1
|
Mojahed N, Adjei M, Qasem E, Aaflaq S, Adu T, Jacobs JT, Richardson BD, Nordman JC. Acute social defeat during adolescence promotes long-lasting aggression through activation of the medial amygdala. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1433993. [PMID: 39050664 PMCID: PMC11266103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1433993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic stress, particularly during critical developmental periods such as adolescence, has been strongly linked to an increased propensity and severity of aggression. Existing literature underscores that being a victim of abuse can exacerbate aggressive behaviors, with the amygdala playing a pivotal role in mediating these effects. Historically, animal models have demonstrated that traumatic stressors can increase attack behavior, implicating various amygdala nuclei. Building on this foundation, our previous work has highlighted how traumatic stress invokes long-lasting aggression via an excitatory pathway within the posterior ventral medial amygdala (MeApv). In the current study, we sought to further delineate this mechanism by examining the effects of acute social defeat during adolescence on aggressive behaviors and neural activation in mice. Using a common social defeat paradigm, we first established that acute social defeat during late adolescence indeed promotes long-lasting aggression, measured as attack behavior 7 days after the defeat session. Immunolabeling with c-Fos demonstrated that acute social defeat activates the MeApv and ventrolateral aspect of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VmHvl), consistent with our previous studies that used foot shock as an acute stressor. Finally, chemogenetically inhibiting excitatory MeApv neurons during social defeat significantly mitigated the aggression increase without affecting non-aggressive social behavior. These results strongly suggest that the MeApv plays a critical role in the onset of aggression following traumatic social experience, and offer the MeA as a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mojahed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Magdalene Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Elana Qasem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Sophia Aaflaq
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Temitope Adu
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Jessica T. Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Ben D. Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Jacob C. Nordman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chung MK, Azizi T, Hanson JL, Alexander AL, Pollak SD, Davidson RJ. Altered topological structure of the brain white matter in maltreated children through topological data analysis. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:355-376. [PMID: 38711544 PMCID: PMC11073548 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment may adversely affect brain development and consequently influence behavioral, emotional, and psychological patterns during adulthood. In this study, we propose an analytical pipeline for modeling the altered topological structure of brain white matter in maltreated and typically developing children. We perform topological data analysis (TDA) to assess the alteration in the global topology of the brain white matter structural covariance network among children. We use persistent homology, an algebraic technique in TDA, to analyze topological features in the brain covariance networks constructed from structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. We develop a novel framework for statistical inference based on the Wasserstein distance to assess the significance of the observed topological differences. Using these methods in comparing maltreated children with a typically developing control group, we find that maltreatment may increase homogeneity in white matter structures and thus induce higher correlations in the structural covariance; this is reflected in the topological profile. Our findings strongly suggest that TDA can be a valuable framework to model altered topological structures of the brain. The MATLAB codes and processed data used in this study can be found at https://github.com/laplcebeltrami/maltreated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moo K. Chung
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tahmineh Azizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jamie L. Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew L. Alexander
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth D. Pollak
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tomoda A, Nishitani S, Takiguchi S, Fujisawa TX, Sugiyama T, Teicher MH. The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function, and attachment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01779-y. [PMID: 38466395 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for psychopathologies, and influences brain development at specific periods, particularly during early childhood and adolescence. This narrative review addresses phenotypic alterations in sensory systems associated with specific types of childhood maltreatment exposure, periods of vulnerability to the neurobiological effects of maltreatment, and the relationships between childhood maltreatment and brain structure, function, connectivity, and network architecture; psychopathology; and resilience. It also addresses neurobiological alterations associated with maternal communication and attachment disturbances, and uses laboratory-based measures during infancy and case-control studies to elucidate neurobiological alterations in reactive attachment disorders in children with maltreatment histories. Moreover, we review studies on the acute effects of oxytocin on reactive attachment disorder and maltreatment and methylation of oxytocin regulatory genes. Epigenetic changes may play a critical role in initiating or producing the atypical structural and functional brain alterations associated with childhood maltreatment. However, these changes could be reversed through psychological and pharmacological interventions, and by anticipating or preventing the emergence of brain alterations and subsequent psychopathological risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan.
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Shota Nishitani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takiguchi
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
- Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychological Medicine, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Martin H Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendoza-Huertas L, Mendoza N, Godoy-Izquierdo D. Impact of violence against women on quality of life and menopause-related disorders. Maturitas 2024; 180:107899. [PMID: 38043463 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women is a pressing global issue that poses a number of significant health risks. The influence of violence on women's health during the menopause has been underestimated, especially its impact on the early onset of menopause and on the exacerbation of symptoms that determine quality of life. The objectives of our study were to analyse whether experiencing any type of violence increases the risk of early menopause, worsens menopausal symptoms, and results in a lower quality of life. This cross-sectional observational study recruited 29 postmenopausal women who had experienced violence from a partner in their lifetimes. Additionally, 89 postmenopausal who had not suffered from violence were included as a control group. All the women who had experienced violence from a partner reported psychological and economic violence, 75 % reported physical violence, 57.1 % reported sexual violence, and 39.3 % reported all types of violence. Violence was found to be associated with menopausal symptoms and poorer quality of life. These associations persisted after adjustment for multiple factors, and women who had experienced any form of violence reported a worse quality of life during menopause. Moreover, violence-exposed women reached menopause approximately 20 months earlier (p < 0.05), and 20.7 % of these women developed premature ovarian insufficiency (p < 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Mendoza-Huertas
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Mendoza
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Débora Godoy-Izquierdo
- Department Personality and Psychological Assessment & Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, C.U. Cartuja w/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schütte S, Lohaus A, Symanzik T, Heinrichs N, Konrad K, Reindl V. Longitudinal Associations Between Parenting and Child Behaviour Problems and the Moderating Effect of Child Callous Unemotional Traits in Foster and Biological Families. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1274-1286. [PMID: 35239057 PMCID: PMC10435590 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The goals of the current study were to examine (i) differences in parenting between foster and biological parents, (ii) the longitudinal associations with children's internalising and externalising problems and iii) the potential moderation of these by children's callous-unemotional traits (CU traits). Data from 86 foster children (M = 4.44 years, male = 48%) and 148 biological children (M = 3.69 years, male = 49%) with their families were analysed in a longitudinal study with three measurement times. Parenting behaviour did not significantly differ between the foster and biological family groups. Significant longitudinal cross-lagged effects were found for parental warmth and support and children's externalising problems. CU traits moderated the relationship between warmth and support and externalising problems of children. Findings suggest that parenting behaviours and child psychopathology do influence each other over time reciprocally and to a similar extent in both groups. However, there was also evidence for greater temporal stability of psychopathological symptoms and reduced responsivity to parental warmth in children with higher CU traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Schütte
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tabea Symanzik
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Department of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Reindl
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Castro-Quintas Á, Palma-Gudiel H, San Martín-González N, Caso JR, Leza JC, Fañanás L. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A as a potential biomarker of psychosocial stress response during the first stages of life: A systematic review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101083. [PMID: 37479062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) has been recognized as a key component of human first line defense against infection. However, its reactivity to psychosocial stressors is poorly understood. This systematic review aimed to explore whether s-IgA levels changed after psychosocial stress in subjects under the age of 18. Fifteen articles were included. s-IgA basal levels are increased in children older than 9 years old exposed to stress. Furthermore, s-IgA seems to follow a circadian rhythm, which is altered under stress conditions. Finally, the collective evidence suggests that salivary s-IgA rapidly increases under acute stress after puberty. Overall, our review indicates that s-IgA could be considered a potential psychosocial stress biomarker of interest for pediatric and child-juvenile psychiatric population. Further studies are needed to validate the role of s-IgA circadian rhythm and basal levels as psychosocial stress biomarkers and disentangle the role of age and type of stressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Castro-Quintas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, United States
| | - Nerea San Martín-González
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Imas12. IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Imas12. IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miskowiak KW, Hansen KB, Mariegaard J, Kessing LV. Association between childhood trauma, cognition, and psychosocial function in a large sample of partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder and healthy participants. Int J Bipolar Disord 2023; 11:31. [PMID: 37728780 PMCID: PMC10511386 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-023-00311-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) are frequently reported by patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but it is unclear whether and how CT contribute to patients' cognitive and psychosocial impairments. We aimed to examine the impact of CT on cognition and psychosocial functioning in a large sample of 345 patients with BD and 183 healthy control participants (HC) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, neurocognitive tests and ratings of mood symptoms and functioning. RESULTS Patients showed broad cognitive impairments across memory, attention and executive function and functional disability despite being in partial or full remission and had higher levels of CT than HC. Higher levels of CT correlated with impairments across almost all cognitive domains and lower psychosocial functioning across BD patients and HC. Of these, the associations between CT and poorer working memory and lower psychosocial functioning, respectively, prevailed after adjusting for clinical and demographical variables. Diagnosis of BD and estimated verbal intelligence did not moderate these associations. Analysis of CT sub-categories showed that working memory impairments were related particularly to childhood physical and emotional abuse, while psychosocial difficulties were related to physical and emotional neglect. CONCLUSIONS CT may have negative implications for working memory and psychosocial functioning across both BD and healthy populations. If the findings are replicated, this would suggest that early interventions that reduce the frequency of CT in vulnerable families may aid children's cognitive and psychosocial development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Bang Hansen
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanna Mariegaard
