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Mockett BG, Davies JWT, Mills ZB, Kweon DY, Abraham WC. Alpha-secretase inhibition impairs Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated protein synthesis, long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230481. [PMID: 38853546 PMCID: PMC11343310 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (Gp1-mGluRs) exert a host of effects on cellular functions, including enhancement of protein synthesis and the associated facilitation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and induction of long-term depression (LTD). However, the complete cascades of events mediating these events are not fully understood. Gp1-mGluRs trigger α-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, producing soluble amyloid precursor protein-α (sAPPα), a known regulator of LTP. However, the α-cleavage of APP has not previously been linked to Gp1-mGluR's actions. Using rat hippocampal slices, we found that the α-secretase inhibitor tumour necrosis factor-alpha protease inhibitor-1, which inhibits both disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and 17 (ADAM17) activity, blocked or reduced the ability of the Gp1-mGluR agonist (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) to stimulate protein synthesis, metaplastically prime future LTP and elicit sub-maximal LTD. In contrast, the specific ADAM10 antagonist GI254023X did not affect the regulation of plasticity, suggesting that ADAM17 but not ADAM10 is involved in mediating these effects of DHPG. However, neither drug affected LTD that was strongly induced by either high-concentration DHPG or paired-pulse synaptic stimulation. Our data suggest that moderate Gp1-mGluR activation triggers α-secretase sheddase activity targeting APP or other membrane-bound proteins as part of a more complex signalling cascade than previously envisioned. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce G. Mockett
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Aotearoa Brain Project, University of Otago, Dunedin9054, New Zealand
| | - James W. T. Davies
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Aotearoa Brain Project, University of Otago, Dunedin9054, New Zealand
| | - Zoë B. Mills
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Aotearoa Brain Project, University of Otago, Dunedin9054, New Zealand
| | - Do Y. Kweon
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Aotearoa Brain Project, University of Otago, Dunedin9054, New Zealand
| | - Wickliffe C. Abraham
- Department of Psychology, Brain Health Research Centre, Aotearoa Brain Project, University of Otago, Dunedin9054, New Zealand
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2
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Love RWB. Aniracetam: An Evidence-Based Model for Preventing the Accumulation of Amyloid-β Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1235-1241. [PMID: 38552113 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia in the world. It affects 6 million people in the United States and 50 million people worldwide. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques (Aβ), an increase in tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, and a loss of synapses. Since the 1990s, removing and reducing Aβ has been the focus of Alzheimer's treatment and prevention research. The accumulation of Aβ can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, neurotoxicity, and eventually apoptosis. These insults impair signaling systems in the brain, potentially leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. Aniracetam is a safe, effective, cognitive-enhancing drug that improves memory in both human and animal studies. Aniracetam may prevent the production and accumulation of Aβ by increasing α-secretase activity through two distinct pathways: 1) increasing brain derived neurotrophic factor expression and 2) positively modulating metabotropic glutamate receptors. This is the first paper to propose an evidence-based model for aniracetam reducing the accumulation and production of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W B Love
- Research Department, Brain Fit For Life, LLC, Lewes, DE, USA
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3
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Revol RS, Koistinen NA, Menon PK, Chicote-Gonzàlez A, Iverfeldt K, Ström AL. Alpha-secretase dependent nuclear localization of the amyloid-β precursor protein-binding protein Fe65 promotes DNA repair. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 127:103903. [PMID: 37918552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe65 is a brain enriched adaptor protein involved in various cellular processes, including actin cytoskeleton regulation, DNA repair and transcription. A well-studied interacting partner of Fe65 is the transmembrane amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), which can undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). Following β- and γ-secretase-mediated RIP, the released APP intracellular domain (AICD) together with Fe65 can translocate to the nucleus and regulate transcription. In this study, we investigated if Fe65 nuclear localization can also be regulated by different α-secretases, also known to participate in RIP of APP and other transmembrane proteins. We found that in both Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and all-trans retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells a strong negative impact on Fe65 nuclear localization, equal to the effect observed upon γ-secretase inhibition, could be detected following inhibition of all three (ADAM9, ADAM10 and ADAM17) α-secretases. Moreover, using the comet assay and analysis of Fe65 dependent DNA repair associated posttranslational modifications of histones, we could show that inhibition of α-secretase-mediated Fe65 nuclear translocation resulted in impaired capacity of the cells to repair DNA damage. Taken together this suggests that α-secretase processing of APP and/or other Fe65 interacting transmembrane proteins play an important role in regulating Fe65 nuclear translocation and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Revol
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niina A Koistinen
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Preeti K Menon
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kerstin Iverfeldt
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Ström
- Stockholm University, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Mankhong S, Kim S, Moon S, Choi SH, Kwak HB, Park DH, Shah P, Lee PH, Yang SW, Kang JH. Circulating micro-RNAs Differentially Expressed in Korean Alzheimer's Patients With Brain Aβ Accumulation Activate Amyloidogenesis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:292-303. [PMID: 35532940 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roles for extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched with micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, leading to the discovery of blood miRNAs as AD biomarkers. However, the diagnostic utility of specific miRNAs is not consistent. This study aimed to discover blood miRNAs that are differentially expressed in Korean AD patients, evaluate their clinical performance, and investigate their role in amyloidogenesis. METHODS We discovered miRNAs differentially expressed in AD (N = 8) from cognitively normal participants (CN, N = 7) or Parkinson's disease (PD) patients (N = 8). We evaluated the clinical performance of these miRNAs in plasma of subgroup (N = 99) and in plasma EVs isolated from the total cohort (N = 251). The effects of miRNAs on amyloidogenesis and on the regulation of their target genes were investigated in vitro. RESULTS Among 17 upregulated and one downregulated miRNAs in AD (>twofold), miR-122-5p, miR-210-3p, and miR-590-5p were differentially expressed compared with CN or PD. However, the diagnostic performance of the selected plasma or EV miRNAs in total participants were limited (area under the curve < 0.8). Nevertheless, levels of 3 miRNAs in plasma or plasma EVs of participants who were amyloid positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) positive were significantly higher than those from the Aβ-PET negative participants (p < .05). The selected miRNAs induced Aβ production (p < .05) through activation of β-cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (CTF-β; p < .01), and downregulated their target genes (ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and Jagged canonical notch ligand 1; p < .05), which was further supported by pathway enrichment analysis of target genes of the miRNAs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, despite of the limited diagnostic utility of selected miRNAs as plasma or plasma EV biomarkers, the discovered miRNAs may play a role in amyloidogenesis during AD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hye Choi
