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Zeinalabedini M, Ladaninezhad M, Mobarakeh KA, Hoshiar-Rad A, Shekari S, Askarpour SA, Ardekanizadeh NH, Esmaeili M, Abdollahi M, Doaei S, Khoshdooz S, Ajami M, Gholamalizadeh M. Association of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD): a case-control study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2024; 43:19. [PMID: 38303014 PMCID: PMC10832209 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the association between different types of dietary fats with ischemic heart disease (IHD). METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 443 cases and 453 controls aged 40-80 years in Tehran, Iran. The semi-quantitative 237-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess the amount of food intake. Nutritionist IV was applied to test the amount of consumption of dietary fats. RESULTS The case group had a lower intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (11.36 ± 12.58 vs. 14.19 ± 19.57, P = 0.01) than the control group. A negative association was found between IHD and DHA (OR 0.98, CI 95% 0.97-0.99, P = 0.01). No significant association was observed between IHD with the intake of cholesterol, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), and α-Linolenic acid (ALA). CONCLUSION It was found that DHA may reduce the risk of IHD, whereas there was no significant association between other types of dietary fats with the odds of IHD. If the results of this study are confirmed in future research, a higher intake of DHA in diet can be recommended as a strategy to prevent IHD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Zeinalabedini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ladaninezhad
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anahita Hoshiar-Rad
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Askarpour
- Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mina Esmaeili
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdollahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, and National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Magisetty J, Gadiraju B, Kondreddy V. Genomic analysis in the colon tissues of omega-3 fatty acid-treated rats identifies novel gene signatures implicated in ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128867. [PMID: 38123036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several long-term intervention trials only studied the ex vivo immunological function to elucidate the beneficial mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the ulcerative colitis (UC). An unbiased whole-transcriptome analysis would be more valuable to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the processes and genes regulated by n-3 PUFA in vivo. In this study, we have performed microarray analysis in the colon tissues of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in rats supplemented with n-6 PUFA, n-3PUFA and long-chain n-3PUFA (LC-n3PUFA). We have identified the novel gene signatures previously not linked to colitis such as Etv3, Clec4d, CD180, CD72, Megf11, and Angptl4 which are most downregulated in both n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA groups compared to the n-6PUFA group. The most upregulated genes were Nr1i3, Nptx2, and Zfp810 in both n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA groups. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed similar results. Interestingly, LPS treatment in macrophages upregulated the Megf11, Etv3, CD180, and Angptl4, and correlated with increased secretion of cytokines. Gene silencing of Etv3, Megf11, and CD180 in rats using intravascular delivery of siRNA-lipoparticles attenuated the DSS-induced ulceration and mucosal damage. Thus, our genome-wide microarray analysis identified novel genes regulated by omega-3 PUFA and offers new drug targets that could prevent or reduce UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Magisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Bhavani Gadiraju
- Center for Lipid Science & Technology, The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vijay Kondreddy
- Center for Lipid Science & Technology, The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Lima do Vale MR, Buckner L, Mitrofan CG, Tramontt CR, Kargbo SK, Khalid A, Ashraf S, Mouti S, Dai X, Unwin D, Bohn J, Goldberg L, Golubic R, Ray S. A synthesis of pathways linking diet, metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease: a framework to guide further research and approaches to evidence-based practice. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:232-258. [PMID: 34839838 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease occurring globally. Although previous literature has provided useful insights into the important role that diet plays in CVD prevention and treatment, understanding the causal role of diets is a difficult task considering inherent and introduced weaknesses of observational (e.g. not properly addressing confounders and mediators) and experimental research designs (e.g. not appropriate or well designed). In this narrative review, we organised current evidence linking diet, as well as conventional and emerging physiological risk factors, with CVD risk, incidence and mortality in a series of diagrams. The diagrams presented can aid causal inference studies as they provide a visual representation of the types of studies underlying the associations between potential risk markers/factors for CVD. This may facilitate the selection of variables to be considered and the creation of analytical models. Evidence depicted in the diagrams was systematically collected from studies included in the British Nutrition Task Force report on diet and CVD and database searches, including Medline and Embase. Although several markers and disorders linked to conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD were identified, the causal link between many remains unknown. There is a need to address the multifactorial nature of CVD and the complex interplay between conventional and emerging risk factors with natural and built environments, while bringing the life course into the spotlight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Buckner
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ali Khalid
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sammyia Ashraf
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saad Mouti
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xiaowu Dai
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Bohn
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Swiss Re Institute, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Goldberg
- University of California Berkeley, Consortium for Data Analytics in Risk, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rajna Golubic
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, UK
- University of Ulster, School of Biomedical Sciences, Coleraine, UK
- University of Cambridge, School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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Guo L, Chang Y, Sun Z, Deng J, Jin Y, Shi M, Zhang J, Miao Z. Effects of Chinese Yam Polysaccharide on Intramuscular Fat and Fatty Acid Composition in Breast and Thigh Muscles of Broilers. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071479. [PMID: 37048300 PMCID: PMC10094610 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of Chinese yam polysaccharide (CYP) dietary supplementation on the composition of intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids (FA) in thigh and breast muscles of broilers. Three hundred and sixty healthy one-day-old broilers (the breed of Crossbred chicken is named 817) with gender-balanced and similar body weight (39 ± 1 g) were randomly allocated into four groups (control, CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 groups). Broilers in the control group were only fed a basal diet, and broilers in CYP1 group were fed the same diets further supplemented with 250 mg/kg CYP, the CYP2 group was fed the same diets further supplemented with 500 mg/kg CYP, and the CYP3 group was fed the same diets further supplemented with 1000 mg/kg CYP, respectively. Each group consisted of three replicates and each replicate consisted of 30 birds. The feeding days were 48 days. The results observed that the CYP2 group (500 mg/kg) can up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of β-catenin in thigh muscle compared to the control group. At the same time, all CYP groups (CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 groups) can up-regulate mRNA expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin in breast muscle, while mRNA expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα in breast and thigh muscles could be down-regulated (p < 0.05). In summary, 500 mg/kg of CYP dietary supplementation can reduce IMF content and improve the FAs composition, enhancing the nutritional value of chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yadi Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jiahua Deng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Mingyan Shi
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhiguo Miao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-373-3040718; Fax: +86-373-3040718
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Hayden MR. Overview and New Insights into the Metabolic Syndrome: Risk Factors and Emerging Variables in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes and Cerebrocardiovascular Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030561. [PMID: 36984562 PMCID: PMC10059871 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered a metabolic disorder that has been steadily increasing globally and seems to parallel the increasing prevalence of obesity. It consists of a cluster of risk factors which traditionally includes obesity and hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. These four core risk factors are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and, importantly, the MetS is known to increase the risk for developing cerebrocardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The MetS had its early origins in IR and syndrome X. It has undergone numerous name changes, with additional risk factors and variables being added over the years; however, it has remained as the MetS worldwide for the past three decades. This overview continues to add novel insights to the MetS and suggests that leptin resistance with hyperleptinemia, aberrant mitochondrial stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism with hyperhomocysteinemia, vascular stiffening, microalbuminuria, and visceral adipose tissues extracellular vesicle exosomes be added to the list of associated variables. Notably, the role of a dysfunctional and activated endothelium and deficient nitric oxide bioavailability along with a dysfunctional and attenuated endothelial glycocalyx, vascular inflammation, systemic metainflammation, and the important role of ROS and reactive species interactome are discussed. With new insights and knowledge regarding the MetS comes the possibility of new findings through further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Xie L, Hu J, Yan Z, Li X, Wei S, Xu R, Yang W, Gu H, Zhang Q. Tree peony transcription factor PrWRI1 enhances seed oil accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:127. [PMID: 36882682 PMCID: PMC9990299 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WRINKLED1 (WRI1) encodes a transcription factor, belonging to the APETALA2 (AP2) family, and plays a key role in regulating plant oil biosynthesis. As a newly woody oil crop, tree peony (Paeonia rockii) was notable for the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed oil. However, the role of WRI1 during the accumulation of P. rockii seeds oil remains largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, a new member of the WRI1 family was isolated from P. rockii and was named PrWRI1. The ORF of PrWRI1 consisted of 1269 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 422 amino acids, and was highly expressed in immature seeds. Subcellular localization analysis in onion inner epidermal cells showed that PrWRI1 was located at the nucleolus. Ectopic overexpression of PrWRI1 could significantly increase the total fatty acid content in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and even PUFAs in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Furthermore, the transcript levels of most genes related to fatty acids (FA) synthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly were also up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. CONCLUSIONS Together, PrWRI1 could push carbon flow to FA biosynthesis and further enhance the TAG amount in seeds with a high proportion of PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Xie
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenguo Yan
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Sailong Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Ruilin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Weizong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China
| | - Huihui Gu
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shannxi, China.
