1
|
Pham MD, Chaney KE, Lin M. " Our Wars Are the Same": (Horizontal) Collectivism Is Associated With Lay Theory of Generalized Prejudice. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241273274. [PMID: 39313882 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The present research investigated the associations of collectivism with lay theory of generalized prejudice (LTGP) endorsement and, consequently, intraminority allyship. Study 1 recruited people from Chile, Germany, Mexico, Israel, and the United States (N = 655) and found that higher levels of self-reported collectivism were associated with stronger LTGP endorsements. Study 2 replicated this collectivism-LTGP relationship among Chinese individuals in 19 countries (N = 118). In Study 3, Latinx U.S. participants (N = 334) primed with high (versus low) collectivism endorsed LTGP more strongly, which was associated with greater stigma-based solidarity and intraminority allyship. Study 4 recruited from Greece, South Africa, Mexico, New Zealand, and the United States (N = 778), and found that horizontal (but not vertical) collectivism was associated with LTGP and thus allyship. Study 4 identified three mechanisms linking (horizontal) collectivism and LTGP: connecting discrimination, attention to discrimination, and empathy. Findings highlight collectivistic mindsets as a strategy to facilitate intraminority coalitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly E Chaney
- University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee S, Kim B. Exploring How Stereotype Modification Mediates the Relationship between Social Dominance and Multicultural Acceptance. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:745. [PMID: 39335961 PMCID: PMC11429021 DOI: 10.3390/bs14090745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This research examines the mediating role of stereotype modification in the relationship between social dominance orientation (SDO) and multicultural acceptance in South Korea's increasingly diverse society. We obtained a sample of 402 participants between the ages of 20 and 65 through an online survey. We used SPSS 26.0 for statistical analyses, including frequency, correlation, and regression analyses. Employing Hayes' Model 4, we examined the mediation effect with a bootstrap sample of 10,000 iterations, determining the significance of the effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The results revealed nuanced relationships among the variables, shedding light on the complex dynamics of social cognition and intergroup relationships in the South Korean context. The research concludes that individuals with a higher social dominance orientation tend to have lower acceptance of multiculturalism and are more likely to hold prejudiced attitudes toward outgroups. This finding suggests that SDO is a significant factor in integrating and adapting migrants into host societies and can lead to social conflict. The study implies that addressing SDO is crucial for fostering positive attitudes toward multiculturalism and reducing discrimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowon Lee
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Mollandsøy AB, Nornes C, Erevik EK, Pallesen S. Predicting hostility towards women: incel-related factors in a general sample of men. Scand J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 39104169 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Hostility towards women is a type of prejudice that can have adverse effects on women and society, but research on predictors of men's hostility towards women is limited. The present study primarily introduced predictors associated with misogynist involuntary celibates (incels), and then investigated whether loneliness, rejection, attractiveness, number of romantic and sexual partners, right-wing authoritarianism, and gaming predicted hostility towards women among a more general sample of men. A total of 473 men (aged 18-35, single, heterosexual, UK residents) recruited via Prolific answered the hostile sexism subscale, the misogyny scale, the self-perceived sexual attractiveness scale, the right-wing authoritarianism scale, the game addiction scale for adolescents, the adult rejection-sensitivity scale, the UCLA loneliness scale, and self-developed questions regarding number of sexual and romantic partners, and time spent gaming. We found a strong positive relationship between right-wing authoritarianism and hostility towards women, as well as a strong convex curvilinear relationship between attractiveness and hostility towards women. The number of sexual partners showed a moderate concave relationship with hostility towards women. We did not find sufficient support for a relationship between gaming and hostility towards women, and there was no support that loneliness, rejection, or romantic partners predicted hostility towards women among a general sample of men. Our study supports right-wing authoritarianism and self-perceived attractiveness as potential strong predictors in understanding men's hostility towards women in the wider community. Pre-registration: https://osf.io/ms3a4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Cecilie Nornes
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eilin K Erevik
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nicol AAM, Tóth-Király I. Relations Between Rape Myths, Ambivalent Sexism, Social Dominance Orientation, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism Across Gay and Straight Women and Men: More Similar Than Dissimilar. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38959089 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2024.2371951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Rape myths support and fuel cultural understandings regarding gender roles and deny the victim's rights and strengthen those of the instigator. Little research exists examining the invariance of rape myths measures and models used to explain rape myths across gay and straight samples. Examining correlates of rape myths and determining if the pattern of relations between correlates is similar across gay and straight male and female samples provides insights into socially constant factors that are influencing rape myth acceptance. Participants (294 straight women, 282 gay women, 293 straight men, and 234 gay men) were asked to complete measures of social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), ambivalent sexism toward women, ambivalent sexism toward men, and rape myths toward women. We tested four models that highlighted significant, direct paths between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. Both hostile sexism toward women and benevolent sexism toward men demonstrated significant indirect effects between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. Benevolent sexism toward women and hostile sexism toward men demonstrated, in most samples, significant indirect effects between SDO, RWA, and rape myth acceptance. However, the strength of those relations differed for gay and heterosexual samples. This provides further understanding of rape myths as SDO, RWA, and benevolent and hostile sexism toward men and women play a role in supporting rape myth acceptance and establishes that, overall, these relations are more similar than dissimilar across straight and gay samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid A M Nicol
- Military Psychology and Leadership Department, The Royal Military College of Canada
| | - István Tóth-Király
- Substantive-Methodological Synergy Research Laboratory, Concordia University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kleppesto TH, Czajkowski NO, Vassend O, Roysamb E, Eftedal NH, Sheehy-Skeffington J, Ystrom E, Kunst JR, Gjerde LC, Thomsen L. Attachment and Political Personality are Heritable and Distinct Systems, and Both Share Genetics with Interpersonal Trust and Altruism. Behav Genet 2024; 54:321-332. [PMID: 38811431 PMCID: PMC11196312 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-024-10185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The attachment and caregiving domains maintain proximity and care-giving behavior between parents and offspring, in a way that has been argued to shape people's mental models of how relationships work, resulting in secure, anxious or avoidant interpersonal styles in adulthood. Several theorists have suggested that the attachment system is closely connected to orientations and behaviors in social and political domains, which should be grounded in the same set of familial experiences as are the different attachment styles. We use a sample of Norwegian twins (N = 1987) to assess the genetic and environmental relationship between attachment, trust, altruism, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO). Results indicate no shared environmental overlap between attachment and ideology, nor even between the attachment styles or between the ideological traits, challenging conventional wisdom in developmental, social, and political psychology. Rather, evidence supports two functionally distinct systems, one for navigating intimate relationships (attachment) and one for navigating social hierarchies (RWA/SDO), with genetic overlap between traits within each system, and two distinct genetic linkages to trust and altruism. This is counter-posed to theoretical perspectives that link attachment, ideology, and interpersonal orientations through early relational experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haarklau Kleppesto
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Vassend
