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Han H, Liu H, Zhang B, Li Y, Li C, Cao H. Competitive relationships due to similar nutrient preferences reshape soil bacterial metacommunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:172956. [PMID: 38719036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Paddy soil, as an ecosystem with alternating drained and flooded conditions, microorganisms in it can maintain the stability of the ecosystem by regulating the composition and diversity of its species when disturbed by external biotic or abiotic factors, and the regulatory mechanism in this process is a controversial topic in ecological research. In this study, we investigate the effects of pigeon feces addition on bacterial communities in three textured soils, two conditions (drained and flooded) based on microcosm experiment using high-throughput sequencing techniques. Our results show that pigeon feces addition reduced environmental heterogeneity and community diversity, both under flooded and drained conditions and in all textured soils, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of environmental selection and increasing diffusion limitations among bacterial communities. Bacterial communities are altered by environmental factors including total organic carbon, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium, resulting in the formation of new community structures and dominant genera. Bacteria from pigeon feces did not colonize the original soil in large numbers, and the soil bacterial community structure changed, with some species replaced the indigenous ones as new dominant genera. As nutrient diffusion increases the nutrient content of the soil, this does not lead to species extinction; however, nutrient diffusion creates new nutrient preferences of the bacterial community, which causes direct competition between species, and contributes to the extinction and immigration species. Our results suggest that species replacement is an adaptive strategy of soil bacterial community in response to dispersal of pigeon feces, and that bacterial community regulate diversity and abundance of the community by enhancing species extinction and immigration, thereby preventing bacteria in pigeon feces from colonizing paddy soils and maintaining ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Hui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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2
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Wild AJ, Steiner FA, Kiene M, Tyborski N, Tung SY, Koehler T, Carminati A, Eder B, Groth J, Vahl WK, Wolfrum S, Lueders T, Laforsch C, Mueller CW, Vidal A, Pausch J. Unraveling root and rhizosphere traits in temperate maize landraces and modern cultivars: Implications for soil resource acquisition and drought adaptation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2526-2541. [PMID: 38515431 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A holistic understanding of plant strategies to acquire soil resources is pivotal in achieving sustainable food security. However, we lack knowledge about variety-specific root and rhizosphere traits for resource acquisition, their plasticity and adaptation to drought. We conducted a greenhouse experiment to phenotype root and rhizosphere traits (mean root diameter [Root D], specific root length [SRL], root tissue density, root nitrogen content, specific rhizosheath mass [SRM], arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [AMF] colonization) of 16 landraces and 22 modern cultivars of temperate maize (Zea mays L.). Our results demonstrate that landraces and modern cultivars diverge in their root and rhizosphere traits. Although landraces follow a 'do-it-yourself' strategy with high SRLs, modern cultivars exhibit an 'outsourcing' strategy with increased mean Root Ds and a tendency towards increased root colonization by AMF. We further identified that SRM indicates an 'outsourcing' strategy. Additionally, landraces were more drought-responsive compared to modern cultivars based on multitrait response indices. We suggest that breeding leads to distinct resource acquisition strategies between temperate maize varieties. Future breeding efforts should increasingly target root and rhizosphere economics, with SRM serving as a valuable proxy for identifying varieties employing an outsourcing resource acquisition strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Wild
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Franziska A Steiner
- Soil Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marvin Kiene
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Nicolas Tyborski
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Shu-Yin Tung
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tina Koehler
- Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Eder
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Jennifer Groth
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Wouter K Vahl
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL), Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolfrum
- Institute for Agroecology and Organic Farming, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Ecological Microbiology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carsten W Mueller
- Chair of Soil Science, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alix Vidal
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Agroecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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3
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Grassi A, Pagliarani I, Avio L, Cristani C, Rossi F, Turrini A, Giovannetti M, Agnolucci M. Bioprospecting for plant resilience to climate change: mycorrhizal symbionts of European and American beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria and Ammophila breviligulata) from maritime sand dunes. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:159-171. [PMID: 38625427 PMCID: PMC11166759 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and global warming have contributed to increase terrestrial drought, causing negative impacts on agricultural production. Drought stress may be addressed using novel agronomic practices and beneficial soil microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), able to enhance plant use efficiency of soil resources and water and increase plant antioxidant defence systems. Specific traits functional to plant resilience improvement in dry conditions could have developed in AMF growing in association with xerophytic plants in maritime sand dunes, a drought-stressed and low-fertility environment. The most studied of such plants are European beachgrass (Ammophila arenaria Link), native to Europe and the Mediterranean basin, and American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata Fern.), found in North America. Given the critical role of AMF for the survival of these beachgrasses, knowledge of the composition of AMF communities colonizing their roots and rhizospheres and their distribution worldwide is fundamental for the location and isolation of native AMF as potential candidates to be tested for promoting crop growth and resilience under climate change. This review provides quantitative and qualitative data on the occurrence of AMF communities of A. arenaria and A. breviligulata growing in European, Mediterranean basin and North American maritime sand dunes, as detected by morphological studies, trap culture isolation and molecular methods, and reports on their symbiotic performance. Moreover, the review indicates the dominant AMF species associated with the two Ammophila species and the common species to be further studied to assess possible specific traits increasing their host plants resilience toward drought stress under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Grassi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Irene Pagliarani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Avio
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Cristani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Turrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Manuela Giovannetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Agnolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Yadav RK, Purakayastha TJ, Bhaduri D, Das R, Dey S, Sukumaran S, Walia SS, Singh R, Shukla VK, Yadava MS, Ravisankar N. Development of unique soil organic carbon stability index under influence of integrated nutrient management in four major soil orders of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121208. [PMID: 38788413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) is pre-requisite for stabilization of C leading to long-term C sequestration. However, development of a comprehensive metric of SOC stability is a major challenge. The objectives for the study were to develop novel SOC stability indices by encompassing physical, chemical, and biochemical SOC stability parameters and identifying the most important indicators from a Mollisol, an Inceptisol, a Vertisol, and an Alfisol under long-term manuring and fertilization. The treatments were control, 100%NPK, 50% NPK+ 50% N through either farmyard manure, cereal residue, or green manure. SOC stability indicators were selected, transformed and integrated into unique SOC stability indices via conceptual framework and principal component analysis. Principal component analysis identified Al-macroaggregate, humic acid C-microaggregate, microaggregate-C, particulate organic matter-C-macroaggregate and polyphenol-microaggregate as the important SOC stability indicators. The principal component analysis -based SOC stability index varied from 0.2 to 0.9, 0.1 to 0.5, 0.2 to 0.6, 0.1 to 0.5 for Mollisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol and Alfisol, respectively. The SOC-stability index derived from conceptual framework and principal component analysis significantly lined up well with one another, although NaOCl-Res-C showed a high correlation with both conceptual framework (r = 0.8) and principal component analysis-based (r = 0.7) SOC stability indexes, suggesting that both methods might be used to quickly assess SOC stability in four soil orders. Overall, 50%NPK+50%N by farmyard manure or green manure emerged as the most effective management practices for enhancing stability of SOC in Mollisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol, and Alfisol of India which might act as major C sink in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems. The other aspect of C sequestration is to enhance agricultural productivity without depending much on expensive chemical fertilizers. The model yardstick thus developed for assessing SOC stability might be useful to other systems as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Yadav
- AICRP on Irrigation Water Management, Agricultural Research Station, Umeedganj, Agriculture University, Kota, 324001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ruma Das
- ICAR-NBSS & LUP, Regional Centre, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Saptaparnee Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Suvana Sukumaran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, 500059, Telangana, India
| | - Sohan Singh Walia
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rohitashav Singh
- Department of Agronomy, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Virender Kumar Shukla
- Department of Agronomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Singh Yadava
- Department of Agronomy, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, 834006, Jharkhand, India
| | - Natesan Ravisankar
- Division of Integrated Farming System Management, ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India
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5
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Bönisch E, Blagodatskaya E, Dirzo R, Ferlian O, Fichtner A, Huang Y, Leonard SJ, Maestre FT, von Oheimb G, Ray T, Eisenhauer N. Mycorrhizal type and tree diversity affect foliar elemental pools and stoichiometry. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1614-1629. [PMID: 38594212 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species-specific differences in nutrient acquisition strategies allow for complementary use of resources among plants in mixtures, which may be further shaped by mycorrhizal associations. However, empirical evidence of this potential role of mycorrhizae is scarce, particularly for tree communities. We investigated the impact of tree species richness and mycorrhizal types, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM), on above- and belowground carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) dynamics. Soil and soil microbial biomass elemental dynamics showed weak responses to tree species richness and none to mycorrhizal type. However, foliar elemental concentrations, stoichiometry, and pools were significantly affected by both treatments. Tree species richness increased foliar C and P pools but not N pools. Additive partitioning analyses showed that net biodiversity effects of foliar C, N, P pools in EM tree communities were driven by selection effects, but in mixtures of both mycorrhizal types by complementarity effects. Furthermore, increased tree species richness reduced soil nitrate availability, over 2 yr. Our results indicate that positive effects of tree diversity on aboveground nutrient storage are mediated by complementary mycorrhizal strategies and highlight the importance of using mixtures composed of tree species with different types of mycorrhizae to achieve more multifunctional afforestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bönisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evgenia Blagodatskaya
- Soil Ecology Department, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Rodolfo Dirzo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtner
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samuel J Leonard
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Goddert von Oheimb
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TU Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Tama Ray
