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Warren WG, Osborn M, Duffy P, Yates A, O'Sullivan SE. Potential safety implications of fatty acid-binding protein inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117079. [PMID: 39218163 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are small intracellular proteins that regulate fatty acid metabolism, transport, and signalling. There are ten known human isoforms, many of which are upregulated and involved in clinical pathologies. As such, FABP inhibition may be beneficial in disease states such as cancer, and those involving the cardiovascular system, metabolism, immunity, and cognition. Recently, a potent, selective FABP5 inhibitor (ART26.12), with 90-fold selectivity to FABP3 and 20-fold selectivity to FABP7, was found to be remarkably benign, with a no-observed-adverse-effect level of 1000 mg/kg in rats and dogs, showing no genotoxicity, cardiovascular, central, or respiratory toxicity. To understand the potential implication of FABP inhibition more fully, this review systematically assessed literature investigating genetic knockout, knockdown, and pharmacological inhibition of FABP3, FABP4, FABP5, or FABP7. Analysis of the literature revealed that animals bred not to express FABPs showed the most biological effects, suggesting key roles of these proteins during development. FABP ablation sometimes exacerbated symptoms of disease models, particularly those linked to metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses, cardiac contractility, neurogenesis, and cognition. However, FABP inhibition (genetic silencing or pharmacological) had a positive effect in many more disease conditions. Several polymorphisms of each FABP gene have also been linked to pathological conditions, but it was unclear how several polymorphisms affected protein function. Overall, analysis of the literature to date suggests that pharmacological inhibition of FABPs in adults is of low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Warren
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom.
| | - Myles Osborn
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Duffy
- Apconix Ltd., Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Yates
- Artelo Biosciences Limited, Alderley Park, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Lee CH, Lui DTW, Cheung CYY, Fong CHY, Yuen MMA, Woo YC, Chow WS, Wong IYH, Xu A, Lam KSL. Circulating AFABP, FGF21, and PEDF Levels as Prognostic Biomarkers of Sight-threatening Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e799-e806. [PMID: 36856742 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) are 3 diabetes-related biomarkers whose circulating levels had been shown to associate with nephropathy progression in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE Here, we evaluated and compared their prospective associations with the development of sight-threatening DR (STDR), another important diabetic microvascular complication. METHODS Baseline serum AFABP, PEDF, and FGF21 levels were measured in 4760 Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes and without STDR at baseline. The associations of these biomarkers with incident STDR were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Among these 4760 participants (mean diabetes duration of 11 years and ≥ 50% with nonproliferative DR at baseline), 172 participants developed STDR over a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Participants with incident STDR had comparable baseline serum FGF21 levels but significantly higher baseline serum AFABP and PEDF levels (both P < .001) than those without. However, in multivariable Cox regression analysis, only serum AFABP remained independently associated with incident STDR (hazard ratio 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05-1.55; P = .013). The addition of serum AFABP to a clinical model of conventional STDR risk factors including diabetes duration, glycemic control, albuminuria, and baseline DR status significantly improved the c statistics (P < .001), net reclassification index (P = .0027), and integrated discrimination index (P = .033) in predicting incident STDR among participants without DR or with mild DR at baseline. CONCLUSION Among the 3 diabetes-related biomarkers, serum AFABP level appeared to be a more clinically useful biomarker for predicting incident STDR in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - David Tak-Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chloe Yu-Yan Cheung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Carol Ho-Yi Fong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Michele Mae-Ann Yuen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu-Cho Woo
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wing-Sun Chow
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ian Yat-Hin Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Karen Siu-Ling Lam
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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El-Ryalat S, Irshaid Y, Abujbara M, El-Khateeb M, Ajlouni K. Adipocyte "Fatty Acid Binding Protein" Gene Polymorphisms ( rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in Jordanians with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Balkan J Med Genet 2023; 25:63-70. [PMID: 37265971 PMCID: PMC10230837 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia may result from the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. There are controversial reports concerning the association of polymorphisms (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) in the gene of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) with obesity and T2DM. Therefore, we designed this study to determine the association of these polymorphisms with obesity, T2DM, and dyslipidemia among Jordanian subjects. Methods The study was approved by the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG) Institutional Review Board (IRB). A total of 397 subjects were enrolled in the study and divided into four groups as described in materials and methods section. The fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene containing (rs1054135, rs16909196 and rs16909187) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger DNA sequencing of the PCR product. Results None of the three SNPs were associated with T2DM (p > 0.05). The rs16909187 and rs16909196 were significantly associated with obesity. The wild type (CC) of rs16909187 was significantly higher among the overweight and obese group compared with normal weight controls (OD = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.18 - 3.96, p =0.01). The wild type of rs16909196 (AA) was significantly higher among the overweight and obese group compared to controls, (OD = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.24 - 4.14, p = 0.01). These results may indicate that the wild-type may be a risk factor for obesity.Only the rs1054135 SNP was significantly associated with increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in the overweight and obese group compared with the controls (p = 0.03). Conclusions The wild-type genotypes of rs16909196 and rs16909187 may be risk factors for obesity but not T2DM. None of the three SNPs was associated with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.W. El-Ryalat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Jordan, AmmanJordan
| | - Y.M. Irshaid
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, the University of Jordan, AmmanJordan
| | - M. Abujbara
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
| | - M. El-Khateeb
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
| | - K.M. Ajlouni
- The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics, Amman11942, Jordan
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Hyder A. Naturally-occurring carboxylic acids from traditional antidiabetic plants as potential pancreatic islet FABP3 inhibitors. A molecular docking-aided study. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 372:110368. [PMID: 36709838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antidiabetic action of traditional plants is mostly attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These plants are still having some secrets, making them an attractive source that allows for investigating new drugs or uncovering precise pharmacologic antidiabetic functions of their constituents. In diabetes, which is a lipid disease, long-term exposure of pancreatic islet beta cells to fatty acids (FAs) increases basal insulin release, reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, causes islet beta cell inflammation, failure and apoptosis. Pancreatic islet beta cells express fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) that receives long-chain FAs and traffics them throughout different cellular compartments to be metabolized and render their effects. Inhibition of this FABP3 may retard FA metabolism and protect islet beta cells. Since FAs interact with FABPs by their carboxylic group, some traditionally-known antidiabetic plants were reviewed in the present study, searching for their components that have common features of FABP ligands, namely carboxylic group and hydrophobic tail. Many of these carboxylic acids were computationally introduced into the ligand-binding pocket of FABP3 and some of them exhibited FABP3 ligand possibilities. Among others, the naturally occurring ferulic, cleomaldeic, caffeic, sinapic, hydroxycinnamic, 4-p-coumaroylquinic, quinoline-2-carboxylic, chlorogenic, 6-hydroxykynurenic, and rosmarinic acids in many plants are promising candidates for being FABP3-specific inhibitors. The study shed light on repurposing these phyto-carboxylic acids to function as FABP inhibitors. However, more in-depth biological and pharmacological studies to broaden the understanding of this function are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Endothelial Cell. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122301. [PMID: 36553568 PMCID: PMC9777652 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a monolayer of cells lining the inner blood vessels. Endothelial cells (ECs) play indispensable roles in angiogenesis, homeostasis, and immune response under normal physiological conditions, and their dysfunction is closely associated with pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal EC metabolism, especially dysfunctional fatty acid (FA) metabolism, contributes to the development of many diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this review, we focus on discussing the latest advances in FA metabolism in ECs under normal and pathological conditions with an emphasis on PH. We also highlight areas of research that warrant further investigation.
