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Reese-Petersen AL, Holm Nielsen S, Bülow Sand JM, Schattenberg JM, Bugianesi E, Karsdal MA. The sclerotic component of metabolic syndrome: Fibroblast activities may be the central common denominator driving organ function loss and death. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2554-2566. [PMID: 38699780 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of more than 50 different diseases and the cause of more than 35% of deaths worldwide, of which liver, kidney, skin, heart and, recently, lungs are receiving the most attention. Tissue changes, resulting in loss of organ function, are both a cause and consequence of disease and outcome. Fibrosis is caused by an excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which over time results in impaired organ function and organ failure, and the pathways leading to increased fibroblast activation are many. This narrative review investigated the common denominator of fibrosis, fibroblasts, and the activation of fibroblasts, in response to excess energy consumption in liver, kidney, heart, skin and lung fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main drivers of organ function loss in lung, liver, skin, heart and kidney disease. Fibroblast activation in response to excess energy consumption results in the overproduction of a range of collagens, of which types I, III and VI seem to be the essential drivers of disease progression. Fibroblast activation may be quantified in serum, enabling profiling and selection of patients. Activation of fibroblasts results in the overproduction of collagens, which deteriorates organ function. Patient profiling of fibroblast activities in serum, quantified as collagen production, may identify an organ death trajectory, better enabling identification of the right treatment for use in different metabolic interventions. As metabolically activated patients have highly elevated risk of kidney, liver and heart failure, it is essential to identify which organ to treat first and monitor organ status to correct treatment regimes. In direct alignment with this, it is essential to identify the right patients with the right organ deterioration trajectory for enrolment in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
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2
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Giammona A, Di Franco S, Lo Dico A, Stassi G. The miRNA Contribution in Adipocyte Maturation. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:35. [PMID: 38921832 PMCID: PMC11206860 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their multipotent ability, are considered one of the best candidates to be used in regenerative medicine. To date, the most used source is represented by the bone marrow, despite the limited number of cells and the painful/invasive procedure for collection. Therefore, the scientific community has investigated many alternative sources for the collection of mesenchymal stem cells, with the adipose tissue representing the best option, given the abundance of mesenchymal stem cells and the easy access. Although adipose mesenchymal stem cells have recently been investigated for their multipotency, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adipogenic potential are still unclear. In this scenario, this communication is aimed at defining the role of miRNAs in adipogenic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via real-time PCR. Even if preliminary, our data show that cell culture conditions affect the expression of specific miRNA involved in the adipogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. The in vitro/in vivo validation of these results could pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in the field of regenerative medicine. In conclusion, our research highlights how specific cell culture conditions can modulate the adipogenic potential of adipose mesenchymal stem cells through the regulation of specific miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giammona
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Meyer L, Ribot M, Yvinec R. A Lifshitz-Slyozov type model for adipocyte size dynamics: limit from Becker-Döring system and numerical simulation. J Math Biol 2024; 88:16. [PMID: 38231273 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Biological data show that the size distribution of adipose cells follows a bimodal distribution. In this work, we introduce a Lifshitz-Slyozov type model, based on a transport partial differential equation, for the dynamics of the size distribution of adipose cells. We prove a new convergence result from the related Becker-Döring model, a system composed of several ordinary differential equations, toward mild solutions of the Lifshitz-Slyozov model using distribution tail techniques. Then, this result allows us to propose a new advective-diffusive model, the second-order diffusive Lifshitz-Slyozov model, which is expected to better fit the experimental data. Numerical simulations of the solutions to the diffusive Lifshitz-Slyozov model are performed using a well-balanced scheme and compared to solutions to the transport model. Those simulations show that both bimodal and unimodal profiles can be reached asymptotically depending on several parameters. We put in evidence that the asymptotic profile for the second-order system does not depend on initial conditions, unlike for the transport Lifshitz-Slyozov model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Meyer
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Magali Ribot
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Romain Yvinec
- Inria, Centre Inria de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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4
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Atorrasagasti C, Onorato AM, Mazzolini G. The role of SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:815-831. [PMID: 36018492 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with pleiotropic functions, which is expressed in adipose, hepatic, muscular, and pancreatic tissue. Particularly, several studies demonstrated that SPARC is an important player in the context of obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease including advanced hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Evidence in murine and human samples indicates that SPARC is involved in adipogenesis, cellular metabolism, extracellular matrix modulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, among others. Furthermore, studies in SPARC knockout mouse model showed that SPARC contributes to adipose tissue formation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and diabetes. Hence, SPARC may represent a novel and interesting target protein for future therapeutic interventions or a biomarker of disease progression. This review summarizes the role of SPARC in the pathophysiology of obesity, and extensively revised SPARC functions in physiological and pathological adipose tissue deposition, muscle metabolism, liver, and diabetes-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Agostina M Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, CONICET- Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500 (B1629AHJ) Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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5
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Ford H, Liu Q, Fu X, Strieder-Barboza C. White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity in the Single-Cell Era: From Mice and Humans to Cattle. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1289. [PMID: 37886999 PMCID: PMC10604679 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a major modulator of metabolic function by regulating energy storage and by acting as an endocrine organ through the secretion of adipokines. With the advantage of next-generation sequencing-based single-cell technologies, adipose tissue has been studied at single-cell resolution, thus providing unbiased insight into its molecular composition. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies in human and mouse models have dissected the transcriptional cellular heterogeneity of subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and intramuscular (IMAT) white adipose tissue depots and revealed unique populations of adipose tissue progenitor cells, mature adipocytes, immune cell, vascular cells, and mesothelial cells that play direct roles on adipose tissue function and the development of metabolic disorders. In livestock species, especially in bovine, significant gaps of knowledge remain in elucidating the roles of adipose tissue cell types and depots on driving the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders and the distinct fat deposition in VAT, SAT, and IMAT in meat animals. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the transcriptional and functional cellular diversity of white adipose tissue revealed by single-cell approaches and highlights the depot-specific function of adipose tissue in different mammalian species, with a particular focus on recent findings and future implications in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Ford
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Q.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (Q.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Clarissa Strieder-Barboza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Davis College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
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6
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Stenberg K, Novotny GW, Lutz TA, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Bjørnvad CR. Obesity-induced changes in gene expression in feline adipose and skeletal muscle tissue. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1262-1278. [PMID: 36591865 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor-confined cats are prone to developing obesity due to a sedentary life and an energy intake exceeding energy requirements. As in humans, feline obesity decreases insulin sensitivity and increases the risk of developing feline diabetes mellitus, but the pathophysiological mechanisms are currently poorly understood. Human obesity-related metabolic alterations seem to relate to changes in the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism, insulin action and inflammation. The objective of the current study was to investigate changes in the expression of genes relating to obesity, glucose metabolism and inflammation in cats with non-experimentally induced obesity. Biopsies from the sartorius muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained from 73 healthy, neutered, indoor-confined domestic shorthaired cats ranging from lean to obese. Quantification of obesity-related gene expression levels relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A negative association between obesity and adiponectin expression was observed in the adipose tissue (mean ± SD; normal weight, 27.30 × 10-3 ± 77.14 × 10-3 ; overweight, 2.89 × 10-3 ± 0.38 × 10-3 and obese, 2.93 × 10-3 ± 4.20 × 10-3 , p < 0.05). In muscle, the expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 was increased in the obese compared to the normal-weight cats, and resistin was increased in the normal-weight compared to the overweight cats. There were no detectable obesity-related changes in the messenger RNA levels of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, a possible obesity-related low-grade inflammation caused by increased expression of key proinflammatory regulators was not observed. This could imply that the development of feline obesity and ensuing insulin resistance may not be based on tissue-derived inflammation, but caused by several determining factors, many of which still need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Stenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Guy W Novotny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Hematology/Pathology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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7
