1
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Chakraborty S, Wei D, Tran M, Lang FF, Newman RA, Yang P. PBI-05204, a supercritical CO 2 extract of Nerium oleander, suppresses glioblastoma stem cells by inhibiting GRP78 and inducing programmed necroptotic cell death. Neoplasia 2024; 54:101008. [PMID: 38823209 PMCID: PMC11177059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Successful treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive form of primary brain neoplasm, mandates the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the potential of PBI-05204 in targeting GBM stem cells (GSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with PBI-05204 significantly reduced both the number and size of tumor spheres derived from patient-derived GSCs (GBM9, GSC28 and TS543), and suppressed the tumorigenesis of GBM9 xenografts. Moreover, PBI-05204 treatment led to a significant decrease in the expression of CD44 and NANOG, crucial markers of progenitor stem cells, in GBM9 and GSC28 GSCs. This treatment also down-regulated GRP78 expression in both GSC types. Knocking down GRP78 expression through GRP78 siRNA transfection in GBM9 and GSC28 GSCs also resulted in reduced spheroid size and CD44 expression. Combining PBI-05204 with GRP78 siRNA further decreased spheroid numbers compared to GRP78 siRNA treatment alone. PBI-05204 treatment led to increased expression of pRIP1K and pRIP3K, along with enhanced binding of RIPK1/RIPK3 in GBM9 and GSC28 cells, resembling the effects observed in GRP78-silenced GSCs, suggesting that PBI-05204 induced necroptosis in these cells. Furthermore, oleandrin, a principle active cardiac glycoside component of PBI-05204, showed the ability to inhibit the self-renewal capacity in GSCs. These findings highlight the potential of PBI-05204 as a promising candidate for the development of novel therapies that target GBM stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Megan Tran
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Robert A Newman
- Phoenix Biotechnology, San Antonio, Texas 78217, United States
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.
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2
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Papandreou A, Singh N, Gianfrancesco L, Budinger D, Barwick K, Agrotis A, Luft C, Shao Y, Lenaerts AS, Gregory A, Jeong SY, Hogarth P, Hayflick S, Barral S, Kriston-Vizi J, Gissen P, Kurian MA, Ketteler R. Cardiac glycosides restore autophagy flux in an iPSC-derived neuronal model of WDR45 deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.13.556416. [PMID: 37745522 PMCID: PMC10515824 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.556416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration (BPAN) is one of the commonest forms of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation, caused by mutations in the gene encoding the autophagy-related protein, WDR45. The mechanisms linking autophagy, iron overload and neurodegeneration in BPAN are poorly understood and, as a result, there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for this progressive disorder. We have developed a patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based midbrain dopaminergic neuronal cell model of BPAN (3 patient, 2 age-matched controls and 2 isogenic control lines) which shows defective autophagy and aberrant gene expression in key neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and collagen pathways. A high content imaging-based medium-throughput blinded drug screen using the FDA-approved Prestwick library identified 5 cardiac glycosides that both corrected disease-related defective autophagosome formation and restored BPAN-specific gene expression profiles. Our findings have clear translational potential and emphasise the utility of iPSC-based modelling in elucidating disease pathophysiology and identifying targeted therapeutics for early-onset monogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nivedita Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lorita Gianfrancesco
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dimitri Budinger
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Katy Barwick
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander Agrotis
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christin Luft
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ying Shao
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Barral
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Robin Ketteler
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Human Medicine, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
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3
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Depierre P, Ginet V, Truttmann AC, Puyal J. Neuronal autosis is Na +/K +-ATPase alpha 3-dependent and involved in hypoxic-ischemic neuronal death. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:363. [PMID: 38796484 PMCID: PMC11127954 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is an essential physiological process of degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins. The discovery of autosis, a Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1)-dependent type of autophagic cell death with specific morphological and biochemical features, has strongly contributed to the acceptance of a pro-death role of autophagy. However, the occurrence and relevance of autosis in neurons has never been clearly investigated, whereas we previously provided evidence that autophagy mechanisms could be involved in neuronal death in different in vitro and in vivo rodent models of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and that morphological features of autosis were observed in dying neurons following rat perinatal cerebral HI. In the present study, we demonstrated that neuronal autosis could occur in primary cortical neurons using two different stimulations enhancing autophagy flux and neuronal death: a neurotoxic concentration of Tat-BECN1 (an autophagy-inducing peptide) and a hypoxic/excitotoxic stimulus (mimicking neuronal death induced by cerebral HI). Both stimulations induce autophagic neuronal death (dependent on canonical autophagic genes and independent on apoptotic, necroptotic or ferroptotic pathways) with all morphological and biochemical (ATP1a-dependent) features of autosis. However, we demonstrated that autosis is not dependent on the ubiquitous subunit ATP1a1 in neurons, as in dividing cell types, but on the neuronal specific ATP1a3 subunit. We also provided evidence that, in different in vitro and in vivo models where autosis is induced, ATP1a3-BECN1 interaction is increased and prevented by cardiac glycosides treatment. Interestingly, an increase in ATP1a3-BECN1 interaction is also detected in dying neurons in the autoptic brains of human newborns with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Altogether, these results suggest that ATP1a3-BECN1-dependent autosis could play an important role in neuronal death in HI conditions, paving the way for the development of new neuroprotective strategies in hypoxic-ischemic conditions including in severe case of human HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Depierre
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita C Truttmann
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Women, Mother and Child, University Hospital Center of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- CURML, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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4
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Rutkoski R, Debarba LK, Stilgenbauer L, Rosenthal T, Sadagurski M, Nagorny P. Selective (α)-l-Rhamnosylation and Neuroprotective Activity Exploration of Cardiotonic Steroids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:280-286. [PMID: 38352829 PMCID: PMC10860192 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This work describes the studies on the direct C3-glycosylation of the C19-hydroxylated cardiotonic steroids strophanthidol, anhydro-ouabagenin, and ouabagenin using a strategy based on in situ protection of the C5 and C19 hydroxyl groups with boronic acids. While this strategy resulted in a successful one-pot C3-selective glycosylation of strophanthidol and anhydro-ouabegenin, it failed to provide ouabain from ouabagenin. The neuroprotective activity of the synthetic and natural glycosides against LPS-induced neuroinflammation was explored in neonatal mouse primary glia cells. Co-administration of natural and synthetic C3-glycosides at 200 nM concentrations resulted in the significant reduction of the LPS-induced neuroinflammatory markers IL-6, IL-1, TNFα, and IKBKE, with the anhydro-ouabagenin-3-(α)-l-rhamnoside (anhydro-ouabain) showing the most significant effect. At the same time, unglycosylated anhydro-ouabagenin enhanced rather than suppressed LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Rutkoski
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lucas Kniess Debarba
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Lukas Stilgenbauer
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Tay Rosenthal
- Small
Molecule Discovery & Development, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State
University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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5
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Guo J, Yan YZ, Chen J, Duan Y, Zeng P. Identification of Hub Genes and Pathways of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Aged Rats Using the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:1-12. [PMID: 38505917 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023051702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Stroke remained the leading cause of disability in the world, and the most important non-modifiable risk factor was age. The treatment of stroke for elder patients faced multiple difficulties due to its complicated pathogenesis and mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to identify the potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and singnalling pathways for aged people of stroke. To compare the DEGs in the aged rats with or without middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and to analyse the important genes and the key signaling pathways involved in the development of cerebral ischaemia in aged rats. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) analysis tool was used to analyse the DEGs in the GSE166162 dataset of aged MCAO rats compared with aged sham rats. Differential expression analysis was performed in aged MCAO rats and sham rats using limma. In addition, the 74 DEGs (such as Fam111a, Lcn2, Spp1, Lgals3 and Gpnmb were up-regulated; Egr2, Nr4a3, Arc, Klf4 and Nr4a1 were down-regulated) and potential compounds corresponding to the top 20 core genes in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database (version 12.0). Among these 30 compounds, resveratrol, cannabidiol, honokiol, fucoxanthin, oleandrin and tyrosol were significantly enriched. These DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to determine the most significantly enriched pathway in aged MCAO rats. Moreover, innate immune response, the complement and coagulation cascades signaling pathway, the IL-17 and other signaling pathways were significantly correlated with the aged MCAO rats. Our study indicates that multiple genes and pathological processes involved in the aged people of stroke. The immune response might be the key pathway in the intervention of cerebral infarction in aged people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jinglou Chen
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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6