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Roysamb
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Sheehy-Skeffington
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Center for the Experimental Philosophical Investigation of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas R Kunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line C Gjerde
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lotte Thomsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for the Experimental Philosophical Investigation of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fuglsang S. What if some people just do not like science? How personality traits relate to attitudes toward science and technology. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:623-633. [PMID: 38243812 DOI: 10.1177/09636625231220341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
As societal discussion on the public opinion of science and technology ignites over and over again, understanding where such opinions are rooted is increasingly relevant. A handful of prior studies have suggested personality traits as a root of science and technology attitudes. However, these report mixed findings, and employ small student or convenience samples. This leaves considerable uncertainty regarding personality traits' relation to attitudes toward science and technology. If in fact stable psychological predispositions play a role, this has considerable implications for science policy and science communication. This article investigates the relationship between the big five personality traits and science attitudes in Germany and the Netherlands. Findings indicate that personality traits are related to science attitudes but only very weakly so, among them openness to experience and negative emotionality are most notably related to science attitudes, whereas extraversion, in contrast to prior studies, shows no relation to science and technology attitudes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Neerdaels J, Tröster C, Van Quaquebeke N. It's (a) Shame: Why Poverty Leads to Support for Authoritarianism. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024; 50:942-956. [PMID: 36575968 DOI: 10.1177/01461672221141509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The literature has widely discussed and supported the relationship between poverty and support for authoritarian leaders and regimes. However, there are different claims about the mediating mechanism and a lack of empirical tests. We hypothesize that the effect of poverty on support for authoritarianism is mediated by shame: People living in poverty frequently experience social exclusion and devaluation, which is reflected in feelings of shame. Such shame, in turn, is likely to increase support for authoritarianism, mainly due to the promise of social re-inclusion. We support our hypothesis in two controlled experiments and a large-scale field study while empirically ruling out the two main alternative explanations offered in the literature: stress and anxiety. Finally, we discuss how the present findings can support policymakers in efficiently addressing the negative political consequences of poverty.
Collapse
|
8
|
McAdams DP, Mayukha A. Hiding in plain view: An historical perspective on the study of morality in personality psychology. J Pers 2024; 92:666-682. [PMID: 36648361 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to identify the major ideas and trends in the study of morality within personality psychology over the past 100 years. METHOD Our historical review is organized into three sections, examining moral dimensions in personality from the standpoints of the person as (1) a social actor (moral traits), (2) a motivated agent (the mental infrastructure of morality), and (3) an autobiographical author (moral life stories). RESULTS Within the field of personality psychology, a great deal of research into morality has been hiding for decades in plain view. Accordingly, we trace the history of research on socialization and instrumental competence, altruism, moral traits and virtues, the dimensions of morality inherent in the authoritarian personality, personal values, moral reasoning, moral intuitions, and the life stories constructed by people who have distinguished themselves for moral excellence, as evidenced in extraordinary bravery, compassion, or generativity. CONCLUSIONS In a multitude of ways, human beings express and experience individual differences in their moral engagement of the world, all of which fall within the purview of personality psychology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan P McAdams
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ananya Mayukha
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kleppesto TH, Czajkowski NO, Sheehy-Skeffington J, Vassend O, Roysamb E, Eftedal NH, Kunst JR, Ystrom E, Thomsen L. The genetic underpinnings of right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation explain political attitudes beyond Big Five personality. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38386613 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Political attitudes are predicted by the key ideological variables of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), as well as some of the Big Five personality traits. Past research indicates that personality and ideological traits are correlated for genetic reasons. A question that has yet to be tested concerns whether the genetic variation underlying the ideological traits of RWA and SDO has distinct contributions to political attitudes, or if genetic variation in political attitudes is subsumed under the genetic variation underlying standard Big Five personality traits. METHOD We use data from a sample of 1987 Norwegian twins to assess the genetic and environmental relationships between the Big Five personality traits, RWA, SDO, and their separate contributions to political policy attitudes. RESULTS RWA and SDO exhibit very high genetic correlation (r = 0.78) with each other and some genetic overlap with the personality traits of openness and agreeableness. Importantly, they share a larger genetic substrate with political attitudes (e.g., deporting an ethnic minority) than do Big Five personality traits, a relationship that persists even when controlling for the genetic foundations underlying personality traits. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the genetic foundations of ideological traits and political attitudes are largely non-overlapping with the genetic foundations of Big Five personality traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haarklau Kleppesto
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Sheehy-Skeffington
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Center for the Experimental Philosophical Investigation of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Olav Vassend
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Roysamb
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jonas R Kunst
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lotte Thomsen
- Center for the Experimental Philosophical Investigation of Discrimination, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grežo M, Adamus M, Tencerová J. Palliative and hegemonic dimensions of conservatism: the mitigating role of institutional trust in shaping attitudes toward migrants and migration policy preferences. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1308990. [PMID: 38425552 PMCID: PMC10903344 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1308990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explores the links between palliative and hegemonic dimensions of conservatism, attitudes toward migrants and restrictive migration policy preferences. Participants reported on their palliative dimension (social conservatism, traditionalism) and hegemonic dimension (social dominance orientation, collective narcissism) of conservatism, trust in government, attitudes toward migrants, and restrictive migration policy preferences. The results show that both dimensions of conservatism are indirectly linked to more restrictive migration policy preferences through negative attitudes toward migrants. Moreover, the present study indicates that increasing institutional trust may be an effective mechanism mitigating negative attitudes toward migrants for individuals high in the palliative dimension of conservatism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Grežo
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Magdalena Adamus
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Public Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Tencerová
- Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fabio RA, Croce A. The Role of Peace Attitudes on Sustainable Behaviors: An Exploratory Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38392473 PMCID: PMC10886167 DOI: 10.3390/bs14020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study delves into the intricate relationship among peace attitudes, personality traits, and sustainable behaviors in a diverse sample of 279 adults from different regions of Italy. Building upon the existing literature, this research affirms the influence of agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness as primary personality traits associated with sustainable behaviors. Additionally, this study scrutinizes the unique predictive power of peace attitudes. The Peace Attitude Scale (PAS), the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), and the Sustainable Behaviors Scale (SBS) were utilized to evaluate peace attitudes, personality traits, and sustainable behaviors. The analysis reveals that peace attitudes significantly predict sustainable behaviors, accounting for 31% of the variance. This predictability is attributed to intrinsic motivation and value alignment. Importantly, peace attitudes extend beyond environmental concerns to embrace social justice and equity, integral components of sustainability. The findings underscore the unique and substantial contribution of peace attitudes to understanding sustainable behavior. This study not only confirms the role of personality traits but also emphasizes the importance of intrinsic values in propelling pro-environmental actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angela Fabio
