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Meng S, Tong M, Yu Y, Cao Y, Tang B, Shi X, Liu K. The prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:536. [PMID: 37501170 PMCID: PMC10373275 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence information is the first step in developing preventive procedures or health services. This study was conducted to systematically evaluate the epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in Chinese elderly aged ≥ 60 years and to provide evidence-based evidence for the prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS We identified relevant studies by searching the literature published in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP databases from the establishment of the database until August 2022. We used a random-effects model to obtain prevalence estimates and identified sources of heterogeneity and comparisons of prevalence among different groups through subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS A total of 29 articles were included in this study, and the prevalence of osteoporosis fractures in elderly Chinese was high (18.9%). The prevalence has increased significantly over the past decade (from 13.2% in 2000-2010 to 22.7% in 2012-2022). The prevalence of osteoporosis is higher in women than in men (18.5% vs 14.3%) and increases with age. The northern region was higher than the southern region (20.3% vs 18.9%), and the spine, hip, and distal forearm were the most common sites of fracture. CONCLUSION The prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in the Chinese elderly is 18.9%, and timely prevention and treatment are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Meng
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minghao Tong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanguang Cao
- Orthopedic Traumatology II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Tang
- Orthopedic Traumatology II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Shi
- Orthopedic Traumatology II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Orthopedic Traumatology II, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Alonso A, Rosas CE, Rademaker A, Sanchez-Johnsen L. Clustering of Health Risk Behaviors in Mexican and Puerto Rican Men: Results from the Latino Men's Health Initiative. Nutrients 2022; 14:4495. [PMID: 36364758 PMCID: PMC9657089 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Engaging in multiple health risk behaviors simultaneously may increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases. This study examined the prevalence and clustering of three health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and smoking) among Latino men. The participants were 99 Mexican and 104 Puerto Rican men who participated in a study addressing culture- and obesity-related factors. The health behaviors were obtained from self-reported and anthropometric assessments through objective measurements. Among all participants, 5% had no health risk behaviors, 30% had one, 47% had two, and 18% had all three; their most common health risk behavior cluster was low physical activity and low fruit and vegetable consumption (28%). Among Puerto Rican men, 7% had no health risk behaviors, 24% had one, 51% had two, and 18% had all three; their most common health risk behavior cluster was current smoker and low fruit and vegetable consumption (28%). Among Mexican men, 3% had no health risk behaviors, 36% had one, 43% had two and 19% had all three; their most common health risk behavior cluster was low physical activity and low fruit and vegetable consumption (33%). The findings highlight the need for lifestyle interventions that target multiple health risk behaviors related to cardiometabolic diseases in Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Alonso
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carlos E. Rosas
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Loo LC, Ong KW, Ahmad Nidzwal AK, Razali MH, Ahmad N, Naim A, Daud F, Abdul Gafor AH, Ahmad N. Knowledge of chronic kidney disease among undergraduate and postgraduate students in a public university in Klang Valley, Malaysia: A cross sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274038. [PMID: 36149873 PMCID: PMC9506610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity among the young Malaysians are increasing. Understanding the factors associated with CKD knowledge could assists healthcare providers to design health education programmes. There are scarce local studies on CKD knowledge and its associated factors among university students. This subpopulation comprises of young people with diverse background and characteristics. This study was aimed to assess the CKD knowledge and its associated factors among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia students from July 2020 to August 2020. A convenience sampling method was applied. All students were invited to complete an online survey using Google Forms that were sent to their email. The survey consisted of questions related to their sociodemographic, socioeconomics, university programme enrolled, medical history, lifestyle characteristics and CKD knowledge. The data were analysed using SPSS Statistics 26.0. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the final associated factors after controlling for confounders. A total of 3074 students participated and 32.6% of them had below average CKD knowledge. Students of male gender, enrolment in undergraduate programmes and non-health-related faculties/institutes were more likely to have below average CKD knowledge. Students who are Chinese, from high monthly household income family and with family history of CKD were less likely to have below average CKD knowledge. Almost one-third of the students had below average CKD knowledge. The six associated factors with CKD knowledge were non-modifiable. Of the six factors, three were associated with students being more likely to have below average CKD knowledge; another three were associated with students being less likely to have below average CKD knowledge. Future health education programmes to enhance CKD knowledge should be designed focusing on students who are more likely to have below average CKD knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lean Cheong Loo
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Wei Ong
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aida Khalisha Ahmad Nidzwal
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Helmi Razali
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nizal Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlinah Naim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faiz Daud
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfazilah Ahmad
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Chua SN, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Austin SB, Wilfley DE, Taylor CB. Estimated prevalence of eating disorders in Malaysia based on a diagnostic screen. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:763-775. [PMID: 35366018 PMCID: PMC9167751 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are debilitating health conditions and common across cultures. Recent reports suggest that about 14.0% of university students in Malaysia are at risk for developing an ED, and that prevalence may differ by ethnicity and gender. However, less is known about the prevalence of EDs in nonuniversity populations. OBJECTIVE The current study seeks to (1) estimate the prevalence of EDs and ED risk status among adults in Malaysia using an established diagnostic screen; (2) examine gender and ethnic differences between ED diagnostic/risk status groups; and (3) characterize the clinical profile of individuals who screen positive for an ED. METHOD We administered the Stanford-Washington University Eating Disorder Screen, an online ED screening tool, to adults in Malaysia in September 2020. RESULTS ED risk/diagnostic categories were assigned to 818 participants (ages 18-73 years) of which, 0.8% screened positive for anorexia nervosa, 1.4% for bulimia nervosa, 0.1% for binge-ED, 51.4% for other specified feeding or ED, and 4.8% for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. There was gender parity in the high risk and the overall ED categories. The point prevalence of positive eating pathology screening among Malays was significantly higher than Chinese but no different from Indians. DISCUSSION This is the first study to estimate the prevalence of EDs using a diagnostic screen in a population-based sample of Malaysians. It is concerning that over 50% of Malaysians reported symptoms of EDs. This study highlights the need to invest more resources in understanding and managing eating pathology in Malaysia. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study estimates the prevalence of EDs among adults in Malaysia using an online EDs screen. Over 50% of Malaysians report symptoms of EDs. The study highlights the need for more resources and funding to address this important public health issue through surveillance, prevention, and treatment of EDs in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Ning Chua