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Nguyen LD, Wei Z, Silva MC, Barberán-Soler S, Zhang J, Rabinovsky R, Muratore CR, Stricker JMS, Hortman C, Young-Pearse TL, Haggarty SJ, Krichevsky AM. Small molecule regulators of microRNAs identified by high-throughput screen coupled with high-throughput sequencing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7575. [PMID: 37989753 PMCID: PMC10663445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate fundamental biological processes by silencing mRNA targets and are dysregulated in many diseases. Therefore, miRNA replacement or inhibition can be harnessed as potential therapeutics. However, existing strategies for miRNA modulation using oligonucleotides and gene therapies are challenging, especially for neurological diseases, and none have yet gained clinical approval. We explore a different approach by screening a biodiverse library of small molecule compounds for their ability to modulate hundreds of miRNAs in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We demonstrate the utility of the screen by identifying cardiac glycosides as potent inducers of miR-132, a key neuroprotective miRNA downregulated in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Coordinately, cardiac glycosides downregulate known miR-132 targets, including Tau, and protect rodent and human neurons against various toxic insults. More generally, our dataset of 1370 drug-like compounds and their effects on the miRNome provides a valuable resource for further miRNA-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien D Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - M Catarina Silva
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Jiarui Zhang
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rosalia Rabinovsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christina R Muratore
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan M S Stricker
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anna M Krichevsky
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Baeva ME, Camara-Lemarroy C. The role of autophagy protein Atg5 in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 79:105029. [PMID: 37778158 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease which has a strong autoimmune component to its pathology. Although there are currently many approved immunomodulatory treatments that reduce the rate of relapse and slow down the progression of the disease, the cure is still elusive. This may be due to the underlying etiology still being unknown. Autophagy is the potential link between neurodegeneration and autoimmunity. Specifically, this review will focus on the autophagy protein Atg5 and examine the in vitro cell culture, animal and human studies that have examined its expression and effects in the context of MS. The findings of these investigations are summarized, and a model is proposed in which elevated Atg5 levels leads to dysfunctional autophagy, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and eventually clinical disability. While there are currently no drugs that specifically target Atg5, our review recommends that further investigations into the role that Atg5 plays in MS pathophysiology may eventually lead to the development of autophagy-specific treatments of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elizabeth Baeva
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Carlos Camara-Lemarroy
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
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8
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Jensen GS, Yu L, Iloba I, Cruickshank D, Matos JR, Newman RA. Differential Activities of the Botanical Extract PBI-05204 and Oleandrin on Innate Immune Functions under Viral Challenge Versus Inflammatory Culture Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:4799. [PMID: 37375354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nerium oleander extract PBI 05204 (PBI) and its cardiac glycoside constituent oleandrin have direct anti-viral properties. Their effect on the immune system, however, is largely unknown. We used an in vitro model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to document effects under three different culture conditions: normal, challenged with the viral mimetic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid Poly I:C, and inflamed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cells were evaluated for immune activation marks CD69, CD25, and CD107a, and culture supernatants were tested for cytokines. Both PBI and oleandrin directly activated Natural Killer (NK) cells and monocytes and triggered increased production of cytokines. Under viral mimetic challenge, PBI and oleandrin enhanced the Poly I:C-mediated immune activation of monocytes and NK cells and enhanced production of IFN-γ. Under inflammatory conditions, many cytokines were controlled at similar levels as in cultures treated with PBI and oleandrin without inflammation. PBI triggered higher levels of some cytokines than oleandrin. Both products increased T cell cytotoxic attack on malignant target cells, strongest by PBI. The results show that PBI and oleandrin directly activate innate immune cells, enhance anti-viral immune responses through NK cell activation and IFN-γ levels, and modulate immune responses under inflamed conditions. The potential clinical impact of these activities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liu Yu
- NIS Labs, 807 St. George St., Port Dover, ON N0A 1N0, Canada
| | - Ifeanyi Iloba
- NIS Labs, 1437 Esplanade, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA
| | | | - Jose R Matos
- Phoenix Biotechnology, 8626 Tesoro Drive, Suite 801, San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - Robert A Newman
- Phoenix Biotechnology, 8626 Tesoro Drive, Suite 801, San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
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9
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Krichevsky A, Nguyen L, Wei Z, Silva M, Barberán-Soler S, Rabinovsky R, Muratore C, Stricker J, Hortman C, Young-Pearse T, Haggarty S. Small Molecule Regulators of microRNAs Identified by High-Throughput Screen Coupled with High-Throughput Sequencing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2617979. [PMID: 36993255 PMCID: PMC10055534 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2617979/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate fundamental biological processes by silencing mRNA targets and are dysregulated in many diseases. Therefore, miRNA replacement or inhibition can be harnessed as potential therapeutics. However, existing strategies for miRNA modulation using oligonucleotides and gene therapies are challenging, especially for neurological diseases, and none have yet gained clinical approval. We explore a different approach by screening a biodiverse library of small molecule compounds for their ability to modulate hundreds of miRNAs in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We demonstrate the utility of the screen by identifying cardiac glycosides as potent inducers of miR-132, a key miRNA downregulated in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. Coordinately, cardiac glycosides downregulate known miR-132 targets, including Tau, and protect rodent and human neurons against various toxic insults. More generally, our dataset of 1370 drug-like compounds and their effects on the miRNome provide a valuable resource for further miRNA-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lien Nguyen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - Zhiyun Wei
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School
| | - M Silva
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Rosalia Rabinovsky
- 1. Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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10
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Sharma R, Singh S, Tewari N, Dey P. A toxic shrub turned therapeutic: The dichotomy of Nerium oleander bioactivities. Toxicon 2023; 224:107047. [PMID: 36706925 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nerium oleander L. is a medicinal plant, used for the treatment of cancers and hyperglycemia across the world, especially in Indian sub-continent, Turkey, Morocco, and China. Although clinical studies supporting its pharmacological effects remain critically underexplored, accidental and intentional consumption of any part of the plant causes fatal toxicity in animals and humans. While the polyphenolic fraction of oleander leaves has been attributed to its pre-clinical pharmacological activities, the presence of diverse cardiac glycosides (especially oleandrin) causes apoptosis to cancer cells in vitro and results in clinical signs of oleander poisoning. Thus, the dual pharmacological and toxicological role of oleander is a perplexing dichotomy in phytotherapy. The current investigative review, therefore, intended to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that likely contribute to this conundrum. Especially by focusing on gut microbial diversity, abundance, and metabolic functions, oleander-associated pharmacological and toxicological studies have been critically analyzed to define the dual effects of oleander. Electronic databases were extensively screened for relevant research articles (including pre-clinical and clinical) related to oleander bioactivities and toxicity. Taxonomic preference was given to the plant N. oleander L. and synonymous plants as per 'The World Flora Online' database (WCSP record #135196). Discussion on yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold) has intentionally been avoided since it is a different plant. The review indicates that the gut microbiota likely plays a key role in differentially modulating the pharmacological and toxicological effects of oleander. Other factors identified influencing the oleander bioactivities include dose and mode of treatment, cardiac glycoside pharmacokinetics, host-endogenous glycosides, plant material processing and phytochemical extraction methods, plant genotypic variations, environmental effects on the phytochemical quality and quantity, gene expression variations, host dietary patterns and co-morbidity, etc. The arguments proposed are also relevant to other medicinal plants containing toxic cardiac glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Swati Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nisha Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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11
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Vaccaro S, Rossetti A, Porrazzo A, Camero S, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Tomaciello M, Macioce G, Pedini F, Barillari G, Marchese C, Rota R, Cenci G, Tombolini M, Newman RA, Yang P, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Megiorni F, Festuccia C, Minniti G, Gravina GL, Vulcano F, Milazzo L, Marampon F. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, sensitizes alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1071176. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common a soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, provides intensive multimodal therapy, with radiotherapy (RT) playing a critical role for local tumor control. However, since RMS efficiently activates mechanisms of resistance to therapies, despite improvements, the prognosis remains still largely unsatisfactory, mainly in RMS expressing chimeric oncoproteins PAX3/PAX7-FOXO1, and fusion-positive (FP)-RMS. Cardiac glycosides (CGs), plant-derived steroid-like compounds with a selective inhibitory activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (NKA), have shown antitumor and radio-sensitizing properties. Herein, the therapeutic properties of PBI-05204, an extract from Nerium oleander containing the CG oleandrin already studied in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, were investigated, in vitro and in vivo, against FN- and FP-RMS cancer models. PBI-05204 induced growth arrest in a concentration dependent manner, with FP-RMS being more sensitive than FN-RMS, by differently regulating cell cycle regulators and commonly upregulating cell cycle inhibitors p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Cip1/Kip1. Furthermore, PBI-05204 concomitantly induced cell death on both RMS types and senescence in FN-RMS. Notably, PBI-05204 counteracted in vitro migration and invasion abilities and suppressed the formation of spheroids enriched in CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). PBI-05204 sensitized both cell types to RT by improving the ability of RT to induce G2 growth arrest and counteracting the RT-induced activation of both Non‐Homologous End‐Joining and homologous recombination DSBs repair pathways. Finally, the antitumor and radio-sensitizing proprieties of PBI-05204 were confirmed in vivo. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo evidence confirmed the higher sensitivity to PBI-05204 of FP-RMS. Thus, PBI-05204 represents a valid radio-sensitizing agent for the treatment of RMS, including the intrinsically radio-resistant FP-RMS.
