, Mori-Anai K, Iwasaki T, Hamada K. Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Canagliflozin Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Japan: SAPPHIRE, a Long-Term, Large-Scale Post-Marketing Surveillance. Adv Ther 2022; 39:674-691. [PMID: 34853985 PMCID: PMC8799573 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This long-term post-marketing surveillance (SAPPHIRE) collected information on the safety and effectiveness of canagliflozin (approved dose 100 mg) prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-world practice in Japan. METHODS Patients with T2DM who were prescribed canagliflozin between December 2014 and September 2016 were registered and observed for up to 3 years. Safety was evaluated in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Effectiveness was assessed in terms of glycaemic control. Data were also analysed across age subgroups (< 65, ≥ 65 to < 75, and ≥ 75 years old) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) categories for chronic kidney disease (G1-G5 based on eGFR) at baseline. RESULTS A total of 12,227 patients were included in the safety analyses and 11,675 in effectiveness analyses. Overall, 7104 patients were treated with canagliflozin for ≥ 3 years. The mean age, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and eGFR at baseline were 58.4 ± 12.5 years, 8.01 ± 1.49%, and 80.04 ± 21.85 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. There were 1836 ADRs in 1312 patients (10.73%) and 268 serious ADRs in 225 patients (1.84%). The most common ADRs were those related to volume depletion (1.39%), genital infection (1.34%), polyuria/pollakiuria (1.23%), and urinary tract infection (1.19%). The frequencies of ADRs tended to increase with age and stage of chronic kidney disease. The reductions in mean HbA1c after starting canagliflozin were maintained for up to 3 years with a mean change of - 0.68% (n = 6345 at 3 years). Maintained reductions in mean HbA1c were observed in each age subgroup and in patients with G1-G3b renal function. CONCLUSION This surveillance in real-world clinical practice showed that canagliflozin provides sustained glucose-lowering effects in patients with T2DM, including elderly patients and patients with moderate renal impairment, without new safety concerns beyond those already described in the Japanese package insert. TRIAL REGISTRATION JapicCTI-153048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Sasaki
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 3-2-10, Dosho-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka, 541-8505 Japan
| | - Kazumi Mori-Anai
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Iwasaki
- Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koume Hamada
- Quality and Vigilance Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Osaka, Japan
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Takahara M. Diabetes Mellitus and Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease. JMA J 2021; 4:225-231. [PMID: 34414316 PMCID: PMC8355746 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease, or often simply called peripheral artery disease (PAD), is a common cardiovascular disease, as coronary artery disease is. Atherosclerotic disease of the arteries of the lower extremity, or arteriosclerosis obliterans, accounts for the vast majority of PAD today. Rest pain, nonhealing ulcers, and gangrenes associated with chronic ischemia (i.e., Fontaine stage III and IV or Rutherford category 4 to 6) are referred to as chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), formally called critical limb ischemia (CLI). This narrative review focuses on atherosclerotic PAD, especially CLTI, mainly highlighting its link with diabetes mellitus (DM). This article will first overview the clinical impact of DM in patients with symptomatic PAD and that of symptomatic PAD in patients with DM, followed by the clinical features of CLTI, which will be discussed from a viewpoint of its prognosis, patient profile, onset, and seasonality. DM poses a great clinical impact on CLTI, and vice versa. Patient profile appears different between DM patients complicated with CLTI and the general population with DM. Furthermore, although CLTI is pathologically rooted in atherosclerosis as is acute coronary syndrome (ACS), CLTI has considerably different clinical features compared with ACS. CLTI has an extremely poor prognosis even after revascularization, and there is ample room for improvement in terms of its prognosis. Some measures might be needed in healthcare and clinical settings before revascularization: e.g., DM control and regular ischemia risk evaluation before CLTI onset, proper diagnosis at CLTI onset, and prompt referral to a vascular specialist after CLTI onset, although its evidence is still scanty. Piling up evidence of patients with CLTI, by patients with CLTI, and for patients with CLTI is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Utsunomiya K, Koshida R, Kakiuchi S, Senda M, Fujii S, Kurihara Y, Gunji R, Kaku K. Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in real-world clinical practice: Results of a 36-month post-marketing surveillance study (J-STEP/LT). J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:184-199. [PMID: 32597517 PMCID: PMC7858109 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Tofogliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that lowers plasma glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion. After its approval in Japan in 2014 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we carried out a 3-year prospective observational post-marketing surveillance study in Japanese patients (Japanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients/Long Term [J-STEP/LT]). MATERIALS AND METHODS This surveillance was carried out between September 2014 and February 2019, and recorded safety in terms of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and ADRs of special interest, and effectiveness in terms of changes in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight from baseline to last observation carried forward. RESULTS Of 6,897 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus registered, 6,711 and 6,451 were analyzed for safety and effectiveness, respectively. ADRs were reported in 846 patients (12.61%), with serious ADRs in 101 patients (1.5%). ADRs of special interest included hypoglycemia (62 patients [0.9%]), polyuria/pollakiuria (90 [1.3%]), volume depletion-related disorders (135 [2.0%]), urinary tract infections (91 [1.4%]), genital infections (117 [1.7%]) and skin diseases (53 [0.8%]). One case of diabetic ketoacidosis was reported. The mean ± standard deviation changes from baseline to last observation carried forward in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were -0.68 ± 1.34% (n = 6,158, P < 0.0001) and -3.13 ± 4.67 kg (n = 5,213, P < 0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS J-STEP/LT, a 3-year, prospective, observational, post-marketing study in Japan, found no unprecedented ADRs, and consistent reductions from baseline in glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight over the observation period. The present results provide further evidence regarding the safety and tolerability of tofogliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Center for Preventive MedicineThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | - Seigo Kakiuchi
