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Chakraborty P, Gamage HKAH, Laird AS. Butyrate as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105745. [PMID: 38641025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining an optimum microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract is intricately linked to human metabolic, immune and brain health. Disturbance to these microbial populations perturbs the production of vital bioactive compounds synthesised by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Of the SCFAs, butyrate is known to be a major source of energy for colonocytes and has valuable effects on the maintenance of intestinal epithelium and blood brain barrier integrity, gut motility and transit, anti-inflammatory effects, and autophagy induction. Inducing endogenous butyrate production is likely to be beneficial for gut-brain homeostasis and for optimal neuronal function. For these reasons, butyrate has gained interest as a potential therapy for not only metabolic and immunological disorders, but also conditions related to the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases. While direct and indirect sources of butyrate, including prebiotics, probiotics, butyrate pro-drugs and glucosidase inhibitors, offer a promising therapeutic avenue, their efficacy and dosage in neurodegenerative conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we review current literature on effects of butyrate relevant to neuronal function, the impact of butyrate in a range of neurodegenerative diseases and related treatments that may have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Chakraborty
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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2
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Morello G, Guarnaccia M, La Cognata V, Latina V, Calissano P, Amadoro G, Cavallaro S. Transcriptomic Analysis in the Hippocampus and Retina of Tg2576 AD Mice Reveals Defective Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Recovery by Tau 12A12mAb Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:2254. [PMID: 37759477 PMCID: PMC10527038 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates decreased energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunctions among the earliest pathogenic events of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying bioenergetic dysfunctions in AD remain, to date, largely unknown. In this work, we analyzed transcriptomic changes occurring in the hippocampus and retina of a Tg2576 AD mouse model and wild-type controls, evaluating their functional implications by gene set enrichment analysis. The results revealed that oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial-related pathways are significantly down-regulated in both tissues of Tg2576 mice, supporting the role of these processes in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, we also analyzed transcriptomic changes occurring in Tg2576 mice treated with the 12A12 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes an AD-relevant tau-derived neurotoxic peptide in vivo. Our analysis showed that the mitochondrial alterations observed in AD mice were significantly reverted by treatment with 12A12mAb, supporting bioenergetic pathways as key mediators of its in vivo neuroprotective and anti-amyloidogenic effects. This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive characterization of molecular events underlying the disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics in AD pathology, laying the foundation for the future development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Valentina Latina
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Pietro Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Amadoro
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Viale Regina Elena 295, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.L.); (P.C.); (G.A.)
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
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3
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Hemedan AA, Schneider R, Ostaszewski M. Applications of Boolean modeling to study the dynamics of a complex disease and therapeutics responses. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2023; 3:1189723. [PMID: 37325771 PMCID: PMC10267406 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2023.1189723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has emerged as a critical tool in investigating the complex molecular processes involved in biological systems and diseases. In this study, we apply Boolean modeling to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Our approach is based on the PD-map, a comprehensive molecular interaction diagram that captures the key mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of PD. Using Boolean modeling, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the disease dynamics, identify potential drug targets, and simulate the response to treatments. Our analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach in uncovering the intricacies of PD. Our results confirm existing knowledge about the disease and provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, ultimately suggesting potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, our approach allows us to parametrize the models based on omics data for further disease stratification. Our study highlights the value of computational modeling in advancing our understanding of complex biological systems and diseases, emphasizing the importance of continued research in this field. Furthermore, our findings have potential implications for the development of novel therapies for PD, which is a pressing public health concern. Overall, this study represents a significant step forward in the application of computational modeling to the investigation of neurodegenerative diseases, and underscores the power of interdisciplinary approaches in tackling challenging biomedical problems.
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4
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Guan SP, Kumar SN, Fann DY, Kennedy BK. A mechanistic perspective on the health promoting effects of alcohol - A focus on epigenetics modification. Alcohol 2023; 107:91-96. [PMID: 35987314 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While the detrimental effects of binge drinking are well recognized, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may be beneficial to health, although the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this opinion article, we will examine the effects of low dose alcohol consumption from the perspective of epigenetic modulation. Biochemically, alcohol is metabolized into acetate and subsequently to acetyl-coA, which can modulate histone acetylation levels. While elevated levels of acetyl-CoA are detrimental for longevity, we argue that diminished acetyl-CoA also negatively affects fatty acid biosynthesis and histone acetylation, which play a critical role in gene expression and, ultimately, health span. Since mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism, which provide the main source of nucleocytoplasmic acetyl-CoA, are compromised with age, alcohol-derived acetate could be an alternative source of acetyl-CoA to compensate. Hence, the health benefits of low ethanol consumption may be more pronounced after midlife, since mitochondrial function and/or glucose metabolism are diminished in this phase of the life course. Indeed, various clinical alcohol consumption studies concur with this notion, and have shown that a low dose of regular alcohol intake after midlife brings about various health and survival benefits. The requirement for regular alcohol intake may also reflect the transient nature of ethanol-induced histone acetylation. Conversely, ethanol may also stimulate carcinogenesis by inhibiting DNA methylation, as it was shown to reduce various pathways leading to DNA and histone methylation. However, unlike acetylation, where ethanol directly increases the substrate for acetylation, this effect was only observed in the high alcohol exposure cohort. While alcohol-derived acetate may be beneficial for health after midlife, various detrimental effects of alcohol consumption remain, and hence, we do not advocate excessive drinking to increase acetate. This opinion article establishes a possible role of ethanol-derived acetate in achieving homeostasis and sustaining an organism's health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Ping Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shermila N Kumar
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - David Y Fann
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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5
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Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Life's essential, vulnerable and druggable energy homeostat. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:59-102. [PMID: 36863425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Found in all organisms, pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC) are the keystones of prokaryotic and eukaryotic energy metabolism. In eukaryotic organisms these multi-component megacomplexes provide a crucial mechanistic link between cytoplasmic glycolysis and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. As a consequence, PDCs also influence the metabolism of branched chain amino acids, lipids and, ultimately, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). PDC activity is an essential determinant of the metabolic and bioenergetic flexibility of metazoan organisms in adapting to changes in development, nutrient availability and various stresses that challenge maintenance of homeostasis. This canonical role of the PDC has been extensively probed over the past decades by multidisciplinary investigations into its causal association with diverse physiological and pathological conditions, the latter making the PDC an increasingly viable therapeutic target. Here we review the biology of the remarkable PDC and its emerging importance in the pathobiology and treatment of diverse congenital and acquired disorders of metabolic integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine (Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes), and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Sciences, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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6
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Meyers AK, Wang Z, Han W, Zhao Q, Zabalawi M, Duan L, Liu J, Zhang Q, Manne RK, Lorenzo F, Quinn MA, Song Q, Fan D, Lin HK, Furdui CM, Locasale JW, McCall CE, Zhu X. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase supports macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome activation during acute inflammation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111941. [PMID: 36640341 PMCID: PMC10117036 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating the macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome can promote excessive inflammation with severe cell and tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Here, we show that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) significantly attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in murine and human macrophages and septic mice by lowering caspase-1 cleavage and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. Inhibiting PDHK reverses NLRP3 inflammasome-induced metabolic reprogramming, enhances autophagy, promotes mitochondrial fusion over fission, preserves crista ultrastructure, and attenuates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The suppressive effect of PDHK inhibition on the NLRP3 inflammasome is independent of its canonical role as a pyruvate dehydrogenase regulator. Our study suggestsa non-canonical role of mitochondrial PDHK in promoting mitochondrial stress and supporting NLRP3 inflammasome activation during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison K Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Zhan Wang
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wenzheng Han
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Likun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Rajesh K Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Felipe Lorenzo
- Section on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew A Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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7
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Alshahrani SH, Ibrahim YS, Jalil AT, Altoum AA, Achmad H, Zabibah RS, Gabr GA, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Alameri AA, Qasim QA, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Metabolic reprogramming by miRNAs in the tumor microenvironment: Focused on immunometabolism. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1042196. [PMID: 36483029 PMCID: PMC9723351 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1042196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as a significant modulator of immunity, and their abnormal expression/activity has been linked to numerous human disorders, such as cancer. It is now known that miRNAs potentially modulate the production of several metabolic processes in tumor-associated immune cells and indirectly via different metabolic enzymes that affect tumor-associated signaling cascades. For instance, Let-7 has been identified as a crucial modulator for the long-lasting survival of CD8+ T cells (naive phenotypes) in cancer by altering their metabolism. Furthermore, in T cells, it has been found that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression is controlled via glycolytic metabolism through miRNAs in patients with ovarian cancer. On the other hand, immunometabolism has shown us that cellular metabolic reactions and processes not only generate ATP and biosynthetic intermediates but also modulate the immune system and inflammatory processes. Based on recent studies, new and encouraging approaches to cancer involving the modification of miRNAs in immune cell metabolism are currently being investigated, providing insight into promising targets for therapeutic strategies based on the pivotal role of immunometabolism in cancer. Throughout this overview, we explore and describe the significance of miRNAs in cancer and immune cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, King Khalid University, Almahala, Khamis Mushate, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-maarif University College, Ramadi, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| | - Abdelgadir Alamin Altoum