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 2A, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yoon S, Sattler K, Knox J, Xin Y. Longitudinal examination of resilience among child welfare-involved adolescents: The roles of caregiver-child relationships and deviant peer affiliation. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1069-1078. [PMID: 34766899 PMCID: PMC9345746 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing attention to resilience following childhood maltreatment, it remains unclear how the development of resilience unfolds over time among child welfare-involved adolescents. Further, little is known about the immediate and enduring effects of two important attachments in children's lives, namely caregiver-child relationship and deviant peer affiliation, on resilience development over time. This study sought to examine the ways in which caregiver-child relationships and deviant peer affiliation shape developmental trajectories of resilience among child welfare-involved youth. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted on a sample of 711 adolescents. The results revealed that adolescents' resilience increased across a 36-month period since initial contact with Child Protective Services. Better caregiver-child relationships were associated with a higher initial level of resilience among adolescents, whereas higher deviant peer affiliation was associated with a lower initial level of resilience. Significant lagged effects were also found; caregiver-child relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation at baseline were associated with resilience at 18 months after. The findings suggest that interventions that aim to promote positive caregiver-child relationships and prevent deviant peer relationships may help foster resilience among adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kierra Sattler
- School of Health and Human Sciences, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Jerica Knox
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yitong Xin
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malekpour M, Shekouh D, Safavinia ME, Shiralipour S, Jalouli M, Mortezanejad S, Azarpira N, Ebrahimi ND. Role of FKBP5 and its genetic mutations in stress-induced psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for drug discovery. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1182345. [PMID: 37398599 PMCID: PMC10313426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced mental health disorders are affecting many people around the world. However, effective drug therapy for curing psychiatric diseases does not occur sufficiently. Many neurotransmitters, hormones, and mechanisms are essential in regulating the body's stress response. One of the most critical components of the stress response system is the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The FKBP prolyl isomerase 51 (FKBP51) protein is one of the main negative regulators of the HPA axis. FKBP51 negatively regulates the cortisol effects (the end product of the HPA axis) by inhibiting the interaction between glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and cortisol, causing reduced transcription of downstream cortisol molecules. By regulating cortisol effects, the FKBP51 protein can indirectly regulate the sensitivity of the HPA axis to stressors. Previous studies have indicated the influence of FKBP5 gene mutations and epigenetic changes in different psychiatric diseases and drug responses and recommended the FKBP51 protein as a drug target and a biomarker for psychological disorders. In this review, we attempted to discuss the effects of the FKBP5 gene, its mutations on different psychiatric diseases, and drugs affecting the FKBP5 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Dorsa Shekouh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Shadi Shiralipour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Jalouli
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Mortezanejad
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kobrinsky V, Siedlecki KL. Mediators of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Suicidality among Adults. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:233-246. [PMID: 37234827 PMCID: PMC10205933 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are consistently found to be negatively associated with physical, psychological, and psychosocial well-being throughout the lifespan. While previous research has established risk factors and noxious outcomes arising post-ACEs, less attention has been given to factors such as resilience, perceived social support, and subjective well-being that may help explain the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology. Hence, the objectives of this study are to examine: (1) the relationships among ACEs and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality in adulthood, and (2) whether resilience, social support, and subjective well-being mediate the relationship between ACEs and psychopathological symptoms. Cross-sectional data on ACEs, psychological factors, potential mediating variables, and sociodemographic factors were collected from a community sample of adults aged 18-81 (N = 296) via an on-line survey. Endorsing ACEs was significantly and positively correlated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and suicidality. Results of parallel mediation analyses showed that social support, negative affect, and life satisfaction statistically mediated the relationships between ACEs and psychopathological outcomes in adulthood. These results highlight the importance of identifying potential mediators of the ACEs-psychopathological symptoms relationship to aid in the development of screening and intervention practices that could bolster developmental outcomes following traumatic childhood experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Kobrinsky
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 W. 60th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - Karen L. Siedlecki
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, 113 W. 60th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Elsenburg LK, Liefbroer AC, van Eeden AE, Hoek HW, Oldehinkel AJ, Smidt N. Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Body Mass Index in Young Adulthood: Mediated by Depression and Anxiety? CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:286-296. [PMID: 35655122 PMCID: PMC10028135 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221092946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether childhood abuse is related to body mass index (BMI) in young adults and whether this relationship is mediated by depression and anxiety. Data are from the Dutch longitudinal cohort study TRAILS (nfemales = 836, nmales = 719). At wave 4, childhood sexual, physical and verbal abuse, and lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were assessed. BMI was measured at wave 4 and 5 (mean age = 19.2/22.4 years). Sex-stratified structural equation models were estimated. Females who had experienced sexual abuse had a higher BMI at wave 4 (B = 0.97, 95%CI = [-0.01,1.96]) and a higher increase in BMI between wave 4 and 5 (B = 0.52, 95%CI = [0.04,1.01]) than females who had not experienced sexual abuse. Additionally, MDD and BMI at wave 4 were related in females (B = 1.35, 95%CI = [0.52,2.18]). MDD mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and BMI at wave 4 in females. In addition, sexual abuse moderated the relationship between MDD and BMI at wave 4. The relationship was stronger among females who had experienced sexual abuse than among females who had not. Prevention of BMI changes among females who experienced sexual abuse may thus be warranted, particularly when they developed MDD. MDD treatment, such as abuse-focused psychotherapy, may aid this prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie K. Elsenburg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic
Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Aart C. Liefbroer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic
Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies E. van Eeden
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School
of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Smidt
- Department of Epidemiology, University of
Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JJ, Flouri E. The relationship between diurnal cortisol slope and cognitive development among children maltreated as infants. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 148:106873. [PMID: 36876149 PMCID: PMC9983686 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning for children's cognitive development, especially among vulnerable groups. The current study explores the relationship between diurnal cortisol slope and cognitive outcomes among children at the ages of 5 and 6 who have been maltreated as infants and involved with child protective services, using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) I (N=158). Multiple regression analyses showed that a greater decline in salivary cortisol from morning to evening was positively associated with scores on applied problems and expressive communication, even after adjustment for confounding. It was also associated with lower odds of cognitive disability. There were null associations with letter-word identification, passage comprehension, auditory comprehension, matrices, and vocabulary. Results suggest that children involved with child protective services as infants, and thus exposed early to likely 'toxic' levels of stressors, may face dysregulation of the HPA axis and particular difficulties in some aspects of cognitive function. Potential explanations and implications for policy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Jiyoun Lee
- Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 202 Henderson Building, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, 20 Bedford, Way, London, WC1H 0AL
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrews K, Khoury JE, Tiwari A, Kirupaharan S, Gonzalez A. Maternal History of Child Maltreatment and Household Chaos: Examining the Mediating Role of Maternal and Child Psychopathology. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:221-231. [PMID: 35266834 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver history of childhood maltreatment can have pervasive effects on familial and household dynamics. Maternal history of child maltreatment (MCM) is linked to maternal depressive symptoms and offspring behavioural problems. Further, maternal and child mental health are associated with chaotic home environments. In this study, we examined the potential mediating roles of maternal depressive symptoms and child behavioural problems in the association between MCM and household chaos. A sample of 133 mother-child dyads participated in home visits during which mothers completed questionnaires measuring their history of child maltreatment, depressive symptoms, household chaos and child behaviour problems. Mothers also conducted videotaped home tours related to household chaos. Structural equation modelling results indicated that MCM was indirectly associated with higher household chaos via elevated maternal depressive symptoms and child externalizing, but not internalizing behaviour problems. Interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of MCM on maternal and child psychopathology may positively influence household dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krysta Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwini Tiwari
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, 1421Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nie Z, Xie X, Kang L, Wang W, Xu S, Chen M, Yao L, Gong Q, Zhou E, Li M, Wang H, Bu L, Liu Z. A Cross-Sectional Study: Structural and Related Functional Connectivity Changes in the Brain: Stigmata of Adverse Parenting in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder? Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040694. [PMID: 37190659 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a high correlation between the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as adverse parenting (AP). While there appears to be an association between ACEs and changes in brain structure and function, there have yet to be multimodal neuroimaging studies of associations between parenting style and brain developmental changes in MDD patients. To explore the effect of AP on brain structure and function. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 125 MDD outpatients were included in the study and divided into the AP group and the optimal parenting (OP) group. Participants completed self-rating scales to assess depressive severity, symptoms, and their parents' styles. They also completed magnetic resonance imaging within one week of filling out the instruments. The differences between groups of gender, educational level, and medications were analyzed using the chi-squared test and those of age, duration of illness, and scores on scales using the independent samples t-test. Differences in gray matter volume (GMV) and resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) were assessed between groups. Results: AP was associated with a significant increase in GMV in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) and FC between the right SPL and the bilateral medial superior frontal cortex in MDD patients. Limitations: The cross-cultural characteristics of AP will result in the lack of generalizability of the findings. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that AP during childhood may imprint the brain and affect depressive symptoms in adulthood. Parents should pay attention to the parenting style and avoid a style that lacks warmth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Nie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xinhui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shuxian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mianmian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Enqi Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Meng Li
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lihong Bu