- Relate Mental Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - S Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Du YF, Liu HR, Zhang Y, Bai WL, Li RY, Sun RZ, Wang NL. Prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in urban and rural Chinese populations over 50 years old: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:141-149. [PMID: 35047369 PMCID: PMC8720354 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China. METHODS By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Du
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Han-Ruo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Ling Bai
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ru-Yue Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Run-Zhou Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
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Deraman MA, Abdul Hafidz MI, Lawenko RM, Ma ZF, Wong MS, Coyle C, Lee YY. Randomised clinical trial: the effectiveness of Gaviscon Advance vs non-alginate antacid in suppression of acid pocket and post-prandial reflux in obese individuals after late-night supper. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2020; 51:1014-1021. [PMID: 32343001 PMCID: PMC7318318 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-night supper increases the risk of postprandial reflux from the acid pocket especially in obesity. An alginate-based, raft-forming medication may be useful for obese patients with GERD. AIMS To compare the efficacy of Gaviscon Advance (Reckitt Benckiser, UK) and a non-alginate antacid in post-supper suppression of the acid pocket and post-prandial reflux among obese participants. METHODS Participants underwent 48 h wireless and probe-based pH-metry recording of the acid pocket and lower oesophagus, respectively, and were randomised to single post-supper (10 pm) dose of either Gaviscon Advance or a non-alginate antacid on the second night. Primary outcomes were suppression of median pH of acid pocket and lower oesophagus, measured every 10-minutes post-supper for 1 h. Secondary outcomes were suppression of % time pH < 4 at lower oesophagus and improvement in frequency and visual analogue score (VAS) of regurgitation. RESULTS Of the 81 screened participants, 55 were excluded and 26 (mean age 33.5 years, males 77.8% and BMI 32.8 kg/m2 ) were randomised to Gaviscon Advance (n = 13) or antacid (n = 13). Median pH of the acid pocket but not the lower oesophagus was suppressed with Gaviscon Advance vs antacid (all P < 0.04) Gaviscon Advance but not antacid significantly reduced in % time pH < 4, symptom frequency and VAS on day 2 vs day 1 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among obese individuals, Gaviscon Advance was superior to a non-alginate antacid in post-supper suppression of the acid pocket. (Clinical trial registration unique identifier: NCT03516188).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adli Deraman
- School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKota BahruMalaysia
| | | | | | - Zheng Feei Ma
- School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKota BahruMalaysia,Department of Health and Environmental SciencesXi'an Jiaotong‐Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Mung Seong Wong
- School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKota BahruMalaysia
| | | | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical SciencesUniversiti Sains MalaysiaKota BahruMalaysia,Gut Research GroupFaculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia,St George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia
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Li LX, Lin SZ, Zhang RP, Chen SW. [Prevalence of pediatric asthma in the rural areas of China: a Meta analysis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020; 22:380-386. [PMID: 32312379 PMCID: PMC7389704 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.1910164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the prevalence of pediatric asthma in the rural areas of China, and to provide data for the prevention and treatment of pediatric asthma. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Embase were searched for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of pediatric asthma in the rural areas of China published up to August 31, 2019. Two researchers independently conducted preliminary screening and data extraction. Stata 14.0 and R software were used to perform a Meta analysis of prevalence rate. Subgroup analysis was also performed. RESULTS A total of 24 articles were reviewed, with a sample size of 212 814 children, among whom there were 3 254 children with asthma, with an overall prevalence rate of 2.02% (95%CI: 1.67%-2.36%). Boys had a significantly higher prevalence rate than girls (3.64% vs 2.03%, P<0.001). The annual prevalence rate increased from 1.21% in 1990-1999 to 3.36% in 2011-2015. The prevalence rate of pediatric asthma was 3.15% in South China, which was higher than that in East China (2.31%), Southwest China (2.15%), North China (1.19%), and Central China (1.12%). Preschool children had the highest prevalence rate of 2.63%, followed by infants and young children (2.48%) and school-age children (1.41%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence rate of pediatric asthma is relatively low but tends to increase in the rural areas of China. Boys have a higher prevalence rate of asthma than girls, and the prevalence rate is higher in South China. Preschool children have the highest prevalence rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiang Li
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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A feasibility of simulation-based exercise programme for overweight adult in higher learning institutions. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mohamad Nor NS, Ambak R, Mohd Zaki N, Abdul Aziz NS, Cheong SM, Abd Razak MA, Yusof M, Ahmad MH, Baharuddin A, Megat Radzi MR, Wan Kozil WNK, Ishak IH, Aris T. An update on obesity research pattern among adults in Malaysia: a scoping review. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:114. [PMID: 30066661 PMCID: PMC6069511 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a global health burden in the non-communicable diseases and much efforts have been implemented in the past decade in response to the rise of obesity prevalence among the Malaysian population. These include the development of the national policies, health programmes and research activities. The main aim of the scoping review was to identify obesity research pattern among adults in Malaysia in terms of the scopes, topics and the research designs. Methods The scoping review was conducted based on the framework by Arksey and O’Malley. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) diagram was used as a guide to record the review process. Articles from year 2008 until 2017 on overweight and obesity among adults aged 18 years and above were retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (Embase/Ovid, Pubmed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar). Local journals, Nutrition Research in Malaysia Biblography (2011 and 2016), online local theses databases, virtual library databases were also included in the searches. Consultations with relevant key informants from the National Institutes of Health and local universities were also conducted. Search activities were managed using Endnote software and MS Excelsheet. Results The characteristics of the results were described based on the objectives of the review. A total of 2004 articles and reports were retrieved, and 188 articles related to obesity in Malaysia were included in the final review. Scopes and topics of obesity research based on the Nutrition Research Priorities in Malaysia (NRPM) for 11th Malaysia Plan were obesity prevalence, weight loss intervention, association of physical activities and dietary factors with obesity. The majority of obesity research among adults in Malaysia was cross sectional studies and only a small number of intervention studies, qualitative studies and systematic review were indentified. Research gaps were identified in order to make useful recommendations to the stakeholders. Conclusions In the past decade, there has been an emerging evidence on obesity research among adults in Malaysia. More obesity research needs to be conducted particularly on obesity intervention among specific gender, qualitative studies, economic cost and genetic factors of obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12905-018-0590-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rashidah Ambak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazian Mohd Zaki