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Su HY, Hsu BG, Lin YL, Wang CH, Lai YH. Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein level is positively associated with aortic stiffness in nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29558. [PMID: 35866771 PMCID: PMC9302354 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stiffness (AS) is a major predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is a novel adipokine that is positively correlated with AS in the general population. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum A-FABP levels and AS in nondialysis CKD patients. Fasting blood samples and baseline characteristics were obtained in 270 patients with nondialysis CKD. Serum A-FABP concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) measurements were acquired using a validated tonometry system. Patients with cfPWV >10 m/s formed the AS group, while those with values ≤10 m/s comprised the comparison group. Among 270 CKD patients, 92 patients (34.1%) were in the AS group. Compared to those in the comparison group, patients in the AS group were older (P < .001), had a higher prevalence of diabetes, along with higher serum A-FABP level (P < .001), larger waist circumference (P = .004), and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = .001) but higher levels of body fat mass (P = .010), systolic blood pressure (P < .001), fasting glucose (P = .014), blood urea nitrogen (P = .009), and serum creatinine (P = .004). The serum log-A-FABP level was positively associated with log-cfPWV (β = 0.178, P = .001) in nondialysis CKD patients and multivariable logistic regression analysis identified serum A-FABP (P = .006), age (P = .001), and systolic blood pressure (P = .015) as independent predictors of AS in nondialysis-dependent CKD patients. Elevated A-FABP levels may be a significant predictor of AS in nondialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yuan Su
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lai
- School of Medicine, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Yu-Hsien Lai, MD, PhD, Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, 97004 Hualien, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Golaszewska K, Harasim-Symbor E, Lukaszuk B, Chabowski A. Are fatty acids and fatty acid binding proteins novel biomarkers for cryoablation efficiency? Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:283-290. [PMID: 35843155 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cryoablation is a recommended, modern and well-tolerated method of treating atrial fibrillation (AF). The study evaluates plasma biomarkers related to AF and the effectiveness of its treatment - cryoablation. Heart- and adipocyte-type fatty acid binding proteins (H-FABP and A-FABP, respectively) as well as fatty acids (FAs) were assessed in patients that underwent cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for AF. PATIENTS AND METHODS Concentrations of plasma FABPs and FAs were measured in 33 AF patients on admission and 24 h after CBA (enzyme-linked immunoassay and gas liquid chromatography, respectively). The control group consisted of 20 volunteers. RESULTS We showed that plasma H-FABP and A-FABP concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with AF than in the control group (1135 pg/mL vs 836 pg/mL, and 34.29 ng/mL vs 15.14 ng/mL, respectively; p < 0.05). After CBA, H-FABP plasma concentration increased even further (1574 pg/mL vs 1135 pg/mL; p < 0.05) and FAs levels decreased concomitantly. AF recurred in 8 patients (24.25%) after 3 months and in 13 patients (39.4%) after 6 months. Initially higher concentration of oleic acid (680.24 ± 189.768 vs 567.04 ± 70.002; p < 0.05) correlated substantially with lower AF relapse rate in 6 months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The patients with AF showed increased concentration of H-FABP, whereas CBA triggered further elevation of H-FABP with a simultaneous decline in the total plasma FAs concentration. H-FABP and A-FABP could not be confirmed as new biomarkers of cryoablation efficiency, but this requires further investigation due to the limitations of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Golaszewska
- Department of Cardiology, Ministry of Interior and Administration Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Harasim-Symbor
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej Lukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Garcia KA, Costa ML, Lacunza E, Martinez ME, Corsico B, Scaglia N. Fatty acid binding protein 5 regulates lipogenesis and tumor growth in lung adenocarcinoma. Life Sci 2022; 301:120621. [PMID: 35545133 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Unfortunately, targeted-therapies have been unsuccessful for most patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Thus, new early biomarkers and treatment options are a pressing need. Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) has been associated with various types of cancers. Its contribution to LUAD onset, progression and metabolic reprogramming is, however, not fully understood. In this study we assessed the importance of FABP5 in LUAD and its role in cancer lipid metabolism. MAIN METHODS By radioactive labeling and metabolite quantification, we studied the function of FABP5 in fatty acid metabolism using genetic/pharmacologic inhibition and overexpression models in LUAD cell lines. Flow cytometry, heterologous transplantation and bioinformatic analysis were used, in combination with other methodologies, to assess the importance of FABP5 for cellular proliferation in vitro and in vivo and in patient survival. KEY FINDINGS We show that high expression of FABP5 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with LUAD. FABP5 regulates lipid metabolism, diverting fatty acids towards complex lipid synthesis, whereas it does not affect their catabolism in vitro. Moreover, FABP5 is required for de novo fatty acid synthesis and regulates the expression of enzymes involved in the pathway (including FASN and SCD1). Consistently with the changes in lipid metabolism, FABP5 is required for cell cycle progression, migration and in vivo tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that FABP5 is a regulatory hub of lipid metabolism and tumor progression in LUAD, placing it as a new putative therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Andrea Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Lucía Costa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elizabeth Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betina Corsico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Scaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Plata (INIBIOLP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yang S, Li S, Chang J. Discovery of Cobimetinib as a novel A-FABP inhibitor using machine learning and molecular docking-based virtual screening. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13500-13510. [PMID: 35520131 PMCID: PMC9066360 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP, also called FABP4, aP2) is an adipokine identified as a critical regulator of metabolic function due to its dual functions of fatty acid transport and pro-inflammation. Because of the high therapeutic potential of A-FABP inhibition for the treatment of metabolic diseases and related vascular complications, numerous inhibitors have been developed against A-FABP. However, none of these inhibitors have been approved for use in patients due to severe side effects. Here, we used a virtual screening (VS) strategy to identify potential inhibitors of A-FABP in the latest FDA-approved drug library (∼2600 compounds), aiming to explore the existing drugs with proven safety profiles. We firstly combined ligand-based machine learning and structure-based molecular docking to develop a screening pipeline for identifying A-FABP inhibitors. The screening of FDA-approved drugs identified four compounds (Cobimetinib, Larotrectinib, Pantoprazole, and Vildagliptin) with the highest scores, whose inhibitory effects on A-FABP were further assessed in cellular assays. Among the selected compounds, Cobimetinib significantly inhibited the activation of the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway by A-FABP in mouse macrophages without causing obvious cytotoxicity. In summary, we present an integrated VS pipeline for A-FABP inhibitor screening, and identified Cobimetinib as a novel A-FABP inhibitor that may be repurposed for the treatment of metabolic diseases and associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilun Yang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Simeng Li
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xueyuan Blvd 1068 Shenzhen 518055 Guangdong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
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Fan HJ, Wang CH, Hsu BG, Tsai JP. Association between Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein Level and Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020316. [PMID: 35207603 PMCID: PMC8878502 DOI: 10.3390/life12020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is associated with atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction is one of the reasons for adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). This study investigated the correlation between serum A-FABP levels and endothelial function in HD patients. Fasting blood samples were collected from 90 HD patients. A-FABP levels were measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit. Endothelial function was evaluated by a digital thermal monitoring test to measure vascular reactivity index (VRI). VRI < 1.0, 1.0 ≤ VRI < 2.0, and VRI ≥ 2.0 indicated poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity, respectively. In total, 14 (15.6%), 38 (42.2%), and 38 (42.2%) HD patients had poor, intermediate, and good VRI, respectively. Patients with poor VRI had lower pre-HD and post-HD body weight, body mass index, and serum creatinine level but higher serum A-FABP level (p = 0.001) than those with intermediate and good VRI. Log-transformed VRI (log-VRI) positively correlated with serum creatinine and negatively correlated with A-FABP by multivariate linear regression analysis. We concluded that A-FABP correlated with endothelial dysfunction in chronic HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Jou Fan
- Divisions of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; 0xliad53a4dfac58z% (H.-J.F.); (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Divisions of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; 0xliad53a4dfac58z% (H.-J.F.); (C.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Divisions of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; 0xliad53a4dfac58z% (H.-J.F.); (C.-H.W.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-G.H.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (B.-G.H.); (J.-P.T.)
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12
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Unveiling the Role of the Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 in the Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010197. [PMID: 35052876 PMCID: PMC8773613 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, is a progressive disease ranging from fatty liver to steatohepatitis (metabolic-associated steatohepatitis; MASH). Nevertheless, it remains underdiagnosed due to the lack of effective non-invasive methods for its diagnosis and staging. Although MAFLD has been found in lean individuals, it is closely associated with obesity-related conditions. Adipose tissue is the main source of liver triglycerides and adipocytes act as endocrine organs releasing a large number of adipokines and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in MAFLD progression into bloodstream. Among the adipocyte-derived molecules, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) has been recently associated with fatty liver and additional features of advanced stages of MAFLD. Additionally, emerging data from preclinical studies propose FABP4 as a causal actor involved in the disease progression, rather than a mere biomarker for the disease. Therefore, the FABP4 regulation could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to MAFLD. Here, we review the current knowledge of FABP4 in MAFLD, as well as its potential role as a therapeutic target for this disease.