- PET/CT/MRI and Molecular Imaging Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dos Santos AS, Segabinazi E, de Almeida W, Faustino AM, Bronauth LP, Dos Santos TM, Ferreira FS, Wyse ATS, Marcuzzo S, Pereira LO. Resistance exercise was safe for the pregnancy and offspring's development and partially protected rats against early life stress-induced effects. Behav Brain Res 2023; 445:114362. [PMID: 36889464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Promising evidence points to gestational physical exercise as the key to preventing various disorders that affect the offspring neurodevelopment, but there are no studies showing the impact of resistance exercise on offspring health. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether resistance exercise during pregnancy is able to prevent or to alleviate the possible deleterious effects on offspring, caused by early life-stress (ELS). Pregnant rats performed resistance exercise throughout the gestational period:they climbed a sloping ladder with a weight attached to their tail, 3 times a week. Male and female pups, on the day of birth (P0), were divided into 4 experimental groups: 1) rats of sedentary mothers (SED group); 2) rats of exercised mothers (EXE group); 3) rats of sedentary mothers and submitted to maternal separation (ELS group) and 4) rats of exercised mothers and submitted to MS (EXE + ELS group). From P1 to P10, pups from groups 3 and 4 were separated from their mothers for 3 h/day. Maternal behavior was assessed. From P30, behavioral tests were performed and on P38 the animals were euthanized and prefrontal cortex samples were collected. Oxidative stress and tissue damage analysis by Nissl staining were performed. Our results demonstrate that male rats are more susceptible to ELS than females, showing impulsive and hyperactive behavior similar to that seen in children with ADHD. This behavior was attenuated by the gestational resistance exercise. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise performed during pregnancy seems to be safe for the pregnancy and offspring's neurodevelopment and are effective in preventing ELS-induced damage only in male rats. Interestingly, resistance exercise during pregnancy improved maternal care and it is reasonable to propose that this finding may be related to the protective role on the animals neurodevelopment, observed in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Souza Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethiane Segabinazi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Wellington de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Faustino
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Loise Peres Bronauth
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Marcuzzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Q, Chen J, Li Y, Lin X, Yu H, Lin X, Wu H, Peng H. Cortical thickness and curvature abnormalities in patients with major depressive disorder with childhood maltreatment: Neural markers of vulnerability? Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 80:103396. [PMID: 36508912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been related to various disadvantageous lifetime outcomes. However, the brain structural alterations that occur in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with childhood maltreatment are incompletely investigated. METHODS We extensively explored the cortical abnormalities including cortical volume, surface area, thickness, sulcal depth, and curvature in maltreated MDD patients. Twoway ANOVA was performed to distinguish the effects of childhood maltreatment and depression on structural abnormalities. Partial correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between childhood maltreatment and cortical abnormalities. Moreover, we plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve to examine whether the observed cortical abnormalities could be used as neuro biomarkers to identify maltreated MDD patients. RESULTS We reach the following findings: (i) relative to MDD without childhood maltreatment, MDD patients with childhood maltreatment existed increased cortical curvature in inferior frontal gyrus; (ii) compared to HC without childhood maltreatment, decreased cortical thickness was observed in anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex in MDD patients with childhood maltreatment; (iii) we confirmed the inseparable relationship between cortical curvature alterations in inferior frontal gyrus as well as childhood maltreatment; (iv) cortical curvature abnormality in inferior frontal gyrus could be applied as neural biomarker for clinical identification of MDD patients with childhood maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment have a significant effects on cortical thickness and curvature abnormalities involved in inferior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, constituting the vulnerability to depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Luo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Juran Chen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China.
| | - Hongjun Peng
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510370, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou 510370, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dalhof M(G, Rost K, Ziegenhain U, Fegert JM, Köhler-Dauner F. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as a catalyst? Development of emotional problems of preschool children of mothers with childhood maltreatment experiences in the course of the pandemic-a longitudinal analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1156282. [PMID: 37063662 PMCID: PMC10098205 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1156282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have posed great challenges for all families and children. Health risks and fears associated with SARS-CoV-2 negatively affect the parental mental health and perceived stress, which in turn influence parental coping and thereby impairs the mental health and well-being of their children. Additional risk factors within the parents, such as maternal childhood maltreatment (CM) experiences, may increase the risk of children to develop emotional problems during the pandemic. Objective The purpose of this longitudinal study is to determine whether preschool children of mothers with CM are at higher risk of developing emotional problems during the pandemic than preschool children of mothers without CM. Method 74 mothers from a birth cohort examining pathways to resilience or vulnerability in the transgenerational transmission of CM, provided information on emotional problems of their children (aged 3-7 years) at two measurement time points (t1: May 2020, t2: March 2021) as part of an online "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic" survey. In addition, parents were asked for a retrospective assessment of their children's emotional problems before the pandemic at time t1. Children's emotional problems were assessed using the "emotional problems" scale of the German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and linked to previously collected data on mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences, which were collected using the German short version of the Trauma in Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ). Results Our analyses showed that children's emotional problems increased significantly over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic [F(1.86, 116.88) = 3.72, p = 0.030 η 2 = 0.06] and were rated significantly higher in the group of children of mothers with CM, than in the group of mothers without CM [F(1, 63) = 126.06, p < 0.001 η 2 = 0.67]. Furthermore children's emotional problems of mothers with CM increased significantly more and reached a clinically significant value during the pandemic than for children of mothers without CM [F(1.86, 116.88) = 8.89, p < 0.001, η 2 = 0.12]. Conclusions Children of mothers with CM appear to be at increased risk of developing emotional problems during the pandemic. CM therefore needs to be considered as an additional risk factor in the impact of the pandemic on children.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cooke EM, Connolly EJ, Boisvert DL, Hayes BE. A Systematic Review of the Biological Correlates and Consequences of Childhood Maltreatment and Adverse Childhood Experiences. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:156-173. [PMID: 34105421 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211021613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are two primary forms of interpersonal victimization that have been associated with a host of deleterious health outcomes. Studies over the past decade have begun to use a range of biologically informed methods to better understand the role biology plays in the relationship between CM, ACEs, and later life outcomes. This line of research has shown that both forms of victimization occur at sensitive periods of development, which can increase the likelihood of "getting under the skin" and influence health and behavior across the life course. This review examines the current state of knowledge on this hypothesis. One hundred and ninety-nine studies are included in this systematic review based on criteria that they be written in English, use a biologically informed method, and be conducted on samples of humans. Results reveal that latent additive genetic influences, biological system functioning captured by biomarkers, polygenic risk scores, and neurobiological factors are commonly associated with exposure and response to CM and ACEs. The implication of these findings for the existing body of research on early life victimization and recommendations for future research and policy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Cooke
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Danielle L Boisvert
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, 4038Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E Hayes
- School of Criminal Justice, 2514University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mumford EA, Taylor BG, Borowiecki M, Maitra P. Daily Reports of Aggressive Behaviors in Interpersonal Conflicts. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP21850-NP21874. [PMID: 34961387 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211063003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interpersonal conflicts are inevitable, but the probability that conflicts involve aggressive behavior varies. Prior research that has tended to focus on victimization in intimate partnerships reported through retrospective designs. Addressing these limitations, the current study examines daily reports of behaving aggressively in any conflict across relationships in a sample of 512 young adults drawn from the nationally representative iCOR cohort. Respondent attitudes and affective measures were collected at the end of the daily data collection period. Regression methods were applied to examine the probability and frequency of aggression, investigating early and recent exposure to adversities, attitudes, self-control, affect and emotional states, and alcohol use behavior. Recent adversities and the propensity to endorse a defensive honor code attitude, consistent with theory and retrospective studies of aggression, predicted both prevalence and frequency of aggressive behavior. The associations of childhood maltreatment and self-control with the prevalence of behaving aggressively were as expected, but these constructs were significantly associated with the frequency of aggression with unexpected, inverse directionality. Moreover, respondents' affect and other emotional states were only associated with the frequency, not the prevalence, of aggressive behavior. Overall, this daily data collection constructively distinguished risk and protective factors for behaving aggressively more often. Further research is needed to disentangle the extent to which affective states drive or is a consequence of frequent aggressive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mumford
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Bruce G Taylor
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Poulami Maitra
- Statistics and Data Science, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wesarg C, Van den Akker AL, Oei NY, Wiers RW, Staaks J, Thayer JF, Williams DP, Hoeve M. Childhood adversity and vagal regulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 143:104920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
Zhang Q, Song D, Liu Y, Chang L, Li C, Li Y. Sleep quality, caregiver burden, and individual resilience among parents of children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 135:108873. [PMID: 35973374 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents caring for children with epilepsy have poor sleep quality and experience a certain level of caregiving burden. Individual resilience is a crucial psychological variable that contributes to health during extraordinary challenges. This study aimed to determine the relationships among individual resilience, caregiver burden, and sleep quality. METHODS This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a convenience sample, following the STROBE guidelines. One hundred and ninety-one parents of children with epilepsy were invited to participate in the study. Of these, 173 participants completed measures of sleep quality, caregiver burden, and individual resilience. Path analysis was performed to probe the indirect relationship between individual resilience and sleep quality via caregiver burden. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed that individual resilience total scores were significantly and marginally negatively correlated with caregiver burden and sleep quality total scores (r = -0.215, P <.01; r = -0.250, P <.01). Moreover, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between the total caregiver burden scores and total sleep quality scores (r = 0.389, P <.001). The path model showed that individual resilience is indirectly associated with sleep quality via caregiver burden. CONCLUSION The higher the level of individual resilience, the less the caregiver burden and the better the sleep quality for parents of children with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Dongyu Song
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Lixia Chang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Yuli Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Longstanding health risk across the life course: The influence of early-life experience on health status throughout the life span. J Biosoc Sci 2022:1-27. [PMID: 36120813 DOI: 10.1017/s002193202200027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study tracked the longstanding effect of childhood adversities on health status over the course of a life. This study used the data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study which was a nationally representative survey and documented the generation who had arrived in the middle- and old-age phase and experienced the difficult time in the early founding of PR China in their childhood. Results shown the significant associations between multiple forms of children adversities (economic distress, child neglect, child abuse, lack of friends, parental mental health problems) and health status in adolescence (from 0.068 to 0.102, p<0.01), and health status in mid and late adulthood, including self-rated general health problems (from 0.039 to 0.061, p<0.01), chronic conditions (from 0.014 to 0.120, p<0.01 except for lack of friends), body aches (from 0.016 to 0.062, p<0.01 except for child neglect), and depression (from 0.047 to 0.112, p<0.01). Meanwhile, results also shown an underlying pathway (i.e., health status in adolescence) linking childhood adversities and health status in mid and late adulthood. Results suggested that the experience of multiple forms of adversities in childhood represented a substantial source of health risk throughout life.