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7
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Potter TIT, Horgan GW, Wanders AJ, Zandstra EH, Zock PL, Fisk HL, Minihane AM, Calder PC, Mathers JC, de Roos B. Models predict change in plasma triglyceride concentrations and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid proportions in healthy participants after fish oil intervention. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989716. [PMID: 36386924 PMCID: PMC9641003 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substantial response heterogeneity is commonly seen in dietary intervention trials. In larger datasets, this variability can be exploited to identify predictors, for example genetic and/or phenotypic baseline characteristics, associated with response in an outcome of interest. Objective Using data from a placebo-controlled crossover study (the FINGEN study), supplementing with two doses of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), the primary goal of this analysis was to develop models to predict change in concentrations of plasma triglycerides (TG), and in the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) LC n-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), after fish oil (FO) supplementation. A secondary goal was to establish if clustering of data prior to FO supplementation would lead to identification of groups of participants who responded differentially. Methods To generate models for the outcomes of interest, variable selection methods (forward and backward stepwise selection, LASSO and the Boruta algorithm) were applied to identify suitable predictors. The final model was chosen based on the lowest validation set root mean squared error (RMSE) after applying each method across multiple imputed datasets. Unsupervised clustering of data prior to FO supplementation was implemented using k-medoids and hierarchical clustering, with cluster membership compared with changes in plasma TG and plasma PC EPA + DHA. Results Models for predicting response showed a greater TG-lowering after 1.8 g/day EPA + DHA with lower pre-intervention levels of plasma insulin, LDL cholesterol, C20:3n-6 and saturated fat consumption, but higher pre-intervention levels of plasma TG, and serum IL-10 and VCAM-1. Models also showed greater increases in plasma PC EPA + DHA with age and female sex. There were no statistically significant differences in PC EPA + DHA and TG responses between baseline clusters. Conclusion Our models established new predictors of response in TG (plasma insulin, LDL cholesterol, C20:3n-6, saturated fat consumption, TG, IL-10 and VCAM-1) and in PC EPA + DHA (age and sex) upon intervention with fish oil. We demonstrate how application of statistical methods can provide new insights for precision nutrition, by predicting participants who are most likely to respond beneficially to nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham W. Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elizabeth H. Zandstra
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter L. Zock
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Helena L. Fisk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. Minihane
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Baukje de Roos
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Baukje de Roos,
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Decandia D, Landolfo E, Sacchetti S, Gelfo F, Petrosini L, Cutuli D. n-3 PUFA Improve Emotion and Cognition during Menopause: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:1982. [PMID: 35565948 PMCID: PMC9100978 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Women show an increased risk of cognitive impairment and emotional disorders, such as anxiety and depression, when approaching menopause. Data on risk and protection factors have yielded robust evidence on the effects of lifestyle factors, such as diet, in preserving emotional and cognitive functioning. This review focused on the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on anxiety, depression, and cognition during the menopausal transition. This systematic review considered all articles published until 31 December 2021, and the search was performed on two databases, PubMed and Scopus. The fields of interest were "menopause", "n-3 PUFA" and "emotional and cognitive aspects". Out of the 361 articles found on PubMed and 283 on Scopus, 17 met inclusion criteria. They encompassed 11 human and 6 animal studies. Most studies reported relieved depressive symptoms in relation to n-3 PUFA intake. While controversial results were found on anxiety and cognition in humans, n-3 PUFA consistently reduced anxiety symptoms and improved cognition in animal studies. Taken together, n-3 PUFA intake shows beneficial effects on emotional and cognitive behaviours during menopause transition. However, further investigations could increase knowledge about the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA on psychological well-being in this delicate period of feminine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Decandia
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Landolfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Stefano Sacchetti
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Via Plinio 44, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy; (E.L.); (S.S.); (F.G.); (L.P.); (D.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Dey TK, Bose P, Paul S, Karmakar BC, Saha RN, Gope A, Koley H, Ghosh A, Dutta S, Dhar P, Mukhopadhyay AKKUMAR. Protective efficacy of fish oil nanoemulsion against non-typhoidal Salmonella mediated mucosal inflammation and loss of barrier function. Food Funct 2022; 13:10083-10095. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes are well-adapted to utilize the inflammation for colonization in mammalian gut mucosa and bring down the integrity of the epithelial barrier in mammalian intestine. The present study...
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Park Y. Dietary Reference Intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for Koreans. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:S47-S56. [PMID: 35651843 PMCID: PMC9127513 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.s1.s47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the process and evidence used to create the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for Koreans. ALA (18:3n3) is an essential fatty acid, and EPA and DHA are known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk and reduction of triglyceride levels. Various international organizations have suggested dietary recommendations for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including ALA, EPA, and DHA. A DRI for Koreans was established for the first time in 2020, specifically for the adequate intake (AI) of ALA and EPA + DHA. This recommendation was based on the average intake of ALA and EPA + DHA from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2017. For Korean infants, the AI of ALA and DHA was based on the fatty acid composition of maternal milk. Estimated average requirement and a tolerable upper intake level have not been set for n-3 PUFA due to insufficient evidence. In addition, the intake level of n-3 PUFA for prevention of chronic disease has also not been determined. Future studies and randomized controlled trials are required to establish the UL and to define the level for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsoon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Oliva ME, Ingaramo P, Vega Joubert MB, Ferreira MDR, D'Alessandro ME. Effects of Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed on blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome. Food Funct 2021; 12:12407-12420. [PMID: 34797360 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze blood coagulation, endothelial dysfunction and liver fibrosis in an experimental model of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) induced by chronic administration of a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and to evaluate the effects of chia seed as a therapeutic strategy. Male Wistar rats were fed with a reference diet (RD) - 6 months - or a SRD - 3 months. Then, the last group was randomly divided into two subgroups. One subgroup continued receiving the SRD for up to 6 months and the other was fed with a SRD where whole chia seed was incorporated as the source of dietary fat for the next 3 months (SRD + CHIA). Results showed that rats fed a SRD for a long period of time develop dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and a hypercoagulable and hypofibrinolytic basal state. Hepatic VCAM-1 (main adhesion molecules involved in endothelial dysfunction) expression was significantly increased. In addition, the SRD group presented hepatic steatosis, a significant increase in interstitial collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content. Liver TGF-β1 (a key cytokine involved in fibrogenesis) levels increased and a negative correlation with PPARα protein mass levels was found. The administration of chia seed for 3 months reversed dyslipidemia, visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Platelet count, coagulation parameters and plasma fibrinogen levels were normalized. In the liver tissue, VCAM-1 expression, steatosis, interstitial collagen deposition and the hydroxyproline content decreased. TGF-β1 expression was decreased and this was associated with an increase in the PPARα protein levels. The present study showed new aspects in the progression from liver steatosis to fibrosis in dyslipidemic insulin-resistant rats chronically fed a sucrose-rich diet. Chia seed supplementation could be used as a functional food and a potential dietary strategy to prevent or ameliorate disorders related to atherothrombotic cardiovascular events and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Oliva
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Paola Ingaramo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs. Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michelle Berenice Vega Joubert
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Del Rosario Ferreira
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, cc242 (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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12
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Li WL, Zhang NH, Ge SW, Xu G. Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Mortality in CKD Population: A 1999-2014 NHANES Analysis. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:909-918. [PMID: 34839290 DOI: 10.1159/000520027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High risk of early death, especially contributed to cardiovascular disease, exists in patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD). And the burden of cardiovascular disease is able to be lightened by an increase in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (omega-3 PUFA). A diet high in omega-3 PUFA in the general population is protective, although it is inconclusive about its beneficial role in the CKD population. METHODS From the 1999 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), we can collect 2,990 participants who suffered from CKD, who were classified into 4 groups: <0.86, 0.87-1.30, 1.31-1.92, and 1.93-9.65 g/day based on NHANES 24-h dietary recall questionnaire dietary omega-3 PUFA. Moreover, their mortality details were available to be obtained by linking NHANES to the National Death Index. The associations between dietary omega-3 PUFA and mortality were evaluated by constructing multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Over 8 years of a median follow-up, 864 deaths were recorded. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for all-cause mortality of the diseased people with CKD in the 2nd (0.87-1.30 g/day), 3rd (0.87-1.30 g/day), and 4th (1.93-9.65 g/day) quartiles of dietary omega-3 PUFA were 0.94 (0.72, 1.23), 0.74 (0.54, 1.02), and 0.67 (0.48, 0.93), respectively, versus those with the lowest quartile of dietary omega-3 PUFA intake (<0.86 g/day) (p for trend = 0.011). CONCLUSION There may be a inverse relation of dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD. Therefore, an increase of dietary omega-3 PUFA may be encouraged to be used clinically in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lan Li