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Identification of a Cardiac Glycoside Exhibiting Favorable Brain Bioavailability and Potency for Reducing Levels of the Cellular Prion Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314823. [PMID: 36499150 PMCID: PMC9736291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strands of investigation have established that a reduction in the levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a promising avenue for the treatment of prion diseases. We recently described an indirect approach for reducing PrPC levels that targets Na,K-ATPases (NKAs) with cardiac glycosides (CGs), causing cells to respond with the degradation of these pumps and nearby molecules, including PrPC. Because the therapeutic window of widely used CGs is narrow and their brain bioavailability is low, we set out to identify a CG with improved pharmacological properties for this indication. Starting with the CG known as oleandrin, we combined in silico modeling of CG binding poses within human NKA folds, CG structure-activity relationship (SAR) data, and predicted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetrance scores to identify CG derivatives with improved characteristics. Focusing on C4'-dehydro-oleandrin as a chemically accessible shortlisted CG derivative, we show that it reaches four times higher levels in the brain than in the heart one day after subcutaneous administration, exhibits promising pharmacological properties, and suppresses steady-state PrPC levels by 84% in immortalized human cells that have been differentiated to acquire neural or astrocytic characteristics. Finally, we validate that the mechanism of action of this approach for reducing cell surface PrPC levels requires C4'-dehydro-oleandrin to engage with its cognate binding pocket within the NKA α subunit. The improved brain bioavailability of C4'-dehydro-oleandrin, combined with its relatively low toxicity, make this compound an attractive lead for brain CG indications and recommends its further exploration for the treatment of prion diseases.
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13
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Mehrabian M, Wang X, Eid S, Yan BQ, Grinberg M, Siegner M, Sackmann C, Sulman M, Zhao W, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G. Cardiac glycoside-mediated turnover of Na, K-ATPases as a rational approach to reducing cell surface levels of the cellular prion protein. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270915. [PMID: 35776750 PMCID: PMC9249225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely anticipated that a reduction of brain levels of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) can prolong survival in a group of neurodegenerative diseases known as prion diseases. To date, efforts to decrease steady-state PrPC levels by targeting this protein directly with small molecule drug-like compounds have largely been unsuccessful. Recently, we reported Na,K-ATPases to reside in immediate proximity to PrPC in the brain, unlocking an opportunity for an indirect PrPC targeting approach that capitalizes on the availability of potent cardiac glycosides (CGs). Here, we report that exposure of human co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes to non-toxic nanomolar levels of CGs causes profound reductions in PrPC levels. The mechanism of action underpinning this outcome relies primarily on a subset of CGs engaging the ATP1A1 isoform, one of three α subunits of Na,K-ATPases expressed in brain cells. Upon CG docking to ATP1A1, the ligand receptor complex, and PrPC along with it, is internalized by the cell. Subsequently, PrPC is channeled to the lysosomal compartment where it is digested in a manner that can be rescued by silencing the cysteine protease cathepsin B. These data signify that the repurposing of CGs may be beneficial for the treatment of prion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Mehrabian
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shehab Eid
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bei Qi Yan
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Grinberg
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murdock Siegner
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Sackmann
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Sulman
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenda Zhao
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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14
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Newman RA, Chase CCL, Matos JR, Abdelsalam K, Buterbaugh R, Van Holland S, Abdelaal H, Woolum A, Jagannadha Sastry K. Efficacy of oleandrin and PBI-05204 against bovine viruses of importance to commercial cattle health. Antivir Chem Chemother 2022; 30:20402066221103960. [PMID: 35611441 PMCID: PMC9136442 DOI: 10.1177/20402066221103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). and bovine coronavirus (BCV) threaten the productivity of cattle worldwide. Development of therapeutics that can control the spread of these viruses is an unmet need. The present research was designed to explore the in vitro antiviral activity of the Nerium oleander derived cardiac glycoside oleandrin and a defined N. oleander plant extract (PBI-05204) containing oleandrin. Methods Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells, Bovine Turbinate (BT) cells, and Human Rectal Tumor-18 (HRT-18) cells were used as in vitro culture systems for BVDV, BRSV and BCV, respectively. Cytotoxicity was established using serial dilutions of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Noncytotoxic concentrations of each drug were used either prior to or at 12 h and 24 h following virus exposure to corresponding viruses. Infectious virus titers were determined following each treatment. Results Both oleandrin as well as PBI-05204 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against BVDV, BRSV, and BCV, in a dose-dependent manner, when added prior to or following infection of host cells. Determination of viral loads by PCR demonstrated a concentration dependent decline in virus replication. Importantly, the relative ability of virus produced from treated cultures to infect new host cells was reduced by as much as 10,000-fold at noncytotoxic concentrations of oleandrin or PBI-05204. Conclusions The research demonstrates the potency of oleandrin and PBI-05204 to inhibit infectivity of three important enveloped bovine viruses in vitro. These data showing non-toxic concentrations of oleandrin inhibiting infectivity of three bovine viruses support further investigation of in vivo antiviral efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, 2019South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA.,RTI, LLC, Brookings SD 57006, USA
| | - Jose R Matos
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.,Innovar, LLC, Plano, TX 75025, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Amelia Woolum
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Veterinary Sciences, 4002The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Abstract
This article describes a concise synthesis of cardiotonic steroids oleandrigenin (7) and its subsequent elaboration into the natural product rhodexin B (2) from the readily available intermediate (8) that could be derived from the commercially available steroids testosterone or DHEA via three-step sequences. These studies feature an expedient installation of the β16-oxidation based on β14-hydroxyl-directed epoxidation and subsequent epoxide rearrangement. The following singlet oxygen oxidation of the C17 furan moiety provides access to oleandrigenin (7) in 12 steps (LLS) and a 3.1% overall yield from 8. The synthetic oleandrigenin (7) was successfully glycosylated with l-rhamnopyranoside-based donor 28 using a Pd(II)-catalyst, and the subsequent deprotection under acidic conditions provided cytotoxic natural product rhodexin B (2) in a 66% yield (two steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fejedelem
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nolan Carney
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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16
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Plante KS, Dwivedi V, Plante JA, Fernandez D, Mirchandani D, Bopp N, Aguilar PV, Park JG, Tamayo PP, Delgado J, Shivanna V, Torrelles JB, Martinez-Sobrido L, Matos R, Weaver SC, Sastry KJ, Newman RA. Antiviral activity of oleandrin and a defined extract of Nerium oleander against SARS-CoV-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111457. [PMID: 33721754 PMCID: PMC7927596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With continued expansion of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), both antiviral drugs as well as effective vaccines are desperately needed to treat patients at high risk of life-threatening disease. Here, we present in vitro evidence for significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by oleandrin and a defined extract of N. oleander (designated as PBI-06150). Using Vero cells, we found that prophylactic (pre-infection) oleandrin (as either the pure compound or as the active principal ingredient in PBI-06150) administration at concentrations as low as 0.05 µg/ml exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with an 800-fold reduction in virus production, and a 0.1 µg/ml concentration resulted in a greater than 3000-fold reduction in infectious virus production. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were 11.98 ng/ml when virus output was measured at 24 h post-infection, and 7.07 ng/ml measured at 48 h post-infection. Therapeutic (post-infection) treatment up to 24 h after SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero cells also reduced viral titers, with 0.1 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml concentrations causing greater than 100-fold reduction as measured at 48 h, and the 0.05 µg/ml concentration resulting in a 78-fold reduction. Concentrations of oleandrin up to 10 µg/ml were well tolerated in Vero cells. We also present in vivo evidence of the safety and efficacy of defined N. oleander extract (PBI-06150), which was administered to golden Syrian hamsters in a preparation containing as high as 130 µg/ml of oleandrin. In comparison to administration of control vehicle, PBI-06150 provided a statistically significant reduction of the viral titer in the nasal turbinates (nasal conchae). The potent prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral activities demonstrated here, together with initial evidence of its safety and efficacy in a relevant hamster model of COVID-19, support the further development of oleandrin and/or defined extracts containing this molecule for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and associated COVID-19 disease and potentially also for reduction of virus spread by persons diagnosed early after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jessica A Plante
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Diana Fernandez
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Divya Mirchandani
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nathen Bopp
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Patricia V Aguilar
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jun-Gyu Park
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Paula Pino Tamayo
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jennifer Delgado
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Vinay Shivanna
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Population Health and Host-Pathogens Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Rick Matos
- Innovar, LLC, Plano, TX 75025, USA; Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - Scott C Weaver
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78217, USA.
