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Kong L, Li J, Bai Y, Xu S, Zhang L, Chen W, Gao L, Wang F. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances the dentin-pulp complex regeneration mediated by crosstalk between vascular endothelial cells and dental pulp stem cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:61. [PMID: 38229161 PMCID: PMC10790489 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Revascularization and restoration of normal pulp-dentin complex are important for tissue-engineered pulp regeneration. Recently, a unique periodontal tip-like endothelial cells subtype (POTCs) specialized to dentinogenesis was identified. We have confirmed that TPPU, a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor targeting epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) metabolism, promotes bone growth and regeneration by angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling. We hypothesized that TPPU could also promote revascularization and induce POTCs to contribute to pulp-dentin complex regeneration. Here, we in vitro and in vivo characterized the potential effect of TPPU on the coupling of angiogenesis and odontogenesis and investigated the relevant mechanism, providing new ideas for pulp-dentin regeneration by targeting sEH. METHODS In vitro effects of TPPU on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cocultured DPSCs and HUVECs were detected using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay, wound healing, transwell, tube formation and RT-qPCR. In vivo, Matrigel plug assay was performed to outline the roles of TPPU in revascularization and survival of grafts. Then we characterized the VEGFR2 + POTCs around odontoblast layer in the molar of pups from C57BL/6 female mice gavaged with TPPU. Finally, the root segments with DPSCs mixed with Matrigel were implanted subcutaneously in BALB/c nude mice treated with TPPU and the root grafts were isolated for histological staining. RESULTS In vitro, TPPU significantly promoted the migration and tube formation capability of cocultured DPSCs and HUVECs. ALP and ARS staining and RT-qPCR showed that TPPU promoted the osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation of cultured cells, treatment with an anti-TGF-β blocking antibody abrogated this effect. Knockdown of HIF-1α in HUVECs significantly reversed the effect of TPPU on the expression of angiogenesis, osteogenesis and odontogenesis-related genes in cocultured cells. Matrigel plug assay showed that TPPU increased VEGF/VEGFR2-expressed cells in transplanted grafts. TPPU contributed to angiogenic-odontogenic coupling featured by increased VEGFR2 + POTCs and odontoblast maturation during early dentinogenesis in molar of newborn pups from C57BL/6 female mice gavaged with TPPU. TPPU induced more dental pulp-like tissue with more vessels and collagen fibers in transplanted root segment. CONCLUSIONS TPPU promotes revascularization of dental pulp regeneration by enhancing migration and angiogenesis of HUVECs, and improves odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs by TGF-β. TPPU boosts the angiogenic-odontogenic coupling by enhancing VEGFR2 + POTCs meditated odontoblast maturation partly via upregulating HIF-1α, which contributes to increasing pulp-dentin complex for tissue-engineered pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwenyao Kong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuwen Bai
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoyang Xu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixian Chen
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Fu Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Burmistrov VV, Morisseau C, Danilov DV, Gladkikh BP, D’yachenko VS, Zefirov NA, Zefirova ON, Butov GM, Hammock BD. Fluorine and chlorine substituted adamantyl-urea as molecular tools for inhibition of human soluble epoxide hydrolase with picomolar efficacy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2274797. [PMID: 37975322 PMCID: PMC11003477 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2274797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Series of 1,3-disubstituted ureas and diadamantyl disubstituted diureas with fluorinated and chlorinated adamantane residues were shown to inhibit human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) with inhibition potency ranging from 40 pM to 9.2 nM. The measured IC50 values for some molecules were below the accuracy limit of the existing in vitro assays. Such an increase in activity was achieved by minimal structural modifications to the molecules of known inhibitors, including 4-[trans-4-(1-adamantylcarbamoylamino)cyclohexyl]oxybenzoic acid. For the chlorinated homologue of the latter the sharp jump in inhibitory activity can be (according to molecular dynamics data) the result of interactions - Cl-π interaction. Considering the extremely high inhibitory activity, acceptable solubility and partial blockage of metabolically sensitive centres in their structures, some compounds are of interest for further in vivo biotesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Burmistrov
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky, Russia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir S. D’yachenko
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikolay A. Zefirov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N. Zefirova
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady M. Butov
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky, Russia
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Yang H, Qi M, He Q, Hwang SH, Yang J, McCoy M, Morisseau C, Zhao S, Hammock BD. Quantification of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in experimental and clinical samples using the nanobody-based ELISA. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1013-1023. [PMID: 37842656 PMCID: PMC10568103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To ensure proper dosage of a drug, analytical quantification of it in biofluid is necessary. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the conventional method of choice as it permits accurate identification and quantification. However, it requires expensive instrumentation and is not appropriate for bedside use. Using soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors (EC5026 and TPPU) as examples, we report development of a nanobody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for such small molecules and its use to accurately quantify the drug chemicals in human samples. Under optimized conditions, two nanobody-based ELISAs were successfully established for EC5026 and TPPU with low limits of detection of 0.085 ng/mL and 0.31 ng/mL, respectively, and two order of magnitude linear ranges with high precision and accuracy. The assay was designed to detect parent and two biologically active metabolites in the investigation of a new drug candidate EC5026. In addition, the ELISAs displayed excellent correlation with LC-MS analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potency. The results indicate that nanobody-based ELISA methods can efficiently analyze drug like compounds. These methods could be easily implemented by the bedside, in the field in remote areas or in veterinary practice. This work illustrates that nanobody based assays offer alternative and supplementary analytical tools to mass spectrometry for monitoring small molecule medicines during clinical development and therapy. Attributes of nanobody based pharmaceutical assays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Meng Qi
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Langfang Normal University, Langfang, Hebei, 065000, China
| | - Qiyi He
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mark McCoy
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Favor OK, Chauhan PS, Pourmand E, Edwards AM, Wagner JG, Lewandowski RP, Heine LK, Harkema JR, Lee KSS, Pestka JJ. Lipidome modulation by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation or selective soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition suppresses rough LPS-accelerated glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124910. [PMID: 36875087 PMCID: PMC9978350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) in NZBWF1 mice is a preclinical model potentially applicable for investigating lipidome-modulating interventions against lupus. LPS can be expressed as one of two chemotypes: smooth LPS (S-LPS) or rough LPS (R-LPS) which is devoid of O-antigen polysaccharide sidechain. Since these chemotypes differentially affect toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated immune cell responses, these differences may influence GN induction. Methods We initially compared the effects of subchronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 5 wk with 1) Salmonella S-LPS, 2) Salmonella R-LPS, or 3) saline vehicle (VEH) (Study 1) in female NZBWF1 mice. Based on the efficacy of R-LPS in inducing GN, we next used it to compare the impact of two lipidome-modulating interventions, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, on GN (Study 2). Specifically, effects of consuming ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10 g/kg diet) and/or the sEH inhibitor 1-(4-trifluoro-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) (22.5 mg/kg diet ≈ 3 mg/kg/day) on R-LPS triggering were compared. Results In Study 1, R-LPS induced robust elevations in blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, and hematuria that were not evident in VEH- or S-LPS-treated mice. R-LPS-treated mice further exhibited kidney histopathology including robust hypertrophy, hyperplasia, thickened membranes, lymphocytic accumulation containing B and T cells, and glomerular IgG deposition consistent with GN that was not evident in VEH- or SLPS-treated groups. R-LPS but not S-LPS induced spleen enlargement with lymphoid hyperplasia and inflammatory cell recruitment in the liver. In Study 2, resultant blood fatty acid profiles and epoxy fatty acid concentrations reflected the anticipated DHA- and TPPU-mediated lipidome changes, respectively. The relative rank order of R-LPS-induced GN severity among groups fed experimental diets based on proteinuria, hematuria, histopathologic scoring, and glomerular IgG deposition was: VEH/CON< R-LPS/DHA ≈ R-LPS/TPPU<<< R-LPS/TPPU+DHA ≈ R-LPS/CON. In contrast, these interventions had modest-to- negligible effects on R-LPS-induced splenomegaly, plasma antibody responses, liver inflammation, and inflammation-associated kidney gene expression. Discussion We show for the first time that absence of O-antigenic polysaccharide in R-LPS is critical to accelerated GN in lupus-prone mice. Furthermore, intervention by lipidome modulation through DHA feeding or sEH inhibition suppressed R-LPS-induced GN; however, these ameliorative effects were greatly diminished upon combining the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Preeti S. Chauhan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Elham Pourmand
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Angel M. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James G. Wagner
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ryan P. Lewandowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lauren K. Heine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jack R. Harkema