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13
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Yang H, Deng Q, Ni T, Liu Y, Lu L, Dai H, Wang H, Yang W. Targeted Inhibition of LPL/FABP4/CPT1 fatty acid metabolic axis can effectively prevent the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to liver cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4207-4222. [PMID: 34803493 PMCID: PMC8579444 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.64714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as one of the key stages in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can directly progress to HCC, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each stage of disease development were studied through a GEO dataset deriving from a Stelic Animal Model (STAM), which can simulate the evolution of NAFLD/NASH to HCC in humans. GSVA analysis was performed to analyze the differentially expressed oncogenic signatures in each stage. A human NAFLD-related dataset from GEO database was utilized for gene expression verification and further validated in the protein level in STAM mice. Small molecule inhibitors were applied to STAM mice for investigating whether inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis could prevent the occurrence of NASH-related HCC in vivo. Microsphere formation and clonal formation assays in vitro were applied to study if inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis can reduce the viability of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). Results: We found that upregulation of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 molecular axis, as a fatty acid metabolic reprogramming process, occurred specifically during the NASH phase. GSVA analysis showed widespread activation of a large number of oncogenic signals, which may contribute to malignant transformation during NASH. Furthermore, inhibition of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis could effectively delay the tumor growth in STAM mice. Cell assays revealed inhibitors targeting this axis can significantly reduce the sphere-forming, proliferation, and clonality of LCSCs. Conclusion: These results suggest that activation of the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis is essential for LCSCs maintenance, which acts synergistically with a variety of up-regulated oncogenic signals that drive the hepatocyte-LCSCs transdifferentiation during NASH to HCC progression. Thus, targeting the LPL/FABP4/CPT1 axis may provide a potential direction for NASH-related HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qingmei Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tun Ni
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Anatomy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Haiming Dai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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14
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A-FABP in Metabolic Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179386. [PMID: 34502295 PMCID: PMC8456319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), which is also known as ap2 or FABP4, is a fatty acid chaperone that has been further defined as a fat-derived hormone. It regulates lipid homeostasis and is a key mediator of inflammation. Circulating levels of A-FABP are closely associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases with imminent diagnostic and prognostic significance. Numerous animal studies have elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms involving A-FABP in these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated its physiological role in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis and its pathological roles in ischemic stroke and liver fibrosis. Due to its implication in various diseases, A-FABP has become a promising target for the development of small molecule inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies for disease treatment. This review summarizes the clinical and animal findings of A-FABP in the pathogenesis of cardio-metabolic diseases in recent years. The underlying mechanism and its therapeutic implications are also highlighted.
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15
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Pre-emptive pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4 attenuates kidney fibrosis by reprogramming tubular lipid metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:572. [PMID: 34083513 PMCID: PMC8175732 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression that is caused by tubular injury and dysregulated lipid metabolism. Genetic abolition fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a key lipid transporter, has been reported to suppress kidney interstitial fibrosis. However, the role and underlying mechanism of chemical inhibition of FABP4 in fibrotic kidney have not been well-documented. Here, we examined preemptive the effect of a FABP4 inhibitor, BMS309403, on lipid metabolism of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and progression of kidney fibrosis. The expression of FABP4 was significantly elevated, concomitated with the accumulation of lipid droplets in TECs during kidney fibrosis. Treatment with BMS309403 alleviated lipid deposition of TECs, as well as interstitial fibrotic responses both in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-engaged mice and TGF-β-induced TECs. Moreover, BMS309403 administration enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in TECs by regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and restoring FAO-related enzyme activities; In addition, BMS309403 markedly reduced cell lipotoxicity, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in fibrotic kidney. Taken together, our results suggest that preemptive pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 by BMS309403 rebalances abnormal lipid metabolism in TECs and attenuates the progression of kidney fibrosis, thus may hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of fibrotic kidney diseases.
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16
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Wu X, Shu L, Zhang Z, Li J, Zong J, Cheong LY, Ye D, Lam KSL, Song E, Wang C, Xu A, Hoo RLC. Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein Promotes the Onset and Progression of Liver Fibrosis via Mediating the Crosstalk between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003721. [PMID: 34105268 PMCID: PMC8188197 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Development of liver fibrosis results in drastic changes in the liver microenvironment, which in turn accelerates disease progression. Although the pathological function of various hepatic cells in fibrogenesis is identified, the crosstalk between them remains obscure. The present study demonstrates that hepatic expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is induced especially in the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in mice after bile duct ligation (BDL). Genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of A-FABP attenuate BDL- or carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice associating with reduced collagen accumulation, LSEC capillarization, and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Mechanistically, elevated A-FABP promotes LSEC capillarization by activating Hedgehog signaling, thus impairs the gatekeeper function of LSEC on HSC activation. LSEC-derived A-FABP also acts on HSCs in paracrine manner to potentiate the transactivation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling. Elevated TGFβ1 subsequently exaggerates liver fibrosis. These findings uncover a novel pathological mechanism of liver fibrosis in which LSEC-derived A-FABP is a key regulator modulating the onset and progression of the disease. Targeting A-FABP may represent a potential approach against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou510060China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiuyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic DiseasesGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhou510000China
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510630China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of MedicineLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Ruby L. C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacyLKS Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
- HKU‐Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU‐SIRI)Shenzhen518057China
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17
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Lee CH, Lui DTW, Lam KSL. Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality. Front Immunol 2021; 12:589206. [PMID: 33815359 PMCID: PMC8017191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.589206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been increasingly recognized that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, especially in the visceral fat depots, contributes to systemic inflammation and promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), a lipid chaperone abundantly secreted from the adipocytes and macrophages, is one of the key players mediating this adipose-vascular cross-talk, in part via its interaction with c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) to form a positive feedback loop, and perpetuate inflammatory responses. In mice, selective JNK inactivation in the adipose tissue significantly reduced the expression of AFABP in their adipose tissue, as well as circulating AFABP levels. Importantly, fat transplant experiments showed that adipose-specific JNK inactivation in the visceral fat was sufficient to protect mice with apoE deficiency from atherosclerosis, with the beneficial effects attenuated by the continuous infusion of recombinant AFABP, supporting the role of AFABP as the link between visceral fat inflammation and atherosclerosis. In humans, raised circulating AFABP levels are associated with incident metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD, as well as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetic nephropathy and adverse renal outcomes, all being conditions closely related to inflammation and enhanced CV mortality. Collectively, these clinical data have provided support to AFABP as an important adipokine linking obesity, inflammation and CVD. This review will discuss recent findings on the role of AFABP in CVD and mortality, the possible underlying mechanisms, and pharmacological inhibition of AFABP as a potential strategy to combat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - David T W Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Karen S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Positive Associations between Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Level and Central Arterial Stiffness in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Int J Hypertens 2021; 2021:8849115. [PMID: 33628486 PMCID: PMC7884152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8849115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) plays essential roles in lipolysis, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum A-FABP levels and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods This study obtained fasting blood samples from 76 PD patients. A validated tonometry system was used to measure cfPWV. Patients with cfPWV values >10 m/s were classified into the high arterial stiffness group, whereas patients with values ≤10 m/s were classified into the low arterial stiffness group, according to the ESH-ESC 2013 guidelines. Serum A-FABP levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Twenty-five (32.9%) of the 76 PD patients were classified in the high arterial stiffness group. Compared with the patients in the low arterial stiffness group, the high arterial stiffness group was older (P = 0.002) and had a longer PD vintage (P = 0.011), higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P = 0.036), higher fasting glucose levels (P = 0.012), higher serum C reactive protein levels (P = 0.001), and higher serum A-FABP levels (P < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors significantly associated with central arterial stiffness revealed that A-FABP (odds ratio (OR): 1.165, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.056–1.284, P = 0.002), age (OR: 1.423, 95% CI: 1.153–1.757, P = 0.001), PD vintage (OR: 1.049, 95% CI: 1.015–1.085, P = 0.005), and DBP (OR: 1.152, 95% CI: 1.033–1.285, P = 0.011) were independent predictors of central arterial stiffness in PD patients. Furthermore, serum A-FABP levels (β = 0.476, adjusted R2 change: 0.197, P < 0.001) were significantly positively correlated with cfPWV according to the multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis. Conclusions A-FABP levels are an independent marker of central arterial stiffness in PD patients.