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratik Shah
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Wook Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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5
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Elsworthy RJ, Dunleavy C, Whitham M, Aldred S. Exercise for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease: Multiple pathways to promote non-amyloidogenic AβPP processing. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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6
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Vitória JJM, Trigo D, da Cruz E Silva OAB. Revisiting APP secretases: an overview on the holistic effects of retinoic acid receptor stimulation in APP processing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:101. [PMID: 35089425 PMCID: PMC11073327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and is characterized by the accumulation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain, along with profound alterations in phosphorylation-related events and regulatory pathways. The production of the neurotoxic Aβ peptide via amyloid precursor protein (APP) proteolysis is a crucial step in AD development. APP is highly expressed in the brain and is complexly metabolized by a series of sequential secretases, commonly denoted the α-, β-, and γ-cleavages. The toxicity of resulting fragments is a direct consequence of the first cleaving event. β-secretase (BACE1) induces amyloidogenic cleavages, while α-secretases (ADAM10 and ADAM17) result in less pathological peptides. Hence this first cleavage event is a prime therapeutic target for preventing or reverting initial biochemical events involved in AD. The subsequent cleavage by γ-secretase has a reduced impact on Aβ formation but affects the peptides' aggregating capacity. An array of therapeutic strategies are being explored, among them targeting Retinoic Acid (RA) signalling, which has long been associated with neuronal health. Additionally, several studies have described altered RA levels in AD patients, reinforcing RA Receptor (RAR) signalling as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review we provide a holistic approach focussing on the effects of isoform-specific RAR modulation with respect to APP secretases and discuss its advantages and drawbacks in subcellular AD related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J M Vitória
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diogo Trigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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7
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer's disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:4. [PMID: 35090576 PMCID: PMC8796548 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic abnormalities are a cardinal feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are known to arise as the disease progresses. A growing body of evidence suggests that pathological alterations to neuronal circuits and synapses may provide a mechanistic link between amyloid β (Aβ) and tau pathology and thus may serve as an obligatory relay of the cognitive impairment in AD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) play an important role in maintaining synaptic plasticity in learning and memory. Considering AD as a synaptic disorder, BDNF has attracted increasing attention as a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutical molecule for AD. Although depletion of BDNF has been linked with Aβ accumulation, tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, the exact mechanisms underlying the effect of impaired BDNF signaling on AD are still unknown. Here, we present an overview of how BDNF genomic structure is connected to factors that regulate BDNF signaling. We then discuss the role of BDNF in AD and the potential of BDNF-targeting therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gao
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Keenan Sterling
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Weihong Song
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, 325001, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Eggert S, Kins S, Endres K, Brigadski T. Brothers in arms: proBDNF/BDNF and sAPPα/Aβ-signaling and their common interplay with ADAM10, TrkB, p75NTR, sortilin, and sorLA in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Biol Chem 2022; 403:43-71. [PMID: 34619027 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important modulator for a variety of functions in the central nervous system (CNS). A wealth of evidence, such as reduced mRNA and protein level in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients implicates a crucial role of BDNF in the progression of this disease. Especially, processing and subcellular localization of BDNF and its receptors TrkB and p75 are critical determinants for survival and death in neuronal cells. Similarly, the amyloid precursor protein (APP), a key player in Alzheimer's disease, and its cleavage fragments sAPPα and Aβ are known for their respective roles in neuroprotection and neuronal death. Common features of APP- and BDNF-signaling indicate a causal relationship in their mode of action. However, the interconnections of APP- and BDNF-signaling are not well understood. Therefore, we here discuss dimerization properties, localization, processing by α- and γ-secretase, relevance of the common interaction partners TrkB, p75, sorLA, and sortilin as well as shared signaling pathways of BDNF and sAPPα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
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9
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Liang YY, Zhang LD, Luo X, Wu LL, Chen ZW, Wei GH, Zhang KQ, Du ZA, Li RZ, So KF, Li A. All roads lead to Rome - a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1210-1227. [PMID: 34782555 PMCID: PMC8643060 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.325012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan, leading to considerable economic and social burdens. Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective, impractical, and expensive. Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise (called “exerkines”) help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition, emotion, and psychomotor coordination. Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well. This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise. The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages, genders, and health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Dan Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Hao Wei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ze-An Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ren-Zhi Li
- International Department of the Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University; Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Jinan University), Ministry of Education; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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10
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Halakos EG, Connell AJ, Glazewski L, Wei S, Mason RW. Bottom up proteomics identifies neuronal differentiation pathway networks activated by cathepsin inhibition treatment in neuroblastoma cells that are enhanced by concurrent 13-cis retinoic acid treatment. J Proteomics 2020; 232:104068. [PMID: 33278663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the second most common pediatric cancer involving the peripheral nervous system in which stage IVS metastatic tumors regress due to spontaneous differentiation. 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA) is currently used in the clinic for its differentiation effects and although it improves outcomes, relapse is seen in half of high-risk patients. Combinatorial therapies have been shown to be more effective in oncotherapy and since cathepsin inhibition reduces tumor growth, we explored the potential of coupling 13-cis RA with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) to enhance therapeutic efficacy against neuroblastoma. Shotgun proteomics was used to identify proteins affected by K777 and dual (13-cis RA/K777) treatment in neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Cathepsin inhibition was more effective in increasing proteins involved in neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth than 13-cis RA alone, but the combination of both treatments enhanced the neuronal differentiation effect. SIGNIFICANCE: As neuroblastoma can spontaneously differentiate, determining which proteins are involved in differentiation can guide development of more accurate diagnostic markers and more effective treatments. In this study, we established a differentiation proteomic map of SK-N-SH cells treated with a cathepsin inhibitor (K777) and K777/13-cis RA (dual). Bioinformatic analysis revealed these treatments enhanced neuronal differentiation and axonogenesis pathways. The most affected proteins in these pathways may become valuable biomarkers of efficacy of drugs designed to enhance differentiation of neuroblastoma [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Effie G Halakos