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection, TU Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 7, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Puschstr. 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Angulo V, Bleichrodt RJ, Dijksterhuis J, Erktan A, Hefting MM, Kraak B, Kowalchuk GA. Enhancement of soil aggregation and physical properties through fungal amendments under varying moisture conditions. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16627. [PMID: 38733112 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil structure and aggregation are crucial for soil functionality, particularly under drought conditions. Saprobic soil fungi, known for their resilience in low moisture conditions, are recognized for their influence on soil aggregate dynamics. In this study, we explored the potential of fungal amendments to enhance soil aggregation and hydrological properties across different moisture regimes. We used a selection of 29 fungal isolates, recovered from soils treated under drought conditions and varying in colony density and growth rate, for single-strain inoculation into sterilized soil microcosms under either low or high moisture (≤-0.96 and -0.03 MPa, respectively). After 8 weeks, we assessed soil aggregate formation and stability, along with soil properties such as soil water content, water hydrophobicity, sorptivity, total fungal biomass and water potential. Our findings indicate that fungal inoculation altered soil hydrological properties and improved soil aggregation, with effects varying based on the fungal strains and soil moisture levels. We found a positive correlation between fungal biomass and enhanced soil aggregate formation and stabilization, achieved by connecting soil particles via hyphae and modifying soil aggregate sorptivity. The improvement in soil water potential was observed only when the initial moisture level was not critical for fungal activity. Overall, our results highlight the potential of using fungal inoculation to improve the structure of agricultural soil under drought conditions, thereby introducing new possibilities for soil management in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Angulo
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Bleichrodt
- Microbiology Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amandine Erktan
- Eco&Sols, University Montpellier, IRD, INRAe, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariet M Hefting
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Kraak
- Food and Indoor Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Kakouridis A, Yuan M, Nuccio EE, Hagen JA, Fossum CA, Moore ML, Estera-Molina KY, Nico PS, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J, Firestone MK. Arbuscular mycorrhiza convey significant plant carbon to a diverse hyphosphere microbial food web and mineral-associated organic matter. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1661-1675. [PMID: 38358052 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) transport substantial plant carbon (C) that serves as a substrate for soil organisms, a precursor of soil organic matter (SOM), and a driver of soil microbial dynamics. Using two-chamber microcosms where an air gap isolated AMF from roots, we 13CO2-labeled Avena barbata for 6 wk and measured the C Rhizophagus intraradices transferred to SOM and hyphosphere microorganisms. NanoSIMS imaging revealed hyphae and roots had similar 13C enrichment. SOM density fractionation, 13C NMR, and IRMS showed AMF transferred 0.77 mg C g-1 of soil (increasing total C by 2% relative to non-mycorrhizal controls); 33% was found in occluded or mineral-associated pools. In the AMF hyphosphere, there was no overall change in community diversity but 36 bacterial ASVs significantly changed in relative abundance. With stable isotope probing (SIP)-enabled shotgun sequencing, we found taxa from the Solibacterales, Sphingobacteriales, Myxococcales, and Nitrososphaerales (ammonium oxidizing archaea) were highly enriched in AMF-imported 13C (> 20 atom%). Mapping sequences from 13C-SIP metagenomes to total ASVs showed at least 92 bacteria and archaea were significantly 13C-enriched. Our results illustrate the quantitative and ecological impact of hyphal C transport on the formation of potentially protective SOM pools and microbial roles in the AMF hyphosphere soil food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kakouridis
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mengting Yuan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erin E Nuccio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - John A Hagen
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Madeline L Moore
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katerina Y Estera-Molina
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Nico
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 94550, CA, USA
- University of California Merced, Merced, 95343, CA, USA
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8
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Wu S, Fu W, Rillig MC, Chen B, Zhu YG, Huang L. Soil organic matter dynamics mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - an updated conceptual framework. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1417-1425. [PMID: 37529867 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in soil organic matter (SOM) formation and stabilization. Previous studies have emphasized organic compounds produced by AM fungi as persistent binding agents for aggregate formation and SOM storage. This concept overlooks the multiple biogeochemical processes mediated by AM fungal activities, which drive SOM generation, reprocessing, reorganization, and stabilization. Here, we propose an updated conceptual framework to facilitate a mechanistic understanding of the role of AM fungi in SOM dynamics. In this framework, four pathways for AM fungi-mediated SOM dynamics are included: 'Generating', AM fungal exudates and biomass serve as key sources of SOM chemodiversity; 'Reprocessing', hyphosphere microorganisms drive SOM decomposition and resynthesis; 'Reorganizing', AM fungi mediate soil physical changes and influence SOM transport, redistribution, transformation, and storage; and 'Stabilizing', AM fungi drive mineral weathering and organo-mineral interactions for SOM stabilization. Moreover, we discuss the AM fungal role in SOM dynamics at different scales, especially when translating results from small scales to complex larger scales. We believe that working with this conceptual framework can allow a better understanding of AM fungal role in SOM dynamics, therefore facilitating the development of mycorrhiza-based technologies toward soil health and global change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Baodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
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9
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Peng Z, Johnson NC, Jansa J, Han J, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xi H, Mao L, Pan J, Zhang Q, Feng H, Fan T, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mycorrhizal effects on crop yield and soil ecosystem functions in a long-term tillage and fertilization experiment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1798-1813. [PMID: 38155454 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well understood that agricultural management influences arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, but there is controversy about whether farmers should manage for AM symbiosis. We assessed AM fungal communities colonizing wheat roots for three consecutive years in a long-term (> 14 yr) tillage and fertilization experiment. Relationships among mycorrhizas, crop performance, and soil ecosystem functions were quantified. Tillage, fertilizers and continuous monoculture all reduced AM fungal richness and shifted community composition toward dominance of a few ruderal taxa. Rhizophagus and Dominikia were depressed by tillage and/or fertilization, and their abundances as well as AM fungal richness correlated positively with soil aggregate stability and nutrient cycling functions across all or no-tilled samples. In the field, wheat yield was unrelated to AM fungal abundance and correlated negatively with AM fungal richness. In a complementary glasshouse study, wheat biomass was enhanced by soil inoculum from unfertilized, no-till plots while neutral to depressed growth was observed in wheat inoculated with soils from fertilized and conventionally tilled plots. This study demonstrates contrasting impacts of low-input and conventional agricultural practices on AM symbiosis and highlights the importance of considering both crop yield and soil ecosystem functions when managing mycorrhizas for more sustainable agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Nancy Collins Johnson
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiayao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhou Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengjing Jiang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lin Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianbin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huyuan Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tinglu Fan
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Dryland Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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10
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Myung H, Joung YS. Contribution of Particulates to Airborne Disease Transmission and Severity: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6846-6867. [PMID: 38568611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has catalyzed great interest in the spread of airborne pathogens. Airborne infectious diseases are classified into viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Environmental factors can elevate their transmission and lethality. Air pollution has been reported as the leading environmental cause of disease and premature death worldwide. Notably, ambient particulates of various components and sizes are harmful pollutants. There are two prominent health effects of particles in the atmosphere: (1) particulate matter (PM) penetrates the respiratory tract and adversely affects health, such as heart and respiratory diseases; and (2) bioaerosols of particles act as a medium for the spread of pathogens in the air. Particulates contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases by increasing vulnerability to infection through inhalation and spreading disease through interactions with airborne pathogens. Here, we focus on the synergistic effects of airborne particulates on infectious disease. We outline the concepts and characteristics of bioaerosols, from their generation to transformation and circulation on Earth. Considering that microorganisms coexist with other particulates as bioaerosols, we investigate studies examining respiratory infections associated with airborne PM. Furthermore, we discuss four factors (meteorological, biological, physical, and chemical) that may impact the influence of PM on the survival of contagious pathogens in the atmosphere. Our review highlights the significant role of particulates in supporting the transmission of infectious aerosols and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Myung
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Joung
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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11
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Williams A, Sinanaj B, Hoysted GA. Plant-microbe interactions through a lens: tales from the mycorrhizosphere. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:399-412. [PMID: 38085925 PMCID: PMC11006548 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soil microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting food production, preserving water quality and safeguarding human health. Understanding the intricate dynamics within the soil microbiome necessitates unravelling complex bacterial-fungal interactions (BFIs). BFIs occur in diverse habitats, such as the phyllosphere, rhizosphere and bulk soil, where they exert substantial influence on plant-microbe associations, nutrient cycling and overall ecosystem functions. In various symbiotic associations, fungi form mycorrhizal connections with plant roots, enhancing nutrient uptake through the root and mycorrhizal pathways. Concurrently, specific soil bacteria, including mycorrhiza helper bacteria, play a pivotal role in nutrient acquisition and promoting plant growth. Chemical communication and biofilm formation further shape plant-microbial interactions, affecting plant growth, disease resistance and nutrient acquisition processes. SCOPE Promoting synergistic interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and soil microbes holds immense potential for advancing ecological knowledge and conservation. However, despite the significant progress, gaps remain in our understanding of the evolutionary significance, perception, functional traits and ecological relevance of BFIs. Here we review recent findings obtained with respect to complex microbial communities - particularly in the mycorrhizosphere - and include the latest advances in the field, outlining their profound impacts on our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and plant physiology and function. CONCLUSIONS Deepening our understanding of plant BFIs can help assess their capabilities with regard to ecological and agricultural safe-guarding, in particular buffering soil stresses, and ensuring sustainable land management practices. Preserving and enhancing soil biodiversity emerge as critical imperatives in sustaining life on Earth amidst pressures of anthropogenic climate change. A holistic approach integrates scientific knowledge on bacteria and fungi, which includes their potential to foster resilient soil ecosystems for present and future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Williams
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Besiana Sinanaj
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Bioscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Grace A Hoysted
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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12
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Philippot L, Chenu C, Kappler A, Rillig MC, Fierer N. The interplay between microbial communities and soil properties. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024; 22:226-239. [PMID: 37863969 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable progress in determining the soil properties that influence the structure of the soil microbiome. By contrast, the effects of microorganisms on their soil habitat have received less attention with most previous studies focusing on microbial contributions to soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. However, soil microorganisms are not only involved in nutrient cycling and organic matter transformations but also alter the soil habitat through various biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. Such microbially mediated modifications of soil properties can have local impacts on microbiome assembly with pronounced ecological ramifications. In this Review, we describe the processes by which microorganisms modify the soil environment, considering soil physics, hydrology and chemistry. We explore how microorganism-soil interactions can generate feedback loops and discuss how microbially mediated modifications of soil properties can serve as an alternative avenue for the management and manipulation of microbiomes to combat soil threats and global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Philippot
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Department of Agroecology, Dijon, France.
