1
|
Hu J, Chen F, Zang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Shi L, Xiu Y, Lin S. Native promoter-mediated transcriptional regulation of crucial oleosin protein OLE1 from Prunus sibirica for seed development and high oil accumulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126650. [PMID: 37666400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleosin (OLE) is vital to stabilize lipid droplet for seed triacylglycerol (TAG) storage. This work aimed to determine key OLE and to unravel mechanism that governed seed oil accumulation of Prunus sibirica for developing biodiesel. An integrated assay of global identification of LD-related protein and the cross-accessions/developing stages comparisons associated with oil accumulative amount and OLE transcript level was performed on seeds of 12 plus trees of P. sibirica to identify OLE1 (15.5 kDa) as key oleosin protein crucial for high seed oil accumulation. The OLE1 gene and its promoter were cloned from P. sibirica seeds, and overexpression of PsOLE1 in Arabidopsis was conducted under the controls of native promoter and constitutive CaMV35S promoter, respectively. PsOLE1 promoter had seed-specific cis-elements and showed seed specificity, by which PsOLE1 was specifically expressed in seeds. Ectopic overexpression of PsOLE1, especially driven by its promoter, could facilitate seed development and oil accumulation with an increase in unsaturated FAs, and upregulate transcript of TAG assembly enzymes, but suppress transcript of LD/TAG-hydrolyzed lipases and transporters, revealing a role of native promoter-mediated transcription of PsOLE1 in seed development and oil accumulation. PsOLE1 and its promoter have considerable potential for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junxin Zang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu G, Wang K, Mu J, Zhuo J, Wang X, Li S, Ye X, Li Y, Yan Y, Li X. Identifying cis-Acting Elements Associated with the High Activity and Endosperm Specificity of the Promoters of Genes Encoding Low-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunits in Common Wheat ( Triticum aestivum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37919930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) associated with bread-baking quality and flour nutrient quality accumulate in endosperms of common wheat and related species. However, the mechanism underlying the expression regulation of genes encoding LMW-GSs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified LMW-D2 and LMW-D7, which are highly and weakly expressed, respectively, via the analysis of RNA-sequencing data of Chinese Spring wheat and wheat transgenic lines transformed with 5' deletion promoter fragments and GUS fusion constructs. The 605-bp fragment upstream of the LMW-D2 start codon could drive high levels of GUS expression in the endosperm. The truncated endosperm box located at the -300 site resulted in the loss of LMW-D2 promoter activity, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism on the GCN4 motif was closely related to the expression of LMW-GSs. TCT and TGACG motifs, as well as the others located on the 5' distal end, might also be involved in the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs. In transgenic lines, fusion proteins of LMW-GS and GUS were deposited into protein bodies. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the transcription regulation of LMW-GSs and will contribute to the development of wheat endosperm as a bioreactor for the production of nutraceuticals, antibodies, vaccines, and medicinal proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Qu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ke Wang
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junyi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Wheat Improvement Center, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yueming Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takaiwa F. Influence on Accumulation Levels and Subcellular Localization of Prolamins by Fusion with the Functional Peptide in Transgenic Rice Seeds. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1869-1886. [PMID: 36856922 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
To exploit the rice seed-based oral vaccine against Sjögren's syndrome, altered peptide ligand of N-terminal 1 (N1-APL7) from its M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3R) autoantigen was expressed as fusion protein with the representative four types of rice prolamins (16 kDa, 14 kDa, 13 kDa, and 10 kDa prolamins) under the control of the individual native prolamin promoter. The 10kD:N1-APL7 and 14kD:N1-APL7 accumulated at high levels (287 and 58 µg/grain), respectively, whereas production levels of the remaining ones were remarkably low. Co-expression of these fusion proteins did not enhance the accumulation level of N1-APL7 in an additive manner. Downregulation of endogenous seed storage proteins by RNAi-mediated suppression also did not lead to substantial elevation of the co-expressed prolamin:N1-APL7 products. When transgenic rice seeds were subjected to in vitro proteolysis with pepsin, the 10kD:N1-APL7 was digested more quickly than the endogenous 10 kDa prolamin and the 14kD:N1-APL7 deposited in PB-Is. This difference could be explained by the finding that the 10kD:N1-APL7 was unexpectedly localized in the PB-IIs containing glutelins. These results indicated that not only accumulation level but also subcellular localization of inherent prolamins were highly influenced by the liked N1-APL7 peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Soul Signal Institute, Kojyohama, Shiraoi, Hokkaido, 059-0641, Japan.
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ning M, Liu SJ, Deng F, Huang L, Li H, Che J, Yamaji N, Hu F, Lei GJ. A vacuolar transporter plays important roles in zinc and cadmium accumulation in rice grain. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 37366232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice grain is a poor dietary source of zinc (Zn) but the primary source of cadmium (Cd) for humans; however, the molecular mechanisms for their accumulation in rice grain remain incompletely understood. This study functionally characterized a tonoplast-localized transporter, OsMTP1. OsMTP1 was preferentially expressed in the roots, aleurone layer, and embryo of seeds. OsMTP1 knockout decreased Zn concentration in the root cell sap, roots, aleurone layer and embryo, and subsequently increased Zn concentration in shoots and polished rice (endosperm) without yield penalty. OsMTP1 haplotype analysis revealed elite alleles associated with increased Zn level in polished rice, mostly because of the decreased OsMTP1 transcripts. OsMTP1 expression in yeast enhanced Zn tolerance but did not affect that of Cd. While OsMTP1 knockout resulted in decreased uptake, translocation and accumulation of Cd in plant and rice grain, which could be attributed to the indirect effects of altered Zn accumulation. Our results suggest that rice OsMTP1 primarily functions as a tonoplast-localized transporter for sequestrating Zn into vacuole. OsMTP1 knockout elevated Zn concentration but prevented Cd deposition in polished rice without yield penalty. Thus, OsMTP1 is a candidate gene for enhancing Zn level and reducing Cd level in rice grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shi Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fenglin Deng
- MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Fengyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gui Jie Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Perennial Rice, Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wang B, Gao J, Li Z, Wang L, Fu X, Xu J, Han H, Tian Y, Yao Q. Genetic engineering of complex feed enzymes into barley seed for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:560-573. [PMID: 36448454 PMCID: PMC9946151 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, feed enzymes are primarily obtained through fermentation of fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. Although the manufacturing technology for feed enzymes has evolved rapidly, the activities of these enzymes decline during the granulating process and the cost of application has increased over time. An alternative approach is the use of genetically modified plants containing complex feed enzymes for direct utilization in animal feedstuff. We co-expressed three commonly used feed enzymes (phytase, β-glucanase, and xylanase) in barley seeds using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and generated a new barley germplasm. The results showed that these enzymes were stable and had no effect on the development of the seeds. Supplementation of the basal diet of laying hens with only 8% of enzyme-containing seeds decreased the quantities of indigestible carbohydrates, improved the availability of phosphorus, and reduced the impact of animal production on the environment to an extent similar to directly adding exogenous enzymes to the feed. Feeding enzyme-containing seeds to layers significantly increased the strength of the eggshell and the weight of the eggs by 10.0%-11.3% and 5.6%-7.7% respectively. The intestinal microbiota obtained from layers fed with enzyme-containing seeds was altered compared to controls and was dominated by Alispes and Rikenella. Therefore, the transgenic barley seeds produced in this study can be used as an ideal feedstuff for use in animal feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ri‐He Peng
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Hui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Dong Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Jie Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen‐Jun Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Li‐Juan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Fu
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Hong‐Juan Han
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Yong‐Sheng Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| | - Quan‐Hong Yao
- Biotechnology Research Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and BreedingShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Safety Assessment (Environment) of Agricultural Genetically Modified OrganismsMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Proof of concept and early development stage of market-oriented high iron and zinc rice expressing dicot ferritin and rice nicotianamine synthase genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:676. [PMID: 36635301 PMCID: PMC9837094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and vitamin A, constitute a severe global public health phenomenon. Over half of preschool children and two-thirds of nonpregnant women of reproductive age worldwide have micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is a cost-effective strategy that comprises a meaningful and sustainable means of addressing this issue by delivering micronutrients through staple foods to populations with limited access to diverse diets and other nutritional interventions. Here, we report on the proof-of-concept and early development stage of a collection of biofortified rice events with a high density of Fe and Zn in polished grains that have been pursued further to advance development for product release. In total, eight constructs were developed specifically expressing dicot ferritins and the rice nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene under different combinations of promoters. A large-scale transformation of these constructs to Bangladesh and Philippines commercial indica cultivars and subsequent molecular screening and confined field evaluations resulted in the identification of a pool of ten events with Fe and Zn concentrations in polished grains of up to 11 μg g-1 and up to 37 μg g-1, respectively. The latter has the potential to reduce the prevalence of inadequate Zn intake for women of childbearing age in Bangladesh and in the Philippines by 30% and 50%, respectively, compared to the current prevalence. To our knowledge, this is the first potential biotechnology public-sector product that adopts the product cycle phase-gated approach, routinely applied in the private sector.