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,
| | - Nan-Hui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Shu-Wang Ge
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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da Costa E, Melo T, Reis M, Domingues P, Calado R, Abreu MH, Domingues MR. Polar Lipids Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Atlantic Red Seaweed Grateloupia turuturu. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080414. [PMID: 34436254 PMCID: PMC8401436 DOI: 10.3390/md19080414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grateloupia turuturu Yamada, 1941, is a red seaweed widely used for food in Japan and Korea which was recorded on the Atlantic Coast of Europe about twenty years ago. This seaweed presents eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in its lipid fraction, a feature that sparked the interest on its potential applications. In seaweeds, PUFAs are mostly esterified to polar lipids, emerging as healthy phytochemicals. However, to date, these biomolecules are still unknown for G. turuturu. The present work aimed to identify the polar lipid profile of G. turuturu, using modern lipidomics approaches based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The health benefits of polar lipids were identified by health lipid indices and the assessment of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The polar lipids profile identified from G. turuturu included 205 lipid species distributed over glycolipids, phospholipids, betaine lipids and phosphosphingolipids, which featured a high number of lipid species with EPA and PUFAs. The nutritional value of G. turuturu has been shown by its protein content, fatty acyl composition and health lipid indices, thus confirming G. turuturu as an alternative source of protein and lipids. Some of the lipid species assigned were associated to biological activity, as polar lipid extracts showed antioxidant activity evidenced by free radical scavenging potential for the 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS●+) radical (IC50 ca. 130.4 μg mL-1) and for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) radical (IC25 ca. 129.1 μg mL-1) and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme (IC50 ca. 33 µg mL-1). Both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were detected using a low concentration of extracts. This integrative approach contributes to increase the knowledge of G. turuturu as a species capable of providing nutrients and bioactive molecules with potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete da Costa
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-370-696
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Reis
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- ALGAplus—Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ilhavo, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Helena Abreu
- ALGAplus—Production and Trading of Seaweed and Derived Products Lda., 3830-196 Ilhavo, Portugal;
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (T.M.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (M.R.D.)
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Santiago University Campus, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Intake of Fish and Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072342. [PMID: 34371852 PMCID: PMC8308510 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous epidemiological studies have investigated the association of fish and marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. However, the results were inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to quantitatively evaluate the association between marine n-3 PUFA, fish and CVD mortality risk with prospective cohort studies. A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and MEDLINE databases from the establishment of the database to May 2021. A total of 25 cohort studies were included with 2,027,512 participants and 103,734 CVD deaths. The results indicated that the fish consumption was inversely associated with the CVD mortality risk [relevant risk (RR) = 0.91; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.85−0.98]. The higher marine n-3 PUFA intake was associated with the reduced risk of CVD mortality (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.85–0.89). Dose-response analysis suggested that the risk of CVD mortality was decreased by 4% with an increase of 20 g of fish intake (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.99) or 80 milligrams of marine n-3 PUFA intake (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94–0.98) per day. The current work provides evidence that the intake of fish and marine n-3 PUFA are inversely associated with the risk of CVD mortality.
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15
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Takala R, Ramji DP, Andrews R, Zhou Y, Burston J, Choy E. Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of pinolenic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:992-1004. [PMID: 34080609 PMCID: PMC8889292 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In pre-clinical studies, pinolenic acid (PNLA), an omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid from pine nuts, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to investigate the effect of PNLA in human cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods A modified Boyden chamber was used to assess chemokine-induced migration of THP-1 monocytes. Macropinocytosis was assessed using Lucifer yellow and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake using DiI-labelled oxLDL in THP-1 macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). IL-6, TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients and HCs was measured by ELISA. The transcriptomic profile of PNLA-treated, LPS-activated PBMCs was investigated by RNA-sequencing. Results PNLA reduced THP-1 cell migration by 55% (P < 0.001). Macropinocytosis and DiI-oxLDL uptake were reduced by 50% (P < 0.001) and 40% (P < 0.01), respectively, in THP-1 macrophages and 40% (P < 0.01) and 25% (P < 0.05), respectively, in HMDMs. PNLA reduced IL-6 and TNF-α release from LPS-stimulated PBMCs from RA patients by 60% (P < 0.001) and from HCs by 50% and 35%, respectively (P < 0.01). PNLA also reduced PGE2 levels in such PBMCs from RA patients and HCs (P < 0.0001). Differentially expressed genes whose expression was upregulated included pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fructose bisphosphatase1 and N-Myc downstream-regulated gene-2, which have potential roles in regulating immune and metabolic pathways. Pathway analysis predicted upstream activation of the nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors involved in anti-inflammatory processes, and inhibition of nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Conclusions PNLA has immune-metabolic effects on monocytes and PBMCs that are pathogenic in RA and atherosclerosis. Dietary PNLA supplementation may be beneficial in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Takala
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Burston
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,CREATE Centre, Division of infection and immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,University Hospital of Wales, Rheumatology, Cardiff, UK
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16
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Tiwari A, Melchor-Martínez EM, Saxena A, Kapoor N, Singh KJ, Saldarriaga-Hernández S, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules (polypeptides, fucoxanthin, sterols, fatty acids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols) from diatoms - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:398-413. [PMID: 33422516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are ubiquitous, biologically widespread, and have global significance due to their unique silica cell wall composition and noteworthy applied aspects. Diatoms are being extensively exploited for environmental monitoring, reconstruction, and stratigraphic correlation. However, considering all the rich elements of diatoms biology, the current literature lacks sufficient information on the therapeutic attributes and applied aspects of biological macromolecules from diatoms, hampering added advances in all aspects of diatom biology. Diatoms offer numerous high-value compounds, such as fatty acids, polysaccharides, polypeptides, pigments, and polyphenols. Diatoms with a high content of PUFA's are targets of transformation into high-value products through microalgal technologies due to their wide application and growing market as nutraceuticals and food supplements. Diatoms are renewable biomaterial, which can be used to develop drug delivery systems due to biocompatibility, surface area, cost-effective ratio, and ease in surface modifications. Innovative approaches are needed to envisage cost-effective ways for the isolation of bioactive compounds, enhance productivity, and elucidate the detailed mechanism of action. This review spotlights the notable applications of diatoms and their biologically active constituents, such as fucoxanthin and omega 3 fatty acids, among others with unique structural and functional entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | | | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Hindu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Kawal Jeet Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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17
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Maruyama C, Shijo Y, Kameyama N, Umezawa A, Sato A, Nishitani A, Ayaori M, Ikewaki K, Waki M, Taramoto T. Effects of Nutrition Education Program for the Japan Diet on Serum LDL-Cholesterol Concentration in Patients with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1035-1051. [PMID: 33455975 PMCID: PMC8560849 DOI: 10.5551/jat.60376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The Japan Diet (JD) recommended by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society based on the traditional Japanese diet is presumably favorable for preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, but few high-quality controlled clinical trials have examined its benefits as compared with other diets. We studied effects of nutrition education for JD intake as compared with partial JD (PJD) intake on serum lipids and inflammatory parameters in subjects with dyslipidemia.