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Andrew J Connell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lisa Glazewski
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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11
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Krishtal J, Metsla K, Bragina O, Tõugu V, Palumaa P. Toxicity of Amyloid-β Peptides Varies Depending on Differentiation Route of SH-SY5Y Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:879-887. [PMID: 31450506 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a currently incurable neurodegenerative disorder being the major form of dementia worldwide. AD pathology is initiated by cerebral aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the form of amyloid plaques; however, the mechanism how Aβ peptide aggregates participate in the disease progression and neurodegeneration is still under debate. Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is a convenient cellular model, which is widely used in biochemical and toxicological studies of neurodegenerative diseases. This model can be further improved by differentiation of the cells toward more neuron-like culture using different protocols. In the current study, dbcAMP, retinoic acid with TPA, or BDNF were used for differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, and the resulting cultures were tested for the toxicity toward the Aβ42 peptide. The toxicity of Aβ42 peptide depended on the type of differentiated cells: RA and TPA- differentiated cells were most resistant, whereas dbcAMP and RA/BDNF- differentiated cells were more sensitive to Aβ toxicity as compared with non-differentiated cells. The differentiated cultures provide more appropriate cellular models of human origin that can be used for studies of the mechanism of Aβ pathogenesis and for a screening of compounds antagonistic to the toxicity of Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jekaterina Krishtal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristel Metsla
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peep Palumaa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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12
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Ray B, Maloney B, Sambamurti K, Karnati HK, Nelson PT, Greig NH, Lahiri DK. Rivastigmine modifies the α-secretase pathway and potentially early Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:47. [PMID: 32066688 PMCID: PMC7026402 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rivastigmine (or Exelon) is a cholinesterase inhibitor, currently used as a symptomatic treatment for mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) generated from its precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (or BACE1) and γ-secretase endoproteolysis. Alternative APP cleavage by α-secretase (a family of membrane-bound metalloproteases- Adamalysins) precludes the generation of toxic Aβ and yields a neuroprotective and neurotrophic secreted sAPPα fragment. Several signal transduction pathways, including protein kinase C and MAP kinase, stimulate α-secretase. We present data to suggest that rivastigmine, in addition to anticholinesterase activity, directs APP processing away from BACE1 and towards α-secretases. We treated rat neuronal PC12 cells and primary human brain (PHB) cultures with rivastigmine and the α-secretase inhibitor TAPI and assayed for levels of APP processing products and α-secretases. We subsequently treated 3×Tg (transgenic) mice with rivastigmine and harvested hippocampi to assay for levels of APP processing products. We also assayed postmortem human control, AD, and AD brains from subjects treated with rivastigmine for levels of APP metabolites. Rivastigmine dose-dependently promoted α-secretase activity by upregulating levels of ADAM-9, -10, and -17 α-secretases in PHB cultures. Co-treatment with TAPI eliminated rivastigmine-induced sAPPα elevation. Rivastigmine treatment elevated levels of sAPPα in 3×Tg mice. Consistent with these results, we also found elevated sAPPα in postmortem brain samples from AD patients treated with rivastigmine. Rivastigmine can modify the levels of several shedding proteins and directs APP processing toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway. This novel property of rivastigmine can be therapeutically exploited for disease-modifying intervention that goes beyond symptomatic treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balmiki Ray
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Bryan Maloney
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kumar Sambamurti
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425 SC USA
| | - Hanuma K. Karnati
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913National Institute on Aging, Drug Design and Development Section, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- grid.419475.a0000 0000 9372 4913National Institute on Aging, Drug Design and Development Section, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Debomoy K. Lahiri
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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13
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Lin TW, Tsai SF, Kuo YM. Physical Exercise Enhances Neuroplasticity and Delays Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Plast 2018; 4:95-110. [PMID: 30564549 PMCID: PMC6296269 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-180073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that exercise can improve learning and memory as well as attenuate neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to improving neuroplasticity by altering the synaptic structure and function in various brain regions, exercise also modulates systems like angiogenesis and glial activation that are known to support neuroplasticity. Moreover, exercise helps to maintain a cerebral microenvironment that facilitates synaptic plasticity by enhancing the clearance of Aβ, one of the main culprits of AD pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to highlight the positive impacts of exercise on promoting neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms involved in exercise-modulated neuroplasticity are also discussed. Undoubtedly, more studies are needed to design an optimal personalized exercise protocol for enhancing brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Kuo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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14
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Wang R, Holsinger RMD. Exercise-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression: Therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 48:109-121. [PMID: 30326283 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that moderate intensity aerobic exercise is positively correlated with cognitive function and memory. However, the exact mechanisms underlying such improvements remain unclear. Recent research in animal models allows proposition of a pathway in which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key mediator. This perspective draws upon evidence from animal and human studies to highlight such a mechanism whereby exercise drives synthesis and accumulation of neuroactive metabolites such as myokines and ketone bodies in the periphery and in the hippocampus to enhance BDNF expression. BDNF is a neurotrophin with well-established properties of promoting neuronal survival and synaptic integrity, while its influence on energy transduction may provide the crucial link between inherent vascular and metabolic benefits of exercise with enhanced brain function. Indeed, BDNF mRNA and protein is robustly elevated in rats following periods of voluntary exercise. This was also correlated with improved spatial memory, while such benefits were abolished upon inhibition of BDNF signaling. Similarly, both BDNF and cardiovascular fitness arising from aerobic exercise have been positively associated with hippocampal volume and function in humans. We postulate that exercise will attenuate cortical atrophy and synaptic loss inherent to neurodegenerative disorders - many of which also exhibit aberrant down-regulation of BDNF. Thus, the proposed link between BDNF, exercise and cognition may have critical therapeutic implications for the prevention and amelioration of memory loss and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and associated dementias.