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang T, Wu X, Wang W, Wu Y. Regulation of seed storage protein synthesis in monocot and dicot plants: A comparative review. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:145-167. [PMID: 36495013 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are a major source of nutrients for humans and animal livestock worldwide. With improved living standards, high nutritional quality has become one of the main targets for breeding. Storage protein content in seeds, which is highly variable depending on plant species, serves as a pivotal criterion of seed nutritional quality. In the last few decades, our understanding of the molecular genetics and regulatory mechanisms of storage protein synthesis has greatly advanced. Here, we systematically and comprehensively summarize breakthroughs on the conservation and divergence of storage protein synthesis in dicot and monocot plants. With regard to storage protein accumulation, we discuss evolutionary origins, developmental processes, characteristics of main storage protein fractions, regulatory networks, and genetic modifications. In addition, we discuss potential breeding strategies to improve storage protein accumulation and provide perspectives on some key unanswered problems that need to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingguo Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi Y, Habibi P, Haq ANU, Saeed M, Gulghutay Amjad N, Khan I. Seed-Based System for Cost-Effective Production of Vaccine Against Chronic Respiratory Disease in Chickens. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:570-580. [PMID: 36087216 PMCID: PMC9463513 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The production of vaccines in plant cells, termed plant-made pharmaceuticals or molecular farming, is a promising technology for scalable production. Compared to mammalian cell lines, like Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) or bacterial cells, plants can be grown with less cost on a large scale to make vaccines antigens and therapeutics affordable and accessible worldwide. An innovative application of this alternative system is the production of vaccines in edible tissues that can be consumed orally to deliver protein antigen without any further processing. In this project, we report stable expression of amino acid sequences corresponding to the TM-1 gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum as a candidate vaccine antigen against Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in chickens using wheat seed's tissues as a production host. Molecular and immunoblotting analysis confirmed the ubiquitous expression of a recombinant 41.8-kDa protein with an expression level of 1.03 mg/g dry weight in the endosperm tissues. When orally delivered, the plant-made vaccine was effective in terms of developing antibody response in animal model i.e., chicken without any detectable weight loss. Two doses of orally delivered plant-made TM-1 vaccine candidate elicited the immune response and protective effect against MG virus challenge at the level comparable to commercially available inactivated vaccine against CRD. Our study demonstrates that plant-made vaccines are not only safe but also scalable and cost-effective with prolonged stability at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Peyman Habibi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Ayesha Naveed Ul Haq
- SA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Saeed
- SA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Namra Gulghutay Amjad
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Khyber Girls Medical College, KPK, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hazra A, Varshney V, Verma P, Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Achary RK, Gautam S, Majee M. Methionine sulfoxide reductase B5 plays a key role in preserving seed vigor and longevity in rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1042-1060. [PMID: 35909309 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of methionine leads to the formation of methionine S-sulfoxide and methionine R-sulfoxide, which can be reverted by two types of methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR): MSRA and MSRB. Though the role of MSR enzymes has been elucidated in various physiological processes, the regulation and role of MSR in seeds remains poorly understood. In this study, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using seed-specific overexpression and RNAi lines of OsMSRB5 in Oryza sativa, we demonstrate the role of OsMSRB5 in maintaining seed vigor and longevity. We show that an age-induced reduction in the vigor and viability of seeds is correlated with reduced MSR activity and increased methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) formation. OsMSRB5 expression increases during seed maturation and is predominantly localized to the embryo. Further analyses on transgenic lines reveal the role of OsMSRB5 in modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis to preserve seed vigor and longevity. We show that ascorbate peroxidase and PROTEIN l-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE undergo MetSO modification in seeds that affects their functional competence. OsMSRB5 physically interacts with these proteins and reverts this modification to facilitate their functions and preserve seed vigor and longevity. Our results thus illustrate the role of OsMSRB5 in preserving seed vigor and longevity by modulating ROS homeostasis in seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pooja Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamble NU, Majee M. ABI transcription factors and PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE module mediate seed desiccation tolerance and longevity in Oryza sativa. Development 2022; 149:275672. [PMID: 35686643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to desiccation-tolerant orthodox seeds, recalcitrant seeds are desiccation sensitive and are unable to survive for a prolonged time. Here, our analyses of Oryza species with contrasting seed desiccation tolerance reveals that PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT), an enzyme that repairs abnormal isoaspartyl (isoAsp) residues in proteins, acts as a key player that governs seed desiccation tolerance to orthodox seeds but is ineffective in recalcitrant seeds. We observe that, unlike the orthodox seed of Oryza sativa, desiccation intolerance of the recalcitrant seeds of Oryza coarctata are linked to reduced PIMT activity and increased isoAsp accumulation due to the lack of coordinated action of ABA and ABI transcription factors to upregulate PIMT during maturation. We show that suppression of PIMT reduces, and its overexpression increases, seed desiccation tolerance and seed longevity in O. sativa. Our analyses further reveal that the ABI transcription factors undergo isoAsp formation that affect their functional competence; however, PIMT interacts with and repairs isoAsp residues and facilitates their functions. Our results thus illustrate a new insight into the mechanisms of acquisition of seed desiccation tolerance and longevity by ABI transcription factors and the PIMT module.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Uttam Kamble
- MM203 Seed and Stress Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- MM203 Seed and Stress Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu J, Wu MW, Liu CM. Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:255-291. [PMID: 35226815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Ming-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li P, Chen YH, Lu J, Zhang CQ, Liu QQ, Li QF. Genes and Their Molecular Functions Determining Seed Structure, Components, and Quality of Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:18. [PMID: 35303197 PMCID: PMC8933604 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and rice trade worldwide, the demand for high-quality rice is increasing. Therefore, breeding high quality rice is critical to meet the market demand. However, progress in improving rice grain quality lags far behind that of rice yield. This might be because of the complexity of rice grain quality research, and the lack of consensus definition and evaluation standards for high quality rice. In general, the main components of rice grain quality are milling quality (MQ), appearance quality (AQ), eating and cooking quality (ECQ), and nutritional quality (NQ). Importantly, all these quality traits are determined directly or indirectly by the structure and composition of the rice seeds. Structurally, rice seeds mainly comprise the spikelet hull, seed coat, aleurone layer, embryo, and endosperm. Among them, the size of spikelet hull is the key determinant of rice grain size, which usually affects rice AQ, MQ, and ECQ. The endosperm, mainly composed of starch and protein, is the major edible part of the rice seed. Therefore, the content, constitution, and physicochemical properties of starch and protein are crucial for multiple rice grain quality traits. Moreover, the other substances, such as lipids, minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, included in different parts of the rice seed, also contribute significantly to rice grain quality, especially the NQ. Rice seed growth and development are precisely controlled by many genes; therefore, cloning and dissecting these quality-related genes will enhance our knowledge of rice grain quality and will assist with the breeding of high quality rice. This review focuses on summarizing the recent progress on cloning key genes and their functions in regulating rice seed structure and composition, and their corresponding contributions to rice grain quality. This information will facilitate and advance future high quality rice breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Hao Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
He W, Wang L, Lin Q, Yu F. Rice seed storage proteins: Biosynthetic pathways and the effects of environmental factors. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1999-2019. [PMID: 34581486 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food crop for at least half of the world's population. Due to improved living standards, the cultivation of high-quality rice for different purposes and markets has become a major goal. Rice quality is determined by the presence of many nutritional components, including seed storage proteins (SSPs), which are the second most abundant nutrient components of rice grains after starch. Rice SSP biosynthesis requires the participation of multiple organelles and is influenced by the external environment, making it challenging to understand the molecular details of SSP biosynthesis and improve rice protein quality. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of rice SSP biosynthesis, including a detailed description of the key molecules involved in rice SSP biosynthetic processes and the major environmental factors affecting SSP biosynthesis. The effects of these factors on SSP accumulation and their contribution to rice quality are also discussed based on recent findings. This recent knowledge suggests not only new research directions for exploring rice SSP biosynthesis but also innovative strategies for breeding high-quality rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miyazaki K, Ohkubo Y, Yasui H, Tashiro R, Suzuki R, Teramura H, Kusano H, Shimada H. Overexpression of rice OsLEA5 relieves the deterioration in seed quality caused by high-temperature stress. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2021; 38:367-371. [PMID: 34782824 PMCID: PMC8562584 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.0603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Late embryogenesis abundant protein (LEA) genes are widely conserved in seed plant species and form a multigene family. While some LEAs are known to respond to environmental stresses, the function of many LEAs is unknown. OsLEA5 (Lea14A) interacts with a regulator of the endosperm storage production, FLO2, suggesting that OsLEA5 may be involved in endosperm quality control. RNAi knockdown line of OsLEA5 showed decreased seed weight. Transformant lines overexpressing OsLEA5 exhibited improved quality and seed weight of mature seeds when they were developed under high-temperature conditions, while seed quality strongly declined in wild-type plants exposed to high-temperature stress. These findings indicate that OsLEA5 contributes to suppressing the deterioration of seed quality when developed under high-temperature conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Miyazaki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - You Ohkubo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yasui