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Souza-Tavares H, Miranda CS, Vasques-Monteiro IML, Sandoval C, Santana-Oliveira DA, Silva-Veiga FM, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Souza-Mello V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as targets to treat metabolic diseases: Focus on the adipose tissue, liver, and pancreas. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4136-4155. [PMID: 37475842 PMCID: PMC10354577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i26.4136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is experiencing reflections of the intersection of two pandemics: Obesity and coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975 worldwide, representing substantial public health costs due to its comorbidities. The adipose tissue is the initial site of obesity impairments. During excessive energy intake, it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy until overt inflammation and insulin resistance turn adipocytes into dysfunctional cells that send lipotoxic signals to other organs. The pancreas is one of the organs most affected by obesity. Once lipotoxicity becomes chronic, there is an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells, a surrogate for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These alterations threaten the survival of the pancreatic islets, which tend to become dysfunctional, reaching exhaustion in the long term. As for the liver, lipotoxicity favors lipogenesis and impairs beta-oxidation, resulting in hepatic steatosis. This silent disease affects around 30% of the worldwide population and can evolve into end-stage liver disease. Although therapy for hepatic steatosis remains to be defined, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation copes with T2DM management. Peroxisome PPARs are transcription factors found at the intersection of several metabolic pathways, leading to insulin resistance relief, improved thermogenesis, and expressive hepatic steatosis mitigation by increasing mitochondrial beta-oxidation. This review aimed to update the potential of PPAR agonists as targets to treat metabolic diseases, focusing on adipose tissue plasticity and hepatic and pancreatic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno 5310431, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Department of Anatomy, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
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8
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Pellegrinelli V, Figueroa-Juárez E, Samuelson I, U-Din M, Rodriguez-Fdez S, Virtue S, Leggat J, Çubuk C, Peirce VJ, Niemi T, Campbell M, Rodriguez-Cuenca S, Blázquez JD, Carobbio S, Virtanen KA, Vidal-Puig A. Defective extracellular matrix remodeling in brown adipose tissue is associated with fibro-inflammation and reduced diet-induced thermogenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112640. [PMID: 37318951 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is reported in white adipose tissue (AT) and obesity-related dysfunctions, but little is known about the importance of ECM remodeling in brown AT (BAT) function. Here, we show that a time course of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding progressively impairs diet-induced thermogenesis concomitantly with the development of fibro-inflammation in BAT. Higher markers of fibro-inflammation are associated with lower cold-induced BAT activity in humans. Similarly, when mice are housed at thermoneutrality, inactivated BAT features fibro-inflammation. We validate the pathophysiological relevance of BAT ECM remodeling in response to temperature challenges and HFD using a model of a primary defect in the collagen turnover mediated by partial ablation of the Pepd prolidase. Pepd-heterozygous mice display exacerbated dysfunction and BAT fibro-inflammation at thermoneutrality and in HFD. Our findings show the relevance of ECM remodeling in BAT activation and provide a mechanism for BAT dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Pellegrinelli
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Figueroa-Juárez
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Fdez
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Virtue
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jennifer Leggat
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Platform of Computational Medicine, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen Del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vivian J Peirce
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarja Niemi
- Department of Plastic and General Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark Campbell
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Sergio Rodriguez-Cuenca
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Joaquin Dopazo Blázquez
- Platform of Computational Medicine, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen Del Rocío, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformatics in RareDiseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 41013 Sevilla, Spain; Computational Systems Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Sevilla 41013, Spain; Functional Genomics Node (INB-ELIXIR-es), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stefania Carobbio
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland; Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, P.R. China; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain; Cambridge Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Londoño-Berrio M, Castro C, Cañas A, Ortiz I, Osorio M. Advances in Tumor Organoids for the Evaluation of Drugs: A Bibliographic Review. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122709. [PMID: 36559203 PMCID: PMC9784359 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor organoids are defined as self-organized three-dimensional assemblies of heterogeneous cell types derived from patient samples that mimic the key histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic characteristics of the original tumor. This technology is proposed as an ideal candidate for the evaluation of possible therapies against cancer, presenting advantages over other models which are currently used. However, there are no reports in the literature that relate the techniques and material development of tumor organoids or that emphasize in the physicochemical and biological properties of materials that intent to biomimicry the tumor extracellular matrix. There is also little information regarding the tools to identify the correspondence of native tumors and tumoral organoids (tumoroids). Moreover, this paper relates the advantages of organoids compared to other models for drug evaluation. A growing interest in tumoral organoids has arisen from 2009 to the present, aimed at standardizing the process of obtaining organoids, which more accurately resemble patient-derived tumor tissue. Likewise, it was found that the characteristics to consider for the development of organoids, and therapeutic responses of them, are cell morphology, physiology, the interaction between cells, the composition of the cellular matrix, and the genetic, phenotypic, and epigenetic characteristics. Currently, organoids have been used for the evaluation of drugs for brain, lung, and colon tumors, among others. In the future, tumor organoids will become closer to being considered a better model for studying cancer in clinical practice, as they can accurately mimic the characteristics of tumors, in turn ensuring that the therapeutic response aligns with the clinical response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Londoño-Berrio
- Systems Biology Research Group, Pontifical Bolivarian University (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana), Carrera 78B No. 72a-109, Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - Cristina Castro
- New Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellin 050031, Colombia
| | - Ana Cañas
- Corporation for Biological Research, Medical, and Experimental Research Group, Carrera 72A # 78b-141, Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Systems Biology Research Group, Pontifical Bolivarian University (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana), Carrera 78B No. 72a-109, Medellin 050034, Colombia
| | - Marlon Osorio
- Systems Biology Research Group, Pontifical Bolivarian University (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana), Carrera 78B No. 72a-109, Medellin 050034, Colombia
- New Materials Research Group, School of Engineering, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Circular 1 No. 70-01, Medellin 050031, Colombia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Obesity-Associated ECM Remodeling in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225684. [PMID: 36428776 PMCID: PMC9688387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, an energy storage and endocrine organ, is emerging as an essential player for ECM remodeling. Fibrosis is one of the hallmarks of obese adipose tissue, featuring excessive ECM deposition and enhanced collagen alignment. A variety of ECM components and ECM-related enzymes are produced by adipocytes and myofibroblasts in obese adipose tissue. Data from lineage-tracing models and a single-cell analysis indicate that adipocytes can transform or de-differentiate into myofibroblast/fibroblast-like cells. This de-differentiation process has been observed under normal tissue development and pathological conditions such as cutaneous fibrosis, wound healing, and cancer development. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that adipocyte de-differentiation and myofibroblasts/fibroblasts play crucial roles in obesity-associated ECM remodeling and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in obesity-related ECM remodeling, the mechanism underlying adipocyte de-differentiation, and the function of obesity-associated ECM remodeling in cancer progression.