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Man Cheong
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muslimah Yusof
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azli Baharuddin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megat Rusydi Megat Radzi
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Intan Hafizah Ishak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes for Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Subramaniam K, Low WY, Chinna K, Chin KF, Krishnaswamy S. Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a Sample of Malaysian Adults Attending a Health Care Facility. Malays J Med Sci 2017; 24:64-73. [PMID: 28951691 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Malay version of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) among Malaysian adults. METHOD The Malay version of the DEBQ instrument was administered to 398 outpatients (269 women and 129 men) at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to study the construct validity of the instrument. Composite reliability coefficient, Raykov's rho, was used to determine the internal consistency. RESULTS The proposed three-factor structure for the DEBQ instrument was appropriate, although three items (Items 21, 14 and 27) showed problematic loadings with inappropriate model fit and were removed. The modified version had an appropriate model fit χ2/df = 2.129, TLI = 0.908, CFI = 0.918, RMSEA = 0.053 (90%CI = 0.048-0.058), close-fit P-value = 0.136 and satisfactory internal consistency of 0.914 for emotional eating scale, 0.819 for external eating scale and 0.856 for restrained eating scale. DISCUSSION The Malay version of the DEBQ is a valid instrument to study eating behaviour traits among Malaysian adults. Further research is warranted to determine if Items 14 and 27 are appropriate for the Malaysian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Subramaniam
- Medical Education, Research and Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Medical Education, Research and Development Unit (MERDU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kin Fah Chin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chew WF, Leong PP, Yap SF, Yasmin AM, Choo KB, Low GKK, Boo NY. Risk factors associated with abdominal obesity in suburban adolescents from a Malaysian district. Singapore Med J 2017; 59:104-111. [PMID: 28210748 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with abdominal obesity (AO) in suburban adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included adolescents aged 15-17 years from five randomly selected secondary schools in the Hulu Langat district of Selangor state, Malaysia. Waist circumference (WC) was measured at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest. Information on sociodemographic data, dietary habits, physical activity levels and duration of sleep was obtained via interviewer-administered questionnaires. Participants' habitual food intake was determined using a 73-item Food Frequency Questionnaire. RESULTS Among 832 participants, 56.0% were girls; 48.4% were Malay, 40.5% Chinese, 10.2% Indian and 0.8% of other ethnic groups. Median age and WC were 16 (interquartile range [IQR] 15-16) years and 67.9 (IQR 63.0-74.6) cm, respectively. Overall prevalence of AO (> 90th percentile on the WC chart) was 11.3%. A higher proportion (22.4%) of Indian adolescents were found to have AO compared with Malay and Chinese adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 7.064, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.087-23.913; p = 0.002), Indian ethnicity (adjusted OR 10.164, 95% CI 2.182-47.346; p = 0.003), irregular meals (adjusted OR 3.193, 95% CI 1.043-9.774; p = 0.042) and increasing body mass index (BMI) (adjusted OR 2.867, 95% CI 2.216-3.710; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with AO. CONCLUSION AO was common among Malaysian adolescents. Female gender, Indian ethnicity, irregular meals and increasing BMI were significant risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fong Chew
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pooi Pooi Leong
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sook Fan Yap
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Malik Yasmin
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kong Bung Choo
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gary Kim Kuan Low
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nem Yun Boo
- Department of Population Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
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Pell C, Allotey P, Evans N, Hardon A, Imelda JD, Soyiri I, Reidpath DD. Coming of age, becoming obese: a cross-sectional analysis of obesity among adolescents and young adults in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1082. [PMID: 27737680 PMCID: PMC5064972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaysians have become increasingly obese over recent years. The transition from adolescence to early adulthood is recognized as critical for the development of eating and activity habits. However, little obesity-related research focuses on this life stage. Drawing on data from a health and demographic surveillance site in Malaysia, this article describes obesity and overweight amongst adolescents and young adults in a multi-ethnic population. METHODS Data were collected at the South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO) in Segamat District, Johor. In this dynamic cohort of approximately 40,000 people, 5,475 were aged 16-35 in 2013-2014. The population consists of Malay, Chinese, Indian and Indigenous (Orang Asli) families in proportions that reflect the national ethnic diversity. Data were collected through health profiles (Body Mass Index [BMI] measurements in homes) and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Age and ethnicity were associated with overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9Kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30Kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight was 12.8 % at ages 16-20 and 28.4 % at ages 31-35; obesity was 7.9 % and 20.9 % at the same age groups. The main ethnic groups also showed varied patterns of obesity and overweight at the different age groups with Chinese at lowest and Orang Asli at highest risk. Level of education, employment status, physical activity and frequency of eating out were poorly predictive of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION The pattern of overweight and obesity in the 16-35 age group further highlights this as a significant period for changes in health-related behaviours. Further longitudinal research is however needed to confirm the observed pattern and investigate causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pell
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascale Allotey
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Natalie Evans
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Hardon
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna D. Imelda
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia Puri Depok Mas Blok P-39, Depok, 16436 West Java Indonesia
| | - Ireneous Soyiri
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
| | - Daniel D. Reidpath
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - The SEACO Team
- Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), 6th Floor, Wisma Centrepoint, Jalan Sia Her Yam, 85000 Segamat, Johor Malaysia
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Indonesia Puri Depok Mas Blok P-39, Depok, 16436 West Java Indonesia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG Scotland