Collapse
|
23
|
Witt A, Öz Y, Sachser C, Brähler E, Glaesmer H, Fegert JM. Validation and standardization of the Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS) in the general population. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:73. [PMID: 36050773 PMCID: PMC9438230 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A valid, quick and widely applicable retrospective screening tool for child maltreatment is of great importance to better adapt interventions and treatments. The Childhood Trauma Screener (CTS), derived from the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), is one such instrument that aims to increase the likelihood of detecting mental and physical disorders that have manifested in adulthood as a result of traumatic experiences and maltreatment in childhood and adolescence. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the CTS and generate normative data. METHODS Data from two representative surveys were combined. Both surveys used identical methods. The CTS, consisting of five items, other self-report instruments, and demographic characteristics were used. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A subsample was used to examine convergent validity with the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE). Normative data are reported for age groups and gender. RESULTS A total of 5039 study participants provided valid responses to the 5-items questionnaire (54.3% female, response rate = 78.9%). CFA showed good fit indices for a 2-factor solution. Convergent validity was generally supported by moderate intercorrelations with the ACE. CONCLUSIONS The results confirm the solid psychometric properties of the CTS as an easy-to-use, ultra-short retrospective measure of child maltreatment. The data can be used to compare sample or individual results with reference data provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Witt
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Steinhövelstr.1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yusuf Öz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Steinhövelstr.1, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Cedric Sachser
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Steinhövelstr.1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany ,grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- grid.9647.c0000 0004 7669 9786Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg M. Fegert
- grid.6582.90000 0004 1936 9748Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, Ulm University, Steinhövelstr.1, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xiang X, Cho J, Sun Y, Wang X. Childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:935254. [PMID: 36051218 PMCID: PMC9424901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life and explored the potential moderation effect of gender and race. Methods The study sample included 15,133 participants of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2016 surveys) who had complete data on key study measures and were more than 50. The outcome variable is a dichotomous indicator of cognitive impairment as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status for self-respondents and the 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly for proxies. A total of six childhood adversity indicators included grade retention, parental substance abuse, physical abuse, trouble with the police, moving due to financial hardship, and receipt of help due to financial hardship in early life. The estimation of the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment involved Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Grade retention had the largest effect on incident cognitive impairment (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.23-1.38, p < 0.001), followed by physical abuse by a parent (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.20, p = 0.001). The impact of grade retention was more detrimental to women than men (interaction term HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-1.00, p = 0.048, female as the reference). Parental substance abuse was associated with a lower risk of incident cognitive impairment for most racial groups (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83-0.95, p = 0.001), but this association was reversed in "non-Hispanic other" race, consisting mainly of Asians (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05-2.26, p = 0.025). Discussion Some aspects of childhood adversity continue to harm cognitive functioning in later life, while some events may have the opposite effect, with evidence of heterogeneity across gender and race.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xiang
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joonyoung Cho
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yihang Sun
- School of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiafei Wang
- School of Social Work, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banica I, Sandre A, Shields GS, Slavich GM, Weinberg A. Associations between lifetime stress exposure and the error-related negativity (ERN) differ based on stressor characteristics and exposure timing in young adults. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:672-689. [PMID: 33821458 PMCID: PMC8490486 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Life stress increases risk for multiple forms of psychopathology, in part by altering neural processes involved in performance monitoring. However, the ways in which these stress-cognition effects are influenced by the specific timing and types of life stressors experienced remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we examined how different social-psychological characteristics and developmental timing of stressors are related to the error-related negativity (ERN), a negative-going deflection in the event-related potential (ERP) waveform that is observed from 0 to 100 ms following error commission. A sample of 203 emerging adults performed an ERN-eliciting arrow flanker task and completed an interview-based measure of lifetime stress exposure. Adjusting for stress severity during other developmental periods, there was a small-to-medium effect of stress on performance monitoring, such that more severe total stress exposure, as well as more severe social-evaluative stress in particular, experienced during early adolescence significantly predicted an enhanced ERN. These results suggest that early adolescence may be a sensitive developmental period during which stress exposure may result in lasting adaptations to neural networks implicated in performance monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Grant S Shields
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montréal, Québec, H3A 1G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bou Khalil R, Risch N, Sleilaty G, Richa S, Seneque M, Lefebvre P, Sultan A, Avignon A, Maimoun L, Renard E, Courtet P, Guillaume S. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) variations in relationship with childhood maltreatment in patients with anorexia nervosa: a retrospective cohort study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2201-2212. [PMID: 35128621 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness. It is frequently accompanied by a history of childhood maltreatment (CM) that may constitute a specific ecophenotype in patients with eating disorders necessitating special assessment and management. This retrospective study tested whether in patients with AN, CM-related chronic stress may manifest through low-grade inflammation reflected by an increase in white blood cell ratios (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio). METHODS Participants (N = 206) were enrolled at an eating disorder daycare unit in Montpellier, France, from March 2013 and January 2020. CM was assessed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the MINI were used to assess AN severity and the other clinical characteristics, respectively. RESULTS NLR was higher in patients with AN and history of CM (p = 0.029) and in patients with AN and history of emotional abuse (p = 0.021), compared with patients with AN without history of CM. In multivariate analysis, emotional abuse (β = 0.17; p = 0.027) contributed significantly to NLR variability. CONCLUSION In patients with AN, NLR is a low-grade inflammation marker that is influenced by various sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors. It is more directly affected by some CM types, especially emotional abuse, than by the presence/absence of CM history. Future studies should focus on mediators between CM and increased inflammation, such as interoceptive awareness, emotional dysregulation, food addiction, and stress sensitization. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III. Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - N Risch
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - G Sleilaty
- Clinical Research Center and Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - S Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint Joseph University-Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Seneque
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - P Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Sultan
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Avignon
- Desbrest Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - L Maimoun
- University of Montpellier, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - E Renard
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Courtet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, 34295, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fiskum C, Johns UT, Andersen TG, Jacobsen K. Parents’ Experiences of Change in Developmental and Transactional Processes After Time-Limited Intersubjective Child Psychotherapy – A Qualitative Study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:898389. [PMID: 35910974 PMCID: PMC9326770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.898389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychopathology in children cannot be understood without considering developmental processes and transactional relationships, particularly the relationship with caregivers. Time-limited intersubjective child psychotherapy (TIC) is a developmental and transactional approach aimed at helping children and caregivers get back on healthier developmental trajectories. Core developmental processes, such as self-other-regulation and affect integration, are considered particularly important for healthy function and transactions with caregivers and contexts. Therefore, TIC seeks to strengthen core developmental processes in the child and the caregivers’ ability to scaffold the child’s development. This is achieved through parallel child therapy and parent sessions. The current study is a qualitative study of parents’ experiences of change after TIC. The study explores parents’ perception of change in their child, themselves, and their transactions, and what they experienced as helpful in therapy.Materials and MethodsNine semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with parents (n = 13) of nine children aged 9–12 years with internalizing difficulties after completing TIC. The data were analyzed with thematic analysis.ResultsThe parents described positive changes in the children’s ability to understand, regulate and express themselves. The parents also described positive changes in their parenting, and for all nine children the parents reported positive changes in the transactions between themselves and the child. Most parents saw the parallel child and parental sessions as particularly important, while several parents mentioned play and the therapeutic focus.DiscussionParents’ description of changes after TIC indicate that the parents perceived their children as strengthened in core developmental processes important for intersubjective exchanges such as self-regulation and affect integration. In addition, parents saw their children and their own contributions more clearly, and their transactions were described as more supportive and positive.ConclusionThe results from this study give support to TIC as a developmentally supportive approach to therapy, with potential effects on children’s core developmental processes, their parents’ ability to both see and scaffold the child’s development and positive effects on the transactions between children and parents. The positive effects likely result from the integration of the different parts of TIC and the synergies taking place between them, rather than any one component by itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fiskum
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Charlotte Fiskum,