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12
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Albrecht FB, Schmidt FF, Volz AC, Kluger PJ. Bioprinting of 3D Adipose Tissue Models Using a GelMA-Bioink with Human Mature Adipocytes or Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100611. [PMID: 36286112 PMCID: PMC9601941 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is related to the development and manifestation of multiple diseases, demonstrating the importance of suitable in vitro models for research purposes. In this study, adipose tissue lobuli were explanted, cultured, and used as an adipose tissue control to evaluate in vitro generated adipose tissue models. During culture, lobule exhibited a stable weight, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycerol release over 15 days. For building up in vitro adipose tissue models, we adapted the biomaterial gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composition and handling to homogeneously mix and bioprint human primary mature adipocytes (MA) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), respectively. Accelerated cooling of the bioink turned out to be essential for the homogeneous distribution of lipid-filled MAs in the hydrogel. Last, we compared manual and bioprinted GelMA hydrogels with MA or ASCs and the explanted lobules to evaluate the impact of the printing process and rate the models concerning the physiological reference. The viability analyses demonstrated no significant difference between the groups due to additive manufacturing. The staining of intracellular lipids and perilipin A suggest that GelMA is well suited for ASCs and MA. Therefore, we successfully constructed physiological in vitro models by bioprinting MA-containing GelMA bioinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska B. Albrecht
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Freia F. Schmidt
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Petra J. Kluger
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7121-271-2061
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Stenberg K, Gensby L, Cremer SE, Nielsen MM, Bjørnvad CR. Analytical performance of a canine ELISA monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 assay for use in cats and evaluation of circulating levels in normal weight and obese cats. Acta Vet Scand 2022; 64:22. [PMID: 36064726 PMCID: PMC9446815 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-022-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human and murine obesity, adipose tissue dwelling macrophages and adipocytes produce monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) leading to systemic low-grade inflammation. The aim of the study was to validate a canine MCP-1 ELISA assay for use in cats and to investigate whether a difference in MCP-1 concentrations could be detected between: a) cats having normal or elevated circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and b) normal weight and obese cats. Serum obtained from 36 client-owned cats of various breed, age and sex with normal (n = 20) to elevated SAA (n = 16) was used for the validation of the canine MCP-1 ELISA assay. As no golden standard exists for measurement of inflammation, circulating MCP-1 concentrations were compared to SAA measurements, as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Analytical precision, dilution recovery and detection limit were calculated. A possible correlation between MCP-1 concentrations and obesity related measures (body fat percentage (BF%), insulin sensitivity and cytokine expression) were investigated in another population of 73 healthy, lean to obese, neutered domestic short-haired cats. RESULTS Intra- (2.7-4.1%) and inter-assay (2.2-3.6%) coefficient of variation and dilution recovery were acceptable, and the detection limit was 27.1 pg/mL. MCP-1 did not correlate with SAA, and there was no difference between the inflammatory (SAA > 20 mg/L) and non-inflammatory group, due to a marked overlap in MCP-1 concentrations. Circulating MCP-1 concentrations were unaffected by BF% (r2 = 2.7 × 10-6, P = 0.21) and other obesity-related markers. CONCLUSIONS The present canine ELISA assay seems to be able to measure circulating feline MCP-1. However, further studies are needed to determine its possible use for detecting inflammation in relation to disease processes or obesity-related low-grade inflammation in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Stenberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Line Gensby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present Address: AniCura Vangede Animal Hospital, Plantevej 2, 2870 Dyssegård, Denmark
| | - Signe Emilie Cremer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present Address: Coloplast, Holtedam 1-3, 3050 Humlebæk, Denmark
| | - Michelle Møller Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Reinhard Bjørnvad
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:106-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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Bi X, Li Y, Dong Z, Zhao J, Wu W, Zou J, Guo L, Lu F, Gao J. Recent Developments in Extracellular Matrix Remodeling for Fat Grafting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:767362. [PMID: 34977018 PMCID: PMC8716396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural and biochemical support for surrounding cells, is vital for adipose tissue regeneration after autologous fat grafting. Rapid and high-quality ECM remodeling can improve the retention rate after fat grafting by promoting neovascularization, regulating stem cells differentiation, and suppressing chronic inflammation. The degradation and deposition of ECM are regulated by various factors, including hypoxia, blood supply, inflammation, and stem cells. By contrast, ECM remodeling alters these regulatory factors, resulting in a dynamic relationship between them. Although researchers have attempted to identify the cellular sources of factors associated with tissue regeneration and regulation of the microenvironment, the factors and mechanisms that affect adipose tissue ECM remodeling remain incompletely understood. This review describes the process of adipose ECM remodeling after grafting and summarizes the factors that affect ECM reconstruction. Also, this review provides an overview of the clinical methods to avoid poor ECM remodeling. These findings may provide new ideas for improving the retention of adipose tissue after fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor Roscovitine prevents diet-induced metabolic disruption in obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20365. [PMID: 34645915 PMCID: PMC8514475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most strategies to treat obesity-related disorders have involved prevention of diet-induced weight gain in lean mice. Treatment of obese individuals will require therapies that reverse the detrimental effects of excess body weight. Cyclin-dependent kinases have been shown to contribute to obesity and its adverse complications. Here, we show that roscovitine; a an orally available cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor; given to male mice during the last six weeks of a 19-week high fat diet, reduced weight gain and prevented accompanying insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, visceral adipose tissue (eWAT) inflammation/fibrosis as well as restored insulin secretion and enhanced whole body energy expenditure. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics analysis of eWAT demonstrated that roscovitine suppressed expression of peptides and phosphopeptides linked to inflammation and extracellular matrix proteins. It also identified 17 putative protein kinases perturbed by roscovitine, including CMGC kinases, AGC kinases and CAMK kinases. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that lipid metabolism, TCA cycle, fatty acid beta oxidation and creatine biosynthesis are enriched following roscovitine treatment. For brown adipose tissue (BAT), analysis of upstream kinases controlling the phosphoproteome revealed two major kinase groups, AGC and CMGC kinases. Among the top enriched pathways were insulin signaling, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, thyroid hormone signaling, thermogenesis and cAMP-PKG signaling. We conclude that roscovitine is effective at preventing prolonged diet-induced metabolic disruption and restoring mitochondrial activity in BAT and eWAT.
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Lasbleiz A, Gaborit B, Soghomonian A, Bartoli A, Ancel P, Jacquier A, Dutour A. COVID-19 and Obesity: Role of Ectopic Visceral and Epicardial Adipose Tissues in Myocardial Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:726967. [PMID: 34484128 PMCID: PMC8415546 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.726967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, the WHO declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a global pandemic. Obesity was soon identified as a risk factor for poor prognosis, with an increased risk of intensive care admissions and mechanical ventilation, but also of adverse cardiovascular events. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue, chronic low-grade inflammation, and immune dysregulation with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, to implement appropriate therapeutic strategies, exact mechanisms must be clarified. The role of white visceral adipose tissue, increased in individuals with obesity, seems important, as a viral reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. After infection of host cells, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines creates a setting conducive to the "cytokine storm" and macrophage activation syndrome associated with progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. In obesity, systemic viral spread, entry, and prolonged viral shedding in already inflamed adipose tissue may spur immune responses and subsequent amplification of a cytokine cascade, causing worse outcomes. More precisely, visceral adipose tissue, more than subcutaneous fat, could predict intensive care admission; and lower density of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could be associated with worse outcome. EAT, an ectopic adipose tissue that surrounds the myocardium, could fuel COVID-19-induced cardiac injury and myocarditis, and extensive pneumopathy, by strong expression of inflammatory mediators that could diffuse paracrinally through the vascular wall. The purpose of this review is to ascertain what mechanisms may be involved in unfavorable prognosis among COVID-19 patients with obesity, especially cardiovascular events, emphasizing the harmful role of excess ectopic adipose tissue, particularly EAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Lasbleiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Astrid Soghomonian
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Axel Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hôpital Universitaire Timone APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hôpital Universitaire Timone APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, APHM, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
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Gómez de Segura I, Ahechu P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Unamuno X, Mentxaka A, Baixauli J, Valentí V, Moncada R, Silva C, Frühbeck G, Catalán V. Decreased Levels of Microfibril-Associated Glycoprotein (MAGP)-1 in Patients with Colon Cancer and Obesity Are Associated with Changes in Extracellular Matrix Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168485. [PMID: 34445187 PMCID: PMC8395192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The protein microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP)-1 constitutes a crucial extracellular matrix protein. We aimed to determine its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remodelling during obesity-associated colon cancer (CC). METHODS Samples obtained from 79 subjects (29 normoponderal (NP) (17 with CC) and 50 patients with obesity (OB) (19 with CC)) were used in the study. Circulating concentrations of MAGP-1 and its gene expression levels (MFAP2) in VAT were analysed. The impact of inflammation-related factors and adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) on MFAP2 mRNA levels in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells were further analysed. The effects of MAGP-1 in the expression of genes involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and tumorigenesis in HT-29 cells was also explored. RESULTS Obesity (p < 0.01) and CC (p < 0.001) significantly decreased MFAP2 gene expression levels in VAT whereas an opposite trend in TGFB1 mRNA levels was observed. Increased mRNA levels of MFAP2 after the stimulation of HT-29 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p < 0.01) and interleukin (IL)-4 (p < 0.01) together with a downregulation (p < 0.05) after hypoxia mimicked by CoCl2 treatment was observed. MAGP-1 treatment significantly enhanced the mRNA levels of the ECM-remodelling genes collagen type 6 α3 chain (COL6A3) (p < 0.05), decorin (DCN) (p < 0.01), osteopontin (SPP1) (p < 0.05) and TGFB1 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, MAGP-1 significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the gene expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX2/PTGS2), a key gene controlling cell proliferation, growth and adhesion in CC. Interestingly, a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the mRNA levels of MFAP2 in HT-29 cells preincubated with ACM from volunteers with obesity compared with control media was observed. Conclusion: The decreased levels of MAGP-1 in patients with obesity and CC together with its capacity to modulate key genes involved in ECM remodelling and tumorigenesis suggest MAGP-1 as a link between AT excess and obesity-associated CC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranzu Gómez de Segura
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
| | - Patricia Ahechu
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (J.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (J.B.); (V.V.)
| | - Víctor Valentí
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (P.A.); (J.B.); (V.V.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-9-4825-5400 (ext. 4484) (G.F.); +34-9-4825-5400 (ext. 5133) (V.C.)