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19
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Barlow J, Sfyri PP, Mitchell R, Verpoorten S, Scully D, Andreou C, Papadopoulos P, Patel K, Matsakas A. Platelet releasate normalises the compromised muscle regeneration in a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:700-713. [PMID: 33450106 DOI: 10.1113/ep088937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the impact of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia on skeletal muscle stem cell function of ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/- ) mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Compromised muscle stem cell function accounts for the impaired muscle regeneration in hyperlipidaemic ApoE-/- mice. Importantly, impaired muscle regeneration is normalised by administration of platelet releasate. ABSTRACT Muscle satellite cells are important stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration and repair after injury. ApoE-deficient mice, an established mouse model of hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis, show evidence of oxidative stress-induced lesions and fat infiltration in skeletal muscle followed by impaired repair after injury. However, the mechanisms underpinning attenuated muscle regeneration remain to be fully defined. Key to addressing the latter is to understand the properties of muscle stem cells from ApoE-deficient mice and their myogenic potential. Muscle stem cells from ApoE-deficient mice were cultured both ex vivo (on single fibres) and in vitro (primary myoblasts) and their myogenic capacity was determined. Skeletal muscle regeneration was studied on days 5 and 10 after cardiotoxin injury. ApoE-deficient muscle stem cells showed delayed activation and differentiation on single muscle fibres ex vivo. Impaired proliferation and differentiation profiles were also evident on isolated primary muscle stem cells in culture. ApoE-deficient mice displayed impaired skeletal muscle regeneration after acute injury in vivo. Administration of platelet releasate in ApoE-deficient mice reversed the deficits of muscle regeneration after acute injury to wild-type levels. These findings indicate that muscle stem cell myogenic potential is perturbed in skeletal muscle of a mouse model of hyperlipidaemia. We propose that platelet releasate could be a therapeutic intervention for conditions with associated myopathy such as peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Barlow
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Pagona Panagiota Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rob Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sandrine Verpoorten
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - David Scully
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Charalampos Andreou
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Petros Papadopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Hull York Medical School, Centre for Atherothrombosis & Metabolic Disease, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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20
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Wu YW, Chang TT, Chang CC, Chen JW. Fatty-Acid-Binding Protein 4 as a Novel Contributor to Mononuclear Cell Activation and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239245. [PMID: 33287461 PMCID: PMC7730098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background—Elevated circulating fatty-acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels may be linked with cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of FABP4 in atherosclerosis. Methods—We recruited 22 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) and 40 control subjects. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) and human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used for in vitro study. Results—Patients with CAD were predominantly male with an enhanced prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking history. FABP4 concentrations were up-regulated in culture supernatants of MNCs from CAD patients, which were positively correlated with the patients’ age, waist–hip ratio, body mass index, serum creatinine, type 2 diabetes, and the presence of hypertension. The adhesiveness of HCAECs to monocytic cells can be activated by FABP4, which was reversed by an FABP4 antibody. FABP4 blockade attenuated the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and P-selectin. FABP4 impaired the tube formation and migration via the ERK/JNK/STAT-1 signaling pathway. FABP4 suppressed phosphorylation of eNOS and expression of SDF-1 protein, both of which can be reversed by treatment with VEGF. Blockade of FABP4 also improved the oxLDL-impaired cell function. Conclusion—We discovered a novel pathogenic role of FABP4 in MNC activation and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. FABP4 may be a therapeutic target for modulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28712121; Fax: +886-2-28711601
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21
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Ong KL, Wu L, Januszewski AS, O'Connell RL, Xu A, Rye KA, Ma RCW, Li H, Jenkins AJ, Jia W, Keech AC. Relationships of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and lipocalin 2 with risk factors and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate: A fenofibrate Intervention and event lowering in diabetes sub-study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108450. [PMID: 32949655 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate determinants of circulating levels of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2), their relationships with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular events, and effects of fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A-FABP and LCN2 were quantified in baseline plasma from 2000 T2D adults in a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial sub-study and correlates thereof determined. In a subset (n = 200) adipokines were also measured on-trial. RESULTS Female sex, older age, higher body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, insulin resistance index, triglycerides, plasma creatinine and homocysteine, shorter diabetes duration, and use of oral hypoglycaemic agents alone were independent determinants of higher A-FABP. Higher BMI, fibrinogen and homocysteine, Caucasian race, and lower fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-II and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent predictors of higher LCN2 levels. Baseline A-FABP and LCN2 levels were associated with multiple new CVD and microvascular events over 5-years, though significance was lost after risk factor adjustment. Fenofibrate increased A-FABP but did not change LCN2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma A-FABP and LCN2 levels were associated with concurrent CVD risk factors, and on-trial chronic complications, likely mediated via traditional risk factors. Fenofibrate increased A-FABP modestly but did not affect LCN2 levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 64783481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Leung Ong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liang Wu
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rachel L O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Lee YS, Kim JY, Kim KI, Ki SY, Chung SW. Effect of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 Inhibition on Rotator Cuff Muscle Quality: Histological, Biomechanical, and Biomolecular Analysis. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:3089-3099. [PMID: 31518157 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519873856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rotator cuff tear (RCT) induces fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) expression, resulting in ectopic fat accumulation in the rotator cuff muscle. PURPOSE To evaluate whether FABP4 inhibition reduces fatty infiltration and improves muscle physiology after RCT in a rat model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Human supraspinatus muscle and deltoid muscle tissues were acquired from patients with RCTs during arthroscopic surgery, and FABP4 expression in the supraspinatus muscle was evaluated as compared with the intact deltoid muscle. A rat RCT model was established by detaching the supraspinatus tendon, after which a specific FABP4 inhibitor was locally injected into the supraspinatus muscle 4 times at 3-day intervals starting 2 weeks after the surgery. Body weight and blood glucose levels were measured at 2 and 4 weeks after the RCT, and the mRNA and protein expressions of various target molecules (including FABP4), histological changes, and biomechanical tensile strength were assessed in the supraspinatus muscles at 4 weeks after the RCT. RESULTS The expression of human FABP4 was significantly increased in the torn rotator cuff muscle as compared with the intact deltoid muscle. In the rat model, the mRNA and protein expressions of FABP4 and HIF1α were significantly increased by the RCT as compared with the control. The FABP4 inhibitor treatment significantly decreased FABP4 expression when compared with the vehicle treatment; however, HIF1α expression was not significantly decreased versus the vehicle treatment. Histologically, RCT induced noticeable muscle fatty infiltration, which was remarkably reduced by the local injection of the FABP4 inhibitor. Biomechanically, the tensile strength of the rotator cuff muscle after the RCT was significantly improved by the FABP4 inhibitor in terms of load to failure and total energy to failure. CONCLUSION RCT induces FABP4 expression in human and rat rotator cuff muscles. The FABP4 inhibitor drastically decreased the histological fatty infiltration caused by RCT and improved the tensile strength of the rotator cuff muscle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE FABP4 inhibitor may have a beneficial effect on the muscle quality after RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yeon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Ki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Won Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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23
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Tan M, Korkmaz H, Aydın H, Kumbul Doğuç D. FABP4 levels in hypothyroidism and its relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1490-1497. [PMID: 31651119 PMCID: PMC7018356 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1904-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) levels and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with hypothyroidism. Materials and methods Forty subclinical hypothyroidism patients, 40 overt hypothyroidism patients, and 40 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Blood pressure, body mass index, CIMT, fasting blood sugar, creatine, alanine aminotransferase, lipid parameters, insulin, free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and FABP4 levels of all participants were measured. Results Serum FABP4 levels were significantly higher in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism than healthy controls (HCs) (P = 0.044 and P = 0.014, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of FABP4 levels between patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism (P = 0.641). Serum TSH levels and serum FABP4 levels were positively correlated (r = 0.201, P = 0.039). CIMT was found to be higher in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism than in HCs (P = 0.042 and P < 0.001, respectively). No correlation was found between CIMT and FABP4 levels (r = 0.038, P = 0.702). There was a positive correlation between CIMT and TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol levels. It was found that high TG levels were an independent factor that increased CIMT (r = 0.382, r2 = 0.146). Conclusion In patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, the level of FABP4 increases and this increase is correlated with the increase in TSH level. It is thought that FABP4 does not play a role in atherosclerosis development in patients with hypothyroidism without metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mürşide Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hakan Korkmaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Aydın
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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24
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Chen TL, Lee MC, Ho CC, Hsu BG, Tsai JP. Serum Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Level is Negatively Associated with Vascular Reactivity Index Measured by Digital Thermal Monitoring in Kidney Transplant Patients. Metabolites 2019; 9:E159. [PMID: 31370219 PMCID: PMC6724141 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) is abundantly found in mature adipocytes and is involved in cardiovascular disease. Our aim is to investigate the association between serum A-FABP levels and endothelial function among kidney transplant (KT) patients. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 80 KT patients. Serum A-FABP levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. Endothelial function and vascular reactivity index (VRI) were measured using digital thermal monitoring test. In this study, VRI < 1.0, VRI 1.0-1.9, and VRI ≥ 2.0 were defined as poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity, respectively. There were 12 (15.0%), 30 (37.5%), and 38 (47.5%) KT patients categorized as having poor, intermediate, and good vascular reactivity, respectively. Increased serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.012), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; p = 0.032), and A-FABP (p < 0.001) were associated with decreased vascular reactivity. Multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = -0.283, adjusted R2 change = 0.072; p = 0.003) and serum log-A-FABP level (β = -0.514, adjusted R2 change = 0.268; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with VRI values in KT patients. We concluded that serum fasting A-FABP level is negatively associated with VRI values and plays a role in endothelial dysfunction of KT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chung Ho
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Pi Tsai
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan.