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Bedir E, Karakoyun Ç, Doğan G, Kuru G, Küçüksolak M, Yusufoğlu H. New Cardenolides from Biotransformation of Gitoxigenin by the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1: Characterization and Cytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26103030. [PMID: 34069653 PMCID: PMC8161373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biotransformation is an important tool in drug discovery and for metabolism studies. To expand our bioactive natural product library via modification and to identify possible mammalian metabolites, a cytotoxic cardenolide (gitoxigenin) was biotransformed using the endophytic fungus Alternaria eureka 1E1BL1. Initially, oleandrin was isolated from the dried leaves of Nerium oleander L. and subjected to an acid-catalysed hydrolysis to obtain the substrate gitoxigenin (yield; ~25%). After 21 days of incubation, five new cardenolides 1, 3, 4, 6, and 8 and three previously- identified compounds 2, 5 and 7 were isolated using chromatographic methods. Structural elucidations were accomplished through 1D/2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS and FT-IR analysis. A. eureka catalyzed oxygenation, oxidation, epimerization and dimethyl acetal formation reactions on the substrate. Cytotoxicity of the metabolites were evaluated using MTT cell viability method, whereas doxorubicin and oleandrin were used as positive controls. Biotransformation products displayed less cytotoxicity than the substrate. The new metabolite 8 exhibited the highest activity with IC50 values of 8.25, 1.95 and 3.4 µM against A549, PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively, without causing toxicity on healthy cell lines (MRC-5 and HEK-293) up to concentration of 10 µM. Our results suggest that A. eureka is an effective biocatalyst for modifying cardenolide-type secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Çiğdem Karakoyun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-İzmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (Ç.K.); Tel.: +90-232-750-7389 (E.B.); +90-232-311-2598 (Ç.K.)
| | - Gamze Doğan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Gülten Kuru
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Melis Küçüksolak
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Urla-İzmir, Turkey; (G.D.); (G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hasan Yusufoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Singh Y, Nimoriya R, Rawat P, Mishra DK, Kanojiya S. Structural Analysis of Diastereomeric Cardiac Glycosides and Their Genins Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1205-1214. [PMID: 33818079 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) is an economical and indispensable tool in natural product research to investigate novel metabolites, biomarker discovery, chemical diversity exploration, and structure elucidation. In this study, the structural analysis of 38 naturally occurring cardiac glycosides (CGs) in various tissues of Nerium oleander was achieved by the extensive use of mass spectrometry. The chemical diversity of CGs was described on the basis of characteristic MS/MS fragmentation patterns, accurate mass measurement, and published scientific information on CGs from Nerium oleander. It was observed that only six genins, viz., Δ16anhydrogitoxigenin, Δ16adynerigenin, gitoxigenin, oleandrigenin, digitoxigenin, and adynerigenine, produce 38 diverse chemical structures of CGs. Among them, 20 were identified as diastereomers having a difference in a sugar (l-oleandrose, β-d-diginose, and β-d-sarmentose) unit. However, the differentiation of diastereomeric CGs was not possible by only MS/MS fragments. Thus, the diastereomer's chromatographic elution order was assigned on the basis of the relative retention time (RRt) of two reference standards (odoroside A and oleandrin) among their diastereomers. Besides this, the in-source fragmentation of CGs and the MS/MS of m/z 325 and 323 disaccharide daughter ions also exposed the intrinsic structure information on the sugar units. The daughter ions m/z 162, 145, 113, 95, and 85 in MS/MS spectra indicated the abundance of l-oleandrose, β-d-diginose, and β-d-sarmentose sugars. At the same time, m/z 161, 143, 129, and 87 product ions confirmed the presence of a β-d-digitalose unit. As a result, the UPLC-ESI/TQD system was successfully utilized for the structure characterization of CGs in Nerium oleander tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Rawat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kanojiya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Škubník J, Pavlíčková V, Rimpelová S. Cardiac Glycosides as Immune System Modulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050659. [PMID: 33947098 PMCID: PMC8146282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural steroid compounds occurring both in plants and animals. They are known for long as cardiotonic agents commonly used for various cardiac diseases due to inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) pumping activity and modulating heart muscle contractility. However, recent studies show that the portfolio of diseases potentially treatable with CGs is much broader. Currently, CGs are mostly studied as anticancer agents. Their antiproliferative properties are based on the induction of multiple signaling pathways in an NKA signalosome complex. In addition, they are strongly connected to immunogenic cell death, a complex mechanism of induction of anticancer immune response. Moreover, CGs exert various immunomodulatory effects, the foremost of which are connected with suppressing the activity of T-helper cells or modulating transcription of many immune response genes by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B. The resulting modulations of cytokine and chemokine levels and changes in immune cell ratios could be potentially useful in treating sundry autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This review aims to summarize current knowledge in the field of immunomodulatory properties of CGs and emphasize the large area of potential clinical use of these compounds.