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Han WW, Wang XR, He YF, Zhang HS, Cong X, Xiang RL, Wu LL, Yu GY, Liu LM, Zhang Y. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, t-AUCB, improves salivary gland function by ameliorating endothelial injury. Life Sci 2022; 308:120942. [PMID: 36096247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (t-AUCB) has been used in the experimental therapy of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate whether the secretion of submandibular glands (SMGs) altered in renal hypertensive rats, and to explore whether t-AUCB could improve the salivary secretion. MAIN METHODS 2-kidney 1-clip Sprague-Dawley rats were used as renal hypertensive animals. t-AUCB treatment was given for 1 week after 8 weeks modeling. Blood pressure, blood perfusion and the secretion of SMGs, and endothelium-dependent relaxation of external maxillary artery were measured to investigate the effects of t-AUCB on the vascular tone and the secretion of SMGs in renal hypertensive rats. SMGs were collected for histological evaluation and the internal arteries were dissected for primary endothelial cells culture. KEY FINDINGS The blood perfusion and flow rate of SMGs in the renal hypertensive rats were significantly lower than those in the controls. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of the external maxillary artery and AMPK/Akt/eNOS signaling was impaired in hypertensive rats. The glandular morphology and the concentration of salivary ions did not change obviously. t-AUCB treatment ameliorated the secretion of SMGs, the blood perfusion, and the dysfunction of endothelium-dependent relaxation of the external maxillary artery by activating the AMPK/Akt/eNOS pathway in hypertensive rats. SIGNIFICANCE t-AUCB increases the blood perfusion through ameliorating dysfunction of endothelium-dependent relaxation of SMGs arteries and thus improves the hyposecretion of SMGs in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Shu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Lan Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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El-Sherbeni AA, Bhatti R, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Identifying simultaneous matrix metalloproteinases/soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:877-884. [PMID: 35067781 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) have completely unrelated biological functions; however, their dysregulation produce similar effects on biological systems. Based on the similarity in the reported structural requirements for their inhibition, the current study aimed to identify a simultaneous inhibitor for MMP and sEH. Six compounds were identified as potential simultaneous MMP/sEH inhibitors and tested for their capacity to inhibit MMP and sEH. Inhibition of MMP and sEH activity using their endogenous and exogenous substrates was measured by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, spectrophotometry, and zymography. Two compounds, CTK8G1143 and ONO-4817, were identified to inhibit both MMP and sEH activity. CTK8G1143 and ONO-4817 inhibited the recombinant human sEH activity by an average of 67.4% and 55.2%, respectively. The IC50 values for CTK8G1143 and ONO-4817 to inhibit recombinant human sEH were 5.2 and 3.5 µM, respectively, whereas their maximal inhibition values were 71.4% and 42.8%, respectively. Also, MMP and sEH activity of human cardiomyocytes were simultaneously inhibited by CTK8G1143 and ONO-4817. Regarding other compounds, they showed either MMP or sEH inhibitory activity but not both. In conclusion, these two simultaneous inhibitors of MMP and sEH could provide a promising intervention for the prevention and control of several diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El-Sherbeni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rabia Bhatti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Fadumo A Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2142J Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Potjewyd FM, Annor‐Gyamfi JK, Aubé J, Chu S, Conlon IL, Frankowski KJ, Guduru SKR, Hardy BP, Hopkins MD, Kinoshita C, Kireev DB, Mason ER, Moerk CT, Nwogbo F, Pearce KH, Richardson TI, Rogers DA, Soni DM, Stashko M, Wang X, Wells C, Willson TM, Frye SV, Young JE, Axtman AD. Use of AD Informer Set compounds to explore validity of novel targets in Alzheimer's disease pathology. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2022; 8:e12253. [PMID: 35434254 PMCID: PMC9005681 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A chemogenomic set of small molecules with annotated activities and implicated roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) called the AD Informer Set was recently developed and made available to the AD research community: https://treatad.org/data‐tools/ad‐informer‐set/. Methods Small subsets of AD Informer Set compounds were selected for AD‐relevant profiling. Nine compounds targeting proteins expressed by six AD‐implicated genes prioritized for study by Target Enablement to Accelerate Therapy Development for Alzheimer's Disease (TREAT‐AD) teams were selected for G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR), amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies. Four non‐overlapping compounds were analyzed in microglial cytotoxicity and phagocytosis assays. Results The nine compounds targeting CAPN2, EPHX2, MDK, MerTK/FLT3, or SYK proteins were profiled in 46 to 47 primary GPCR binding assays. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons were treated with the same nine compounds and secretion of Aβ peptides (Aβ40 and Aβ42) as well as levels of phosphophorylated tau (p‐tau, Thr231) and total tau (t‐tau) peptides measured at two concentrations and two timepoints. Finally, CD1 mice were dosed intravenously to determine preliminary PK and/or brain‐specific penetrance values for these compounds. As a final cell‐based study, a non‐overlapping subset of four compounds was selected based on single‐concentration screening for analysis of both cytotoxicity and phagocytosis in murine and human microglia cells. Discussion We have demonstrated the utility of the AD Informer Set in the validation of novel AD hypotheses using biochemical, cellular (primary and immortalized), and in vivo studies. The selectivity for their primary targets versus essential GPCRs in the brain was established for our compounds. Statistical changes in tau, p‐tau, Aβ40, and/or Aβ42 and blood–brain barrier penetrance were observed, solidifying the utility of specific compounds for AD. Single‐concentration phagocytosis results were validated as predictive of dose–response findings. These studies established workflows, validated assays, and illuminated next steps for protein targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M. Potjewyd
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Structural Genomics Consortium Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Joel K. Annor‐Gyamfi
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Structural Genomics Consortium Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Shaoyou Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Ivie L. Conlon
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kevin J. Frankowski
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Shiva K. R. Guduru
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Brian P. Hardy
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Megan D. Hopkins
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Chizuru Kinoshita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Dmitri B. Kireev
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emily R. Mason
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Charles T. Moerk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Felix Nwogbo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kenneth H. Pearce
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Timothy I. Richardson
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - David A. Rogers
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Disha M. Soni
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Michael Stashko
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Carrow Wells
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Structural Genomics Consortium Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Structural Genomics Consortium Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephen V. Frye
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica E. Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry Structural Genomics Consortium Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
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8
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Tian Y, Yuan X, Wang Y, Wu Q, Fang Y, Zhu Z, Song G, Xu L, Wang W, Xie M. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor attenuates BBB disruption and neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105197. [PMID: 34592333 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease with high mortality and morbidity. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the key enzyme in the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) signaling. sEH inhibition has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against multiple brain injuries. However, its role in the secondary injuries after ICH has not been fully elucidated. Here we tested the hypothesis that 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent and highly selective sEH inhibitor, suppresses inflammation and the secondary injuries after ICH. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a collagenase-induced ICH model. TPPU alleviated blood-brain barrier damage, inhibited inflammatory response, increased M2 polarization of microglial cells, reduced the infiltration of peripheral neutrophils. In addition, TPPU attenuated neuronal injury and promoted functional recovery. The results suggest that sEH may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Yongkang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Guini Song
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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9
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McReynolds CB, Yang J, Guedes A, Morisseau C, Garcia R, Knych H, Tearney C, Hamamoto B, Hwang SH, Wagner K, Hammock BD. Species Differences in Metabolism of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor, EC1728, Highlight the Importance of Clinically Relevant Screening Mechanisms in Drug Development. Molecules 2021; 26:5034. [PMID: 34443621 PMCID: PMC8399023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few novel therapeutic options available for companion animals, and medications rely heavily on repurposed drugs developed for other species. Considering the diversity of species and breeds in companion animal medicine, comprehensive PK exposures in the companion animal patient is often lacking. The purpose of this paper was to assess the pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous dosing in domesticated animal species (dogs, cats, and horses) of a novel soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, EC1728, being developed for the treatment of pain in animals. Results: Intravenous and oral administration revealed that bioavailability was similar for dogs, and horses (42 and 50% F) but lower in mice and cats (34 and 8%, respectively). Additionally, clearance was similar between cats and mice, but >2× faster in cats vs. dogs and horses. Efficacy with EC1728 has been demonstrated in mice, dogs, and horses, and despite the rapid clearance of EC1728 in cats, analgesic efficacy was demonstrated in an acute pain model after intravenous but not oral dosing. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that exposures across species can vary, and investigation of therapeutic exposures in target species is needed to provide adequate care that addresses efficacy and avoids toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy B. McReynolds
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alonso Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
| | - Roberto Garcia
- Dechra Development LLC, 1 Monument Sq, Portland, ME 04101, USA;
| | - Heather Knych
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.K.); (B.H.)
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Caitlin Tearney
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; (A.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Briana Hamamoto
- K.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.K.); (B.H.)
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (C.B.M.); (J.Y.); (C.M.); (S.H.H.); (K.W.)