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Ryoka Tashiro
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Rintaro Suzuki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kusano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ram H, Singh A, Katoch M, Kaur R, Sardar S, Palia S, Satyam R, Sonah H, Deshmukh R, Pandey AK, Gupta I, Sharma TR. Dissecting the nutrient partitioning mechanism in rice grain using spatially resolved gene expression profiling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2212-2230. [PMID: 33197257 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice, a staple food worldwide, contains varying amounts of nutrients in different grain tissues. The underlying molecular mechanism of such distinct nutrient partitioning remains poorly investigated. Here, an optimized rapid laser capture microdissection (LCM) approach was used to individually collect pericarp, aleurone, embryo and endosperm from grains 10 days after fertilization. Subsequent RNA-Seq analysis in these tissues identified 7760 differentially expressed genes. Analysis of promoter sequences of tissue-specific genes identified many known and novel cis-elements important for grain filling and seed development. Using the identified differentially expressed genes, comprehensive spatial gene expression pathways were built for accumulation of starch, proteins, lipids, and iron. The extensive transcriptomic analysis provided novel insights about nutrient partitioning mechanisms; for example, it revealed a gradient in seed storage protein accumulation across the four tissue types analysed. The analysis also revealed that the partitioning of various minerals, such as iron, is most likely regulated through transcriptional control of their transporters. We present the extensive analysis from this study as an interactive online tool that provides a much-needed resource for future functional genomics studies aimed to improve grain quality and seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasthi Ram
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anmol Singh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Megha Katoch
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shaswati Sardar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shubham Palia
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Block I, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Satyam
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Block I, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Humira Sonah
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ishaan Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Block I, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Ozawa K, Sekikawa K. Improvement of production yield and extraction efficacy of recombinant protein by high endosperm-specific expression along with simultaneous suppression of major seed storage proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110692. [PMID: 33288006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human transforming growth factor-β1 (hTGF-β1) was produced in transgenic rice seeds. To boost its production yield and to extract it simply, it was expressed under the control of seed-specific promoters along with the simultaneous suppression of endogenous seed storage proteins (SSPs) through RNA interference (RNAi). When driven by the 26 kDa α-globulin endosperm-specific promoter, it accumulated up to the markedly high level of 452 μg/grain. However, exchange with other seed-specific promoters such as 18 kDa oleosin and AGPase promoters resulted in remarkable reduction to the levels of 62 and 48 μg/grain, respectively, even though endogenous SSPs were reduced to the similar level. These production levels were almost similar to those (42 and 108 μg/grain) produced by the glutelin GluB-1 endosperm-specific promoter and the maize ubiquitin constitutive promoter without reduction of SSPs, respectively. When extracted from these transgenic rice seeds with reduced SSPs with various buffers, it could be solubilized with denaturant solution, which was in remarkable contrast with those without depressed SSPs which required further supplementation of reducing agent for extraction. This difference was associated with the fact that it was mainly deposited to ER-derived structures though self-aggregation or interaction with remaining prolamin via intermolecular disulfide bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- PrevenTec inc. Ami-chuo 3-21-1, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Ozawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Kenji Sekikawa
- PrevenTec inc. Ami-chuo 3-21-1, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fan X, Chen J, Wu Y, Teo C, Xu G, Fan X. Genetic and Global Epigenetic Modification, Which Determines the Phenotype of Transgenic Rice? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1819. [PMID: 32155767 PMCID: PMC7084647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technologies have been applied to a wide range of biological research. However, information on the potential epigenetic effects of transgenic technology is still lacking. Here, we show that the transgenic process can simultaneously induce both genetic and epigenetic changes in rice. We analyzed genetic, epigenetic, and phenotypic changes in plants subjected to tissue culture regeneration, using transgenic lines expressing the same coding sequence from two different promoters in transgenic lines of two rice cultivars: Wuyunjing7 (WYJ7) and Nipponbare (NP). We determined the expression of OsNAR2.1 in two overexpression lines generated from the two cultivars, and in the RNA interference (RNAi) OsNAR2.1 line in NP. DNA methylation analyses were performed on wild-type cultivars (WYJ7 and NP), regenerated lines (CK, T0 plants), segregation-derived wild-type from pOsNAR2.1-OsNAR2.1 (SDWT), pOsNAR2.1-OsNAR2.1, pUbi-OsNAR2.1, and RNAi lines. Interestingly, we observed global methylation decreased in the T0 regenerated line of WYJ7 (CK-WJY7) and pOsNAR2.1-OsNAR2.1 lines but increased in pUbi-OsNAR2.1 and RNAi lines of NP. Furthermore, the methylation pattern in SDWT returned to the WYJ7 level after four generations. Phenotypic changes were detected in all the generated lines except for SDWT. Global methylation was found to decrease by 13% in pOsNAR2.1-OsNAR2.1 with an increase in plant height of 4.69% compared with WYJ7, and increased by 18% in pUbi-OsNAR2.1 with an increase of 17.36% in plant height compared with NP. This suggests an absence of a necessary link between global methylation and the phenotype of transgenic plants with OsNAR2.1 gene over-expression. However, epigenetic changes can influence phenotype during tissue culture, as seen in the massive methylation in CK-WYJ7, T0 regenerated lines, resulting in decreased plant height compared with the wild-type, in the absence of a transformed gene. We conclude that in the transgenic lines the phenotype is mainly determined by the nature and function of the transgene after four generations of transformation, while the global epigenetic modification is dependent on the genetic background. Our research suggests an innovative insight in explaining the reason behind the occurrence of transgenic plants with random and undesirable phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.F.); (J.C.); (G.X.)
| | - Jingguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.F.); (J.C.); (G.X.)
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Bioinformatics Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - CheeHow Teo
- Centre of Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.F.); (J.C.); (G.X.)
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.F.); (J.C.); (G.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lessard PA, Parker M, Bougri O, Shen B, Samoylov V, Broomhead J, Li X, Raab RM. Improved performance of Eimeria-infected chickens fed corn expressing a single-domain antibody against interleukin-10. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:119-126. [PMID: 37127989 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0029-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant challenge for human and animal health, and developing effective antibiotic-free treatments is a strategy to help mitigate microbial resistance. The global poultry industry faces growing challenges from Eimeria-induced coccidiosis, a serious enteric disease of chickens that currently requires treatment using ionophore antibiotics. Eimeria stimulates interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression in the small intestine and caecum of infected chickens, suppressing their immune response and facilitating disease progression. Single-domain antibodies raised from llamas immunized with chicken IL-10 (cIL-10) were developed that bind cIL-10 in vitro, block cIL-10 receptor binding and induce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion from cIL-10-repressed primary chicken splenocytes. Single-domain antibodies expressed in transgenic corn demonstrated significant accumulation in phenotypically normal plants. When fed to Eimeria-challenged chickens, the transgenic corn significantly improved body weight gain (equal to that of salinomycin-treated animals), normalized the feed conversion ratio (to the same level as uninfected control animals), lowered E. tenella lesion scores to those of salinomycin-treated control animals, and reduced oocyst counts below those of infected untreated control animals. Here, we propose that transgenic corn may have a role in reducing the use of antibiotics in poultry production and maintaining animal health and productivity, and may contribute to efforts against global antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Binzhang Shen
- Agrivida, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
- Unum Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jon Broomhead
- Agrivida, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
- Perstop US, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ohta M, Takaiwa F. OsERdj7 is an ER-resident J-protein involved in ER quality control in rice endosperm. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 245:153109. [PMID: 31896032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OsERdj7 is one of six endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident J-domain-containing proteins (J-proteins) encoded by the rice genome that acts as a co-chaperone for Hsp70 and is characterized by the presence of two transmembrane domains. It is N-glycosylated and primarily exists in a dimeric form with a molecular mass of 64 kDa. When the microsomal fraction of maturing seeds was treated with alkaline, high salt or detergent compounds, OsERdj7 was solubilized, even in alkaline and high salt environments, indicating that it is not tightly integrated in the ER membrane. Next, to investigate its role during seed maturation, expression of OsERdj7 was specifically downregulated using RNA interference (RNAi) under the control of the endosperm-specific 16 kDa prolamin promoter in transgenic rice. As a result, the unfolded protein response (UPR) was induced in maturing seeds via activation of OsIRE1/OsbZIP50 and ATF6 orthologs, such as OsbZIP39 and OsbZIP60, leading to upregulation of several chaperones and folding enzymes. Furthermore, some prolamins (RM4 and RM9) were retained in the ER lumen in the form of a mesh-like structure without deposition to the inherent ER-derived protein bodies (PB-Is), although major storage protein glutelins were normally transported to protein storage vacuoles (PB-IIs). On the other hand, induction of ER associated degradation (ERAD) increased OsERdj7 expression in transgenic rice seeds in which ERAD related genes were highly expressed. Due to PDIL2-3 and OsHard3 co-immunoprecipitating with OsERdj7 in rice protoplasts, this result implicates OsERdj7 in the translocation of some seed proteins within the ER lumen and in the degradation of misfolded or unfolded proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ohta