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15
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Shen Y, Ye B, Chen P, Wang Q, Fan C, Shu Y, Xiang M. Cognitive Decline, Dementia, Alzheimer's Disease and Presbycusis: Examination of the Possible Molecular Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:394. [PMID: 29937713 PMCID: PMC6002513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidences of presbycusis and dementia are high among geriatric diseases. Presbycusis is the general term applied to age-related hearing loss and can be caused by many risk factors, such as noise exposure, smoking, medication, hypertension, family history, and other factors. Mutation of mitochondrial DNA in hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and stria vascularis cells of the cochlea is the basic mechanism of presbycusis. Dementia is a clinical syndrome that includes the decline of cognitive and conscious states and is caused by many neurodegenerative diseases, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common. The amyloid cascade hypothesis and tau hypothesis are the two major hypotheses that describe the AD pathogenic mechanism. Recent studies have shown that deposition of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein may cause mitochondrial dysfunction. An increasing number of papers have reported that, on one hand, the auditory system function in AD patients is damaged as their cognitive ability declines and that, on the other hand, hearing loss may be a risk factor for dementia and AD. However, the relationship between presbycusis and AD is still unknown. By reviewing the relevant literature, we found that the SIRT1-PGC1α pathway and LKB1 (or CaMKKβ)-AMPK pathway may play a role in the preservation of cerebral neuron function by taking part in the regulation of mitochondrial function. Then vascular endothelial growth factor signal pathway is activated to promote vascular angiogenesis and maintenance of the blood–brain barrier integrity. Recently, experiments have also shown that their expression levels are altered in both presbycusis and AD mouse models. Therefore, we propose that exploring the specific molecular link between presbycusis and AD may provide new ideas for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Penghui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilai Shu
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
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16
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Luu L, Ciccotosto GD, Vella LJ, Cheng L, Roisman LC, Multhaup G, Hill AF, Munter LM, Cappai R. Amyloid Precursor Protein Dimerisation Reduces Neurite Outgrowth. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:13-28. [PMID: 29675574 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes extensive metabolism, and its transport and proteolytic processing can be modulated by its ability to form a homodimer. We have investigated the functional consequences of stabilised APP dimer expression in cells by studying the engineered dimerisation of the APPL17C (residue 17 in Aβ sequence) construct, which is associated with a 30% increase in APP dimer expression, on APP's neurite outgrowth promoting activity. Overexpression of APPL17C in SH-SY5Y cells decreased neurite outgrowth upon retinoic acid differentiation as compared to overexpressing APPWT cells. The APPL17C phenotype was rescued by replacing the APPL17C media with conditioned media from APPWT cells, indicating that the APPL17C mutant is impairing the secretion of a neuritogenic promoting factor. APPL17C had altered transport and was localised in the endoplasmic reticulum. Defining the molecular basis of the APPL17C phenotype showed that RhoA GTPase activity, a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth, was increased in APPL17C cells. RhoA activity was decreased after APPWT conditioned media rescue. Moreover, treatment with the RhoA inhibitor, Y27632, restored a wild-type morphology to the APPL17C cells. Small RNAseq analysis of APPL17C and APPWT cells identified several differentially expressed miRNAs relating to neurite outgrowth. Of these, miR-34a showed the greatest decrease in expression. Lentiviral-mediated overexpression of miR-34a rescued neurite outgrowth in APPL17C cells to APPWT levels and changed RhoA activation. This study has identified a novel link between APP dimerisation and its neuritogenic activity which is mediated by miR-34a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Luu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura J Vella
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Laila C Roisman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Gerhard Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Munter
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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17
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MacPherson REK. Filling the void: a role for exercise-induced BDNF and brain amyloid precursor protein processing. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R585-R593. [PMID: 28814391 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00255.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inactivity, obesity, and insulin resistance are significant risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have demonstrated that diet-induced obesity, inactivity, and insulin resistance exacerbate the neuropathological hallmarks of AD. The aggregation of β-amyloid peptides is one of these hallmarks. β-Site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, leading to β-amyloid peptide formation. Understanding how BACE1 content and activity are regulated is essential for establishing therapies aimed at reducing and/or slowing the progression of AD. Exercise training has been proven to reduce the risk of AD as well as decrease β-amyloid production and BACE1 content and/or activity. However, these long-term interventions also result in improvements in adiposity, circulating metabolites, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity making it difficult to determine the direct effects of exercise on brain APP processing. This review highlights this large void in our knowledge and discusses our current understanding of the direct of effect of exercise on β-amyloid production. We have concentrated on the central role that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play in mediating the direct effects of exercise on reducing brain BACE1 content and activity as well as β-amyloid production. Future studies should aim to generate a greater understanding of how obesity and exercise can directly alter APP processing and AD-related pathologies. This knowledge could provide evidence-based hypotheses for designing therapies to reduce the risk of AD and dementia.
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18
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Zeng J, Chen L, Wang Z, Chen Q, Fan Z, Jiang H, Wu Y, Ren L, Chen J, Li T, Song W. Marginal vitamin A deficiency facilitates Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:967-982. [PMID: 28130638 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1669-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid β protein (Aβ) to form neuritic plaques in the brain is the unique pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is derived from amyloid β precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase cleavages and turned over by glia in the central nervous system (CNS). Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been shown to affect cognitive functions. Marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) is a serious and widespread public health problem among pregnant women and children in developing countries. However, the role of MVAD in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. Our study showed that MVAD is approximately twofold more prevalent than VAD in the elderly, and increased cognitive decline is positively correlated with lower VA levels. We found that MVAD, mostly prenatal MVAD, promotes beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-mediated Aβ production and neuritic plaque formation, and significantly exacerbates memory deficits in AD model mice. Supplementing a therapeutic dose of VA rescued the MVAD-induced memory deficits. Taken together, our study demonstrates that MVAD facilitates AD pathogenesis and VA supplementation improves cognitive deficits. These results suggest that VA supplementation might be a potential approach for AD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zeng
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Li Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Qian Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hongpeng Jiang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lan Ren
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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19
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Tanila H. The role of BDNF in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 97:114-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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20
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Treatment with the neurotoxic Aβ (25-35) peptide modulates the expression of neuroprotective factors Pin1, Sirtuin 1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:271-6. [PMID: 26915812 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of Amyloid β peptide plaques is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Aβ (25-35) peptide is regarded as the toxic fragment of full-length Aβ (1-42). The mechanism of its toxicity is not completely understood, along with its contribution to AD pathological processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the neurotoxic Aβ (25-35) peptide on the expression of the neuroprotective factors Pin1, Sirtuin1, and Bdnf in human neuroblastoma cells. Levels of Pin1, Sirtuin 1, and Bdnf were compared by real-time PCR and Western blotting in SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aβ (25-35) or administration vehicle. The level of Pin1 gene and protein expression was significantly decreased in cells exposed to 25 μM Aβ (25-35) compared to vehicle-treated controls. Similarly, Sirtuin1 expression was significantly reduced by Aβ (25-35) exposure. In contrast, both Bdnf mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased by Aβ (25-35) treatment, suggesting the activation of a compensatory response to the insult. Both Pin1 and Sirtuin 1 exert a protective role by reducing the probability of plaque deposition, since they promote amyloid precursor protein processing through non-amyloidogenic pathways. The present results show that Aβ (25-35) peptide reduced the production of these neuroprotective proteins, thus further increasing Aβ generation.
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21
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Phosphorylation of Fe65 amyloid precursor protein-binding protein in response to neuronal differentiation. Neurosci Lett 2015; 613:54-9. [PMID: 26742640 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe65 is a brain enriched multi domain adaptor protein involved in diverse cellular functions. One of its binding partners is the amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein (APP), which after sequential proteolytic processing by secretases gives rise to the Alzheimer's Aβ peptide. Fe65 binds to the APP intracellular domain (AICD). Several studies have indicated that Fe65 binding promotes the amyloidogenic processing of APP. It has previously been shown that expression of APP increases concomitantly with a shift of its processing to the non-amyloidogenic pathway during neuronal differentiation. In this study we wanted to investigate the effects of neuronal differentiation on Fe65 expression. We observed that differentiation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells induced by retinoic acid (RA), the phorbol ester PMA, or the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT resulted in an electrophoretic mobility shift of Fe65. Similar effects were observed in rat PC6.3 cells treated with nerve growth factor. The electrophoretic mobility shift was shown to be due to phosphorylation. Previous studies have shown that Fe65 phosphorylation can prevent the APP-Fe65 interaction. We propose that phosphorylation is a way to modify the functions of Fe65 and to promote the non-amyloidogenic processing of APP during neuronal differentiation.