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13
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Jamal SN, Moy FM, Azmi Mohamed MN, Mukhtar F. Effectiveness of a Group Support Lifestyle Modification (GSLiM) Programme among Obese Adults in Workplace: A Randomised Controlled Trial. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160343. [PMID: 27537687 PMCID: PMC4990415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities over the past decades in Malaysia. Effective intervention for obesity remains limited. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a group based lifestyle modification programme amongst obese individuals with an existing dietary counseling programme. METHODS We recruited one hundred and ninety four overweight and obese (BMI>27.5 kg/m2) employees from a local university. They were randomly allocated to either Group Support Lifestyle Modification (GSLiM) (intervention)(n = 97) or dietary counseling (comparison)(n = 97). The GSLIM activities included self monitoring, cognitive-behaviour sessions, exercise as well as dietary change advocacy, which were conducted through seminars and group sessions over 24 weeks. The comparison group was given dietary counselling once in 12 weeks. Both groups were followed up for additional 12 weeks to check for intervention effect sustenance. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 weeks; while dietary intake, physical activities, psychological measures and quality of life measured at baseline, 24 and 36 weeks. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA repeated measures with intention to treat principle. RESULTS The participants were predominantly women with mean (standard deviation) age of 40.5 (9.3) years. A total of 19.6% of the participants in GSLiM achieved 6% weight loss compared to 4.1% in the comparison group (Risk Ratio 4.75; 95% CI: 1.68, 13.45). At 24 weeks, the retention rate was 83.5% for GSLiM and 82.5% for comparison group. GSLiM participants also achieved significant improvement in total weight self-efficacy score, negative emotions and physical discomfort subscales, MDPSS friend subscale and all domains in quality of life. Participants in the comparison group experienced reduction in negative self-thoughts. CONCLUSION The GSLiM programme proved to be more effective in achieving targeted weight loss, improving weight self-efficacy, friend social support, and quality of life compared to dietary counseling. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201104056127N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Noraida Jamal
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foong Ming Moy
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nahar Azmi Mohamed
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Mukhtar
- Departments of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
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14
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Fournier T, Tibère L, Laporte C, Mognard E, Ismail MN, Sharif SP, Poulain JP. Eating patterns and prevalence of obesity. Lessons learned from the Malaysian Food Barometer. Appetite 2016; 107:362-371. [PMID: 27521166 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Malaysian society is experiencing and coping with a fast modernization process, which is characterized by a rapid urbanization and rural exodus, an important reduction of the size of households, and the emergence of a new middle class. The Malaysian Food Barometer launched in 2013 has provided better understanding how these macro issues have affected the lifestyles and especially the food habits of the Malaysians. The country has indeed undergone a transition period from under-nutrition to over-nutrition in a few decades, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity having markedly and rapidly increased. A quantitative survey (n = 2000), elaborated from a qualitative preliminary phase, was carried out with the aim of analyzing the transformation of food habits at the national level. The present article focuses on the BMI issue in Malaysia, and investigates its relationships with the socio-demographic variables of the population, as well as their eating patterns. The mean BMI is 23.64 kg/m2, with 9.5% of the sample being obese, and 22% overweight. Strong statistical associations have been identified between BMI and independent variables such as size of the living area, ethnicity, level of education, gender, and age. Contrary to general believe, overweight and obesity were neither associated with the number of food intakes taken per day (including snacks) nor with the frequency of eating out. Nonetheless, obesity is over-represented in people who have dissonant eating behaviors, i.e. who declare having fewer food intakes a day (food norms) than they do actually (food practices). This process testifies that the Malaysians are experiencing a "food transition", which is linked with socio-economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Tibère
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C Laporte
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E Mognard
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's University, School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M N Ismail
- Taylor's University, School of Hospitality, Tourism and Culinary Arts, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S P Sharif
- Taylor's University, Business School, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J-P Poulain
- University of Toulouse II, CERTOP-CNRS, Toulouse, France; Taylor's Toulouse University Centre, Chair of Food Studies: Food, Cultures and Health, Taylor's University, Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Yang L, Shao J, Bian Y, Wu H, Shi L, Zeng L, Li W, Dong J. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among inland residents in China (2000-2014): A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:845-852. [PMID: 27181391 PMCID: PMC5089946 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Besides the aging population in China, the following have become serious public health problems: increasing urban population, lifestyle changes and diabetes. We assessed the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China between 2000 and 2014, and analyzed time trends to better determine the prevalence status of diabetes in China and to provide a basis for prevention and decision‐making. Materials and Methods In our systematic review, we searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, Wanfang and PubMed databases for studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus between 2000 and 2014 in China. Two investigators extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included literature independently. We excluded studies that did not use 1999 World Health Organization criteria for diabetes. We also excluded reviews and viewpoints, studies with insufficient data, studies that were not carried out in mainland China and studies on troops, community, schools or physical examination people. We used stata 12.0 to combine the prevalence of all studies, calculated the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence interval, and analyzed the differences among men/women, urban/rural areas and year of study. We calculated the prevalence of seven geographic areas of China, respectively, and mapped the distribution in the whole country to estimate the pooled prevalence of each area. Results Our search returned 4,572 studies, 77 of which satisfied the inclusion criteria. The included studies had a total of 1,287,251 participants, in which 680,574 cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus were recorded. The overall prevalence (9.1%) has been increasing since the 1970s, and it increased rapidly with age. The prevalence of the 65–74 years group was as high as 14.1%. Meanwhile, the prevalence among men/women and urban/rural areas was significantly different. The prevalence was 9.9% for men and 11.6% for women, which were significantly higher than the average at the end of the last century and the beginning of this century. The prevalence rate in urban areas (11.4%) was significantly higher than that in rural areas and in urban‐rural fringe areas, and the prevalence in rural areas (8.2%) was slightly higher than that in urban‐rural fringe areas (7.5%). In addition, the prevalence in each geographic area were estimated and mapped, which showed a large imbalance in the map. Conclusions Our analysis suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in China. These results underscore the urgent need for the government to vigorously strengthen the management of diabetes prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lili Shi