- Department of Economy, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi, 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Croce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Bivona, 98122 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Appel RE, Pan J, Roberts ME. Partisan conflict over content moderation is more than disagreement about facts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6799. [PMID: 37922349 PMCID: PMC10624338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Social media companies have come under increasing pressure to remove misinformation from their platforms, but partisan disagreements over what should be removed have stymied efforts to deal with misinformation in the United States. Current explanations for these disagreements center on the "fact gap"-differences in perceptions about what is misinformation. We argue that partisan differences could also be due to "party promotion"-a desire to leave misinformation online that promotes one's own party-or a "preference gap"-differences in internalized preferences about whether misinformation should be removed. Through an experiment where respondents are shown false headlines aligned with their own or the opposing party, we find some evidence of party promotion among Democrats and strong evidence of a preference gap between Democrats and Republicans. Even when Republicans agree that content is false, they are half as likely as Democrats to say that the content should be removed and more than twice as likely to consider removal as censorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Appel
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer Pan
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret E. Roberts
- Department of Political Science and Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Górska P, Marchlewska M, Szczepańska D, Molenda Z, Michalski P, Furman A. A vicious circle? Longitudinal relationships between different modes of in-group identity and COVID-19 conspiracy thinking. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 163:877-894. [PMID: 35959690 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2022.2111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Since March 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the spread of COVID-19 a global pandemic, conspiracy theories have continued to rise. This research examines the role of different forms of in-group identity in predicting conspiracy thinking in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. We hypothesized that conspiracy thinking would be predicted positively by national narcissism (i.e., a belief in in-group's greatness which is contingent on its external validation and makes in-group members sensitive to psychological threats) but negatively by secure national identification (i.e., a confidently held ingroup evaluation, which serves as a buffer against psychological threats). In a three-wave longitudinal study conducted on a representative sample of adult Poles (N = 650), conspiracy thinking was positively predicted by national narcissism, but negatively by national identification. Further, we found evidence that conspiracy thinking strengthened national narcissism (but not national identification) over time. Implications for intra- and intergroup processes are discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Stevens D, Banducci S, Horvath L. Authoritarianism, perceptions of security threats, and the COVID-19 pandemic: A new perspective. Politics Life Sci 2023; 43:60-82. [PMID: 38567785 DOI: 10.1017/pls.2023.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
This article offers a new perspective on when and why individual-level authoritarian perceptions of security threats change. We reexamine claims that authoritarian members of the public responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a counterintuitive fashion. The response was counterintuitive in that, rather than a desire for a stronger government with the ability to impose measures to address the pandemic and its consequences, authoritarian individuals rejected a stronger government response and embraced individual autonomy. The article draws on perceptions of security threats-issues that directly or indirectly harm personal or collective safety and welfare-from surveys in two different contexts in England: 2012, when perceptions of the threat from infectious disease was low relative to most other security threats, and 2020, when perceptions of the personal and collective threat of COVID-19 superseded all other security threats. We argue that the authoritarian response was not counterintuitive once we account for the type of threat it represented.
Collapse
|
15
|
Seitova D, Nariman HS, Kovacs M. Cosmopolitanism and social dominance orientation mediate relationship between political orientation and sexism. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 240:104037. [PMID: 37741034 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, 'anti-gender discourse' has been institutionalised by the governing right-wing party in Hungary to a wide effect, from the removal of accreditation from a gender studies MA program to the Parliament's refusal to ratify the Istanbul Convention. The anti-egalitarian backlash echoes those emergent in other countries where right-wing populism has gained ground - such as Poland, Turkey, India, the United States, and Brazil. The present study examined the role of two opposite orientations, cosmopolitanism as an egalitarian worldview and social dominance orientation as the preference for hierarchies and inequality among groups and people in general, in mediating the relationship between political orientation and sexism among a representative Hungarian sample (N = 1000). The path analysis revealed that left-wing political orientation was associated with higher levels of cosmopolitan orientation, while right-wing political orientation was associated with higher levels of SDO. Higher levels of cosmopolitan orientation were associated with a more positive attitude toward feminists and lower levels of modern sexism and gender-based zero-sum thinking, while higher levels of SDO were associated with the opposite. Furthermore, cosmopolitan orientation mediated the relationship between political orientation and modern sexism and attitudes toward feminists, while SDO mediated the relationship between political orientation and modern sexism and gender-based zero-sum thinking. Our study emphasizes the important role of cosmopolitan orientation in opposing SDO and promoting a more egalitarian worldview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilyara Seitova
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Hadi Sam Nariman
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Kovacs
- Institute of Intercultural Psychology and Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lavender Forsyth GA, Chaudhuri A, Atkinson QD. Validating the dual evolutionary foundations of political values in a US sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1189771. [PMID: 37425180 PMCID: PMC10326618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1189771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological research repeatedly identifies two dimensions of political values. Recent work argues that these dimensions reflect the dual evolutionary foundations of human social and political life: a trade-off between cooperation and competition that generates differences in values about social inequality, and a trade-off in managing group coordination that generates differences in values about social control. Existing scales used to measure political values, however, were created prior to this framework. Here, we introduce the Dual Foundations Scale, designed to capture values about the two trade-offs. We validate the scale across two studies, showing it accurately and reliably measures both dimensions. Our results support key predictions of the dual foundations framework and pave the way for future work on the foundations of political ideology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ananish Chaudhuri