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harun Achmad
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Rahman S. Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Gamal A. Gabr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Laboratory of Psychometry and Ethology, Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Fatima I, Chen G, Botchkareva NV, Sharov AA, Thornton D, Wilkinson HN, Hardman MJ, Grutzkau A, Pedro de Magalhaes J, Seluanov A, Smith ESJ, Gorbunova V, Mardaryev AN, Faulkes CG, Botchkarev VA. Skin Aging in Long-Lived Naked Mole-Rats Is Accompanied by Increased Expression of Longevity-Associated and Tumor Suppressor Genes. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2853-2863.e4. [PMID: 35691364 PMCID: PMC9613526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) (Heterocephalus glaber) are long-lived mammals that possess a natural resistance to cancer and other age-related pathologies, maintaining a healthy life span >30 years. In this study, using immunohistochemical and RNA-sequencing analyses, we compare skin morphology, cellular composition, and global transcriptome signatures between young and aged (aged 3‒4 vs. 19‒23 years, respectively) NMRs. We show that similar to aging in human skin, aging in NMRs is accompanied by a decrease in epidermal thickness; keratinocyte proliferation; and a decline in the number of Merkel cells, T cells, antigen-presenting cells, and melanocytes. Similar to that in human skin aging, expression levels of dermal collagens are decreased, whereas matrix metalloproteinase 9 and matrix metalloproteinase 11 levels increased in aged versus in young NMR skin. RNA-sequencing analyses reveal that in contrast to human or mouse skin aging, the transcript levels of several longevity-associated (Igfbp3, Igf2bp3, Ing2) and tumor-suppressor (Btg2, Cdkn1a, Cdkn2c, Dnmt3a, Hic1, Socs3, Sfrp1, Sfrp5, Thbs1, Tsc1, Zfp36) genes are increased in aged NMR skin. Overall, these data suggest that specific features in the NMR skin aging transcriptome might contribute to the resistance of NMRs to spontaneous skin carcinogenesis and provide a platform for further investigations of NMRs as a model organism for studying the biology and disease resistance of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Fatima
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Guodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natalia V Botchkareva
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrey A Sharov
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Thornton
- Genomics of Aging and Rejuvenation Laboratory, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Holly N Wilkinson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Grutzkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
- Genomics of Aging and Rejuvenation Laboratory, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Univeristy of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Andrei N Mardaryev
- Centre for Skin Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir A Botchkarev
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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9
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Sleiman MB, Roy S, Gao AW, Sadler MC, von Alvensleben GVG, Li H, Sen S, Harrison DE, Nelson JF, Strong R, Miller RA, Kutalik Z, Williams RW, Auwerx J. Sex- and age-dependent genetics of longevity in a heterogeneous mouse population. Science 2022; 377:eabo3191. [PMID: 36173858 PMCID: PMC9905652 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA variants that modulate life span provide insight into determinants of health, disease, and aging. Through analyses in the UM-HET3 mice of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), we detected a sex-independent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 and identified sex-specific QTLs, some of which we detected only in older mice. Similar relations between life history and longevity were uncovered in mice and humans, underscoring the importance of early access to nutrients and early growth. We identified common age- and sex-specific genetic effects on gene expression that we integrated with model organism and human data to create a hypothesis-building interactive resource of prioritized longevity and body weight genes. Finally, we validated Hipk1, Ddost, Hspg2, Fgd6, and Pdk1 as conserved longevity genes using Caenorhabditis elegans life-span experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marie C. Sadler
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V. G. von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - James F. Nelson
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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10
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Kim YM, Choi SY, Hwang O, Lee JY. Pyruvate Prevents Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration and Motor Deficits in the 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Model of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6956-6970. [PMID: 36057709 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of dopamine(DA)rgic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, and primarily causes motor symptoms. While the pathological cause of PD remains uncertain, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and energy metabolic perturbation have been implicated. Pyruvate has been shown neuroprotective in animal models for many neurological disorders, presumably owing to its potent anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and energy metabolic properties. We therefore investigated whether exogenous pyruvate could also protect nigral DA neurons from degeneration and reverse the associated motor deficits in an animal model of PD using the DA neuron-specific toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP (20 mg/kg) was injected four times every 2 h into the peritoneum of mice, which resulted in a massive loss of DA neurons as well as an increase in neuronal death and cytosolic labile zinc overload. There were rises in inflammatory and oxidative responses, a drop in the striatal DA level, and the emergence of PD-related motor deficits. In comparison, when sodium pyruvate was administered intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 250 mg/kg for 7 days starting 2 h after the final MPTP treatment, significant relief in the MPTP-induced neuropathology, neurodegeneration, DA depletion, and motor symptoms was observed. Equiosmolar dose of NaCl had no neuroprotective effect, and lower doses of sodium pyruvate did not have any statistically significant effects. These findings suggest that pyruvate has therapeutic potential for the treatment of PD and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Suriya Muthukumaran N, Velusamy P, Akino Mercy CS, Langford D, Natarajaseenivasan K, Shanmughapriya S. MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1329. [PMID: 36013278 PMCID: PMC9410355 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival. Recent studies, however, show that cancer cells rely on glutamine, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism for energy. Oncogenes and scavenging pathways control many of these metabolic changes, and several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). Genes that are directly or indirectly responsible for energy production in cells are either negatively or positively regulated by miRNAs. Therefore, some miRNAs play an oncogenic role by regulating the metabolic shift that occurs in cancer cells. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial calcium stores and energy metabolism, thus promoting cancer cell survival, cell growth, and metastasis. In the electron transport chain (ETC), miRNAs enhance the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, and these apoptosome proteins are directed towards the ETC rather than to the apoptotic pathway. This review will highlight how miRNAs regulate the enzymes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors of cancer cell metabolism and mitochondrial calcium import/export pathways. The review will also focus on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, growth, and metastasis with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
| | - Charles Solomon Akino Mercy
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Dauphin, PA 17033, USA
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12
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Exosome mediated Tom40 delivery protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272511. [PMID: 35951602 PMCID: PMC9371349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegeneration. The expression level of Tom40, a crucial mitochondrial membrane protein, is significantly reduced in neurodegenerative disease subjects. Tom40 overexpression studies have shown to protect the neurons against oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, successful delivery of Tom40 protein to the brain could lead to a novel therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, delivering protein to the cell may be difficult. Especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a big hurdle to clear in order to deliver the protein to the brain. In the current study, we engineered exosomes, which are the extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, and able to cross BBB as delivery vehicles packing human Tom40. We found Tom40 protein delivery by the exosome successfully protected the cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. This result suggests that exosome-mediated delivery of Tom40 may potentially be useful in restoring mitochondrial functions and alleviating oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
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13
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The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Mitigates LPS-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction by Metabolic Regulation. Shock 2022; 57:308-317. [PMID: 35759309 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis is a fatal health issue induced by an aberrant host response to infection, and it correlates with organ damage and a high mortality rate. Endothelial barrier dysfunction and subsequent capillary leakage play major roles in sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction. Anaerobic glycolysis is the primary metabolic mode in sepsis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) serves as a critical hub in energy regulation. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of PDHC in metabolic regulation during the development of sepsis-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.In present study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and C57 BL/6 mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as models of endotoxemia. LPS increased basal glycolysis, compensatory glycolysis, and lactate secretion, indicating increased glycolysis level in endothelial cells (ECs). Activation of PDHC with dichloroacetate (DCA) reversed LPS-induced glycolysis, allowing PDHC to remain in the active dephosphorylated state, thereby preventing lactic acid production and HUVECs monolayers barrier dysfunction, as assessed by transendothelial electrical resistance and Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-labeled dextran. The in vivo study also showed that the lactate level and vascular permeability were increased in LPS-treated mice, but pretreatment with DCA attenuated these increases. The LPS-treated HUVEC model showed that DCA reversed LPS-induced phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α Ser293 and Ser300 to restore PDHC activity. Immunoprecipitation results showed that LPS treatment increased the acetylation level of PDH E1α in HUVECs.Our study suggested that activation of PDHC may represent a therapeutic target for treatment of LPS-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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How to Slow Down the Ticking Clock: Age-Associated Epigenetic Alterations and Related Interventions to Extend Life Span. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030468. [PMID: 35159278 PMCID: PMC8915189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations pose one major hallmark of organismal aging. Here, we provide an overview on recent findings describing the epigenetic changes that arise during aging and in related maladies such as neurodegeneration and cancer. Specifically, we focus on alterations of histone modifications and DNA methylation and illustrate the link with metabolic pathways. Age-related epigenetic, transcriptional and metabolic deregulations are highly interconnected, which renders dissociating cause and effect complicated. However, growing amounts of evidence support the notion that aging is not only accompanied by epigenetic alterations, but also at least in part induced by those. DNA methylation clocks emerged as a tool to objectively determine biological aging and turned out as a valuable source in search of factors positively and negatively impacting human life span. Moreover, specific epigenetic signatures can be used as biomarkers for age-associated disorders or even as targets for therapeutic approaches, as will be covered in this review. Finally, we summarize recent potential intervention strategies that target epigenetic mechanisms to extend healthy life span and provide an outlook on future developments in the field of longevity research.