| | - Claire Chenu
- University of Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
| | - Andreas Kappler
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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13
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Hyjazie BF, Sargent RD. Manipulation of soil mycorrhizal fungi influences floral traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:675-686. [PMID: 38403925 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Most plants form root hyphal relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These associations are known to positively impact plant biomass and competitive ability. However, less is known about how mycorrhizas impact other ecological interactions, such as those mediated by pollinators. We performed a meta-regression of studies that manipulated AMF and measured traits related to pollination, including floral display size, rewards, visitation, and reproduction, extracting 63 studies with 423 effects. On average, the presence of mycorrhizas was associated with positive effects on floral traits. Specifically, we found impacts of AMF on floral display size, pollinator visitation and reproduction, and a positive but nonsignificant impact on rewards. Studies manipulating mycorrhizas with fungicide tended to report contrasting results, possibly because fungicide destroys both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Our study highlights the potential for relationships with mycorrhizal fungi to play an important, yet underrecognized role in plant-pollinator interactions. With heightened awareness of the need for a more sustainable agricultural industry, mycorrhizal fungi may offer the opportunity to reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers. At the same time, fungicides are now ubiquitous in agricultural systems. Our study demonstrates indirect ways in which plant-belowground fungal partnerships could manifest in plant-pollinator interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoule F Hyjazie
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Risa D Sargent
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Hopkins AJM, Brace AJ, Bruce JL, Hyde J, Fontaine JB, Walden L, Veber W, Ruthrof KX. Drought legacy interacts with wildfire to alter soil microbial communities in a Mediterranean climate-type forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170111. [PMID: 38232837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean forest ecosystems will be increasingly affected by hotter drought and more frequent and severe wildfire events in the future. However, little is known about the longer-term responses of these forests to multiple disturbances and the forests' capacity to maintain ecosystem function. This is particularly so for below-ground organisms, which have received less attention than those above-ground, despite their essential contributions to forest function. We investigated rhizosphere microbial communities in a resprouting Eucalyptus marginata forest, southwestern Australia, that had experienced a severe wildfire four years previously, and a hotter drought eight years previously. Our aim was to understand how microbial communities are affected over longer-term trajectories by hotter drought and wildfire, singularly, and in combination. Fungal and bacterial DNA was extracted from soil samples, amplified, and subjected to high throughput sequencing. Richness, diversity, composition, and putative functional groups were then examined. We found a monotonic decrease in fungal, but not bacterial, richness and diversity with increasing disturbance with the greatest changes resulting from the combination of drought and wildfire. Overall fungal and bacterial community composition reflected a stronger effect of fire than drought, but the combination of both produced the greatest number of indicator taxa for fungi, and a significant negative effect on the abundance of several fungal functional groups. Key mycorrhizal fungi, fungal saprotrophs and fungal pathogens were found at lower proportions in sites affected by drought plus wildfire. Wildfire had a positive effect on bacterial hydrogen and bacterial nitrogen recyclers. Fungal community composition was positively correlated with live tree height. These results suggest that microbial communities, in particular key fungal functional groups, are highly responsive to wildfire following drought. Thus, a legacy of past climate conditions such as hotter drought can be important for mediating the responses of soil microbial communities to subsequent disturbance like wildfire.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J M Hopkins
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
| | - A J Brace
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - J L Bruce
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Group, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - J Hyde
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - J B Fontaine
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - L Walden
- Soil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - W Veber
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - K X Ruthrof
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia; School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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15
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Bhurtel A, Salifu E, Siddiqua S. Composite biomediated engineering approaches for improving problematic soils: Potentials and opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169808. [PMID: 38184265 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Several conventional chemical stabilizers are used for soil stabilization, among which cement is widely adopted. However, the high energy consumption and environmental challenges associated with these stabilizers have necessitated the transition toward the adoption/deployment of eco-friendly approaches for soil stabilization. Biomediated techniques are sustainable soil improvement methods adopting less toxic microorganisms, enzymes, or polymers for cementing soil. However, these processes also have several drawbacks, such as slow hardening, environmental impact, high cost, and lack of compatibility with different types of soils. It is hypothesized that these limitations may be overcome by exploring the prospects and opportunities offered by hybrid technological approaches involving the integration of nontraditional stabilizers and microbial-induced biomineralization processes for improving problematic soils. This paper discusses selected previous studies integrating different technologies and their benefits and challenges. The emerging fungi-based bio-mediation techniques and the possibility of forming sustainable fungal-based biocomposites to improve problematic soils are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bhurtel
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Emmanuel Salifu
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Center for Bio-Mediated and Bio-Inspired Geotechnics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, United States of America.
| | - Sumi Siddiqua
- Faculty of Applied Science, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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16
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Zhang K, Zentella R, Burkey KO, Liao HL, Tisdale RH. Long-term tropospheric ozone pollution disrupts plant-microbe-soil interactions in the agroecosystem. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17215. [PMID: 38429894 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3 ) threatens agroecosystems, yet its long-term effects on intricate plant-microbe-soil interactions remain overlooked. This study employed two soybean genotypes of contrasting O3 -sensitivity grown in field plots exposed elevated O3 (eO3 ) and evaluated cause-effect relationships with their associated soil microbiomes and soil quality. Results revealed long-term eO3 effects on belowground soil microbiomes and soil health surpass damage visible on plants. Elevated O3 significantly disrupted belowground bacteria-fungi interactions, reduced fungal diversity, and altered fungal community assembly by impacting soybean physiological properties. Particularly, eO3 impacts on plant performance were significantly associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, undermining their contribution to plants, whereas eO3 increased fungal saprotroph proliferation, accelerating soil organic matter decomposition and soil carbon pool depletion. Free-living diazotrophs exhibited remarkable acclimation under eO3 , improving plant performance by enhancing nitrogen fixation. However, overarching detrimental consequences of eO3 negated this benefit. Overall, this study demonstrated long-term eO3 profoundly governed negative impacts on plant-soil-microbiota interactions, pointing to a potential crisis for agroecosystems. These findings highlight urgent needs to develop adaptive strategies to navigate future eO3 scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaile Zhang
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rodolfo Zentella
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kent O Burkey
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hui-Ling Liao
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, Florida, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ripley H Tisdale
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Crockett JL, Hurteau MD. Ability of seedlings to survive heat and drought portends future demographic challenges for five southwestern US conifers. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad136. [PMID: 37935402 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and disturbance are altering forests and the rates and locations of tree regeneration. In semi-arid forests of the southwestern USA, limitations imposed by hot and dry conditions are likely to influence seedling survival. We examined how the survival of 1-year seedlings of five southwestern US conifer species whose southwestern distributions range from warmer and drier woodlands and forests (Pinus edulis Engelm., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson) to cooler and wetter subalpine forests (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. Ex Hildebr. and Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) changed in response to low moisture availability, high temperatures and high vapor pressure deficit in incubators. We used a Bayesian framework to construct discrete-time proportional hazard models that explained 55-75% of the species-specific survival variability. We applied these to the recent climate (1980-2019) of the southwestern USA as well as 1980-2099 CMIP5 climate projections with the RCP8.5 emissions pathway. We found that the more mesic species (i.e., P. menziesii, A. concolor and P. engelmannii) were more susceptible to the effects of hot and dry periods. However, their existing ranges are not projected to experience the conditions we tested as early in the 21st century as the more xeric P. edulis and P. ponderosa, leading to lower percentages of their existing ranges predicted to experience seedling-killing conditions. By late-century, extensive areas of each species southwestern range could experience climate conditions that increase the likelihood of seedling mortality. These results demonstrate that empirically derived physiological limitations can be used to inform where species composition or vegetation type change are likely to occur in the southwestern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Crockett
- Department of Biology, MSC03-20201, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
| | - Matthew D Hurteau
- Department of Biology, MSC03-20201, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001
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18
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Lozano YM, Dueñas JF, Zordick C, Rillig MC. Microplastic fibres affect soil fungal communities depending on drought conditions with consequences for ecosystem functions. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16549. [PMID: 38196372 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics affect soil functions depending on drought conditions. However, how their combined effect influences soil fungi and their linkages with ecosystem functions is still unknown. To address this, we used rhizosphere soil from a previous experiment in which we employed microplastic fibres addition and drought in a factorial design, and evaluated their effects on soil fungal communities. Microplastics decreased soil fungal richness under well-watered conditions, likely linked to microplastics leaching toxic substances into the soil, and microplastic effects on root fineness. Under drought, by contrast, microplastics increased pathogen and total fungal richness, likely related to microplastic positive effects on soil properties, such as water holding capacity, porosity or aggregation. Soil fungal richness was the attribute most affected by microplastics and drought. Microplastics altered the relationships between soil fungi and ecosystem functions to the point that many of them flipped from positive to negative or disappeared. The combined effect of microplastics and drought on fungal richness mitigated their individual negative effect (antagonism), suggesting that changes in soil water conditions may alter the action mode of microplastics in soil. Microplastic leaching of harmful substances can be mitigated under drought, while the improvement of soil properties by microplastics may alleviate such drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lozano
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - J F Dueñas