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22
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The alpha secretase ADAM10: A metalloprotease with multiple functions in the brain. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 135:1-20. [PMID: 26522965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the 'A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase' (ADAM) family are membrane-anchored proteases that are able to cleave the extracellular domains of several membrane-bound proteins in a process known as 'ectodomain shedding'. In the central nervous system, ADAM10 has attracted the most attention, since it was described as the amyloid precursor protein α-secretase over ten years ago. Despite the excitement over the potential of ADAM10 as a novel drug target in Alzheimer disease, the physiological functions of ADAM10 in the brain are not yet well understood. This is largely because of the embryonic lethality of ADAM10-deficient mice, which results from the loss of cleavage and signaling of the Notch receptor, another ADAM10 substrate. However, the recent generation of conditional ADAM10-deficient mice and the identification of further ADAM10 substrates in the brain has revealed surprisingly numerous and fundamental functions of ADAM10 in the development of the embryonic brain and also in the homeostasis of adult neuronal networks. Mechanistically, ADAM10 controls these functions by utilizing unique postsynaptic substrates in the central nervous system, in particular synaptic cell adhesion molecules, such as neuroligin-1, N-cadherin, NCAM, Ephrin A2 and A5. Consequently, a dysregulation of ADAM10 activity is linked to psychiatric and neurological diseases, such as epilepsy, fragile X syndrome and Huntington disease. This review highlights the recent progress in understanding the substrates and function as well as the regulation and cell biology of ADAM10 in the central nervous system and discusses the value of ADAM10 as a drug target in brain diseases.
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23
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Martins F, Rebelo S, Santos M, Cotrim CZ, da Cruz e Silva EF, da Cruz e Silva OAB. BRI2 and BRI3 are functionally distinct phosphoproteins. Cell Signal 2015; 28:130-44. [PMID: 26515131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Three BRI protein family members have been identified. Among these are BRI3 and BRI2, the latter is associated with Familial Danish and Familial British dementias. 'In silico' sequence analysis identified putative PP1 binding sites in BRI2 and BRI3. This is singularly important, given that protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating intracellular processes. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) interacting proteins (PIPs) are fundamental in determining substrate specificity and subcellular localization of this phosphatase. More than 200 PIPs have thus far been reported. Both BRI2 and BRI3 are type II transmembrane glycoproteins relevant in neuronal systems. Using Myc-BRI2 and Myc-BRI3, wild type and PP1 binding mutant constructs, it was possible to show, for the first time, that in fact BRI2 and BRI3 bind PP1. The complexes BRI2:PP1 and BRI3:PP1 were validated in vitro and in vivo. The subcellular distribution of BRI2 and BRI3 is similar; both localize to the perinuclear area and Golgi apparatus in non-neuronal cells. However, in SH-SY5Y cells, BRI2 and BRI3 could also be detected in elongated cellular projections ('processes') and in rat cortical neurons both are broadly distributed throughout the cell body, neuritis and the nucleus. Consistently, co-localization of BRI2 and BRI3 with PP1 was evident. The functional significance of these complexes is apparent given that both BRI proteins are substrates of PP1, thus simultaneously this is the first report of BRI2 and BRI3 as phosphoproteins. Moreover, we show that when BRI2 is phosphorylated a significant increase in neuronal outgrowth and differentiation is evident. Interestingly, the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), forms a trimeric complex composed of PP1 and Fe65, with PP1 having the capacity to dephosphorylate APP at Thr668 residue. The emerging consensus appears to be that PP1 containing complexes are crucial in regulating signaling events underlying neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Martins
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cândida Zita Cotrim
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Edgar F da Cruz e Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz e Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular, Centro de Biologia Celular, iBiMED, SACS, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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24
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Panmanee J, Nopparat C, Chavanich N, Shukla M, Mukda S, Song W, Vincent B, Govitrapong P. Melatonin regulates the transcription of βAPP-cleaving secretases mediated through melatonin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:308-20. [PMID: 26123100 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in the control of various physiological functions, such as sleep, cell growth and free radical scavenging. The ability of melatonin to behave as an antioxidant, together with the fact that the Alzheimer-related amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) triggers oxidative stress through hydroxyl radical-induced cell death, suggests that melatonin could reduce Alzheimer's pathology. Although the exact etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains to be established, excess Aβ is believed to be the primary contributor to the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD. Aβ peptides are produced via the sequential cleavage of β-secretase β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and γ-secretase (PS1/PS2), while α-secretase (ADAM10) prevents the production of Aβ peptides. We hypothesized that melatonin could inhibit BACE1 and PS1/PS2 and enhance ADAM10 expression. Using the human neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line, we found that melatonin inhibited BACE1 and PS1 and activated ADAM10 mRNA level and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner and mediated via melatonin G protein-coupled receptors. Melatonin inhibits BACE1 and PS1 protein expressions through the attenuation of nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation (pNF-κB). Moreover, melatonin reduced BACE1 promoter transactivation and consequently downregulated β-secretase catalytic activity. The present data show that melatonin is not only a potential regulator of β/γ-secretase but also an activator of α-secretase expression through the activation of protein kinase C, thereby favoring the nonamyloidogenic pathway over the amyloidogenic pathway. Altogether, our findings suggest that melatonin may be a potential therapeutic agent for reducing the risk of AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Panmanee
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Napapit Chavanich
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Mayuri Shukla
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Sujira Mukda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Weihong Song
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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da Rocha JF, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Vieira SI. Analysis of the amyloid precursor protein role in neuritogenesis reveals a biphasic SH-SY5Y neuronal cell differentiation model. J Neurochem 2015; 134:288-301. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Fernandes da Rocha
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular; CBC and iBiMED; Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular; CBC and iBiMED; Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sandra Isabel Vieira
- Laboratório de Neurociências e Sinalização Celular; CBC and iBiMED; Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde; Universidade de Aveiro; Aveiro Portugal
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26