- Department of Economics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Quentin Douglas Atkinson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for the Study of Social Cohesion, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grossi G, Strappini F, Iuliano E, Passiatore Y, Mancini F, Levantini V, Masi G, Milone A, Santaguida E, Salekin RT, Muratori P, Buonanno C. Psychopathic Traits, Externalizing Problems, and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103521. [PMID: 37240627 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathic traits in community and referred youths are strongly associated with severe externalizing problems and low prosocial behavior. However, less is known about the mechanisms that may link youth psychopathy and these outcomes. Social dominance orientation (SDO), defined as the general individual orientation toward unequal and dominant/subordinate relationships, might represent a valuable construct to explore to better understand the association between psychopathic traits, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. Based on this, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychopathic traits, SDO, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior in a community sample (N = 92, 45.57% females, mean age = 12.53, and SD = 0.60) and in a clinical (N = 29, 9% female, mean age = 12.57, and SD = 0.57) samples of adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder. Results showed that SDO mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and externalizing problems and between psychopathic traits and prosocial behavior only in the clinical sample. These findings can provide valuable information on psychopathic trait correlates in youths with aggressive behavior disorders; treatment implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grossi
- APC-SPC Scuola di Pscioterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Centro di Psicoterapia e Riabiliatzione InMovimento, 04022 Fondi, Italy
| | - Francesca Strappini
- APC-SPC Scuola di Pscioterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Iuliano
- APC-SPC Scuola di Pscioterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Centro di Psicoterapia e Riabiliatzione InMovimento, 04022 Fondi, Italy
| | - Ylenia Passiatore
- Centro di Psicoterapia e Riabiliatzione InMovimento, 04022 Fondi, Italy
- Department of Education Sciences, Università Degli Studi Roma Tre, 00154 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Mancini
- APC-SPC Scuola di Pscioterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences, Università Degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Levantini
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Erica Santaguida
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Randall T Salekin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonanno
- APC-SPC Scuola di Pscioterapia Cognitiva, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Claessens S, Sibley CG, Chaudhuri A, Atkinson QD. Cooperative and conformist behavioural preferences predict the dual dimensions of political ideology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4886. [PMID: 36966181 PMCID: PMC10039865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research suggest that our political differences are best captured by two dimensions of political ideology. The dual evolutionary framework of political ideology predicts that these dimensions should be related to variation in social preferences for cooperation and group conformity. Here, we combine data from a New Zealand survey and a suite of incentivised behavioural tasks (n = 991) to test whether cooperative and conformist preferences covary with a pair of widely used measures of the two dimensions of political ideology-Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)-and related policy views. As predicted, we find that cooperative behaviour is negatively related to SDO and economically conservative policy views, while conformist behaviour in the form of social information use is positively related to RWA and socially conservative policy views. However, we did not find the predicted relationships between punitive and rule following behaviours and RWA or socially conservative views, raising questions about the interpretation of punishment and rule following tasks and the nature of authoritarian conformist preferences. These findings reveal how cooperative and conformist preferences that evolved to help us navigate social challenges in our ancestral past continue to track our political differences even today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Claessens
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Floor 2, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chris G Sibley
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Floor 2, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ananish Chaudhuri
- Department of Economics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- CESifo, Munich, Germany
| | - Quentin D Atkinson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Floor 2, Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Renström EA. Exploring the role of entitlement, Social Dominance Orientation, Right-Wing authoritarianism, and the moderating role of being single on misogynistic attitudes. NORDIC PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2023.2186816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma A. Renström
- Department of Psychology, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schermer JA, Branković M, Čekrlija Đ, MacDonald KB, Park J, Papazova E, Volkodav T, Iliško D, Wlodarczyk A, Kwiatkowska MM, Rogoza R, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Ha TTK, Kowalski CM, Malik S, Lins S, Navarro-Carrillo G, Aquino SD, Doroszuk M, Riđić O, Pylat N, Özsoy E, Tan CS, Mamuti A, Ardi R, Jukić T, Uslu O, Buelvas LM, Liik K, Kruger G. Loneliness and Vertical and Horizontal Collectivism and Individualism: A Multinational Study. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
|
21
|
Panzeri A, Mignemi G, Bruno G, Granziol U, Scalavicci C, Bertamini M, Bennett KM, Spoto A, Vidotto G. The role of the COVID-19 impersonal threat strengthening the associations of right-wing attitudes, nationalism and anti-immigrant sentiments. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36747914 PMCID: PMC9892674 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Literature showed that the link between right-wing attitudes and ethnocentric attitudes gets stronger under existential threats, but the role exerted by an impersonal threat - as COVID-19 - on right-wing attitudes is still unclear. This study aimed to highlight the role of anxiety exerted by the impersonal COVID-19 threat on the relationship between right-wing attitudes and ethnocentric attitudes, as nationalism and anti-immigrants' sentiments. As part of an international project to evaluate the impact of COVID-19, this study administered an online survey to a representative sample (n 1038). The anxiety generated by an impersonal threat as COVID-19 - thus not exerted by any outgroup - can moderate the relationship among personal Right-Wing Authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and ethnocentric attitudes. This is the first study demonstrating that existential threat is effective also when exerted by an impersonal agent (as COVID-19) rather than by an outgroup. Second, these findings disclose useful implications for preventive psychological interventions and for social policy makers. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04305-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panzeri
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mignemi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bruno
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Umberto Granziol
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Cecilia Scalavicci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bertamini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Kate Mary Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea Spoto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Vidotto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, via Venezia 8, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sindermann C, Kannen C, Montag C. Linking primary emotional traits to ideological attitudes and personal value types. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279885. [PMID: 36595556 PMCID: PMC9810181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating associations of both ideological attitudes and personal value types with the personality traits derived from the Affective Neuroscience Theory (ANT). For that, data of N = 626 (n = 403 men, n = 220 women, n = 3 identifying as neither a man nor a woman) participants of an online survey in the German language were analyzed. Relations of primary emotional traits derived from the ANT with Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), and personal value types, such as the higher-order value type dimensions "Conservation-Openness to Change" and "Self-Enhancement-Self-Transcendence", were examined by means of correlational analyses and structural equation modeling. Results revealed among others relations between low SEEKING, high ANGER and high RWA. Low CARE and high ANGER were associated with high SDO. Moreover, FEAR was related to the higher-order value type dimension ranging from Conservation to Openness to Change. ANGER was associated with the higher-order value type dimension ranging from Self-Enhancement to Self-Transcendence. The present results do not only expand knowledge on the personality traits associated with ideological attitudes and personal value types. Beyond this, considering the neuroanatomical, functional, and neurochemical correlates of the primary emotional traits SEEKING, ANGER, CARE, and FEAR, the present results may provide a roadmap for forthcoming studies aiming at examining biological correlates of ideological attitudes and personal value types, such as those works in the field of political neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Sindermann
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher Kannen