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20
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Mohapatra S, Biswal AK, Dandapat J, Debata PR. Leaf Extract of Nerium oleander L. Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration and Arrest of Cell Cycle at G2/M Phase in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cell. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:649-657. [PMID: 32781975 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200811121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynaecological malignant tumors reported in women. Although a number of early screening and treatment options are available, mortality due to cervical cancer remains high. Nerium oleander L. is a potential medicinal plant that possesses a wide spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities including anticancer activities. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the antiproliferative activity, inhibition of cell migration and cell cycle arrest by the chloroform extract of leaves of Nerium Oleander L. in HeLa cervical cancer cells. The chloroform extract of Catharanthus roseus which contains anti-cancer compounds, Vinblastin and Vincristin, was used as a positive control for this study. METHODS The chloroform extracts of Nerium oleander L. and Catharanthus roseus were prepared using the standard protocol. The cytotoxic effects were studied by MTT assay. Cell migration was studied by in vitro scratch assay. Analysis of the cell cycle was carried out by Propidium iodide staining and Flow Cytometry. The expression level of various proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the leaf extract of Nerium oleander inhibited the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells in culture and inhibited cell migration. Besides, it arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression and phosphorylated p-Rb (Ser 780) level were significantly downregulated by leaf extract of Nerium oleander. CONCLUSION The extract of Nerium oleander L. contains potential bioactive compounds that inhibit HeLa cell proliferation, cell migration and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhasmita Mohapatra
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Anil K Biswal
- P.G. Department of Botany, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Priya R Debata
- P.G. Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, 757003, India
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21
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Newman RA, Sastry KJ, Arav-Boger R, Cai H, Matos R, Harrod R. Antiviral Effects of Oleandrin. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:503-515. [PMID: 33262663 PMCID: PMC7686471 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s273120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, investigators have reported on the utility and safety of cardiac glycosides for numerous health benefits including those as treatments for malignant disease, stroke-mediated ischemic injury and certain neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to those, there is a growing body of evidence for novel antiviral effects of selected cardiac glycoside molecules. One unique cardiac glycoside, oleandrin derived from Nerium oleander, has been reported to have antiviral activity specifically against 'enveloped' viruses including HIV and HTLV-1. Importantly, a recent publication has presented in vitro evidence for oleandrin's ability to inhibit production of infectious virus particles when used for treatment prior to, as well as after infection by SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. This review will highlight the known in vitro antiviral effects of oleandrin as well as present previously unpublished effects of this novel cardiac glycoside against Ebola virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Phoenix Biotechnology, Inc, San Antonio, TX 78217, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Thoracic, Head and Neck Medical Oncology and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ravit Arav-Boger
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hongyi Cai
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Robert Harrod
- Department of Biological Sciences, the Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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22
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Colapietro A, Yang P, Rossetti A, Mancini A, Vitale F, Martellucci S, Conway TL, Chakraborty S, Marampon F, Mattei V, Gravina GL, Biordi AL, Wei D, Newman RA, Festuccia C. The Botanical Drug PBI-05204, a Supercritical CO 2 Extract of Nerium Oleander, Inhibits Growth of Human Glioblastoma, Reduces Akt/mTOR Activities, and Modulates GSC Cell-Renewal Properties. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:552428. [PMID: 33013390 PMCID: PMC7516200 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.552428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary glial tumor resulting in very low patient survival despite current extensive therapeutic efforts. Emerging evidence suggests that more effective treatments are required to overcome tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance and a complex tumor-supporting microenvironment. PBI-05204 is a specifically formulated botanical drug consisting of a modified supercritical C02 extract of Nerium oleander that has undergone both phase I and phase II clinical trials in the United States for treatment of patients with a variety of advanced cancers. The present study was designed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of this botanical drug against glioblastoma using both in vitro and in vivo cancer models as well as exploring efficacy against glioblastoma stem cells. All three human GBM cell lines, U87MG, U251, and T98G, were inhibited by PBI-05204 in a concentration dependent manner that was characterized by induction of apoptosis as evidenced by increased ANNEXIN V staining and caspase activities. The expression of proteins associated with both Akt and mTOR pathway was suppressed by PBI-05240 in all treated human GBM cell lines. PBI-05204 significantly suppressed U87 spheroid formation and the expression of important stem cell markers such as SOX2, CD44, and CXCR4. Oral administration of PBI-05204 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of U87MG, U251, and T98G xenograft growth. Additionally, PBI-05204–treated mice carrying U87-Luc cells as an orthotropic model exhibited significantly delayed onset of tumor proliferation and significantly increased overall survival. Immunohistochemical staining of xenograft derived tumor sections revealed dose-dependent declines in expression of Ki67 and CD31 positive stained cells but increased TUNEL staining. PBI-05204 represents a novel therapeutic botanical drug approach for treatment of glioblastoma as demonstrated by significant responses with in vivo tumor models. Both in vitro cell culture and immunohistochemical studies of tumor tissue suggest drug induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of PI3k/mTOR pathways as well as cancer stemness. Given the fact that PBI-05204 has already been examined in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, its efficacy when combined with standard of care chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be explored in future clinical trials of this difficult to treat brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Colapietro
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alessandra Rossetti
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Flora Vitale
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Environmental Pathology, University Hub "Sabina Universitas", Rieti, Italy
| | - Tara L Conway
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharmistha Chakraborty
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mattei
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Gravina
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Assunta Leda Biordi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daoyan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Claudio Festuccia
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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23
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Kanwal N, Rasul A, Hussain G, Anwar H, Shah MA, Sarfraz I, Riaz A, Batool R, Shahbaz M, Hussain A, Selamoglu Z. Oleandrin: A bioactive phytochemical and potential cancer killer via multiple cellular signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111570. [PMID: 32640345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nerium oleander, a member of family Apocynaceae, is commonly known as Kaner in various countries of Asia and Mediterranean region. This plant has been renowned to possess significant therapeutic potential due to its various bioactive compounds which have been isolated from this plant e.g., cardiac glycosides, oleandrin, α-tocopherol, digitoxingenin, urosolic acid, quercetin, odorosides, and adigoside. Oleandrin, a saponin glycoside is one of the most potent and pharmacologically active phytochemicals of N. oleander. Its remarkable pharmacotherapeutic potential have been interpreted as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, neuroprotective, antimicrobial and antioxidant. This particular bioactive entity is known to target the multiple deregulated signaling cascades of cancer such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt. The main focus of the current study is to comprehend the action mechanisms of oleandrin against various pathological conditions. The current review is a comprehensive summary to facilitate the researchers to understand the pharmacological position of the oleandrin in the arena of drug discovery, representing this compound as a new drug candidate for further researches. Moreover, in vivo and in silico based studies are required to explore the mechanistic approaches regarding the pharmacokinetics and biosafety profiling of this compound to completely track its candidature status in natural drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Batool
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Arif Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nidge Campus, 51240, Turkey
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24
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Satterlee AB, Dunn DE, Lo DC, Khagi S, Hingtgen S. Tumoricidal stem cell therapy enables killing in novel hybrid models of heterogeneous glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21:1552-1564. [PMID: 31420675 PMCID: PMC6917409 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-homing tumoricidal neural stem cell (tNSC) therapy is a promising new strategy that recently entered human patient testing for glioblastoma (GBM). Developing strategies for tNSC therapy to overcome intratumoral heterogeneity, variable cancer cell invasiveness, and differential drug response of GBM will be essential for efficacious treatment response in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to create novel hybrid tumor models and investigate the impact of GBM heterogeneity on tNSC therapies. METHODS We used organotypic brain slice explants and distinct human GBM cell types to generate heterogeneous models ex vivo and in vivo. We then tested the efficacy of mono- and combination therapy with primary NSCs and fibroblast-derived human induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) engineered with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or enzyme-prodrug therapy. RESULTS Optical imaging, molecular assays, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the hybrid models recapitulated key aspects of patient GBM, including heterogeneity in TRAIL sensitivity, proliferation, migration patterns, hypoxia, blood vessel structure, cancer stem cell populations, and immune infiltration. To explore the impact of heterogeneity on tNSC therapy, testing in multiple in vivo models showed that tNSC-TRAIL therapy potently inhibited tumor growth and significantly increased survival across all paradigms. Patterns of tumor recurrence varied with therapeutic (tNSC-TRAIL and/or tNSC-thymidine kinase), dose, and route of administration. CONCLUSIONS These studies report new hybrid models that accurately capture key aspects of GBM heterogeneity which markedly impact treatment response while demonstrating the ability of tNSC mono- and combination therapy to overcome certain aspects of heterogeneity for robust tumor kill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Satterlee