Methods:
A randomized parallel controlled clinical trial was conducted on outpatients with dyslipidemia. Participants were randomly divided into the JD or the PJD group. Face-to-face nutrition education based on each diet at baseline and at 3 months, as well as monthly counseling by mail during the intervening 3-month period, were provided and participants practiced up to 6 months. Both groups were advised to reduce consumptions of animal fat/ fatty meat/poultry, confections, and alcoholic drinks. Additionally, the JD group participants were recommended to consume more fish, soybean products especially natto, vegetables, and seaweed/mushrooms/konjak, and to switch from refined to unrefined cereals or barley.
Results:
Mean LDL-cholesterol was 125 +/- 29 mg/dL at baseline, and the JD group (
n
=49) showed a greater mean LDL-cholesterol decrease than the PJD group (
n
=49) [- 8 mg/dL in JD vs 1 mg/dL in PJD, difference, -9 mg/dL (95%CI, -17 to 0)
p
=0.043)], and triglyceride (
p
=0.023) and insulin (
p
=0.033) reductions were larger in the JD group than in the PJD group at 6 months.
Conclusion:
Nutrition education for JD intake was suggested to improve serum lipid and metabolic parameters in patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University.,Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Yuri Shijo
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Noriko Kameyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Ariko Umezawa
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Aisa Sato
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Ai Nishitani
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University
| | | | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- Tokorozawa Heart Center.,Division of Anti-aging, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | | | - Tamio Taramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University.,Teramoto Medical and Dental Clinic
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18
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Izar MCDO, Lottenberg AM, Giraldez VZR, Santos Filho RDD, Machado RM, Bertolami A, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Faludi AA, Moreira ASB, Geloneze B, Magnoni CD, Scherr C, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DEC, Nakandakare ER, Fonseca FAH, Mota ICP, Santos JED, Kato JT, Beda LMM, Vieira LP, Bertolami MC, Rogero MM, Lavrador MSF, Nakasato M, Damasceno NRT, Alves RJ, Lara RS, Costa RP, Machado VA. Position Statement on Fat Consumption and Cardiovascular Health - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:160-212. [PMID: 33566983 PMCID: PMC8159504 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Adriana Bertolami
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - André Arpad Faludi
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lis Mie Misuzawa Beda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Miyoko Nakasato
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Soares Lara
- Núcleo de Alimentação e Nutrição da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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19
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Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092769. [PMID: 32932796 PMCID: PMC7551292 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent disease worldwide. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) bear anti-inflammatory action and can ameliorate hyperlipidemia. We wish to appraise the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplement on NAFLD. (2) Methods: We searched CENTRAL, Embase, and MEDLINE on 29 March 2020 for randomized control trials (RCTs) on the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation in treating NAFLD. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included RCTs. (3) Results: We included 22 RCTs with 1366 participants. The risk of bias of included RCTs was generally low or unclear. n-3 PUFAs supplementation significantly reduced liver fat compared with placebo (pooled risk ratio 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 2.13). n-3 PUFAs supplementation also significantly improved the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and body-mass index, with pooled mean difference and 95% CI being -28.57 (-40.81 to -16.33), -7.82 (-14.86 to -0.79), 3.55 (1.38 to 5.73), and -0.46 (-0.84 to -0.08), respectively. (4) Conclusions: The current evidence supports the effects of n-3 PUFAs supplementation in improving fatty liver. n-3 PUFAs supplementation may also improve blood lipid levels and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yun Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Jyun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Chi Chi
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200 (ext. 3556)
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20
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Xu Y, Lu B, Zhou Y, Ren S, Pang G, Deng A. Is dietary fat associated with the risk of age-related macular degeneration? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19081. [PMID: 32332595 PMCID: PMC7220680 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies evaluating the association of dietary fat and risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) yield discrepant results. The objective of this systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis is to establish whether an association exists between dietary fat and AMD. This protocol was developed in line with the quality requirements of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. PubMed and EMBASE will be searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized trials (NRTs), cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies that evaluate the total incidence of AMD. The data extraction content and quantitative analysis will be carried out systematically. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and quality assessment tools will be used for quality assessment. This SR will synthesize evidence to determine if there is an association between dietary fat and AMD. The evidence would provide rationale for future research and serve as a basis for the development of future guidelines. Results are expected to be publicly available in mid 2020.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019137086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province
| | - Bo Lu
- Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province
| | - Yana Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province
| | - Shuxia Ren
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin
| | - Guoming Pang
- Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, Henan Province
| | - Aijun Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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21
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Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Impact of the Co-Administration of N-3 Fatty Acids and Olive Oil Components in Preclinical Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Models: A Mechanistic View. Nutrients 2020; 12:E499. [PMID: 32075238 PMCID: PMC7071322 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in approximately 25% of the population worldwide. It is characterized by the accumulation of triacylglycerol in the liver, which can progress to steatohepatitis with different degrees of fibrosis, stages that lack approved pharmacological therapies and represent an indication for liver transplantation with consistently increasing frequency. In view that hepatic steatosis is a reversible condition, effective strategies preventing disease progression were addressed using combinations of natural products in the preclinical high-fat diet (HFD) protocol (60% of fat for 12 weeks). Among them, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:5n-3, DHA), DHA and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), or EPA plus hydroxytyrosol (HT) attained 66% to 83% diminution in HFD-induced steatosis, with the concomitant inhibition of the proinflammatory state associated with steatosis. These supplementations trigger different molecular mechanisms that modify antioxidant, antisteatotic, and anti-inflammatory responses, and in the case of DHA and HT co-administration, prevent NAFLD. It is concluded that future studies in NAFLD patients using combined supplementations such as DHA plus HT are warranted to prevent liver steatosis, thus avoiding its progression into more unmanageable stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
- Nutritional Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M2J4A6, Canada
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
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Park I, Xun P, Tsinovoi CL, Klemmer P, Liu K, He K. Intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and non-fried fish in relation to incidence of chronic kidney disease in young adults: a 25-year follow-up. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:399-407. [PMID: 31175412 PMCID: PMC6898765 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly in many countries and has become a major public health concern. Although intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω3PUFA) and its food source-fish-may have renal protective effects, little is known about the longitudinal association between these dietary factors and CKD incidence. METHODS A total of 4133 healthy individuals of black and white race aged 18-30 at baseline (1985-1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were enrolled and followed up over 25 years. LCω3PUFA and fish intake were assessed by an interview-based dietary history questionnaire at baseline, year 7 (1992-1993) and 20 (2005-2006). RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-nine incident cases of CKD were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, LCω3PUFA intake was inversely associated with CKD incidence [HR = 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.89), P = 0.002, with one standard division (0.19 g/day) increment in LCω3PUFA]. This inverse association was persisted among females [0.64 (95% CI 0.48, 0.84; P = 0.002], but not males (Pinteraction = 0.070). A marginal significant inverse association was also found between non-fried fish consumption and CKD incidence (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.01; P = 0.073). CONCLUSIONS Dietary LCω3PUFA intake was inversely associated with incidence of CKD among American young adults over 25 years of follow-up. The suggestive evidence of the inverse association between non-fried fish consumption with CKD incidence needs further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwhee Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Cari Lewis Tsinovoi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Philip Klemmer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ka He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Nutritional Lipidomics in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1195:95-104. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32633-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Wang X, Li P, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Matthäus B. Detection of Edible Plant Oil Adulteration by Triacylglycerol Profiles Using an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Source and MS