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25
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Floresta G, Cilibrizzi A, Abbate V, Spampinato A, Zagni C, Rescifina A. 3D-QSAR assisted identification of FABP4 inhibitors: An effective scaffold hopping analysis/QSAR evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:276-284. [PMID: 30529845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Following on the recent publication of pharmacologically relevant effects, small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have attracted high interest. FABP4 is mainly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue, where it regulates fatty acid storage and lipolysis, being also an important mediator of inflammation. In this regard, FABP4 recently demonstrated an interesting molecular target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, other metabolic diseases and some type of cancers. In the past years, hundreds of effective FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized. In this paper, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model has been produced, in order to predict the bioactivity of FABP4 inhibitors. The methodology has been combined with a scaffold-hopping approach, allowing to identify three new molecules that act as effective inhibitors of this protein. These molecules, synthesized and tested for their FABP4 inhibitor activity, showed IC50 values between 3.70 and 5.59 μM, with a high level of agreement with the predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Vincenzo Abbate
- King's Forensics, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ambra Spampinato
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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26
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Lee MYK, Ge G, Fung ML, Vanhoutte PM, Mak JCW, Ip MSM. Low but not high frequency of intermittent hypoxia suppresses endothelium-dependent, oxidative stress-mediated contractions in carotid arteries of obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1384-1395. [PMID: 30091668 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of sleep apnea. The present study compared the functional impact of low- (IH10; 10 hypoxic events/h) and high-frequency (IH60; 60 hypoxic events/h) IH for 4 wk on endothelial function in male C57BL/6 mice with or without high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Mean arterial blood pressure (tail cuff method) was increased in obese mice after IH60 exposure, i.e., HF + IH60 group. The serum levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were augmented in lean IH60 and HF groups, with a further increase in HF + IH60 but a reduction in HF + IH10 mice compared with the HF group. Vascular responsiveness was assessed as changes in isometric tension in isolated arteries. Relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were impaired in HF + IH60 aortae. Endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC; response to acetylcholine in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME) in carotid arteries were augmented in the HF group, but this HF-induced augmentation was suppressed by low-frequency IH exposure. The addition of apocynin (antioxidant) reduced EDC in HF and HF + IH60 groups but not in HF + IH10 group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exposure of obese mice to mild IH exerts preconditioning-like suppression of endothelium-dependent and oxidative stress-mediated contractions. When IH severity increases, this suppression diminishes and endothelial dysfunction accelerates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that low-frequency intermittent hypoxia may exert a preconditioning-like suppression of oxidative stress-induced endothelium-dependent contractions in mice with diet-induced obesity. This relative suppression was diminished as intermittent hypoxia became more severe, and a deleterious effect on endothelial function emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y K Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Grace Ge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - M L Fung
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
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27
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Cheng Y, Vanhoutte PM, Leung SWS. Apolipoprotein E favours the blunting by high-fat diet of prostacyclin receptor activation in the mouse aorta. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3453-3469. [PMID: 29859010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO-mediated, endothelium-dependent relaxations of isolated arteries are blunted by ageing and high-fat diets, as well as by apolipoprotein E deletion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein E deletion impairs endothelium-dependent responses to prostacyclin (IP) receptor activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Five-week-old ApoE+/+ and ApoE-/- mice were fed normal chow or high-fat diet for 29 weeks. The aortae were isolated for the measurements of isometric tension in Halpern-Mulvany myographs. Levels of proteins were assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and cyclic nucleotide levels by elisa. KEY RESULTS The IP receptor agonist, iloprost, induced endothelium-, NO-synthase- and IP-dependent relaxations in aortae of young ApoE+/+ mice. High-fat diet favoured activation of thromboxane receptors by iloprost, causing contraction. Apolipoprotein E was present in aortae of ApoE+/+ mice, especially in endothelium. Its presence was augmented by high-fat diet. Its deletion potentiated iloprost-induced relaxations in aortae of young mice and prevented the blunting of this response by high-fat diet. Levels of cAMP were higher, but those of cGMP were lower in the aorta of ApoE-/- than in ApoE+/+ mice of the same age. The levels of IP receptor protein were not different between ApoE+/+ and ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Iloprost induced an endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of young healthy mice which involved both the cGMP and cAMP pathways. This response was blunted by prolonged exposure to a high-fat diet. Apolipoprotein E deletion potentiated relaxations to IP receptor activation, independently of age and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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28
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Zhang C, Chiu KY, Chan BPM, Li T, Wen C, Xu A, Yan CH. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) alleviates osteoarthritis induced by high-fat diet in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:824-833. [PMID: 29549054 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adipokines play roles in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a novel adipokine that is closely associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to discover the potential role of FABP4 in OA. METHODS Seventy-two FABP4 knockout mice (KO) in C57BL/6N background and wild-type littermates (WT) (male, 6-week-old) were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calorie) or standard diet (STD, 11.6% calorie) for 3 months, 6 months and 9 months (n = 6 each). In the parallel study, forty-eight 6-week-old male WT mice were fed with HFD or STD, and simultaneously treated with daily oral gavage of selective FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 (15 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 4 months and 6 months (n = 6 each). Serum FABP4 and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration was quantified. Histological assessment of knee OA and micro-CT analysis of subchondral bone were performed. RESULTS HFD induced obesity in mice. After 3 months and 6 months of HFD, KO mice showed alleviated cartilage degradation and synovitis, with significantly lower COMP, modified Mankin OA score, and MMP-13/ADAMTS4 expression. After 6 months and 9 months of HFD, KO mice showed less osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. Chronic treatment of BMS309403 for 4 months and 6 months significantly alleviated cartilage degradation, but had no effects on the subchondral bone. Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 did not have significant effects on lean mice fed with STD. CONCLUSIONS Knocking out or pharmaceutical inhibition of FABP4 alleviates OA induced by HFD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - K Y Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - B P M Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - T Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - C Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - A Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - C H Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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29
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Hwangbo C, Wu J, Papangeli I, Adachi T, Sharma B, Park S, Zhao L, Ju H, Go GW, Cui G, Inayathullah M, Job JK, Rajadas J, Kwei SL, Li MO, Morrison AR, Quertermous T, Mani A, Red-Horse K, Chun HJ. Endothelial APLNR regulates tissue fatty acid uptake and is essential for apelin's glucose-lowering effects. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/407/eaad4000. [PMID: 28904225 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus continues to pose an important clinical challenge, with most existing therapies lacking demonstrable ability to improve cardiovascular outcomes. The atheroprotective peptide apelin (APLN) enhances glucose utilization and improves insulin sensitivity. However, the mechanism of these effects remains poorly defined. We demonstrate that the expression of APLNR (APJ/AGTRL1), the only known receptor for apelin, is predominantly restricted to the endothelial cells (ECs) of multiple adult metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Conditional endothelial-specific deletion of Aplnr (AplnrECKO ) resulted in markedly impaired glucose utilization and abrogation of apelin-induced glucose lowering. Furthermore, we identified inactivation of Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and inhibition of endothelial expression of fatty acid (FA) binding protein 4 (FABP4) as key downstream signaling targets of apelin/APLNR signaling. Both the Apln-/- and AplnrECKO mice demonstrated increased endothelial FABP4 expression and excess tissue FA accumulation, whereas concurrent endothelial Foxo1 deletion or pharmacologic FABP4 inhibition rescued the excess FA accumulation phenotype of the Apln-/- mice. The impaired glucose utilization in the AplnrECKO mice was associated with excess FA accumulation in the skeletal muscle. Treatment of these mice with an FABP4 inhibitor abrogated these metabolic phenotypes. These findings provide mechanistic insights that could greatly expand the therapeutic repertoire for type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Hwangbo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Irinna Papangeli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Takaomi Adachi
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Saejeong Park
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lina Zhao
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hyekyung Ju
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Gwang-Woong Go
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mohammed Inayathullah
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Judith K Job
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jayakumar Rajadas