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - C Zordick
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
| | - M C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
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19
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Li T, Yang H, Zhang N, Dong L, Wu A, Wu Q, Zhao M, Liu H, Li Y, Wang Y. Synergistic effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar are highly beneficial to Ligustrum lucidum seedlings in Cd-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11214-11227. [PMID: 38217817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a widespread environmental issue. There is a lack of knowledge about the impacts of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar, either alone or in their combination, on alleviating Cd phytotoxicity in Ligustrum lucidum. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where L. lucidum seedlings were randomly subjected to four regimes of AMF treatments (inoculation with sterilized AMF, with Rhizophagus irregularis, Diversispora versiformis, alone or a mixture of these two fungi), and two regimes of biochar treatments (with or without rice-husk biochar), as well as three regimes of Cd treatments (0, 15, and 150 mg kg-1), to examine the responses of growth, photosynthetic capabilities, soil enzymatic activities, nutritional concentrations, and Cd absorption of L. lucidum plants to the interactive effects of AMF, biochar, and Cd. The results demonstrated that under Cd contaminations, AMF alone significantly increased plant total dry weight, soil pH, and plant nitrogen (N) concentration by 84%, 3.2%, and 13.2%, respectively, and inhibited soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 42.2%; biochar alone significantly enhanced net photosynthetic rate, soil pH, and soil catalase of non-mycorrhizal plants by 16.4%, 9%, and 11.9%, respectively, and reduced the soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 44.7%; the additive effect between AMF and biochar greatly enhanced plant total dry weight by 101.9%, and reduced the soil Cd transferring to plant shoot by 51.6%. Furthermore, dual inoculation with D. versiformis and R. irregularis conferred more benefits on plants than the single fungal species did. Accordingly, amending Cd-contaminated soil with the combination of mixed-fungi inoculation and biochar application performed the best than either AMF or biochar alone. These responses may have been attributed to higher mycorrhizal colonization, soil pH, biomass accumulation, and biomass allocation to the roots, as well as photosynthetic capabilities. In conclusion, the combined use of mixed-fungi involving D. versiformis and R. irregularis and biochar addition had significant synergistic effects on enhancing plant performance and reducing Cd uptake of L. lucidum plants in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Naili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources and the Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijia Dong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Mingshui Zhao
- Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou, 311311, China
| | - Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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20
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Li Q, Song Z, Xia S, Kuzyakov Y, Yu C, Fang Y, Chen J, Wang Y, Shi Y, Luo Y, Li Y, Chen J, Wang W, Zhang J, Fu X, Vancov T, Van Zwieten L, Liu CQ, Wang H. Microbial Necromass, Lignin, and Glycoproteins for Determining and Optimizing Blue Carbon Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:468-479. [PMID: 38141044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands contribute to the mitigation of climate change through the sequestration of "blue carbon". Microbial necromass, lignin, and glycoproteins (i.e., glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP)), as important components of soil organic carbon (SOC), are sensitive to environmental change. However, their contributions to blue carbon formation and the underlying factors remain largely unresolved. To address this paucity of knowledge, we investigated their contributions to blue carbon formation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes. Our results revealed decreasing contributions of microbial necromass and lignin to blue carbon as the salinity increased, while GRSP showed an opposite trend. Using random forest models, we showed that their contributions to SOC were dependent on microbial biomass and resource stoichiometry. In N-limited saline soils, contributions of microbial necromass to SOC decreased due to increased N-acquisition enzyme activity. Decreases in lignin contributions were linked to reduced mineral protection offered by short-range-ordered Fe (FeSRO). Partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further indicated that GRSP could increase microbial necromass and lignin formation by enhancing mineral protection. Our findings have implications for improving the accumulation of refractory and mineral-bound organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the current scenario of heightened nutrient discharge and sea-level rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shaopan Xia
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420049, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Changxun Yu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar 39231, Sweden
| | - Yunying Fang
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Yidong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, & School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil & Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tony Vancov
- NSW Department of Planning, Industry & Environment, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Lukas Van Zwieten
- Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Institute of Soil & Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
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21
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Li Z, Wu S, Yi Q, Liu Y, Wang J, Nguyen TAH, Ma Y, You F, Chan TS, Klein A, Levett A, Southam G, Alessi DS, Huang Y, Huang L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Drive Organo-Mineral Association in Iron Ore Tailings: Unravelling Microstructure at the Submicron Scale by Synchrotron-Based FTIR and STXM-NEXAFS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21779-21790. [PMID: 38091466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in organic matter (OM) stabilization in Fe ore tailings for eco-engineered soil formation. However, little has been understood about the AM fungi-derived organic signature and organo-mineral interactions in situ at the submicron scale. In this study, a compartmentalized cultivation system was used to investigate the role of AM fungi in OM formation and stabilization in tailings. Particularly, microspectroscopic analyses including synchrotron-based transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS) were employed to characterize the chemical signatures at the AM fungal-mineral and mineral-OM interfaces at the submicron scale. The results indicated that AM fungal mycelia developed well in the tailings and entangled mineral particles for aggregation. AM fungal colonization enhanced N-rich OM stabilization through organo-mineral association. Bulk spectroscopic analysis together with FTIR mapping revealed that fungi-derived lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates were associated with Fe/Si minerals. Furthermore, STXM-NEXAFS analysis revealed that AM fungi-derived aromatic, aliphatic, and carboxylic/amide compounds were heterogeneously distributed and trapped by Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing minerals originating from biotite-like minerals weathering. These findings imply that AM fungi can stimulate mineral weathering and provide organic substances to associate with minerals, contributing to OM stabilization and aggregate formation as key processes for eco-engineered soil formation in tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songlin Wu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N2 V3, Canada
| | - Tuan A H Nguyen
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanying Ma
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fang You
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30092, Taiwan
| | - Annaleise Klein
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alan Levett
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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22
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Gao Y, An T, Kuang Q, Wu Y, Liu S, Liang L, Yu M, Macrae A, Chen Y. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the alleviation of cadmium stress in cereals: A multilevel meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166091. [PMID: 37553055 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The symbiotic relationships between crop species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are crucial for plant health, productivity, and environmental sustainability. The roles of AMF in reducing crop stress caused by cadmium (Cd) toxicity and in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil are not fully understood. Here we report on a meta-analysis that sought to identify the functions of AMF in cereals under Cd stress. A total of 54 articles published between January 1992 and September 2022 were used to create the dataset, which provided 7216 data sets on mycorrhizal cereals under Cd stress examined. AMF effects on colonization rate, biomass, physiological level, nutritional level, and plant Cd level were measured using the logarithmic response ratio (Ln R). The results showed that AMF overall greatly reduced 5.14 - 33.6 % Cd stress on cereals in greenhouse experiments under controlled conditions. AMF colonization significantly stimulated crop biomass by 65.7 %, boosted the formation of photosynthetic pigments (23.2 %), and greatly increased plant nitrogen (24.8 %) and phosphorus (58.4 %) uptake. The dilution effect of mycorrhizal plants made the Cd concentration decline by 25.2 % in AMF plants compared to non-mycorrhizal ones. AMF also alleviated Cd stress by improving osmotic regulators (soluble protein, sugar, and total proline, from 14.8 to 36.0 %) and lowering the membrane lipid peroxidation product (MDA, 12.9 %). Importantly, the results from the random forest and model selection analysis demonstrated that crop type, soil characteristics, chemical form, and Cd levels were the main factors determining the function of AMF in alleviating Cd stress. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between AMF colonization rate and Cd addition, but their interactive effect was less than the colonization rate alone. This meta-analysis demonstrated that AMF inoculation could be considered as a promising strategy for mitigation of Cd stress in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tingting An
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiqiang Kuang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liyan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Andrew Macrae
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa Pós-Graduação de Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, s/n-Prédio do CCS-Bloco K, 2 Andar-Sala 032, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Av. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, s/n-Prédio do CCS-Bloco I, 1 Andar-Sala 047, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Yinglong Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
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23
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Meng Y, Davison J, Clarke JT, Zobel M, Gerz M, Moora M, Öpik M, Bueno CG. Environmental modulation of plant mycorrhizal traits in the global flora. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1862-1876. [PMID: 37766496 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbioses are known to strongly influence plant performance, structure plant communities and shape ecosystem dynamics. Plant mycorrhizal traits, such as those characterising mycorrhizal type (arbuscular (AM), ecto-, ericoid or orchid mycorrhiza) and status (obligately (OM), facultatively (FM) or non-mycorrhizal) offer valuable insight into plant belowground functionality. Here, we compile available plant mycorrhizal trait information and global occurrence data (∼ 100 million records) for 11,770 vascular plant species. Using a plant phylogenetic mega-tree and high-resolution climatic and edaphic data layers, we assess phylogenetic and environmental correlates of plant mycorrhizal traits. We find that plant mycorrhizal type is more phylogenetically conserved than plant mycorrhizal status, while environmental variables (both climatic and edaphic; notably soil texture) explain more variation in mycorrhizal status, especially FM. The previously underestimated role of environmental conditions has far-reaching implications for our understanding of ecosystem functioning under changing climatic and soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John T Clarke
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maret Gerz
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - C Guillermo Bueno
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Spain
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24
