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Slagter SK, Gradassi A, van Duijvenvoorde ACK, van den Bos W. Identifying who adolescents prefer as source of information within their social network. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20277. [PMID: 37985792 PMCID: PMC10662136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are highly influenced by their peers within their social networks. This social influence can stem from both unsolicited peer pressure and the active search for guidance. While extensive research examined the mechanisms of peer pressure, little is known about who adolescents prefer as a source of information. To address this gap, we conducted two independent studies using a novel social search paradigm that allows participants to choose which social sources they wish to observe. In both studies, adolescents demonstrated a preference for their friends over non-friends, as well as for peers who were perceived as trustworthy. Across both studies, we found mixed evidence for the role of perceived popularity as a selection criterion. Notable, study 2 revealed the significance of "cool", "admirable" and "acting mean" as additional characteristics of preferred peers, traits that are often associated with elevated peer status. It also revealed an interest for peers perceived as being smart. These findings highlight the active role adolescents have in choosing social sources and emphasize the importance of multiple peer characteristics. Future research should investigate whether adolescents' interest in these types of peers is contingent upon specific social contexts, age groups, and peer cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlett K Slagter
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrea Gradassi
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
| | - Anna C K van Duijvenvoorde
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1001 NK, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Behavior, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Dai J, Jorgensen NA, Duell N, Capella J, Maza MT, Kwon SJ, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Neural tracking of social hierarchies in adolescents' real-world social networks. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad064. [PMID: 37978845 PMCID: PMC10656574 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we combined sociometric nominations and neuroimaging techniques to examine adolescents' neural tracking of peers from their real-world social network that varied in social preferences and popularity. Adolescent participants from an entire school district (N = 873) completed peer sociometric nominations of their grade at school, and a subset of participants (N = 117, Mage = 13.59 years) completed a neuroimaging task in which they viewed peer faces from their social networks. We revealed two neural processes by which adolescents track social preference: (1) the fusiform face area, an important region for early visual perception and social categorization, simultaneously represented both peers high in social preference and low in social preference; (2) the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which was differentially engaged in tracking peers high and low in social preference. No regions specifically tracked peers high in popularity and only the inferior parietal lobe, temporoparietal junction, midcingulate cortex and insula were involved in tracking unpopular peers. This is the first study to examine the neural circuits that support adolescents' perception of peer-based social networks. These findings identify the neural processes that allow youths to spontaneously keep track of peers' social value within their social network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Dai
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Nathan A Jorgensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Natasha Duell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Jimmy Capella
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Maria T Maza
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
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3
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Sorjonen K, Nilsonne G, Melin B. Distorted meta-analytic findings on peer influence: A reanalysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21458. [PMID: 37954301 PMCID: PMC10632712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent meta-analysis, Giletta et al. (2021) [1] found a positive effect of peers' behavior at time 1 on target youths' behavior at time 2 while adjusting for target youths' behavior at time 1 and claimed to have quantified peer influence. However, it is established that controlled cross-lagged effects could be due to correlations with measurement errors and reversion in the direction of the mean rather than due to true decreasing or increasing effects. Here, in a reanalysis of the same meta-analytic data as used by Giletta et al., we found that peer influence, as operationalized by Giletta et al., may have been distorted (i.e. spurious). We do not claim that peer influence does not exist, but it may be hard, maybe not even possible, to prove by analyses of observational data that it does exist. Difficulties to prove causal effects by analyses of observational data is common for all areas of research and not specific for research on peer influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Sorjonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Nilsonne