| | - Unni Tanum Johns
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karl Jacobsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schär S, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Schmidt SJ, Koenig J, Kaess M. Child maltreatment and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100987. [PMID: 35202606 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and its effector hormone cortisol have been proposed as one possible mechanism linking child maltreatment experiences to health disparities. In this series of meta-analyses, we aimed to quantify the existing evidence on the effect of child maltreatment on various measures of HPA axis activity. The systematic literature search yielded 1,858 records, of which 87 studies (k = 132) were included. Using random-effects models, we found evidence for blunted cortisol stress reactivity in individuals exposed to child maltreatment. In contrast, no overall differences were found in any of the other HPA axis activity measures (including measures of daily activity, cortisol assessed in the context of pharmacological challenges and cumulative measures of cortisol secretion). The impact of several moderators (e.g., sex, psychopathology, study quality), the role of methodological shortcomings of existing studies, as well as potential directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina Schär
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie J Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany; Section for Experimental Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cao H, Ma R, Li X, Liang Y, Wu Q, Chi P, Li JB, Zhou N. Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Adulthood Romantic Relationship Well-Being: A Multilevel, Meta-Analytic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:778-794. [PMID: 33267741 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020975895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, research on the link between childhood emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being has been accumulating, but there still lacks a systematic, quantitative evaluation of existing research. This three-level, meta-analysis aimed to fill this gap. Reports were included if they examined the link between early emotional maltreatment and adulthood romantic relationship well-being, presented statistics needed to calculate at least one bivariate effect size, written in English, and published/written before January 1, 2020. We retrieved 201 effect sizes from 23 reports. Early emotional maltreatment (aggregated across forms) was negatively (yet modestly) associated with later romantic relationship well-being (aggregated across dimensions; r = -.143, 95% confidence interval [-.173, -.114], p < .001). This association did not vary as a function of maltreatment form but differed across relationship well-being dimensions, such that the effect was stronger for the negative than for the positive relationship outcomes. We also found that (a) the actor effect was larger than the partner effect, (b) the effect was stronger in studies using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) than in studies not using CTQ, (c) whether using established measures of relationship well-being did not alter the effect, (d) the absolute magnitude of effect was negatively associated with methodological rigor of effect, and (e) the effect did not vary as functions of publication type, whether the sample was a college student sample, or union status, and was not related to the mean of union duration. Last, the limitations of existing research, avenues for future inquiries, and implications for practice were noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Cao
- Institute of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Education, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Rongzi Ma
- Faculty of Psychology, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Family Studies and Human Development, 8041The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yue Liang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Department of Psychology, 59193University of Macau, China
| | - Peilian Chi
- Department of Psychology, 59193University of Macau, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, 66390The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Educational Psychology and School Counseling, Faculty of Education, 47836Beijing Normal University, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Reindl V, Schippers A, Tenbrock K, Job AK, Gerloff C, Lohaus A, Heinrichs N, Konrad K. Caregiving quality modulates neuroendocrine and immunological markers in young children in foster care who have experienced early adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 63:535-543. [PMID: 34327711 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adversity is believed to alter the body's stress-response systems, putting children at increased risk for somatic and mental health problems. However, it remains unclear whether such alterations normalize under improved caregiving experiences. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate (a) whether children in foster care show endocrine and immunological alterations relative to children living with their biological families, (b) whether these alterations change over time spent with the foster family, and (c) whether the alterations are modulated by current caregiving experiences. METHODS A total of 94 children in foster care and 157 biological children, aged two to seven years, took part in a longitudinal study with three assessments conducted over a 12-month study period. At the initial assessment, children lived for an average of 18 months with their current foster families. Children's cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and progesterone concentrations and cortisol/DHEA ratios were measured in scalp hair and children's secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in saliva. Caregiving quality was assessed based on caregiver-reports and observational measures of caregiver-child interactions. RESULTS Children in foster care had lower cortisol/DHEA ratios and higher progesterone concentrations than biological children, while no group differences were found for cortisol, DHEA or sIgA. Time spent with the current foster family did not significantly influence the child's endocrine or immunological markers. Importantly, caregiving quality modulated cortisol/DHEA ratios and sIgA concentrations: children in foster care of lower caregiving quality had lower cortisol/DHEA ratios than children in foster care of higher caregiving quality and showed decreasing, rather than increasing, sIgA concentrations across the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that caregiving quality in the foster family may have an important modulating effect on selected indicators of the child's stress response and could thereby mitigate the possible consequences of early childhood adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Reindl
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Job
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Department of Psychology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Institute of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Assessment, Department of Psychology, University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen and Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee AH, Brown E. Examining the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy on children and adolescents' executive function. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 126:105516. [PMID: 35093801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and adolescents impacted by childhood trauma often demonstrate executive function difficulties, which negatively affect self-regulation and potentiate the risk for trauma-related psychopathology and functional impairment. Evidence-based treatments for traumatized youth such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) aim to equip youth directly with skills for effective self-regulation and may thus also improve executive function. Moreover, adolescence is a sensitive period for executive function development, and interventions aimed at improving executive function may confer greater benefits for adolescents relative to school-aged children. No study has examined executive function improvements during TF-CBT or the potential differences in these outcomes between children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we examined changes in caregiver-reported executive function difficulties during TF-CBT among children ages 6 to 11 and adolescents ages 12 to 17. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 278 racially and ethnically diverse youth with interpersonal trauma histories and their caregivers enrolled in a community-based effectiveness trial of TF-CBT in an urban setting. Caregivers reported on youth executive function at pre, mid, and posttreatment assessments. RESULTS Both children and adolescents demonstrated reductions in global executive function difficulties during TF-CBT. Improvements were seen across domains of emotional, behavioral, and attentional control and problem solving, with larger effect sizes for adolescents. Follow-up analyses indicated that executive function improvements were positively associated with PTSD symptom reduction in adolescents, but not in children. CONCLUSIONS Findings add to the growing evidence of the effectiveness of TF-CBT among youth and highlight caregiver-reported executive function as a potential treatment target during TF-CBT.
Collapse
|
32
|
Lippard ETC, Nemeroff CB. Going beyond risk factor: Childhood maltreatment and associated modifiable targets to improve life-long outcomes in mood disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 215:173361. [PMID: 35219755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment increases risk for mood disorders and is associated with earlier onset-and more pernicious disease course following onset-of mood disorders. While the majority of studies to date have been cross-sectional, longitudinal studies are emerging and support the devastating role(s) childhood maltreatment has on development of, and illness course in, mood disorders. This manuscript extends prior reviews to emphasize more recent work, highlighting longitudinal data, and discusses treatment studies that provide clues to mechanisms that mediate disease risk, course, relapse, and treatment response. Evidence suggesting systemic inflammation, alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neural systems, genetic and other familial factors as mechanisms that mediate risk and onset of, and illness course in, mood disorders following childhood maltreatment is discussed. Risky behaviors following maltreatment, e.g., substance use and unhealthy lifestyles, may further exacerbate alterations in the HPA axis, CRF neural systems, and systematic inflammation to contribute to a more pernicious disease course. More research on sex differences and the impact of maltreatment in vulnerable populations is needed. Future research needs to be aimed at leveraging knowledge on modifiable targets, going beyond childhood maltreatment as a risk factor, to inform prevention and treatment strategies and foster trauma-informed care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T C Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Mulva Clinic for Neuroscience, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Charles B Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA; Mulva Clinic for Neuroscience, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Childhood adversity and approach/avoidance-related behaviour in boys. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:421-429. [PMID: 35275248 PMCID: PMC9007772 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity has been suggested to affect the vulnerability for developmental psychopathology, including both externalizing and internalizing symptoms. This study examines spontaneous attention biases for negative and positive emotional facial expressions as potential intermediate phenotypes. In detail, typically developing boys (6-13 years) underwent an eye-tracking paradigm displaying happy, angry, sad and fearful faces. An approach bias towards positive emotional facial expressions with increasing childhood adversity levels was found. In addition, an attention bias away from negative facial expressions was observed with increasing childhood adversity levels, especially for sad facial expressions. The results might be interpreted in terms of emotional regulation strategies in boys at risk for reactive aggression and depressive behaviour.