- EicOsis, 1930 5th Street, Suite A, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Ghosh A, Comerota MM, Wan D, Chen F, Propson NE, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Zheng H. An epoxide hydrolase inhibitor reduces neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/573/eabb1206. [PMID: 33298560 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been increasingly recognized to play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) are derivatives of the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway and have anti-inflammatory activities. However, their efficacy is limited because of their rapid hydrolysis by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We report that sEH is predominantly expressed in astrocytes and is elevated in postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD and in the 5xFAD β amyloid mouse model of AD. The amount of sEH expressed in AD mouse brains correlated with a reduction in brain EpFA concentrations. Using a specific small-molecule sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), we report that TPPU treatment protected wild-type mice against LPS-induced inflammation in vivo. Long-term administration of TPPU to the 5xFAD mouse model via drinking water reversed microglia and astrocyte reactivity and immune pathway dysregulation. This was associated with reduced β amyloid pathology and improved synaptic integrity and cognitive function on two behavioral tests. TPPU treatment correlated with an increase in EpFA concentrations in the brains of 5xFAD mice, demonstrating brain penetration and target engagement of this small molecule. These findings support further investigation of TPPU as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Ghosh
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michele M Comerota
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCDMC Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fading Chen
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicholas E Propson
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCDMC Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCDMC Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Das Mahapatra A, Choubey R, Datta B. Small Molecule Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in Multitarget and Combination Therapies for Inflammation and Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235488. [PMID: 33255197 PMCID: PMC7727688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) plays a central role in metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. The substrate-specific hydrolase activity of sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to less bioactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. EETs exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardio-protective and organ-protective properties. Accordingly, sEH inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing a variety of diseases. In this review, we describe small molecule architectures that have been commonly deployed as sEH inhibitors with respect to angiogenesis, inflammation and cancer. We juxtapose commonly used synthetic scaffolds and natural products within the paradigm of a multitarget approach for addressing inflammation and inflammation induced carcinogenesis. Structural insights from the inhibitor complexes and novel strategies for development of sEH-based multitarget inhibitors are also presented. While sEH inhibition is likely to suppress inflammation-induced carcinogenesis, it can also lead to enhanced angiogenesis via increased EET concentrations. In this regard, sEH inhibitors in combination chemotherapy are described. Urea and amide-based architectures feature prominently across multitarget inhibition and combination chemotherapy applications of sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjyoti Das Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Rinku Choubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Bhaskar Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India; (A.D.M.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +079-2395-2073; Fax: +079-2397-2622
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12
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O'Brien CE, Santos PT, Kulikowicz E, Lee JK, Koehler RC, Martin LJ. Neurologic effects of short-term treatment with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor after cardiac arrest in pediatric swine. BMC Neurosci 2020; 21:43. [PMID: 33129262 PMCID: PMC7603774 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-020-00596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest (CA) is the most common cause of acute neurologic insult in children. Many survivors have significant neurocognitive deficits at 1 year of recovery. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are multifunctional endogenous lipid signaling molecules that are involved in brain pathobiology and may be therapeutically relevant. However, EETs are rapidly metabolized to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), limiting their bioavailability. We hypothesized that sEH inhibition would improve outcomes after CA in an infant swine model. Male piglets (3-4 kg, 2 weeks old) underwent hypoxic-asphyxic CA. After resuscitation, they were randomized to intravenous treatment with an sEH inhibitor (TPPU, 1 mg/kg; n = 8) or vehicle (10% poly(ethylene glycol); n = 9) administered at 30 min and 24 h after return of spontaneous circulation. Two sham-operated groups received either TPPU (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 8). Neurons were counted in hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections from putamen and motor cortex in 4-day survivors. RESULTS Piglets in the CA + vehicle groups had fewer neurons than sham animals in both putamen and motor cortex. However, the number of neurons after CA did not differ between vehicle- and TPPU-treated groups in either anatomic area. Further, 20% of putamen neurons in the Sham + TPPU group had abnormal morphology, with cell body attrition and nuclear condensation. TPPU treatment also did not reduce neurologic deficits. CONCLUSION Treatment with an sEH inhibitor at 30 min and 24 h after resuscitation from asphyxic CA does not protect neurons or improve acute neurologic outcomes in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E O'Brien
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Polan T Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lee J Martin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Bloomberg Children's Center Suite 6302, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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13
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Wilt S, Kodani S, Le TNH, Nguyen L, Vo N, Ly T, Rodriguez M, Hudson PK, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Pecic S. Development of multitarget inhibitors for the treatment of pain: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104165. [PMID: 32891856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands are a promising class of drugs for discovering innovative new therapies for difficult to treat diseases. In this study, we designed dual inhibitors targeting the human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme and human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Targeting both of these enzymes concurrently with single target inhibitors synergistically reduces inflammatory and neuropathic pain; thus, dual FAAH/sEH inhibitors are likely to be powerful analgesics. Here, we identified the piperidinyl-sulfonamide moiety as a common pharmacophore and optimized several inhibitors to have excellent inhibition profiles on both targeted enzymes simultaneously. In addition, several inhibitors show good predicted pharmacokinetic properties. These results suggest that this series of inhibitors has the potential to be further developed as new lead candidates and therapeutics in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wilt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Sean Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Thanh N H Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Lato Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Nghi Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Tanya Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Mark Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Paula K Hudson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States.
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14
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Sirish P, Thai PN, Lee JH, Yang J, Zhang X, Ren L, Li N, Timofeyev V, Lee KSS, Nader CE, Rowland DJ, Yechikov S, Ganaga S, Young N, Lieu DK, Yamoah EN, Hammock BD, Chiamvimonvat N. Suppression of inflammation and fibrosis using soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors enhances cardiac stem cell-based therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1570-1584. [PMID: 32790136 PMCID: PMC7695637 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell replacement offers a great potential for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, one of the critical barriers to stem cell therapy is a significant loss of transplanted stem cells from ischemia and inflammation in the host environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme using sEH inhibitors (sEHIs) to decrease inflammation and fibrosis in the host myocardium may increase the survival of the transplanted human induced pluripotent stem cell derived-cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in a murine postmyocardial infarction model. A specific sEHI (1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidine-4-yl)urea [TPPU]) and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing were used to test the hypothesis. TPPU results in a significant increase in the retention of transplanted cells compared with cell treatment alone. The increase in the retention of hiPSC-CMs translates into an improvement in the fractional shortening and a decrease in adverse remodeling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate a significant decrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis not only in transplanted hiPSC-CMs but also in the host environment. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene silencing of the sEH enzyme reduces cleaved caspase-3 in hiPSC-CMs challenged with angiotensin II, suggesting that knockdown of the sEH enzyme protects the hiPSC-CMs from undergoing apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that suppression of inflammation and fibrosis using an sEHI represents a promising adjuvant to cardiac stem cell-based therapy. Very little is known regarding the role of this class of compounds in stem cell-based therapy. There is consequently an enormous opportunity to uncover a potentially powerful class of compounds, which may be used effectively in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA,Department of Veterans AffairsNorthern California Health Care SystemMatherCaliforniaUSA
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeong Han Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiao‐Dong Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA,Department of Veterans AffairsNorthern California Health Care SystemMatherCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lu Ren
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carol E. Nader
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas J. Rowland
- Center for Molecular and Genomic ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sergey Yechikov
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Svetlana Ganaga
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nilas Young
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ebenezer N. Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA,Department of Veterans AffairsNorthern California Health Care SystemMatherCaliforniaUSA,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
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15
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Burmistrov V, Morisseau C, Karlov D, Pitushkin D, Vernigora A, Rasskazova E, Butov GM, Hammock BD. Bioisosteric substitution of adamantane with bicyclic lipophilic groups improves water solubility of human soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127430. [PMID: 32736212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) containing lipophilic groups of natural origin (camphanyl, norcamphanyl, furan-2-yl) were developed. Inhibitory potency ranging from 0.4 nM to 2.16 μM were obtained. While having the same level of inhibitory activity bicyclic ureas are up to 10-fold more soluble than the corresponding ureas containing adamantyl or 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl substituents. This makes them easier to formulate, more bioavailable and thus more promising as therapeutic sEH inhibitors. Endo/exo-form of compound 2b derived from l-camphor is 14-fold more potent than the corresponding analogue derived from d-camphor (IC50 = 3.7 nM vs. 50.6 nM) indicating enantiomeric preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Burmistrov