3
Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiupin Wang
- Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Mycotoxin)Wuhan430062China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan)Ministry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Key laboratory of Detection for MycotoxinsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Mycotoxin)Wuhan430062China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan)Ministry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityHunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyChangshaHunan 410128China
| | - Youqian Liu
- Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan)Ministry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- College of Food Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityHunan Province Key Laboratory of Food Science and BiotechnologyChangshaHunan 410128China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Key laboratory of Detection for MycotoxinsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Mycotoxin)Wuhan430062China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan)Ministry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Key laboratory of Detection for MycotoxinsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Mycotoxin)Wuhan430062China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan)Ministry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Max Rubner‐InstitutFederal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food12, Schützenberg32756DetmoldGermany
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Lapuente M, Estruch R, Shahbaz M, Casas R. Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2381. [PMID: 31590420 PMCID: PMC6835769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim of this review is to examine the possible protective effect that fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds may have on the development of NCDs such as atherosclerosis. The accumulated evidence on the protective effects of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in some cases, or the lack of evidence in others, are summarized in the present review. The main conclusion of this review is that well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies are needed to truly understand the role fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds have in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Mana Shahbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Heshmati J, Morvaridzadeh M, Maroufizadeh S, Akbari A, Yavari M, Amirinejad A, Maleki-Hajiagha A, Sepidarkish M. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and oxidative stress parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104462. [PMID: 31563611 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) supplementation effects on oxidants and antioxidants are always controversial. Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the finding of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) examining the effects of omega-3 FAs on OS markers. Five databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of science, and Cochrane were searched up to May 5th, 2019 with no language restriction. RCTs included if they compared OS indices among subjects who received omega-3 FAs supplements and subjects who supplemented with placebo. To estimate the effects of omega-3 FAs supplementation, standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were pooled using random effects model. Of 5,887 publications, 39 trials involving 2,875 participants were included for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis of data indicated that omega-3 FAs significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (SMD: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.72, P< 0.001; I2= 60%), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (SMD: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.16, P= 0.001; I2= 83%) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD= -0.42, 95% CI: -0.62, -0.21; P < 0.001; I2= 74%) compared to the placebo group. However, the effects of omega-3 FAs on nitric oxide (NO) (SMD: -0.17 , 95% CI: -0.77, 0.43, P = 0.57; I2= 91%), reduced glutathione (GSH) (SMD= 0.23, 95% CI= -0.17, 0.64, P= 0.25; I2= 75%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.12 , 95% CI: -0.40, 0.65, P= 0.64; I2= 89%) and catalase (CAT) (0.16, 95% CI: -0.33, 0.65, P= 0.52; I2= 75%,) activities was not significant. Supplementation with omega-3 FAs significantly improves MDA, TAC levels, and GPx activity. Thus, omega-3 FAs can be mentioned as enhancer factors in antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Heshmati
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Maroufizadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yavari
- Department of Nutritional Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Maleki-Hajiagha
- Research Development Center, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sepidarkish
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Mielczarek-Puta M, Struga M, Roszkowski P. Synthesis and anticancer effects of conjugates of doxorubicin and unsaturated fatty acids (LNA and DHA). Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a leading cytostatic drug with many adverse effects in use. We are still looking for methods that will allow us to preserve the therapeutic effect against the tumor cells and reduce the toxicity to the normal cells. In our work, we obtained amide derivatives of DOX by reaction of the amino group with α-linolenic (LNA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (2, 3), as well as double-substituted derivatives via amide and ester linkages (4, 5). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) analyses. For all compounds 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect on human cancer cell lines (SW480, SW620, and PC3) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) that were used as a control. The cytotoxic activity was established by calculation of the inhibitory concentration IC50. In addition, a cytotoxic capacity against tumor cells for tested compounds was expressed as a selectivity factor (selectivity index, SI). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay was performed for all compounds to assess the level of cell damage. To explain the basic mechanism of cell death induction the Annexin V-FITC/IP flow cytometry analysis was investigated. We found that all studied conjugates exhibit lower cytotoxicity but higher selectivity than DOX. Among the all derivatives, the conjugates formed by the amide and ester linkages (4, 5) were found to be more promising compared with conjugates (2, 3) formed only by the amide linkage. They show high cytotoxicity toward the tumor cell lines and moderate cytotoxicity towards the normal cell line.
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28
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Augimeri G, Plastina P, Gionfriddo G, Rovito D, Giordano C, Fazio A, Barone I, Catalano S, Andò S, Bonofiglio D, Meijerink J, Witkamp R. N-Eicosapentaenoyl Dopamine, A Conjugate of Dopamine and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), Exerts Anti-inflammatory Properties in Mouse and Human Macrophages. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092247. [PMID: 31540502 PMCID: PMC6769480 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), contribute to a reduced inflammatory tone thereby lowering the risk for several chronic and degenerative diseases. Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain these anti-inflammatory effects, including those involving endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like molecules. In this context, fatty acid amides (FAAs), conjugates of fatty acids with amines or amino acids, are an emerging class of compounds. Dopamine conjugates of DHA (N-docosahexaenoyl dopamine, DHDA) and EPA (N-eicosapentaenoyl dopamine, EPDA) have previously been shown to induce autophagy, apoptosis, and cell death in different tumor lines. Additionally, DHDA has displayed anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. Here, we tested the immune-modulatory properties of EPDA in mouse RAW 264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). EPDA suppressed the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both cell lines, and nitric oxide (NO), and macrophage-inflammatory protein-3α (MIP3A) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. At a transcriptional level, EPDA attenuated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in both cell lines and that of MCP-1, IL-6, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in THP-1 macrophages. Although further research is needed to reveal whether EPDA is an endogenous metabolite, our data suggest that this EPA-derived conjugate possesses interesting immune-modulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Augimeri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Giulia Gionfriddo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Rovito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; (G.A.); (G.G.); (D.R.); (C.G.); (A.F.); (I.B.); (S.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.W.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); +31-0317-485136 (R.W.)
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (R.W.); Tel.: +39-0984-496208 (D.B.); +31-0317-485136 (R.W.)