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15
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Nahálková J. Focus on Molecular Functions of Anti-Aging Deacetylase SIRT3. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:21-34. [PMID: 35491023 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIRT3 is a protein lysine deacetylase with a prominent role in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, which is a vulnerable target in many diseases. Intriguingly, cellular aging is reversible just by SIRT3 overexpression, which raises many questions about the role of SIRT3 in the molecular anti-aging mechanisms. Therefore, functions of SIRT3 were analyzed through the interaction network of 407 substrates collected by data mining. Results of the pathway enrichment and gene function prediction confirmed functions in the primary metabolism and mitochondrial ATP production. However, it also suggested involvement in thermogenesis, brain-related neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's, Huntington's disease (HD), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The protein node prioritization analysis identified subunits of the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) as the nodes with the main regulatory effect within the entire interaction network. Additional high-ranked nodes were succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB), complex II, and ATP5F1, complex V of MRC. The analysis supports existence of the NADH/NAD+ driven regulatory feedback loop between SIRT3, complex I (MRC), and acetyl-CoA synthetases, and existence of the nuclear substrates of SIRT3. Unexplored functions of SIRT3 substrates such as LMNA and LMNB; HIF-1a, p53, DNA-PK, and PARK7 are highlighted for further scientific advances. SIRT3 acts as a repressor of BACE1 through the SIRT3-LKB1-AMPK-CREB-PGC1A-PPARG-BACE1 (SIRT3-BACE1), which functions are fitted the best by the Circadian Clock pathway. It forms a new working hypothesis as the therapeutical target for AD treatment. Other important pathways linked to SIRT3 activity are highlighted for therapeutical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Nahálková
- Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology Unit, Biochemworld Co., Skyttorp, Uppsala County, 74394, Sweden.
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16
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Integrated or Independent Actions of Metformin in Target Tissues Underlying Its Current Use and New Possible Applications in the Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder Area. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313068. [PMID: 34884872 PMCID: PMC8658259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is considered the first-choice drug for type 2 diabetes treatment. Actually, pleiotropic effects of metformin have been recognized, and there is evidence that this drug may have a favorable impact on health beyond its glucose-lowering activity. In summary, despite its long history, metformin is still an attractive research opportunity in the field of endocrine and metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer. To this end, its mode of action in distinct cell types is still in dispute. The aim of this work was to review the current knowledge and recent findings on the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of metformin in the field of metabolic and endocrine pathologies, including some endocrine tumors. Metformin is believed to act through multiple pathways that can be interconnected or work independently. Moreover, metformin effects on target tissues may be either direct or indirect, which means secondary to the actions on other tissues and consequent alterations at systemic level. Finally, as to the direct actions of metformin at cellular level, the intracellular milieu cooperates to cause differential responses to the drug between distinct cell types, despite the primary molecular targets may be the same within cells. Cellular bioenergetics can be regarded as the primary target of metformin action. Metformin can perturb the cytosolic and mitochondrial NAD/NADH ratio and the ATP/AMP ratio within cells, thus affecting enzymatic activities and metabolic and signaling pathways which depend on redox- and energy balance. In this context, the possible link between pyruvate metabolism and metformin actions is extensively discussed.
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17
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Zhou FQ. NAD +, Senolytics, or Pyruvate for Healthy Aging? Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211053407. [PMID: 34720589 PMCID: PMC8552375 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211053407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In last decades, healthy aging has become one of research hotspots in life science. It is well known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD+) level in cells decreases with aging and aging-related diseases. Several years ago, one of NAD+ precursors was first demonstrated with its new role in DNA damage repairing in mice, restoring old mice to their physical state at young ones. The finding encourages extensive studies in animal models and patients. NAD+ and its precursors have been popular products in nutrition markets. Alternatively, it was also evidenced that clearance of cellular senescence by senolytics preserved multiorgan (kidney and heart) function and extended healthy lifespan in mice. Subsequent studies confirmed findings in elderly patients subjected with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The senolytic therapy is now focused on various diseases in animal and clinical studies. However, pyruvate, as both a NAD+ substitute and a new senolytic, may be advantageous, on the equimolar basis, over current products above in preventing and treating diseases and aging. Pyruvate-enriched fluids, particularly pyruvate oral rehydration salt, may be a novel intervention for diseases and aging besides critical care. Albeit the direct evidence that benefits healthy aging is still limited to date, pyruvate, as both NAD+ provider and senolytic agent, warrants intensive research to compare NAD+ or senolytics for healthy aging, specifically on the equimolar basis, in effective blood levels. This review briefly discussed the recognition of healthy aging by comparing NAD+ and Senolytics with sodium pyruvate from the clinical point of view.