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bawden L, Gerace A, Reynolds AC, Anderson JR. Psychological and demographic predictors of support for same-sex marriage: An Australian survey. PSYCHOLOGY & SEXUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19419899.2022.2158363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bawden
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity
| | - Adam Gerace
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity
| | - Amy C. Reynolds
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University
| | - Joel R. Anderson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University
- Australian Centre for Sex, Health, and Society, La Trobe University
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dierckx K, Van Hiel A, Johnson JD, Lecci L, Valcke B, Sekwena EK. Adaptation and validation of the Johnson-Lecci scale to assess anti-white bias among black UK minority group members. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277077. [PMID: 36441741 PMCID: PMC9704568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study (total N = 901) set out to construct and validate a culturally sensitive instrument to examine anti-White bias among Black UK minority group members. Our novel measure of anti-White bias-which we called the AWB scale-was based upon the Johnson-Lecci scale (JLS; 2003) a questionnaire designed to measure anti-White attitudes among Black Americans. Studies 1 and 2 provided converging evidence for the AWB's four-factor dimensionality, its structural characteristics, its temporal stability and its external validity in Black UK samples, attesting to the consistency of minorities' experience of anti-majority bias in two very different societal contexts. Moreover, Study 3 evidenced our measure's utility for understanding reactions to various relevant contemporary societal events. Theoretical contributions to the literature on intergroup bias are delineated and compared with majority-to-minority prejudice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dierckx
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Van Hiel
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Len Lecci
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara Valcke
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kefilwe Sekwena
- Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology with Labour Relations Management, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banai B, Bačić M, Banai IP. Preference for leaders with high and low facial width-to-height ratios: moderating roles of political ideology and voting context. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 11:29-38. [PMID: 38013826 PMCID: PMC10654341 DOI: 10.5114/cipp/151672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been argued that human ancestors evolved greater sensitivity to certain traits that signal dominance in potential leaders. From this perspective, modern voters still favor certain physical characteristics during political elections. Indeed, previous studies have shown that voters prefer dominant candidates, especially when primed with wartime scenarios, and with conservative voters being more likely to choose a dominant leader. Because facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) was found to be positively associated with perceived dominance, we sought to investigate the effect of fWHR on leader preference by taking into an account voting context and voters' political ideology. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE A total of 148 participants took part in two online experiments in which we manipulated standardized facial images to represent faces with low and high fWHR. Furthermore, we assessed participants' political ideology and asked them to rate the extent to which faces with low and high fWHR looked like leaders during wartime and peacetime scenarios. RESULTS Preference for leaders with high fWHR was positively related to participants' political ideology, but only in a wartime scenario, suggesting that the more conservative participants were, the higher was their preference for leaders with high fWHR. This is consistent with the notion that preferences for dominant-looking leaders vary as a function of the contextual (voting context) and individual differences (political ideology). CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide new evidence for the contribution of fWHR in leader preference and significantly adds to the results of previous research demonstrating the roles of voters' political ideology and politicians' physical characteristics in perceiving leadership abilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marinela Bačić
- Department of Psychology, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Irena Pavela Banai
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Istiqomah, Hudiyana J, Milla MN, Muluk H, Takwin B. Islam and politics: A latent class analysis of Indonesian Muslims based on political attitudes and psychological determinants. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.7303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the diversity of Muslim political attitudes by conducting a latent class analysis in the rarely investigated context of Indonesia—the largest Muslim country in the world. We surveyed a total of 1208 Indonesian Muslim participants from eight out of 33 Indonesian provinces. The latent class analysis revealed that there are six clusters of Muslim Individuals based on their political attitudes: Fundamentalist Muslim, Nationalist Muslim, Apolitical Muslim, Hijrah Muslim, Moderate Muslim, and Progressive Muslim. Moreover, we also found several meaningful differences in psychological correlates (right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and need for cognitive closure) across the six clusters. Taken together, this study sheds some light upon the diversity of Muslim political attitudes and the psychological tendencies that correspond with such attitudes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Morris DSM, Stewart BD. Moral values, social ideologies and threat-based cognition: Implications for intergroup relations. Front Psychol 2022; 13:869121. [PMID: 36275231 PMCID: PMC9582249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Moral foundations theory (MFT) has provided an account of the moral values that underscore different cultural and political ideologies, and these moral values of harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and purity can help to explain differences in political and cultural ideologies; however, the extent to which moral foundations relate to strong social ideologies, intergroup processes and threat perceptions is still underdeveloped. To explore this relationship, we conducted two studies. In Study 1 (N = 157), we considered how the moral foundations predicted strong social ideologies such as authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO) as well as attitudes toward immigrants. Here, we demonstrated that more endorsement of individualizing moral foundations (average of harm and fairness) was related to less negative intergroup attitudes, which was mediated by SDO, and that more endorsement of binding moral foundations (the average of loyalty, authority, and purity) was related to more negative attitudes, which was mediated by RWA. Crucially, further analyses also suggested the importance of threat perceptions as an underlying explanatory variable. Study 2 (N = 388) replicated these findings and extended them by measuring attitudes toward a different group reflecting an ethnic minority in the United States, and by testing the ordering of variables while also replicating and confirming the threat effects. These studies have important implications for using MFT to understand strong ideologies, intergroup relations, and threat perceptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S. M. Morris
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brandon D. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Honesty-Humility, the Dark Tetrad, and ideological beliefs: Their incremental validity in predicting explicit prejudice toward asylum seekers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
29
|