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Simon Khagi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; Division of Neuro-oncology, Department of Neurosurgery Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shawn Hingtgen
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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25
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Zhou C, Yu F, Zeng P, Zhang T, Huang H, Chen W, Wu B. Circadian sensitivity to the cardiac glycoside oleandrin is associated with diurnal intestinal P-glycoprotein expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113622. [PMID: 31472126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac glycoside oleandrin is a main active constituent of the botanical anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204, an extract of Nerium oleander. Here, we aimed to determine the circadian sensitivity of mice to oleandrin, and to investigate the role of intestinal P-gp in generating rhythmic drug toxicity. Toxicity and pharmacokinetic experiments were performed with wild-type, Bmal1iKO (intestine-specific Bmal1 knockout) and Bmal1fl/fl (control littermates of Bmal1iKO) mice. The cardiac toxicity (reflected by plasma CK-MB, LDH and cTn-I levels) varied significantly with the times of drug dosing in wild-type mice (a lower toxicity at ZT10 and more severe at ZT2/22). Dosing at ZT2 generated a higher drug exposure than ZT10, supporting a lower toxicity at ZT10. Intracellular accumulation of oleandrin (2.5-10 μM) was reduced in MDCKⅡ-MDR1 than in parental cells. MDR1 overexpression decreased the cell sensitivity to oleandrin toxicity. The net flux ratio (MDCKⅡ-MDR1 versus parental cells) was 2.9 for oleandrin. These data indicated oleandrin as a P-gp substrate. Both mdr1a mRNA and P-gp protein oscillated with the times of the day in small intestine of Bmal1fl/fl mice. Intestinal ablation of Bmal1 down-regulated mdr1a mRNA and P-gp protein, and abrogated their rhythms. Likewise, Bmal1 silencing led to down-regulated mdr1a mRNA and to a loss of its rhythmicity in serum-shocked CT26 cells. Based on luciferase reporter assays, Bmal1 regulated rhythmic mdr1a transcription through the clock output genes Hlf and E4bp4. Intestinal ablation of Bmal1 exacerbated oleandrin toxicity and enhanced drug exposure. Moreover, time dependency of toxicity and drug exposure were lost in Bmal1iKO mice. In conclusion, diurnal intestinal P-gp is a critical factor influencing daily oleandrin exposure and toxicity. Our findings have implications in minimizing oleandrin (and possibly Nerium oleander) toxicity and improving drug efficacy via dosing time optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhou
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangjun Yu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peng Zeng
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianpeng Zhang
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yichun University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenying Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Research Center for Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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26
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Dhar P, Das SK, Barhwal K, Hota SK, Mishra KP, Singh SB. Trans-Himalayan Phytococktail Confers Protection Against Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Male Sprague Dawley Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2019; 20:279-292. [PMID: 31550185 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to cause neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Hippophae rhamnoides, Prunus armeniaca, and Rhodiola imbricata, the indigenous plants of Indian Trans-Himalaya are widely used in traditional Tibetan and Amchi system of medicine. These are rich sources of diverse bioactive metabolites having prophylactic and therapeutic uses against a wide array of neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate the prophylactic and neuroprotective efficacy of formulated phytococktail (PC) against simulated HH-induced neurodegeneration in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and Methods: A PC containing H. rhamnoides fruit pulp, P. armeniaca fruit pulp, and R. imbricata dry root extract (100:50:1) was formulated. The neuroprotective efficacy of PC was evaluated in male SD rats following exposure to 7 day HH at simulated altitude (25,000 ft, 282 mm Hg). Rats were divided into four groups viz., normoxia group (NOR), normoxic group treated with PC (NORPC), 7 day hypoxic group treated with vehicle (7DH), and 7 day hypoxic group treated with PC (7DHPC). Memory impairment and neuromorphological alterations were measured. Targeted protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting study. Results: PC supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress markers during exposure to HH. Spatial memory impairment by HH was significantly ameliorated by PC. HH-induced augmented pyknosis, decreased dendritic arborization, and increased Hoechst-positive neurons in hippocampal CA3 region were significantly ameliorated by PC. Immunoblotting study showed upregulation of BDNF and TrkB expression by PC. PC also prevented the hippocampal neurodegeneration by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which leads to GSK-3β inactivation by its phosphorylation and alleviation of hippocampal Caspase3 expression leading to inhibition of apoptotic neuronal cell death. Conclusion: The present study advocates the potential role of PC as an effective neuroprotective supplement in preventing HH-induced neurodegeneration. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway through BDNF/TrkB interaction following PC supplementation after exposure to HH inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dhar
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Salt Lake City, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,Center for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kalpana Barhwal
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India.,All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Hota
- Defense Institute of High Altitude Research, Defense Research and Development Organization, Leh-Ladakh, India
| | - Kamla Prasad Mishra
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Defense Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defense Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, India
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27
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Hutchison T, Yapindi L, Malu A, Newman RA, Sastry KJ, Harrod R. The Botanical Glycoside Oleandrin Inhibits Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Infectivity and Env-Dependent Virological Synapse Formation. JOURNAL OF ANTIVIRALS & ANTIRETROVIRALS 2019; 11. [PMID: 31824586 PMCID: PMC6904119 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At present, there are no antiretroviral drugs that inhibit incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into newly-synthesized virus particles. The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander, has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro. We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1): A related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. These results demonstrated that both oleandrin and the crude phytoextract inhibited the formation of virological synapses and the transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro. Importantly, these findings suggest oleandrin may have broad antiviral activity against enveloped viruses by reducing the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into mature particles, a stage of the infection cycle not targeted by modern HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hutchison
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0376, USA
| | - Laçin Yapindi
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0376, USA
| | - Aditi Malu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0376, USA
| | - Robert A Newman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Departments of Immunology and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Robert Harrod
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Biological Sciences, The Dedman College Center for Drug Discovery, Design & Delivery, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 75275-0376, USA
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28
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de Souza Gonçalves B, de Moura Valadares JM, Alves SLG, Silva SC, Rangel LP, Cortes VF, Villar JAFP, Barbosa LA, de Lima Santos H. Evaluation of neuroprotective activity of digoxin and semisynthetic derivatives against partial chemical ischemia. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17108-17122. [PMID: 31310381 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, cardiotonic steroids (CTS) have been shown to lead to the activation of Na,K-ATPase at low concentrations in brain, promoting neuroprotection against ischemia. We report here the results of the use of digoxin and its semisynthetic derivatives BD-14, BD-15, and BD-16 against partial chemical ischemic induction followed by reperfusion in murine neuroblastoma cells neuro-2a (N2a). For chemical ischemic induction, sodium azide (5 mM) was used for 5 hours, and then reperfusion was induced for 24 hours. Na,K-ATPase activity and protein levels were analyzed in membrane preparation of N2a cells pretreated with the compounds (150 nM), in the controls and in induced chemical ischemia. In the Na,K-ATPase activity and protein levels assays, the steroids digoxin and BD-15 demonstrated a capacity to modulate the activity of the enzyme directly, increasing its levels of expression and activity. Oxidative parameters, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) levels, hydrogen peroxide content, and the amount of free radicals (reactive oxygen species) during induced chemical ischemia were also evaluated. Regarding the redox state, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, and GPx activity, we have observed an increase in the chemical ischemic group, and a reduction in the groups treated with CTS. SOD activity increased in all treated groups when compared to control and GSH levels decreased when treated with sodium azide and did not change with CTS treatments. Regarding the lipid profile, we saw a decrease in the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in the chemical ischemic group, and an increase in the groups treated with CTS. In conclusion, the compounds used in this study demonstrate promising results, since they appear to promote neuroprotection in cells exposed to chemical ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Silmara L G Alves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Nanoestruturas, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone C Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Nanoestruturas, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Rangel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Tumoral, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F Cortes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José A F P Villar
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica e Nanoestruturas, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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29
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Tsai JC, Liu WS, Tseng YT, Lam HI, Chen SY, Fang CL, Tong TS, Lai YJ. Extracts of Cerbera manghas L. effectively inhibit the viability of glioblastoma cell lines and their cancer stemloids in vitro and in mouse xenograft model. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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30
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Lopachev AV, Lopacheva OM, Nikiforova KA, Filimonov IS, Fedorova TN, Akkuratov EE. Comparative Action of Cardiotonic Steroids on Intracellular Processes in Rat Cortical Neurons. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:140-151. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Rinkenbaugh AL, Cogswell PC, Calamini B, Dunn DE, Persson AI, Weiss WA, Lo DC, Baldwin AS. IKK/NF-κB signaling contributes to glioblastoma stem cell maintenance. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69173-69187. [PMID: 27732951 PMCID: PMC5342468 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) carries a poor prognosis and continues to lack effective treatments. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) drive tumor formation, invasion, and drug resistance and, as such, are the focus of studies to identify new therapies for disease control. Here, we identify the involvement of IKK and NF-κB signaling in the maintenance of GSCs. Inhibition of this pathway impairs self-renewal as analyzed in tumorsphere formation and GBM expansion as analyzed in brain slice culture. Interestingly, both the canonical and non-canonical branches of the NF-κB pathway are shown to contribute to this phenotype. One source of NF-κB activation in GBM involves the TGF-β/TAK1 signaling axis. Together, our results demonstrate a role for the NF-κB pathway in GSCs and provide a mechanistic basis for its potential as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rinkenbaugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patricia C Cogswell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Chordoma Foundation, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Calamini