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; EditForce, Agri-Bio Research Laboratory, Ito Campus, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smirnova OG, Kochetov AV. Choice of the Promoter for Tissue and Developmental Stage-Specific Gene Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2124:69-106. [PMID: 32277449 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technologies belong to important tools of reverse genetics and biotechnology in plants. Targeted genetic modifications can reveal functions of genes of interest, change metabolic and regulatory pathways, or result in accumulation of valuable proteins or metabolites. However, to be efficient in targeted genetic modification, the chimeric gene construct should be designed properly. In particular, the promoters used to control transgene expression need to be carefully chosen. Most promoters in widely used vectors belong to strong and constitutively expressed variants. However, in many cases transgene expression has to be restricted to certain tissue, stage of development, or response to some internal or external stimuli. In turn, a large variety of tissue-specific promoters have been studied and information on their characteristics may be recovered from the literature. An appropriate promoter may be selected and used in genetic construct to optimize the transgene transcription pattern. We have previously designed the TGP database (TransGene Promoters, http://wwwmgs.bionet.nsc.ru/mgs/dbases/tgp/home.html ) collecting information from the publications in this field. Here we review the wide range of noncanonical tissue-specific and developmentally regulated promoters that might be used for transgene expression control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga G Smirnova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Alex V Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Takaiwa F, Yang L, Takagi H, Maruyama N, Wakasa Y, Ozawa K, Hiroi T. Development of Rice-Seed-Based Oral Allergy Vaccines Containing Hypoallergenic Japanese Cedar Pollen Allergen Derivatives for Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13127-13138. [PMID: 31682438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only available curative treatment for IgE-mediated allergen diseases. A safe hypoallergenic allergen derivative with high efficiency is required as a tolerogen to induce immune tolerance to the causitive allergens. In this study, to generate a rice-based oral allergy vaccine for Japanese cedar (JC) pollinosis, the tertiary structures of major JC pollen allergens, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, were more completely destructed by shuffling than the previous ones without losing immunogenicity and then were specifically expressed in the endosperm of transgenic rice seed. They accumulated at high levels and were deposited in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ER-derived protein bodies. The low allergenicity of these deconstructed Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 allergens was evaluated by examining their binding activities to the specific IgE antibody and by the basophil degranulation test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 2-1-2 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan
| | - Lijun Yang
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 2-1-2 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 2-1-2 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture , Kyoto University , Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 2-1-2 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ozawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 2-1-2 , Tsukuba , Ibaraki 305-8602 , Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa , Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mangel N, Fudge JB, Li K, Wu T, Tohge T, Fernie AR, Szurek B, Fitzpatrick TB, Gruissem W, Vanderschuren H. Enhancement of vitamin B 6 levels in rice expressing Arabidopsis vitamin B 6 biosynthesis de novo genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:1047-1065. [PMID: 31063672 PMCID: PMC6852651 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is vital for key metabolic reactions and reported to have antioxidant properties in planta. Therefore, enhancement of vitamin B6 content has been hypothesized to be a route to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Most of the current studies on vitamin B6 in plants are on eudicot species, with monocots remaining largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated vitamin B6 biosynthesis in rice, with a view to examining the feasibility and impact of enhancing vitamin B6 levels. Constitutive expression in rice of two Arabidopsis thaliana genes from the vitamin B6 biosynthesis de novo pathway, AtPDX1.1 and AtPDX2, resulted in a considerable increase in vitamin B6 in leaves (up to 28.3-fold) and roots (up to 12-fold), with minimal impact on general growth. Rice lines accumulating high levels of vitamin B6 did not display enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress (salt) or biotic stress (resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae infection). While a significant increase in vitamin B6 content could also be achieved in rice seeds (up to 3.1-fold), the increase was largely due to its accumulation in seed coat and embryo tissues, with little enhancement observed in the endosperm. However, seed yield was affected in some vitamin B6 -enhanced lines. Notably, expression of the transgenes did not affect the expression of the endogenous rice PDX genes. Intriguingly, despite transgene expression in leaves and seeds, the corresponding proteins were only detectable in leaves and could not be observed in seeds, possibly pointing to a mode of regulation in this organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mangel
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jared B. Fudge
- Department of Botany and Plant BiologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Kuan‐Te Li
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Ting‐Ying Wu
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐Gölm14476Germany
- Present address:
Graduate School of Biological SciencesNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0192Japan
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐Gölm14476Germany
| | - Boris Szurek
- IRDCiradUniversity of MontpellierIPMEMontpellier34394France
| | | | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung City40227Taiwan
| | - Hervé Vanderschuren
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Plant Genetics LabTERRA Research and Teaching CentreGembloux Agro BioTechUniversity of LiègeGembloux5030Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The maize α-zein promoter can be utilized as a strong inducer of cellulase enzyme expression in maize kernels. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:537-547. [PMID: 31264021 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in plants is a technology for producing vaccines, pharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. For the past several years, we have produced recombinant proteins in maize kernels using only the embryo, primarily driving expression of foreign genes with the maize globulin-1 promoter. Although strong expression is obtained, these lines use only 10-12% of the seed tissue. If strong embryo expression could be combined with strong endosperm expression, much more recombinant protein could be recovered from a set amount of seed biomass. In this study, we tested three endosperm promoters for expression of a cellulase gene. Promoters tested were rice globulin and glutelin promoters and a maize 19 kDa α-zein promoter. The rice promoters were used in two tandem expression constructs as well. Although the rice promoters were active in producing stable amounts of cellulase, the α-zein promoter was by far the most effective: as much as 9% of total soluble protein was recovered from seed of several independent events and plants. One or two inserts were detected by Southern blot in several lines, indicating that copy number did not appear to be responsible for the differences in protein accumulation. Tissue print analysis indicated that expression was primarily in the endosperm.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang Z, Zhao H, Huang F, Long J, Song G, Lin W. The 14-3-3 protein GF14f negatively affects grain filling of inferior spikelets of rice (Oryza sativa L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:344-358. [PMID: 30912217 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In rice (Oryza sativa L.), later flowering inferior spikelets (IS), which are located on proximal secondary branches, fill slowly and produce smaller and lighter grains than earlier flowering superior spikelets (SS). Many genes have been reported to be involved in poor grain filling of IS, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present study determined that GF14f, a member of the 14-3-3 protein family, showed temporal and spatial differences in expression patterns between SS and IS. Using GF14f-RNAi plants, we observed that a reduction in GF14f expression in the endosperm resulted in a significant increase in both grain length and weight, which in turn improved grain yield. Furthermore, pull-down assays indicated that GF14f interacts with enzymes that are involved in sucrose breakdown, starch synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis. At the same time, an increase in the activity of sucrose synthase (SuSase), adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and starch synthase (StSase) was observed in the GF14f-RNAi grains. Comprehensive analysis of the proteome and metabolite profiling revealed that the abundance of proteins related to the TCA cycle, and glycolysis increased in the GF14f-RNAi grains together with several carbohydrate intermediates. These results suggested that GF14f negatively affected grain development and filling, and the observed higher abundance of the GF14f protein in IS compared with SS may be responsible for poor IS grain filling. The study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying poor grain filling of IS and suggests that GF14f could serve as a potential tool for improving rice grain filling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Fengliang Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jifang Long
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guo Song
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenxiong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agricultural& Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing & Safety Monitoring, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Takahashi K, Kohno H, Kanabayashi T, Okuda M. Glutelin subtype-dependent protein localization in rice grain evidenced by immunodetection analyses. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:231-246. [PMID: 30911876 PMCID: PMC6542783 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