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Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Finkelstein A, Pan A, Cho BS, Mitchell PD, Gura KM, Bistrian BR, Puder M. Metabolic and Inflammatory Effects of an ω-3 Fatty Acid-Based Eucaloric Ketogenic Diet in Mice With Endotoxemia. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:986-997. [PMID: 31435972 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary strategies can aid in the management of critically ill patients. Very-low-carbohydrate diets have been shown to improve glucose control and the inflammatory response. We aimed to determine the effects of a eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD) enriched with ω-3 fatty acids (O3KD) on glucose levels and inflammation in mice with endotoxemia. METHODS Adult mice were fed 1 of 3 diets (control diet [CD], EKD, or O3KD). After 4 weeks, each group received saline or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally during the postprandial (PPP) or postabsorptive (PAP) periods. Blood glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL) 6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Distribution of serum fatty acids was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Hepatic expression of genes involved in inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS During the PPP, glucose curves were comparable among the experimental groups. During the PAP, EKD showed a more pronounced increase in glucose levels at the first hour after LPS challenge compared with the CD-LPS group. During the PAP, IL6 was lower in O3KD-LPS compared with CD-LPS and EKD-LPS groups. These differences disappeared in the PPP. Similarly, TNF-α was lower in the O3KD-LPS group compared with the EKD-LPS group. The O3KD significantly increased the serum levels of the ω-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and decreased the ω-6 arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION An O3KD leads to reduced inflammation and maintains glucose homeostasis in mice with endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Finkelstein
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Pan
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bennet S Cho
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul D Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce R Bistrian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Production of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched broiler chicken meat by the application of nanoencapsultsed flaxseed oil prepared via ultrasonication. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Videla LA. Combined docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone supplementation as a protocol supporting energy supply to precondition and afford protection against metabolic stress situations. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1211-1220. [PMID: 31091354 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver preconditioning (PC) refers to the development of an enhanced tolerance to injuring stimuli. For example, the protection from ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in the liver that is obtained by previous maneuvers triggering beneficial molecular and functional changes. Recently, we have assessed the PC effects of thyroid hormone (T3; single dose of 0.1 mg/kg) and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs; daily doses of 450 mg/kg for 7 days) that abrogate IR injury to the liver. This feature is also achieved by a combined T3 and the n-3 LCPUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using a reduced period of supplementation of the FA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) and half of the T3 dosage (0.05 mg/kg). T3 -dependent protective mechanisms include (i) the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), AP-1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) upregulating the expression of protective proteins. (ii) ROS-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress affording proper protein folding. (iii) The autophagy response to produce FAs for oxidation and ATP supply and amino acids for protein synthesis. (iv) Downregulation of inflammasome nucleotide-bonding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat containing family pyrin containing 3 and interleukin-1β expression to prevent inflammation. N-3 LCPUFAs induce antioxidant responses due to Nrf2 upregulation, with inflammation resolution being related to production of oxidation products and NF-κB downregulation. Energy supply to achieve liver PC is met by the combined DHA plus T3 protocol through upregulation of AMPK coupled to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α signaling. In conclusion, DHA plus T3 coadministration favors hepatic bioenergetics and lipid homeostasis that is of crucial importance in acute and clinical conditions such as IR, which may be extended to long-term or chronic situations including steatosis in obesity and diabetes. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1211-1220, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Do dietary fats lower blood pressure? This review covers total fats, individual fatty acids and foods that provide specific fats. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence for blood pressure lowering is stronger for supplements providing individual marine fatty acids than for fish intake since data on fish consumption are scarce. Such effects are more readily apparent in hypertensive than normal subjects. Biological mechanisms to support linkage between dietary fish oils and blood pressure are plausible. Information on other dietary fatty acids (saturates, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid) is mostly less robust and therefore inconclusive. However, findings with respect to consumption of dairy foods especially of the low-fat variety do suggest association with lower blood pressures. Apart from marine fatty acids which have mostly been significantly associated with clinically modest blood pressure-lowering, the effects of other dietary fatty acids are inconsistent or clinically minor. Consumption of dairy especially of yoghurt has been linked with lower blood pressure despite the relatively high saturated fat content but the mechanism is unclear.
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Burak C, Wolffram S, Zur B, Langguth P, Fimmers R, Alteheld B, Stehle P, Egert S. Effect of alpha-linolenic acid in combination with the flavonol quercetin on markers of cardiovascular disease risk in healthy, non-obese adults: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled crossover trial. Nutrition 2019; 58:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Videla LA, Vargas R, Valenzuela R, Muñoz P, Corbari A, Hernandez-Rodas MC. Combined administration of docosahexaenoic acid and thyroid hormone synergistically enhances rat liver levels of resolvins RvD1 and RvD2. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:42-46. [PMID: 30553402 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids or thyroid hormone (T3) exhibit negative effects on inflammatory reactions in experimental animals. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothesis that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plus T3 co-administration enhances liver resolvin (Rv) levels as inflammation resolution mediators. Combined DHA (daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days)-T3 (0.05 mg/kg at the fourth day) administration significantly increased the content of hepatic RvD1 and RvD2, without changes in that of RvE1 and RvE2, an effect that exhibits synergy when compared to the separate DHA and T3 treatments. Under these conditions, liver DHA levels increased by DHA administration were diminished when combined with T3 (p < 0.05), suggesting enhancement in resolvin D biosynthesis in extrahepatic tissues. It is concluded that co-administration of DHA and T3 rises the capacity of the liver for inflammation resolution by augmenting RvD1(2) availability, which represents an important protocol in hepatoprotection in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Muñoz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alicia Corbari
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Echeverría F, Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Bustamante A, Álvarez D, Gonzalez-Mañan D, Ortiz M, Soto-Alarcon SA, Videla LA. Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:35-43. [PMID: 30321750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice show obesity with development of liver steatosis and a proinflammatory state without establishing an inflammatory reaction. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothesis that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation prevents the inflammatory reaction through enhancement in the hepatic resolvin content in HFD-fed mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an HFD or a control diet and supplemented with EPA (50 mg/kg/day) and HT (5 mg/kg/day) or their respective vehicles for 12 weeks. Measurements include liver levels of EPA, DHA and palmitate (gas chromatography), liver resolvins and triglyceride (TG) and serum aspartate transaminase (AST) (specific kits) and hepatic and serum inflammatory markers (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Compared to CD, HFD induced body weight gain, liver steatosis and TG accumulation, with up-regulation of proinflammatory markers in the absence of histological inflammation or serum AST changes; these results were accompanied by higher hepatic levels of resolvins RvE1, RvE2, RvD1 and RvD2, with decreases in EPA and DHA contents. EPA+HT supplementation in HFD feeding synergistically reduced the steatosis score over individual treatments and increased the hepatic levels of EPA, DHA and resolvins, with attenuation of proinflammatory markers. Lack of progression of HFD-induced proinflammatory state into overt inflammation is associated with resolvin up-regulation, which is further increased by EPA+HT supplementation eliciting steatosis attenuation. These findings point to the importance of combined protocols in hepatoprotection due to the involvement of cross-talk mechanisms, which increase effectiveness and diminish dosages, avoiding undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Echeverría
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - A Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Bustamante
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Álvarez
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Gonzalez-Mañan
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Chile
| | - M Ortiz
- Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Curicó, Chile
| | - S A Soto-Alarcon
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - L A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Attenuation of High-Fat Diet-Induced Rat Liver Oxidative Stress and Steatosis by Combined Hydroxytyrosol- (HT-) Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation Mainly Relies on HT. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5109503. [PMID: 30057681 PMCID: PMC6051008 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not approved at the present time. For this purpose, the effect of combined eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 50 mg/kg/day) modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and hydroxytyrosol (HT; 5 mg/kg/day) exerting antioxidant actions was evaluated on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrates) compared to a control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, and 70% carbohydrates) in mice fed for 12 weeks. HFD-induced liver steatosis (i) was reduced by 32% by EPA, without changes in oxidative stress-related parameters and mild recovery of Nrf2 functioning affording antioxidation and (ii) was decreased by 42% by HT, concomitantly with total regain of the glutathione status diminished by HFD, 42% to 59% recovery of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation enhanced by HFD, and regain of Nrf2 functioning, whereas (iii) combined EPA + HT supplementation elicited 74% reduction in liver steatosis, with total recovery of the antioxidant potential in a similar manner than HT. It is concluded that combined HT + EPA drastically decreases NAFLD development, an effect that shows additivity in HT and EPA effects that mainly relies on HT, strengthening the impact of oxidative stress as a central mechanism underlying liver steatosis in obesity.