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Melin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Müller CP, Schumann G, Rehm J, Kornhuber J, Lenz B. Self-management with alcohol over lifespan: psychological mechanisms, neurobiological underpinnings, and risk assessment. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2683-2696. [PMID: 37117460 PMCID: PMC10615763 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Self-management includes all behavioural measures and cognitive activities aimed at coping with challenges arising throughout the lifespan. While virtually all of these challenges can be met without pharmacological means, alcohol consumption has long been instrumentalized as a supporting tool to help coping with problems arising selectively at adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the first systematic review of alcohol instrumentalization throughout lifespan. We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and CINAHL (from Jan, 1990, to Dec, 2022) and analysed consumption patterns, goals and potential neurobiological mechanisms. Evidence shows a regular non-addictive use of alcohol to self-manage developmental issues during adolescence, adulthood, and ageing. Alcohol is selectively used to overcome problems arising from dysfunctional personality traits, which manifest in adolescence. A large range of psychiatric disorders gives rise to alcohol use for the self-management of distinct symptoms starting mainly in adulthood. We identify those neuropharmacological effects of alcohol that selectively serve self-management under specific conditions. Finally, we discuss the adverse effects and associated risks that arise from the use of alcohol for self-management. Even well-controlled alcohol use adversely impacts health. Based on these findings, we suggest the implementation of an entirely new view. Health policy action may actively embrace both sides of the phenomenon through a personalized informed use that allows for harm-controlled self-management with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Gunter Schumann
- The Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- PONS Centre, Charite Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapie, CCM, Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Xiao B, Xie X, Chen W, Law D, Onditi H, Liu J, Shapka J. Measurement Invariance of the Resistance to Peer Influence Scale Across Culture and Gender. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The current study aimed to test for measurement invariance of the Resistance to Peer Influence scale across samples of Chinese, Canadian, and Tanzanian. Participants included N = 3,771 students from four public schools in China ( N = 2,073, Mage = 16.36 years, SD = 1.14 years; 925 boys), from sixteen public schools in Canada ( N = 642, Mage = 12.13 years, SD = 0.78 years; 321 boys), and from four public schools in Tanzanian ( N = 1,056, Mage = 15.87 years, SD = 2.02 years; 558 boys). Students provided self-reports of resistance to peer influence. The results from multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and the alignment optimization method demonstrated that configural, metric, and partial scalar invariances of resistance to peer influence held across gender and all three countries. Chinese boys had the highest factor mean levels and Canadian boys had the lowest. The findings help us understand peer influence resistance across cultures and genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xiao
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Xie
- Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wanfen Chen
- School of Education, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Danielle Law
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hezron Onditi
- Dar es Salaam University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Junsheng Liu
- Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jennifer Shapka
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
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Gázquez Linares JJ, Barragán Martín AB, Molero Jurado MDM, Simón Márquez MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Martos Martínez Á, Del Pino Salvador RM. Perception of Parental Attitudes and Self-Efficacy in Refusing Alcohol Drinking and Smoking by Spanish Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:808. [PMID: 36613129 PMCID: PMC9819710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to initiation of the use of substances harmful to health, and its increase is cause for concern. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy in refusing alcohol and the attitude of adolescents toward drugs and their perception of their parents' attitude toward refusal. The study was carried out in 2019 in a sample of 1287 students from 11 public high schools in the province of Almería (Spain). Students were aged 14 to 18 in their 3rd and 4th year of compulsory secondary education. The Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised Adolescent version (DRSEQ-RA), Attitudes Toward Taking Drugs-Basic BIP Scale and the Parents' attitudes Toward Drug Use were administered. The results showed that family relationships seem to have a direct impact on adolescent patterns in smoking and drinking alcohol. However, a favorable attitude toward drugs is a risk factor for drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco. The self-efficacy dimension also acts as a protective factor against the probability of using alcohol or tobacco. The conclusions emphasized that communication within the family core can increase or decrease the risk of adolescents using substances harmful to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Department of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia 7500912, Chile
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7
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Laursen B, Leggett-James MP, Valdes OM. Relative likeability and relative popularity as sources of influence in children's friendships. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283117. [PMID: 37172045 PMCID: PMC10180626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study contrasts two forms of peer status as sources of friend influence: Relative likeability and relative popularity. Participants included 310 children (142 boys, 168 girls), ages 9 to 12, in stable reciprocated friendships. Peer nominations were collected at two time points, 8 to 14 weeks apart. After removing overlapping variance through residualization, partners in each friend dyad were categorized into roles on the basis of relative (to the partner) popularity and relative (to the partner) likeability. Dyadic analyses compared more- and less-liked friends and more- and less-popular friends in terms of their influence over physical aggression, relational aggression, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement. Higher initial relational aggression, prosocial behavior, and academic achievement among more-liked partners predicted greater increases in the same among less-liked partners, but not the reverse. Unexpectedly, physical aggression among less-liked partners predicted increases in physical aggression among more-liked partners. More popular friends did not influence less popular friends on any of these variables, although (also unexpectedly) less-popular friends influenced the academic achievement of more-popular friends. Taken together, the findings suggest that during the pre- and early adolescent years, relative influence within a friendship tends to be apportioned on the basis of likeability, not popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Laursen