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (I.G.d.S.); (J.G.-A.); (A.R.); (B.R.); (S.B.); (X.U.); (A.M.)
- CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (R.M.); (C.S.)
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-9-4825-5400 (ext. 4484) (G.F.); +34-9-4825-5400 (ext. 5133) (V.C.)
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Williams L, Layton T, Yang N, Feldmann M, Nanchahal J. Collagen VI as a driver and disease biomarker in human fibrosis. FEBS J 2021; 289:3603-3629. [PMID: 34109754 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis of visceral organs such as the lungs, heart, kidneys and liver remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is also associated with many other disorders, including cancer and metabolic disease. In this review, we focus upon the microfibrillar collagen VI, which is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of most tissues. However, expression is elevated in numerous fibrotic conditions, such as idiopathic pulmonary disease (IPF), and chronic liver and kidney diseases. Collagen VI is composed of three subunits α1, α2 and α3, which can be replaced with alternate chains of α4, α5 or α6. The C-terminal globular domain (C5) of collagen VI α3 can be proteolytically cleaved to form a biologically active fragment termed endotrophin, which has been shown to actively drive fibrosis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Tissue biopsies have long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis and monitoring of progression of fibrotic disease. The identification of neoantigens from enzymatically processed collagen chains have revolutionised the biomarker field, allowing rapid diagnosis and evaluation of prognosis of numerous fibrotic conditions, as well as providing valuable clinical trial endpoint determinants. Collagen VI chain fragments such as endotrophin (PRO-C6), C6M and C6Mα3 are emerging as important biomarkers for fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Layton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Nan Yang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jagdeep Nanchahal
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, UK
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Liu F, He J, Liu B, Zhang P, Wang H, Sun X, Chu X, Guan W, Feng W, Bi Y, Zhu D. Association of Omental Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Fibrosis with Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:976-984. [PMID: 33943025 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Morphological alterations including adipocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis deposition are important surrogate markers of visceral adipose tissue function, but the relationships between these morphological changes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired insulin sensitivity are poorly defined. METHODS Omental adipose tissue was obtained from 66 individuals with obesity but without T2DM (OB group), 93 individuals with both obesity and T2DM (T2DM group), and 15 individuals with normal BMI and normal glucose tolerance (NGT group). Adipocyte diameter and volume were measured through pathological section analysis. Pericellular and perilobular fibrosis was determined through picrosirius red staining and immunochemistry, while fibrosis-related genes were tested through gene expression and hydroxyproline content. RESULTS Compared with the NGT and OB groups, individuals from the T2DM group displayed increased adipocyte diameter and volume levels. Increased adipocyte size (diameter and volume) was positively associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity (using the Matsuda whole-body insulin sensitivity index assessment of insulin sensitivity) and β-cell function (disposition index 30 and disposition index 120). The fibrosis levels of the OB group were the highest out of the three groups, whereas the fibrosis levels of T2DM individuals were lower than the OB group but higher than the NGT group. Although fibrosis was negatively correlated with T2DM, fibrosis deposition was not remarkably associated with impaired systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Compared with fibrosis deposition, adipocyte hypertrophy is more closely associated with T2DM and impaired systemic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pathology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jielei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boxun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengzi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xitai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehui Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of General Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Simultaneous Use of ROCK Inhibitors and EP2 Agonists Induces Unexpected Effects on Adipogenesis and the Physical Properties of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094648. [PMID: 33925005 PMCID: PMC8125646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the additive effects of an EP2 agonist, omidenepag (OMD) or butaprost (Buta) on the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, ripasudil (Rip) on adipose tissue, two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed by lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis-related genes, extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules including collagen (Col) -1, -4 and -6, and fibronectin (Fn), and the sizes and physical properties of 3D organoids, as measured by a micro-squeezer. The results indicate that adipogenesis induced (1) an enlargement of the 3D organoids; (2) a substantial enhancement in lipid staining as well as the expression of the Pparγ, Ap2 and Leptin genes; (3) a significant softening of the 3D organoids, the effects of which were all enhanced by Rip except for Pparγ expression; and (4) a significant downregulation in Col1 and Fn, and a significant upregulation in Col4, Col6, the effects of which were unchanged by Rip. When adding the EP2 agonist to Rip, (1) the sizes of the 3D organoids were reduced substantially; (2) lipid staining was increased (OMD), or decreased (Buta); (3) the stiffness of the 3D organoids was substantially increased in Buta; (4-1) the expression of Pparγ was suppressed (2D, OMD) or increased (2D, Buta), and the expressions of Ap2 were downregulated (2D, 3D) and Leptin was increased (2D) or decreased (3D), (4-2) all the expressions of four ECM molecules were upregulated in 2D (2D), and in 3D, the expression of Col1, Col4 was upregulated. The collective findings reported herein indicate that the addition of an EP2 agonist, OMD or Buta significantly but differently modulate the Rip-induced effects on adipogenesis and the physical properties of 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells.
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ROCK inhibitors enhance the production of large lipid-enriched 3D organoids of 3T3-L1 cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5479. [PMID: 33750898 PMCID: PMC7943807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the recent discovery of prostaglandin-associated peri-orbitopathy, a great deal of interest has developed concerning the side effects of anti-glaucoma medications toward periocular fatty tissue, especially their adipogenesis. Two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of the 3T3-L1 cells were employed to elucidate the effects of the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase inhibitor (ROCK-i) the anti-glaucoma drug, Ripasudil, and other ROCK-i, such as Y27632 on adipogenesis. Ultrastructure by electron microscopy and physical stiffness measurements by a micro-squeezer demonstrated the 3D organoids had essentially matured during the 7-day culture. The effects of ROCK-i on 3D organoid sizes, lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis related genes, Pparγ, Cebpa and Leptin, and extracellular matrix (ECM) including collagen (COL) 1, 4 and 6, and fibronectin, and physical stiffness were then conducted. Upon adipogenesis, the sizes, lipid staining and mRNA expressions of adipogenesis related genes, Col 4 and Col 6 were dramatically increased, and were further enhanced by ROCK-i. Micro-squeezer analysis demonstrated that adipogenesis resulted in a marked less stiffed 3D organoid and this was further enhanced by ROCK-i. Our present study indicates that ROCK-i significantly enhanced the production of large lipid-enriched 3T3-L1 3D organoids.