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia; School of Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dmitry Karlov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143026, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Dmitry Pitushkin
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia; School of Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Andrey Vernigora
- School of Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Elena Rasskazova
- School of Chemistry, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia
| | - Gennady M Butov
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Zhang L, Xu S, Wu X, Muse FM, Chen J, Cao Y, Yan J, Cheng Z, Yi X, Han Z. Protective Effects of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea in a Rat Model of Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:182. [PMID: 32184732 PMCID: PMC7058996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke is a serious disease that endangers human health. In our efforts to develop an effective therapy, we previously showed that the potent, highly selective inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase called 1-trifuoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) protects the brain against focal ischemia in rats. Here we explored the mechanism of TPPU action by assessing whether it could preserve blood-brain barrier integrity and reduce apoptosis in the brain during permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Sprague-Dawley rats. TPPU administration at the onset of stroke and once daily thereafter led to smaller infarct volume and brain edema as well as milder neurological deficits. TPPU significantly inhibited the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase and matrix metalloproteases 2 and 9, reducing 14,15-DHET levels, while increasing expression of tight junction proteins. TPPU decreased numbers of apoptotic cells by down-regulating the pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and Caspase-3, while up-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Our results suggest that TPPU can protect the blood-brain barrier and reduce the apoptosis of brain tissue caused by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Farah Mohamed Muse
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaou Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yungang Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jueyue Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Zhao Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Burmistrov V, Morisseau C, D'yachenko V, Karlov D, Butov GM, Hammock BD. Imidazolidine-2,4,5- and pirimidine-2,4,6-triones - New primary pharmacophore for soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with enhanced water solubility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126908. [PMID: 31870649 PMCID: PMC6957307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) containing imidazolidine-2,4,5-trione or pirimidine-2,4,6-trione has been synthesized. Inhibition potency of the described compounds ranges from 8.4 μM to 0.4 nM. The tested compounds possess higher water solubility than their preceding ureas. Molecular docking indicates new bond between the triones and the active site of sEH that in part explain the observed potency of the new pharmacophores. While less potent than the corresponding ureas, the modifications of urea group reported herein yield compounds with higher water solubility, thus permitting easier formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Burmistrov
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vladimir D'yachenko
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Dmitry Karlov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143026, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Gennady M Butov
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch) Volgograd State Technical University, Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Hoxha M, Zappacosta B. CYP-derived eicosanoids: Implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 146:106405. [PMID: 31838196 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Today the role of cytochrome P450 metabolites in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still poorly understood. In this review we survey the current knowledge on cytochrome P450 metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. The balance between CYP epoxygenase- and CYP ω- hydroxylase is correlated to the regulation of NF-κB. In RA patients synovial fluid there are higher levels of IL-6, which suppresses activities of CYP enzymes, such as CYP3A, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and CYP1A2. EETs have anti-inflammatory effects, probably attributed to the PPARγ activation. EETs inhibit bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis, and can be considered as an innovative therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis. In reference to the CYP ɷ-hydroxylase pathway, 20-HETE is a pro-inflammatory mediator. While there is scarce information on the role of 20-HETE inhibitors and its antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis, the elevation of EETs levels by sEH inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis patients. In addition, hybrid compounds, such as sEH inhibitors/FLAP inhibitors, or sEHI combined with NSAIDs/COXIBs are also important therapeutic target. However, studies investigating the effects of inflammation and rheumatic disease on CYP-mediated eicosanoid metabolism are necessary. Obtaining a better understanding of the complex role of CYP-derived eicosanoids in inflammatory rheumatic disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis will provide valuable insight for basic and clinical researchers investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Hoxha
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Bruno Zappacosta
- Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, Department of Chemical-Toxicological and Pharmacological Evaluation of Drugs, Rruga Dritan Hoxha, Tirana, Albania
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19
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Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor mediated analgesia lacks tolerance in rat models. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146573. [PMID: 31790682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Effectively treating chronic pain remains a therapeutic challenge in the clinic. Recent evidence has shown the inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to be an effective strategy to limit chronic pain in preclinical models, horses and companion animals. Determining the safety of sEH inhibition in addition to this demonstrated efficacy is a critical step to the further development of sEH inhibitors (sEHI) as analgesics. Here we describe a comparison of the sEHI TPPU with other first in class analgesics for human chronic pain. We assess the development of tolerance to the analgesia mediated by TPPU with extended use. We also assess for CNS effects by measuring changes in motor control and functioning. The sEHI are multimodal analgesics that have demonstrated potent efficacy against chronic pain. They have previously been tested and show no reward potential using operant methods. The results of the current experiments show that they lack motor function effects and also lack the development of tolerance with extended dosing.
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20
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Liang Z, Zhang B, Xu M, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Li QX. 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea, a Selective and Potent Dual Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and p38 Kinase Intervenes in Alzheimer's Signaling in Human Nerve Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4018-4030. [PMID: 31378059 PMCID: PMC7028313 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation is a prevalent pathogenic stress leading to neuronal death in AD. Targeting neuroinflammation to keep neurons alive is an attractive strategy for AD therapy. 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) is a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and can enter into the brain. It has good efficacy on a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical animal models. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of TPPU for potential AD interventions remain elusive. With an aim to develop multitarget therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, we screened TPPU against sEH from different mammalian species and a broad panel of human kinases in vitro for potential new targets relevant to neuroinflammation in AD. TPPU inhibits both human sEH and p38β kinase, two key regulators of inflammation, with nanomolar potencies and distinct selectivity. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were used as an AD cell model, and we investigated the neuroprotection of TPPU against amyloid oligomers. We found that TPPU effectively prevents neuronal death by mitigating amyloid neurotoxicity, tau hyperphosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, promoting neurite outgrowth and suppressing activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB for inflammatory responses in human nerve cells. The results indicate that TPPU is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of sEH and p38β kinase, showing a synergistic action in multiple AD signaling pathways. Our study sheds light upon TPPU and other sEH/p38β dual inhibitors for potential pharmacological interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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21
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Wan D, Yang J, McReynolds CB, Barnych B, Wagner KM, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Sun J, Blöcher R, Hammock BD. In vitro and in vivo Metabolism of a Potent Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, 1-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 31143115 PMCID: PMC6520522 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
1-(1-Propionylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (TPPU) is a potent soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor that is used extensively in research for modulating inflammation and protecting against hypertension, neuropathic pain, and neurodegeneration. Despite its wide use in various animal disease models, the metabolism of TPPU has not been well-studied. A broader understanding of its metabolism is critical for determining contributions of metabolites to the overall safety and effectiveness of TPPU. Herein, we describe the identification of TPPU metabolites using LC-MS/MS strategies. Four metabolites of TPPU (M1–M4) were identified from rat urine by a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method with double precursor ion scans. Their structures were further supported by LC-MS/MS comparison with synthesized standards. Metabolites M1 and M2 were formed from hydroxylation on a propionyl group of TPPU; M3 was formed by amide hydrolysis of the 1-propionylpiperdinyl group on TPPU; and M4 was formed by further oxidation of the hydroxylated metabolite M2. Interestingly, the predicted α-keto amide metabolite and 4-(trifluoromethoxy)aniline (metabolite from urea cleavage) were not detected by the LC-MRM-MS method. This indicates that if formed, the two potential metabolites represent <0.01% of TPPU metabolism. Species differences in the formation of these four identified metabolites was assessed using liver S9 fractions from dog, monkey, rat, mouse, and human. M1, M2, and M3 were generated in liver S9 fractions from all species, and higher amounts of M3 were generated in monkey S9 fractions compared to other species. In addition, rat and human S9 metabolism showed the highest species similarity based on the quantities of each metabolite. The presence of all four metabolites were confirmed in vivo in rats over 72-h post single oral dose of TPPU. Urine and feces were major routes for TPPU excretion. M1, M4 and parent drug were detected as major substances, and M2 and M3 were minor substances. In blood, M1 accounted for ~9.6% of the total TPPU-related exposure, while metabolites M2, M3, and M4 accounted for <0.4%. All four metabolites were potent inhibitors of human sEH but were less potent than the parent TPPU. In conclusion, TPPU is metabolized via oxidation and amide hydrolysis without apparent breakdown of the urea. The aniline metabolites were not observed either in vitro or in vivo. Our findings increase the confidence in the ability to translate preclinical PK of TPPU in rats to humans and facilitates the potential clinical development of TPPU and other sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cindy B McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,State Forestry Administration Key Open Laboratory, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - René Blöcher