GluA and GluB-4/5 glutelin subfamilies are mainly localized to outer region of the endosperm, particularly in its ventral side, in rice grain, but GluC is localized to throughout the endosperm. The major seed storage protein in rice (Oryza sativa) is glutelin, which forms a vacuole-derived protein body type-II. Glutelins are encoded by multiple genes, and generally comprise four protein subfamilies, namely, GluA, GluB, GluC, and GluD: however, the localization pattern of glutelin in rice grains remains obscure. In this study, we investigated the localization pattern of five subtypes of the glutelin protein in rice grains using glutelin-subtype specific antibodies. Immunoblot analysis against sequentially polished rice flour fractions from three crop years and seven japonica rice varieties revealed that GluA was strongly localized in the outer region of the endosperm, including the subaleurone layer, whereas GluC was distributed throughout the endosperm. Among the glutelin subtypes, GluA was mostly found in the outer region of the rice grain, followed by GluB-4/5, GluB-1, GluD, and GluC. Immunofluorescence labeling microscopy analysis using immature rice seeds clearly revealed that the localization pattern of GluC and GluD was completely different from that of GluA and GluB. Expression levels of all glutelins, particularly GluA, GluB-1, and GluB-4/5, were stronger on the ventral than dorsal side in rice grains. These results provide strong and consistent evidence that glutelins localize to the rice grain in a subfamily-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Kohno
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kanabayashi
- Biopathology Institute Co., Ltd, 1200-2, Ohara Kunisakicho, Kunisaki-city, Oita, 873-0511, Japan
| | - Masaki Okuda
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar A, Kumar V, Krishnan V, Hada A, Marathe A, C P, Jolly M, Sachdev A. Seed targeted RNAi-mediated silencing of GmMIPS1 limits phytate accumulation and improves mineral bioavailability in soybean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7744. [PMID: 31123331 PMCID: PMC6533290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA), the major phosphorus reserve in soybean seeds (60-80%), is a potent ion chelator, causing deficiencies that leads to malnutrition. Several forward and reverse genetics approaches have ever since been explored to reduce its phytate levels to improve the micronutrient and phosphorous availability. Transgenic technology has met with success by suppressing the expression of the PA biosynthesis-related genes in several crops for manipulating their phytate content. In our study, we targeted the disruption of the expression of myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS1), the first and the rate limiting enzyme in PA biosynthesis in soybean seeds, by both antisense (AS) and RNAi approaches, using a seed specific promoter, vicilin. PCR and Southern analysis revealed stable integration of transgene in the advanced progenies. The transgenic seeds (T4) of AS (MS14-28-12-29-3-5) and RNAi (MI51-32-22-1-13-6) soybean lines showed 38.75% and 41.34% reduction in phytate levels respectively, compared to non-transgenic (NT) controls without compromised growth and seed development. The electron microscopic examination also revealed reduced globoid crystals in the Protein storage vacoules (PSVs) of mature T4 seeds compared to NT seed controls. A significant increase in the contents of Fe2+ (15.4%, 21.7%), Zn2+ (7.45%, 11.15%) and Ca2+ (10.4%, 15.35%) were observed in MS14-28-12-29-3-5 and MI51-32-22-1-13-6 transgenic lines, respectively, compared to NT implicating improved mineral bioavailability. This study signifies proof-of-concept demonstration of seed-specific PA reduction and paves the path towards low phytate soybean through pathway engineering using the new and precise editing tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Varun Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, (H.P.), India
| | - Veda Krishnan
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Alkesh Hada
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ashish Marathe
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Parameswaran C
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Monica Jolly
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Archana Sachdev
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li J, Wang K, Li G, Li Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ye X, Xia X, He Z, Cao S. Dissecting conserved cis-regulatory modules of Glu-1 promoters which confer the highly active endosperm-specific expression via stable wheat transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
28
|
Wu T, Gruissem W, Bhullar NK. Targeting intracellular transport combined with efficient uptake and storage significantly increases grain iron and zinc levels in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:9-20. [PMID: 29734523 PMCID: PMC6330537 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Rice, a staple food for more than half of the world population, is an important target for iron and zinc biofortification. Current strategies mainly focus on the expression of genes for efficient uptake, long-distance transport and storage. Targeting intracellular iron mobilization to increase grain iron levels has not been reported. Vacuole is an important cell compartment for iron storage and the NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGE PROTEIN (NRAMP) family of transporters export iron from vacuoles to cytosol when needed. We developed transgenic Nipponbare rice lines expressing AtNRAMP3 under the control of the UBIQUITIN or rice embryo/aleurone-specific 18-kDa Oleosin (Ole18) promoter together with NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE (AtNAS1) and FERRITIN (PvFER), or expressing only AtNRAMP3 and PvFER together. Iron and zinc were increased close to recommended levels in polished grains of the transformed lines, with maximum levels when AtNRAMP3, AtNAS1 and PvFER were expressed together (12.67 μg/g DW iron and 45.60 μg/g DW zinc in polished grains of line NFON16). Similar high iron and zinc levels were obtained in transgenic Indica IR64 lines expressing the AtNRAMP3, AtNAS1 and PvFER cassette (13.65 μg/g DW iron and 48.18 μg/g DW zinc in polished grains of line IR64_1), equalling more than 90% of the recommended iron increase in rice endosperm. Our results demonstrate that targeting intracellular iron stores in combination with iron and zinc transport and endosperm storage is an effective strategy for iron biofortification. The increases achieved in polished IR64 grains are of dietary relevance for human health and a valuable nutrition trait for breeding programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ying Wu
- Plant BiotechnologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Plant BiotechnologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kawakami Y, Bhullar NK. Molecular processes in iron and zinc homeostasis and their modulation for biofortification in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1181-1198. [PMID: 30468300 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
More than a billion people suffer from iron or zinc deficiencies globally. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) iron and zinc biofortification; i.e., intrinsic iron and zinc enrichment of rice grains, is considered the most effective way to tackle these deficiencies. However, rice iron biofortification, by means of conventional breeding, proves difficult due to lack of sufficient genetic variation. Meanwhile, genetic engineering has led to a significant increase in the iron concentration along with zinc concentration in rice grains. The design of impactful genetic engineering biofortification strategies relies upon vast scientific knowledge of precise functions of different genes involved in iron and zinc uptake, translocation and storage. In this review, we present an overview of molecular processes controlling iron and zinc homeostasis in rice. Further, the genetic engineering approaches adopted so far to increase the iron and zinc concentrations in polished rice grains are discussed in detail, highlighting the limitations and/or success of individual strategies. Recent insight suggests that a few genetic engineering strategies are commonly utilized for elevating iron and zinc concentrations in different genetic backgrounds, and thus, it is of great importance to accumulate scientific evidence for diverse genetic engineering strategies to expand the pool of options for biofortifying farmer-preferred cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kawakami
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Navreet K Bhullar
- Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takaiwa F, Ogo Y, Wakasa Y. Specific region affects the difference in accumulation levels between apple food allergen Mal d 1 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 which are expressed in vegetative tissues of transgenic rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:439-454. [PMID: 30350245 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific domain of the Mal d 1 was identified to be mainly involved in higher accumulation level in vegetative tissues of transgenic rice than the Bet v 1. Apple food allergen Mal d 1 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 belong to the same pathogen related protein 10 (PR10) family. When green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to either of these allergens was expressed as a secretory protein in transgenic rice by ligating an N terminal signal peptide and a C terminal KDEL ER retention signal under the control of the maize ubiquitin constitutive promoter, the GFP:Mald1 highly accumulated in various tissues, whereas accumulation level of the GFP:Betv1 was remarkably reduced in vegetative tissues except for seed. Analysis by RT-PCR exhibited that there was little difference in their transcript levels, indicating the involvement of post-transcriptional regulation. To investigate the cause of such difference in accumulation levels, deletion analysis of the Mal d 1 and domain swapping between them were carried out in transgenic rice. The results showed that the region between positions 41-90 in the Mal d 1 is predominantly implicated in higher level accumulation in vegetative tissues as well as seed as compared with the Bet v 1. The GFP:Mald1 was localized in oligomeric form within ER lumen or ER-derived particles in vegetative tissues, whereas in seed mainly deposited into novel huge ER-derived protein bodies with the size of 5-10 µm in aleurone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Yuko Ogo
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liang J, Jiao Y, Luan Y, Sun S, Wu C, Wu H, Zhang M, Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhang Z. A 2-year field trial reveals no significant effects of GM high-methionine soybean on the rhizosphere bacterial communities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:113. [PMID: 29987404 PMCID: PMC6096554 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetically modified (GM) crops have brought various economic benefits but may also have adversely affected soil microorganisms. To examine whether transgenic high-methionine soybean ZD91 alters the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere, we performed a 2-year follow-up study using the transgenic high-methionine soybean cultivar ZD91 and wild type cultivar ZD. The community composition and the relative abundance of bacteria in rhizosphere soil were determined by sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicon. Our results indicated that transgenic soybean ZD91 had no significantly effects on rhizosphere bacterial communities. Instead, the plant growth stage and year appeared to have a stronger effect on bacterial communities. Our findings therefore provided reliable scientific evidence for potential commercial cultivation of cultivar ZD91.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jiao