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18
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Ahmad W, Ebert PR. Suppression of a core metabolic enzyme dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ( dld) protects against amyloid beta toxicity in C. elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Genes Dis 2021; 8:849-866. [PMID: 34522713 PMCID: PMC8427249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A decrease in energy metabolism is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it is not known whether the observed decrease exacerbates or protects against the disease. The importance of energy metabolism in AD is reinforced by the observation that variants of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), is genetically linked to late-onset AD. To determine whether DLD is a suitable therapeutic target, we suppressed the dld-1 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans that express human Aβ peptide in either muscles or neurons. Suppression of the dld-1 gene resulted in significant restoration of vitality and function that had been degraded by Aβ pathology. This included protection of neurons and muscles cells. The observed decrease in proteotoxicity was associated with a decrease in the formation of toxic oligomers rather than a decrease in the abundance of the Aβ peptide. The mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), which like dld-1 gene expression inhibits ATP synthesis, had no significant effect on Aβ toxicity. Proteomics data analysis revealed that beneficial effects after dld-1 suppression could be due to change in energy metabolism and activation of the pathways associated with proteasomal degradation, improved cell signaling and longevity. Thus, some features unique to dld-1 gene suppression are responsible for the therapeutic benefit. By direct genetic intervention, we have shown that acute inhibition of dld-1 gene function may be therapeutically beneficial. This result supports the hypothesis that lowering energy metabolism protects against Aβ pathogenicity and that DLD warrants further investigation as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul R. Ebert
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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19
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Chen X, Hao B, Li D, Reiter RJ, Bai Y, Abay B, Chen G, Lin S, Zheng T, Ren Y, Xu X, Li M, Fan L. Melatonin inhibits lung cancer development by reversing the Warburg effect via stimulating the SIRT3/PDH axis. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12755. [PMID: 34214200 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the morbidity and mortality from lung cancer have continued to increase. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in apoptosis, proliferation, and the bioenergetic reprogramming of cancer cells, especially for energy metabolism. Herein, we investigated the ability of melatonin (MLT) to influence lung cancer growth and explored the association between mitochondrial functions and the progression of lung tumors. The deacetylase, sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), is a pivotal player in maintenance of mitochondrial function, among participating in ATP production by regulating the acetylone and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). We initially found that MLT inhibited lung cancer growth in the Lewis mouse model. Similarly, we observed that MLT inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A549, PC9, and LLC cells), and the underlying mechanism of MLT was related to reprogramming cancer cell metabolism, accompanied by a shift from cytosolic aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). These changes were accompanied by higher ATP production, an elevated ATP production-coupled oxygen consumption rate (QCR), higher ROS levels, higher mito-ROS levels, and lower lactic acid secretion. Additionally, we observed that MLT improved mitochondrial membrane potential and the activities of complexes Ⅰ and Ⅳ in the electron transport chain. Importantly, we also found and verified that the foregoing changes resulted from activation of Sirt3 and PDH. As a result of these changes, MLT significantly enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism to reverse the Warburg effect via increasing PDH activity with stimulation of Sirt3. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of melatonin as an anti-lung cancer therapy and provide a mechanistic basis for this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjie Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Baigenzhin Abay
- National Scientific Medical Research Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Guojie Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumeng Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiansheng Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbei Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Energy Metabolism and Health, Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Anwar S, Shamsi A, Mohammad T, Islam A, Hassan MI. Targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase signaling in the development of effective cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188568. [PMID: 34023419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate is irreversibly decarboxylated to acetyl coenzyme A by mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Decarboxylation of pyruvate is considered a crucial step in cell metabolism and energetics. The cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. This attribute of cancer cells allows them to sustain under indefinite proliferation and growth. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) play critical roles in many diseases because they regulate PDC activity. Recent findings suggest an altered metabolism of cancer cells is associated with impaired mitochondrial function due to PDC inhibition. PDKs inhibit the PDC activity via phosphorylation of the E1a subunit and subsequently cause a glycolytic shift. Thus, inhibition of PDK is an attractive strategy in anticancer therapy. This review highlights that PDC/PDK axis could be implicated in cancer's therapeutic management by developing potential small-molecule PDK inhibitors. In recent years, a dramatic increase in the targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for cancer treatment gained an attention from the scientific community. We further discuss breakthrough findings in the PDC-PDK axis. In addition, structural features, functional significance, mechanism of activation, involvement in various human pathologies, and expression of different forms of PDKs (PDK1-4) in different types of cancers are discussed in detail. We further emphasized the gene expression profiling of PDKs in cancer patients to prognosis and therapeutic manifestations. Additionally, inhibition of the PDK/PDC axis by small molecule inhibitors and natural compounds at different clinical evaluation stages has also been discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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21
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Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
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22
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Rheb mediates neuronal-activity-induced mitochondrial energetics through mTORC1-independent PDH activation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:811-825.e6. [PMID: 33725483 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity increases energy consumption and requires balanced production to maintain neuronal function. How activity is coupled to energy production remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that Rheb regulates mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux of acetyl-CoA by activating pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) to increase ATP production. Rheb is induced by synaptic activity and lactate and dynamically trafficked to the mitochondrial matrix through its interaction with Tom20. Mitochondria-localized Rheb protein is required for activity-induced PDH activation and ATP production. Cell-type-specific gain- and loss-of-function genetic models for Rheb reveal reciprocal changes in PDH phosphorylation/activity, acetyl-CoA, and ATP that are not evident with genetic or pharmacological manipulations of mTORC1. Mechanistically, Rheb physically associates with PDH phosphatase (PDP), enhancing its activity and association with the catalytic E1α-subunit of PDH to reduce PDH phosphorylation and increase its activity. Findings identify Rheb as a nodal point that balances neuronal activity and neuroenergetics via Rheb-PDH axis.
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23
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Mainali R, Zabalawi M, Long D, Buechler N, Quillen E, Key CC, Zhu X, Parks JS, Furdui C, Stacpoole PW, Martinez J, McCall CE, Quinn MA. Dichloroacetate reverses sepsis-induced hepatic metabolic dysfunction. eLife 2021; 10:64611. [PMID: 33616039 PMCID: PMC7901874 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming between resistance and tolerance occurs within the immune system in response to sepsis. While metabolic tissues such as the liver are subjected to damage during sepsis, how their metabolic and energy reprogramming ensures survival is unclear. Employing comprehensive metabolomic, lipidomic, and transcriptional profiling in a mouse model of sepsis, we show that hepatocyte lipid metabolism, mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) energetics, and redox balance are significantly reprogrammed after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We identify increases in TCA cycle metabolites citrate, cis-aconitate, and itaconate with reduced fumarate and triglyceride accumulation in septic hepatocytes. Transcriptomic analysis of liver tissue supports and extends the hepatocyte findings. Strikingly, the administration of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor dichloroacetate reverses dysregulated hepatocyte metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. In summary, our data indicate that sepsis promotes hepatic metabolic dysfunction and that targeting the mitochondrial PDC/PDK energy homeostat rebalances transcriptional and metabolic manifestations of sepsis within the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabina Mainali
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Nancy Buechler
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Ellen Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Cristina Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Bethesda, United States
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
| | - Matthew A Quinn
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, United States
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24
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Targeting metabolic pathways for extension of lifespan and healthspan across multiple species. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101188. [PMID: 33031925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism plays a significant role in the regulation of aging at different levels, and metabolic reprogramming represents a major driving force in aging. Metabolic reprogramming leads to impaired organismal fitness, an age-dependent increase in susceptibility to diseases, decreased ability to mount a stress response, and increased frailty. The complexity of age-dependent metabolic reprogramming comes from the multitude of levels on which metabolic changes can be connected to aging and regulation of lifespan. This is further complicated by the different metabolic requirements of various tissues, cross-organ communication via metabolite secretion, and direct effects of metabolites on epigenetic state and redox regulation; however, not all of these changes are causative to aging. Studies in yeast, flies, worms, and mice have played a crucial role in identifying mechanistic links between observed changes in various metabolic traits and their effects on lifespan. Here, we review how changes in the organismal and organ-specific metabolome are associated with aging and how targeting of any one of over a hundred different targets in specific metabolic pathways can extend lifespan. An important corollary is that restriction or supplementation of different metabolites can change activity of these metabolic pathways in ways that improve healthspan and extend lifespan in different organisms. Due to the high levels of conservation of metabolism in general, translating findings from model systems to human beings will allow for the development of effective strategies for human health- and lifespan extension.