- Post Marketing Surveillance DepartmentKowa Company, Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | | | - Shoko Fujii
- Post Marketing Surveillance DepartmentKowa Company, Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Yuji Kurihara
- Post Marketing Surveillance DepartmentKowa Company, Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Ryoji Gunji
- Post Marketing Surveillance DepartmentKowa Company, Ltd.TokyoJapan
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Komorita Y, Iwase M, Fujii H, Ohkuma T, Ide H, Jodai-Kitamura T, Yoshinari M, Oku Y, Higashi T, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Additive effects of green tea and coffee on all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001252. [PMID: 33087342 PMCID: PMC7577036 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of consuming green tea or coffee on mortality in patients with diabetes is controversial. We prospectively investigated the impact of each beverage and their combination on mortality among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In all, 4923 patients (2790 men, 2133 women) with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 66 years) were followed prospectively (median, 5.3 years; follow-up rate, 99.5%). We evaluated the amount of green tea and coffee consumed using self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 309 participants died. The consumption of green tea, coffee, and a combination of the beverages was associated with reduced all-cause mortality. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) for green tea were as follows: none 1.0 (referent); 0.85 (0.60-1.22) for ≤1 cup/day; 0.73 (0.51-1.03) for 2-3 cups/day; 0.60 (0.42-0.85) for ≥4 cups/day; and P for trend, 0.002. For coffee, they were: none 1.0 (referent); 0.88 (0.66-1.18) for <1 cup/day; 0.81 (0.58-1.13) for 1 cup/day; 0.59 (0.42-0.82) for ≥2 cups/day; P for trend, 0.002. With the combination they were 1.0 (referent) for no consumption of green tea and coffee; 0.49 (0.24-0.99) for 2-3 cups/day of green tea with ≥2 cups/day of coffee; 0.42 (0.20-0.88) for ≥4 cups/day of green tea with 1 cup/day of coffee; and 0.37 (0.18-0.77) for ≥4 cups/day of green tea with ≥2 cups/day of coffee. CONCLUSIONS Higher consumption of green tea and coffee was associated with reduced all-cause mortality: their combined effect appeared to be additive in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Diabetes Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tamaki Jodai-Kitamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taiki Higashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
A new cardiometabolic-based chronic disease (CMBCD) model is presented that provides a basis for early and sustainable, evidence-based therapeutic targeting to promote cardiometabolic health and mitigate the development and ravages of cardiovascular disease. In the first part of this JACC State-of-the-Art Review, a framework is presented for CMBCD, focusing on 3 primary drivers (genetics, environment, and behavior) and 2 metabolic drivers (adiposity and dysglycemia) with applications to 3 cardiovascular endpoints (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation). Specific mechanistic pathways are presented configuring early primary drivers with subsequent adiposity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome, leading to cardiovascular disease. The context for building this CMBCD model is to expose actionable targets for prevention to achieve optimal cardiovascular outcomes. The tactical implementation of this CMBCD model is the subject of second part of this JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
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Cardiometabolic-Based Chronic Disease, Adiposity and Dysglycemia Drivers: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:525-538. [PMID: 32029136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new cardiometabolic-based chronic disease (CMBCD) model is presented that provides a basis for early and sustainable, evidence-based therapeutic targeting to promote cardiometabolic health and mitigate the development and ravages of cardiovascular disease. In the first part of this JACC State-of-the-Art Review, a framework is presented for CMBCD, focusing on 3 primary drivers (genetics, environment, and behavior) and 2 metabolic drivers (adiposity and dysglycemia) with applications to 3 cardiovascular endpoints (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation). Specific mechanistic pathways are presented configuring early primary drivers with subsequent adiposity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome, leading to cardiovascular disease. The context for building this CMBCD model is to expose actionable targets for prevention to achieve optimal cardiovascular outcomes. The tactical implementation of this CMBCD model is the subject of second part of this JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
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Yokoyama H, Araki SI, Kawai K, Yamazaki K, Shirabe SI, Sugimoto H, Minami M, Miyazawa I, Maegawa H. The Prognosis of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalbuminuric Diabetic Kidney Disease Is Not Always Poor: Implication of the Effects of Coexisting Macrovascular Complications (JDDM 54). Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1102-1110. [PMID: 32144168 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalbuminuric diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the prevailing phenotype in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether its prognosis is poorer than that of other DKD phenotypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2,953 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2, enrolled in an observational cohort study in 2004, were followed until 2015. On the basis of albuminuria (>30 mg/g creatinine) and reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline, participants were classified into the four DKD phenotypes-no-DKD, albuminuric DKD without reduced eGFR, nonalbuminuric DKD with reduced eGFR, and albuminuric DKD with reduced eGFR-to assess the risks of mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and renal function decline. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 9.7 years, 113 patients died and 263 developed CVD. In nonalbuminuric DKD, the risks of death or CVD were not higher than those in no-DKD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.02 [95% CI 0.66, 1.60]) and the annual decline in eGFR was slower than in other DKD phenotypes. The risks of death or CVD in nonalbuminuric DKD without prior CVD were similar to those in no-DKD without prior CVD, whereas the risks in nonalbuminuric DKD with prior CVD as well as other DKD phenotypes were higher. CONCLUSIONS Nonalbuminuric DKD did not have a higher risk of mortality, CVD events, or renal function decline than the other DKD phenotypes. In nonalbuminuric DKD, the presence of macrovascular complications may be a main determinant of prognosis rather than the renal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Itsuko Miyazawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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11