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jiang X, Lai XR, Lu JQ, Tang LZ, Zhang JR, Liu HW. Decellularized adipose tissue: A key factor in promoting fat regeneration by recruiting and inducing mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 541:63-69. [PMID: 33477034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) has attracted much attention due to its wide range of sources and adipose regeneration capacity. However, the lipogenic efficiency of DAT is still controversial due to its unclear mechanism. To this point, it is crucial to clarify the mechanism of DAT in promoting adipose regeneration Objective: This study aims to explore the mechanism of DAT promoting adipose regeneration and survival mechanism of DAT transplantation in vivo. METHODS DAT preparation by repeated freeze-thaw, enzymatic digestion, and isopropanol degreasing. Histology, DAPI, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the efficacy and reproducibility of these approaches. BM-MSCs, ADSCs and UCMSCs were cocultured with DAT for 14 days and then stained with oil red O. Adipogenic genes of three MSCs were detected by RT-PCR. DAT and adipose tissue were transplanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice to observe medium and long-term morphological changes, vascularization, and lipid-forming efficiency. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic to analyze the adipogenic protein contents of DAT and adipose tissue. RESULTS The DAT without any cellular components but with an abundance of collagen; neither DNA nor lipids were detected. Seeding experiments with MSCs indicated that the DAT provided an inductive microenvironment for adipogenesis, supporting the expression of the master regulators PPARγ. Within four months after transplantation, HE morphology of DAT was identical to adipose cells. Immunofluorescence markers CD31 and perilipin were increased in DAT, while the retention rate gradually decreased over time, eventually accounting for 33.7% of the original volume. MS-based proteomic analyses identified 1013 types of proteins in adipose tissue and 29 proteins in the DAT. Analyses of GO and KEGG databases suggested that DAT contained a variety of proteins involved in fat metabolism. CONCLUSIONS DAT can interact with different types of MSCs and ultimately achieve adipose regeneration. The presence of multiple adipogenic proteins in DAT make it play a vital role in adipose regeneration. DAT is expected to be an ideal bio-derived scaffold for adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
| | - Xin-Rui Lai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
| | - Jin-Qiang Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
| | - Ling-Zhi Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
| | - Jin-Rong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510630, PR China.
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Adipose Tissue and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Does Sex Matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249403. [PMID: 33333918 PMCID: PMC7765367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic-related diseases, among which diabetes, are prominent public health challenges of the 21st century. It is now well acknowledged that pollutants are a part of the equation, especially endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that interfere with the hormonal aspect. The aim of the review is to focus on adipose tissue, a central regulator of energy balance and metabolic homeostasis, and to highlight the significant differences in the endocrine and metabolic aspects of adipose tissue between males and females which likely underlie the differences of the response to exposure to EDCs between the sexes. Moreover, the study also presents an overview of several mechanisms of action by which pollutants could cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Indeed, a better understanding of the mechanism by which environmental chemicals target adipose tissue and cause metabolic disturbances, and how these mechanisms interact and sex specificities are essential for developing mitigating and sex-specific strategies against metabolic diseases of chemical origin. In particular, considering that a scenario without pollutant exposure is not a realistic option in our current societies, attenuating the deleterious effects of exposure to pollutants by acting on the gut-adipose tissue axis may constitute a new direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAé U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, F-69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; ; Tel.: +33-(0)-426235919; Fax: +33-(0)-426235916
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Hopital Lyon-Sud, Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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27
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Gu M, Wei Y, Zhang D, Liu Y. iTRAQ based proteomic profile analysis for goat Longissimus thoracis under repeated freeze-thaw treatments. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Kapoor ND, Twining PK, Groot OQ, Pielkenrood BJ, Bongers MER, Newman ET, Verlaan JJ, Schwab JH. Adipose tissue density on CT as a prognostic factor in patients with cancer: a systematic review. Acta Oncol 2020; 59:1488-1495. [PMID: 32730106 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2020.1800087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predicting oncologic outcomes is essential for optimizing the treatment for patients with cancer. This review examines the feasibility of using Computed Tomography (CT) images of fat density as a prognostic factor in patients with cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane up to March 2020. All studies that mentioned using subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT, respectively) CT characteristics as a prognostic factor for patients with cancer were included. The primary endpoints were any disease-related outcomes in patients with cancer. RESULTS After screening 1043 studies, ten studies reporting a total of 23 - ten for SAT and thirteen for VAT - comparisons on survival, tumor recurrence and postsurgical infection were included. All ten studies included different types of malignancy: six localized, two metastatic disease, and two both. Five different anatomic landmarks were used to uniformly measure fat density on CT: lumbar (L)4 (n = 4), L3 (n = 2), L4-L5 intervertebral space (n = 2), L5-S1 intervertebral space (n = 1), and the abdomen (n = 1). Overall, six of ten SAT comparisons (60%) and six of thirteen VAT comparisons (46%) reported a significant (p < .05) association of increased SAT or VAT density with an adverse outcome. All remaining nonsignificant comparisons, except one, deviated in the same direction of being predictive for adverse outcomes but failed to reach significance. The median hazard ratio (HR) for the nine SAT and thirteen VAT associations where HRs were given were 1.45 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.97) and 1.90 (95% CI 1.12-2.74), respectively. The binomial sign test and Fisher's method both reported a significant association between both SAT and VAT and adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION This review may support the feasibility of using SAT or VAT on CT as a prognostic tool for patients with cancer in predicting adverse outcomes such as survival and tumor recurrence. Future research should standardize radiologic protocol in prospective homogeneous series of patients on each cancer diagnosis group in order to establish accurate parameters to help physicians use CT scan defined characteristics in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Kapoor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P. K. Twining
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - O. Q. Groot
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B. J. Pielkenrood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. R. Bongers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. T. Newman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. J. Verlaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital – Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Doshida Y, Sano H, Iwabuchi S, Aigaki T, Yoshida M, Hashimoto S, Ishigami A. Age-associated changes in the transcriptomes of non-cultured adipose-derived stem cells from young and old mice assessed via single-cell transcriptome analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242171. [PMID: 33237970 PMCID: PMC7688117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exhibit self-renewal and pluripotency. The differentiation potency of ASCs has been reported to deteriorate with aging; however, relevant studies used ASCs that were isolated and subcultured several times. It is still unclear whether subcultured ASCs accurately reflect the in vivo state. To address this question, we used freshly isolated stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and performed comprehensive single-cell transcriptome analysis. In this study, we identified three cell populations as putative ASC candidates in SVFs and three novel ASC-related genes: Adamts7, Snai2, and Tgfbr1, that are reported to be negative regulators of cell differentiation. Moreover, we identified age-associated high gene expression levels of Adamts7, Egfr, and Igfbp4 in the earliest differentiation stage of ASCs. These results suggest that aging may make it impossible to maintain the stringency of the regulation of the expression of some genes related to ASC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Doshida
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Sano
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Science and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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White Adipose Tissue as a Site for Islet Transplantation. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation is recognized as a useful cellular replacement therapy for severe diabetes, surgeons face difficulties in islet engraftment. The transplant site is a pivotal factor that influences the engraftment. Although the liver is the current representative site for clinical islet transplantation, it is not the best site because of limitations in immunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. White adipose tissue, including omentum, is recognized as a useful candidate site for islet transplantation. Its effectiveness has been evaluated in not only various basic and translational studies using small and large animals but also in some recent clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the characteristics and usefulness of white adipose tissue as a transplant site for islets.
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31
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White Adipose Tissue as a Site for Islet Transplantation. TRANSPLANTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/transplantology1020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation is recognized as a useful cellular replacement therapy for severe diabetes, surgeons face difficulties in islet engraftment. The transplant site is a pivotal factor that influences the engraftment. Although the liver is the current representative site for clinical islet transplantation, it is not the best site because of limitations in immunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. White adipose tissue, including omentum, is recognized as a useful candidate site for islet transplantation. Its effectiveness has been evaluated in not only various basic and translational studies using small and large animals but also in some recent clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to shed light on the characteristics and usefulness of white adipose tissue as a transplant site for islets.