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Sun
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunxiang Wu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), MOA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Science, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingrong Zhang
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kahlon JG, Jacobsen HJ, Chatterton S, Hassan F, Bowness R, Hall LM. Lack of efficacy of transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) stably expressing antifungal genes against Fusarium spp. in three years of confined field trials. GM CROPS & FOOD 2018; 9:90-108. [PMID: 29590003 PMCID: PMC6277066 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2018.1445471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot is a major pea disease in Canada and only partial tolerance exists in germplasm. Transgenic technologies may hold promise but the economic benefits of genetically modified (GM) pea will need to surpass the regulatory costs, time and labor involved in bringing a GM crop to market. European pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars expressing four antifungal genes, 1-3 β glucanase (G), endochitinase (C) (belonging to PR proteins family), polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) (P) and stilbene synthase (V) have been transformed for disease tolerance and showed disease tolerance under laboratory conditions. Transgenic lines with four antifungal genes inserted either individually or stacked through crossing were tested for their efficacy against Fusarium root rot (Fusarium avenaceum) in confined trials over three years (2013 to 2015) in comparison with two parental German lines and three Canadian lines. Superior emergence, higher fresh weight or lower disease ratings above and below ground, of transgenic lines in presence of disease inoculum were not observed consistently in the three years of field experiments when compared to the parental and Canadian lines in the presence of disease inoculum. No indication of an advantage of stacked genes over single genes was observed. Most transgenic lines had lower relative gene expression in the roots than in the leaves in greenhouse trials suggesting a possible explanation for poor tolerance to Fusarium root rot. Field trials are necessary to verify the agronomic performance and ecological relevance of the promising effects detected under laboratory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagroop Gill Kahlon
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hans-Jörg Jacobsen
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover, Germany
| | - Syama Chatterton
- Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Fathi Hassan
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robyne Bowness
- Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Lacombe, AB, Canada
| | - Linda M. Hall
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okuda M, Joyo M, Tamamoto Y, Sasaki M, Takahashi K, Goto-Yamamoto N, Ikegami M, Hashizume K. Analysis of protein composition in rice cultivar used for sake brewing, and their effects on nitrogen compounds in sake. Cereal Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okuda
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Midori Joyo
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Yuki Tamamoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Nami Goto-Yamamoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing; Higashihiroshima Japan
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Masaru Ikegami
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fishers; Kato Hyogo Japan
| | - Katsumi Hashizume
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences; Akita Prefectural University; Nakano Shimoshinjyo Akita Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takaiwa F, Yang L, Wakasa Y, Ozawa K. Compensatory rebalancing of rice prolamins by production of recombinant prolamin/bioactive peptide fusion proteins within ER-derived protein bodies. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:209-223. [PMID: 29075848 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptide was produced by fusion to rice prolamins in transgenic rice seeds. Their accumulation levels were affected by their deposition sites and by compensatory rebalancing between prolamins within PB-Is. Peptide immunotherapy using analogue peptide ligands (APLs) is one of promising treatments against autoimmune diseases. Use of seed storage protein as a fusion carrier is reasonable strategy for production of such small size bioactive peptides. In this study, to examine the efficacy of various rice prolamins deposited in ER-derived protein bodies (PB-Is), the APL12 from the Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI325-339) was expressed by fusion to four types of representative prolamins under the control of the individual native promoters. When the 14 and 16 kDa Cys-rich prolamins, which were localized in middle layer of PB-Is, were used for production of the APL12, they highly accumulated in transgenic rice seeds (~ 200 µg/grain). By contrast, fusion to the 10 and 13 kDa prolamins, which were localized in the core and outermost layer of PB-Is, resulted in lower levels of accumulation (~ 40 µg/grain). These results suggest that accumulation levels were highly affected by their deposition sites. Next, when different prolamin/APL12 fusion proteins were co-expressed to increase accumulation levels, they could not be increased so much as their expected additive levels. High accumulation of one type prolamin/APL12 led to reduction of other type(s) prolamin/APL12 to maintain the limited amounts of prolamins that can be deposited in PB-Is. Moreover, suppression of endogenous seed proteins by RNA interference also did not significantly enhance the accumulation levels of prolamin/APL12. These findings suggest that there may be compensatory rebalancing mechanism that controls the accumulation levels of prolamins deposited within PB-Is.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Lijun Yang
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ozawa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Perera I, Seneweera S, Hirotsu N. Manipulating the Phytic Acid Content of Rice Grain Toward Improving Micronutrient Bioavailability. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:4. [PMID: 29327163 PMCID: PMC5764899 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Myo-inositol hexaphosphate, also known as phytic acid (PA), is the most abundant storage form of phosphorus in seeds. PA acts as a strong chelator of metal cations to form phytate and is considered an anti-nutrient as it reduces the bioavailability of important micronutrients. Although the major nutrient source for more than one-half of the global population, rice is a poor source of essential micronutrients. Therefore, biofortification and reducing the PA content of rice have arisen as new strategies for increasing micronutrient bioavailability in rice. Furthermore, global climate change effects, particularly rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, are expected to increase the PA content and reduce the concentrations of most of the essential micronutrients in rice grain. Several genes involved in PA biosynthesis have been identified and characterized in rice. Proper understanding of the genes related to PA accumulation during seed development and creating the means to suppress the expression of these genes should provide a foundation for manipulating the PA content in rice grain. Low-PA rice mutants have been developed that have a significantly lower grain PA content, but these mutants also had reduced yields and poor agronomic performance, traits that challenge their effective use in breeding programs. Nevertheless, transgenic technology has been effective in developing low-PA rice without hampering plant growth or seed development. Moreover, manipulating the micronutrient distribution in rice grain, enhancing micronutrient levels and reducing the PA content in endosperm are possible strategies for increasing mineral bioavailability. Therefore, a holistic breeding approach is essential for developing successful low-PA rice lines. In this review, we focus on the key determinants for PA concentration in rice grain and discuss the possible molecular methods and approaches for manipulating the PA content to increase micronutrient bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishara Perera
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, 374-0193 Japan
| | - Saman Seneweera
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, 374-0193 Japan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma, 374-0193 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Hayashi S, Kawakatsu T. An overview on the strategies to exploit rice endosperm as production platform for biopharmaceuticals. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:201-209. [PMID: 28818376 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cereal seed has been utilized as production platform for high-value biopharmaceutical proteins. Especially, protein bodies (PBs) in seeds are not only natural specialized storage organs of seed storage proteins (SSPs), but also suitable intracellular deposition compartment for recombinant proteins. When various recombinant proteins were produced as secretory proteins by attaching N terminal ER signal peptide and C terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal or as fusion proteins with SSPs, high amounts of recombinant proteins can be predominantly accumulated in the PBs. Recombinant proteins bioencapsulated in PBs exhibit high resistance to digestive enzymes in gastrointestinal tract than other intracellular compartments and are highly stable at ambient temperature, thus allowing oral administration of PBs containing recombinant proteins as oral drugs or functional nutrients in cost-effective minimum processed formulation. In this review, we would like to address key factors determining accumulation levels of recombinant proteins in PBs. Understanding of bottle neck parts and improvement of specific deposition to PBs result in much higher levels of production of high quality recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shimpei Hayashi
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Taiji Kawakatsu
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kahlon JG, Jacobsen HJ, Cahill JF, Hall LM. Antifungal genes expressed in transgenic pea (Pisum sativum L.) do not affect root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:683-694. [PMID: 28608039 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically modified crops have raised concerns about unintended consequences on non-target organisms including beneficial soil associates. Pea transformed with four antifungal genes 1-3 β glucanase, endochitinase, polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, and stilbene synthase is currently under field-testing for efficacy against fungal diseases in Canada. Transgenes had lower expression in the roots than leaves in greenhouse experiment. To determine the impact of disease-tolerant pea or gene products on colonization by non-target arbuscular mycorrhizae and nodulation by rhizobium, a field trial was established. Transgene insertion, as single gene or stacked genes, did not alter root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) or root nodulation by rhizobium inoculation in the field. We found no effect of transgenes on the plant growth and performance although, having a dual inoculant with both AMF and rhizobium yielded higher fresh weight shoot-to-root ratio in all the lines tested. This initial risk assessment of transgenic peas expressing antifungal genes showed no deleterious effect on non-target organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagroop Gill Kahlon
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture/Forestry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6K 2P5, Canada.