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Stephanie L Kwei
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alan R Morrison
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hyung J Chun
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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30
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Yan F, Shen N, Pang JX, Zhao N, Zhang YW, Bode AM, Al-Kali A, Litzow MR, Li B, Liu SJ. A vicious loop of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and DNA methyltransferase 1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia and acts as a therapeutic target. Leukemia 2018; 32:865-873. [PMID: 28993705 PMCID: PMC5871544 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation mediated by deregulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) is a key hallmark of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet efforts to target DNMT deregulation for drug development have lagged. We previously demonstrated that upregulation of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) promotes AML aggressiveness through enhanced DNMT1-dependent DNA methylation. Here, we demonstrate that FABP4 upregulation in AML cells occurs through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, thus elucidating a crucial FABP4-DNMT1 regulatory feedback loop in AML biology. We show that FABP4 dysfunction by its selective inhibitor BMS309403 leads to downregulation of DNMT1, decrease of global DNA methylation and re-expression of p15INK4B tumor suppressor gene by promoter DNA hypomethylation in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. Functionally, BMS309403 suppresses cell colony formation, induces cell differentiation, and, importantly, impairs leukemic disease progression in mouse models of leukemia. Our findings highlight AML-promoting properties of the FABP4-DNMT1 vicious loop, and identify an attractive class of therapeutic agents with a high potential for clinical use in AML patients. The results will also assist in establishing the FABP4-DNMT1 loop as a target for therapeutic discovery to enhance the index of current epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yan
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - N Shen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - JX Pang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - N Zhao
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - YW Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - AM Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - A Al-Kali
- Hematology Division, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - MR Litzow
- Hematology Division, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - SJ Liu
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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31
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Wong KHK, Cai Y, Ying F, Chen X, Vanhoutte PM, Tang EHC. Deletion of Rap1 disrupts redox balance and impairs endothelium-dependent relaxations. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 115:1-9. [PMID: 29277598 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Repressor activator protein 1 (Rap1) is conventionally known as a static structural component of the telomere, but recent evidence indicates that it exerts functions within and outside the nucleus taking part in metabolic regulation and promoting inflammatory responses. The present study investigated whether or not Rap1 deletion affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in the vascular wall, thus modulating endothelial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular responsiveness was studied in wire myographs in aortae from Rap1 wildtype and knockout mice. Deletion of Rap1 impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations elicited by acetylcholine. Rap1 deficiency did not affect the activation of endothelial NO synthase or the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle to NO donors. The blunted acetylcholine-mediated relaxations in Rap1 deficient aortae were restored with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitors, apocynin or VAS2870. Rap1 deletion lowered cellular thiol-redox status and diminished activities of thiol-redox enzymes, thioredoxin 1 and glutaredoxin 1. CONCLUSIONS The capacity of thioredoxin 1 and glutaredoxin 1 to reduce intra-protein disulfide bridges is weakened in Rap1 deficient mice, resulting in hyper-activation of NADPH oxidase and greater reactive oxygen species generation. The high oxidative stress in Rap1 deficient mice is implicated with greater oxidative breakdown of NO, explaining the blunted acetylcholine-mediated relaxations in this animal. These findings imply that Rap1 plays an unanticipated role in regulating the fate of NO (a pivotal determinant of vascular homeostasis) and thus identify a new physiological importance of the telomere-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anaethesiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fan Ying
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eva H C Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Fenugreek supplementation during high-fat feeding improves specific markers of metabolic health. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12770. [PMID: 28986580 PMCID: PMC5630574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the metabolically beneficial effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), C57BL/6J mice were fed a low- or high-fat diet for 16 weeks with or without 2% (w/w) fenugreek supplementation. Body weight, body composition, energy expenditure, food intake, and insulin/glucose tolerance were measured regularly, and tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analysis after 16 weeks of diet exposure. Fenugreek did not alter body weight, fat mass, or food intake in either group, but did transiently improve glucose tolerance in high fat-fed mice. Fenugreek also significantly improved high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios in high fat-fed mice without affecting circulating total cholesterol, triglycerides, or glycerol levels. Fenugreek decreased hepatic expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 and increased subcutaneous inguinal adipose tissue expression of adiponectin, but did not prevent hepatic steatosis. Notably, fenugreek was not as effective at improving glucose tolerance as was four days of voluntary wheel running. Overall, our results demonstrate that fenugreek promotes metabolic resiliency via significant and selected effects on glucose regulation, hyperlipidemia, and adipose pathology; but may not be as effective as behavioral modifications at preventing the adverse metabolic consequences of a high fat diet.
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Floresta G, Pistarà V, Amata E, Dichiara M, Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Rescifina A. Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) inhibitors. A comprehensive systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:854-873. [PMID: 28738306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) have attracted interest following the recent publications of beneficial pharmacological effects of these compounds. FABP4 is predominantly expressed in macrophages and adipose tissue where it regulates fatty acids (FAs) storage and lipolysis and is an important mediator of inflammation. In the past years, hundreds FABP4 inhibitors have been synthesized for effective atherosclerosis and diabetes treatments, including derivatives of niacin, quinoxaline, aryl-quinoline, bicyclic pyridine, urea, aromatic compounds and other novel heterocyclic compounds. This review provides an overview of the synthesized and discovered molecules as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 inhibitors (FABP4is) since the synthesis of the putative FABP4i, BMS309403, highlighting the interactions of the different classes of inhibitors with the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Floresta
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Orazio Prezzavento
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, V.le A. Doria, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Sfyri P, Matsakas A. Crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis, western-type diet and skeletal muscle pathophysiology: emphasis on apolipoprotein E deficiency and peripheral arterial disease. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:42. [PMID: 28688452 PMCID: PMC5502081 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process that, in the presence of hyperlipidaemia, promotes the formation of atheromatous plaques in large vessels of the cardiovascular system. It also affects peripheral arteries with major implications for a number of other non-vascular tissues such as the skeletal muscle, the liver and the kidney. The aim of this review is to critically discuss and assimilate current knowledge on the impact of peripheral atherosclerosis and its implications on skeletal muscle homeostasis. Accumulating data suggests that manifestations of peripheral atherosclerosis in skeletal muscle originates in a combination of increased i)-oxidative stress, ii)-inflammation, iii)-mitochondrial deficits, iv)-altered myofibre morphology and fibrosis, v)-chronic ischemia followed by impaired oxygen supply, vi)-reduced capillary density, vii)- proteolysis and viii)-apoptosis. These structural, biochemical and pathophysiological alterations impact on skeletal muscle metabolic and physiologic homeostasis and its capacity to generate force, which further affects the individual's quality of life. Particular emphasis is given on two major areas representing basic and applied science respectively: a)-the abundant evidence from a well-recognised atherogenic model; the Apolipoprotein E deficient mouse and the role of a western-type diet and b)-on skeletal myopathy and oxidative stress-induced myofibre damage from human studies on peripheral arterial disease. A significant source of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease is the family of NADPH oxidases that contribute to several pathologies. Finally, strategies targeting NADPH oxidases in skeletal muscle in an attempt to attenuate cellular oxidative stress are highlighted, providing a better understanding of the crossroads between peripheral atherosclerosis and skeletal muscle pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Sfyri
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Antonios Matsakas
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Centre for Atherothrombotic & Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Rodríguez-Calvo R, Girona J, Alegret JM, Bosquet A, Ibarretxe D, Masana L. Role of the fatty acid-binding protein 4 in heart failure and cardiovascular disease. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R173-R184. [PMID: 28420707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues are major contributors to heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes act as endocrine organs by releasing a large number of bioactive molecules into the bloodstream, which participate in a communication network between white adipose tissue and other organs, including the heart. Among these molecules, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) has recently been shown to increase cardiometabolic risk. Both clinical and experimental evidence have identified FABP4 as a relevant player in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and it has been directly related to cardiac alterations such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and both systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction. The available interventional studies preclude the establishment of a direct causal role of this molecule in CVD and HF and propose FABP4 as a biomarker rather than as an aetiological factor. However, several experimental reports have suggested that FABP4 may act as a direct contributor to cardiac metabolism and physiopathology, and the pharmacological targeting of FABP4 may restore some of the metabolic alterations that are conducive to CVD and HF. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding FABP4 in the context of HF and CVD as well as the molecular basis by which this protein participates in the regulation of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Alegret