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Effects of a hypoenergetic diet rich in α-linolenic acid on fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in overweight and obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 2018; 49:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shijo Y, Maruyama C, Nakamura E, Nakano R, Shima M, Mae A, Okabe Y, Park S, Kameyama N, Hirai S. Japan Diet Intake Changes Serum Phospholipid Fatty Acid Compositions in Middle-Aged Men: A Pilot Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 26:3-13. [PMID: 29643271 PMCID: PMC6308266 DOI: 10.5551/jat.43448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The Japan Diet nutritional education program effects on serum fatty acid compositions for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men brought up in the westernized dietary environment of modern Japan were examined. Methods: Thirty-three men, 30–49 years of age, attended a nutrition education class and were recommended to consume Japan Diet volumes (more fish, soybeans and soy products, vegetables, seaweed, konjak, mushrooms, and unrefined cereals and less animal fat, meat and poultry with fat, sweets, desserts and snacks, and alcoholic drinks) for 6 weeks. Three-day weighted dietary records were kept, and fatty acid intakes were calculated. Serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions were examined. Results: During the 6 weeks, fish, soy, and seaweed and/or mushrooms and/or konjak were consumed 1.0, 1.1, and 1.0 times daily on average, whereas daily fatty meat and poultry and sweet consumptions were 0.3 and 0.3, respectively. These changes were attributed to increased intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as C20:5(n-3), C22:6(n-3), C18:4(n-3), and C20:4(n-3) and decreased intakes of all saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids such as C18:1 and C18:2(n-6). As to the phospholipid fatty acid composition, C18:0 decreased, whereas C15:0, C17:0, and C20:0 increased. Marked increases in C20:5(n-3) and C22:6(n-3) raised total n-3 PUFA from 10.30% to 13.20% along with n-6 PUFA decreasing from 33.92% to 31.16%. Despite decreases in C20:4(n-6) and C20:3(n-6), the C20:4(n-6)/C20:3(n-6) ratio used as an estimate of delta-5 desaturase activities increased and correlated positively with fish intake at completion of the intervention. Conclusions: The Japan Diet is effective for changing the fatty acids to an anti-atherosclerotic profile. The clinical trial registration number: UMIN000020639.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shijo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Rena Nakano
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Mitsuha Shima
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Asumi Mae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Yuuna Okabe
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Sunmi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Noriko Kameyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Satomi Hirai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
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High-Resolution Lipidomics of the Early Life Stages of the Red Seaweed Porphyra dioica. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010187. [PMID: 29342096 PMCID: PMC6017436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyra dioica is a commercial seaweed consumed all over the world, mostly in the shape of nori sheets used for “sushi” preparation. It is a well-known part of the Asian diet with health benefits, which have been associated, among others, to the high levels of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in this red alga. However, other highly valued lipids of Porphyra are polar lipids that remain largely undescribed and can have both nutritional value and bioactivity, thus could contribute to the valorization of this seaweed. In this context, the present work aims to identify the lipidome of two life cycle stages of the Atlantic species Porphyra dioica: the early life stage conchocelis produced in an indoor-nursery, and young blades produced outdoors using an integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) framework. Both the blades (gametophyte) and conchocelis (sporophyte) are commercialized in the food and cosmetics sectors. Liquid chromatography coupled to Q–Exactive high resolution-mass spectrometry (MS) platform was used to gain insight into the lipidome of these species. Our results allowed the identification of 110 and 100 lipid molecular species in the lipidome of the blade and conchocelis, respectively. These lipid molecular species were distributed as follows (blade/conchocelis): 14/15 glycolipids (GLs), 93/79 phospholipids (PLs), and 3/6 betaine lipids. Both life stages displayed a similar profile of GLs and comprised 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3) fatty acids that contribute to n-3 and n-6 fatty acid pool recorded and rank among the molecular species with higher potential bioactivity. PLs’ profile was different between the two life stages surveyed, mainly due to the number and relative abundance of molecular species. This finding suggests that differences between both life stages were more likely related with shifts in the lipids of extraplastidial membranes rather than in plastidial membranes. PLs contained n-6 and n-3 precursors and in both life stages of Porphyra dioica the n-6/n-3 ratio recorded was less than 2, highlighting the potential benefits of using these life stages in human diet to prevent chronic diseases. Atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes of blades (0.85 and 0.49, respectively) and conchocelis (0.34 and 0.30, respectively) are much lower than those reported for other Rhodophyta, which highlights their potential application as food or as functional ingredients. Overall, MS-based platforms represent a powerful tool to characterize lipid metabolism and target lipids along different life stages of algal species displaying complex life cycles (such as Porphyra dioica), contributing to their biotechnological application.
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Dossi CG, González-Mañán D, Romero N, Silva D, Videla LA, Tapia GS. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Rosa Mosqueta oil supplementation in rat liver ischemia-reperfusion. Food Funct 2018; 9:4847-4857. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is a deleterious condition associated with liver transplantation or resection that involves pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila G. Dossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Daniel González-Mañán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Nalda Romero
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology
- University of Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - David Silva
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Luis A. Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
| | - Gladys S. Tapia
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Chile
- Santiago
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41
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Layé S, Nadjar A, Joffre C, Bazinet RP. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 70:12-38. [PMID: 29217656 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.014092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, largely important for the formation of cellular membranes. Over the past 10 years, a host of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic acid, the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, known to regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected in the brain and shown to regulate microglia activation. Recent advances have focused on how PUFA regulate the molecular signaling of microglia, especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior. Several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain. Because brain lipid metabolism relies on a complex integration of diet, peripheral metabolism, including the liver and blood, which supply the brain with PUFAs that can be altered by genetics, sex, and aging, there are many pathways that can be disrupted, leading to altered brain lipid homeostasis. Brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss in particular how n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites regulate microglia phenotype and function to exert their anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Layé
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Agnès Nadjar
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique and Bordeaux University, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France (S.L., A.N., C.J.); and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.P.B.)
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Oscarsson J, Hurt-Camejo E. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and their mechanisms of action on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in humans: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:149. [PMID: 28797250 PMCID: PMC5553798 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest that elevated triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein levels in the circulation increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prescription formulations of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduce plasma TG levels and are approved for the treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Many preclinical studies have investigated the TG-lowering mechanisms of action of OM3FAs, but less is known from clinical studies. Methods We conducted a review, using systematic methodology, of studies in humans assessing the mechanisms of action of EPA and DHA on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including TG-rich lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). A systematic search of PubMed retrieved 55 articles, of which 30 were used in the review; 35 additional arrticles were also included. Results In humans, dietary DHA is retroconverted to EPA, while production of DHA from EPA is not observed. Dietary DHA is preferentially esterified into TGs, while EPA is more evenly esterified into TGs, cholesterol esters and phospholipids. The preferential esterification of DHA into TGs likely explains the higher turnover of DHA than EPA in plasma. The main effects of both EPA and DHA are decreased fasting and postprandial serum TG levels, through reduction of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG production. The exact mechanism for reduced VLDL production is not clear but does not include retention of lipids in the liver; rather, increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation is likely. The postprandial reduction in TG levels is caused by increased lipoprotein lipase activity and reduced serum VLDL-TG concentrations, resulting in enhanced chylomicron clearance. Overall, no clear differences between the effects of EPA and DHA on TG levels, or on turnover of TG-rich lipoproteins, have been observed. Effects on LDL are complex and may be influenced by genetics, such as APOE genotype. Conclusions EPA and DHA diminish fasting circulating TG levels via reduced production of VLDL. The mechanism of reduced VLDL production does not involve hepatic retention of lipids. Lowered postprandial TG levels are also explained by increased chylomicron clearance. Little is known about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the TG-lowering effects of EPA and DHA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
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Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Fell GL, Baker MA, Gura KM, Bistrian BR, Puder M. Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:784-789. [PMID: 28716367 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The essentiality of fatty acids was determined by the Burrs in the 1920s. It is commonly accepted that provision of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) prevents and reverses essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Development of alternative injectable lipid emulsions (ILE) low in LA and ALA has raised concern about their ability to prevent EFAD. This review provides biochemical evidence coupled with observations from animal and human studies that aim to characterize which fatty acids are truly essential to prevent EFAD. Retroconversion pathways and mobilization from body stores suggest that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA - the main derivatives of LA and ALA, respectively) also prevent EFAD. Our group first proposed the essentiality of ARA and DHA by feeding mice exclusively these fatty acids and proving that they prevent EFAD. Survival for 5 generations on this diet provides additional evidence that growth and reproductive capabilities are maintained. Moreover, the use of fish oil-based ILE, with minimal LA and ALA and abundant DHA and ARA, for treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease, does not result in EFAD. These findings challenge the essentiality of LA and ALA in the presence of ARA and DHA. Evidence discussed in this review supports the idea that ARA and DHA can independently fulfill dietary essential fatty acid requirements. The imminent introduction of new ILE rich in ARA and DHA in the United States highlights the importance of understanding their essentiality, especially when provision of ALA and LA is below the established daily minimum requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Meredith A Baker