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Raza T, Qadir MF, Khan KS, Eash NS, Yousuf M, Chatterjee S, Manzoor R, Rehman SU, Oetting JN. Unrevealing the potential of microbes in decomposition of organic matter and release of carbon in the ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118529. [PMID: 37418912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter decomposition is a biochemical process with consequences affecting climate change and ecosystem productivity. Once decomposition begins, C is lost as CO2 or sequestered into more recalcitrant carbon difficult to further degradation. As microbial respiration releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, microbes act as gatekeepers in the whole process. Microbial activities were found to be the second largest CO2 emission source in the environment after human activities (industrialization), and research investigations suggest that this may have affected climate change over the past few decades. It is crucial to note that microbes are major contributors in the whole C cycle (decomposition, transformation, and stabilization). Therefore, imbalances in the C cycle might be causing changes in the entire carbon content of the ecosystem. The significance of microbes, especially soil bacteria in the terrestrial carbon cycle requires more attention. This review focuses on the factors that affect microorganism behavior during the breakdown of organic materials. The key factors affecting the microbial degradation processes are the quality of the input material, nitrogen, temperature, and moisture content. In this review, we suggest that to address global climate change and its effects on agricultural systems and vice versa, there is a need to double-up on efforts and conduct new research studies to further evaluate the potential of microbial communities to reduce their contribution to terrestrial carbon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Raza
- The Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shehzad Khan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Neal S Eash
- The Biosystems Engineering & Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Muhammad Yousuf
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sumanta Chatterjee
- USDA ARS, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Rabia Manzoor
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ur Rehman
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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25
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Giambalvo D, Amato G, Ingraffia R, Lo Porto A, Mirabile G, Ruisi P, Torta L, Frenda AS. Nitrogen fertilization and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi do not mitigate the adverse effects of soil contamination with polypropylene microfibers on maize growth. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122146. [PMID: 37419209 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with microplastics may adversely affect soil properties and functions and consequently crop productivity. In this study, we wanted to verify whether the adverse effects of microplastics in the soil on maize plants (Zea mays L.) are due to a reduction in nitrogen (N) availability and a reduced capacity to establish symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. To do this, we performed a pot experiment in which a clayey soil was exposed to two environmentally relevant concentrations of polypropylene (PP; one of the most used plastic materials) microfibers (0.4% and 0.8% w/w) with or without the addition of N fertilizer and with or without inoculation with AM fungi. The experiment began after the soil had been incubated at 23 °C for 5 months. Soil contamination with PP considerably reduced maize root and shoot biomass, leaf area, N uptake, and N content in tissue. The adverse effects increased with the concentration of PP in the soil. Adding N to the soil did not alleviate the detrimental effects of PP on plant growth, which suggests that other factors besides N availability played a major role. Similarly, although the presence of PP did not inhibit root colonization by AM fungi (no differences were observed for this trait between the uncontaminated and PP-contaminated soils), the addition of the fungal inoculum to the soil failed to mitigate the negative impact of PP on maize growth. Quite the opposite: mycorrhization further reduced maize root biomass accumulation. Undoubtedly, much research remains to be done to shed light on the mechanisms involved in determining plant behavior in microplastic-contaminated soils, which are most likely complex. This research is a priority given the magnitude of this contamination and its potential implications for human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Giambalvo
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Amato
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosolino Ingraffia
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonella Lo Porto
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Mirabile
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruisi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Livio Torta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfonso S Frenda
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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26
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Gagou E, Chakroune K, Abbas M, Lamkami T, Hakkou A. Evaluation of the Mycorrhizal Potential of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Rhizosphere Soils in the Figuig Oasis (Southeastern Morocco). J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:931. [PMID: 37755039 PMCID: PMC10532849 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Date palm, an important crop in Morocco and many other arid regions around the world, faces significant challenges from wind, water shortages, and salinization, which contribute to vegetation loss and soil degradation in the harsh environmental conditions of oasis ecosystems with low soil fertility. Protecting and regenerating these degraded lands is crucial for sustainable agriculture and improving the dryland ecosystem. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) comprise a vital element in this dynamic within the microflora of the soil rhizosphere. This study evaluated the potential in mycorrhizal soil and identified AMF in date palm rhizospheres in eight locations within the Figuig oasis (southeastern Morocco). This study found that Extension and Zenaga had more mycorrhizal propagules than other locations. Replanted maize (Zea mays L.) in these soils exhibited higher mycorrhization rates (91-93%) compared to that in other locations, with the Lamaiz site registering the lowest rate (39%). The phosphorus content was negatively correlated with the AMF spore frequency, intensity, and density, while a positive correlation was detected between the soil pH and the AMF spore frequency and density. The morphological identification of spores revealed Glomus as the predominant species, along with Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. This study represents an initial step toward the potential application of these fungi in environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmostafa Gagou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BV Mohammed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (K.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Khadija Chakroune
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BV Mohammed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (K.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Mahmoud Abbas
- Administrative Centre, Laboratory of Water Analysis of Figuig (LAEF), Municipality of Figuig, BP 121, Figuig 61000, Morocco;
| | - Touria Lamkami
- Department of Research in Drug Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bvd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Abdelkader Hakkou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed First, BV Mohammed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco; (K.C.); (A.H.)
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27
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Abdalla M, Bitterlich M, Jansa J, Püschel D, Ahmed MA. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in improving plant water status under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4808-4824. [PMID: 37409696 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been presumed to ameliorate crop tolerance to drought. Here, we review the role of AMF in maintaining water supply to plants from drying soils and the underlying biophysical mechanisms. We used a soil-plant hydraulic model to illustrate the impact of several AMF mechanisms on plant responses to edaphic drought. The AMF enhance the soil's capability to transport water and extend the effective root length, thereby attenuating the drop in matric potential at the root surface during soil drying. The synthesized evidence and the corresponding simulations demonstrate that symbiosis with AMF postpones the stress onset limit, which is defined as the disproportionality between transpiration rates and leaf water potentials, during soil drying. The symbiosis can thus help crops survive extended intervals of limited water availability. We also provide our perspective on future research needs and call for reconciling the dynamic changes in soil and root hydraulics in order to better understand the role of AMF in plant water relations in the face of climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanned Abdalla
- Chair of Root-Soil Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Michael Bitterlich
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Thaer-Institute, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Jansa
- Laboratory of Fungal Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Püschel
- Department of Mycorrhizal Symbioses, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Mutez A Ahmed
- Chair of Root-Soil Interaction, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Magnucka EG, Kulczycki G, Oksińska MP, Kucińska J, Pawęska K, Milo Ł, Pietr SJ. The Effect of Various Forms of Sulfur on Soil Organic Matter Fractions and Microorganisms in a Pot Experiment with Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2649. [PMID: 37514266 PMCID: PMC10384080 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on the agronomic evaluation of the supplementation of mineral NPKMg fertilizers with elemental sulfur, magnesium, potassium, or ammonium sulfates in pot experiments with ryegrass growing in a sandy Arenosol with very low sulfur content. A benefit evaluation was carried out on the basis of biomass production, crop nutritional status, and changes in the content of soil organic matter fractions. Furthermore, the total number of bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and fungi was estimated using the qPCR technique in soil samples after 60 days of ryegrass growth. The combined application of NPKMg and sulfur or sulfate fertilizers significantly increased the summary yield of three cuttings of fresh ryegrass biomass in the range of 32.3% to 82.7%. The application, especially in the form of sulfates, significantly decreased the content of free phenolic acids. Furthermore, compared to the control, i.e., soil with NPKMg applied alone, an increase in the content of glomalin-related proteins and a decrease in the amount of water-soluble organic carbon compounds were observed. Neither the number of DNA marker copy numbers of the total bacterial community nor the nitrogen-fixing bacteria were noticeably different. In turn, the total number of genetic markers for fungi was significantly higher in soils with potassium or ammonium sulfates compared to the control soil. The general results suggest that the application of sulfur fertilizers with NPKMg mineral fertilizer can benefit crops and support soil fertility due to the stabilization of aggregates and the decrease in water-soluble organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kulczycki
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata P Oksińska
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucińska
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawęska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Milo
- Chemical Plants "Siarkopol" Tarnobrzeg Ltd., Chemiczna St. 3, 39-400 Tarnobrzeg, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Laboratory of Biogeochemistry and Environmental Microbiology, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental & Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka St. 53, 50-357 Wrocław, Poland
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Romero-Estonllo M, Ramos-Castro J, San Miguel del Río Y, Rodríguez-Garrido B, Prieto-Fernández Á, Kidd PS, Monterroso C. Soil amendment and rhizobacterial inoculation improved Cu phytostabilization, plant growth and microbial activity in a bench-scale experiment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1184070. [PMID: 37455720 PMCID: PMC10346841 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1184070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mine driven trace elements' pollution entails environmental risks and causes soil infertility. In the last decades, in situ techniques such as phytostabilization have become increasingly important as ways to tackle these negative impacts. The aim of this study was to test the individual and combined effects of different aided phytostabilization techniques using substrate from barren tailings of a Cu mine, characterized by extreme infertility (high acidity and deficiency of organic matter and nutrients). The experiment analyzed the growth of Populus nigra L. planted alone (P) or in co-cropping with Trifolium repens L. (PT), in pots containing mine soil amended with compost (1, 10, compost, soil, w/w) non inoculated (NI) or inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGP), mycorrhizae (MYC) or a combination of bacterial and fungal inocula (PGPMYC). Non-amended, non-planted and non-inoculated reference ports were also prepared. Plants were harvested after 110 days of plant development and several biometric and phytopathological parameters (stem height, aerial biomass, root biomass, wilting, chlorosis, pest and death) and macro and micronutrient composition were determined. The growth substrate was analyzed for several physicochemical (pH, CECe, and exchangeable cations, total C and N, P Olsen and availability of trace elements) and microbiological (community level physiological profiles: activity, richness and diversity) parameters. The use of the amendment, P. nigra plantation, and inoculation with rhizobacteria were the best techniques to reduce toxicity and improve soil fertility, as well as to increase the plant survival and growth. Soil bacterial functional diversity was markedly influenced by the presence of plants and the inoculation with bacteria, which suggests that the presence of plant regulated the configuration of a microbial community in which the inoculated bacteria thrive comparatively better. The results of this study support the use of organic amendments, tolerant plants, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to reduce environmental risk and improve fertility of soils impacted by mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Romero-Estonllo