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Banik A, Prabhakar S, Kalra J, Anand A. Effect of human umbilical cord blood derived lineage negative stem cells transplanted in amyloid-β induced cognitive impaired mice. Behav Brain Res 2015; 291:46-59. [PMID: 25989508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tangles made up of phosphorylated tau in brain. Several therapeutic approaches are being carried out in animal AD models for testing their safety and efficacy in altering disease pathology and behavioral deficits. Very few studies have examined the effect of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) derived stem cells in degenerative disease models despite growing number of cord blood banks worldwide. Here we have examined the therapeutic efficacy of hUCB derived lineage negative (Lin -ve) stem cells in alleviating behavioral and neuropathological deficits in a mouse model of cognitive impairment induced by bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ-42. Lin -ve cells were transplanted at two doses (50,000 and 100,000) at the site of injury and examined at 10 and 60 days post transplantation for rescue of memory deficits. These cells were found to ameliorate cognitive impairment in 50,000-60 days and 100,000-10 days groups whereas, 50,000-10 days and 100,000-60 days groups could not exert any significant improvement. Further, mice showing spatial memory improvement were mediated by up-regulation of BDNF, CREB and also by concomitant down regulation of Fas-L in their brain. The transplanted cells were found in the host tissue and survived up to 60 days without expressing markers of neuronal differentiation or reducing Aβ burden in mouse brain. We suggest that these undifferentiated cells could exert neuroprotective effects either through inhibiting apoptosis and/or trophic effects in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Banik
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudesh Prabhakar
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasvinder Kalra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Zhang H, Gao Y, Zhao FL, Qiao PF, Yan Y. Hydrogen sulfide-induced processing of the amyloid precursor protein in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells involves the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:265-72. [PMID: 25293506 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently categorized as a gasotransmitter, and it may be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. However, whether H2S induces amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing remains unknown. In the present study, we tested the ability of H2S to mediate APP processing in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We treated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with a range of sodium hydrosulfide (H2S donor) concentrations. Western blot analysis showed that H2S increased the generation of C83 and decreased the production of C99. Meanwhile, H2S increased the levels of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) mRNA and protein, but had no effect on TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE, also known as ADAM17) mRNA and protein levels. H2S also induced a significant decrease of extracellular amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). Furthermore, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were assayed for activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) pathway. H2S activated the PI3-K pathway. Using specific inhibitor of PI3-K, we determined that the effects of H2S on APP processing and Aβ42 were blocked by LY 294002 (PI3-K inhibitor). These data indicate that H2S can induce APP processing, and this effect is dependent on activation of the PI3-K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China,
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Zeng F, Zou HQ, Zhou HD, Li J, Wang L, Cao HY, Yi X, Wang X, Liang CR, Wang YR, Zhang AQ, Tan XL, Peng KR, Zhang LL, Gao CY, Xu ZQ, Wen AQ, Lian Y, Zhou XF, Wang YJ. The relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the NTRK2 gene and sporadic Alzheimer's disease in the Chinese Han population. Neurosci Lett 2013; 550:55-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chaker S, Kashat L, Voisin S, Kaur J, Kak I, MacMillan C, Ozcelik H, Michael Siu KW, Ralhan R, Walfish PG. Secretome proteins as candidate biomarkers for aggressive thyroid carcinomas. Proteomics 2013; 13:771-87. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seham Chaker
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lawrence Kashat
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sebastien Voisin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ipshita Kak
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Christina MacMillan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Hilmi Ozcelik
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital L6-303; Toronto ON Canada
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine; Endocrine Division; Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto Medical School; Toronto ON Canada. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Prox J, Willenbrock M, Weber S, Lehmann T, Schmidt-Arras D, Schwanbeck R, Saftig P, Schwake M. Tetraspanin15 regulates cellular trafficking and activity of the ectodomain sheddase ADAM10. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2919-32. [PMID: 22446748 PMCID: PMC11114675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase10 (ADAM10) has been implicated as a major sheddase responsible for the ectodomain shedding of a number of important surface molecules including the amyloid precursor protein and cadherins. Despite a well-documented role of ADAM10 in health and disease, little is known about the regulation of this protease. To address this issue we conducted a split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid screen to identify membrane proteins that interact with ADAM10. The yeast experiments and co-immunoprecipitation studies in mammalian cell lines revealed tetraspanin15 (TSPAN15) to specifically associate with ADAM10. Overexpression of TSPAN15 or RNAi-mediated knockdown of TSPAN15 led to significant changes in the maturation process and surface expression of ADAM10. Expression of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention mutant of TSPAN15 demonstrated an interaction with ADAM10 already in the ER. Pulse-chase experiments confirmed that TSPAN15 accelerates the ER-exit of the ADAM10-TSPAN15 complex and stabilizes the active form of ADAM10 at the cell surface. Importantly, TSPAN15 also showed the ability to mediate the regulation of ADAM10 protease activity exemplified by an increased shedding of N-cadherin and the amyloid precursor protein. In conclusion, our data show that TSPAN15 is a central modulator of ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding. Therapeutic manipulation of its expression levels may be an additional approach to specifically regulate the activity of the amyloid precursor protein alpha-secretase ADAM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Prox
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Willenbrock
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Silvio Weber
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Lehmann
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf Schwanbeck
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Schwake
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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31
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Zhang F, Kang Z, Li W, Xiao Z, Zhou X. Roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin-related kinase B (BDNF/TrkB) signalling in Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19:946-9. [PMID: 22613489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in the elderly. It is characterized by extracellular deposition of the neurotoxic peptide, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide fibrils, and is accompanied by extensive loss of neurons in the brains of affected individuals. However, the pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) signalling in the development of AD, focusing on BDNF/TrkB signalling in the production of Aβ, tau hyperphosphorylation and cognition decline, and exploring new possibilities for AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168, West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Street, Chenggong New Town, Kunming 650500, China.