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anders I Persson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Elmaci İ, Alturfan EE, Cengiz S, Ozpinar A, Altinoz MA. Neuroprotective and tumoricidal activities of cardiac glycosides. Could oleandrin be a new weapon against stroke and glioblastoma? Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:865-877. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1435540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İlhan Elmaci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Salih Cengiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Ozpinar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meric A. Altinoz
- Neuroacademy Group, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University, Holland
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Nadji S, Abdaoui A, Ouerdane H, Azzouz M, Abtroun R, Reggab M, Alamir B. Determination of Oleandrin Levels by HPLC-DAD in Vegetal Material Collected Throughout Algeria and the Study of Some Influencing Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2017.74.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The Glycoside Oleandrin Reduces Glioma Growth with Direct and Indirect Effects on Tumor Cells. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3926-3939. [PMID: 28292827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2296-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleandrin is a glycoside that inhibits the ubiquitous enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase. In addition to its known effects on cardiac muscle, recent in vitro and in vivo evidence highlighted its potential for anticancer properties. Here, we evaluated for the first time the effect of oleandrin on brain tumors. To this aim, mice were transplanted with human or murine glioma and analyzed for tumor progression upon oleandrin treatment. In both systems, oleandrin impaired glioma development, reduced tumor size, and inhibited cell proliferation. We demonstrated that oleandrin does the following: (1) enhances the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level in the brain; (2) reduces both microglia/macrophage infiltration and CD68 immunoreactivity in the tumor mass; (3) decreases astrogliosis in peritumoral area; and (4) reduces glioma cell infiltration in healthy parenchyma. In BDNF-deficient mice (bdnftm1Jae/J) and in glioma cells silenced for TrkB receptor expression, oleandrin was not effective, indicating a crucial role for BDNF in oleandrin's protective and antitumor functions. In addition, we found that oleandrin increases survival of temozolomide-treated mice. These results encourage the development of oleandrin as possible coadjuvant agent in clinical trials of glioma treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this work, we paved the road for a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of brain tumors, demonstrating the potential of using the cardioactive glycoside oleandrin as a coadjuvant drug to standard chemotherapeutics such as temozolomide. In murine models of glioma, we demonstrated that oleandrin significantly increased mouse survival and reduced tumor growth both directly on tumor cells and indirectly by promoting an antitumor brain microenvironment with a key protective role played by the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Heffron
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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36
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Lee HK, Keum S, Sheng H, Warner DS, Lo DC, Marchuk DA. Natural allelic variation of the IL-21 receptor modulates ischemic stroke infarct volume. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2827-38. [PMID: 27400126 DOI: 10.1172/jci84491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk for ischemic stroke has a strong genetic basis, but heritable factors also contribute to the extent of damage after a stroke has occurred. We previously identified a locus on distal mouse chromosome 7 that contributes over 50% of the variation in postischemic cerebral infarct volume observed between inbred strains. Here, we used ancestral haplotype analysis to fine-map this locus to 12 candidate genes. The gene encoding the IL-21 receptor (Il21r) showed a marked difference in strain-specific transcription levels and coding variants in neonatal and adult cortical tissue. Collateral vessel connections were moderately reduced in Il21r-deficient mice, and cerebral infarct volume increased 2.3-fold, suggesting that Il21r modulates both collateral vessel anatomy and innate neuroprotection. In brain slice explants, oxygen deprivation (OD) activated apoptotic pathways and increased neuronal cell death in IL-21 receptor-deficient (IL-21R-deficient) mice compared with control animals. We determined that the neuroprotective effects of IL-21R arose from signaling through JAK/STAT pathways and upregulation of caspase 3. Thus, natural genetic variation in murine Il21r influences neuronal cell viability after ischemia by modulating receptor function and downstream signal transduction. The identification of neuroprotective genes based on naturally occurring allelic variations has the potential to inform the development of drug targets for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Dual activities of the anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204 provide neuroprotection in brain slice models for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25626. [PMID: 27172999 PMCID: PMC4865873 DOI: 10.1038/srep25626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported neuroprotective activity of the botanical anti-cancer drug candidate PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, in brain slice and in vivo models of ischemic stroke. We showed that one component of this neuroprotective activity is mediated through its principal cardiac glycoside constituent, oleandrin, via induction of the potent neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, we also noted that the concentration-relation for PBI-05204 in the brain slice oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model is considerably broader than that for oleandrin as a single agent. We thus surmised that PBI-05204 contains an additional neuroprotective component(s), distinct from oleandrin. We report here that neuroprotective activity is also provided by the triterpenoid constituents of PBI-05204, notably oleanolic acid. We demonstrate that a sub-fraction of PBI-05204 (Fraction 0–4) containing oleanolic and other triterpenoids, but without cardiac glycosides, induces the expression of cellular antioxidant gene transcription programs regulated through antioxidant transcriptional response elements (AREs). Finally, we show that Fraction 0–4 provides broad neuroprotection in organotypic brain slice models for neurodegeneration driven by amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementias, respectively, in addition to ischemic injury modeled by OGD.
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Orellana AM, Kinoshita PF, Leite JA, Kawamoto EM, Scavone C. Cardiotonic Steroids as Modulators of Neuroinflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:10. [PMID: 26909067 PMCID: PMC4754428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) are a class of specific ligands of the Na(+), K(+)- ATPase (NKA). NKA is a P-type ATPase that is ubiquitously expressed and although well known to be responsible for the maintenance of the cell electrochemical gradient through active transport, NKA can also act as a signal transducer in the presence of CTS. Inflammation, in addition to importantly driving organism defense and survival mechanisms, can also modulate NKA activity and memory formation, as well as being relevant to many chronic illnesses, neurodegenerative diseases, and mood disorders. The aim of the current review is to highlight the recent advances as to the role of CTS and NKA in inflammatory process, with a particular focus in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Orellana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Fernanda Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Alves Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristoforo Scavone,
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Fakoorziba MR, Moemenbellah-Fard MD, Azizi K, Mokhtari F. Mosquitocidal efficacy of medicinal plant, Nerium oleander (Apocynaceae), leaf and flower extracts against malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Pan Y, Rhea P, Tan L, Cartwright C, Lee HJ, Ravoori MK, Addington C, Gagea M, Kundra V, Kim SJ, Newman RA, Yang P. PBI-05204, a supercritical CO₂ extract of Nerium oleander, inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer via targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Invest New Drugs 2014; 33:271-9. [PMID: 25476893 PMCID: PMC4387257 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside, exerts strong anti-proliferative activity against various human malignancies in in vitro cells. Here, we report the antitumor efficacy of PBI-05204, a supercritical C0₂ extract of Nerium oleander containing oleandrin, in a human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 orthotopic model. Results While all the control mice exhibited tumors by the end of treatment, only 2 of 8 mice (25%) treated for 6 weeks with PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) showed dissectible tumor at the end of the treatment period. The average tumor weight (222.9 ± 116.9 mg) in mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) was significantly reduced from that in controls (920.0 ± 430.0 mg) (p < 0.05). Histopathologic examination of serial sections from each pancreas with no dissectible tumor in the PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) treated group showed that the pancreatic tissues of 5/6 mice were normal while the remaining mouse had a tumor the largest diameter of which was less than 2.3 mm. In contrast, while gemcitabine alone did not significantly reduce tumor growth, PBI-05204 markedly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of gemcitabine in this particular model. Ki-67 staining was reduced in pancreatic tumors from mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) compared to that of control, suggesting that PBI-05204 inhibited the proliferation of the Panc-1 tumor cells. PBI-05204 suppressed expression of pAkt, pS6, and p4EPB1 in a concentration-dependent manner in both Panc-1 tumor tissues and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, implying that this novel botanical drug exerts its potent antitumor activity, at least in part, through down-regulation of PI3k/Akt and mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0462, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Autosis and autophagic cell death: the dark side of autophagy. Cell Death Differ 2014; 22:367-76. [PMID: 25257169 PMCID: PMC4326571 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It is controversial whether cells truly die via autophagy or whether — in dying cells — autophagy is merely an innocent bystander or a well-intentioned ‘Good Samaritan' trying to prevent inevitable cellular demise. However, there is increasing evidence that the genetic machinery of autophagy may be essential for cell death in certain settings. We recently identified a novel form of autophagy gene-dependent cell death, termed autosis, which is mediated by the Na+,K+-ATPase pump and has unique morphological features. High levels of cellular autophagy, as occurs with treatment with autophagy-inducing peptides, starvation, or in vivo during certain types of ischemia, can trigger autosis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and strategies for prevention of cell death during extreme stress conditions.