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Ishida Y, Murayama H, Shinfuku Y, Taniguchi T, Sasajima T, Oyama N. Cardiovascular safety and effectiveness of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 3-year, large-scale post-marketing surveillance in Japan. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:625-631. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1740679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohei Shinfuku
- Regulatory Office Japan, Novartis Pharma K.K., Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Komorita Y, Iwase M, Idewaki Y, Fujii H, Ohkuma T, Ide H, Jodai‐Kitamura T, Yoshinari M, Murao‐Kimura A, Oku Y, Nakamura U, Kitazono T. Impact of hip fracture on all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka Diabetes Registry. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:62-69. [PMID: 31111663 PMCID: PMC6944850 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased hip fracture risk. We investigated the relationship between hip fracture and all-cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes in comparison with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or end-stage renal disease (ERSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 4,923 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 years, 2,790 men, 2,133 women) were followed for a median of 5.3 years (follow-up rate 99.5%). We evaluated the associations between the presence of hip fracture (n = 110), upper limb fracture (n = 801), CVD (n = 1,344), ESRD (n = 104) and all-cause death by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 309 participants died during follow up. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for all-cause mortality were significantly higher in participants with hip fractures than those without hip fractures (OR 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-4.41), whereas the ORs for upper limb fracture were not significant. The ORs for all-cause mortality were significantly higher in participants with CVD than those without CVD (OR 1.78, 95% CI, 1.39-2.70) and ESRD (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.32-4.05). The ORs for all-cause mortality of hip fracture were not affected by further adjustment for CVD and ESRD (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.58-4.54). The cause of death was infection (40.0%), malignant neoplasm (25.0%) and CVD (15.0%) among participants with hip fracture. CONCLUSIONS Hip fractures were associated with an increased risk of death among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, independently of CVD and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Division of Internal MedicineFukuoka Dental CollegeFukuokaJapan
| | - Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Diabetes CenterHakujyuji HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Idewaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Diabetes CenterHakujyuji HospitalFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Center for Cohort StudiesGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- The George Institute for Global HealthUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Division of General Internal MedicineSchool of Oral Health ScienceKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tamaki Jodai‐Kitamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Ai Murao‐Kimura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yutaro Oku
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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13
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Nakamura I, Maegawa H, Tobe K, Uno S. Safety and Effectiveness of Ipragliflozin for Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: 12-Month Interim Results of the STELLA-LONG TERM Post-Marketing Surveillance Study. Adv Ther 2019; 36:923-949. [PMID: 30767112 PMCID: PMC6824450 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-0895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The present interim report of the STELLA-LONG TERM study aimed to examine the safety and effectiveness of ipragliflozin in real-word clinical practice in Japan using data up to 12 months. We also evaluated the effect of ipragliflozin on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with normal vs. abnormal liver function. Methods This is an ongoing 3-year post-marketing surveillance study. We analyzed data from Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who were first prescribed ipragliflozin between 17 July 2014 and 16 October 2015 at participating centers in Japan, and whose data were locked by 16 January 2018. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was evaluated for safety. Changes in glycemic control and body weight were evaluated for effectiveness. The effect on liver function was evaluated by changes in the fatty liver index, and changes in AST and ALT were evaluated in patients with normal and abnormal liver function. Results The safety analysis set comprised 11,051 patients and the efficacy analysis set comprised 8788 patients. The incidence rates of ADRs and serious ADRs were 14.6% (1616/11,051) and 0.97% (107/11,051), respectively. Significant reductions (all P < 0.001 vs. baseline, paired t test) in glycated hemoglobin (− 0.8%), fasting plasma glucose (− 31.9 mg/dL), body weight (− 2.9 kg), and fatty liver index (− 8.7) were observed. In patients with normal liver function at baseline, no clinically significant changes in AST and ALT were observed. In patients with abnormal liver function at baseline, clinically and statistically significant decreases (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, two-sample t test) in AST (− 9.0 U/L) and ALT (− 14.7 U/L) levels were observed. Conclusion Ipragliflozin was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with T2DM over 12 months in the real-world clinical setting. Improvements in liver function parameters (AST and ALT) were observed in T2DM patients with abnormal liver function. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02479399. Funding Astellas Pharma Inc., Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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14
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Takahara M, Iida O, Fujita Y, Haneda M. Clinical characteristics of Japanese diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia presenting Fontaine stage IV. Diabetol Int 2018; 10:231-235. [PMID: 31275791 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-018-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to reveal the clinical characteristics of Japanese diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) presenting ischemic unhealed ulcer/gangrene (Fontaine stage IV) in the real-world settings. The current retrospective cross-sectional study included consecutive 282 Japanese diabetic patients who underwent endovascular therapy for CLI presenting Fontaine stage IV. The prevalence of diabetes-related complications was estimated adopting multiple imputation (50 times). The patients were aged 70 ± 10 years. Median duration of diabetes was 21 (interquartile range 12-31) years. The prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, end-stage renal disease on regular dialysis, stroke, coronary artery disease, and chronic heart failure was estimated at 48% (95% confidence interval 39-56%), 52% (46-58%), 34% (28-39%), 48% (42-54%), and 35% (29-41%), respectively. The prevalence of stroke, coronary artery disease, and chronic heart failure was not significantly associated with the duration of diabetes (all p > 0.05). On the other hand, the prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease on regular dialysis was significantly positively associated with the duration of diabetes (both p < 0.05). However, these prevalences reached as high as ~ 30% even in patients with duration of diabetes < 10 years. In conclusion, the advanced stage of diabetes-related complications was prevalent in patients with CLI presenting Fontaine stage IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Takahara