Sutter A, Vaswani M, Denice P, Choi KH, Bouchard J, Esses VM. Ageism toward older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Intergenerational conflict and support. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022; 78:JOSI12554. [PMID: 36249557 PMCID: PMC9538750 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A cross-national representative survey in Canada and the U.S. examined ageism toward older individuals during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, including ageist consumption stereotypes and perceptions of older people's competence and warmth. We also investigated predictors of ageism, including economic and health threat, social dominance orientation, individualism and collectivism, social distancing beliefs, and demographics. In both countries, younger adults were more likely to hold ageist consumption stereotypes, demonstrating intergenerational conflict about the resources being used by older people. Similarly, young adults provided older people with the lowest competence and warmth scores, though adults of all ages rated older individuals as more warm than competent. Particularly among younger individuals, beliefs about group-based dominance hierarchies, the importance of competition, and the costs of social distancing predicted greater endorsement, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted lower endorsement of ageist consumption stereotypes. Support for group-based inequality predicted lower perceived competence and warmth of older individuals, whereas beliefs about interdependence and the importance of sacrificing for the collective good predicted higher perceived competence and warmth of older individuals. Implications for policies and practices to reduce intergenerational conflict and ageist perceptions of older individuals are discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kornbluh M, Davis AL, Hoyt LT, Simpson SB, Cohen AK, Ballard PJ. Exploring civic behaviors amongst college students in a year of national unrest. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:2950-2972. [PMID: 35102552 PMCID: PMC9545712 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the role of demographics, civic beliefs, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in association with distinct forms of civic participation. College students were recruited across 10 institutions of higher education to complete an online survey. Bivariate, multivariable linear, and logistic regressions were performed. Findings indicated that participants from traditionally marginalized backgrounds were more likely to engage in systemchallenging forms of civic participation and community engagement than those from more privileged backgrounds. Participants who rated high in critical reflection, viewed racism as a key issue, and were heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic were also more likely to engage in system-challenging forms of civic participation. Participants who endorsed beliefs supporting current systems of power were more likely to report they intended to vote. Results highlight implications for antiracist activism, community engagement, and traditional political civic behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Kornbluh
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Amanda L. Davis
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Lindsay T. Hoyt
- Department of PsychologyFordham UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Savannah B. Simpson
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alison K. Cohen
- School of ManagementUniversity of California San FranciscoLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Radkiewicz P. Social and competitive threat as situational factors moderating relationships between moral judgments and different components of authoritarian ideology. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents research on the complexity of moral judgments underlying two components of authoritarian ideology: right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). Based on previous research, it was expected that people who were high on moral intuitions of Ingroup/loyalty and Authority/respect (Ethics of Community) should be high on RWA, whereas people who were high on moral intuitions of Care/harm and Fairness/reciprocity (Ethics of Autonomy) should be low on SDO. In more detailed hypotheses it was assumed that such general relationships would be moderated by situational factors - threat to social order and competitive threat, respectively. Two experimental studies were conducted: the first with manipulation of the threat to social order, and the second with manipulation of the competitive threat (N = 180 and 150, respectively). Both studies showed that Ethics of Community predicted clear increase in RWA, while the Ethics of Autonomy predicted considerable decrease in SDO. However positive relationships between Ingroup/loyalty and RWA as well as between Authority/respect and RWA were strongly reinforced by threat to social order, whereas the negative relationships between Care/harm and SDO as well as between Fairness/reciprocity and SDO diminished under situationally induced aggressive ‘Darwinian’ competition. The Ethics of Community appears as a moral basis for development of right-wing authoritarianism, and this relationship is especially strong when the social order is perceived as threatened. On the other hand, the Ethics of Autonomy can be seen as a moral basis for inhibition of social dominance orientation, but it loses the moral relevance in strongly competitive social environment.
Collapse
|
32
|
Kehn A, Kaniuka AR, Benson K, Sorby ML, Stornelli L, Cramer RJ. Assessing attitudes about hate: Further validation of the hate crime beliefs scale. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-11. [PMID: 35990200 PMCID: PMC9375071 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS) is an assessment of attitudes about hate crime laws, offenders, and victims. The original HCBS includes four subscales (negative beliefs, offender punishment, deterrence, and victim harm), while a shortened and modified version from the United Kingdom (UK; HCBS-UK) consists of three subscales (denial, sentencing, and compassion). We conducted a psychometric test of the HCBS in order to identify a best fitting structure with possible item reduction. A total of 463 participants completed the original HCBS, measures of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and demographic questions. Factor analyses revealed good fit of the data for a Hate Crime Beliefs Scale-Short Form (HCBS-SF), largely modeled after the HCBS-UK. The three subscales were: denial (i.e., downplaying hate crime severity and low support for hate crime laws), sentencing (i.e., support for more punitive offender punishment), and compassion (i.e., understanding and concern for victims). All subscales possessed acceptable internal consistency. The denial subscale was positively associated with RWA subscale and SDO scores. The sentencing and compassion subscales were significantly negatively correlated with SDO and RWA subscale scores. Republicans held the least supportive views of hate crime laws, concern for victims, and punishment of offenders. Data underscore the importance of evaluating hate crime beliefs in public opinion and other contexts. The HCBS-SF better captures hate crime related attitudes than the previously developed longer version of the HCBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Kehn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Andrea R. Kaniuka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Kevin Benson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| | - Mariah L. Sorby
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Lauren Stornelli
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, 501 N. Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA
| | - Robert J. Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Winter T, Jose PE, Riordan BC, Bizumic B, Ruffman T, Hunter JA, Hartman TK, Scarf D. Left-wing support of authoritarian submission to protect against societal threat. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269930. [PMID: 35853036 PMCID: PMC9295988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, adopted a “go hard, go early” approach to eliminate COVID-19. Although Ardern and her Labour party are considered left-leaning, the policies implemented during the pandemic (e.g., police roadblocks) have the hallmarks of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA). RWA is characterized by three attitudinal clusters (authoritarian aggression, submission, and conventionalism). The uniqueness of the clusters, and whether they react to environmental change, has been debated. Here, in the context of the pandemic, we investigate the relationship between political orientation and RWA. Specifically, we measured political orientation, support for New Zealand’s major political parties, and RWA among 1,430 adult community members. A multivariate Bayesian model demonstrated that, in the middle of a pandemic, both left-leaning and right-leaning individuals endorsed items tapping authoritarian submission. In contrast to authoritarian submission, and demonstrating the multidimensional nature of RWA, we observed the typical relationships between political orientation and authoritarian aggression and conventionalism was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Winter
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul E. Jose
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin C. Riordan
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Boris Bizumic
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ted Ruffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John A. Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Todd K. Hartman
- Department of Social Statistics, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zmigrod L. A Psychology of Ideology: Unpacking the Psychological Structure of Ideological Thinking. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1072-1092. [PMID: 35231196 PMCID: PMC9274788 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211044140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The psychological study of ideology has traditionally emphasized the content of ideological beliefs, guided by questions about what people believe, such as why people believe in omniscient gods or fascist worldviews. This theoretical focus has led to siloed subdisciplines separately dealing with political, religious, moral, and prejudiced attitudes. The fractionation has fostered a neglect of the cognitive structure of ideological worldviews and associated questions about why ideologies-in all their forms-are so compelling to the human mind. Here I argue that it is essential to consider the nature of ideological cognition across a multitude of ideologies. I offer a multidimensional, empirically tractable framework of ideological thinking, suggesting it can be conceptualized as a style of thinking that is rigid in its adherence to a doctrine and resistance to evidence-based belief-updating and favorably oriented toward an in-group and antagonistic to out-groups. The article identifies the subcomponents of ideological thinking and highlights that ideological thinking constitutes a meaningful psychological phenomenon that merits direct scholarly investigation and analysis. By emphasizing conceptual precision, methodological directions, and interdisciplinary integration across the political and cognitive sciences, the article illustrates the potential of this framework as a catalyst for developing a rigorous domain-general psychology of ideology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leor Zmigrod