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25
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Bedoyan JK, Hage R, Shin HK, Linard S, Ferren E, Ducich N, Wilson K, Lehman A, Schillaci L, Manickam K, Mori M, Bartholomew D, DeBrosse S, Cohen B, Parikh S, Kerr D. Utility of specific amino acid ratios in screening for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies and other mitochondrial disorders associated with congenital lactic acidosis and newborn screening prospects. JIMD Rep 2020; 56:70-81. [PMID: 33204598 PMCID: PMC7653239 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiencies (PDCDs) and other mitochondrial disorders (MtDs) can (a) result in congenital lactic acidosis with elevations of blood alanine (Ala) and proline (Pro), (b) lead to decreased ATP production, and (c) result in high morbidity and mortality. With ~140,000 live births annually in Ohio and ~1 in 9,000 overall prevalence of MtDs, we estimate 2 to 3 newborns will have PDCD and 13 to 14 others likely will have another MtD annually. We compared the sensitivities of plasma amino acids (AA) Alanine (Ala), Alanine:Leucine (Ala:Leu), Alanine:Lysine and the combination of Ala:Leu and Proline:Leucine (Pro:Leu), in subjects with known primary-specific PDCD due to PDHA1 and PDHB mutations vs controls. Furthermore, in collaboration with the Ohio newborn screening (NBS) laboratory, we determined Ala and Pro concentrations in dried blood spot (DBS) specimens using existing NBS analytic approaches and evaluated Ala:Leu and Pro:Leu ratios from DBS specimens of 123,414 Ohio newborns in a 12-month period. We used the combined Ala:Leu ≥4.0 and Pro:Leu ≥3.0 ratio criterion from both DBS and plasma specimens as a screening tool in our retrospective review of newborn data. The screening tool applied on DBS and/or plasma (or serum) AA specimens successfully identified three unrelated females with novel de novo PDHA1 mutations, one male with a novel de novo X-linked HSD17B10 mutation, and a female with VARS2 mutations. This work lays the first step for piloting an NBS protocol in Ohio for identifying newborns at high risk for primary-specific PDCD and other MtDs who might benefit from neonatal diagnosis and early institution of known therapy and/or potential novel therapies for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirair K. Bedoyan
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism (CIDEM)UHCMCClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Rosemary Hage
- Newborn Screening and Radiation ChemistryOhio Department of Health LaboratoryColumbusOhioUSA
| | | | - Sharon Linard
- Newborn Screening and Radiation ChemistryOhio Department of Health LaboratoryColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Edwin Ferren
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | | | - April Lehman
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lori‐Anne Schillaci
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Kandamurugu Manickam
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Mari Mori
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Dennis Bartholomew
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) and The Ohio State University College of MedicineSection of Genetic and Genomic MedicineColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Suzanne DeBrosse
- Departments of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University (CWRU)ClevelandOhioUSA
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC)ClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Bruce Cohen
- Department of PediatricsAkron Children's Hospital (ACH) Rebecca D. Considine Research InstituteAkronOhioUSA
- Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA
| | - Sumit Parikh
- The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF), Neurosciences InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Douglas Kerr
- PediatricsCWRUClevelandOhioUSA
- Center for Inherited Disorders of Energy Metabolism (CIDEM)UHCMCClevelandOhioUSA
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26
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Godoy-Parejo C, Deng C, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen G. Roles of vitamins in stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1771-1791. [PMID: 31676963 PMCID: PMC11104807 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells can differentiate to diverse cell types in our body, and they hold great promises in both basic research and clinical therapies. For specific stem cell types, distinctive nutritional and signaling components are required to maintain the proliferation capacity and differentiation potential in cell culture. Various vitamins play essential roles in stem cell culture to modulate cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Besides their common nutritional functions, specific vitamins are recently shown to modulate signal transduction and epigenetics. In this article, we will first review classical vitamin functions in both somatic and stem cell cultures. We will then focus on how stem cells could be modulated by vitamins beyond their nutritional roles. We believe that a better understanding of vitamin functions will significantly benefit stem cell research, and help realize their potentials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Bioimaging and Stem Cell Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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27
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Anwar S, Kar RK, Haque MA, Dahiya R, Gupta P, Islam A, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Effect of pH on the structure and function of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3: Combined spectroscopic and MD simulation studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:768-777. [PMID: 31982536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-3 (PDK3) plays important role in the glucose metabolism and is associated with cancer progression, and thus being considered as an attractive target for cancer therapy. In this study, we employed spectroscopic techniques to study the structural and conformational changes in the PDK3 at varying pH conditions ranging from pH 2.0 to 12.0. UV/Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic measurements revealed that PDK3 maintains its native-like structure (both secondary and tertiary) in the alkaline conditions (pH 7.0-12.0). However, a significant loss in the structure was observed under acidic conditions (pH 2.0-6.0). The propensity of aggregate formation at pH 4.0 was estimated by thioflavin T fluorescence measurements. To further complement structural data, kinase activity assay was performed, and maximum activity of PDK3 was observed at pH 7.0-8.0 range; whereas, its activity was lost under acidic pH. To further see conformational changes at atomistic level we have performed all-atom molecular dynamics at different pH conditions for 150 ns. A well defined correlation was observed between experimental and computational studies. This work highlights the significance of structural dependence of pH for wide implications in protein-protein interaction, biological function and drug design procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleha Anwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rajiv K Kar
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamic Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Md Anzarul Haque
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Rashmi Dahiya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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28
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Zhu X, Long D, Zabalawi M, Ingram B, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, McCall CE. Stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces itaconate levels and enhances TCA cycle anabolic bioenergetics in acutely inflamed monocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:467-484. [PMID: 31894617 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1119-236r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC)/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) axis directs the universal survival principles of immune resistance and tolerance in monocytes by controlling anabolic and catabolic energetics. Immune resistance shifts to immune tolerance during inflammatory shock syndromes when inactivation of PDC by increased PDK activity disrupts the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle support of anabolic pathways. The transition from immune resistance to tolerance also diverts the TCA cycle from citrate-derived cis-aconitate to itaconate, a recently discovered catabolic mediator that separates the TCA cycle at isocitrate and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Itaconate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase and its anabolic role in mitochondrial ATP generation. We previously reported that inhibiting PDK in septic mice with dichloroacetate (DCA) increased TCA cycle activity, reversed septic shock, restored innate and adaptive immune and organ function, and increased survival. Here, using unbiased metabolomics in a monocyte culture model of severe acute inflammation that simulates sepsis reprogramming, we show that DCA-induced activation of PDC restored anabolic energetics in inflammatory monocytes while increasing TCA cycle intermediates, decreasing itaconate, and increasing amino acid anaplerotic catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Our study provides new mechanistic insight that the DCA-stimulated PDC homeostat reconfigures the TCA cycle and promotes anabolic energetics in monocytes by reducing levels of the catabolic mediator itaconate. It further supports the theory that PDC is an energy sensing and signaling homeostat that restores metabolic and energy fitness during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Petrov AM, Astafev AA, Mast N, Saadane A, El-Darzi N, Pikuleva IA. The Interplay between Retinal Pathways of Cholesterol Output and Its Effects on Mouse Retina. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120867. [PMID: 31842366 PMCID: PMC6995521 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian retina, cholesterol excess is mainly metabolized to oxysterols by cytochromes P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) and 46A1 (CYP46A1) or removed on lipoprotein particles containing apolipoprotein E (APOE). In contrast, esterification by sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT) plays only a minor role in this process. Accordingly, retinal cholesterol levels are unchanged in Soat1-/- mice but are increased in Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/- and Apoe-/- mice. Herein, we characterized Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Soat1-/- and Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Apoe-/- mice. In the former, retinal cholesterol levels, anatomical gross structure, and vasculature were normal, yet the electroretinographic responses were impaired. Conversely, in Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Apoe-/- mice, retinal cholesterol levels were increased while anatomical structure and vasculature were unaffected with only male mice showing a decrease in electroretinographic responses. Sterol profiling, qRT-PCR, proteomics, and transmission electron microscopy mapped potential compensatory mechanisms in the Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Soat1-/- and Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Apoe-/- retina. These included decreased cholesterol biosynthesis along with enhanced formation of intra- and extracellular vesicles, possibly a reserve mechanism for lowering retinal cholesterol. In addition, there was altered abundance of proteins in Cyp27a1-/-Cyp46a1-/-Soat1-/- mice that can affect photoreceptor function, survival, and retinal energy homeostasis (glucose and fatty acid metabolism). Therefore, the levels of retinal cholesterol do not seem to predict retinal abnormalities, and it is rather the network of compensatory mechanisms that appears to determine retinal phenotype.