- 1Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Osamu Iida
- 2Cardiovascular Center, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69 Inabaso, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-8511 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Fujita
- 3Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510 Japan
| | - Masakazu Haneda
- 3Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510 Japan
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15
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Kinoshita M, Yokote K, Arai H, Iida M, Ishigaki Y, Ishibashi S, Umemoto S, Egusa G, Ohmura H, Okamura T, Kihara S, Koba S, Saito I, Shoji T, Daida H, Tsukamoto K, Deguchi J, Dohi S, Dobashi K, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Hiro T, Biro S, Fujioka Y, Maruyama C, Miyamoto Y, Murakami Y, Yokode M, Yoshida H, Rakugi H, Wakatsuki A, Yamashita S. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:846-984. [PMID: 30135334 PMCID: PMC6143773 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Seiji Umemoto
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Community Health Systems Nursing, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seitaro Dohi
- Chief Health Management Department, Mitsui Chemicals Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wakatsuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuya Yamashita
- Department of Community Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Inagaki N, Harashima SI, Iijima H. Canagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a comparison between Japanese and non-Japanese patients. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; 19:895-908. [PMID: 29799286 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1473378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, improves various cardiometabolic parameters. Although canagliflozin was originally discovered in Japan, no comprehensive summary of its effects in Japanese patients has been reported. As differences exist in the pathologic features of diabetes between Japanese and non-Japanese populations, it is important to consolidate Japanese data for canagliflozin. Areas covered: The authors summarize Japanese clinical trial and post-marketing surveillance data for canagliflozin, and make comparisons with non-Japanese data. They also consider the therapeutic potential of canagliflozin in Japanese patients by presenting results from the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) Program. Expert opinion: In Japanese patients, canagliflozin 100 mg, administered as monotherapy or combination therapy, improved blood glucose, body weight, and blood pressure, and was well tolerated; the efficacy and safety profiles were comparable to previous clinical studies in other countries. In the CANVAS Program, canagliflozin reduced major cardiovascular events, and although Japan was not included in this program, canagliflozin may have cardiovascular benefits in Japanese patients, in whom control of multiple risk factors is important for preventing diabetic complications. Patients with high cardiovascular risk often have multiple comorbidities, so it is important to consider the risk-benefit balance of using SGLT2 inhibitors in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Inagaki
- a Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Harashima
- a Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- b Ikuyaku. Integrated Value Development Division, Medical Affairs Department , Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
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17
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Mitsios JP, Ekinci EI, Mitsios GP, Churilov L, Thijs V. Relationship Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.007858. [PMID: 29773578 PMCID: PMC6015363 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for ischemic stroke. Rising hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are associated with microvascular diabetes mellitus complication development; however, this relationship has not been established for stroke risk, a macrovascular complication. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort and nested case-control cohort studies assessing the association between rising HbA1c levels and stroke risk in adults (≥18 years old) with and without type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Random-effects model meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their precision. The systematic review yielded 36 articles, of which 29 articles (comprising n=532 779 participants) were included in our meta-analysis. Compared to non-diabetes mellitus range HbA1c (<5.7%), diabetes mellitus range HbA1c (≥6.5%) was associated with an increased risk of first-ever stroke with average HR (95% confidence interval) of 2.15 (1.76, 2.63), whereas pre-diabetes mellitus range HbA1c (5.7-6.5%) was not (average HR [95% confidence interval], 1.19 [0.87, 1.62]). For every 1% HbA1c increment (or equivalent), the average HR (95% confidence interval) for first-ever stroke was 1.12 (0.91, 1.39) in non-diabetes mellitus cohorts and 1.17 (1.09, 1.25) in diabetes mellitus cohorts. For every 1% HbA1c increment, both non-diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus cohorts had a higher associated risk of first-ever ischemic stroke with average HR (95% confidence interval) of 1.49 (1.32, 1.69) and 1.24 (1.11, 1.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A rising HbA1c level is associated with increased first-ever stroke risk in cohorts with a diabetes mellitus diagnosis and increased risk of first-ever ischemic stroke in non-diabetes mellitus cohorts. These findings suggest that more intensive HbA1c glycemic control targets may be required for optimal ischemic stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peter Mitsios
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif Ilhan Ekinci
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Leonid Churilov
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Fujihara K, Sone H. Cardiovascular Disease in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Ann Vasc Dis 2018; 11:2-14. [PMID: 29682103 PMCID: PMC5882354 DOI: 10.3400/avd.ra.17-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with diabetes have a two- to four-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and higher mortality rates than those without diabetes. Because not only microvascular but also macrovascular disease in patients with diabetes are known to predispose patients to a lower quality of life as well as lead to higher mortality rates, identifying and managing risk factors of CAD is of clinical relevance in diabetes care. A number of antihyperglycemic drugs are currently approved for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with several new drugs having been developed during the last decade. Diabetes-related complications have been substantially reduced worldwide. However, in view of the current situation in which both the prevalence of obesity and glucose abnormality have increased worldwide, including Japan, diet and exercise remain the crucial means of treatment for patients with diabetes. Furthermore, predicting the development of CAD is essential. This review summarizes data from recent studies on cardiovascular disease in patients with T2DM, focusing on clinical trials and big data, including studies involving Japanese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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19