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Panno A, De Cristofaro V, Pellegrini V, Leone L, Giacomantonio M, Anna Donati M. Proud to support social equality: Investigating the roles of pride, guilt, anger, and disgust in attitudes towards immigrants. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221098633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that low social dominance orientation (social equality orientation) promotes empathy with disadvantaged group members. In three studies, we tested a model relating preference for egalitarianism to positive attitudes towards immigrants through emotional experiences (pride, guilt, moral anger/ anger, disgust). Studies 1 and 2 showed that social equality orientation was positively related to proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride in helping immigrants, controlling for participants’ gender, age, and political orientation. Such a preference for egalitarianism was unrelated to proimmigrant attitudes through guilt for not helping immigrants and moral anger concerning mistreatment of immigrants. By focusing on emotional experience concerning proimmigrant national initiatives (e.g., integrating immigrants into the labor market), Study 3 corroborated the indirect effect of social equality orientation on proimmigrant attitudes through increased pride, controlling for participants’ gender, age, political orientation, as well as competitive jungle and dangerous world beliefs. Although much weaker, we also found a positive association between social equality orientation and proimmigrant attitudes through reduced anger, while no significant association through guilt and disgust was found. Results suggest that, relative to guilt, anger, and disgust, pride is the key channel through which preference for egalitarianism is related to positive attitudes towards immigrants. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Brubacher MR, Sidanius J, Silinda FT. RWA, SDO and race: A study of prejudice in South Africa. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5964/jspp.9353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Right-wing authoritarianism is concerned with adhering to conventional norms, while social dominance orientation supports racial hierarchy. As such, if conventional norms are opposed to racial hierarchy, it is possible that RWA and SDO would function in opposite directions. In South Africa, a normative view regarding equal civil rights across races has been promoted since the fall of apartheid. Therefore, RWA and SDO might have opposite relationships regarding beliefs in equal civil rights. To test this, South African undergraduates completed scales measuring RWA, SDO and two types of prejudice: beliefs in inequality regarding civil rights and desires for racial separation. For Black participants, RWA was a negative predictor of inequality regarding civil rights but was a positive predictor of racial separation. For White participants, these relationships involving RWA were nonsignificant. On the other hand, SDO was a positive predictor of both prejudices for both Black and White participants. Overall, SDO was a consistent predictor of prejudice while RWA was more variable and even supported egalitarian views.
Collapse
|
37
|
Nicol AAM, De France K, Mayrand Nicol A. The relation of climate change denial with benevolent and hostile sexism. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid A. M. Nicol
- Military Psychology and Leadership Department The Royal Military College of Canada Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Kalee De France
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Ariane Mayrand Nicol
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Trust in scientific information mediates associations between conservatism and coronavirus responses in the U.S., but few other nations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3724. [PMID: 35260605 PMCID: PMC8904544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
U.S.-based research suggests conservatism is linked with less concern about contracting coronavirus and less preventative behaviors to avoid infection. Here, we investigate whether these tendencies are partly attributable to distrust in scientific information, and evaluate whether they generalize outside the U.S., using public data and recruited representative samples across three studies (Ntotal = 34,710). In Studies 1 and 2, we examine these relationships in the U.S., yielding converging evidence for a sequential indirect effect of conservatism on compliance through scientific (dis)trust and infection concern. In Study 3, we compare these relationships across 19 distinct countries. Although the relationships between trust in scientific information about the coronavirus, concern about coronavirus infection, and compliance are consistent cross-nationally, the relationships between conservatism and trust in scientific information are not. These relationships are strongest in North America. Consequently, the indirect effects observed in Studies 1–2 only replicate in North America (the U.S. and Canada) and in Indonesia. Study 3 also found parallel direct and indirect effects on support for lockdown restrictions. These associations suggest not only that relationships between conservatism and compliance are not universal, but localized to particular countries where conservatism is more strongly related to trust in scientific information about the coronavirus pandemic.
Collapse
|
39
|
Falls T, Anderson J. Attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia: a systematic review. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2022.2039043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Falls
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Anderson
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Conspiracy beliefs of Italian voters for populist parties: The moderated mediational role of political interest and ideological attitudes. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 223:103508. [PMID: 35065530 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Grounded in the theoretical framework of the dual-process motivational model of ideology and politics, we investigated the mediational role of RWA and SDO on the relationship between voting for populist parties and conspiracy beliefs; the moderation of political interest was also explored. Collapsing different convenience samples gathered after the European election (2014/2015) and the General National Election (2018/2019) allowed us to analyse two datasets (Study 1, n = 4141; Study 2, n = 2301). We hypothesised that populist voters would report higher conspiracy beliefs, RWA, and SDO, compared to non-populist voters and abstainers, and that populist voters would report more conspiracy beliefs through indirect pathways running through RWA and SDO. Furthermore, we hypothesised that such direct and indirect associations would be stronger for individuals with high rather than low political interest. Analyses of variance and moderated mediation models mostly confirmed our expectations, although RWA, and not SDO, mediated the relationships in the expected directions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhai Y, Liu Y, Yang S, Song C. A dual process model of popular support for Internet surveillance. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
42
|
Parker KEM, Farrell N, Walker BR. The Impact of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory on Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3084-NP3106. [PMID: 32762392 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520948144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Why some people, and not others, exhibit aggression remains unknown. Research points to certain personality traits being linked to either proactive or reactive aggression, or both. The current study attempts to address these gaps from the perspective of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (rRST). Using 146 participants, results revealed Behavioral Approach System (BAS)-Impulsivity and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) predicted proactive and reactive aggression. Defensive Fight predicted reactive aggression. BAS-Impulsivity predicted proactive aggression partially mediated by Social Dominance Orientation. These findings suggest proactive and reactive aggression are motivated by a combination of anxiety and rapid, approach-motivational personality traits. This study provides further understanding of the specific relations between rRST and aggression, is integrated into the general aggression model, and has implications for treatment of aggressive individuals.