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yang WY, Burrows T, MacDonald-Wicks L, Williams LT, Collins CE, Chee WSS. The Family Diet Study: a cross-sectional study into the associations between diet, food habits and body weight status in Malay families. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 29:441-8. [PMID: 26879748 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is becoming more common as Malaysia experiences rapid nutrition transition. Current evidence related to parental influences on child dietary intake and body weight status is limited. The present study aimed to report, among Malay families, the prevalence of energy mis-reporting and dietary relationships within family dyads. METHODS The cross-sectional Family Diet Study (n = 236) was conducted at five primary schools in central of Peninsular Malaysia. Each family consisted of a Malay child, aged 8-12 years, and their main caregiver(s). Information on socio-demographics, dietary intake and anthropometry were collected. Correlations and regression analyses were used to assess dietary relationships within family dyads. RESULTS Approximately 29.6% of the children and 75.0% parents were categorised as being overweight or obese. Intakes of nutrients and food groups were below the national recommended targets for majority of children and adults. A large proportion of energy intake mis-reporters were identified: mothers (55.5%), fathers (40.2%) and children (40.2%). Children's body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with parental BMI (fathers, r = 0.37; mothers, r = 0.34; P < 0.01). For dietary intakes, moderate-to-strong (0.35-0.72) and weak-to-moderate (0.16-0.35) correlations were found between mother-father and child-parent dyads, respectively. Multiple regression revealed that maternal percentage energy from fat (β = 0.09, P < 0.01) explained 81% of the variation in children's fat intake. CONCLUSIONS Clear parental dietary relationships, especially child-mother dyads, were found. Despite a significant proportion of families with members who were overweight or obese, the majority reported dietary intakes below recommended levels, distorted by energy mis-reporting. The findings of the present study can inform interventions targeting parent-child relationships to improve family dietary patterns in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Burrows
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - L MacDonald-Wicks
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - L T Williams
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - C E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - W S S Chee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wong WY, Ward LC, Fong CW, Yap WN, Brown L. Anti-inflammatory γ- and δ-tocotrienols improve cardiovascular, liver and metabolic function in diet-induced obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:133-150. [PMID: 26446095 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that γ- and δ-tocotrienols are more effective than α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol in attenuating the signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were fed a corn starch-rich (C) diet containing 68 % carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other five groups were fed a diet (H) high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25 % fructose in drinking water, total 68 %) and fats (beef tallow, total 24 %) for 16 weeks. Separate groups from each diet were supplemented with either α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol or α-tocopherol (85 mg/kg/day) for the final 8 of the 16 weeks. RESULTS H rats developed visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling and fatty liver. α-Tocopherol, α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols reduced collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart. Only γ- and δ-tocotrienols improved cardiovascular function and normalised systolic blood pressure compared to H rats. Further, δ-tocotrienol improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and abdominal adiposity. In the liver, these interventions reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltrates and plasma liver enzyme activities. Tocotrienols were measured in heart, liver and adipose tissue showing that chronic oral dosage delivered tocotrienols to these organs despite low or no detection of tocotrienols in plasma. CONCLUSION In rats, δ-tocotrienol improved inflammation, heart structure and function, and liver structure and function, while γ-tocotrienol produced more modest improvements, with minimal changes with α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol. The most important mechanism of action is likely to be reduction in organ inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Yew Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signalling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chee Wai Fong
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
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18
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Tan VMH, Lee YS, Venkataraman K, Khoo EYH, Tai ES, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Leow MKS, Khoo CM. Ethnic differences in insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function among Asian men. Nutr Diabetes 2015; 5:e173. [PMID: 26192451 PMCID: PMC4521178 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lean Asian Indians are less insulin sensitive compared with Chinese and Malays, but the pancreatic beta-cell function among these ethnic groups has yet to be studied in depth. We aimed to study beta-cell function in relation to insulin sensitivity among individuals of Chinese, Malay and Asian-Indian ethnicity living in Singapore. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This is a sub-group analysis of 59 normoglycemic lean (body mass index (BMI) <23 kg m(-)(2)) adult males (14 Chinese, 21 Malays and 24 Asian Indians) from the Singapore Adults Metabolism Study. Insulin sensitivity was determined using fasting state indices (homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance), the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (ISI-clamp) and a liquid mixed-meal tolerance test (LMMTT) (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI-Mat)). Beta-cell function was assessed using fasting state indices (homeostatic model assessment-beta-cell function) and from the LMMTT (insulinogenic index and insulin secretion index). The oral disposition index (DI), a measure of beta-cell function relative to insulin sensitivity during the LMMTT, was calculated as a product of ISI-Mat and insulin secretion index. RESULTS Asian Indians had higher waist circumference and percent body fat than Chinese and Malays despite similar BMI. Overall, Asian Indians were the least insulin sensitive whereas the Chinese were most insulin sensitive. Asian Indians had higher beta-cell function compared with Chinese or Malays but these were not statistically different. Malays had the highest incremental area under the curve for glucose during LMMTT compared with Asian Indians and Chinese. However, there were no significant ethnic differences in the incremental insulin area under the curve. The oral DI was the lowest in Malays, followed by Asian Indians and Chinese. CONCLUSION Among lean Asians, Chinese are the most insulin sensitive whereas Asian Indians are the least insulin sensitive. However, Malays demonstrate higher postprandial glucose excursion with lower beta-cell response compare with Chinese or Asian Indians. The paths leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus might differ between these Asian ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M H Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatric, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y S Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatric, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - K Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Y H Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - E S Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Y S Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M K S Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - C M Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Aazmi S, Teh LK, Ramasamy K, Rahman T, Salleh MZ. Comparison of the anti-obesity and hypocholesterolaemic effects of singleLactobacillus caseistrain Shirota and probiotic cocktail. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq Aazmi