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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22
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Yao L, Cao B, Cheng Q, Cai W, Ye C, Liang J, Liu W, Tan L, Yan M, Li B, He J, Hwang SH, Zhang X, Wang C, Ai D, Hammock BD, Zhu Y. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates hyperhomocysteinemia-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing β-oxidation of fatty acid in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G527-G538. [PMID: 30789748 PMCID: PMC6483021 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00148.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the beginning phase of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a significant risk factor. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and other epoxy fatty acids, attenuating their cardiovascular protective effects. However, the involvement of sEH in HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis is unknown. The current study aimed to explore the role of sEH in HHcy-induced lipid disorder. We fed 6-wk-old male mice a chow diet or 2% (wt/wt) high-metnionine diet for 8 wk to establish the HHcy model. A high level of homocysteine induced lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro, which was concomitant with the increased activity and expression of sEH. Treatment with a highly selective specific sEH inhibitor (0.8 mg·kg-1·day-1 for the animal model and 1 μM for cells) prevented HHcy-induced lipid accumulation in vivo and in vitro. Inhibition of sEH activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), as evidenced by elevated β-oxidation of fatty acids and the expression of PPAR-α target genes in HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis. In primary cultured hepatocytes, the effect of sEH inhibition on PPAR-α activation was further confirmed by a marked increase in PPAR-response element luciferase activity, which was reversed by knock down of PPAR-α. Of note, 11,12-EET ligand dependently activated PPAR-α. Thus increased sEH activity is a key determinant in the pathogenesis of HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis, and sEH inhibition could be an effective treatment for HHcy-induced hepatic steatosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the current study, we demonstrated that upregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is involved in the hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-caused hepatic steatosis in an HHcy mouse model and in murine primary hepatocytes. Improving hepatic steatosis in HHcy mice by pharmacological inhibition of sEH to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α was ligand dependent, and sEH could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yao
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyang Cao
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Cai
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenji Ye
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Liang
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Liu
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Tan
- 2Department of Laboratory Animal Science and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Yan
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bochuan Li
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinlong He
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- 3Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, California
| | - Xu Zhang
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ding Ai
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- 3Department of Entomology and Nematology and University of California, Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, California
| | - Yi Zhu
- 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education); Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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23
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Zhou C, Huang J, Li Q, Zhan C, He Y, Liu J, Wen Z, Wang DW. Pharmacological Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Chronic Ethanol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Restoring Autophagic Flux. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:1970-1978. [PMID: 30047995 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic drinking leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac fibrosis is a consequence of these alcoholic injuries. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to less bioactive diols, and EETs have cardioprotective properties. However, the effects of sEH inhibition in ethanol (EtOH)-induced cardiac fibrosis are unknown. METHODS This study was designed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of sEH inhibition in chronic EtOH feeding-induced cardiac fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were fed a 4% Lieber-DeCarli EtOH diet for 8 weeks, and the sEH inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) was administered throughout the experimental period. RESULTS The results showed that chronic EtOH intake led to cardiac dilatation, collagen deposition, and autophagosome accumulation, while TPPU administration ameliorated these effects. In vitro, treating primary cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) with EtOH resulted in CF activation, including alpha smooth muscle actin overexpression, collagen synthesis, and cell migration. Moreover, EtOH disturbed CF autophagic flux, as evidenced by the increased LC3 II/I ratio and SQSTM1 expression, and by the enhanced autophagosome accumulation. TPPU treatment prevented the activation of CF induced by EtOH and restored the impaired autophagic flux by suppressing mTOR activation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that sEH pharmacological inhibition may be a unique therapeutic strategy for treating EtOH-induced cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenao Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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24
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Tu R, Armstrong J, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Sapirstein A, Koehler RC. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition decreases reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5279. [PMID: 29588470 PMCID: PMC5869703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are produced by cytochrome P450 epoxygenases from arachidonic acid, and their rapid metabolism is mainly through soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). EETs exert vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic effects. Administration of sEH inhibitors before or at the onset of stroke is protective, but the effects of post-treatment at reperfusion, when inflammation is augmented, has not been as well studied. We tested the hypothesis that 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent and highly selective sEH inhibitor, suppresses inflammation and protects the brain when administered at reperfusion. Vehicle or 1 mg/kg TPPU was administered at reperfusion after 90 minutes of focal ischemia and again 24 hours later. Protein expression and activity of sEH increased after reperfusion and activity was decreased by TPPU administration. TPPU decreased infarct volume by 50%, reduced neurologic deficits and improved performance on sensorimotor tasks. Furthermore, TPPU significantly lowered the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta by 3.5-fold and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by 2.2-fold, increased transforming growth factor-beta mRNA by 1.8-fold, and augmented immunostaining of vascular endothelial growth factor in peri-infarct cortex. Thus, inhibition of sEH at reperfusion significantly reduces infarction and improves sensorimotor function, possibly by suppressing early proinflammatory cytokines and promoting reparative cytokines and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Tu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jillian Armstrong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Adam Sapirstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Kodani SD, Bhakta S, Hwang SH, Pakhomova S, Newcomer ME, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Identification and optimization of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with dual potency towards fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:762-768. [PMID: 29366648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors have become increasing popular as a means to leverage the advantages of poly-pharmacology while simplifying drug delivery. Here, we describe dual inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), two targets known to synergize when treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The structure activity relationship (SAR) study described herein initially started with t-TUCB (trans-4-[4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-l-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid), a potent sEH inhibitor that was previously shown to weakly inhibit FAAH. Inhibitors with a 6-fold increase of FAAH potency while maintaining high sEH potency were developed by optimization. Interestingly, compared to most FAAH inhibitors that inhibit through time-dependent covalent modification, t-TUCB and related compounds appear to inhibit FAAH through a time-independent, competitive mechanism. These inhibitors are selective for FAAH over other serine hydrolases. In addition, FAAH inhibition by t-TUCB appears to be higher in human FAAH over other species; however, the new dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors have improved cross-species potency. These dual inhibitors may be useful for future studies in understanding the therapeutic application of dual sEH/FAAH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Saavan Bhakta
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Beyond detoxification: a role for mouse mEH in the hepatic metabolism of endogenous lipids. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3571-3585. [PMID: 28975360 PMCID: PMC5696502 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microsomal and soluble epoxide hydrolase (mEH and sEH) fulfill apparently distinct roles: Whereas mEH detoxifies xenobiotics, sEH hydrolyzes fatty acid (FA) signaling molecules and is thus implicated in a variety of physiological functions. These epoxy FAs comprise epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxy-octadecenoic acids (EpOMEs), which are formed by CYP epoxygenases from arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid, respectively, and then are hydrolyzed to their respective diols, the so-called DHETs and DiHOMEs. Although EETs and EpOMEs are also substrates for mEH, its role in lipid signaling is considered minor due to lower abundance and activity relative to sEH. Surprisingly, we found that in plasma from mEH KO mice, hydrolysis rates for 8,9-EET and 9,10-EpOME were reduced by 50% compared to WT plasma. This strongly suggests that mEH contributes substantially to the turnover of these FA epoxides—despite kinetic parameters being in favor of sEH. Given the crucial role of liver in controlling plasma diol levels, we next studied the capacity of sEH and mEH KO liver microsomes to synthesize DHETs with varying concentrations of AA (1–30 μM) and NADPH. mEH-generated DHET levels were similar to the ones generated by sEH, when AA concentrations were low (1 μM) or epoxygenase activity was curbed by modulating NADPH. With increasing AA concentrations sEH became more dominant and with 30 μM AA produced twice the level of DHETs compared to mEH. Immunohistochemistry of C57BL/6 liver slices further revealed that mEH expression was more widespread than sEH expression. mEH immunoreactivity was detected in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and bile duct epithelial cells, while sEH immunoreactivity was confined to hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells. Finally, transcriptome analysis of WT, mEH KO, and sEH KO liver was carried out to discern transcriptional changes associated with the loss of EH genes along the CYP-epoxygenase–EH axis. We found several prominent dysregulations occurring in a parallel manner in both KO livers: (a) gene expression of Ephx1 (encoding for mEH protein) was increased 1.35-fold in sEH KO, while expression of Ephx2 (encoding for sEH protein) was increased 1.4-fold in mEH KO liver; (b) Cyp2c genes, encoding for the predominant epoxygenases in mouse liver, were mostly dysregulated in the same manner in both sEH and mEH KO mice, showing that loss of either EH has a similar impact. Taken together, mEH appears to play a leading role in the hydrolysis of 8,9-EET and 9,10-EpOME and also contributes to the hydrolysis of other FA epoxides. It probably profits from its high affinity for FA epoxides under non-saturating conditions and its close physical proximity to CYP epoxygenases, and compensates its lower abundance by a more widespread expression, being the only EH present in several sEH-lacking cell types.