Collapse
|
43
|
Grigoryev D, Batkhina A, Conway LG, Zubrod A. Authoritarian attitudes in Russia:
Right‐wing
authoritarianism and social dominance orientation in the modern Russian context. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Grigoryev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Marques MD, Feather NT, Austin DEJ, Sibley CG. Attitudes towards favoring the fall of Tall Poppies: The role of Social Dominance Orientation, Authoritarianism, Political Ideologies, and Self-Esteem. The Journal of Social Psychology 2022; 162:640-653. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1944034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
45
|
Zhu C, Su R, Zhang X, Yin Y, Liu Y. Are social dominance and aggression completely harmful to an individual’s meaning in life? An explanation from the perspective of external value. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
46
|
Zeigler-Hill V, Besser A. Social worldviews and the likelihood of engaging in preemptive strikes. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
47
|
Simić A, Sacchi S, Pagliaro S, Pacilli MG, Brambilla M. Bringing Us Closer Together: The Influence of National Identity and Political Orientation on COVID-19-Related Behavioral Intentions. Front Psychol 2022; 13:795654. [PMID: 35153954 PMCID: PMC8828934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.795654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work has highlighted the importance of political beliefs and attitudes in predicting endorsement and engagement in prosocial behavior. Individuals with right-wing political orientation are less likely to behave prosocially than their left-wing counterparts due to high levels of Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Here, we aimed to extend prior work by testing how political values relate to COVID-19 discretionary behavioral intentions (i.e., prosocial and non-mandatory behaviors aimed at controlling the spread of the pandemic). Furthermore, we tested whether identification with the national group would influence the relationship between RWA and prosocial behavior. A cross-sectional study conducted on 350 Italian participants showed that right-wing political orientation had a negative effect on COVID-19 discretionary behavioral intentions via RWA. Furthermore, a moderated mediation model revealed that this effect was only significant for participants who are lowly identified with the national group. The results suggest that highlighting group belongingness might effectively motivate more conservative individuals to engage in prosocial behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Simić
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Sacchi
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Brambilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Chaney KE, Forbes MB. We stand in solidarity with you (if it helps our ingroup). GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302211067143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraminority solidarity research has previously focused on how similarities in discrimination experiences can facilitate stigma-based solidarity. Yet, research on a lay theory of generalized prejudice has demonstrated that people tend to perceive attitudes towards stigmatized social groups as co-occurring. Integrating these lines of research, the present studies sought to examine if the extent to which prejudices are perceived to co-occur can facilitate stigma-based solidarity for marginalized social groups, and in turn promote interest in coalitional justice. Recruiting heterosexual Black Americans (Study 1), White women (Studies 2–3), and White men (Study 4), the present research demonstrates that perceiving prejudices as co-occurring increases stigma-based solidarity that in turn produces greater interest in coalitional justice efforts that include the ingroup. The present findings demonstrate the importance of focusing on beliefs about perpetrators’ attitudes when examining intraminority solidarity and highlight the limitations of a lay theory of generalized prejudice to fight prejudices broadly.
Collapse
|
49
|
Guidetti M, Carraro L, Castelli L. Children's inequality aversion in intergroup contexts: The role of parents' social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism and moral foundations. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261603. [PMID: 34972148 PMCID: PMC8719705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although children are overall sensitive to inequality and prefer fair allocation of resources, they also often display ingroup favouritism. Inquiring about the factors that can shape the tension between these two driving forces in children, we focused on the role of parents. Extending the limited literature in this field, the present work examined whether individual differences in 3-to 11-year-old White children’s (N = 154, 78 boys) evaluations of fair versus pro-ingroup behaviours in an intergroup context vary as a function of both mothers’ and fathers’ social dominance orientation (SDO), right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and moral foundations. Parents completed a questionnaire. Children were presented with a scenario in which two ingroup members distributed candies to two other children, one White and one Black, either in an egalitarian way or displaying a clear ingroup favouritism. Afterwards, their attitudes towards the two ingroup members who had distributed the candies were assessed through both an Implicit Association Test and explicit questions. Although children displayed on average an explicit preference for the fair over the pro-ingroup target, this preference did not emerge at the implicit level. Most importantly, both children’s explicit and implicit attitudes were related to mothers’ SDO, indicating that at increasing level of mothers’ SDO children’s inequality aversion tended to drop. Overall, these results emphasize the relevance of mothers’ support for social hierarchy in relation to the way in which children balance the two competing drives of equality endorsement and pro-ingroup bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Guidetti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Luciana Carraro
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Castelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bacon AM, May J, Charlesford JJ. Understanding Public Attitudes to Hate: Developing and Testing a U.K. Version of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP13365-NP13390. [PMID: 32070190 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520906188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of an increase in reported hate crimes, we present the development of a U.K.-focussed instrument designed to evaluate the nature of public beliefs about hate crime, legislation, offenders and victims. In Study 1, 438 participants completed an Anglicized version of the Hate Crime Beliefs Scale (HCBS). Factor analyses revealed three subfactors: Denial (high scores represent a denial of hate crime severity and need for legislation), Compassion (high score reflect compassion toward victims and affected communities) and Sentencing (higher scores reflect more punitive attitudes). In Study 2 (N = 134) we show that scores on Denial are positively associated with those on Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), ideologies known to be associated with prejudice. Compassion was negatively associated with these ideologies. Mediation analyses showed that Big Five personality traits Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness predicted Denial and Compassion via RWA, whereas Agreeableness and Openness predicted scores via SDO, consistent with a dual-process motivation model of hate crime beliefs. Results are discussed in terms of the nature of hate crime beliefs and the importance of understanding public attitudes which may support undesirable social norms and influence jury decision making in trials of hate related offenses.
Collapse
|