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE); Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE); Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group; Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research; Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
| | - Thuhairah Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine; Universiti Teknologi MARA; 47000 Sungai Buloh Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE); Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Universiti Teknologi MARA; Puncak Alam Campus 42300 Puncak Alam Malaysia
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20
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Ng LWC, Malhotra R, Lai D, Tai ES, Østbye T. Perceived Barriers to and Ideas for Weight Control Interventions in Malay Homemakers. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:NP552-61. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539513479966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To develop a better understanding of perceived barriers to and ideas for weight loss and maintenance among Malay homemakers in Singapore. Methods. Interventions for weight management were reviewed, and 5 focus groups were conducted among overweight and obese Malay homemakers (n = 24) to explore barriers to and concepts and ideas pertaining to weight loss and maintenance. Results. Barriers identified included the lack of time, finances, and motivation. Ideas that were most appealing included free health screening, workshops on how best to manage children and family, regular fun group activities, monetary incentives for participation in activities for healthy living, and flexible part-time jobs. Conclusion. The focus groups provided useful insights pointing toward possible interventions that could appeal to Malay homemakers in Singapore. The most appealing approaches were those that were time flexible and had the least financial burden or had a financial benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danny Lai
- ACORN Marketing & Research Consultants PTE LTD, Singapore
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21
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Jan Mohamed HJB, Yap RWK, Loy SL, Norris SA, Biesma R, Aagaard-Hansen J. Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2014; 27:123-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539514562447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to examine trends in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Malaysian adults, and to identify its underlying determinants. A review of studies published between 2000 and 2012 on overweight, obesity, and T2DM was conducted. The Cochrane library of systematic reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, Scopus, and MyJurnal digital database were searched. According to national studies, the prevalence of overweight increased from 26.7% in 2003 to 29.4% in 2011; obesity prevalence increased from 12.2% in 2003 to 15.1% in 2011, and T2DM prevalence was reported as 11.6% in 2006 and 15.2% in 2011. Distal determinants of increased risk of overweight, obesity, and T2DM were as follows: female, Malay/Indian ethnicity, and low educational level. The limited number of studies on proximal determinants of these noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) indicated that an unhealthy diet was associated with increased risk, whereas smoking was associated with decreased risk. However, more studies on the proximal determinants of overweight, obesity, and T2DM within the Malaysian context are needed. Overall, our findings provide insights for designing both future investigative studies and strategies to control and prevent these NCDs in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shane A. Norris
- MRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Regien Biesma
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds lowers postprandial blood glucose in overweight and obese individuals. J Nutr Metab 2014; 2014:964873. [PMID: 25276421 PMCID: PMC4167814 DOI: 10.1155/2014/964873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effects of fenugreek on postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) and satiety among overweight and obese individuals. Fourteen subjects were studied in the morning after overnight fasts on four separate occasions. Glycaemic responses elicited by 50 g carbohydrate portions of white bread and jam with or without 5.5 g of fenugreek and fried rice with or without 5.5 g fenugreek were determined over 2 h. The primary endpoint was the incremental area under the plasma glucose response curve (IAUC). Adding fenugreek to both foods significantly reduced the IAUC compared to the food alone: white bread and jam, 180 ± 22 versus 271 ± 23 mmol × min/L (P = 0.001); fried rice, 176 ± 20 versus 249 ± 25 mmol × min/L (P = 0.001). Fenugreek also significantly reduced the area under the satiety curve for white bread with jam (134 ± 27 versus 232 ± 33 mm × hr, P = 0.01) and fried rice (280 ± 37 versus 379 ± 36 mm × hr, P = 0.01). It is concluded that fenugreek significantly decreased the PPG response and increased satiety among overweight and obese individuals.
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Chew WF, Masyita M, Leong PP, Boo NY, Zin T, Choo KB, Yap SF. Prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors among Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village. Singapore Med J 2014; 55:84-91. [PMID: 24570317 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2014020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor associated with most chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity, and its associated risk factors, among apparently healthy Chinese adults in a Malaysian suburban village. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted among the Chinese residents in Seri Kembangan New Village, Klang Valley, Selangor, Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used for the selection of participants. Body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting venous plasma was drawn for the measurement of fasting glucose level and lipid profile. Data on sociodemographic factors, dietary habits, physical activity, perceived stress level and sleep duration were collected using interviewer-administered, pretested and validated questionnaires. RESULTS Among the 258 Chinese residents (mean age 41.4 ± 10.0 years) recruited, the prevalence of obesity was 40%. The obese participants had significantly higher mean blood pressure, and triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels than the non-obese participants (p < 0.05). The obese participants also had a significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level than the non-obese participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking soy milk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.447; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.253-0.787; p < 0.05) and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables (adjusted OR 0.440; 95% CI 0.215-0.900; p < 0.05) were associated with a reduced risk of obesity. The risk of obesity was higher in younger participants (adjusted OR 2.714; 95% CI 1.225-6.011; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity was high among the apparently healthy suburban Chinese. Our findings suggest that soy milk consumption and the perception that a balanced diet consists mainly of vegetables are associated with a lower risk of developing obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Fong Chew