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DeBari MK, Abbott RD. Adipose Tissue Fibrosis: Mechanisms, Models, and Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176030. [PMID: 32825788 PMCID: PMC7503256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in adipocyte volume and tissue mass due to obesity can result in inflammation, further dysregulation in adipose tissue function, and eventually adipose tissue fibrosis. Like other fibrotic diseases, adipose tissue fibrosis is the accumulation and increased production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Adipose tissue fibrosis has been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity, poor bariatric surgery outcomes, and difficulty in weight loss. With the rising rates of obesity, it is important to create accurate models for adipose tissue fibrosis to gain mechanistic insights and develop targeted treatments. This article discusses recent research in modeling adipose tissue fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro (2D and 3D) methods with considerations for biomaterial selections. Additionally, this article outlines the importance of adipose tissue in treating other fibrotic diseases and methods used to detect and characterize adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
This review addresses the interplay between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. It is proposed that obesity, generally defined by an excess of body fat causing prejudice to health, can no longer be evaluated solely by the body mass index (expressed in kg/m2) because it represents a heterogeneous entity. For instance, several cardiometabolic imaging studies have shown that some individuals who have a normal weight or who are overweight are at high risk if they have an excess of visceral adipose tissue-a condition often accompanied by accumulation of fat in normally lean tissues (ectopic fat deposition in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, etc). On the other hand, individuals who are overweight or obese can nevertheless be at much lower risk than expected when faced with excess energy intake if they have the ability to expand their subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, particularly in the gluteal-femoral area. Hence, excessive amounts of visceral adipose tissue and of ectopic fat largely define the cardiovascular disease risk of overweight and moderate obesity. There is also a rapidly expanding subgroup of patients characterized by a high accumulation of body fat (severe obesity). Severe obesity is characterized by specific additional cardiovascular health issues that should receive attention. Because of the difficulties of normalizing body fat content in patients with severe obesity, more aggressive treatments have been studied in this subgroup of individuals such as obesity surgery, also referred to as metabolic surgery. On the basis of the above, we propose that we should refer to obesities rather than obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Piché
- From the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (M.-E.P., A.T., J.-P.D.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (M.-E.P.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- From the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (M.-E.P., A.T., J.-P.D.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,School of Nutrition (A.T.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- From the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval (M.-E.P., A.T., J.-P.D.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Vitam - Centre de recherche en santé durable, CIUSSS - Capitale-Nationale (J.-P.D.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine (J.-P.D.), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Ida Y, Hikage F, Itoh K, Ida H, Ohguro H. Prostaglandin F2α agonist-induced suppression of 3T3-L1 cell adipogenesis affects spatial formation of extra-cellular matrix. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7958. [PMID: 32409724 PMCID: PMC7224398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish a deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) model that can be induced by prostaglandin (PG) analogues, a three-dimension (3D) tissue culture was employed. Upon adipogenesis of the 3T3-L1 organoid, the effects of either Bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), or PGF2α were examined. During the adipogenesis, organoid size, lipid staining by BODIPY and expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by immunocytochemistry and/or quantitative PCR were employed. The size of the organoid increased remarkably during the adipogenesis, while such increases were significantly inhibited by the presence of PGF2α or BIM-A. BODIPY positive lipid-laden cells significantly increased during the adipogenesis, while in contrast they were greatly suppressed by the presence of PGF2α. Characteristic and spatial changes in ECM expressions observed upon adipogenesis were greatly modified by the presence of PGs. Our present study using a 3D tissue culture may be a suitable strategy toward understanding disease etiology of DUES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kaku Itoh
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Hoefner C, Muhr C, Horder H, Wiesner M, Wittmann K, Lukaszyk D, Radeloff K, Winnefeld M, Becker M, Blunk T, Bauer-Kreisel P. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids Possess High Adipogenic Capacity and Acquire an Adipose Tissue-like Extracellular Matrix Pattern. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:915-926. [PMID: 32070231 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) represent a commonly used cell source for adipose tissue engineering. In this context, ASCs have routinely been cultured in conventional 2D culture and applied as single cell suspension for seeding onto scaffold materials or direct injection. However, this approach is associated with the loss of their intrinsic 3D microenvironment and leads to impaired regenerative capacity of the cells. Thus, the application of ASCs as self-assembled 3D spheroids with cells residing in their own matrix is an attractive alternative. However, characterization of the structural features and differentiation capacity of the spheroids is necessary to effectively apply them as building blocks in adipose tissue engineering. In this study, we focus on extracellular matrix (ECM) development in ASC spheroids, as well as adipogenic differentiation in comparison to conventional 2D culture using different induction protocols. Reproducible assembly of ASCs into spheroids was achieved within 24 h using the liquid overlay technique. Undifferentiated spheroids displayed a stromal ECM pattern, with fibronectin, collagen V, and VI as the main components. In the course of adipogenesis, a dynamic shift in the ECM composition toward an adipogenic phenotype was observed, associated with enhanced expression of laminin, collagen I, IV, V, and VI, similar to native fat. Furthermore, adipogenic differentiation was enhanced in spheroids as compared with 2D cultured cells, with the spheroids needing a distinctly shorter adipogenic stimulus to sustain adipogenesis, which was demonstrated based on analysis of triglyceride content and adipogenic marker gene expression. In summary, culturing ASCs as spheroids can enhance their adipogenic capacity and generate adipose-like microtissues, which may be a promising cell delivery strategy for adipose tissue engineering approaches. Impact statement Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) as a widely used cell source for adipose tissue engineering have been shown to be limited in their regenerative capacity when applied as single cells. As an alternative approach, the delivery as spheroids, consisting of cells in a 3D context, may be favorable. However, insights into extracellular matrix (ECM) development and efficient adipogenic differentiation are required for their effective application. In this study, we show that differentiated ASC spheroids develop an ECM, resembling native adipose tissue. Furthermore, the ASC spheroids exhibited a superior differentiation capacity as compared with conventional 2D culture, and required only a short adipogenic induction stimulus. Our results identify ASC-derived spheroids as an attractive cell delivery method for adipose tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Hoefner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Muhr
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Horder
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiesner
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Wittmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Lukaszyk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Radeloff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Becker
- Institute for Medical Radiation and Cell Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Dermatopontin, A Novel Adipokine Promoting Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix Remodelling and Inflammation in Obesity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041069. [PMID: 32283761 PMCID: PMC7230369 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that dermatopontin (DPT) regulates collagen and fibronectin fibril formation, the induction of cell adhesion and the prompting of wound healing. We aimed to evaluate the role of DPT on obesity and its associated metabolic alterations as well as its impact in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling. Samples obtained from 54 subjects were used in a case-control study. Circulating and VAT expression levels of DPT as well as key ECM remodelling- and inflammation-related genes were analysed. The effect of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators on the transcript levels of DPT in visceral adipocytes was explored. The impact of DPT on ECM remodelling and inflammation pathways was also evaluated in cultured adipocytes. We show that obesity and obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D) increased (p < 0.05) circulating levels of DPT. In this line, DPT mRNA in VAT was increased (p < 0.05) in obese patients with and without T2D. Gene expression levels of DPT were enhanced (p < 0.05) in human visceral adipocytes after the treatment with lipopolysaccharide, tumour growth factor (TGF)-β and palmitic acid, whereas a downregulation (p < 0.05) was detected after the stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, critical cytokines mediating anti-inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we revealed that DPT increased (p < 0.05) the expression of ECM- (COL6A3, ELN, MMP9, TNMD) and inflammation-related factors (IL6, IL8, TNF) in human visceral adipocytes. These findings provide, for the first time, evidence of a novel role of DPT in obesity and its associated comorbidities by influencing AT remodelling and inflammation.