- CRETUS, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Judith Ramos-Castro
- CRETUS, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yaiza San Miguel del Río
- CRETUS, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede de Santiago de Compostela (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángeles Prieto-Fernández
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede de Santiago de Compostela (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Petra S. Kidd
- Misión Biológica de Galicia Sede de Santiago de Compostela (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Monterroso
- CRETUS, Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Abbasi S. Plant-microbe interactions ameliorate phosphate-mediated responses in the rhizosphere: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1074279. [PMID: 37360699 PMCID: PMC10290171 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1074279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential minerals for many biochemical and physiological responses in all biota, especially in plants. P deficiency negatively affects plant performance such as root growth and metabolism and plant yield. Mutualistic interactions with the rhizosphere microbiome can assist plants in accessing the available P in soil and its uptake. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of plant-microbe interactions that facilitate P uptake by the plant. We focus on the role of soil biodiversity in improved P uptake by the plant, especially under drought conditions. P-dependent responses are regulated by phosphate starvation response (PSR). PSR not only modulates the plant responses to P deficiency in abiotic stresses but also activates valuable soil microbes which provide accessible P. The drought-tolerant P-solubilizing bacteria are appropriate for P mobilization, which would be an eco-friendly manner to promote plant growth and tolerance, especially in extreme environments. This review summarizes plant-microbe interactions that improve P uptake by the plant and brings important insights into the ways to improve P cycling in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
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31
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Pauwels R, Graefe J, Bitterlich M. An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alters soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity in a soil texture specific way. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:165-179. [PMID: 36976365 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter plant water relations and contribute to soil structure. Although soil hydraulic properties depend on soil structure and may limit plant water uptake, little is known about how AMF influence soil water retention (the relation between the soil water content and soil water potential) and hydraulic conductivity in different soils. Instead, these soil hydraulic properties often are considered to be independent of AMF presence in experiments. We asked if this assumption holds true for both sand and loam. We grew maize plants either inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis or with autoclaved inoculum in pots filled with quartz sand or loam soil until extraradical spread of the fungus throughout the pots was achieved. Each pot contained a hyphal compartment made of a soil sampling core (250 cm3) covered with a 20-µm nylon mesh to encourage fungus ingrowth but to exclude root ingrowth. We measured soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in these undisturbed root-free soil volumes. We observed that in loam harboring the mycorrhizal fungus, the soil water retention decreased, while in sand, it increased without detectable changes in the soil bulk density. The effects of the fungus on the soil water potential were strongest at low soil water contents in both soils. As a consequence of the altered water potentials in soils with the mycorrhizal fungus, soil hydraulic conductivity increased in loam but decreased in sand after fungus ingrowth. We conclude that in our study, the mycorrhizal fungus acted as a soil conditioner even distant from roots, which encouraged drainage in loams prone to sogginess but enhanced water storage in sands prone to quick desiccation. We recommend considering soil hydraulic properties as being dynamic in future studies on water relations of mycorrhizal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Pauwels
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V. (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Jan Graefe
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e.V. (IGZ), Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Michael Bitterlich
- Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Thaer-Institute, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Sánchez-Castro I, Molina L, Prieto-Fernández MÁ, Segura A. Past, present and future trends in the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil - Remediation techniques applied in real soil-contamination events. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16692. [PMID: 37484356 PMCID: PMC10360604 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most worldwide policy frameworks, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, highlight soil as a key non-renewable natural resource which should be rigorously preserved to achieve long-term global sustainability. Although some soil is naturally enriched with heavy metals (HMs), a series of anthropogenic activities are known to contribute to their redistribution, which may entail potentially harmful environmental and/or human health effects if certain concentrations are exceeded. If this occurs, the implementation of rehabilitation strategies is highly recommended. Although there are many publications dealing with the elimination of HMs using different methodologies, most of those works have been done in laboratories and there are not many comprehensive reviews about the results obtained under field conditions. Throughout this review, we examine the different methodologies that have been used in real scenarios and, based on representative case studies, we present the evolution and outcomes of the remediation strategies applied in real soil-contamination events where legacies of past metal mining activities or mine spills have posed a serious threat for soil conservation. So far, the best efficiencies at field-scale have been reported when using combined strategies such as physical containment and assisted-phytoremediation. We have also introduced the emerging problem of the heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils and the different strategies implemented to tackle this problem. Although remediation techniques used in real scenarios have not changed much in the last decades, there are also encouraging facts for the advances in this field. Thus, a growing number of mining companies publicise in their webpages their soil remediation strategies and efforts; moreover, the number of scientific publications about innovative highly-efficient and environmental-friendly methods is also increasing. In any case, better cooperation between scientists and other soil-related stakeholders is still required to improve remediation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Sánchez-Castro
- Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Lázaro Molina
- Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María-Ángeles Prieto-Fernández
- Misión Biolóxica de Galicia (CSIC), Sede Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Vigo S/n. Campus Vida, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Segura
- Estación Experimental Del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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33
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Williams A, Birt HWG, Raghavendra A, Dennis PG. Cropping System Diversification Influences Soil Microbial Diversity in Subtropical Dryland Farming Systems. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1473-1484. [PMID: 35840682 PMCID: PMC10167104 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional dryland cropping systems are characterised by low crop diversity and frequent fallows. This has significant impacts on soil microbes that underpin soil function. Diversifying crop rotations can potentially counter these effects; however, limited data exists on the impacts of diversified crop rotations on soil microbes in drylands. Using phylogenetic marker gene sequencing, we characterised soil microbial diversity in conventional and diversified dryland crop rotations in subtropical Australia. This included winter and summer dominant rotations. Conventional systems were cereal-dominant with a crop-fallow rotation. Diversified systems included greater crop diversity, double crops, cover crops, and a multi-year ley pasture. In summer rotations with increased crop diversity and cover crops, bacterial and fungal richness increased, and distinct communities were formed compared to fallow land. Often, these community shifts were associated with greater soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen. All winter rotations had distinct fungal communities and ley pasture resulted in greater fungal diversity compared to other rotations. No effects of the winter rotations were evident on bacterial communities. Our results show that diversification of dryland crop rotations leads to significant shifts in soil microbial communities in both winter and summer cropping systems. Both summer and winter rotations incorporating cover crops and ley pasture had greater soil respiration and nitrogen, indicating increases in soil fertility. These rotations may offer an alternative to conventional crop-fallow rotations to counter ongoing declines in soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Williams
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
| | - Henry W G Birt
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Anil Raghavendra
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Paul G Dennis
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Badger Hanson E, Docherty KM. Mini-review: Current and Future Perspectives on Microbially Focused Restoration Strategies in Tallgrass Prairies. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:1087-1097. [PMID: 36449026 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration is a critical conservation strategy, especially for increasing resilience and resistance to climate change. Current restoration efforts that convert reclaimed agricultural land to native tallgrass prairies typically focus on aboveground communities, but it can take decades to restore soil microbial biodiversity and function using these strategies, if they recover at all. This incomplete restoration can have detrimental impacts on longer-term restoration goals, such as supporting late-successional plant species and facilitating soil carbon sequestration. Soil microorganisms are key components in determining the fate of organic material that enters the soil. They mediate decomposition rates and contribute to plant-microbe-soil interactions, produce microbial biomass, necromass, and metabolic products, and physically protect soil carbon through aggregation. Interactions with plants and controls over soil carbon vary widely depending on the specific microbial taxa present, their physiology, their functional capabilities, and their responses to environmental stressors. Thus, the ability for new restorations, prairie conservation corridors, and prairies planted in marginal lands to act as carbon sinks and help balance greenhouse gas emissions can depend on the success of microbial restoration. Next-generation sequencing approaches can support novel methods for evaluating existing restoration practices and developing microbially focused management strategies. This review summarizes the growing body of literature describing microbially focused tallgrass prairie restoration and considers when and how integrating next-generation sequencing approaches into management efforts can be beneficial. We provide a roadmap for future restoration efforts where microbial ecologists, restoration ecologists, and land managers can work together to meet their goals to promote climate-ready restored ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Badger Hanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Kathryn M Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA.