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Zhang Y, Hong G, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Gebremedhin D, Harder DR, Koehler RC, Sapirstein A. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase augments astrocyte release of vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal recovery after oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Neurochem 2017; 140:814-825. [PMID: 28002622 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are synthesized in astrocytes, and inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which hydrolyzes EETs, reduce infarct volume in ischemic stroke. Astrocytes can release protective neurotrophic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We found that addition of sEH inhibitors to rat cultured astrocytes immediately after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) markedly increased VEGF concentration in the medium 48 h later and the effect was blocked by an EET antagonist. The sEH inhibitors increased EET concentrations to levels capable of increasing VEGF. When the sEH inhibitors were removed from the medium at 48 h, the increase in VEGF persisted for an additional 48 h. Neurons exposed to OGD and subsequently to astrocyte medium previously conditioned with OGD plus sEH inhibitors showed increased phosphorylation of their VEGF receptor-2, less TUNEL staining, and increased phosphorylation of Akt, which was blocked by a VEGF receptor-2 antagonist. Our findings indicate that sEH inhibitors, applied to cultured astrocytes after an ischemia-like insult, can increase VEGF secretion. The released VEGF then enhances Akt-enabled cell survival signaling in neurons through activation of VEGF receptor-2 leading to less neuronal cell death. These results suggest a new strategy by which astrocytes can be leveraged to support neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gina Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Debebe Gebremedhin
- Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - David R Harder
- Department of Physiology and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Sapirstein
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Supp DM, Hahn JM, McFarland KL, Combs KA, Lee KSS, Inceoglu B, Wan D, Boyce ST, Hammock BD. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition and Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid Treatment Improve Vascularization of Engineered Skin Substitutes. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2016; 4:e1151. [PMID: 28293507 PMCID: PMC5222652 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous engineered skin substitutes comprised of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and biopolymers can serve as an adjunctive treatment for excised burns. However, engineered skin lacks a vascular plexus at the time of grafting, leading to slower vascularization and reduced rates of engraftment compared with autograft. Hypothetically, vascularization of engineered skin grafts can be improved by treatment with proangiogenic agents at the time of grafting. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid that are inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). EETs have multiple biological activities and have been shown to promote angiogenesis. Inhibitors of sEH (sEHIs) represent attractive therapeutic agents because they increase endogenous EET levels. We investigated sEHI administration, alone or combined with EET treatment, for improved vascularization of engineered skin after grafting to mice. METHODS Engineered skin substitutes, prepared using primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes, were grafted to full-thickness surgical wounds in immunodeficient mice. Mice were treated with the sEHI 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), which was administered in drinking water throughout the study period, with or without topical EET treatment, and were compared with vehicle-treated controls. Vascularization was quantified by image analysis of CD31-positive areas in tissue sections. RESULTS At 2 weeks after grafting, significantly increased vascularization was observed in the TPPU and TPPU + EET groups compared with controls, with no evidence of toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that sEH inhibition can increase vascularization of engineered skin grafts after transplantation, which may contribute to enhanced engraftment and improved treatment of full-thickness wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy M. Supp
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Jennifer M. Hahn
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Kevin L. McFarland
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Kelly A. Combs
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Debin Wan
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Steven T. Boyce
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- From the Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children – Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, Calif
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Wagner K, Lee KSS, Yang J, Hammock BD. Epoxy fatty acids mediate analgesia in murine diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:456-465. [PMID: 27634339 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition with no adequate therapy. The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids are established, however, the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in limiting pain has only recently been described and the mechanisms of this action remain unknown. DHA is metabolized into epoxydocosapentanoic acids (EDPs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes which are substrates for the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Here, we tested several hypotheses; first, that the antinociceptive action of DHA is mediated by the EDPs. Second, based on evidence that DHA and CYP450 metabolites elicit analgesia through opioid signalling, we investigated this as a possible mechanism of action. Third, we tested whether the analgesia mediated by epoxy fatty acids had similar rewarding effects as opioid analgesics. METHODS We tested diabetic neuropathic wild-type and sEH null mice in a conditioned place preference assay for their response to EDPs, sEHI and antagonism of these treatments with naloxone, a mu-opioid receptor antagonist. RESULTS The EDPs and sEH inhibitors were efficacious against chronic pain, and naloxone antagonized the action of both EDPs and sEH inhibitors. Despite this antagonism, the sEH inhibitors lacked reward side effects differing from opioids. CONCLUSIONS The EpFA are analgesic against chronic pain differing from opioids which have limited efficacy in chronic conditions. SIGNIFICANCE EDPs and sEHI mediate analgesia in modelled chronic pain and this analgesia is blocked by naloxone. However, unlike opioids, sEHI are highly effective in neuropathic pain models and importantly lack rewarding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - K S S Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
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Guedes A, Galuppo L, Hood D, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and pharmacologic inhibition in horses with chronic severe laminitis. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:345-351. [PMID: 27338788 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The roles of soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipid mediators in inflammatory and neuropathic pain could be relevant in laminitis pain management. OBJECTIVES To determine soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity in the digital laminae, sEH inhibitor potency in vitro, and efficacy of a sEH inhibitor as an adjunct analgesic therapy in chronic laminitic horses. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiments and clinical case series. METHODS sEH activity was measured in digital laminae from euthanised healthy and laminitic horses (n = 5-6/group). Potency of 7 synthetic sEH inhibitors was determined in vitro using equine liver cytosol. One of them (t-TUCB; 0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v. every 24 h) was selected based on potency and stability, and used as adjunct therapy in 10 horses with severe chronic laminitis (Obel grades 2, one horse; 3-4, nine horses). Daily assessments of forelimb lifts, pain scores, physiologic and laboratory examinations were performed before (baseline) and during t-TUCB treatment. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS sEH activity in the digital laminae from laminitic horses (0.9±0.6 nmol/min/mg; 95% CI 0.16-1.55 nmol/min/mg) was significantly greater (P = 0.01) than in healthy horses (0.17±0.09 nmol/min/mg; CI 0.07-0.26 nmol/min/mg). t-TUCB as an adjunct analgesic up to 10 days (4.3±3 days) in laminitic horses was associated with significant reduction in forelimb lifts (36±22%; 95% CI 9-64%) and in pain scores (18±23%; 95% CI 2-35%) compared with baseline (P = 0.04). One horse developed gas colic and another corneal vascularisation in a blind eye during treatment. No other significant changes were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Absence of control group and evaluator blinding in case series. CONCLUSIONS sEH activity is significantly higher in the digital laminae of actively laminitic compared with healthy horses, and use of a potent inhibitor of equine sEH as adjunct analgesic therapy appears to decrease signs of pathologic pain in laminitic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guedes
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - L Galuppo
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - D Hood
- The Hoof Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Clinic, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - S H Hwang
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - C Morisseau
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
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31
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Ulu A, Inceoglu B, Yang J, Singh V, Vito S, Wulff H, Hammock BD. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase as a novel approach to high dose diazepam induced hypotension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6. [PMID: 28255523 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0495.1000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypotension is one of the dose limiting side effects of benzodiazepines (BZDs), in particular of diazepam (DZP) which is still widely used in the clinic. Currently, only one FDA approved antidote exists for BZD overdose and novel approaches are needed to improve management of DZP overdose, dependency and withdrawal. OBJECTIVE Here, we hypothesized that increasing bioactive lipid mediators termed epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) will prevent hypotension, as was shown previously in a murine model of LPS-induced hypotension. Therefore, we first characterized the time and dose dependent profile of DZP induced hypotension in mice, and then investigated the reversal of the hypotensive effect by inhibiting the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that regulates the levels of EpFAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following baseline systolic BP recording using tail cuffs, mice were administered a sEH inhibitor (TPPU) before DZP and BP was monitored. Blood and brain levels of DZP and TPPU were quantified to examine distribution and metabolism. Plasma EpFAs levels were quantified to determine TPPU target engagement. RESULTS In this murine model, DZP induced dose dependent hypotension which was more severe than midazolam. The temporal profile was consistent with the reported pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of DZP. Treatment with TPPU reversed the hypotension resulting from high doses of DZP and decreased the sEH metabolites of EpFAs in the plasma demonstrating target engagement. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Overall, these findings demonstrate the similarity of a murine model of DZP induced hypotension to clinical observations in humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that stabilization of EpFAs by inhibiting sEH is a novel approach to overcome DZP-induced hypotension and this beneficial effect can be enhanced by an omega three diet probably acting through epoxide metabolites of the fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Vikrant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Stephen Vito
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, USA
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Kitamura S, Hvorecny KL, Niu J, Hammock BD, Madden DR, Morisseau C. Rational Design of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of an Epoxide Hydrolase Virulence Factor from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4790-9. [PMID: 27120257 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The virulence factor cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitory factor (Cif) is secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is the founding member of a distinct class of epoxide hydrolases (EHs) that triggers the catalysis-dependent degradation of the CFTR. We describe here the development of a series of potent and selective Cif inhibitors by structure-based drug design. Initial screening revealed 1a (KB2115), a thyroid hormone analog, as a lead compound with low micromolar potency. Structural requirements for potency were systematically probed, and interactions between Cif and 1a were characterized by X-ray crystallography. On the basis of these data, new compounds were designed to yield additional hydrogen bonding with residues of the Cif active site. From this effort, three compounds were identified that are 10-fold more potent toward Cif than our first-generation inhibitors and have no detectable thyroid hormone-like activity. These inhibitors will be useful tools to study the pathological role of Cif and have the potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Kitamura
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kelli L Hvorecny
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dean R Madden
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Zhou Y, Yang J, Sun GY, Liu T, Duan JX, Zhou HF, Lee KS, Hammock BD, Fang X, Jiang JX, Guan CX. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3- (1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 363:399-409. [PMID: 26310139 PMCID: PMC4738109 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) epoxygenases, are mainly metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to their corresponding diols. EETs but not their diols, have anti-inflammatory properties and inhibition of sEH might provide protective effects against inflammatory fibrosis. We test the effects of a selected sEH inhibitor, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. A mouse model of PF was established by intratracheal injection of bleomycin and TPPU was administered for 21 days after bleomycin injection. We found TPPU treatment improved the body weight loss and survival rate of bleomycin-stimulated mice. Histological examination showed that TPPU treatment alleviated bleomycin-induced inflammation and maintained the alveolar structure of the pulmonary tissues. TPPU also decreased the bleomycin-induced deposition of collagen and the expression of procollagen I mRNA in lung tissues of mice. TPPU decreased the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels in the serum of bleomycin-stimulated mice. Furthermore, TPPU inhibited the proliferation and collagen synthesis of mouse fibroblasts and partially reversed TGF-β1-induced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Our results indicate that the inhibition of sEH attenuates bleomycin-induced inflammation and collagen deposition and therefore prevents bleomycin-induced PF in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Guo-Ying Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xi Duan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Sing Lee
- Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and the UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, Sichuan, 400042, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cha-Xiang Guan
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, People's Republic of China.