Collapse
|
34
|
Weiler LM, Lee SK, Zhang J, Ausherbauer K, Schwartz SEO, Kanchewa SS, Taussig HN. Mentoring Children in Foster Care: Examining Relationship Histories as Moderators of Intervention Impact on Children's Mental Health and Trauma Symptoms. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 69:100-113. [PMID: 34312883 PMCID: PMC8789940 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mentoring-based interventions show promise among children in foster care, but previous research suggests that some benefit more than others. Because children in foster care experience relationship disruptions that could affect mentoring effectiveness, we examined whether children's relational histories at baseline (i.e., relationship quality with birth parents, relationship quality with foster parents, caregiver instability, and previous mentoring experience) moderated the impact of a mentoring intervention on children's mental health, trauma symptoms, and quality of life. Participants included 426 racially and ethnically diverse children (age: 9-11; 52% male) who participated in a randomized controlled trial of the Fostering Healthy Futures program (FHF), a 9-month one-to-one mentoring and skills group intervention. Results showed that relationship quality with foster parents and prior mentoring experience did not moderate intervention impact. Relationship quality with birth parents and caregiver instability pre-program, however, moderated the effect on some outcomes. The impact on quality of life was stronger for children with weaker birth parent relationships and fewer caregiver changes. Likewise, the impact on trauma symptoms was stronger for those with fewer caregiver changes. Overall, FHF seems to positively impact children with varied relational histories, yet some may derive more benefits - particularly those with fewer caregiver changes pre-program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Weiler
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jingchen Zhang
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kadie Ausherbauer
- Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minnesota Trauma Recovery Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Stella S Kanchewa
- Department of Psychology, Bellarmine University, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Heather N Taussig
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Kempe Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chuang YC, Wang CY, Huang WL, Wang LJ, Kuo HC, Chen YC, Huang YJ. Two meta-analyses of the association between atopic diseases and core symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3377. [PMID: 35232975 PMCID: PMC8888762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in the field of neuroscience and psychology have hypothesized that a causal association exists between atopic diseases and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported a higher risk of ADHD in children with atopic diseases; however, the relationship between ADHD symptoms and atopic diseases remains unclear. We systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional and longitudinal studies to investigate the relationship between atopic diseases and ADHD symptom severity (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention). The majority of studies showed a statistically significant association between atopic diseases and both ADHD symptoms, with substantial heterogeneity in the outcome of hyperactivity/impulsivity. Remarkably decreased heterogeneity and statistical significance were observed in the second meta-analysis of ADHD-related behavior symptoms in atopic patients without ADHD. Our study indicated that atopic diseases not only associated with ADHD but also ADHD symptoms severity. This association was even observed in children with subthreshold ADHD, indicating that atopic diseases may play a role in the spectrum of ADHD symptom severity. Trial registration: This study was registered on PROSPERO (registration ID: CRD42020213219).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chuang
- Department of General Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jui Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lifetime adversity interacts with peritraumatic data-driven processing to predict intrusive memories. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2022; 74:101688. [PMID: 34717140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although most trauma survivors experience some intrusive recollections of the traumatic event, only few subsequently develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A well-established proximal risk-factor predictive of post-trauma psychopathology is peritraumatic cognitive processing. Another, more distal risk-factor is pre-trauma lifetime adversity. The present experimental analogue study tested the hypothesis that pre-trauma lifetime adversity interacts with peritraumatic perceptual (i.e., data-driven) processing to predict intrusive memory development. METHODS Fifty-three young adult women (non-clinical sample) indicated how much data-driven and conceptual processing they had engaged in while watching aversive film-clips (i.e., analogue trauma). On the subsequent three days, they reported intrusions of those clips. Moderation analyses tested for an interaction effect between lifetime adversity and data-driven processing in predicting intrusion load (number of intrusions weighted for their overall distress). RESULTS Increased data-driven processing predicted intrusion load primarily in individuals reporting more than three lifetime adversities, explaining 55% of variance. No such relationship was found for conceptual processing. LIMITATIONS Present analogue findings have yet to be replicated in a clinical population. Moreover, the conceptual processing scale was restricted by low internal consistency. CONCLUSION Present findings support the idea that intrusions are the result of poorly elaborated and primarily perceptually-formed memory traces; however, this was primarily the case in vulnerable individuals reporting several lifetime adversities. Results replicate the importance of peritraumatic processing in intrusion development but additionally point to a moderating effect of lifetime adversity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Patterson SK, Strum SC, Silk JB. Early life adversity has long-term effects on sociality and interaction style in female baboons. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212244. [PMID: 35105243 PMCID: PMC8808103 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Social bonds enhance fitness in many group-living animals, generating interest in the processes that create individual variation in sociality. Previous work on female baboons shows that early life adversity and temperament both influence social connectedness in adulthood. Early life adversity might shape sociality by reducing ability to invest in social relationships or through effects on attractiveness as a social partner. We examine how females' early life adversity predicts sociality and temperament in wild olive baboons, and evaluate whether temperament mediates the relationship between early life adversity and sociality. We use behavioural data on 31 females to quantify sociality. We measure interaction style as the tendency to produce grunts (signals of benign intent) in contexts in which the vocalization does not produce immediate benefits to the actor. Early life adversity was negatively correlated with overall sociality, but was a stronger predictor of social behaviours received than behaviours initiated. Females who experienced less early life adversity had more benign interaction styles and benign interaction styles were associated with receiving more social behaviours. Interaction style may partially mediate the association between early life adversity and sociality. These analyses add to our growing understanding of the processes connecting early life experiences to adult sociality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam K. Patterson
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shirley C. Strum
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA,Uaso Ngiro Baboon Project, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joan B. Silk
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA,Institute for Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Leung DYL, Chan ACY, Ho GWK. Resilience of Emerging Adults After Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Qualitative Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2022; 23:163-181. [PMID: 32588765 DOI: 10.1177/1524838020933865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Even as children experience adversity, they can become resilient adults, in large part due to their social supports as emerging adults. OBJECTIVE Authors examine constructs of social support applied to the concept of resilience among emerging adults having experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACE). METHOD Authors conducted a meta-ethnography with six databases between January 1998 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) original peer-reviewed qualitative or mixed-method studies, (ii) sampling adults aged 18-35 years, (iii) reporting at least one ACE as defined by the World Health Organization, (iv) focused on resilience, and (v) in English. Data were collected from six electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar). Studies were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Qualitative Checklist. Analysis drew on Bourdieu's constructs of capital following Noblit and Hare's methods. RESULTS Thirteen studies of 277 emerging adults, aged 18-35 years old (mean 23 years), from six countries, reported resilience as "self-righting" appraisals. These were interdependent of their social supports and within a culturally determined sense of self-reliance. Self-reliance appeared to be a precursor shaping resilience of emerging adults with ACE. Self-reliance may deter self-compassion and, as a self-righting appraisal/capacity, may inhibit accessing social support. CONCLUSION This review emphasizes the life stage of emerging adulthood regarding the development of self-righting appraisal skills, which, when enabled with reliance, others help to transform ACEs and allow resilience to grow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y L Leung
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Athena C Y Chan