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32
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Vella LJ, Cappai R. Identification of a novel amyloid precursor protein processing pathway that generates secreted N-terminal fragments. FASEB J 2012; 26:2930-40. [PMID: 22490781 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-200295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) into the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is a central event in AD. While the pathway that generates Aβ is well described, many questions remain concerning general APP metabolism and its metabolites. It is becoming clear that the amino-terminal region of APP can be processed to release small N-terminal fragments (NTFs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence and generation of APP NTFs in vivo and in cell culture (SH-SY5Y) in order to delineate the cellular pathways implicated in their generation. We were able to detect 17- to 28-kDa APP NTFs in human and mouse brain tissue that are distinct from N-APP fragments previously reported. We show that the 17- to 28-kDa APP NTFs were highly expressed in mice from the age of 2 wk to adulthood. SH-SY5Y studies indicate the generation of APP NTFs involves a novel APP processing pathway, regulated by protein kinase C, but independent of α-secretase or β-secretase 1 (BACE) activity. These results identify a novel, developmentally regulated APP processing pathway that may play an important role in the physiological function of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Vella
- Department of Pathology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Physiological functions of the amyloid precursor protein secretases ADAM10, BACE1, and Presenilin. Exp Brain Res 2011; 217:331-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Borrmann C, Stricker R, Reiser G. Retinoic acid-induced upregulation of the metalloendopeptidase nardilysin is accelerated by co-expression of the brain-specific protein p42(IP4) (centaurin α 1; ADAP1) in neuroblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:936-44. [PMID: 21801775 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The mainly neuronally expressed protein p42(IP4) (centaurin α1; ADAP1), which interacts with the metalloendopeptidase nardilysin (NRD) was found to be localized in neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. NRD was shown to enhance the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by α-secretases, thereby increasing the release of neuroprotective sAPPα. We here investigated in vitro the biochemical interaction of p42(IP4) and NRD and studied the physiological interaction in SH-SY5Y cells. NRD is a member of the M16 family of metalloendopeptidases. Some members of this M16 family act bi-functionally, as protease and as non-enzymatic scaffold protein. Here, we show that p42(IP4) enhances the enzymatic activity of NRD 3-4 times. However, p42(IP4) is not a substrate for NRD. Furthermore, we report that differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells by stimulation with 10μM retinoic acid (RA) results in upregulation of NRD protein levels, with a 6-fold rise after 15 days. NRD is expressed in the neurites of RA-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells, and localized in vesicular structures. Since p42(IP4) is not expressed in untreated SH-SY5Y cells, we could use this cell system as a model to find out, whether there is a functional interaction. Interestingly, SH-SY5Y cells, which we stably transfected with GFP-tagged-p42(IP4) showed an enhanced NRD protein expression already at an earlier time point after RA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Borrmann
- Institut für Neurobiochemie, Medizinische Fakultät der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Reversible upregulation of tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B by geranylgeranoic acid in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurooncol 2011; 104:705-13. [PMID: 21373967 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plays crucial roles in cell survival and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of geranylgeranoic acid (GGA), an acyclic retinoid, on differentiation and tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) gene expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in comparison with ATRA. GGA induced growth suppression and neural differentiation to the same extent as ATRA. Two variants (145 and 95 kD) of the TrkB protein were dramatically increased by GGA treatment, comparable to the effect of ATRA. Following 6- to 8-day GGA treatment, the effect of GGA on TrkB was reversed after 2-4 days of its removal, whereas the effect of ATRA was irreversible under the same conditions. Both GGA and ATRA upregulated the cellular levels of three major TrkB messenger RNA splice variants in a time-dependent manner. Time-dependent induction of cell cycle-related genes, such as cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma protein, and amplification of the neural progenitor cell marker, brain lipid binding protein, were suppressed by GGA treatment and were completely abolished by ATRA. ATRA and GGA induced retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) expression, whereas the time-dependent expression of both RARα and RARγ was abolished by ATRA, but not by GGA. Our results suggest that GGA may be able to restore neuronal properties of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in a similar but not identical way to ATRA.
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Ansaloni S, Leung BP, Sebastian NP, Samudralwar R, Gadaleta M, Saunders AJ. TrkB Isoforms Differentially Affect AICD Production through Their Intracellular Functional Domains. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:729382. [PMID: 21423675 PMCID: PMC3056454 DOI: 10.4061/2011/729382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that NTRK2, the gene encoding for the TrkB receptor, can regulate APP metabolism, specifically AICD levels. Using the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, we characterized the effect of three TrkB isoforms (FL, SHC, T) on APP metabolism by knockdown and overexpression. We found that TrkB FL increases AICD-mediated transcription and APP levels while it decreases sAPP levels. These effects were mainly mediated by the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor and partially by the PLC-γ- and SHC-binding sites. The TrkB T truncated isoform did not have significant effects on APP metabolism when transfected by itself, while the TrkB SHC decreased AICD-mediated transcription. TrkB T abolished TrkB FL effects on APP metabolism when cotransfected with it while TrkB SHC cotransfected with TrkB FL still showed increased APP levels. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TrkB isoforms have differential effects on APP metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ansaloni
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19027, USA
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Jacobsen KT, Iverfeldt K. O-GlcNAcylation increases non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid-β precursor protein (APP). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 404:882-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Neurite Degeneration in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells as an Indicator of Axonopathy. NEUROMETHODS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-077-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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39
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Ma CHE, Bampton ETW, Evans MJ, Taylor JSH. Synergistic effects of osteonectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on axotomized retinal ganglion cells neurite outgrowth via the mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. Neuroscience 2010; 165:463-74. [PMID: 19837135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study identified osteonectin (ON) in a screen of factors made by Schwann cells (SCs) which promoted peripheral and central neurons survival and neuritogenesis, however, the mechanisms of ON promoting effects are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ON-deficient SC-conditioned medium (SCCM) and molecular mechanisms of ON, in regulating retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival and neurite outgrowth. Neonatal rat RGCs and SCs were purified by immunopanning technique. RGC survival and neuritogenesis reduced significantly when treated with either ON-null mice SCCM or ON-immunodepleted (IP) SCCM (P<0.05). In contrast to wild type SCCM, in the presence of a tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) inhibitor (K252a), ON-null mice SCCM-induced neuritogenesis were further reduced by 24%. The Trk-mediated signaling pathways became more sensitive to K252a inhibition in the absence of ON. We also showed the synergistic effects of ON and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in promoting RGCs growth and the involvement of ON in two major neurotrophin-mediated signaling pathways, PI-3K-Akt and MAPK-Erk1/2. ON alone activated Akt phosphorylation and increased survival. Blockage of TrkB signalling pathway by TrkB-Fc chimera (BDNF scavenger) or K252a in ON-treated cultures reduced Akt-P level significantly. This suggests that ON induces BDNF synthesis and secretion from RGCs. The enhancement of neuritogenesis and Erk1/2 phosphorylation by ON in BDNF-treated cultures further demonstrate the signaling pathways responsible for the synergistic effect of ON on BDNF-induced neurite outgrowth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the synergistic effects of ON on classical neurotrophins which participate in the same signalling pathways in regulating RGC neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H E Ma