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35
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Wen Z, Yang M, Han H, Fazal A, Liao Y, Ren R, Yin T, Qi J, Sun S, Lu G, Hu S, Yang Y. Mycorrhizae Enhance Soybean Plant Growth and Aluminum Stress Tolerance by Shaping the Microbiome Assembly in an Acidic Soil. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0331022. [PMID: 36916950 PMCID: PMC10100836 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03310-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongly acidic soils are characterized by high aluminum (Al) toxicity and low phosphorus (P) availability, which suppress legume plant growth and nodule development. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) stimulate rhizobia and enhance plant P uptake. However, it is unclear how this symbiotic soybean-AMF-rhizobial trio promotes soybean growth in acidic soils. We examined the effects of AMF and rhizobium addition on the growth of two soybean genotypes, namely, Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive soybeans as well as their associated bacterial and fungal communities in an acidic soil. With and without rhizobial addition, AMF significantly increased the fresh shoot and root biomass of Al-tolerant soybean by 47%/87% and 37%/24%, respectively. This increase in plant biomass corresponded to the enrichment of four plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizospheric soil, namely, Chitinophagaceae bacterium 4GSH07, Paraburkholderia soli, Sinomonas atrocyanea, and Aquincola tertiaricarbonis. For Al-sensitive soybean, AMF addition increased the fresh shoot and root biomass by 112%/64% and 30%/217%, respectively, with/without rhizobial addition. Interestingly, this significant increase coincided with a decrease in the pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae as well as an increase in S. atrocyanea, A. tertiaricarbonis, and Talaromyces verruculosus (a P-solubilizing fungus) in the rhizospheric soil. Lastly, the compartment niche along the soil-plant continuum shaped microbiome assembly, with pathogenic/saprotrophic microbes accumulating in the rhizospheric soil and PGPR related to nitrogen fixation or stress resistance (e.g., Rhizobium leguminosarum and Sphingomonas azotifigens) accumulating in the endospheric layer. IMPORTANCE Taken together, this study examined the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobial combinations on the growth of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive soybeans as well as their associated microbial communities in acidic soils and concluded that AMF enhances soybean growth and Al stress tolerance by recruiting PGPR and altering the root-associated microbiome assembly in a host-dependent manner. In the future, these findings will help us better understand the impacts of AMF on rhizosphere microbiome assembly and will contribute to the development of soybean breeding techniques for the comprehensive use of PGPR in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Wen
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Ren
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shucun Sun
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Shuijin Hu
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Tosi M, Ogilvie CM, Spagnoletti FN, Fournier S, Martin RC, Dunfield KE. Cover Crops Modulate the Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Water Supply: A Field Study in Corn. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12051015. [PMID: 36903877 PMCID: PMC10005079 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cover crops (CCs) were found to improve soil health by increasing plant diversity and ground cover. They may also improve water supply for cash crops by reducing evaporation and increasing soil water storage capacity. However, their influence on plant-associated microbial communities, including symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is less well understood. In a corn field trial, we studied the response of AMF to a four-species winter CC, relative to a no-CC control, as well as to two contrasting water supply levels (i.e., drought and irrigated). We measured AMF colonization of corn roots and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing to study the composition and diversity of soil AMF communities at two depths (i.e., 0-10 and 10-20 cm). In this trial, AMF colonization was high (61-97%), and soil AMF communities were represented by 249 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to 5 genera and 33 virtual taxa. Glomus, followed by Claroideoglomus and Diversispora (class Glomeromycetes), were the dominant genera. Our results showed interacting effects between CC treatments and water supply levels for most of the measured variables. The percentage of AMF colonization, arbuscules, and vesicles tended to be lower in irrigated than drought sites, with significant differences detected only under no-CC. Similarly, soil AMF phylogenetic composition was affected by water supply only in the no-CC treatment. Changes in the abundance of individual virtual taxa also showed strong interacting effects between CCs, irrigation, and sometimes soil depth, although CC effects were clearer than irrigation effects. An exception to these interactions was soil AMF evenness, which was higher in CC than no-CC, and higher under drought than irrigation. Soil AMF richness was not affected by the applied treatments. Our results suggest that CCs can affect the structure of soil AMF communities and modulate their response to water availability levels, although soil heterogeneity could influence the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Tosi
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cameron M. Ogilvie
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Federico N. Spagnoletti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Avda. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires C1417DSE, Argentina
| | - Sarah Fournier
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ralph C. Martin
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kari E. Dunfield
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Boussageon R, van Tuinen D, Lapadatescu C, Trépanier M, Vermersch E, Wipf D, Courty PE. Effects of field inoculation of potato tubers with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM 197,198 are cultivar dependent. Symbiosis 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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38
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Lv C, Wang C, Cai A, Zhou Z. Global magnitude of rhizosphere effects on soil microbial communities and carbon cycling in natural terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158961. [PMID: 36155049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rhizosphere is one of the most dynamic interfaces on the Earth. Understanding the magnitudes of rhizosphere effects (RE, difference in bio-physicochemical properties between rhizosphere and bulk soils) on soil microbial communities and their moderators is important for studying on below-ground carbon (C) cycling. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the REs on soil microbial biomass, community structure, respiration, and C-degrading enzymes. We found that REs on soil C and nutrients, total microbial biomass, the abundance of specific microbial groups, fungi to bacteria ratio, respiration, and C-degrading enzymes were positive, but the magnitudes were varied with biomes, plant functional types, and mycorrhizal types. REs on microbial biomass, respiration, and C-degrading enzymes increased with the increase of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, but decreased with the increase of soil clay, C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents. The REs on microbial biomass and respiration also increased as the REs on soil C:N:P increased. Compared with bulk soil, per unit rhizosphere soil C supported more microbial biomass, per unit of which respired more C, leading to faster C decomposition in rhizosphere. Our findings indicate that the increase in microbial biomass, co-metabolism induced by labile and energy-rich organic C of root exudates, and overflow respiration induced by stoichiometric imbalance together contribute to the enhanced C decomposition in rhizosphere. The global pattern of REs on soil microbial communities is critical to revealing the plant-microbe-soil interactions in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Lv
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Andong Cai
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Zhenghu Zhou
- Center for Ecological Research, Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Using moss as a bio-indicator to evaluate soil quality in litchi orchard. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278303. [PMID: 36584133 PMCID: PMC9803211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Moss, was frequently found growing in litchi orchards. However, less known about whether it can be used as a visual bio-indicator for evaluating soil fertility and health. Therefore, soil chemical and biological properties, microbial community structures and the metabolic functions of microbes in soils between moss- and non-moss-growth areas were analyzed using traditional and high-throughput sequencing technologies. The results showed that pH and the contents of and available phosphorus (AP) in moss growth areas were significantly lower than those of non-moss growth areas, but the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK) were significantly increased. In comparison with the soil of the non-moss-growth area, the abundances of hypotrophic microorganisms, such as Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria and WPS-2 enriched in the soil of the moss-grown area. Moreover, the proportions of eutrophic microorganisms, such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes also declined in the soils of the moss-growth area. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways of soil bacteria and fungi were also degraded in the moss-growth area. All above results indicated that not only lower soil fertility, but also soil microbial diversity also declined in moss growth area which compared to those of non-moss growth area. In one word, moss can be considered using as a visual bio-indicator for representing soil degradation in litchi orchards.
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Abdelhameed RE, Metwally RA. Assessment of beneficial fungal microorganism's bio-efficacy in stimulating morphological and physiological parameters of Allium cepa plants grown in soil amended with fish wastes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:617. [PMID: 36577948 PMCID: PMC9798718 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03965-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in the human consumption of fish results in the production of organic fish wastes (FW). For enhanced soil fertility and plant growth at a lower cost and without the negative impacts of chemical fertilizers, these wastes could be employed as a valuable organic fertilizer. To determine the synergistic bio-efficacy of Trichoderma sp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in stimulating the morphological and physiological characteristics of FW-fertilized Alium cepa, as well as to investigate their involvement in boosting soil fertility, the current study was carried out. Overall, eight treatments were applied as follows: AM, Trichoderma sp., AM + Trichoderma sp., FW, AM + FW, Trichoderma sp. + FW, AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW, and control. Growth and physiological assessments of onion plants were taken after 8 weeks from FW application. RESULTS Our results showed that FW application combined with AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. inoculations increased aggregate stability of the soil (glomalin content) and soil chitinase activity. Moreover, using the bio-inoculations along with FW amendments significantly (p < 0.05) improved the photosynthetic pigments, protein, carbohydrates, and nutrients content of onion plants. It's interesting to note that the triple interaction of AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW led to the greatest increase in plant height, root length, number of leaves, and leaf area as well as total fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. Besides, AM fungal colonization was at its highest percentage with Trichoderma sp. inoculation, although this percentage decreased with FW addition. CONCLUSION We concluded that the combined treatments of AM fungi and Trichoderma sp. along with FW application to the soil can be proposed as a successful strategy for plant performance in nutrient-deficient soils as both fungal inoculants are capable of degrading these wastes and converting them into manure suitable for farming so plants can uptake the minerals effortlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda E Abdelhameed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Rabab A Metwally
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Boosting Sustainable Agriculture by Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under Stress Condition: Mechanism and Future Prospective. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5275449. [PMID: 36619307 PMCID: PMC9815931 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5275449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Global agriculture is frequently subjected to stresses from increased salt content, drought, heavy metals, and other factors, which limit plant growth and production, deteriorate soil health, and constitute a severe danger to global food security. Development of environmentally acceptable mitigation techniques against stresses and restrictions on the use of chemical fertilizers in agricultural fields is essential. Therefore, eco-friendly practises must be kept to prevent the detrimental impacts of stress on agricultural regions. The advanced metabolic machinery needed to handle this issue is not now existent in plants to deal against the stresses. Research has shown that the key role and mechanisms of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) to enhance plant nutrient uptake, immobilisation and translocation of heavy metals, and plant growth-promoting attributes may be suitable agents for plant growth under diversed stressed condition. The successful symbiosis and the functional relationship between the plant and AMF may build the protective regulatory mechansm against the key challenge in particular stress. AMF's compatibility with hyperaccumulator plants has also been supported by studies on gene regulation and theoretical arguments. In order to address this account, the present review included reducing the impacts of biotic and abiotic stress through AMF, the mechanisms of AMF to improve the host plant's capacity to endure stress, and the strategies employed by AM fungus to support plant survival in stressful conditions.
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Keuschnig C, Martins JMF, Navel A, Simonet P, Larose C. Micro-fractionation shows microbial community changes in soil particles below 20 μm. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMicro-scale analysis of microbes in soil is essential to the overall understanding of microbial organization, interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Soil fractionation according to its aggregated structure has been used to access microbial habitats. While bacterial communities have been extensively described, little is known about the fungal communities at scales relevant to microbial interactions.MethodsWe applied a gentle soil fractionation method to preserve stable aggregated structures within the range of micro-aggregates and studied fungal and bacterial communities as well as nitrogen cycling potentials in the pristine Rothamsted Park Grass soil (bulk soil) as well as in its particle size fractions (PSFs; >250 μm, 250–63 μm, 63–20 μm, 20–2 μm, <2 μm, and supernatant).ResultsOverall bacterial and fungal community structures changed in PSFs below 20 μm. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota decreased with decreasing particle size over the entire measure range, while Ascomycota showed an increase and Mucoromycota became more prominent in particles below 20 μm. Bacterial diversity was found highest in the < 2 μm fraction, but only a few taxa were washed-off during the procedure and found in supernatant samples. These taxa have been associated with exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation (e.g., Pseudomonas, Massilia, Mucilaginibacter, Edaphobaculum, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, and Variovorax). The potential for nitrogen reduction was found elevated in bigger aggregates.DiscussionThe observed changes below 20 μm particle are in line with scales where microbes operate and interact, highlighting the potential to focus on little researched sub-fractions of micro-aggregates. The applied method shows potential for use in studies focusing on the role of microbial biofilms in soil and might also be adapted to research various other soil microbial functions. Technical advances in combination with micro-sampling methods in soil promise valuable output in soil studies when particles below 20 μm are included.