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Olivia M Valdes
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
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8
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Nwachukwu KN, Healey KL, Swartzwelder HS, Marshall SA. The Influence of Sex on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neurotrophic Responses on the Persistent Effects of Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure into Adulthood. Neuroscience 2022; 506:68-79. [PMID: 36343720 PMCID: PMC9764262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, approximately 90% of alcohol consumed by adolescents is binge drinking. Binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence promotes dysregulation of neurotrophic responses and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These effects include changes in proliferation, regulation, differentiation, and maturation of neurons, and there is indication that such effects may be disproportionate between sexes. This study determined whether sex impacts neurotrophic responses and neurogenesis in adulthood after adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. To determine this, adolescent rats underwent AIE with ethanol (5 g/kg). In adulthood, animals were euthanized, and immunohistochemical techniques and ELISAs were utilized to determine AIE effects on sex-specific neurogenesis factors and neurotrophic markers, respectively. AIE exposure led to a significant decrease in neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation indicated by reductions in the numbers of DCX+, SOX2+ and Ki-67+ cells in male and female AIE-exposed rats. Additionally, AIE increased markers for the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, in the hippocampus into adulthood in male AIE-exposed rats only. No significant AIE-induced differences were observed in the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, nor in the neurotrophic factors BDNF and GDNF. Altogether, our findings indicate that although AIE did not have a persistent effect on hippocampal neurotrophic levels, there was still a reduction in neurogenesis. The neurogenic impairment was not sex specific, but the neurogenic deficits in males may be attributed to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. A persistent impairment in neurogenesis may have an impact on both behavioral maladaptations and neurodegeneration in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala N Nwachukwu
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States; Integrated Biosciences PhD Program, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Kati L Healey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, United States
| | - S Alex Marshall
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, United States.
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Wilhoit SA, Goodnight JA. Deviant peer affiliation mediates the prospective association from impulsivity to alcohol use in late adolescence. J Adolesc 2022; 95:454-467. [PMID: 36451310 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has found that impulsivity and deviant peer affiliation predict alcohol use among adolescents. However, it remains unclear to what extent these risk factors predict alcohol use in conjunction with one another, and to what extent they predict over and above correlated risk factors, such as pre-existing externalizing problems and sociodemographic characteristics. The present study tested the hypothesis that deviant peer affiliation would mediate the prospective association between impulsivity and alcohol use in adolescence (ages 13-18 years), controlling for a wide range of family and child-level covariates. METHODS Analyses were conducted using data from 2318 participants from the Longitudinal Cohort Study of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Participants were approximately 9, 12, or 15 years of age at wave 1 of the study, with waves 2 and 3 taking place at approximately 2-year intervals. The sample composition was 50.3% male, 46.1% Hispanic, 35.6% Black, non-Hispanic, 14.4% White, non-Hispanic, and 3.9% other race/ethnicity. RESULTS Results from path analyses indicated that the prospective association between impulsivity and alcohol use was mediated by peer deviance, but only for the oldest (age 15) cohort. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study suggest that despite impulsivity being a dispositional characteristic, its effects on alcohol use in later adolescence are achieved through a social pathway, via affiliation with deviant peers. It further suggests that this pathway, especially the link from impulsivity to affiliation with deviant peers, may not operate until late adolescence. Findings suggest that alcohol use may be prevented or reduced among impulsive adolescents by reducing their exposure to delinquent peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Wilhoit
- Department of Psychology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
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10
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Bainter TEG, Ackerman ML. Conformity Behaviors: a Qualitative Phenomenological Exploration of Binge Drinking Among Female College Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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11