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Ballester M, Quintanilla R, Ortega FJ, Serrano JCE, Cassanyé A, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Portero-Otin M, Tibau J. Dietary intake of bioactive ingredients impacts liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes in a porcine model of prepubertal early obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5375. [PMID: 32214182 PMCID: PMC7096439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic proportions over the past 40 years, with childhood obesity reaching alarming rates. In this study, we determined changes in liver and adipose tissue transcriptomes of a porcine model for prepubertal early obesity induced by a high-calorie diet and supplemented with bioactive ingredients. A total of 43 nine-weeks-old animals distributed in four pens were fed with four different dietary treatments for 10 weeks: a conventional diet; a western-type diet; and a western-type diet with Bifidobacterium breve and rice hydrolysate, either adding or not omega-3 fatty acids. Animals fed a western-type diet increased body weight and total fat content and exhibited elevated serum concentrations of cholesterol, whereas animals supplemented with bioactive ingredients showed lower body weight gain and tended to accumulate less fat. An RNA-seq experiment was performed with a total of 20 animals (five per group). Differential expression analyses revealed an increase in lipogenesis, cholesterogenesis and inflammatory processes in animals on the western-type diet while the supplementation with bioactive ingredients induced fatty acid oxidation and cholesterol catabolism, and decreased adipogenesis and inflammation. These results reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of bioactive ingredient supplementation in an obese pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ballester
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140, Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C E Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Cassanyé
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, 25196, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Programme, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet, 17121, Monells, Spain
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Havis E, Duprez D. EGR1 Transcription Factor is a Multifaceted Regulator of Matrix Production in Tendons and Other Connective Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051664. [PMID: 32121305 PMCID: PMC7084410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the transcription factor EGR1 is known as NGF1-A, TIS8, Krox24, zif/268, and ZENK, it still has many fewer names than biological functions. A broad range of signals induce Egr1 gene expression via numerous regulatory elements identified in the Egr1 promoter. EGR1 is also the target of multiple post-translational modifications, which modulate EGR1 transcriptional activity. Despite the myriad regulators of Egr1 transcription and translation, and the numerous biological functions identified for EGR1, the literature reveals a recurring theme of EGR1 transcriptional activity in connective tissues, regulating genes related to the extracellular matrix. Egr1 is expressed in different connective tissues, such as tendon (a dense connective tissue), cartilage and bone (supportive connective tissues), and adipose tissue (a loose connective tissue). Egr1 is involved in the development, homeostasis, and healing processes of these tissues, mainly via the regulation of extracellular matrix. In addition, Egr1 is often involved in the abnormal production of extracellular matrix in fibrotic conditions, and Egr1 deletion is seen as a target for therapeutic strategies to fight fibrotic conditions. This generic EGR1 function in matrix regulation has little-explored implications but is potentially important for tendon repair.
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Xia T, Shen Z, Cai J, Pan M, Sun C. ColXV Aggravates Adipocyte Apoptosis by Facilitating Abnormal Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030959. [PMID: 32024006 PMCID: PMC7037489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structural network and plays an essential role in cell behavior and regulation during metabolic homeostasis and obesity progression. Abnormal ECM remodeling impairs adipocyte plasticity required for diverse cellular functions. Collagen XV (ColXV) is a proteoglycan localized to the outermost layer of basement membranes (BMs) and forms a bridge between the BMs and the fibrillar collagen matrix. Nevertheless, how ColXV affects ECM composition and the reason for subsequent adipocyte apoptosis is still unclear. This report found, through RNA-seq data, that ColXV is linked to cell growth and ECM remodeling. Findings show that, in response to excessive expression of extracellular ColXV, the AMPK/mTORC1 pathway is strongly activated and triggers a cascade of mitochondrial apoptosis. This is the first study to make use of ECM three-dimensional reconstruction, based on decellularization in the adipose tissues and the study reveals that ColXV is an activation factor that alters ECM remodeling in adipose tissues. It was also demonstrated that the fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)/fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) axis involved in ECM remodeling is suppressed by ColXV due to reduction of FGF2 translocation to FGFR1. Furthermore, ColXV induced remodeling of ECM preceding apoptosis and continued to induce apoptosis in adipocytes. Collectively, our findings establish ColXV as a basement membrane collagen with homology to ColXVIII, indicating that it is one of the positive regulators for inducing ECM remodeling and further promoting adipocyte apoptosis.
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40
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Khan S, Chan YT, Revelo XS, Winer DA. The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:267. [PMID: 32499756 PMCID: PMC7243349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging represent major health burdens to the global adult population. Both conditions promote the development of associated metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a site that becomes dysfunctional during obesity and aging, and plays a significant role during their pathophysiology. The changes in obese and aging VAT are now recognized to be partly driven by a chronic local inflammatory state, characterized by immune cells that typically adopt an inflammatory phenotype during metabolic disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the immune cell landscape of the VAT during lean, obese, and aged conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences. We also briefly discuss possible linked mechanisms that fuel obesity- and age-associated VAT dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xavier S. Revelo
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Daniel A. Winer
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41
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Bielczyk-Maczynska E. White Adipocyte Plasticity in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:E1507. [PMID: 31775295 PMCID: PMC6953026 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity is a transformation of a terminally differentiated cell into another cell type, which has been long known to occur in disease and regeneration. However, white adipocytes (fat cells) have only recently been observed to undergo different types of cellular plasticity. Adipocyte transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in fibrosis and cancer, respectively. On the other hand, reversible adipocyte dedifferentiation into adipocyte progenitor cells (preadipocytes) has been demonstrated in mammary gland and in dermal adipose tissue. Here we discuss the research on adipocyte plasticity, including the experimental approaches that allowed to detect and study it, the current state of the knowledge, major research questions which remain to be addressed, and the advances required to stimulate adipocyte plasticity research. In the future, the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte plasticity can be utilized both to prevent adipocyte plasticity in disease and to stimulate it for use in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bielczyk-Maczynska
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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42
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Nasoohi S, Parveen K, Ishrat T. Metabolic Syndrome, Brain Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) and Inflammasome as Core Amplifiers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:857-885. [PMID: 30372683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates a strong association between insulin resistance and pathological alterations related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different cerebral regions. While cerebral insulin resistance is not essentially parallel with systemic metabolic derangements, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established as a risk factor for AD. The circulating "toxic metabolites" emerging in metabolic syndrome may engage several biochemical pathways to promote oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leading to impair insulin function in the brain or "type 3 diabetes". Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an intracellular amplifier of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation may presumably mediate central insulin resistance. Emerging data including those from our recent studies has demonstrated a sharp TXNIP upregulation in stroke, aging and AD and well underlining the significance of this hypothesis. With the main interest to illustrate TXNIP place in type 3 diabetes, the present review primarily briefs the potential mechanisms contributing to cerebral insulin resistance in a metabolically deranged environment. Then with a particular focus on plausible TXNIP functions to drive and associate with AD pathology, we present the most recent evidence supporting TXNIP as a promising therapeutic target in AD as an age-associated dementia.
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Carillon J, Saby M, Barial S, Sansone A, Scanferlato R, Gayrard N, Lajoix AD, Jover B, Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C. Melon juice concentrate supplementation in an animal model of obesity: Involvement of relaxin and fatty acid pathways. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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44
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Impact of HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus infection and viral proteins on adipose tissue fibrosis and adipogenesis. AIDS 2019; 33:953-964. [PMID: 30946149 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) often present adipose tissue accumulation and/or redistribution. adipose tissue has been shown to be an HIV/SIV reservoir and viral proteins as Tat or Nef can be released by infected immune cells and exert a bystander effect on adipocytes or precursors. Our aim was to demonstrate that SIV/HIV infection per se could alter adipose tissue structure and/or function. DESIGN Morphological and functional alterations of subcutaneous (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were studied in SIV-infected macaques and HIV-infected ART-controlled patients. To analyze the effect of Tat or Nef, we used human adipose stem cells (ASCs) issued from healthy donors, and analyzed adipogenesis and extracellular matrix component production using two dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture models. METHODS Adipocyte size and index of fibrosis were determined on Sirius red-stained adipose tissue samples. Proliferating and adipocyte 2D-differentiating or 3D-differentiating ASCs were treated chronically with Tat or Nef. mRNA, protein expression and secretion were examined by RT-PCR, western-blot and ELISA. RESULTS SCAT and VAT from SIV-infected macaques displayed small adipocytes, decreased adipogenesis and severe fibrosis with collagen deposition. SCAT and VAT from HIV-infected ART-controlled patients presented similar alterations. In vitro, Tat and/or Nef induced a profibrotic phenotype in undifferentiated ASCs and altered adipogenesis and collagen production in adipocyte-differentiating ASCs. CONCLUSION We demonstrate here a specific role for HIV/SIV infection per se on adipose tissue fibrosis and adipogenesis, probably through the release of viral proteins, which could be involved in adipose tissue dysfunction contributing to cardiometabolic alterations of HIV-infected individuals.