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Liu JY, Tsai HJ, Morisseau C, Lango J, Hwang SH, Watanabe T, Kim IH, Hammock BD. In vitro and in vivo metabolism of N-adamantyl substituted urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:718-31. [PMID: 26494425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-disubstituted urea-based soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors are promising therapeutics for hypertension, inflammation, and pain in multiple animal models. The drug absorption and pharmacological efficacy of these inhibitors have been reported extensively. However, the drug metabolism of these inhibitors is not well described. Here we reported the metabolic profile and associated biochemical studies of an N-adamantyl urea-based sEH inhibitor 1-adamantan-1-yl-3-(5-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy)pentyl)urea (AEPU) in vitro and in vivo. The metabolites of AEPU were identified by interpretation of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and/or NMR. In vitro, AEPU had three major positions for phase I metabolism including oxidations on the adamantyl moiety, urea nitrogen atoms, and cleavage of the polyethylene glycol chain. In a rodent model, the metabolites from the hydroxylation on the adamantyl group and nitrogen atom were existed in blood while the metabolites from cleavage of polyethylene glycol chain were not found in urine. The major metabolite found in rodent urine was 3-(3-adamantyl-ureido)-propanoic acid, a presumably from cleavage and oxidation of the polyethylene glycol moiety. All the metabolites found were active but less potent than AEPU at inhibiting human sEH. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 was found to be a major enzyme mediating AEPU metabolism. In conclusion, the metabolism of AEPU resulted from oxidation by CYP could be shared with other N-adamantyl-urea-based compounds. These findings suggest possible therapeutic roles for AEPU and new strategies for drug design in this series of possible drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Clinical Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 210072, PR China; Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hsing-Ju Tsai
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jozsef Lango
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Takaho Watanabe
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - In-Hae Kim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Ostermann AI, Herbers J, Willenberg I, Chen R, Hwang SH, Greite R, Morisseau C, Gueler F, Hammock BD, Schebb NH. Oral treatment of rodents with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU): Resulting drug levels and modulation of oxylipin pattern. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:131-7. [PMID: 26117215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent lipid mediators. In vivo stabilization of these epoxides by blockade of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) leads to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and normotensive effects. Therefore, sEH inhibitors (sEHi) are a promising new class of drugs. Herein, we characterized pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of a commercially available potent sEHi 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU). Cell culture studies suggest its high absorption and metabolic stability. Following administration in drinking water to rats (0.2, 1, and 5mg TPPU/L with 0.2% PEG400), TPPU's blood concentration increased dose dependently within the treatment period to reach an almost steady state after 8 days. TPPU was found in all the tissues tested. The linoleic epoxide/diol ratios in most tissues were dose dependently increased, indicating significant sEH inhibition. Overall, administration of TPPU with the drinking water led to systemic distribution as well as high drug levels and thus makes chronic sEH inhibition studies possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika I Ostermann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Herbers
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Institute of Food Chemistry, Wuppertal, Germany.
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36
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Kodani SD, Hammock BD. The 2014 Bernard B. Brodie award lecture-epoxide hydrolases: drug metabolism to therapeutics for chronic pain. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:788-802. [PMID: 25762541 PMCID: PMC4407705 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dr. Bernard Brodie's legacy is built on fundamental discoveries in pharmacology and drug metabolism that were then translated to the clinic to improve patient care. Similarly, the development of a novel class of therapeutics termed the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors was originally spurred by fundamental research exploring the biochemistry and physiology of the sEH. Here, we present an overview of the history and current state of research on epoxide hydrolases, specifically focusing on sEHs. In doing so, we start with the translational project studying the metabolism of the insect juvenile hormone mimic R-20458 [(E)-6,7-epoxy-1-(4-ethylphenoxy)-3,7-dimethyl-2-octene], which led to the identification of the mammalian sEH. Further investigation of this enzyme and its substrates, including the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, led to insight into mechanisms of inflammation, chronic and neuropathic pain, angiogenesis, and other physiologic processes. This basic knowledge in turn led to the development of potent inhibitors of the sEH that are promising therapeutics for pain, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, arthritis, and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Kim J, Yoon SP, Toews ML, Imig JD, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Padanilam BJ. Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevents renal interstitial fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F131-9. [PMID: 25377915 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00531.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been challenging because of its pathogenic complexity. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P-450-dependent derivatives of arachidonic acid with antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and profibrinolytic functions. We recently reported that genetic ablation of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that converts EETs to less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, prevents renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation in experimental mouse models of CKD. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pharmacological inhibition of sEH after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) would attenuate tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation in mouse kidneys and may provide a novel approach to manage the progression of CKD. Inhibition of sEH enhanced levels of EET regioisomers and abolished tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as demonstrated by reduced collagen deposition and myofibroblast formation after UUO. The inflammatory response was also attenuated, as demonstrated by decreased influx of neutrophils and macrophages and decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines keratinocyte chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 in kidneys after UUO. UUO upregulated transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 signaling and induced NF-κB activation, oxidative stress, tubular injury, and apoptosis; in contrast, it downregulated antifibrotic factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, especially PPAR-γ. sEH inhibition mitigated the aforementioned malevolent effects in UUO kidneys. These data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of sEH promotes anti-inflammatory and fibroprotective effects in UUO kidneys by preventing tubular injury, downregulation of NF-κB, transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, and inflammatory signaling pathways, and activation of PPAR isoforms. Our data suggest the potential use of sEH inhibitors in treating fibrogenesis in the UUO model of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Kim
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine and Drug Development, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Pil Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myron L Toews
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California; and
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Wagner K, Vito S, Inceoglu B, Hammock BD. The role of long chain fatty acids and their epoxide metabolites in nociceptive signaling. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 113-115:2-12. [PMID: 25240260 PMCID: PMC4254344 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipid derived mediators contribute to inflammation and the sensing of pain. The contributions of omega-6 derived prostanoids in enhancing inflammation and pain sensation are well known. Less well explored are the opposing anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the omega-6 derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Far less has been described about the epoxidized metabolites derived from omega-3 long chain fatty acids. The epoxide metabolites are turned over rapidly with enzymatic hydrolysis by the soluble epoxide hydrolase being the major elimination pathway. Despite this, the overall understanding of the role of lipid mediators in the pathology of chronic pain is growing. Here, we review the role of long chain fatty acids and their metabolites in alleviating both acute and chronic pain conditions. We focus specifically on the epoxidized metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 long chain fatty acids as well as a novel strategy to modulate their activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Steve Vito
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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Fleming I. The Pharmacology of the Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase/Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Axis in the Vasculature and Cardiovascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:1106-40. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Lee KSS, Liu JY, Wagner KM, Pakhomova S, Dong H, Morisseau C, Fu SH, Yang J, Wang P, Ulu A, Mate CA, Nguyen LV, Hwang SH, Edin ML, Mara AA, Wulff H, Newcomer ME, Zeldin DC, Hammock BD. Optimized inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase improve in vitro target residence time and in vivo efficacy. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7016-30. [PMID: 25079952 PMCID: PMC4148150 DOI: 10.1021/jm500694p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Diabetes
is affecting the life of millions of people. A large proportion
of diabetic patients suffer from severe complications such as neuropathic
pain, and current treatments for these complications have deleterious
side effects. Thus, alternate therapeutic strategies are needed. Recently,
the elevation of epoxy-fatty acids through inhibition of soluble epoxide
hydrolase (sEH) was shown to reduce diabetic neuropathic pain in rodents.