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Dey P, Chaudhuri TK. Pharmacological aspects of Nerium indicum Mill: A comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:156-62. [PMID: 25125887 PMCID: PMC4127823 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytomedicine is the oldest medical practice known to man. Since the dawn of mankind, various plant resources are used to cure different diseases and also for a long and healthy life. The ancient knowledge of plant based medicine has transferred from generations to generations and accumulated as ethnopharmacological knowledge among different ethnic groups. India is the spanning bed of traditional phytomedicinal system where Ayurveda was born out of the knowledge of traditional medicine. In various other countries of South-Eastern Asia, South America, and in Arabian countries, still today, a great number of people rely primarily on phytomedicines to cure diseases. In the complementary and alternative medicinal systems, Nerium indicum is one such plant which is famed for its therapeutic efficiency in different diseases globally. In the present time, when the pharmaceutical companies are concentrating more toward the plant based traditional medicines to avoid the side-effects and resistance against synthetic drugs, N. indicum has proved its efficiency in different disease models. Therefore, this review comprehensively covers the medicinal and pharmacological activities of different parts of the plant N. indicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Zoology, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Chaudhuri
- Department of Zoology, Cellular Immunology Laboratory, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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43
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Teng J, Hejazi S, Badr CE, Tannous BA. Systemic anticancer neural stem cells in combination with a cardiac glycoside for glioblastoma therapy. Stem Cells 2014; 32:2021-32. [PMID: 24801379 PMCID: PMC4454401 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-tropic properties of neural stem cells (NSCs) have been shown to serve as a novel strategy to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors. Recently, we have reported that the cardiac glycoside lanatoside C (Lan C) sensitizes glioma cells to the anticancer agent tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Here, we engineered an FDA-approved human NSC line to synthesize and secrete TRAIL and the Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) blood reporter. We showed that upon systemic injection, these cells selectively migrate toward tumors in the mice brain across the blood-brain barrier, target invasive glioma stem-like cells, and induce tumor regression when combined with Lan C. Gluc blood assay revealed that 30% of NSCs survived 1 day postsystemic injection and around 0.5% of these cells remained viable after 5 weeks in glioma-bearing mice. This study demonstrates the potential of systemic injection of NSCs to deliver anticancer agents, such as TRAIL, which yields glioma regression when combined with Lan C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seyedali Hejazi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian E. Badr
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bakhos A. Tannous
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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BDNF mediates neuroprotection against oxygen-glucose deprivation by the cardiac glycoside oleandrin. J Neurosci 2014; 34:963-8. [PMID: 24431454 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2700-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the botanical drug candidate PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, provides neuroprotection in both in vitro and in vivo brain slice-based models for focal ischemia (Dunn et al., 2011). Intriguingly, plasma levels of the neurotrophin BDNF were increased in patients treated with PBI-05204 in a phase I clinical trial (Bidyasar et al., 2009). We thus tested the hypothesis that neuroprotection provided by PBI-05204 to rat brain slices damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) is mediated by BDNF. We found, in fact, that exogenous BDNF protein itself is sufficient to protect brain slices against OGD, whereas downstream activation of TrkB receptors for BDNF is necessary for neuroprotection provided by PBI-05204, using three independent methods. Finally, we provide evidence that oleandrin, the principal cardiac glycoside component of PBI-05204, can quantitatively account for regulation of BDNF at both the protein and transcriptional levels. Together, these findings support further investigation of cardiac glycosides in providing neuroprotection in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Autosis is a Na+,K+-ATPase-regulated form of cell death triggered by autophagy-inducing peptides, starvation, and hypoxia-ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20364-71. [PMID: 24277826 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319661110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing controversy is whether autophagy is a bona fide cause of mammalian cell death. We used a cell-penetrating autophagy-inducing peptide, Tat-Beclin 1, derived from the autophagy protein Beclin 1, to investigate whether high levels of autophagy result in cell death by autophagy. Here we show that Tat-Beclin 1 induces dose-dependent death that is blocked by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy, but not of apoptosis or necroptosis. This death, termed "autosis," has unique morphological features, including increased autophagosomes/autolysosomes and nuclear convolution at early stages, and focal swelling of the perinuclear space at late stages. We also observed autotic death in cells during stress conditions, including in a subpopulation of nutrient-starved cells in vitro and in hippocampal neurons of neonatal rats subjected to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in vivo. A chemical screen of ~5,000 known bioactive compounds revealed that cardiac glycosides, antagonists of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, inhibit autotic cell death in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α1 subunit blocks peptide and starvation-induced autosis in vitro. Thus, we have identified a unique form of autophagy-dependent cell death, a Food and Drug Administration-approved class of compounds that inhibit such death, and a crucial role for Na(+),K(+)-ATPase in its regulation. These findings have implications for understanding how cells die during certain stress conditions and how such cell death might be prevented.
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Keum S, Lee HK, Chu PL, Kan MJ, Huang MN, Gallione CJ, Gunn MD, Lo DC, Marchuk DA. Natural genetic variation of integrin alpha L (Itgal) modulates ischemic brain injury in stroke. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003807. [PMID: 24130503 PMCID: PMC3794904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During ischemic stroke, occlusion of the cerebrovasculature causes neuronal cell death (infarction), but naturally occurring genetic factors modulating infarction have been difficult to identify in human populations. In a surgically induced mouse model of ischemic stroke, we have previously mapped Civq1 to distal chromosome 7 as a quantitative trait locus determining infarct volume. In this study, genome-wide association mapping using 32 inbred mouse strains and an additional linkage scan for infarct volume confirmed that the size of the infarct is determined by ancestral alleles of the causative gene(s). The genetically isolated Civq1 locus in reciprocal recombinant congenic mice refined the critical interval and demonstrated that infarct size is determined by both vascular (collateral vessel anatomy) and non-vascular (neuroprotection) effects. Through the use of interval-specific SNP haplotype analysis, we further refined the Civq1 locus and identified integrin alpha L (Itgal) as one of the causative genes for Civq1. Itgal is the only gene that exhibits both strain-specific amino acid substitutions and expression differences. Coding SNPs, a 5-bp insertion in exon 30b, and increased mRNA and protein expression of a splice variant of the gene (Itgal-003, ENSMUST00000120857), all segregate with infarct volume. Mice lacking Itgal show increased neuronal cell death in both ex vivo brain slice and in vivo focal cerebral ischemia. Our data demonstrate that sequence variation in Itgal modulates ischemic brain injury, and that infarct volume is determined by both vascular and non-vascular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Keum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Han Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Kan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Min-Nung Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carol J. Gallione
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Donald C. Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Natural products inspired synthesis of neuroprotective agents against H2O2-induced cell death. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1232-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Montalto G, Cervello M, Libra M, Candido S, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Milella M, Tafuri A, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Cocco L, Martelli AM. Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascade inhibitors: how mutations can result in therapy resistance and how to overcome resistance. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1068-111. [PMID: 23085539 PMCID: PMC3717945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR cascades are often activated by genetic alterations in upstream signaling molecules such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). Targeting these pathways is often complex and can result in pathway activation depending on the presence of upstream mutations (e.g., Raf inhibitors induce Raf activation in cells with wild type (WT) RAF in the presence of mutant, activated RAS) and rapamycin can induce Akt activation. Targeting with inhibitors directed at two constituents of the same pathway or two different signaling pathways may be a more effective approach. This review will first evaluate potential uses of Raf, MEK, PI3K, Akt and mTOR inhibitors that have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical investigations and then discuss how cancers can become insensitive to various inhibitors and potential strategies to overcome this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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Huang HF, Guo F, Cao YZ, Shi W, Xia Q. Neuroprotection by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mimics: antioxidant effect and oxidative stress regulation in acute experimental stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:811-8. [PMID: 22934841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2012.00380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), one of the most crucial antioxidant enzymes in the central nervous system, is thought to be one of the major mechanisms by which cells counteract the injuries of reactive oxygen species after cerebral ischemia. In this study, we used a novel synthesized compound (MnTm4PyP) with highly effective superoxide dismutase activity to study the therapeutic potential of MnSOD and the possible underlying mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. METHODS Primary cultured cortical neurons were used to examine the protective effect of the compounds. Mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion were used as ischemic stroke animal model. Animals were pretreated with MnTm4PyP intravenously 30 min before surgery. At 24 h after surgery, neurological behavior and histological function were observed. Infarcted cortex tissues and cultured neurons were collected for investigation of the oxidative stress signaling pathways. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed that MnSOD mimic MnTm4PyP pretreatment significantly increased viability of neurons after injury by H(2) O(2) . Intracellular superoxide radical levels were eliminated. In vivo experiments demonstrated MnTm4PyP pretreatment reduced infarct volume and improved neurological function. The MnSOD mimic alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION MnSOD is an effective therapeutic target in ischemic stroke prevention because of its antioxidant effects and oxidative stress regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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