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45
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Svärd J, Røst TH, Sommervoll CEN, Haugen C, Gudbrandsen OA, Mellgren AE, Rødahl E, Fernø J, Dankel SN, Sagen JV, Mellgren G. Absence of the proteoglycan decorin reduces glucose tolerance in overfed male mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4614. [PMID: 30874564 PMCID: PMC6420637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated the extracellular matrix (ECM) of adipose tissue in insulin resistance. The proteoglycan decorin, a component of ECM, has been associated with glucose tolerance, but possible causal effects on metabolism remain to be explored. We here sought to determine metabolic consequences of loss of decorin in mice (DcnKO). DcnKO mice were fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet for 10 weeks and body weight and food intake was recorded. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was performed after eight weeks. Blood samples and adipose, liver and muscle tissues were collected at sacrifice. Global gene expression was measured in adipose tissue, and expression of decorin was also analyzed in human adipose samples. DcnKO mice showed increased feed efficiency during overfeeding and impaired glucose tolerance. Adipose leptin mRNA and circulating leptin levels were elevated in DcnKO mice, along with a downregulation of genes involved in ECM organization and triglyceride biosynthesis, and an upregulation of adipose genes involved in complement and coagulation cascades. Consistent with a protective metabolic role for decorin, in obese patients we found increased adipose decorin expression after profound fat loss, particularly in the stromal vascular fraction. Loss of decorin in mice caused impaired glucose tolerance in association with increased feed efficiency and altered gene expression in adipose tissue. Our data provide evidence that decorin is an important factor for maintaining glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Svärd
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Therese H Røst
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla E N Sommervoll
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christine Haugen
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne E Mellgren
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Eyvind Rødahl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan Fernø
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon N Dankel
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway.,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway.
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O'Halloran NA, Dolan EB, Kerin MJ, Lowery AJ, Duffy GP. Hydrogels in adipose tissue engineering-Potential application in post-mastectomy breast regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2234-2247. [PMID: 30334613 DOI: 10.1002/term.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current methods of breast reconstruction are associated with significant shortcomings, including capsular contracture, infection, rupture, the need for reoperation in implant-based reconstruction, and donor site morbidity in autologous reconstruction. These limitations result in severe physical and psychological issues for breast cancer patients. Recently, research has moved into the field of adipose tissue engineering to overcome these limitations. A wide range of regenerative strategies has been devised utilising various scaffold designs and biomaterials. A scaffold capable of providing appropriate biochemical and biomechanical cues for adipogenesis is required. Hydrogels have been widely studied for their suitability for adipose tissue regeneration and are advantageous secondary to their ability to accurately imitate the native extracellular matrix. The aim of this review was to analyse the use of hydrogel scaffolds in the field of adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh A O'Halloran
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eimear B Dolan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife J Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, The Lambe Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Garry P Duffy
- Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Kennedy N, Quinton A, Peek MJ, Robledo K, Benzie R, Nanan R. A novel evaluation of density differences in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue layers in pregnancy using elastography. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2018; 21:227-233. [DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narelle Kennedy
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Sydney Medical School Nepean; University of Sydney; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
- Christopher Kohlenberg Department of Perinatal Ultrasound; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
| | - Ann Quinton
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Sydney Medical School Nepean; University of Sydney; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
- Medical Sonography; School of Health, Medical and Applied Science; Central Queensland University; Sydney New South Wales 2000 Australia
| | - Michael John Peek
- Australian National University Medical School; College of Health and Medicine; The Australian National University; Centenary Hospital for Women and Children; Garran Australian Capital Territory 2605 Australia
| | - Kristy Robledo
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales 2000 Australia
| | - Ron Benzie
- Discipline of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Neonatology; Sydney Medical School Nepean; University of Sydney; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
- Christopher Kohlenberg Department of Perinatal Ultrasound; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre; University of Sydney; Nepean Hospital; Penrith New South Wales 2750 Australia
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Zhao Y, Fan J, Bai S. Biocompatibility of injectable hydrogel from decellularized human adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1684-1694. [PMID: 30352138 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering is considered as a promising treatment for repairing soft tissue defects. The decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) is becoming the research focus in tissue engineering for its tissue specificity. In this study, the human adipose tissue liposucted from healthy people were decellularized by a series of mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic methods. The components of cell and lipid were effectively removed, whereas the collagens and other ingredients in adipose tissue were retained in the human decellularized adipose tissue (hDAT). Then the extracted hDAT was further fabricated into injectable hydrogel, which could be self-assembled to form gel under certain condition. The hDAT hydrogel was nontoxic to human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and could spontaneously induce adipogenic differentiation in vitro. It was highly biocompatible and could not cause inflammation and rejection after being implanted subcutaneously. The hDAT hydrogel developed in this study will be one of the available choices for soft tissue enlargement and cosmetic fillers because of its noninvasive in collection and implantation process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1684-1694, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.,Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Shuling Bai
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, China
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Jager M, Lee MJ, Li C, Farmer SR, Fried SK, Layne MD. Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein enhances adipose tissue stromal progenitor differentiation into myofibroblasts and is upregulated in fibrotic white adipose tissue. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197777. [PMID: 29799877 PMCID: PMC5969754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue expands through both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia and it is hypothesized that fibrosis or excess accumulation of extracellular matrix within adipose tissue may limit tissue expansion contributing to metabolic dysfunction. The pathways that control adipose tissue remodeling are only partially understood, however it is likely that adipose tissue stromal and perivascular progenitors participate in fibrotic remodeling and also serve as adipocyte progenitors. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of the secreted extracellular matrix protein aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) on adipose progenitor differentiation in the context of adipose tissue fibrosis. Treatment of 10T1/2 mouse cells with recombinant ACLP suppressed adipogenesis and enhanced myofibroblast differentiation, which was dependent on transforming growth factor-β receptor kinase activity. Mice fed a chronic high fat diet exhibited white adipose tissue fibrosis with elevated ACLP expression and cellular fractionation of these depots revealed that ACLP was co-expressed with collagens primarily in the inflammatory cell depleted stromal-vascular fraction (SVF). SVF cells isolated from mice fed a high fat diet secreted increased amounts of ACLP compared to low fat diet control SVF. These cells also exhibited reduced adipogenic differentiation capacity in vitro. Importantly, differentiation studies in primary human adipose stromal cells revealed that mature adipocytes do not express ACLP and exogenous ACLP administration blunted their differentiation potential while upregulating myofibroblastic markers. Collectively, these studies identify ACLP as a stromal derived mediator of adipose progenitor differentiation that may limit adipocyte expansion during white adipose tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jager
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chendi Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Fried
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Yamashita Y, Nakada S, Yoshihara T, Nara T, Furuya N, Miida T, Hattori N, Arikawa-Hirasawa E. Perlecan, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, regulates systemic metabolism with dynamic changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7766. [PMID: 29773865 PMCID: PMC5958100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a component of basement membranes and participates in a variety of biological activities. Here, we show physiological roles of perlecan in both obesity and the onset of metabolic syndrome. The perinatal lethality-rescued perlecan knockout (Hspg2−/−-Tg) mice showed a smaller mass and cell size of white adipose tissues than control (WT-Tg) mice. Abnormal lipid deposition, such as fatty liver, was not detected in the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice, and those mice also consumed more fat as an energy source, likely due to their activated fatty acid oxidation. In addition, the Hspg2−/−-Tg mice demonstrated increased insulin sensitivity. Molecular analysis revealed the significantly relatively increased amount of the muscle fiber type IIA (X) isoform and a larger quantity of mitochondria in the skeletal muscle of Hspg2−/−-Tg mice. Furthermore, the perlecan-deficient skeletal muscle also had elevated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) protein. PGC1α expression is activated by exercise, and induces mitochondrial biosynthesis. Thus, perlecan may act as a mechano-regulator of catabolism of both lipids and glucose by shifting the muscle fiber composition to oxidative fibers. Our data suggest that downregulation of perlecan is a promising strategy to control metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yamashita
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakada
- Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Iwaki Meisei University, Fukushima, 970-8551, Japan
| | - Norihiko Furuya
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Eri Arikawa-Hirasawa
- Aging Biology in Health and Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Japanese Center for Research on Women in Sport, Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Research Institute for Disease of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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