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30
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Secondary Metabolites of The Endophytic Fungus Alternaria alternata JS0515 Isolated from Vitex rotundifolia and Their Effects on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244450. [PMID: 31817301 PMCID: PMC6943735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strain Alternaria alternata JS0515 was isolated from Vitex rotundifolia (beach vitex). Twelve secondary metabolites, including one new altenusin derivative (1), were isolated. The isolated metabolites included seven known altenusin derivatives (2–8), two isochromanones (9, 10), one perylenequinone (11), and one benzocycloalkanone (12). Their structures were determined via 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and computational electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis. Compounds 3 and 11 increased pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity in AD-293 human embryonic kidney cells and significantly inhibited PDH phosphorylation. The IC50 values of 3 and 11 were 32.58 and 27.82 μM, respectively.
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31
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Ohba T, Domoto S, Tanaka M, Nakamura S, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Induced by Repeated Forced Swimming in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1140-1145. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ohba
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinichi Domoto
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Miyu Tanaka
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shinsuke Nakamura
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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32
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Zhu X, Meyers A, Long D, Ingram B, Liu T, Yoza BK, Vachharajani V, McCall CE. Frontline Science: Monocytes sequentially rewire metabolism and bioenergetics during an acute inflammatory response. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:215-228. [PMID: 30633362 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0918-373r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism directs the severe acute inflammatory reaction of monocytes to guard homeostasis. This occurs by sequentially activating anabolic immune effector mechanisms, switching to immune deactivation mechanisms and then restoring immunometabolic homeostasis. Nuclear sirtuin 1 and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase metabolically drive this dynamic and are druggable targets that promote immunometabolic resolution in septic mice and increase survival. We used unbiased metabolomics and a validated monocyte culture model of activation, deactivation, and partial resolution of acute inflammation to sequentially track metabolic rewiring. Increases in glycogenolysis, hexosamine, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathways were aligned with anabolic activation. Activation transitioned to combined lipid, protein, amino acid, and nucleotide catabolism during deactivation, and partially subsided during early resolution. Lipid metabolic rewiring signatures aligned with deactivation included elevated n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of fatty acid acylcarnitines. Increased methionine to homocysteine cycling increased levels of s-adenosylmethionine rate-limiting transmethylation mediator, and homocysteine and cysteine transsulfuration preceded increases in glutathione. Increased tryptophan catabolism led to elevated kynurenine and de novo biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide from quinolinic acid. Increased branched-chain amino acid catabolism paralleled increases in succinyl-CoA. A rise in the Krebs cycle cis-aconitate-derived itaconate and succinate with decreased fumarate and acetyl-CoA levels occurred concomitant with deactivation and subsided during early resolution. The data suggest that rewiring of metabolic and mitochondrial bioenergetics by monocytes sequentially activates, deactivates, and resolves acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allison Meyers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Ingram
- Metabolon, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tiefu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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33
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Sgrignani J, Chen J, Alimonti A, Cavalli A. How phosphorylation influences E1 subunit pyruvate dehydrogenase: A computational study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14683. [PMID: 30279533 PMCID: PMC6168537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate (PYR) dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is an enzymatic system that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism as it controls the entry of carbon into the Krebs cycle. From a structural point of view, PDC is formed by three different subunits (E1, E2 and E3) capable of catalyzing the three reaction steps necessary for the full conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Recent investigations pointed out the crucial role of this enzyme in the replication and survival of specific cancer cell lines, renewing the interest of the scientific community. Here, we report the results of our molecular dynamics studies on the mechanism by which posttranslational modifications, in particular the phosphorylation of three serine residues (Ser-264-α, Ser-271-α, and Ser-203-α), influence the enzymatic function of the protein. Our results support the hypothesis that the phosphorylation of Ser-264-α and Ser-271-α leads to (1) a perturbation of the catalytic site structure and dynamics and, especially in the case of Ser-264-α, to (2) a reduction in the affinity of E1 for the substrate. Additionally, an analysis of the channels connecting the external environment with the catalytic site indicates that the inhibitory effect should not be due to the occlusion of the access/egress pathways to/from the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - JingJing Chen
- Institute of Research in Oncology (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Research in Oncology (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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34
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McCall CE, Zabalawi M, Liu T, Martin A, Long DL, Buechler NL, Arts RJW, Netea M, Yoza BK, Stacpoole PW, Vachharajani V. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex stimulation promotes immunometabolic homeostasis and sepsis survival. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99292. [PMID: 30089711 PMCID: PMC6129136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited understanding of the mechanisms responsible for life-threatening organ and immune failure hampers scientists' ability to design sepsis treatments. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is persistently expressed in immune-tolerant monocytes of septic mice and humans and deactivates mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), the gate-keeping enzyme for glucose oxidation. Here, we show that targeting PDK with its prototypic inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) reactivates PDC; increases mitochondrial oxidative bioenergetics in isolated hepatocytes and splenocytes; promotes vascular, immune, and organ homeostasis; accelerates bacterial clearance; and increases survival. These results indicate that the PDC/PDK axis is a druggable mitochondrial target for promoting immunometabolic and organ homeostasis during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiefu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine and
| | - Ayana Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine and
| | - David L. Long
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine and
| | - Nancy L. Buechler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rob J. W. Arts
- Department in Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai Netea
- Department in Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara K. Yoza
- Department of Surgery/General Surgery and Trauma, Wake Forest Medical School, Winston- Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W. Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Internal Medicine/Molecular Medicine and
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Park S, Jeon JH, Min BK, Ha CM, Thoudam T, Park BY, Lee IK. Role of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Metabolic Remodeling: Differential Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Functions in Metabolism. Diabetes Metab J 2018; 42:270-281. [PMID: 30136450 PMCID: PMC6107359 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Dysfunction occurs in part because of altered regulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which acts as a central metabolic node that mediates pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuels the Krebs cycle to meet energy demands. Fine-tuning of PDC activity has been mainly attributed to post-translational modifications of its subunits, including the extensively studied phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), modulated by kinases (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase [PDK] 1-4) and phosphatases (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase [PDP] 1-2), respectively. In addition to phosphorylation, other covalent modifications, including acetylation and succinylation, and changes in metabolite levels via metabolic pathways linked to utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, have been identified. In this review, we will summarize the roles of PDC in diverse tissues and how regulation of its activity is affected in various metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungmi Park
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
| | - Jae Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byong Keol Min
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chae Myeong Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Themis Thoudam
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bo Yoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Leading-edge Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science & BK21 plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Programs, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
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Kulkarni AS, Brutsaert EF, Anghel V, Zhang K, Bloomgarden N, Pollak M, Mar JC, Hawkins M, Crandall JP, Barzilai N. Metformin regulates metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissues of older adults. Aging Cell 2018; 17. [PMID: 29383869 PMCID: PMC5847877 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of metformin increases healthspan and lifespan in model systems, and evidence from clinical trials and observational studies suggests that metformin delays a variety of age‐related morbidities. Although metformin has been shown to modulate multiple biological pathways at the cellular level, these pleiotropic effects of metformin on the biology of human aging have not been studied. We studied ~70‐year‐old participants (n = 14) in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial in which they were treated with 6 weeks each of metformin and placebo. Following each treatment period, skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained, and a mixed‐meal challenge test was performed. As expected, metformin therapy lowered 2‐hour glucose, insulin AUC, and insulin secretion compared to placebo. Using FDR<0.05, 647 genes were differentially expressed in muscle and 146 genes were differentially expressed in adipose tissue. Both metabolic and nonmetabolic pathways were significantly influenced, including pyruvate metabolism and DNA repair in muscle and PPAR and SREBP signaling, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and collagen trimerization in adipose. While each tissue had a signature reflecting its own function, we identified a cascade of predictive upstream transcriptional regulators, including mTORC1, MYC, TNF, TGFß1, and miRNA‐29b that may explain tissue‐specific transcriptomic changes in response to metformin treatment. This study provides the first evidence that, in older adults, metformin has metabolic and nonmetabolic effects linked to aging. These data can inform the development of biomarkers for the effects of metformin, and potentially other drugs, on key aging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Kulkarni
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Erika F Brutsaert
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Valentin Anghel
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Kehao Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Noah Bloomgarden
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Meredith Hawkins
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Jill P Crandall
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Division of Endocrinology; Department of Medicine; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Institute for Aging Research; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
- Diabetes Research Center; Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx NY USA
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37
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Nitric Oxide and Mitochondrial Function in Neurological Diseases. Neuroscience 2018; 376:48-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Design and synthesis of highly selective pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 inhibitors as bactericides. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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39