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Iwase M, Fujii H, Nakamura U, Ohkuma T, Ide H, Jodai-Kitamura T, Sumi A, Komorita Y, Yoshinari M, Kitazono T. Incidence of diabetic foot ulcer in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Fukuoka diabetes registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 137:183-189. [PMID: 29382584 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious diabetic complication, there have been no large-scale epidemiological studies of DFU in Japan. We prospectively investigated the incidences of DFU and limb amputation, the risk for developing DFU, and mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We followed 4870 participants (mean age, 65 years) with type 2 diabetes attending an outpatient diabetes clinic for a median of 5.3 years (follow-up rate, 97.7%). The primary outcome was the development of DFU. RESULTS During the follow-up period, DFU occurred in 74 participants (incidence rate, 2.9/1000 person-years) and limb amputation in 12 (incidence rate, 0.47/1000 person-years). DFU recurrence was observed in 21.4% of participants with history of DFU. History of DFU, chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), depressive symptoms, and poor glycemic control were significant risk factors for developing DFU. Survival was significantly lower in participants with DFU and/or history of DFU compared with those without (5-year survival rates: with DFU, 87.7%, without DFU, 95.3%; P < .0001). The hazard ratio for death was 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.73, P = .014) in those with DFU and/or history of DFU in a multi-adjusted model. The most common cause of death was cardiovascular disease among participants with DFU, whereas it was malignant neoplasm among those without. CONCLUSIONS Incidences of DFU and limb amputation were 0.3% and 0.05% per year in this Japanese cohort, respectively. Mortality significantly increased approximately 2-fold in those with DFU and/or history of DFU compared with those without.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iwase
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Diabetes Center, Hakujyuji Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Fujii
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Udai Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohkuma
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hitoshi Ide
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Oral Health Science, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Tamaki Jodai-Kitamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Sumi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Komorita
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahito Yoshinari
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Kurano M, Darestani SG, Shinnakasu A, Yamamoto K, Dochi Y, Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Kikuchi A, Hashiguchi H, Deguchi T, Nishio Y. mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with albuminuria and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:124-133. [PMID: 29247656 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renal dysfunction in addition to diabetes is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that some of the changes in gene expression in blood cells cause renal dysfunction and macrovascular disease through impaired endothelial function. This study aimed to define which changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are related to renal function parameters and endothelial function of large arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We recruited 95 patients with T2DM. After matching for gender, age, BMI and HbA1c levels, the patient cohort included 42 with normoalbuminuria, 28 with microalbuminuria, and 25 with macroalbuminuria. All patients in the three groups were assessed for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and mRNA expression in PBMCs. RESULTS The mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) differed most markedly between the three groups and was significantly higher in the macroalbuminuric group (p < 0.001 vs. normoalbuminuric group; p < 0.05 vs. microalbuminuric group). PAFR mRNA expression significantly correlated with log transformed ACR (ρ = 0.424, p < 0.001) but not eGFR. PAFR mRNA expression also had a significant negative correlation with FMD (ρ = -0.379, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of macrovascular complications, particularly stroke, was significantly higher in patients with elevated PAFR mRNA expression in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS PAFR overexpression in PBMCs may link diabetic nephropathy to macroangiopathy through impairment of endothelial function in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kurano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Sahar Ghavidel Darestani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinnakasu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukari Dochi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kayo Uemura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashiguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahisa Deguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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Fujihara K, Igarashi R, Yamamoto M, Ishizawa M, Matsubayasi Y, Matsunaga S, Kato K, Ito C, Koishi M, Yamanaka N, Kodama S, Sone H. Impact of glucose tolerance status on the development of coronary artery disease among working-age men. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2017; 43:261-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Araki E, Onishi Y, Asano M, Kim H, Ekholm E, Johnsson E, Yajima T. Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in addition to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of the interim analysis of 16-week double-blind treatment period. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:555-64. [PMID: 27181422 PMCID: PMC4931206 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dapagliflozin treatment when added to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes remains to be evaluated. Materials and Methods This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled study to evaluate efficacy (at 16 weeks) and long‐term safety (at 52 weeks) of dapagliflozin in addition to insulin therapy. The interim analysis was carried out at week 16 to assess the efficacy and safety profiles. The patients receiving insulin (n = 182) were randomized to either dapagliflozin 5 mg or a placebo at a 2:1 ratio. The primary efficacy end‐point was the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline at week 16. Results Patients in the dapagliflozin group showed an adjusted decrease in HbA1c of −0.55% from baseline, whereas the placebo showed a marginal increase of 0.05%. The placebo‐corrected mean change of HbA1c from baseline to week 16 in dapagliflozin was −0.60% (P < 0.0001). In addition, the placebo‐corrected mean change of fasting plasma glucose and bodyweight from baseline to week 16 in the dapagliflozin group was −22.7 mg/dL (P < 0.0001) and −1.21 kg (P < 0.0001), respectively. The placebo‐corrected mean daily insulin dose in the dapagliflozin group was numerically decreased (treatment difference: −0.72 IU/day; P = 0.0743). No major episodes or discontinuations as a result of hypoglycemia were reported during the study period. Conclusions Dapagliflozin used as add‐on treatment to insulin therapy showed significantly greater reduction of HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and bodyweight without severe hypoglycemia compared with the placebo at week 16. These results show the clinical benefit of prescribing dapagliflozin for Japanese patients with insufficient glycemic control even with insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Onishi
- The Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
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Yokoyama H, Araki S, Kawai K, Hirao K, Oishi M, Sugimoto K, Sone H, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A. Pioglitazone treatment and cardiovascular event and death in subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease (JDDM 36). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:485-92. [PMID: 26261056 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The protective association of pioglitazone with cardiovascular events and death was investigated over 6-years in large-scale type 2 diabetic subjects without established cardiovascular disease in a primary care setting. METHODS A six-year observational cohort study including 2864 subjects with type 2 diabetes without established cardiovascular disease was performed. The primary endpoint was a composite of first occurrence of cardiovascular disease or death. The effect of pioglitazone use at a baseline year with a Cox proportional hazard model and the time-dependent use in each one-year examination interval with a pooled logistic regression model were analyzed. RESULTS Baseline use of pioglitazone (n=493) did not show a statistically protective effect on the primary endpoint (n=175), although it tended to reduce the risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.67 [95% CI: 0.43-1.05]). However, pooled logistic regression analysis indicated a significant protective association of pioglitazone with the primary endpoint (0.58 [0.38 to 0.87] and cardiovascular disease (0.54 [0.33-0.88]), independent of concurrent levels of blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids, albuminuria, and renal function. In particular, this protective association was observed in those with diabetic nephropathy regardless of the daily dose of pioglitazone. Among a total of 898 subjects who took pioglitazone during the period, 43% experienced a discontinuation at least once; however, serious adverse effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS This observational study indicated a protective association of pioglitazone with cardiovascular disease and death in type 2 diabetic subjects without established vascular disease, particularly those with nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yokoyama
- Jiyugaoka Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
| | - S Araki
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - K Kawai
- Kawai Clinic, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - K Hirao
- HEC Science Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - H Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - H Maegawa
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - A Kashiwagi
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Medicine, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Tajima N, Noda M, Origasa H, Noto H, Yabe D, Fujita Y, Goto A, Fujimoto K, Sakamoto M, Haneda M. Evidence-based practice guideline for the treatment for diabetes in Japan 2013. Diabetol Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-015-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ahuja V, Kadowaki T, Evans RW, Kadota A, Okamura T, El Khoudary SR, Fujiyoshi A, Barinas-Mitchell EJM, Hisamatsu T, Vishnu A, Miura K, Maegawa H, El-Saed A, Kashiwagi A, Kuller LH, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. Comparison of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and disposition index between US white men and Japanese men in Japan: the ERA JUMP study. Diabetologia 2015; 58:265-71. [PMID: 25316435 PMCID: PMC4289411 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS At the same level of BMI, white people have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and are less susceptible to developing type 2 diabetes than Japanese people. No previous population-based studies have compared insulin resistance and insulin secretion between these two races in a standardised manner that accounts for VAT. We compared HOMA-IR, HOMA of beta cell function (HOMA-β%) and disposition index (DI) in US white men and Japanese men in Japan. METHODS We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study, comprising 298 white men and 294 Japanese men aged 40-49 years without diabetes. Insulin, glucose, VAT and other measurements were performed at the University of Pittsburgh. We used ANCOVA to compare geometric means of HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI, adjusting for VAT and other covariates. RESULTS White men had higher HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI than Japanese men, and the difference remained significant (p < 0.01) after adjusting for VAT (geometric mean [95% CI]): 3.1 (2.9, 3.2) vs 2.5 (2.4, 2.6), 130.8 (124.6, 137.3) vs 86.7 (82.5, 91.0), and 42.4 (41.0, 44.0) vs 34.8 (33.6, 36.0), respectively. Moreover, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% and DI were significantly higher in white men even after further adjustment for BMI, impaired fasting glucose and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The higher VAT-adjusted DI in white men than Japanese men may partly explain lower susceptibility of white people than Japanese people to developing type 2 diabetes. The results, however, should be interpreted with caution because the assessment of insulin indices was made using fasting samples and adjustment was not made for baseline glucose tolerance. Further studies using formal methods to evaluate insulin indices are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Ahuja