- Department of CardiologyCardiovascular Research Group, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Daiana Ibarretxe
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism UnitResearch Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, 'Sant Joan' University Hospital, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Reus, Spain
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Vasculo-protective effect of BMS-309403 is independent of its specific inhibition of fatty acid-binding protein 4. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1177-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Shu L, Hoo RLC, Wu X, Pan Y, Lee IPC, Cheong LY, Bornstein SR, Rong X, Guo J, Xu A. A-FABP mediates adaptive thermogenesis by promoting intracellular activation of thyroid hormones in brown adipocytes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14147. [PMID: 28128199 PMCID: PMC5290165 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipokine adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) has been implicated in obesity-related cardio-metabolic complications. Here we show that A-FABP increases thermogenesis by promoting the conversion of T4 to T3 in brown adipocytes. We find that A-FABP levels are increased in both white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues and the bloodstream in response to thermogenic stimuli. A-FABP knockout mice have reduced thermogenesis and whole-body energy expenditure after cold stress or after feeding a high-fat diet, which can be reversed by infusion of recombinant A-FABP. Mechanistically, A-FABP induces the expression of type-II iodothyronine deiodinase in BAT via inhibition of the nuclear receptor liver X receptor α, thereby leading to the conversion of thyroid hormone from its inactive form T4 to active T3. The thermogenic responses to T4 are abrogated in A-FABP KO mice, but enhanced by A-FABP. Thus, A-FABP acts as a physiological stimulator of BAT-mediated adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruby L. C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ida P. C. Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Xianglu Rong
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong and Hong Kong on Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Autieri MV. Adipose inflammation at the heart of vascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2101-2104. [PMID: 27729474 PMCID: PMC6339250 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue is a primary site of chronic inflammation in obesity and may contribute to systemic inflammation and development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Few studies identify molecular mechanisms and secretory pathways which mediate this process. In this edition of Clinical Science, Kwok et al. utilize a transgenic mouse in which dominant-negative c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (dnJNK) expression is restricted to adipose tissue to implicate JNK-driven expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) in visceral adipose tissue as a key secretory pathway to exacerbate development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. They further demonstrate that ApoE-/- mice transplanted with visceral adipose tissue in which JNK has been inactivated display less systemic inflammation and develop significantly less atherosclerosis compared with control mice. Together, the findings of the present study reinforce our understanding of visceral adipose tissue as a secretory organ and the importance of the JNK/A-FABP pathway in mediating adipose vascular cross-talk and exacerbation of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, U.S.A.
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40
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Adipose-specific inactivation of JNK alleviates atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2087-2100. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Both atherosclerosis and obesity, an independent atherosclerotic risk factor, are associated with enhanced systemic inflammation. Obesity is also characterized by increased adipose tissue inflammation. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the accelerated atherosclerosis in obesity remains unclear. In obesity, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) contributes to adipose tissue inflammation. The present study investigated whether the suppression of fat inflammation through adipose-specific JNK inactivation could protect against atherosclerosis in mice. ApoE−/− mice were cross-bred with transgenic mice with adipose-specific expression of a dominant negative form of JNK (dnJNK) to generate apoE−/−/dnJNK (ADJ) mice. ADJ mice treated with a high-fat–high-cholesterol diet exhibited significant attenuations of visceral fat and systemic inflammation without changes in lipid or glucose metabolism, and were protected against atherosclerosis, when compared with apoE−/− mice. Lean apoE−/− mice that received transplantation of visceral fat from obese wild-type donor mice for 4 weeks showed exacerbated systemic inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Conversely, apoE−/− recipients carrying a visceral fat graft from obese dnJNK donors were protected against enhanced systemic inflammation and atherogenesis. The beneficial effects of adipose-specific JNK inactivation on atherogenesis in apoE−/− recipients were significantly compromised by continuous infusion of recombinant adipocyte–fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), previously shown to interact with JNK via a positive feedback loop to modulate inflammatory responses. Together these data suggested that enhanced atherosclerosis in obesity can be attributed, at least in part, to a distant cross-talk between visceral fat and the vasculature, mediated by the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as A-FABP, from the inflamed visceral adipose tissue with JNK activation.
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Kühne H, Obst-Sander U, Kuhn B, Conte A, Ceccarelli SM, Neidhart W, Rudolph MG, Ottaviani G, Gasser R, So SS, Li S, Zhang X, Gao L, Myers M. Design and synthesis of selective, dual fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5092-5097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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Zhou M, Bao Y, Li H, Pan Y, Shu L, Xia Z, Wu D, Lam K, Vanhoutte P, Xu A, Jia W, Hoo RC. Deficiency of adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein alleviates myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:547-559. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that circulating levels of adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (A-FABP) are elevated in patients with diabetes and closely associated with ischaemic heart disease. Patients with diabetes are more susceptible to myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. The experiments in the present study investigated the role of A-FABP in MI/R injury with or without diabetes. Non-diabetic and diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) A-FABP knockout and wild-type mice were subjected to MI/R or sham intervention. After MI/R, A-FABP knockout mice exhibited reductions in myocardial infarct size, apoptotic index, oxidative and nitrative stress, and inflammation. These reductions were accompanied by an improved left ventricular function compared with the relative controls under non-diabetic or diabetic conditions. After diabetes induction, A-FABP knockout mice exhibited a preserved cardiac function compared with that in wild-type mice. Endothelial cells, but not cardiomyocytes, were identified as the most likely source of cardiac A-FABP. Cardiac and circulating A-FABP levels were significantly increased in mice with diabetes or MI/R. Diabetes-induced superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in wild-type mice, but diminished in A-FABP knockout mice, and this elevation contributed to the exaggeration of MI/R-induced cardiac injury. Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) were enhanced in both diabetic and non-diabetic A-FABP knockout mice after MI/R injury, but diminished in wild-type mice. The beneficial effects of A-FABP deficiency on MI/R injury were abolished by the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Thus, A-FABP deficiency protects mice against MI/R-induced and/or diabetes-induced cardiac injury at least partially through activation of the eNOS/NO pathway and reduction in superoxide anion production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lingling Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karen S.L. Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruby L.-C. Hoo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Abstract
Intracellular and extracellular interactions with proteins enables the functional and mechanistic diversity of lipids. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) were originally described as intracellular proteins that can affect lipid fluxes, metabolism and signalling within cells. As the functions of this protein family have been further elucidated, it has become evident that they are critical mediators of metabolism and inflammatory processes, both locally and systemically, and therefore are potential therapeutic targets for immunometabolic diseases. In particular, genetic deficiency and small molecule-mediated inhibition of FABP4 (also known as aP2) and FABP5 can potently improve glucose homeostasis and reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models. Further research has shown that in addition to their intracellular roles, some FABPs are found outside the cells, and FABP4 undergoes regulated, vesicular secretion. The circulating form of FABP4 has crucial hormonal functions in systemic metabolism. In this Review we discuss the roles and regulation of both intracellular and extracellular FABP actions, highlighting new insights that might direct drug discovery efforts and opportunities for management of chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Bernlohr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Saavedra P, Girona J, Bosquet A, Guaita S, Canela N, Aragonès G, Heras M, Masana L. New insights into circulating FABP4: Interaction with cytokeratin 1 on endothelial cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2966-74. [PMID: 26343611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipose tissue-secreted adipokine that is involved in the regulation of energetic metabolism and inflammation. Increased levels of circulating FABP4 have been detected in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 has a direct effect on peripheral tissues, specifically promoting vascular dysfunction; however, its mechanism of action is unknown. The objective of this work was to assess the specific interactions between exogenous FABP4 and the plasma membranes of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence assays showed that exogenous FABP4 localized along the plasma membranes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), interacting specifically with plasma membrane proteins. Anti-FABP4 immunoblotting revealed two covalent protein complexes containing FABP4 and its putative receptor; these complexes were approximately 108 kDa and 77 kDa in size. Proteomics and mass spectrometry experiments revealed that cytokeratin 1 (CK1) was the FABP4-binding protein. An anti-CK1 immunoblot confirmed the presence of CK1. FABP4-CK1 complexes were also detected in HAECs, HCASMCs, HepG2 cells and THP-1 cells. Pharmacological FABP4 inhibition by BMS309403 results in a slight decrease in the formation of these complexes, indicating that fatty acids may play a role in FABP4 functionality. In addition, we demonstrated that exogenous FABP4 crosses the plasma membrane to enter the cytoplasm and nucleus in HUVECs. These findings indicate that exogenous FABP4 interacts with plasma membrane proteins, specifically CK1. These data contribute to our current knowledge regarding the mechanism of action of circulating FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Sandra Guaita