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He Y, Gao M, Cao Y, Tang H, Liu S, Tao Y. Nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes in immunity and metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:359-371. [PMID: 28757126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is essential to all living organisms that provide cells with energy, regulators, building blocks, enzyme cofactors and signaling molecules, and is in tune with nutritional conditions and the function of cells to make the appropriate developmental decisions or maintain homeostasis. As a fundamental biological process, metabolism state affects the production of multiple metabolites and the activation of various enzymes that participate in regulating gene expression, cell apoptosis, cancer progression and immunoreactions. Previous studies generally focus on the function played by the metabolic enzymes in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion. In this review, we conclude the role of them in the nucleus and their implications for cancer progression, immunity and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Menghui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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40
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Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic Targeting of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC/PDK) Axis in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2017; 109:3871192. [PMID: 29059435 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djx071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A, thereby linking glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and defining a critical step in cellular bioenergetics. Inhibition of PDC activity by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)-mediated phosphorylation has been associated with the pathobiology of many disorders of metabolic integration, including cancer. Consequently, the PDC/PDK axis has long been a therapeutic target. The most common underlying mechanism accounting for PDC inhibition in these conditions is post-transcriptional upregulation of one or more PDK isoforms, leading to phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of PDC. Such perturbations of the PDC/PDK axis induce a "glycolytic shift," whereby affected cells favor adenosine triphosphate production by glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cellular proliferation over cellular quiescence. Dichloroacetate is the prototypic xenobiotic inhibitor of PDK, thereby maintaining PDC in its unphosphorylated, catalytically active form. However, recent interest in the therapeutic targeting of the PDC/PDK axis for the treatment of cancer has yielded a new generation of small molecule PDK inhibitors. Ongoing investigations of the central role of PDC in cellular energy metabolism and its regulation by pharmacological effectors of PDKs promise to open multiple exciting vistas into the biochemical understanding and treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Stacpoole
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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41
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Arndt DA, Oostveen EK, Triplett J, Butterfield DA, Tsyusko OV, Collin B, Starnes DL, Cai J, Klein JB, Nass R, Unrine JM. The role of charge in the toxicity of polymer-coated cerium oxide nanomaterials to Caenorhabditis elegans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 201:1-10. [PMID: 28888877 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of surface functionalization and charge on ceria nanomaterial toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans. The examined endpoints included mortality, reproduction, protein expression, and protein oxidation profiles. Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to identical 2-5nm ceria nanomaterial cores which were coated with cationic (diethylaminoethyl dextran; DEAE), anionic (carboxymethyl dextran; CM), and non-ionic (dextran; DEX) polymers. Mortality and reproductive toxicity of DEAE-CeO2 was approximately two orders of magnitude higher than for CM-CeO2 or DEX-CeO2. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with orbitrap mass spectrometry identification revealed changes in the expression profiles of several mitochondrial-related proteins and proteins that are expressed in the C. elegans intestine. However, each type of CeO2 material exhibited a distinct protein expression profile. Increases in protein carbonyls and protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine were also observed for some proteins, indicating oxidative and nitrosative damage. Taken together the results indicate that the magnitude of toxicity and toxicity pathways vary greatly due to surface functionalization of CeO2 nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrah A Arndt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Emily K Oostveen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Judy Triplett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Blanche Collin
- CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Daniel L Starnes
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jian Cai
- Center for Proteomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jon B Klein
- Center for Proteomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Richard Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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42
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Abstract
The pancreatic β-cell secretes insulin in response to elevated plasma glucose. This review applies an external bioenergetic critique to the central processes of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, including glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, the cytosolic adenine nucleotide pool, and its interaction with plasma membrane ion channels. The control mechanisms responsible for the unique responsiveness of the cell to glucose availability are discussed from bioenergetic and metabolic control standpoints. The concept of coupling factor facilitation of secretion is critiqued, and an attempt is made to unravel the bioenergetic basis of the oscillatory mechanisms controlling secretion. The need to consider the physiological constraints operating in the intact cell is emphasized throughout. The aim is to provide a coherent pathway through an extensive, complex, and sometimes bewildering literature, particularly for those unfamiliar with the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California; and Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmo, Sweden
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43
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Lang A, Grether-Beck S, Singh M, Kuck F, Jakob S, Kefalas A, Altinoluk-Hambüchen S, Graffmann N, Schneider M, Lindecke A, Brenden H, Felsner I, Ezzahoini H, Marini A, Weinhold S, Vierkötter A, Tigges J, Schmidt S, Stühler K, Köhrer K, Uhrberg M, Haendeler J, Krutmann J, Piekorz RP. MicroRNA-15b regulates mitochondrial ROS production and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype through sirtuin 4/SIRT4. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:484-505. [PMID: 26959556 PMCID: PMC4833141 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins are involved in the control of metabolism and life-span regulation. Here, we link the mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT4 with cellular senescence, skin aging, and mitochondrial dysfunction. SIRT4 expression significantly increased in human dermal fibroblasts undergoing replicative or stress-induced senescence triggered by UVB or gamma-irradiation. In-vivo, SIRT4 mRNA levels were upregulated in photoaged vs. non-photoaged human skin. Interestingly, in all models of cellular senescence and in photoaged skin, upregulation of SIRT4 expression was associated with decreased levels of miR-15b. The latter was causally linked to increased SIRT4 expression because miR-15b targets a functional binding site in the SIRT4 gene and transfection of oligonucleotides mimicking miR-15b function prevented SIRT4 upregulation in senescent cells. Importantly, increased SIRT4 negatively impacted on mitochondrial functions and contributed to the development of a senescent phenotype. Accordingly, we observed that inhibition of miR-15b, in a SIRT4-dependent manner, increased generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and modulated mRNA levels of nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes and components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Thus, miR-15b is a negative regulator of stress-induced SIRT4 expression thereby counteracting senescence associated mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating the SASP and possibly organ aging, such as photoaging of human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lang
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Grether-Beck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Madhurendra Singh
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Kuck
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Jakob
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Kefalas
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone Altinoluk-Hambüchen
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nina Graffmann
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maren Schneider
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antje Lindecke
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heidi Brenden
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Felsner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hakima Ezzahoini
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alessandra Marini
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Weinhold
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Vierkötter
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Tigges
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, BMFZ, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biologisch-Medizinisches Forschungszentrum (BMFZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Uhrberg
- Institut für Transplantationsdiagnostik und Zelltherapeutika (ITZ), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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James MO, Jahn SC, Zhong G, Smeltz MG, Hu Z, Stacpoole PW. Therapeutic applications of dichloroacetate and the role of glutathione transferase zeta-1. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 170:166-180. [PMID: 27771434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) has several therapeutic applications based on its pharmacological property of inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. DCA has been used to treat inherited mitochondrial disorders that result in lactic acidosis, as well as pulmonary hypertension and several different solid tumors, the latter through its ability to reverse the Warburg effect in cancer cells and restore aerobic glycolysis. The main clinically limiting toxicity is reversible peripheral neuropathy. Although administration of high doses to rodents can result in liver cancer, there is no evidence that DCA is a human carcinogen. In all studied species, including humans, DCA has the interesting property of inhibiting its own metabolism upon repeat dosing, resulting in alteration of its pharmacokinetics. The first step in DCA metabolism is conversion to glyoxylate catalyzed by glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1), for which DCA is a mechanism-based inactivator. The rate of GSTZ1 inactivation by DCA is influenced by age, GSTZ1 haplotype and cellular concentrations of chloride. The effect of DCA on its own metabolism complicates the selection of an effective dose with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O James
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States.
| | - Stephan C Jahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Marci G Smeltz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0485, United States
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0226, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
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45
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Effects of Oxidative Stress on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2989076. [PMID: 27413419 PMCID: PMC4928004 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2989076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells present in most fetal and adult tissues. Ex vivo culture-expanded MSCs are being investigated for tissue repair and immune modulation, but their full clinical potential is far from realization. Here we review the role of oxidative stress in MSC biology, as their longevity and functions are affected by oxidative stress. In general, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit MSC proliferation, increase senescence, enhance adipogenic but reduce osteogenic differentiation, and inhibit MSC immunomodulation. Furthermore, aging, senescence, and oxidative stress reduce their ex vivo expansion, which is critical for their clinical applications. Modulation of sirtuin expression and activity may represent a method to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. These findings have important implications in the clinical utility of MSCs for degenerative and immunological based conditions. Further study of oxidative stress in MSCs is imperative in order to enhance MSC ex vivo expansion and in vivo engraftment, function, and longevity.