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, 130 N. Bellefield Avenue, Suite 546, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Yokoyama H, Hirao K, Yamaguchi K, Oishi M, Lee G, Yagi N, Takamura H, Kashiwagi A. Liraglutide Versus Sitagliptin in a 24-week, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized, Parallel-group Study in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Responding Inadequately to a Sulfonylurea and/or One or Two Other Oral Antidiabetic Drugs (JDDM 33). JAPANESE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2014; 5:33-41. [PMID: 25288908 PMCID: PMC4179438 DOI: 10.4137/jcm.s16585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liraglutide (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] receptor agonist) and sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) are approved in Japan for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We compared the efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide or sitagliptin to a sulfonylurea in Japanese T2DM patients. METHODS Patients aged 18 to <80 years with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program [NGSP]) of 6.9–9.4%, body mass index ≤35 kg/m2, and treatment with a sulfonylurea and/or one or two non-sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drugs for greater than or equal to eight weeks before enrollment were eligible. Patients were randomized in an open-label manner to either 0.9 mg/day liraglutide (n = 50) or 50–100 mg/day sitagliptin (n = 49) and were treated for 24 weeks. Non-sulfonylureas were discontinued before randomization. Patients using other oral antidiabetic drugs started sulfonylurea treatment. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline to Week 24. RESULTS HbA1c decreased in both groups, and the reduction was significantly greater throughout in the liraglutide group except for Week 24 (0.59 ± 0.80 vs. 0.24 ± 0.94%; P = 0.0525). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) decreased significantly in the liraglutide group compared with the sitagliptin group (−21.15 ± 31.22 vs. +0.46 ± 39.39 mg/dL; P = 0.0014). Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function and C-peptide increased significantly in the liraglutide group but not in the sitagliptin group. Hypoglycemic symptoms and adverse events occurred in four and nine patients, respectively, in the liraglutide group, and in two and five patients, respectively, in the sitagliptin group. CONCLUSION Treatment with liraglutide or sitagliptin together with a sulfonylurea improved HbA1c in Japanese T2DM patients in primary care. Both drugs were associated with low rates of adverse events and hypoglycemia. The improvement in β cell function probably contributed to the improvement in glycemic control in the liraglutide group.
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27
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Yokoyama H, Sone H, Honjo J, Okizaki S, Yamada D, Shudo R, Shimizu H, Moriya T, Haneda A. Relationship between a Low Ankle Brachial Index and All-Cause Death and Cardiovascular Events in Subjects with and without Diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.22491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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28
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Arrieta F, Piñera M, Iglesias P, Nogales P, Salinero-Fort MA, Abanades JC, Botella-Carretero JI, Calañas A, Balsa JA, Zamarrón I, Rovira A, Vázquez C. Metabolic control and chronic complications during a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients attended in primary care in the community of Madrid (Spain). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endoen.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Metabolic control and chronic complications during a 3-year follow-up period in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients attended in primary care in the Community of Madrid (Spain). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Diabetes Mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:93-8. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.19349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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31
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Wada T, Haneda M, Furuichi K, Babazono T, Yokoyama H, Iseki K, Araki SI, Ninomiya T, Hara S, Suzuki Y, Iwano M, Kusano E, Moriya T, Satoh H, Nakamura H, Shimizu M, Toyama T, Hara A, Makino H. Clinical impact of albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate on renal and cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Exp Nephrol 2013; 18:613-20. [PMID: 24132561 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy resulting in end-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide. In clinical settings, there are limited data regarding the impact of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on renal and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. METHODS We performed a historical cohort study of 4328 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes from 10 centers. Risks for renal events (requirement for dialysis or transplantation, or half reduction in eGFR), cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke), and all-cause mortality were assessed according to UACR and eGFR levels. RESULTS During follow-up (median 7.0 years, interquartile range 3.0-8.0 years), 419 renal events, 605 cardiovascular events and 236 deaths occurred. The UACR levels increased the risk and the adjusted hazard ratios for these three events. In addition to the effects of UACR levels, eGFR stages significantly increased the adjusted hazard ratios for renal events and all-cause mortality, especially in patients with macroalbuminuria. Diabetic nephropathy score, based on the prognostic factors, well predicted incidence rates per 1000 patient/year for each event. CONCLUSIONS Increased UACR levels were closely related to the increase in risks for renal, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas the association between high levels of UACR and reduced eGFR was a strong predictor for renal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan,
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Sone H, Akanuma Y, Yamada N. [Cutting-edge of medicine; clinical epidemiology regarding clinical and pathophysiological features of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus]. NIHON NAIKA GAKKAI ZASSHI. THE JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2013; 102:2714-2722. [PMID: 24400556 DOI: 10.2169/naika.102.2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yasuo Akanuma
- Institute for Adult Disease. Asahi Life Foundation, Japan
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Okayama KI, Mita T, Gosho M, Yamamoto R, Yoshida M, Kanazawa A, Kawamori R, Fujitani Y, Watada H. Carotid intima-media thickness progression predicts cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 101:286-92. [PMID: 23835494 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and free of history of cardiovascular events. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n=342) without history of cardiovascular events whose cIMT was assessed more than twice by ultrasonography were recruited and followed up for cardiovascular events. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 56 (16.4%) cardiovascular events (27 coronary events and 29 cerebrovascular events) were recorded. Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazard model identified cIMT progression as a significant determinant of cardiovascular events, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.24 (95% confidence interval; CI, 1.25-4.03, P<0.01), in addition to baseline cIMT. The Kaplan-Meier curves also showed significantly higher event rate in patients with high cIMT progression compared with those with low cIMT progression (log-rank χ(2)=6.65; P<0.01). Furthermore, the combination of high baseline cIMT and high cIMT progression was a significant predictor of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that cIMT progression, in addition to baseline cIMT, is a predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM without history of cardiovascular events, and that the combination of cIMT progression and baseline cIMT has a strong predictive power for such events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaede Ishikawa Okayama