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omics Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Gemma Aragonès
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Mercedes Heras
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, IISPV, CIBERDEM, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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46
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Tsai JP, Wang JH, Lee CJ, Chen YC, Hsu BG. Positive correlation of serum adipocyte fatty acid binding protein levels with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in geriatric population. BMC Geriatr 2015. [PMID: 26205896 PMCID: PMC4513955 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) is a novel fat-derived circulating protein, which is independently and positively associated with atherosclerosis. The present study evaluated the relationship between fasting serum A-FABP and central arterial stiffness in geriatric adults. Methods Fasting blood samples were obtained from 87 geriatric patients and the serum A-FABP levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was determined using the SphygmoCor system. cfPWV values of >10 m/s represented the high arterial stiffness group, while values ≤10 m/s defined the low arterial stiffness group. Results High arterial stiffness group comprised of 42 geriatric adults (48.3 %). When compared to those in the low arterial stiffness group, the high arterial stiffness group had a higher rate of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.044) and hypertension (P = 0.043). Body weight (P = 0.027), waist circumference (P = 0.035), body mass index (P = 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.045), pulse pressure (P = 0.038), and serum A-FABP level (P < 0.001) were also higher in the high arterial stiffness group than in the low arterial stiffness group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the factors significantly associated with arterial stiffness revealed that A-FABP (odds ratio: 1.833, 95 % confidence interval 1.123–2.993, P = 0.015) was an independent predictor of arterial stiffness in geriatric adults. Conclusions Serum A-FABP levels constitute a major risk factor in the development of central arterial stiffness in the geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Pi Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Dalin Branch, Chia-Yi, Taiwan. .,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Ji-Hung Wang
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi College of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. .,Division of Nephrology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, No. 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97002, Taiwan.
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Furuhashi M, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4): Pathophysiological Insights and Potent Clinical Biomarker of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2015; 8:23-33. [PMID: 25674026 PMCID: PMC4315049 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s17067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, evidences of an integration of metabolic and inflammatory pathways, referred to as metaflammation in several aspects of metabolic syndrome, have been accumulating. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), also known as adipocyte FABP (A-FABP) or aP2, is mainly expressed in adipocytes and macrophages and plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in relation to metaflammation. Despite lack of a typical secretory signal peptide, FABP4 has been shown to be released from adipocytes in a non-classical pathway associated with lipolysis, possibly acting as an adipokine. Elevation of circulating FABP4 levels is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular events. Furthermore, ectopic expression and function of FABP4 in several types of cells and tissues have been recently demonstrated. Here, we discuss both the significant role of FABP4 in pathophysiological insights and its usefulness as a biomarker of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Medical and Behavioral Subjects, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Tanaka M, Furuhashi M, Okazaki Y, Mita T, Fuseya T, Ohno K, Ishimura S, Yoshida H, Miura T. Ectopic expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in the glomerulus is associated with proteinuria and renal dysfunction. Nephron Clin Pract 2015; 128:345-51. [PMID: 25592475 DOI: 10.1159/000368412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of intracellular lipid chaperones. Among FABPs, FABP1 (liver FABP) is expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney, and urinary FABP1 has been reported to reflect damage of proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, roles of other FABP isoforms in renal pathologies have not been reported. Recently, FABP4 (adipocyte FABP/aP2) was reported to be expressed in peritubular capillaries (PTCs), but not in glomerular capillaries in the normal kidney. We examined the hypothesis that pathological conditions alter the level and localization of FABP4 expression in the kidney, which mediates renal dysfunction. METHODS A total of 112 consecutive patients who underwent renal biopsy were retrospectively enrolled. Expression of FABP4 protein and mRNA in the kidney was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. The ratio of FABP4-positive area to total area within glomeruli (G-FABP4-Area), urinary protein level (U-Protein), and change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 1 year after biopsy were examined. RESULTS FABP4 protein and mRNA were expressed not only in PTCs, but also in endothelial cells and macrophages in the glomerulus. G-FABP4-Area was correlated with U-Protein (r = 0.497, p < 0.001). As a subanalysis, in patients with IgA nephropathy (n = 34), G-FABP4-Area was significantly larger in cases with an endocapillary proliferative lesion, and change in eGFR was negatively correlated with G-FABP4-Area at baseline (r = -0.537, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Ectopic FABP4 expression in the glomerulus is induced by renal diseases and is closely associated with proteinuria and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Okazaki Y, Furuhashi M, Tanaka M, Mita T, Fuseya T, Ishimura S, Watanabe Y, Hoshina K, Akasaka H, Ohnishi H, Yoshida H, Saitoh S, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Urinary excretion of fatty acid-binding protein 4 is associated with albuminuria and renal dysfunction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115429. [PMID: 25506691 PMCID: PMC4266652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4/A-FABP/aP2) is expressed in not only adipocytes and macrophages but also peritubular capillaries in the normal kidney. We recently demonstrated that ectopic expression of FABP4, but not FABP1 known as liver FABP (L-FABP), in the glomerulus is associated with progression of proteinuria and renal dysfunction. However, urinary excretion of FABP4 has not been investigated. Methods Subjects who participated in the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a study with a population-based cohort design, in 2011 (n = 392, male/female: 166/226) were enrolled. Urinary FABP4 (U-FABP4) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured. Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was followed up one year later. Results In 93 (23.7%) of the 392 subjects, U-FABP4 level was below the sensitivity of the assay. Subjects with undetectable U-FABP4 were younger and had lower UACR and higher eGFR levels than subjects with measurable U-FABP4. U-FABP4 level was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure and levels of serum FABP4 (S-FABP4), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), urinary FABP1 (U-FABP1) and UACR (r = 0.360, p<0.001). Age, S-FABP4, U-FABP1 and UACR were independent predictors of U-FABP4. On the other hand, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c and U-FABP4 were independently correlated with UACR. Reduction in eGFR after one year was significantly larger in a group with the highest tertile of baseline U-FABP4 than a group with the lowest tertile. Conclusions Urinary FABP4 level is independently correlated with level of albuminuria and possibly predicts yearly decline of eGFR. U-FABP4 would be a novel biomarker of glomerular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mita
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fuseya
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shutaro Ishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshina
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Medical and Behavioral Subjects, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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50
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Wu G, Li H, Zhou M, Fang Q, Bao Y, Xu A, Jia W. Mechanism and clinical evidence of lipocalin-2 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein linking obesity and atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:447-56. [PMID: 24214285 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a chronic inflammatory state in which the dysfunction of adipose tissue plays a central role. The adipokines, which are cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, are key links between obesity and related diseases such as metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. LCN2 and A-FABP, both of which are major adipokines predominantly produced in adipose tissue, have recently been shown to be pivotal modulators of vascular function. However, different adipokines modulate the development of atherosclerosis in distinctive manners, which are partly attributable to their unique regulatory mechanisms and functions. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of two adipokines in mediating chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, China; Department of Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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