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Bruce R Bistrian
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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He B, Wang Y, Dou X, Chen YF. Supercritical CO2 extraction of docosahexaenoic acid from Schizochytrium limacinum using vegetable oils as entrainer. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Saboori S, Djalali M, Yousefi Rad E, Nematipour E, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Javanbakht MH, Eshraghian MR, Ramezani A, Koohdani F. Various Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 3 Plus Vitamin E Supplementations on Serum Glucose Level and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:1465-1472. [PMID: 28032064 PMCID: PMC5182255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega 3 and vitamin E are two critical nutrients which include beneficial effects in coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 alone supplementation or in combination with vitamin E on serum glucose and lipid levels and insulin resistance in CAD patients. METHODS Participants of this clinical trial included 60 male patients with CAD who selected from Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran in 2014. They received 4 g/day omega 3 plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), 4 g/day omega 3 with vitamin E placebo (OP), or omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (PP) for two months. Serum glucose, lipids and insulin were assessed and HOMA-IR was calculated before and after the trial and effects of these nutrients on the highlighted parameters were compared within the study groups. RESULTS Serum glucose level increased significantly in OP group (P=0.004), but not in OE group. OE and OP groups showed a significant decrease in fasting serum TG (P=0.020 and P=0.001, respectively). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in OE group (P=0.044 and P=0.039, respectively) but did not change significantly in OP group. CONCLUSION Although, omega 3 supplementation may include adverse effects on serum glucose level, co-administration of omega 3 and vitamin E can beneficially decrease serum insulin and insulin resistance in CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Saboori
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Nematipour
- Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Ramezani
- Dept. of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Echeverría F, Ortiz M, Valenzuela R, Videla LA. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids regulation of PPARs, signaling: Relationship to tissue development and aging. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 114:28-34. [PMID: 27926461 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that function as ligand-dependent transcription factors that can be activated by different types of fatty acids (FAs). Three isoforms of PPARs have been identify, namely, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, which are able to bind long-chain polyunsaturated FAs (LCPUFAs), n-3 LCPUFAs being bound with greater affinity to achieve activation. FA binding induces a conformational change of the nuclear receptors, triggering the transcription of specific genes including those encoding for various metabolic and cellular processes such as FA β-oxidation and adipogenesis, thus representing key mediators of lipid homeostasis. In addition, PPARs have important roles during placental, embryonal, and fetal development, and in the regulation of processes related to aging comprising oxidative stress, inflammation, and neuroprotection. The aim of this review was to assess the role of FAs as PPARs ligands, in terms of their main functions associated with FA metabolism and their relevance in the prevention and treatment of related pathologies during human life span.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Macarena Ortiz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Valenzuela R, Espinosa A, Llanos P, Hernandez-Rodas MC, Barrera C, Vergara D, Romero N, Pérez F, Ruz M, Videla LA. Anti-steatotic effects of an n-3 LCPUFA and extra virgin olive oil mixture in the liver of mice subjected to high-fat diet. Food Funct 2016; 7:140-50. [PMID: 26471014 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and drastic depletion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), namely, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3, DHA), which trigger lipolysis stimulation and lipogenesis inhibition. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has important antioxidant effects. This study evaluated the anti-steatotic effects of n-3 LCPUFA plus EVOO in the liver of male C57BL/6J mice subjected to a control diet (CD) (10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrate) or high fat diet (HFD) (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrate), without and with supplementation with n-3 LCPUFA (100 mg per kg per day) plus EVOO (100 mg per kg per day) for 12 weeks. HFD induced (i) liver steatosis (increased total fat, triacylglycerols, and free fatty acid total contents), (ii) higher fasting serum glucose and insulin levels and HOMA index, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols and TNF-α and IL-6, (iii) liver and plasma oxidative stress enhancement, (iv) depletion of the n-3 LCPUFA hepatic content, and (v) increment in lipogenic enzyme activity and reduction in lipolytic enzyme activity. These changes were either reduced (p < 0.05) or normalized to control the values in animals subjected to HFD supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA plus EVOO. In conclusion, n-3 LCPUFA plus EVOO intervention exerts anti-steatotic effects underlying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, improved insulin sensitivity, and recovery of the lipolytic/lipogenic status of the liver altered by HFD, and supports the potential therapeutic use of n-3 LCPUFA plus EVOO supplementation in the treatment of human liver steatosis induced by nutritional factors or other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cynthia Barrera
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Daniela Vergara
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Nalda Romero
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Pérez
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel Ruz
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Differences in expenditure and amounts of fresh foods, fruits and vegetables, and fish purchased in urban and rural Scotland. Public Health Nutr 2016; 20:524-533. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980016002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo quantitatively analyse expenditure on all fresh foods, fruits and vegetables (F&V) and fish across urban and rural households in Scotland. Fresh foods were chosen since, in general, they are perceived to contribute more to health than processed foods.DesignDescriptive analysis of purchase data of all foods brought into the home during 2012 from the Kantar Worldpanel database. Purchase data were restricted to fresh, unprocessed and raw foods or ‘fresh to frozen’ foods where freezing was part of harvesting. Total household purchases were adjusted for household size and composition.SettingScotland.SubjectsHouseholds (n 2576).ResultsRural households reported the highest expenditure per person on fresh foods and F&V, but also bought the most (kilograms) of these items. There were linear trends of average prices paid with urban–rural location (P<0·001), with average prices paid by large urban and remote rural households being £2·14/kg and £2·04/kg for fresh foods, £1·64/kg and £1·60/kg for F&V and £10·07/kg and £10·20/kg for fish, respectively, although differences were quantitatively small.ConclusionsContrary to previous studies, purchase data show that access to and average prices of fresh foods generally, and F&V and fish specifically, are broadly similar between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the higher expenditure on these foods in rural v. urban areas is probably due to factors other than pricing and availability.
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Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Baker MA, Fell GL, Puder M, Gura KM. Intravenous Fat Emulsion Formulations for the Adult and Pediatric Patient: Understanding the Differences. Nutr Clin Pract 2016; 31:596-609. [PMID: 27533942 DOI: 10.1177/0884533616662996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) provide essential fatty acids (EFAs) and are a dense source of energy in parenteral nutrition (PN). Parenterally administered lipid was introduced in the 17th century but plagued with side effects. The formulation of IVFEs later on made it a relatively safe component for administration to patients. Many ingredients are common to all IVFEs, yet the oil source(s) and its (their) percentage(s) makes them different from each other. The oil used dictates how IVFEs are metabolized and cleared from the body. The fatty acids (FAs) present in each type of oil provide unique beneficial and detrimental properties. This review provides an overview of IVFEs and discusses factors that would help clinicians choose the optimal product for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Anez-Bustillos
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Duy T Dao
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meredith A Baker
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gillian L Fell
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Puder
- Vascular Biology Program and the Department of Surgery. Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathleen M Gura
- Department of Pharmacy, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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50
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Tapsell LC, Neale EP, Satija A, Hu FB. Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:445-54. [PMID: 27184272 PMCID: PMC4863273 DOI: 10.3945/an.115.011718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary guidelines provide evidence-based statements on food choices to meet nutritional requirements and reduce the risk of prevailing chronic disease. They involve a substantial amount of research translation, and their implementation has important health consequences. Foods, however, are complex combinations of nutrients and other compounds that act synergistically within the food and across food combinations. In addition, the evidence base underpinning dietary guidelines accesses research that reflects different study designs, with inherent strengths and limitations. We propose a systematic approach for the review of evidence that begins with research on dietary patterns. This research will identify the combinations of foods that best protect, or appear deleterious to, health. Next, we suggest that evidence be sought from research that focuses on the effects of individual foods. Finally, nutrient-based research should be considered to explain the mechanisms by which these foods and dietary patterns exert their effects, take into account the effects of ingredients added to the food supply, and enable assessments of dietary sufficiency. The consideration of individual nutrients and food components (e.g., upper limits for saturated fat, added sugar, and sodium) provides important benchmarks for evaluating overall diet quality. The concepts of core and discretionary foods (nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor foods, respectively) enable distinctions between foods, and this has implications for the relation between food policy and food manufacturing. In summary, evidence supporting healthy dietary patterns provides the foundation for the development of dietary guidelines. Further reference to individual foods and nutrients follows from the foundation of healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Tapsell
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; and
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- Smart Foods Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; and
| | - Ambika Satija
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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