| | - Hans-Jörg Jacobsen
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Section of Plant Biotechnology, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - James F Cahill
- Department of Biological sciences, B717a, Biological Sciences Bldg., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Linda M Hall
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, 410 Agriculture/Forestry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6K 2P5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu Q, Yu S, Zeng D, Liu H, Wang H, Yang Z, Xie X, Shen R, Tan J, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Chen Y, Guo J, Chen L, Liu YG. Development of "Purple Endosperm Rice" by Engineering Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in the Endosperm with a High-Efficiency Transgene Stacking System. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:918-929. [PMID: 28666688 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have high antioxidant activities, and engineering of anthocyanin biosynthesis in staple crops, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), could provide health-promoting foods for improving human health. However, engineering metabolic pathways for biofortification remains difficult, and previous attempts to engineer anthocyanin production in rice endosperm failed because of the sophisticated genetic regulatory network of its biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we developed a high-efficiency vector system for transgene stacking and used it to engineer anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. We made a construct containing eight anthocyanin-related genes (two regulatory genes from maize and six structural genes from Coleus) driven by the endosperm-specific promoters,plus a selectable marker and a gene for marker excision. Transformation of rice with this construct generated a novel biofortified germplasm "Purple Endosperm Rice" (called "Zijingmi" in Chinese), which has high anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity in the endosperm. This anthocyanin production results from expression of the transgenes and the resulting activation (or enhancement) of expression of 13 endogenous anthocyanin biosynthesis genes that are silenced or expressed at low levels in wild-type rice endosperm. This study provides an efficient, versatile toolkit for transgene stacking and demonstrates its use for successful engineering of a sophisticated biological pathway, suggesting the potential utility of this toolkit for synthetic biology and improvement of agronomic traits in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Suize Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dongchang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- Physiological Laboratory for South China Fruits, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianrong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Heying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiucai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qunyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Montesinos L, Bundó M, Badosa E, San Segundo B, Coca M, Montesinos E. Production of BP178, a derivative of the synthetic antibacterial peptide BP100, in the rice seed endosperm. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:63. [PMID: 28292258 PMCID: PMC5351061 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BP178 peptide is a synthetic BP100-magainin derivative possessing strong inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic bacteria, offering a great potential for future applications in plant protection and other fields. Here we report the production and recovery of a bioactive BP178 peptide using rice seeds as biofactories. RESULTS A synthetic gene encoding the BP178 peptide was prepared and introduced in rice plants. The gene was efficiently expressed in transgenic rice under the control of an endosperm-specific promoter. Among the three endosperm-specific rice promoters (Glutelin B1, Glutelin B4 or Globulin 1), best results were obtained when using the Globulin 1 promoter. The BP178 peptide accumulated in the seed endosperm and was easily recovered from rice seeds using a simple procedure with a yield of 21 μg/g. The transgene was stably inherited for at least three generations, and peptide accumulation remained stable during long term storage of transgenic seeds. The purified peptide showed in vitro activity against the bacterial plant pathogen Dickeya sp., the causal agent of the dark brown sheath rot of rice. Seedlings of transgenic events showed enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, supporting that the in planta produced peptide was biologically active. CONCLUSIONS The strategy developed in this work for the sustainable production of BP178 peptide using rice seeds as biofactories represents a promising system for future production of peptides for plant protection and possibly in other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, 17071 Spain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Badosa
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, 17071 Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - María Coca
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB. Edifici CRAG, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona Spain
| | - Emilio Montesinos
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CIDSAV-XaRTA, University of Girona, Girona, 17071 Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nakata M, Fukamatsu Y, Miyashita T, Hakata M, Kimura R, Nakata Y, Kuroda M, Yamaguchi T, Yamakawa H. High Temperature-Induced Expression of Rice α-Amylases in Developing Endosperm Produces Chalky Grains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2089. [PMID: 29270189 PMCID: PMC5723670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Global warming impairs grain filling in rice and reduces starch accumulation in the endosperm, leading to chalky-appearing grains, which damages their market value. We found previously that high temperature-induced expression of starch-lytic α-amylases during ripening is crucial for grain chalkiness. Because the rice genome carries at least eight functional α-amylase genes, identification of the α-amylase(s) that contribute most strongly to the production of chalky grains could accelerate efficient breeding. To identify α-amylase genes responsible for the production of chalky grains, we characterized the histological expression pattern of eight α-amylase genes and the influences of their overexpression on grain appearance and carbohydrate components through a series of experiments with transgenic rice plants. The promoter activity of most α-amylase genes was elevated to various extents at high temperature. Among them, the expression of Amy1A and Amy3C was induced in the internal, especially basal to dorsal, region of developing endosperm, whereas that of Amy3D was confined near the ventral aleurone. These regions coincided with the site of occurrence of chalkiness, which was in clear contrast to conventionally known expression patterns of the enzyme in the scutellum and aleurone during seed germination. Furthermore, overexpression of α-amylase genes, except for Amy3E, in developing endosperm produced various degrees of chalky grains without heat exposure, whereas that of Amy3E yielded normal translucent grains, as was the case in the vector control, even though Amy3E-overexpressing grains contained enhanced α-amylase activities. The weight of the chalky grains was decreased due to reduced amounts of starch, and microscopic observation of the chalky part of these grains revealed that their endosperm consisted of loosely packed round starch granules that had numerous pits on their surface, confirming the hydrolysis of the starch reserve by α-amylases. Moreover, the chalky grains contained increased amounts of soluble sugars including maltooligosaccharides at the expense of starch. The integrated analyses proposed that expression of Amy1A, Amy3C, and Amy3D at the specific regions of the developing endosperm could generate the chalkiness. This finding provides the fundamental knowledge to narrow down the targets for the development of high temperature-tolerant premium rice.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wakasa Y, Takaiwa F. Analysis of Recombinant Proteins in Transgenic Rice Seeds: Identity, Localization, Tolerance to Digestion, and Plant Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1385:223-47. [PMID: 26614293 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3289-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice seeds are an ideal production platform for high-value recombinant proteins in terms of economy, scalability, safety, and stability. Strategies for the expression of large amounts of recombinant proteins in rice seeds have been established in the past decade and transgenic rice seeds that accumulate recombinant products such as bioactive peptides and proteins, which promote the health and quality of life of humans, have been generated in many laboratories worldwide. One of the most important advantages is the potential for direct oral delivery of transgenic rice seeds without the need for recombinant protein purification (downstream processing), which has been attributed to the high expression levels of recombinant products. Transgenic rice will be beneficial as a delivery system for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals in the future. This chapter introduces the strategy for producing recombinant protein in the edible part (endosperm) of the rice grain and describes methods for the analysis of transgenic rice seeds in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhya Wakasa
- Functional Transgenic Crops Research Unit, Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Functional Transgenic Crops Research Unit, Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sasou A, Shigemitsu T, Saito Y, Tanaka M, Morita S, Masumura T. Control of foreign polypeptide localization in specific layers of protein body type I in rice seed. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1287-1295. [PMID: 26910860 PMCID: PMC4865541 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Prolamin-GFP fusion proteins, expressed under the control of native prolamin promoters, were localized in specific layers of PB-Is. Prolamin-GFP fusion proteins were gradually digested from outside by pepsin digestion. In rice seed endosperm, protein body type I (PB-I) has a layered structure consisting of prolamin species and is the resistant to digestive juices in the intestinal tract. We propose the utilization of PB-Is as an oral vaccine carrier to induce mucosal immune response effectively. If vaccine antigens are localized in a specific layer within PB-Is, they could be protected from gastric juice and be delivered intact to the small intestine. We observed the localization of GFP fluorescence in transgenic rice endosperm expressing prolamin-GFP fusion proteins with native prolamin promoters, and we confirmed that the foreign proteins were located in specific layers of PB-Is artificially. Each prolamin-GFP fusion protein was localized in specific layers of PB-Is, such as the outer-most layer, middle layer, and core region. Furthermore, to investigate the resistance of prolamin-GFP fusion proteins against pepsin digestion, we performed in vitro pepsin treatment. Prolamin-GFP fusion proteins were gradually digested from the peripheral region and the contours of PB-Is were made rough by in vitro pepsin treatment. These findings suggested that prolamin-GFP fusion proteins accumulating specific layers of PB-Is were gradually digested and exposed from the outside by pepsin digestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Sasou
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takanari Shigemitsu
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuhi Saito
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Manami Tanaka
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeto Morita
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Research Center, Kitainayazuma, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0244, Japan
| | - Takehiro Masumura