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Pu T, Liu J, Dong J, Qian J, Zhou Z, Xia C, Wei G, Duan B. Microbial community diversity and function analysis of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux in rhizosphere soil of farmlands in Southwest China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1055638. [PMID: 36590406 PMCID: PMC9797738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1055638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how microbial communities affect plant growth is crucial for sustainable productivity and ecological health. However, in contrast with the crop system, there is limited information on the microbial community associated with the medicinal plant. We observed that altitude was the most influential factor on the soil microbial community structures of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux. For community composition, bacterial reads were assigned to 48 phyla, with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota being the dominant phyla. The fungal reads were assigned to seven phyla, and Ascomycota was the predominant phylum detected in most groups. The four dominant phyla were categorized as keystone taxa in the co-occurrence networks, suggesting that they may be involved in soil disease suppression and nutrient mobility. Bacterial co-occurrence networks had fewer edges, lower average degree, and lower density at YL1, HQ1, HQ2, BC, and DL than fungal networks, creating less intricate rhizosphere network patterns. Furthermore, the bacterial and fungal communities showed strong distance decay of similarity across the sampling range. Overall, this study improves our understanding of regulating rhizosphere microbial communities in soil systems and also provides potential production strategies for planting A. carmichaelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jun Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Conglong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Guangfei Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China,Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Guangfei Wei, ; Baozhong Duan,
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China,*Correspondence: Guangfei Wei, ; Baozhong Duan,
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Plant-associated fungi support bacterial resilience following water limitation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2752-2762. [PMID: 36085516 PMCID: PMC9666503 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Drought disrupts soil microbial activity and many biogeochemical processes. Although plant-associated fungi can support plant performance and nutrient cycling during drought, their effects on nearby drought-exposed soil microbial communities are not well resolved. We used H218O quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) and 16S rRNA gene profiling to investigate bacterial community dynamics following water limitation in the hyphospheres of two distinct fungal lineages (Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita bescii) grown with the bioenergy model grass Panicum hallii. In uninoculated soil, a history of water limitation resulted in significantly lower bacterial growth potential and growth efficiency, as well as lower diversity in the actively growing bacterial community. In contrast, both fungal lineages had a protective effect on hyphosphere bacterial communities exposed to water limitation: bacterial growth potential, growth efficiency, and the diversity of the actively growing bacterial community were not suppressed by a history of water limitation in soils inoculated with either fungus. Despite their similar effects at the community level, the two fungal lineages did elicit different taxon-specific responses, and bacterial growth potential was greater in R. irregularis compared to S. bescii-inoculated soils. Several of the bacterial taxa that responded positively to fungal inocula belong to lineages that are considered drought susceptible. Overall, H218O qSIP highlighted treatment effects on bacterial community structure that were less pronounced using traditional 16S rRNA gene profiling. Together, these results indicate that fungal-bacterial synergies may support bacterial resilience to moisture limitation.
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Iacomino G, Idbella M, Laudonia S, Vinale F, Bonanomi G. The Suppressive Effects of Biochar on Above- and Belowground Plant Pathogens and Pests: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3144. [PMID: 36432873 PMCID: PMC9695804 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soilborne pathogens and pests in agroecosystems are serious problems that limit crop yields. In line with the development of more ecologically sustainable agriculture, the possibility of using biochar to control pests has been increasingly investigated in recent years. This work provides a general overview of disease and pest suppression using biochar. We present an updated view of the literature from 2015 to 2022 based on 61 articles, including 117 experimental case studies. We evaluated how different biochar production feedstocks, pyrolysis temperatures, application rates, and the pathosystems studied affected disease and pest incidence. Fungal pathogens accounted for 55% of the case studies, followed by bacteria (15%), insects and nematodes (8%), oomycetes and viruses (6%), and only 2% parasitic plants. The most commonly studied belowground pathogen species were Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici in fungi, Ralstonia solanacearum in bacteria, and Phytophthora capisci in oomycetes, while the most commonly studied pest species were Meloidogyne incognita in nematodes, Epitrix fuscula in insects, and both Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata in parasitic plants. Biochar showed suppression efficiencies of 86% for fungi, 100% for oomycetes, 100% for viruses, 96% for bacteria, and 50% for nematodes. Biochar was able to potentially control 20 fungal, 8 bacterial, and 2 viral plant pathogens covered by our review. Most studies used an application rate between 1% and 3%, a pyrolysis temperature between 500 °C and 600 °C, and a feedstock based on sawdust and wood waste. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain disease suppression by biochar, including induction of systemic resistance, enhancement of rhizosphere competence of the microbial community, and sorption of phytotoxic compounds of plant and/or microbial origin. Overall, it is important to standardize biochar feedstock and the rate of application to improve the beneficial effects on plants in terms of disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Iacomino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Mohamed Idbella
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania Laudonia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, BAT Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesco Vinale
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, BAT Center, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bonanomi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Sun Y, Huang Z, Chen S, Yang D, Lin X, Liu W, Yang S. Higher-Quality Pumpkin Cultivars Need to Recruit More Abundant Soil Microbes in Rhizospheres. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2219. [PMID: 36363811 PMCID: PMC9698040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two different qualities of pumpkin, cultivars G1519 and G1511, were grown in the same environment under identical management. However, their qualities, such as the contents of total soluble solids, starch, protein, and vitamin C, were significantly different. Do rhizospheric microbes contribute to pumpkin quality? To answer this question, this study investigated the soil microbial compositions in the rhizospheres of different quality pumpkin cultivars to determine the differences in these soil microbial compositions and thus determine how soil microbes may affect pumpkin quality. Firstly, a randomized complete block design with two pumpkin cultivars and three replications was performed in this study. The soil microbial compositions and structures in the rhizospheres of the two pumpkin cultivars were analyzed using a high-throughput sequencing technique. In comparison with the low-quality pumpkin cultivar (G1519), higher microbial diversity and richness could be found in the rhizospheres of the high-quality pumpkin cultivar (G1511). The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil bacterial and fungal community compositions in the rhizospheres of the high- and low-quality pumpkin cultivars. Although the compositions and proportions of microorganisms were similar in the rhizospheres of the two pumpkin cultivars, the proportions of Basidiomycota and Micropsalliota in the G1519 rhizosphere were much higher than those in the G1511 rhizosphere. Furthermore, the fungal phylum and genus Rozellomycota and Unclassified_p__Rozellomycota were unique in the rhizosphere of the high-quality pumpkin cultivar (G1511). All the above results indicate that soil microbes were enriched differentially in the rhizospheres of the low- and high-quality pumpkin cultivars. In other words, more abundant soil microbes were recruited in the rhizosphere of the high-quality pumpkin cultivar as compared to that of the low-quality cultivar. Rozellomycota and Unclassified_p__Rozellomycota may be functional microorganisms relating to pumpkin quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ziyue Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Da Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Li H, Zhao HM, Purchase D, Chen XW. Editorial: Microbial communities and functions contribute to plant performance under various stresses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992909. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Diversity and Benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Restored Riparian Plantations. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of vegetation for fuel wood, cattle, agriculture, and due to population pressure that negatively affects biodiversity values, more plantations are needed to obtain a permanent vegetal cover. Attention has been paid to microbial interactions (arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM)) for management and inoculation. To evaluate the benefits of inoculation, the root colonization of inoculated seedlings, soil aggregation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity were examined by two field treatments (fertilized with organic matter (OM) vs. fertilized with natural rock phosphate (P)). The preserved and experimental areas presented higher AMF spore number and richness (nine species) than the degraded areas. The addition of OM or P did not improve root colonization by AMF; however, it was a guarantee for a successful restoration as, in the restored fields, a high soil aggregation was found, in addition to a high root colonization, spore number, and richness of AMF. However, the undisturbed site presented the more prominent values. This study showed that AMF are important components in riparian areas, and it brings information for inoculant production in ecological restoration using mixed plantations, contributing to the establishment of mycorrhizal vegetation and soil aggregation that not only benefit AM plants, but also allow non-host plants in degraded areas.
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Bai Z, Zheng L, Bai Z, Jia A, Wang M. Long-term cultivation alter soil bacterial community in a forest-grassland transition zone. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001781. [PMID: 36246280 PMCID: PMC9557053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in land use types can significantly affect soil porperties and microbial community composition in many areas. However, the underlying mechanism of shift in bacterial communities link to soil properties is still unclear. In this study, Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the changes of soil bacterial communities in different land use types in a forest-grassland transition zone, North China. There are two different land use types: grassland (G) and cultivated land (CL). Meanwhile, cultivated land includes cultivated of 10 years (CL10) or 20 years (CL20). Compared with G, CL decreased soil pH, SOC and TN, and significantly increased soil EC, P and K, and soil properties varied significantly with different cultivation years. Grassland reclamation increases the diversity of bacterial communities, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Bacteroidetes increased, while that of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Rokubacteria and Verrucomicrobia decreased. However, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria decreased and the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Nitrospirae increased with the increase of cultivated land years. Mantel test and RDA analysis showed that TP, AP, SOC and EC were the main factors affecting the diversity of composition of bacterial communities. In conclusion, soil properties and bacterial communities were significantly altered after long-term cultivation. This study provides data support for land use and grassland ecological protection in this region.
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Natural Substrates and Culture Conditions to Produce Pigments from Potential Microbes in Submerged Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pigments from bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria, and microalgae have been gaining more demand in the food, leather, and textile industries due to their natural origin and effective bioactive functions. Mass production of microbial pigments using inexpensive and ecofriendly agro-industrial residues is gaining more demand in the current research due to their low cost, natural origin, waste utilization, and high pigment stimulating characteristics. A wide range of natural substrates has been employed in submerged fermentation as carbon and nitrogen sources to enhance the pigment production from these microorganisms to obtain the required quantity of pigments. Submerged fermentation is proven to yield more pigment when added with agro-waste residues. Hence, in this review, aspects of potential pigmented microbes such as diversity, natural substrates that stimulate more pigment production from bacteria, fungi, yeast, and a few microalgae under submerged culture conditions, pigment identification, and ecological functions are detailed for the benefit of industrial personnel, researchers, and other entrepreneurs to explore pigmented microbes for multifaceted applications. In addition, some important aspects of microbial pigments are covered herein to disseminate the knowledge.
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