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Lot PT 21144, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Goh LY, Goh KL. Obesity: an epidemiological perspective from Asia and its relationship to gastrointestinal and liver cancers. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28 Suppl 4:54-8. [PMID: 24251705 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is major health problem in the Asia-Pacific region. The proportion of people who are overweight and obese in the region has increased dramatically and is closely linked to the increasing affluence in the region. While the body mass index has been used as a yardstick in many published studies, it has been noted that Asian patients have a greater percentage body fat for a given body mass index and especially abdominal or visceral obesity. The association of obesity and cancers is intriguing and worrisome at the same time, as obesity is rising exponentially throughout the world especially in the Asia-Pacific region. Evidence of its association with gastrointestinal cancers is well documented and is reported with cardioesophageal, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and gallbladder cancers. The strength of association varies between individual cancers but is of particular concern with colorectal cancer, which is perhaps the fastest emerging cancer in this region. Biological mechanisms for obesity-related carcinogenesis have been described, which includes insulin resistance and secretion of adipokines and chronic inflammation. A "dose-response" relationship between severity of excess body weight and risks of cancer has been reported. However, there is a paucity of data looking at a decrease in incidence of these cancers with a decrease in body weight with treatment, for example, bariatric surgery. Such studies will be difficult to perform and which would require a long period of longitudinal follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Goh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
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Teng NIMF, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Manaf ZA, Johari MH, Ngah WZW. Improvement of metabolic parameters in healthy older adult men following a fasting calorie restriction intervention. Aging Male 2013; 16:177-83. [PMID: 24044618 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2013.832191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calorie restriction and intermittent fasting are two dietary interventions that can improve aging. Religious fasting also suggested having similar benefit; however, such studies are still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of fasting calorie restriction (FCR) on metabolic parameters and DNA damage among healthy older adult men. METHODS A randomized controlled study was done on men, aged 50-70 years in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Subjects were divided into two groups; FCR (reduction of 300-500 kcal/d combined with 2 days/week of Muslim Sunnah Fasting) and control. Assessment was ascertained at three time point; baseline, weeks 6 and 12. Blood samples were analyzed for lipid profile, DNA damage and malondialdehyde (MDA). RESULTS The FCR group reduced their energy intake for approximately 18% upon completion of the study. A significant interaction effect was found in body weight, body mass index, fat percentage, fat mass, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.05). A significant improvement (p < 0.001) in total DNA rejoining cells and MDA (p < 0.05) was also observed in the FCR group. CONCLUSION FCR improved metabolic parameters and DNA damage in healthy older adult men. Therefore, there is a need to further examine the mechanism of FCR.
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Davey TM, Allotey P, Reidpath DD. Is obesity an ineluctable consequence of development? A case study of Malaysia. Public Health 2013; 127:1057-62. [PMID: 24268545 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective population-level solutions to the obesity pandemic have proved elusive. In low- and middle-income countries the problem may be further challenged by the perceived internal tension between economic development and sustainable solutions which create the optimal conditions for human health and well-being. This paper discusses some of the ecological obstacles to addressing the growing problem of obesity in 'aspiring' economies, using Malaysia as a case study. The authors conclude that current measures to stimulate economic growth in Malaysia may actually be exacerbating the problem of obesity in that country. Public health solutions which address the wider context in which obesity exists are needed to change the course of this burgeoning problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Davey
- Global Public Health and South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia.
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Sreeramareddy CT, Chew WF, Poulsaeman V, Boo NY, Choo KB, Yap SF. Blood pressure and its associated factors among primary school children in suburban Selangor, Malaysia: A cross-sectional survey. J Family Community Med 2013; 20:90-7. [PMID: 23983560 PMCID: PMC3748653 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship of blood pressure (BP) with adiposity indicators, dietary habits, physical activity, and sleep in school children in Malaysia. We aimed to study about the distribution of BP and its associated factors in primary school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey was carried out on a random sample of 335 children in five primary schools. BP was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Anthropometry was done by standard methods. Demographic information, dietary habits, physical activity, and duration of sleep were collected by interviews. World Health Organization classification based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cut-offs were used to define overweight/obesity. Elevated BP was defined according to US reference standards. RESULTS A total 335 children (144 boys and 191 girls) were examined. Their mean age was 9.18 years (standard deviation [SD] = 0.28). Overall mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 99.32 mmHg (SD = 10.79) and 67.11 mmHg (SD = 10.76), respectively. Mean BMI and WC were 16.39 (SD = 3.58) and 57.77 cm (SD = 8.98), respectively. The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 12.23% (95% confidence intervals [CIs] 8.73, 15.75) and hypertension was 13.4% (95% CIs 9.78, 17.09). Mean SBP and DBP was higher among overweight and obese children than normal children. By multivariate linear regression analyses, BMI (β = 0.250, P = 0.049) and WC (β = 0.308, P = 0.015) were positively associated with SBP; age (β = 0.111, P = 0.017), BMI (β = 0.320, P = 0.012) were positively associated with DBP but total (weekly) hours of sleep (β = -0.095, P = 0.037) was negatively associated with DBP. CONCLUSION BP was associated with BMI and WC. Health promotion activities should be initiated in primary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
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Laillou A, Panagides D, Garrett GS, Moench-Pfanner R. Vitamin A—Fortified Vegetable Oil Exported from Malaysia and Indonesia Can Significantly Contribute to Vitamin A Intake Worldwide. Food Nutr Bull 2013; 34:S72-80. [DOI: 10.1177/15648265130342s109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 190 million preschool-aged children and 19.1 million pregnant women. Fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A is an effective, low-cost technology to improve vitamin A intake. Objective To examine the potential contribution of fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A in Indonesia and Malaysia to increasing vitamin A consumption in these two countries and in countries to which oil is exported . Methods Detailed interviews were administered and a desk review was conducted. We also estimated potential vitamin A intakes from fortified vegetable oil. Results Malaysia and Indonesia are two of the largest producers and exporters of vegetable oil. Fortification of vegetable oil in both countries has the potential to be used as a tool for control of vitamin A deficiency. Both countries have the capacity to export fortified vegetable oil. Vegetable oil fortified at a level of 45 IU/g could provide 18.8% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for an Ethiopian woman, 30.9% and 46.9% of the EAR for a Bangladeshi child and woman, respectively, and 17.5% of the EAR for a Cambodian woman. Although concerns about obesity are valid, fortification of existing vegetable oil supplies does not promote overconsumption of oil but rather promotes consumption of vegetable oil of higher nutrient quality. Conclusions Fortifying vegetable oil on a large scale in Malaysia and Indonesia can reach millions of people globally, including children less than 5 years old. The levels of fortification used are far from reaching the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Vegetable oil fortification has the potential to become a global public health intervention strategy.