- Deparment of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Grace W K Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Buimer EEL, Brouwer RM, Mandl RCW, Pas P, Schnack HG, Hulshoff Pol HE. Adverse childhood experiences and fronto-subcortical structures in the developing brain. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:955871. [PMID: 36276329 PMCID: PMC9582338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.955871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) differs between individuals and depends on the type and timing of the ACE. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between various recently occurred ACEs and morphology in the developing brain of children between 8 and 11 years of age. We measured subcortical volumes, cortical thickness, cortical surface area and fractional anisotropy in regions of interest in brain scans acquired in 1,184 children from the YOUth cohort. ACEs were based on parent-reports of recent experiences and included: financial problems; parental mental health problems; physical health problems in the family; substance abuse in the family; trouble with police, justice or child protective services; change in household composition; change in housing; bereavement; divorce or conflict in the family; exposure to violence in the family and bullying victimization. We ran separate linear models for each ACE and each brain measure. Results were adjusted for the false discovery rate across regions of interest. ACEs were reported for 83% of children in the past year. Children were on average exposed to two ACEs. Substance abuse in the household was associated with larger cortical surface area in the left superior frontal gyrus, t(781) = 3.724, p FDR = 0.0077, right superior frontal gyrus, t(781) = 3.409, p FDR = 0.0110, left pars triangularis, t(781) = 3.614, p FDR = 0.0077, left rostral middle frontal gyrus, t(781) = 3.163, p FDR = 0.0195 and right caudal anterior cingulate gyrus, t(781) = 2.918, p FDR = 0.0348. Household exposure to violence (was associated with lower fractional anisotropy in the left and right cingulum bundle hippocampus region t(697) = -3.154, p FDR = 0.0101 and t(697) = -3.401, p FDR = 0.0085, respectively. Lower household incomes were more prevalent when parents reported exposure to violence and the mean parental education in years was lower when parents reported substance abuse in the family. No other significant associations with brain structures were found. Longer intervals between adversity and brain measurements and longitudinal measurements may reveal whether more evidence for the impact of ACEs on brain development will emerge later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E L Buimer
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - René C W Mandl
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Pas
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Languages, Literature and Communication, Faculty of Humanities, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mercurio AE, Hong F, Amir C, Tarullo AR, Samkavitz A, Ashy M, Malley-Morrison K. Relationships Among Childhood Maltreatment, Limbic System Dysfunction, and Eating Disorders in College Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:520-537. [PMID: 32228345 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520912590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking childhood maltreatment and eating pathology are not fully understood. We examined the mediating role of limbic system dysfunction in the relationships between three forms of childhood maltreatment (parental psychological maltreatment, parental physical maltreatment, and parental emotional neglect) and eating disorder symptoms. A convenience sample of college women (N = 246, M age = 19.62, SD = 2.41) completed measures of maltreatment (Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales and the Parental Bonding Instrument), limbic system dysfunction (Limbic System Questionnaire), and eating pathology (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire). We hypothesized that there would be an indirect effect of each type of childhood maltreatment on eating disorder symptoms via limbic system irritability. Results generally supported the hypotheses. Examination of the individual paths that defined the indirect effect indicated that higher reported childhood maltreatment was associated with greater limbic irritability symptoms, and higher limbic irritability symptomatology was related to higher total eating disorder scores. There were no significant direct effects for any of the proposed models. Findings are in line with research supporting the role of limbic system dysfunction as a possible pathway in the maltreatment-eating disorder link. Given that limbic system dysfunction may underlie behavioral symptoms of eating disorders, efforts targeting limbic system dysfunction associated with child maltreatment might best be undertaken at an early developmental stage, although interventions for college women struggling with eating disorders are also crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Majed Ashy
- Adult and Child Therapy Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Decision-making and cognitive control in adolescent suicidal behaviors: a qualitative systematic review of the literature. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1839-1855. [PMID: 32388626 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide and suicidal behaviors represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during adolescence. While several lines of evidence suggest that suicidal behaviors are associated with risky decisions and deficient cognitive control in laboratory tasks in adults, comparatively less is known about adolescents. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between these neurocognitive variables and adolescent suicidal behaviors. The online search strategy identified 17 neurocognitive studies examining either cognitive control or decision-making processes in adolescents with past suicidal behaviors. Several studies have reported that adolescents with a history of suicidal behaviors present neuropsychological differences in the cognitive control (using Go/NoGo, suicide Stroop Test, continuous performance test, suicide/death Implicit Association Test), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task, Cambridge Gambling Task, cost computation, delay discounting, loss aversion tasks) domains. Due to a lack of replication or conflicting findings, our systematic review suggests that no firm conclusion can be drawn as to whether altered decision-making or poor cognitive control contribute to adolescent suicidal behaviors. However, these results collectively suggest that further research is warranted. Limitations included scarcity of longitudinal studies and a lack of homogeneity in study designs, which precluded quantitative analysis. We propose remediating ways to continue neuropsychological investigations of suicide risk in adolescence, which could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and predictive markers, enabling early intervention in suicidal youth.
Collapse
|
42
|
Marques-Feixa L, Moya-Higueras J, Romero S, Santamarina-Pérez P, Rapado-Castro M, Zorrilla I, Martín M, Anglada E, Lobato MJ, Ramírez M, Moreno N, Mayoral M, Marín-Vila M, Arias B, Fañanás L. Risk of Suicidal Behavior in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Maltreatment: The Mediating Role of Borderline Personality Traits and Recent Stressful Life Events. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225293. [PMID: 34830576 PMCID: PMC8624661 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with increased non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior (SB), independently of demographic and mental health conditions. Self-Trauma Theory and Linehan’s Biopsychosocial Model might explain the emergence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms as mediators of the association between CM and the risk of SB. However, little is known regarding such relationships when the exposure is recent for young persons. Here, we study 187 youths aged 7–17, with or without mental disorders. We explore CM experiences (considering the severity and frequency of different forms of neglect and abuse), recent stressful life events (SLEs), some BPD traits (emotion dysregulation, intense anger and impulsivity), and the risk of SB (including NSSI, suicide threat, suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt). We study the direct and mediating relationships between these variables via a structural equation analysis using the statistical software package EQS. Our findings suggest that youths exposed to more severe/frequent CM have more prominent BPD traits, and are more likely to have experienced recent SLEs. In turn, BPD traits increase the risk of SLEs. However, only emotion dysregulation and recent SLEs were found to be correlated with SB. Therefore, targeted interventions on emotion dysregulation are necessary to prevent NSSI or SB in children and adolescents exposed to CM, as is the minimization of further SLEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Marques-Feixa
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Jorge Moya-Higueras
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Psychology and Social Work, University of Lleida, Av. de I’Estudi General, 4, 25001 Lleida, Spain
| | - Soledad Romero
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Santamarina-Pérez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR88, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C/Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), C/Rosselló, 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rapado-Castro
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, C. Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, C/Alan Gilbert, 161, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Iñaki Zorrilla
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Santiago Apostol, Olagibel Kalea, 29, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Adolescent Crisis Unit, Hospital Benito Menni, C/Pablo Picasso, 12, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Eulalia Anglada
- Hospital for Adolescents, Fundació Orienta, c/Sant Lluís, 64, 08850 Gavà, Spain;
| | - María José Lobato
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, C/Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain; (M.J.L.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Maite Ramírez
- Galdakao Mental Health Services, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, C/Ibaizabal, 6, 48960 Galdakao, Spain;
| | - Nerea Moreno
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
| | - María Mayoral
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, C. Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Marín-Vila
- Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital-Majadahonda, C/Joaquín Rodrigo, 1, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain; (M.J.L.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Bárbara Arias
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Biomedicine Institute of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Av Diagonal 643, 2n A, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-F.); (N.M.); (B.A.)