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Sârbu EA, Nadolu B, Runcan R, Tomiță M, Lazăr F. Social predictors of the transition from anomie to deviance in adolescence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269236. [PMID: 35731720 PMCID: PMC9216585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a complicated, full of challenges and explorations period in life on the way to adulthood. The behaviour of adolescents is considerably re-configuring under the pressure of biological, psychological, and social transformations, and the internalization of community rules and values, as well as the adoption of desirable behaviours, is not always easy or successful. During adolescence, anomie can easily become an attractive status quo, but it can also evolve, however, relatively easy, to delinquency. This exploratory study, part of the Planet Youth project, is based on an analysis of 17 items from a questionnaire applied to a sample of 2,694 young people in Bucharest, Romania, in 2018, high schoolers in grades 9–11. The main objective of this approach was to assess the impact of some socio-cultural factors regarding school, family, peer group, and neighbourhood on the adoption of deviant and delinquent behaviours among Bucharest teenagers. For data analysis, two dependent variables were built by aggregating items in the questionnaire: the level of anomie (composed of 8 items) and deviant behaviour (composed of 17 items). As independent variables, 17 predictors composed from 67 questions from the questionnaire were used. The main results reflect a high level of anomie among the adolescents of Bucharest and a low level of deviance, and a weak link between these two variables. On the other hand, adolescent anomie and deviance are favoured by anger management, perceived peer attitudes to substance use and digital leisure, together with low parental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Adrian Sârbu
- Faculty of Baptist Theology and Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Nadolu
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timisoara, Romania
- * E-mail:
| | - Remus Runcan
- Faculty of Educational Science, Psychology and Social Work,Aurel Vlaicu, University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tomiță
- Faculty of Sociology and Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Lazăr
- Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Veenstra R, Lodder GMA. On the microfoundations of the link between classroom social norms and behavioral development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254221100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the link between social norms and behavioral development as presented in research on norms regarding bullying and aggression. The aim is to present a conceptual framework for how classroom norms may explain children’s decisions to defend others or refrain from defending. Norms emerge from group consensus about what is appropriate in given social circumstances, and can also shape, constrain, and redirect behavior at the individual level. The study of norms has gained much attraction in peer relation research, and has turned attention to group-level processes, often defined at the classroom level, which create and sustain shared meanings that impact behavioral and social adjustment. Norm conformity, pluralistic ignorance, and power balance are presented as potential micro-level mechanisms for the link between classroom popularity (or rejection) norms and defending behavior. Directions for further research are discussed, including the need to assess and test the microfoundations directly, examine gender-specific versus common norms, focus on competing classroom norms, test developmental effects of norms, examine the impact of teachers on social norms, and pay attention to the influence of personal norms.
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13
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Bullo A, Schulz PJ. Parent-child Communication, Social Norms, and the Development of Cyber Aggression in Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1774-1786. [PMID: 35595923 PMCID: PMC9279223 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To understand the development of cyber aggression during adolescence, it is important to consider the temporal variability of its potential predictors. This study uses a four-wave survey to investigate how changes in peer norms, parental norms, and parental communication are associated with two-year trajectories of online peer aggression. The sample includes 1521 Swiss middle school students (Mage T1 = 11.54, SD = 0.40; 48% female). The results showed that over time a better parental communication quality and anti-aggression norms predicted lower rates and slower development of cyber aggression. Moreover, parental variables emerged as a quite stable deterrent of aggressive conduct. Although entrance into adolescence is characterized by the rise of peer influence, results from this study suggest that parents maintain an important protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bullo
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Schulz
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland. .,Department of Communications and Media, Ewha Womans Univeristy, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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DeLay D, Burk WJ, Laursen B. Assessing Peer Influence and Susceptibility to Peer Influence Using Individual and Dyadic Moderators in a Social Network Context: The Case of Adolescent Alcohol Misuse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 46:208-221. [PMID: 35645435 PMCID: PMC9139630 DOI: 10.1177/01650254221084102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Higher accepted friends are known to influence the alcohol misuse of lower accepted friends, but not the reverse. The present study was designed to address the origins of this influence: Are higher accepted friends particularly influential or are lower accepted friends particularly susceptible to influence? To address this question, we introduce an innovative application of longitudinal social network techniques (RSIENA) designed to distinguish being influential from being susceptible to influence. The results revealed that influence was a product of heightened susceptibility among low accepted adolescents, rather than heightened influence among high accepted adolescents. The findings are consistent with claims that low accepted youth fear the consequences of nonconformity and adjust their behavior to more closely resemble their affiliates.