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Asha'ari ZA, Hasmoni MH, Ab Rahman J, Yusof RA, Ahmad RARL. The association between sleep apnea and young adults with hypertension. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:2337-42. [PMID: 22753136 DOI: 10.1002/lary.23379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To study the association between sleep apnea and hypertension in a younger age group than previously studied, adding upper airway sizes at endoscopy as important compounding variables not often included in the past. STUDY DESIGN Case control. METHODS We analyzed data on sleep-disordered breathing (based on polysomnography tests), body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, upper airway endoscopy sizes, and habitus and health history in 120 hypertensive and 120 nonhypertensive participants in a clinic-based setting. Independent t test, χ(2) , multivariate analysis, and binary logistic regression models were used for case-control comparison. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 27 years; 67.5% were male. The incidence and severity of sleep apnea were significantly higher in the hypertensive than the control subjects. Persons with hypertension had an OR of 2.7 times of having comorbid sleep apnea than patients without hypertension (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-6.1). Persons with sleep apnea (AHI [apnea-hypopnea index] ≥ 5) had an OR of 2.76 (95% CI 1.57-4.86), and persons with severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 30) had an OR 7.94 (95% CI 4.21-15.33) for having hypertension than did persons without sleep apnea. Although adjustments for the compounding factors, particularly BMI, decreased the OR to a large degree, subjects with severe sleep apnea were still 72% more likely to have hypertension than subjects without sleep apnea. CONCLUSIONS Sleep apnea is related to hypertension in young adults aged 18 to 40 years. The association was more pronounced with the increasing severity of sleep apnea. Screening for sleep apnea should be considered in young adults with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamzil Amin Asha'ari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beserah Health Polyclinic, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Xi B, Liang Y, He T, Reilly KH, Hu Y, Wang Q, Yan Y, Mi J. Secular trends in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults, 1993-2009. Obes Rev 2012; 13:287-96. [PMID: 22034908 PMCID: PMC3276709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the trends in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-27.49 kg m(-2) ), general obesity (BMI ≥ 27.5 kg m(-2) ) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women) among Chinese adults from 1993 to 2009. Data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted from 1993 to 2009 and included a total of 52,621 Chinese adults. During the period of 1993-2009, mean BMI values increased by 1.6 kg m(-2) among men and 0.8 kg m(-2) among women; mean WC values increased by 7.0 cm among men and 4.7 cm among women. The prevalence of overweight increased from 8.0 to 17.1% among men (P < 0.001) and from 10.7 to 14.4% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of general obesity increased from 2.9 to 11.4% among men (P < 0.001) and from 5.0 to 10.1% among women (P < 0.001); the prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 8.5 to 27.8% among men (P < 0.001) and from 27.8 to 45.9% among women (P < 0.001). Similar significant trends were observed in nearly all age groups and regions for both men and women. The prevalence of overweight, general obesity and abdominal obesity among Chinese adults has increased greatly during the past 17 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Tan AKG, Dunn RA, Yen ST. Ethnic disparities in metabolic syndrome in malaysia: an analysis by risk factors. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2011; 9:441-51. [PMID: 21815810 DOI: 10.1089/met.2011.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates ethnic disparities in metabolic syndrome in Malaysia. METHODS Data were obtained from the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 (2005/2006). Logistic regressions of metabolic syndrome health risks on sociodemographic and health-lifestyle factors were conducted using a multiracial (Malay, Chinese, and Indian and other ethnic groups) sample of 2,366 individuals. RESULTS Among both males and females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome amongst Indians was larger compared to both Malays and Chinese because Indians are more likely to exhibit central obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We also found that Indians tend to engage in less physical activity and consume fewer fruits and vegetables than Malays and Chinese. Although education and family history of chronic disease are associated with metabolic syndrome status, differences in socioeconomic attributes do not explain ethnic disparities in metabolic syndrome incidence. The difference in metabolic syndrome prevalence between Chinese and Malays was not statistically significant. Whereas both groups exhibited similar obesity rates, ethnic Chinese were less likely to suffer from high fasting blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic syndrome disproportionately affects Indians in Malaysia. Additionally, fasting blood glucose rates differ dramatically amongst ethnic groups. Attempts to decrease health disparities among ethnic groups in Malaysia will require greater attention to improving the metabolic health of Malays, especially Indians, by encouraging healthful lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K G Tan
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Penang.
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Rokholm B, Baker JL, Sørensen TIA. The levelling off of the obesity epidemic since the year 1999--a review of evidence and perspectives. Obes Rev 2010; 11:835-46. [PMID: 20973911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2010.00810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate a possible levelling off in the obesity epidemic, by systematically reviewing literature and web-based sources. Eligible studies and data sources were required to have at least two measures of obesity prevalence since 1999. A literature and Internet search resulted in 52 studies from 25 different countries. The findings supported an overall levelling off of the epidemic in children and adolescents from Australia, Europe, Japan and the USA. In adults, stability was found in the USA, while increases were still observed in some European and Asian countries. Some evidence for heterogeneity in the obesity trends across socioeconomic status (SES) groups was found. The levelling off was less evident in the lower-SES groups. No obvious differences between genders were identified. We discussed potential explanations for a levelling off and the utility of investigating obesity trends to identify the driving forces behind the epidemic. It is important to emphasize that the levelling off is not tantamount to calling off the epidemic. Additionally, it is worthwhile to keep in mind that previous stable phases have been followed by further increases in the prevalence of obesity. Therefore, research into the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity should remain a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rokholm
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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