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-H.); (S.R.); (M.R.-C.); (I.Z.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Harris S. When it’s OK not to think: using the music of silence, sound and language to recover a live object for a child frozen into a ‘robot’ state of mind by trauma. JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0075417x.2021.1991082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Harris
- British Psychoanalytic Council (BPC), Tavistock Society of Psychotherapists (TSP)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gee DG. Early Adversity and Development: Parsing Heterogeneity and Identifying Pathways of Risk and Resilience. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:998-1013. [PMID: 34734741 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adversity early in life is common and is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology. Delineating the neurodevelopmental pathways by which early adversity affects mental health is critical for early risk identification and targeted treatment approaches. A rapidly growing cross-species literature has facilitated advances in identifying the mechanisms linking adversity with psychopathology, specific dimensions of adversity and timing-related factors that differentially relate to outcomes, and protective factors that buffer against the effects of adversity. Yet, vast complexity and heterogeneity in early environments and neurodevelopmental trajectories contribute to the challenges of understanding risk and resilience in the context of early adversity. In this overview, the author highlights progress in four major areas-mechanisms, heterogeneity, developmental timing, and protective factors; synthesizes key challenges; and provides recommendations for future research that can facilitate progress in the field. Translation across species and ongoing refinement of conceptual models have strong potential to inform prevention and intervention strategies that can reduce the immense burden of psychopathology associated with early adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Austin MK, White II, Kim AW. Parental incarceration and child physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood: A critical review and multilevel model of potential pathways. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23691. [PMID: 34665892 PMCID: PMC9016086 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently 2.2 million people incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails, representing a 500% increase over the past 40 years. An emerging literature suggests the impact of mass incarceration extends beyond the prison, jail, or detention center to the families of incarcerated individuals. Less scholarship has considered consequences of parental incarceration for their children's physical health. METHODS We conduct a critical review of the literature investigating an association between parental incarceration and children's physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood. RESULTS Studies varied substantially in study design, sample composition, and methodological approach. Most studies suggest an association between parental incarceration and adverse physical health outcomes. Evidence is more consistent for outcomes such as infant and child mortality, lower healthcare access, and negative health behaviors and more mixed for measures such as self-reported/general health. CONCLUSION We propose a multilevel model of mechanistic pathways to stimulate future research on the potential pathways through which parental incarceration could influence children's physical health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makeda K Austin
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Inez I White
- Ingalls Memorial Hospital, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ho GWK, Chan ACY, Shevlin M, Karatzias T, Chan PS, Leung D. Childhood Adversity, Resilience, and Mental Health: A Sequential Mixed-Methods Study of Chinese Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP10345-NP10370. [PMID: 31524036 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519876034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resilience is a key health protective factor for those with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), but little research has explored how it manifests in early adulthood or across cultures. The purpose of this study was to generate a fuller understanding of resilience and its contribution to the relationships between mental health problems and ACEs among Chinese young adults in Hong Kong. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, 433 Chinese young adults aged 18 to 24 years were surveyed online to examine the relationships between ACEs, resilience, and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, maladjustment, and posttraumatic stress symptoms). Among them, 34 participants with ACEs were purposively selected and interviewed to explore cultural factors that influenced their resilience. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple hierarchical regression analyses; qualitative data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Higher cumulative ACE exposure was associated with higher severity of adjustment disorder and odds for screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorders, but not for symptoms of depression or anxiety. Resilience significantly contributed to explaining variances across all mental health outcomes over and beyond ACEs and in a protective fashion. Four themes emerged from qualitative interviews: (a) Privacy, emotional restraint, and "saving face"; (b) Conforming to preserve harmony; (c) A will to excel; and (d) Viewing adversity as a matter of luck. These findings suggest Chinese young adults' resilience was influenced by cultural norms of restraint, conformity, competition, and superstition. The present study provides a model for future studies using a mixed-methods design to deeply examine resilience among younger people exposed to early adversities within sociocultural, historical, or geographical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G W K Ho
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - A C Y Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - M Shevlin
- Ulster University, Derry, Northern Ireland
| | - T Karatzias
- Edinburgh Napier University, UK
- Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - D Leung
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bipin M, Premkumar P, Das MK, Lau JY, Sumich AL, Kumari V. Pituitary volume in people with chronic schizophrenia: Clarifying the roles of serious violence and childhood maltreatment. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 314:111323. [PMID: 34198012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in stress-linked hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function have been independently associated with schizophrenia, antisocial behaviour and childhood maltreatment. In this study, we examined pituitary volume (PV) in relation to childhood maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect) in men (i) with schizophrenia and a history of serious violence (n = 13), (ii) with schizophrenia but without a history of serious violence (n = 15), (iii) with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and a history of serious violence (n = 13), and (iv) healthy participants without a history of violence (n = 15). All participants underwent whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging. Experiences of childhood maltreatment were rated based on interviews (for all), and case history and clinical/forensic records (for patients only). There was a trend for smaller PV, on average, in schizophrenia patients (regardless of a history of violence), compared to the healthy group and the ASPD group; other group differences in PV were non-significant. Sexual abuse ratings correlated negatively with PVs in ASPD participants, but no significant association between childhood maltreatment and PV was found in schizophrenia participants. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence of smaller-than-normal PV in chronic schizophrenia patients, and suggest that illness-related influences may mask the possible sexual abuse-smaller PV association, seen here in ASPD, in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minal Bipin
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Preethi Premkumar
- Division of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, Southbank University of London, UK
| | | | - Jennifer Yf Lau
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Alex L Sumich
- Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK; Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Cox A, Frederico M, Mosse H, Radford L, Ambry D, Ryan C. Australian Maltreated Infants and Young Children Can Achieve Positive Relational Health With Neurodevelopmentally- and Trauma-Informed Interventions Provided Within Relationally-Positive and Stable Environments. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680343. [PMID: 34393846 PMCID: PMC8355362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment such as abuse, neglect and family violence has a profound impact on children's psychological and relational functioning and their lifelong trajectory, with associated adverse physical and mental health outcomes, higher mortality rates and reduced socioeconomic opportunities. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of neurodevelopmentally- and trauma-informed interventions on the relational health of children who have experienced maltreatment. Context: The study was conducted at Berry Street Take Two, an Australian therapeutic service. Take Two provides services to Victorian children aged 0-18 years, to address the impact of the trauma they have experienced from maltreatment. Take Two clinicians use relational and ecological frameworks, neurodevelopmental research and evidence-informed approaches to repair family relationships and develop networks of caring adults that focus on meeting the child's needs. Take Two uses the NMT approach as a framework for clinical intervention-planning and is site-certified in the use of the NMT Clinical Practice tools. Method: The mixed methods study had two components. A cross sectional study of baseline and repeat clinical measure data (HoNOSCA and SDQ) with a cohort of children aged 2-11 years (n = 91), who were clients of Berry Street Take Two between 2014 and 2019, was conducted utilizing SPSS. The quantitative data analysis was supplemented by three case studies of Berry Street Take Two clients, which explored the process of intervention, including intervention type, timing and dosage. The case studies drew on the full case record for each child to illustrate the impact of NMT-informed interventions on the relational health, psychological and behavioral functioning of children. Results: The study found that Take Two intervention was associated with improved relational health, measured by the NMT metric and supported by significant positive changes on the SDQ and HoNOSCA with medium effect sizes (cohen's d). The case study analysis highlighted the importance of intervention addressing individual, family and systems elements to bring about positive change. Conclusions: This study illustrates the value of neurodevelopmental trauma-informed interventions in positively impacting on the relational health and current functioning of maltreated children and the potential to reduce the lifelong impact of maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cox
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Margarita Frederico
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Mosse
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyn Radford
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas Ambry
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Ryan
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chang S, Hou Q, Wang C, Wang M, Wang L, Zhang W. Childhood maltreatment and violent delinquency in Chinese juvenile offenders: Callous-unemotional traits as a mediator. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 117:105085. [PMID: 33992875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents in China suffer a high prevalence of childhood maltreatment, which has been shown to facilitate juvenile violent delinquency. Studies have implicated a relationship between callous-unemotional traits and both juvenile violent delinquency and childhood maltreatment. However, the complex relationships among these three variables have not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of callous-unemotional traits in the relationship between different types of childhood maltreatment and juvenile violent delinquency. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Childhood maltreatment and callous-unemotional traits were assessed in a sample of 441 juvenile violent offenders and a control group of 543 non-offenders, using questionnaires. METHODS After controlling for socio-economic status, a mediation analysis determined the direct, indirect, and total effect of the mediation of callous-unemotional traits in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and juvenile violent delinquency. RESULTS The results showed no mediation of callous-unemotional traits in the relationship between physical abuse and juvenile violent delinquency. However, callous-unemotional traits mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and juvenile violent delinquency as well as between emotional neglect and juvenile violent delinquency. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that sexual abuse has both a direct and indirect effect on juvenile violent delinquency via callous-unemotional traits, whereas childhood emotional neglect had only an indirect effect on juvenile violent delinquency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Chang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 1, Da Xue Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250358, China.
| | - Qingqing Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 1, Da Xue Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250358, China.
| | - Chengyi Wang
- Department of Professional Basic Courses, Shandong Police College, No.54 Wenhua East Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250014, China.
| | - Meifang Wang
- Research Center for Child Development, College of Elementary Education, Capital Normal University, No.105 Xisan Huan Beilu, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 1, Da Xue Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250358, China.
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 1, Da Xue Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, 250358, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghinea D, Fuchs A, Parzer P, Koenig J, Resch F, Kaess M. Psychosocial functioning in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury: the roles of childhood maltreatment, borderline personality disorder and depression. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2021; 8:21. [PMID: 34193286 PMCID: PMC8246665 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of studies examining psychosocial functioning in patients with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), especially in adolescents, and rates of impaired functioning in existing literature vary considerably. These variations may be attributable to further risk factors that influence psychosocial functioning. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine whether adolescent NSSI patients with childhood maltreatment (CM), a known risk factor for lower psychosocial functioning, may differ from adolescent NSSI patients without CM, and whether these differences may be explained by the severity of comorbid disorders. Specifically, we examined whether severity of borderline personality disorder (BPD), depression and posttraumatic stress disorder may explain differences in psychosocial functioning in NSSI patients with and without CM. METHODS Data of 368 adolescents with NSSI disorder from an outpatient clinic were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Clinicans' rating of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) was collected, in addition to clinical interviews. RESULTS Results indicate that GAF scores were lower among NSSI patients with CM and that the difference in psychosocial functioning between these groups was explained by BPD and depression severity. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial functioning in NSSI patients varies depending on whether they have experienced CM or not. Specifically, these differences seem to be attributable to higher BPD and depression severity in adolescent NSSI patients with CM. Clinicians should ensure to assess CM and focus on BPD and depression severity in this population. Treatment of BPD and depression may notably reduce psychosocial impairment in NSSI patients with CM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Ghinea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Parzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|