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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34
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Teramoto T, Sasaki J, Ishibashi S, Birou S, Daida H, Dohi S, Egusa G, Hiro T, Hirobe K, Iida M, Kihara S, Kinoshita M, Maruyama C, Ohta T, Okamura T, Yamashita S, Yokode M, Yokote K. Cardiovascular disease risk factors other than dyslipidemia. Executive summary of the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for the diagnosis and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in Japan - 2012 version. J Atheroscler Thromb 2013; 20:733-42. [PMID: 23892529 DOI: 10.5551/jat.17368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Teramoto
- Committee for Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Atherosclerosis
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35
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Yokoyama H, Araki S, Haneda M, Matsushima M, Kawai K, Hirao K, Oishi M, Sugimoto K, Sone H, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A. Chronic kidney disease categories and renal-cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes without prevalent cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study (JDDM25). Diabetologia 2012; 55:1911-8. [PMID: 22476921 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2536-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In type 2 diabetic patients at low risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the relationship between the clinical course of nephropathy by stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and onset of CVD remains unclear. Clarification of this relationship is important for clinical decision-making for both low- and high-risk diabetic patients. METHODS This 4 year prospective study enrolled 2,954 type 2 diabetic patients with no prevalent CVD, and serum creatinine <176.8 μmol/l. The risk for CVD onset (non-fatal and fatal CVD and stroke, and peripheral arterial disease) was assessed according to CKD stage categorised by urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR; mg/mmol) and estimated GFR (eGFR; ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)). Association of progression from 'no CKD' stage (ACR <3.5 mg/mmol and eGFR ≥ 90 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)) with risk for CVD onset was also evaluated. RESULTS During follow-up (median 3.8 years), 89 CVD events occurred. Compared with patients with 'no CKD' as reference, those with ACR ≥ 35.0 mg/mmol with co-existing eGFR 60-89 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) or <60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) showed increased risk for CVD onset, whereas those with eGFR ≥ 90 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) did not. Those with ACR <3.5 mg/mmol and eGFR <60 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) did not show any increased risk. Among patients with 'no CKD' stage at baseline, those who progressed to ACR ≥ 3.5 mg/mmol during follow-up showed an increased risk compared with those who did not, whereas those who progressed to eGFR <90 ml min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) did not have increased risk. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The risk for CVD was associated with progression of albuminuria stage rather than eGFR stage in type 2 diabetic patients at relatively low risk for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yokoyama
- Jiyugaoka Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine, West 6, South 6-4-3, Obihiro 080-0016, Japan.
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Yokote K, Saito Y. Time to consider an Asian guideline for management of dyslipidemia? J Diabetes Investig 2012; 3:199-201. [PMID: 24843566 PMCID: PMC4014938 DOI: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
- E‐mail:
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Ehara H, Yamamoto-Honda R, Kitazato H, Takahashi Y, Kawazu S, Akanuma Y, Noda M. ApoE isoforms, treatment of diabetes and the risk of coronary heart disease. World J Diabetes 2012; 3:54-9. [PMID: 22442750 PMCID: PMC3310005 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving standard medical treatment. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart analysis of 269 middle-aged patients (age 45-64 years, mean age, 53.9 ± 5.5 years) with T2DM and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular events who underwent typing to determine their apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms. The apoE isoforms were determined using isoelectric focusing, followed by immunoblotting. We retrospectively evaluated the charts of the 269 patients, recorded between their first visit to the hospital (the study's start point, between 1987 and 1992) and the occurrence of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular event (the study's endpoint) or January 2004, whichever came first. The age-adjusted mean values and the prevalences of covariates were calculated to compare the laboratory data among the apoE phenotypes. To investigate the association of risk factors with the incidence of coronary heart disease during the follow-up period, monovariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used. RESULTS At enrollment, the mean serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were lowest (2.92 ± 0.89 mmol/L) among the subjects with apoE2 (apoE2/2 or apoE2/3) and highest (3.52 ± 0.77 mmol/L) among the subjects with apoE4 (apoE3/4 or apoE4/4). No significant differences in mean age or the percentage of smokers were observed among the three groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, HbA1c level or serum triglyceride levels among the three groups. There were 47 cases of coronary heart disease over 3285 person-years of follow-up. An age-adjusted multivariate Cox proportional model identified diabetic retinopathy (hazard ratio, 2.38, 95% CI: 1.28-4.43, P = 0.006), a high systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio, 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.06, P < 0.001) and high HbA1c values (hazard ratio, 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38, P = 0.0029), but not the LDL cholesterol value at enrollment (hazard ratio, 1.01, 95% CI: 0.97-1.05, P = 0.77) nor the specific apoE isoform, as significant predictors of coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Under standard medical treatment of diabetes, including the control of LDL cholesterol levels, the apoE4 isoform was not associated with coronary heart disease among T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ehara
- Hideki Ehara, Hiroji Kitazato, Shoji Kawazu, Yasuo Akanuma, the Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, 2-2-6, Nihonbashi-bakurocho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0002, Japan
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