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46
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Conover CA, Bale LK, Nair KS. Comparative gene expression and phenotype analyses of skeletal muscle from aged wild-type and PAPP-A-deficient mice. Exp Gerontol 2016; 80:36-42. [PMID: 27086066 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mice deficient in pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) have extended lifespan associated with decreased incidence and severity of degenerative diseases of age, such as cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. In this study, the effect of PAPP-A deficiency on aging skeletal muscle was investigated. Whole-genome expression profiling was performed on soleus muscles from 18-month-old wild-type (WT) and PAPP-A knock-out (KO) mice of the same sex and from the same litter ('womb-mates') to identify potential mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging and its retardation in PAPP-A deficiency. Top genes regulated in PAPP-A KO compared to WT muscle were associated with increased muscle function, increased metabolism, in particular lipid metabolism, and decreased stress. Fiber cross-sectional area was significantly increased in solei from PAPP-A KO mice. In vitro contractility experiments indicated increased specific force and decreased fatigue in solei from PAPP-A KO mice. Intrinsic mitochondrial oxidative capacity was significantly increased in skeletal muscle of aged PAPP-A KO compared to WT mice. Moreover, 18-month-old PAPP-A KO mice exhibited significantly enhanced endurance running on a treadmill. Thus, PAPP-A deficiency in mice is associated with indices of healthy skeletal muscle function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
| | - Laurie K Bale
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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47
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Chen J, Zhang K, Xu Y, Gao Y, Li C, Wang R, Chen L. The role of microRNA-26a in human cancer progression and clinical application. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:7095-108. [PMID: 27039398 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a class of endogenous, small (18-25 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs, regulate gene expression by directly binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs. Evidence has shown that alteration of microRNAs is involved in cancer initial and progression. MicroRNA-26a is commonly dysregulated in diverse cancers and is involved in various biological processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metabolism by targeting multiple mRNAs. This review summarizes current research on the physiology and pathological functions of miR-26a and its applications for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhong Shan Road East, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Irwin MH, Moos WH, Faller DV, Steliou K, Pinkert CA. Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:109-23. [PMID: 26899010 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research In this review, we discuss epigenetic-driven methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, focusing on carnitinoid antioxidant-histone deacetylase inhibitors that show an ability to reinvigorate synaptic plasticity and protect against neuromotor decline in vivo. Aging remains a major risk factor in patients who progress to dementia, a clinical syndrome typified by decreased mental capacity, including impairments in memory, language skills, and executive function. Energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction are viewed as determinants in the aging process that may afford therapeutic targets for a host of disease conditions, the brain being primary in such thinking. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core feature in the pathophysiology of both Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and rare mitochondrial diseases. The potential of new therapies in this area extends to glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders, migraine, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, systemic exertion intolerance disease, and chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. An emerging and hopefully more promising approach to addressing these hard-to-treat diseases leverages their sensitivity to activation of master regulators of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes, antioxidant response elements, and mitophagy. Drug Dev Res 77 : 109-123, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Irwin
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,SRI Biosciences, A Division of SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,PhenoMatriX, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Klosinski LP, Yao J, Yin F, Fonteh AN, Harrington MG, Christensen TA, Trushina E, Brinton RD. White Matter Lipids as a Ketogenic Fuel Supply in Aging Female Brain: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1888-904. [PMID: 26844268 PMCID: PMC4703712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter degeneration is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's. Age remains the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's and the prevalence of age-related late onset Alzheimer's is greatest in females. We investigated mechanisms underlying white matter degeneration in an animal model consistent with the sex at greatest Alzheimer's risk. Results of these analyses demonstrated decline in mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production and cytosolic-phospholipase-A2 sphingomyelinase pathway activation during female brain aging. Electron microscopic and lipidomic analyses confirmed myelin degeneration. An increase in fatty acids and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism machinery was coincident with a rise in brain ketone bodies and decline in plasma ketone bodies. This mechanistic pathway and its chronologically phased activation, links mitochondrial dysfunction early in aging with later age development of white matter degeneration. The catabolism of myelin lipids to generate ketone bodies can be viewed as a systems level adaptive response to address brain fuel and energy demand. Elucidation of the initiating factors and the mechanistic pathway leading to white matter catabolism in the aging female brain provides potential therapeutic targets to prevent and treat demyelinating diseases such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis. Targeting stages of disease and associated mechanisms will be critical. Mitochondrial dysfunction activates mechanisms for catabolism of myelin lipids to generate ketone bodies for ATP production. Mechanisms leading to ketone body driven energy production in brain coincide with stages of reproductive aging in females. Sequential activation of myelin catabolism pathway during aging provides multiple therapeutic targets and windows of efficacy.
The mechanisms underlying white matter degeneration, a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, remain unclear. Herein we provide a mechanistic pathway, spanning multiple transitions of aging, that links mitochondrial dysfunction early in aging with later age white matter degeneration. Catabolism of myelin lipids to generate ketone bodies can be viewed as an adaptive survival response to address brain fuel and energy demand. Women are at greatest risk of late-onset-AD, thus, our analyses in female brain address mechanisms of AD pathology and therapeutic targets to prevent, delay and treat AD in the sex most affected with potential relevance to men.
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Key Words
- ABAD, Aβ-binding alcohol dehydrogenase
- ABAD, Aβ-binding-alcohol-dehydrogenase
- ACER3, alkaline ceramidase
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- APO-ε4, apolipoprotein ε4
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- Aging oxidative stress
- Alzheimer's disease
- BACE1, beta-secretase 1
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- CC, corpus callosum
- CMRglu, cerebral glucose metabolic rate
- COX, complex IV cytochrome c oxidase
- CPT1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
- Cldn11, claudin 11
- Cyp2j6, arachidonic acid epoxygenase
- Cytosolic phospholipase A2
- DHA, docosahexaesnoic acid
- Erbb3, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 3
- FDG-PET, 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HADHA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- HK, hexokinase
- Ketone bodies
- LC MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometer
- MAG, myelin associated glycoprotein
- MBP, myelin basic protein
- MCT1, monocarboxylate transporter 1
- MIB, mitochondrial isolation buffer
- MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
- MTL, medial temporal lobe
- Mitochondria
- NEFA, nonesterified fatty acids
- Neurodegeneration
- OCR, oxygen consumption rate
- Olig2, oligodendrocyte transcription factor
- PB, phosphate buffer
- PCC, posterior cingulate
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- RCR, respiratory control ratio
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S1P, sphingosine
- TLDA, TaqMan low density array
- WM, white matter
- WT, wild type
- White matter
- cPLA2, cytosolic phospholipase A2
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Klosinski
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eugenia Trushina
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Department of Neuroscience, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Park S, Choi SG, Yoo SM, Nah J, Jeong E, Kim H, Jung YK. Pyruvate stimulates mitophagy via PINK1 stabilization. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1824-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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