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Jacobsen KT, Adlerz L, Multhaup G, Iverfeldt K. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-induced processing of amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and APP-like protein 2 is mediated by different metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10223-31. [PMID: 20139073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-Secretase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is of great interest because it prevents the formation of the Alzheimer-linked amyloid-beta peptide. APP belongs to a conserved gene family including the two paralogues APP-like protein (APLP) 1 and 2. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulates the shedding of all three proteins. IGF-1-induced shedding of both APP and APLP1 is dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), whereas APLP2 shedding is independent of this signaling pathway. Here, we used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to investigate the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in the proteolytic processing of endogenously expressed members of the APP family. Processing was induced by IGF-1 or retinoic acid, another known stimulator of APP alpha-secretase shedding. Our results show that stimulation of APP and APLP1 processing involves multiple signaling pathways, whereas APLP2 processing is mainly dependent on PKC. Next, we wanted to investigate whether the difference in the regulation of APLP2 shedding compared with APP shedding could be due to involvement of different processing enzymes. We focused on the two major alpha-secretase candidates ADAM10 and TACE, which both are members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family. Shedding was analyzed in the presence of the ADAM10 inhibitor GI254023X, or after transfection with small interfering RNAs targeted against TACE. The results clearly demonstrate that different alpha-secretases are involved in IGF-1-induced processing. APP is mainly cleaved by ADAM10, whereas APLP2 processing is mediated by TACE. Finally, we also show that IGF-1 induces PKC-dependent phosphorylation of TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin T Jacobsen
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Le Hellard S, Håvik B, Espeseth T, Breilid H, Løvlie R, Luciano M, Gow AJ, Harris SE, Starr JM, Wibrand K, Lundervold AJ, Porteous DJ, Bramham CR, Deary IJ, Reinvang I, Steen VM. Variants in doublecortin- and calmodulin kinase like 1, a gene up-regulated by BDNF, are associated with memory and general cognitive abilities. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7534. [PMID: 19844571 PMCID: PMC2760101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human memory and general cognitive abilities are complex functions of high heritability and wide variability in the population. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in mammalian memory formation. METHODOLOGY / PRINCIPAL FINDING Based on the identification of genes markedly up-regulated during BDNF-induced synaptic consolidation in the hippocampus, we selected genetic variants that were tested in three independent samples, from Norway and Scotland, of adult individuals examined for cognitive abilities. In all samples, we show that markers in the doublecortin- and calmodulin kinase like 1 (DCLK1) gene, are significantly associated with general cognition (IQ scores) and verbal memory function, resisting multiple testing. DCLK1 is a complex gene with multiple transcripts which vary in expression and function. We show that the short variants are all up-regulated after BDNF treatment in the rat hippocampus, and that they are expressed in the adult human brain (mostly in cortices and hippocampus). We demonstrate that several of the associated variants are located in potential alternative promoter- and cis-regulatory elements of the gene and that they affect BDNF-mediated expression of short DCLK1 transcripts in a reporter system. CONCLUSION These data present DCLK1 as a functionally pertinent gene involved in human memory and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Le Hellard
- Bergen Mental Health Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Jacobsen KT, Iverfeldt K. Amyloid precursor protein and its homologues: a family of proteolysis-dependent receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2299-318. [PMID: 19333550 PMCID: PMC11115575 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP) belongs to a conserved gene family that also includes the mammalian APLP1 and APLP2, the Drosophila APPL, and the C. elegans APL-1. The biological function of APP is still not fully clear. However, it is known that the APP family proteins have redundant and partly overlapping functions, which demonstrates the importance of studying all APP family members to gain a more complete picture. When APP was first cloned, it was speculated that it could function as a receptor. This theory has been further substantiated by studies showing that APP and its homologues bind both extracellular ligands and intracellular adaptor proteins. The APP family proteins undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), generating secreted and cytoplasmic fragments that have been ascribed different functions. In this review, we will discuss the APP family with focus on biological functions, binding partners, and regulated processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Iverfeldt
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Tippmann F, Hundt J, Schneider A, Endres K, Fahrenholz F. Up‐regulation of the α‐secretase ADAM10 by retinoic acid receptors and acitretin. FASEB J 2009; 23:1643-54. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Tippmann
- Institute of BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Jana Hundt
- Institute of BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Anja Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of MedicineMax-Planck‐Institute for Experimental MedicineMainzGermany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Institute of BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Falk Fahrenholz
- Institute of BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
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van Neerven S, Kampmann E, Mey J. RAR/RXR and PPAR/RXR signaling in neurological and psychiatric diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2008; 85:433-51. [PMID: 18554773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Retinoids are important signals in brain development. They regulate gene transcription by binding to retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and, as was discovered recently, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Traditional ligands of PPAR are best known for their functions in lipid metabolism and inflammation. RAR and PPAR are ligand-activated transcription factors, which share members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) family as heterodimeric partners. Both signal transduction pathways have recently been implicated in the progression of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Since inflammatory processes contribute to various neurodegenerative diseases, the anti-inflammatory activity of retinoids and PPARgamma agonists recommends them as potential therapeutic targets. In addition, genetic linkage studies, transgenic mouse models and experiments with vitamin A deprivation provide evidence that retinoic acid signaling is directly involved in physiology and pathology of motoneurons, of the basal ganglia and of cognitive functions. The activation of PPAR/RXR and RAR/RXR transcription factors has therefore been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in disorders of the central nervous system.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) increases cell viability and expression of neurotrophin receptors in retinoic acid and brain-derived neurotrophic factor differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Eur J Nutr 2008; 47:104-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-008-0703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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PI3-K- and PKC-dependent up-regulation of APP processing enzymes by retinoic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 365:298-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Adlerz L, Holback S, Multhaup G, Iverfeldt K. IGF-1-induced Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Family Is Mediated by Different Signaling Pathways. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10203-9. [PMID: 17301053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611183200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein family consists of the APP and the amyloid precursor-like proteins 1 and 2 (APLP1 and APLP2). The neurotoxic amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) originates from APP, which is the only member of this protein family implicated in Alzheimer disease. However, the three homologous proteins have been proposed to be processed in similar ways and to have essential and overlapping functions. Therefore, it is also important to take into account the effects on the processing and function of the APP-like proteins in the development of therapeutic drugs aimed at decreasing the production of Abeta. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been shown to regulate APP processing and the levels of Abeta in the brain. In the present study, we show that IGF-1 increases alpha-secretase processing of endogenous APP and also increases ectodomain shedding of APLP1 and APLP2 in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We also investigated the role of different IGF-1-induced signaling pathways, using specific inhibitors for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our results indicate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is involved in ectodomain shedding of APP and APLP1, but not APLP2, and that MAPK is involved only in the ectodomain shedding of APLP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Adlerz
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Husson M, Enderlin V, Delacourte A, Ghenimi N, Alfos S, Pallet V, Higueret P. Retinoic acid normalizes nuclear receptor mediated hypo-expression of proteins involved in β-amyloid deposits in the cerebral cortex of vitamin A deprived rats. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 23:1-10. [PMID: 16531051 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data have revealed that disruption of vitamin A signaling observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to a deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta). The aim of this study was to precise the role of vitamin A and its nuclear receptors (RAR) in the processes leading to the Abeta deposits. Thus, the effect of vitamin A depletion and subsequent administration of retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A) on the expression of RARbeta, and of proteins involved in amyloidogenic pathway, e.g., amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-secretase enzyme (BACE), and APP carboxy-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) was examined in the whole brain, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex of rats. Rats fed a vitamin A-deprived diet for 13 weeks exhibited decreased amount of RARbeta, APP695, BACE, and of APP-CTF in the whole brain and in the cerebral cortex. Administration of RA is able to restore all expression. The results suggest that fine regulation of vitamin A mediated gene expression seems fundamental for the regulation of APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Husson
- Unité de Nutrition et Signalisation Cellulaire (E.A. MENRT; USC INRA) ISTAB, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France
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