In this report, we describe a series of newly synthesized sEH inhibitors
with at least 5-fold higher potency and doubled residence time inside
both the human and rodent sEH enzyme than previously reported inhibitors.
These inhibitors also have better physical properties and optimized
pharmacokinetic profiles. The optimized inhibitor selected from this
new series displayed improved efficacy of almost 10-fold in relieving
pain perception in diabetic neuropathic rats as compared to the approved
drug, gabapentin, and previously published sEH inhibitors. Therefore,
these new sEH inhibitors could be an attractive alternative to treat
diabetic neuropathy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Unique mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in the prevention of cardiac fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5618-23. [PMID: 23493561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221972110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis represents one of the largest groups of diseases for which there are very few effective therapies. In the heart, myocardial infarction (MI) resulting in the loss of cardiac myocytes can culminate in adverse cardiac remodeling leading to eventual heart failure. Adverse cardiac remodeling includes myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and electrical remodeling. We have previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of several potent soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors (sEHIs) in different models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Here, we directly determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of sEHIs in cardiac remodeling post-MI. Treatment with a potent sEHI, 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidine-4-yl)urea (TPPU), which was started 1 wk post-MI in a murine model, results in a significant improvement in cardiac function. Importantly, treatment with TPPU results in a decrease in cardiac fibrosis as quantified using histological and immunostaining techniques. Moreover, single-cell-based assays demonstrate that treatment with TPPU results in a significant decrease not only in the percentages but also the proliferative capacity of different populations of cardiac fibroblasts as well as a reduction in the migration of fibroblasts into the heart from the bone marrow. Our study provides evidence for a possible unique therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiac fibrosis and improve cardiac function post-MI.
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Guedes AGP, Morisseau C, Sole A, Soares JHN, Ulu A, Dong H, Hammock BD. Use of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor as an adjunctive analgesic in a horse with laminitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:440-8. [PMID: 23463912 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
HISTORY A 4-year old, 500 kg Thoroughbred female horse diagnosed with bilateral forelimb laminitis and cellulitis on the left forelimb became severely painful and refractory to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (flunixin meglumine on days 1, 2, 3 and 4; and phenylbutazone on days 5, 6 and 7) alone or in combination with gabapentin (days 6 and 7). PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Pain scores assessed independently by three individuals with a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no pain and 10 = worst possible pain) were 8.5 on day 6, and it increased to 9.5 on day 7. Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring revealed severe hypertension. MANAGEMENT As euthanasia was being considered for humane reasons, a decision was made to add an experimental new drug, trans-4-{4-[3-(4-Trifluoromethoxy-phenyl)-ureido]-cyclohexyloxy}-benzoic acid (t-TUCB), which is a soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, to the treatment protocol. Dose and frequency of administration were selected based on the drug potency against equine sEH to produce plasma concentrations within the range of 30 nmol L(-1) and 2.5 μmol L(-1) . Pain scores decreased sharply and remarkably following t-TUCB administration and blood pressure progressively decreased to physiologic normal values. Plasma concentrations of t-TUCB, measured daily, were within the expected range, whereas phenylbutazone and gabapentin plasma levels were below the suggested efficacious concentrations. FOLLOW UP No adverse effects were detected on clinical and laboratory examinations during and after t-TUCB administration. No new episodes of laminitis have been noted up to the time of writing (120 days following treatment). CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of sEH with t-TUCB was associated with a significant improvement in pain scores in one horse with laminitis whose pain was refractory to the standard of care therapy. No adverse effects were noticed. Future studies evaluating the analgesic and protective effects of these compounds in painful inflammatory diseases in animals are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso G P Guedes
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Wagner K, Inceoglu B, Dong H, Yang J, Hwang SH, Jones P, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Comparative efficacy of 3 soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in rat neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 700:93-101. [PMID: 23276668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-fatty acids have been recognized as important cell signaling molecules with multiple biological effects including anti-nociception. The main degradation pathway of these signaling molecules is via the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Inhibitors of sEH extend the anti-nociceptive effects of fatty acid epoxides. In this study two models of pain with different etiology, streptozocin induced type I diabetic neuropathic pain and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory pain were employed to test sEH inhibitors. A dose range of three sEH inhibitors with the same central pharmacophore but varying substituent moieties was used to investigate maximal anti-allodynic effects in these two models of pain. Inhibiting the sEH enzyme in these models successfully blocked pain related behavior in both models. The sEH inhibitors were more potent and more efficacious than celecoxib in reducing both diabetic neuropathic pain and lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory pain. Because of their ability to block diabetic neuropathic pain sEH inhibition is a promising new approach to treat chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Kundu S, Roome T, Bhattacharjee A, Carnevale KA, Yakubenko VP, Zhang R, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Cathcart MK. Metabolic products of soluble epoxide hydrolase are essential for monocyte chemotaxis to MCP-1 in vitro and in vivo. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:436-47. [PMID: 23160182 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced monocyte chemotaxis is a major event in inflammatory disease. Our prior studies have demonstrated that MCP-1-dependent chemotaxis requires release of arachidonic acid (AA) by activated cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)). Here we investigated the involvement of AA metabolites in chemotaxis. Neither cyclooxygenase nor lipoxygenase pathways were required, whereas pharmacologic inhibitors of both the cytochrome-P450 (CYP) and the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) pathways blocked monocyte chemotaxis to MCP-1. To verify specificity, we demonstrated that the CYP and sEH products epoxyeiscosatrienoic acids (EETs) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs), respectively, restored chemotaxis in the presence of the inhibitors, indicating that sEH-derived products are essential for MCP-1-driven chemotaxis. Importantly, DHETs also rescued chemotaxis in cPLA(2)-deficient monocytes and monocytes with blocked Erk1/2 activity, because Erk controls cPLA(2) activation. The in vitro findings regarding the involvement of CYP/sEH pathways were further validated in vivo using two complementary approaches measuring MCP-1-dependent chemotaxis in mice. These observations reveal the importance of sEH in MCP-1-regulated monocyte chemotaxis and may explain the observed therapeutic value of sEH inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, pain, and even carcinogenesis. Their effectiveness, often attributed to increasing EET levels, is probably influenced by the impairment of DHET formation and inhibition of chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kundu
- Department of Cell Biology, and Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Acute augmentation of epoxygenated fatty acid levels rapidly reduces pain-related behavior in a rat model of type I diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:11390-5. [PMID: 22733772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1208708109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nerve damage occurring as a consequence of glucose toxicity in diabetes leads to neuropathic pain, among other problems. This pain dramatically reduces the quality of life in afflicted patients. The progressive damage to the peripheral nervous system is irreversible although strict control of hyperglycemia may prevent further damage. Current treatments include tricyclic antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and opioids, depending on the severity of the pain state. However, available therapeutics have drawbacks, arguing for the need to better understand the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and develop novel treatments. Here we demonstrate that stabilization of a class of bioactive lipids, epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFAs), greatly reduces allodynia in rats caused by streptozocin-induced type I diabetes. Inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEHI) elevated and stabilized the levels of plasma and spinal EpFAs, respectively, and generated dose-dependent antiallodynic effects more potently and efficaciously than gabapentin. In acute experiments, positive modulation of EpFAs did not display differences in insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, or insulin secretion, indicating the efficacy of sEHIs are not related to the glycemic status. Quantitative metabolomic analysis of a panel of 26 bioactive lipids demonstrated that sEHI-mediated antiallodynic effects coincided with a selective elevation of the levels of EpFAs in the plasma, and a decrease in degradation products coincided with the dihydroxy fatty acids in the spinal cord. Overall, these results argue that further efforts in understanding the spectrum of effects of EpFAs will yield novel opportunities in treating neuropathic pain.
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46
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Shen HC, Hammock BD. Discovery of inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase: a target with multiple potential therapeutic indications. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1789-808. [PMID: 22168898 PMCID: PMC3420824 DOI: 10.1021/jm201468j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong C. Shen
- RY800-C114, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ07065, 609-716-9647
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology &Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA, 530-752-7519
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