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Technology Research Center, Kitainayazuma, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0244, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hou J, Jiang P, Qi S, Zhang K, He Q, Xu C, Ding Z, Zhang K, Li K. Isolation and Functional Validation of Salinity and Osmotic Stress Inducible Promoter from the Maize Type-II H+-Pyrophosphatase Gene by Deletion Analysis in Transgenic Tobacco Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154041. [PMID: 27101137 PMCID: PMC4839719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity and drought severely affect both plant growth and productivity, making the isolation and characterization of salinity- or drought-inducible promoters suitable for genetic improvement of crop resistance highly desirable. In this study, a 1468-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of the promoter for ZmGAPP (maize Type-II H+-pyrophosphatase gene) was cloned. Nine 5´ deletion fragments (D1-D9) of different lengths of the ZmGAPP promoter were fused with the GUS reporter and translocated into tobacco. The deletion analysis showed that fragments D1-D8 responded well to NaCl and PEG stresses, whereas fragment D9 and CaMV 35S did not. The D8 segment (219 bp; -219 to -1 bp) exhibited the highest promoter activity of all tissues, with the exception of petals among the D1-D9 transgenic tobacco, which corresponds to about 10% and 25% of CaMV 35S under normal and NaCl or PEG stress conditions, respectively. As such, the D8 segment may confer strong gene expression in a salinity and osmotic stress inducible manner. A 71-bp segment (-219 to -148 bp) was considered as the key region regulating ZmGAPP response to NaCl or PEG stress, as transient transformation assays demonstrated that the 71-bp sequence was sufficient for the salinity or osmotic stress response. These results enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating ZmGAPP expression, and that the D8 promoter would be an ideal candidate for moderating expression of drought and salinity response genes in transgenic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Pingping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Shoumei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- RCBB, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 2, Beibei Dist., 400716, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Kunpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Shanda South Road 27, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fujiwara Y, Yang L, Takaiwa F, Sekikawa K. Expression and Purification of Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-4 and -6 from Transgenic Rice Seeds. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:223-31. [PMID: 26876890 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9920-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic rice seed can be utilized as a bioreactor to produce high-value recombinant proteins. Mouse interleukin 4 (mIL-4) and mIL-6 were specifically expressed as secretory proteins in rice endosperm by ligating the N-terminal glutelin B-1 (GluB-1) signal peptide and the C-terminal KDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention signal under control of the endosperm-specific GluB-1 promoter. In the transgenic rice seed, mIL-4 and mIL-6 accumulated in levels up to 0.43 mg/g grain and 0.16 mg/g grain, respectively. The reducing agents and detergents required for extraction from the transgenic rice seeds differed between the two proteins, indicating differences in their intracellular localization within the endosperm cell. Purified mIL-4 and mIL-6 exhibited high activity and very low endotoxin contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijun Yang
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Fumio Takaiwa
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Kenji Sekikawa
- Preventec, Inc., 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Trijatmiko KR, Dueñas C, Tsakirpaloglou N, Torrizo L, Arines FM, Adeva C, Balindong J, Oliva N, Sapasap MV, Borrero J, Rey J, Francisco P, Nelson A, Nakanishi H, Lombi E, Tako E, Glahn RP, Stangoulis J, Chadha-Mohanty P, Johnson AAT, Tohme J, Barry G, Slamet-Loedin IH. Biofortified indica rice attains iron and zinc nutrition dietary targets in the field. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19792. [PMID: 26806528 PMCID: PMC4726380 DOI: 10.1038/srep19792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two billion people are micronutrient deficient. Polished grains of popular rice varieties have concentration of approximately 2 μg g(-1) iron (Fe) and 16 μg g(-1) zinc (Zn). The HarvestPlus breeding programs for biofortified rice target 13 μg g(-1) Fe and 28 μg g(-1) Zn to reach approximately 30% of the estimated average requirement (EAR). Reports on engineering Fe content in rice have shown an increase up to 18 μg g(-1) in glasshouse settings; in contrast, under field conditions, 4 μg g(-1) was the highest reported concentration. Here, we report on selected transgenic events, field evaluated in two countries, showing 15 μg g(-1) Fe and 45.7 μg g(-1) Zn in polished grain. Rigorous selection was applied to 1,689 IR64 transgenic events for insert cleanliness and, trait and agronomic performances. Event NASFer-274 containing rice nicotianamine synthase (OsNAS2) and soybean ferritin (SferH-1) genes showed a single locus insertion without a yield penalty or altered grain quality. Endosperm Fe and Zn enrichment was visualized by X-ray fluorescence imaging. The Caco-2 cell assay indicated that Fe is bioavailable. No harmful heavy metals were detected in the grain. The trait remained stable in different genotype backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Bogor 16111, Indonesia
| | - Conrado Dueñas
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Nikolaos Tsakirpaloglou
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Lina Torrizo
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Felichi Mae Arines
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Cheryl Adeva
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Jeanette Balindong
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Norman Oliva
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria V. Sapasap
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Jaime Borrero
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jessica Rey
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Perigio Francisco
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Andy Nelson
- Social Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Enzo Lombi
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Elad Tako
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, New York
| | - Raymond P. Glahn
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, New York
| | - James Stangoulis
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prabhjit Chadha-Mohanty
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Joe Tohme
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gerard Barry
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Inez H. Slamet-Loedin
- Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Production of Biologically Active Cecropin A Peptide in Rice Seed Oil Bodies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146919. [PMID: 26760761 PMCID: PMC4711921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cecropin A is a natural antimicrobial peptide that exhibits fast and potent activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens and neoplastic cells, and that has important biotechnological applications. However, cecropin A exploitation, as for other antimicrobial peptides, is limited by their production and purification costs. Here, we report the efficient production of this bioactive peptide in rice bran using the rice oleosin 18 as a carrier protein. High cecropin A levels were reached in rice seeds driving the expression of the chimeric gene by the strong embryo-specific oleosin 18 own promoter, and targeting the peptide to the oil body organelle as an oleosin 18-cecropin A fusion protein. The accumulation of cecropin A in oil bodies had no deleterious effects on seed viability and seedling growth, as well as on seed yield. We also show that biologically active cecropin A can be easily purified from the transgenic rice seeds by homogenization and simple flotation centrifugation methods. Our results demonstrate that the oleosin fusion technology is suitable for the production of cecropin A in rice seeds, which can potentially be extended to other antimicrobial peptides to assist their exploitation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jeong HJ, Jung KH. Rice tissue-specific promoters and condition-dependent promoters for effective translational application. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:913-24. [PMID: 25882130 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population. The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes. This scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability. The process of genetic transformation, a major tool for crop improvement, utilizes promoters as one of its key elements. Those promoters are generally divided into three types: constitutive, spatiotemporal, and condition-dependent. Transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter often leads to reduced plant growth, due to a negative effect of accumulated molecules during cellular functions or energy consumption. To maximize the effect of a transgene on transgenic plants, it is better to use condition-dependent or tissue-specific promoters. However, until now, those types have not been as widely applied in crop biotechnology. In this review, we introduce and discuss four groups of tissue-specific promoters (50 promoters in total) and six groups of condition-dependent promoters (27 promoters). These promoters can be utilized to fine-tune desirable agronomic traits and develop crops with tolerance to various stresses, enhanced nutritional value, and advanced productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Birla DS, Malik K, Sainger M, Chaudhary D, Jaiwal R, Jaiwal PK. Progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativaL.). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2455-2481. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1084992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deep Shikha Birla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Kapil Malik
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Manish Sainger
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Darshna Chaudhary
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ranjana Jaiwal
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Pawan K. Jaiwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Takagi H, Hiroi T. Rice seed for delivery of vaccines to gut mucosal immune tissues. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1041-55. [PMID: 26100952 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is the biggest lymphoid organ in the body. It plays a role in robust immune responses against invading pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance against nonpathogenic antigens such as foods. Oral vaccination can induce mucosal and systemic antigen-specific immune reactions and has several advantages including ease of administration, no requirement for purification and ease of scale-up of antigen. Thus far, taking advantage of these properties, various plant-based oral vaccines have been developed. Seeds provide a superior production platform over other plant tissues for oral vaccines; they offer a suitable delivery vehicle to GALT due to their high stability at room temperature, ample and stable deposition space, high expression level, and protection from digestive enzymes in gut. A rice seed production system for oral vaccines was established by combining stable deposition in protein bodies or protein storage vacuoles and enhanced endosperm-specific expression. Various types of rice-based oral vaccines for infectious and allergic diseases were generated. Efficacy of these rice-based vaccines was evaluated in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Functional Crop Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lack of Globulin Synthesis during Seed Development Alters Accumulation of Seed Storage Proteins in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14717-36. [PMID: 26133242 PMCID: PMC4519868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The major seed storage proteins (SSPs) in rice seeds have been classified into three types, glutelins, prolamins, and globulin, and the proportion of each SSP varies. It has been shown in rice mutants that when either glutelins or prolamins are defective, the expression of another type of SSP is promoted to counterbalance the deficit. However, we observed reduced abundances of glutelins and prolamins in dry seeds of a globulin-deficient rice mutant (Glb-RNAi), which was generated with RNA interference (RNAi)-induced suppression of globulin expression. The expression of the prolamin and glutelin subfamily genes was reduced in the immature seeds of Glb-RNAi lines compared with those in wild type. A proteomic analysis of Glb-RNAi seeds showed that the reductions in glutelin and prolamin were conserved at the protein level. The decreased pattern in glutelin was also significant in the presence of a reductant, suggesting that the polymerization of the glutelin proteins via intramolecular disulfide bonds could be interrupted in Glb-RNAi seeds. We also observed aberrant and loosely packed structures in the storage organelles of Glb-RNAi seeds, which may be attributable to the reductions in SSPs. In this study, we evaluated the role of rice globulin in seed development, showing that a deficiency in globulin could comprehensively reduce the expression of other SSPs.
Collapse
|