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van Keulen H, Voogt C, Kleinjan M, Kramer J, Andree R, van Empelen P. The development of a dynamically tailored mobile alcohol intervention entitled ‘What Do You Drink’ to reduce excessive drinking among Dutch lower educated (MBO) students aged 16 to 24 years: An Intervention Mapping approach (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36969. [PMID: 35969428 PMCID: PMC9412899 DOI: 10.2196/36969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high prevalence and adverse consequences of excessive drinking among lower-educated adolescents and young adults are public concerns in the Netherlands. Evidence-based alcohol prevention programs targeting adolescents and young adults with a low educational background are sparse. Objective This study aimed to describe the planned process for the theory- and evidence-based development, implementation, and evaluation of a dynamically tailored mobile alcohol intervention, entitled What Do You Drink (WDYD), aimed at lower-educated students from secondary vocational education and training (Middelbaar Beroepsonderwijs in Dutch). Methods We used intervention mapping as the framework for the systematic development of WDYD. It consists of the following six steps: assessing needs (step 1), formulating intervention objectives (step 2), translating theoretical methods into practical applications (step 3), integrating these into a coherent program (step 4), anticipating future implementation and adoption (step 5), and developing an evaluation plan (step 6). Results Reducing excessive drinking among Dutch lower-educated students aged 16 to 24 years was defined as the desired behavioral outcome and subdivided into the following five program objectives: make the decision to reduce drinking, set realistic drinking goals, use effective strategies to achieve drinking goals, monitor own drinking behavior, and evaluate own drinking behavior and adjust goals. Risk awareness, motivation, social norms, and self-efficacy were identified as the most important and changeable individual determinants related to excessive drinking and, therefore, were incorporated into WDYD. Dynamic tailoring was selected as the basic intervention method for changing these determinants. A user-centered design strategy was used to enhance the fit of the intervention to the needs of students. The intervention was developed in 4 iterations, and the prototypes were subsequently tested with the students and refined. This resulted in a completely automated, standalone native app in which students received dynamically tailored feedback regarding their alcohol use and goal achievement via multiple sessions within 17 weeks based on diary data assessing their alcohol consumption, motivation, confidence, and mood. A randomized controlled trial with ecological momentary assessments will be used to examine the effects, use, and acceptability of the intervention. Conclusions The use of intervention mapping led to the development of an innovative, evidence-based intervention to reduce excessive alcohol consumption among lower-educated Dutch adolescents and young adults. Developing an intervention based on theory and empirical evidence enables researchers and program planners to identify and retain effective intervention elements and to translate the intervention to new populations and settings. This is important, as black boxes, or poorly described interventions, have long been a criticism of the eHealth field, and effective intervention elements across mobile health alcohol interventions are still largely unknown. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Registry NTR6619; https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR6619
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde van Keulen
- Department of Child Health, TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Voogt
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeannet Kramer
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rosa Andree
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Empelen
- Department of Child Health, TNO (Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research), Leiden, Netherlands
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Laursen B, Veenstra R. Toward understanding the functions of peer influence: A summary and synthesis of recent empirical research. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:889-907. [PMID: 34820944 PMCID: PMC8630732 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence demonstrates that peer influence is a pervasive force during adolescence, one that shapes adaptive and maladaptive attitudes and behaviors. This literature review focuses on factors that make adolescence a period of special vulnerability to peer influence. Herein, we advance the Influence-Compatibility Model, which integrates converging views about early adolescence as a period of increased conformity with evidence that peer influence functions to increase affiliate similarity. Together, these developmental forces smooth the establishment of friendships and integration into the peer group, promote interpersonal and intragroup compatibility, and eliminate differences that might result in social exclusion.
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Graupensperger S, Jaffe AE, Fleming CNB, Kilmer JR, Lee CM, Larimer ME. Changes in college student alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Are perceived drinking norms still relevant? EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2021; 9:531-540. [PMID: 34900403 PMCID: PMC8664006 DOI: 10.1177/2167696820986742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With widespread concern for increased alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a pressing need to examine changes in young adults' alcohol use and to identify antecedents of increased use. We tested the hypothesis that self-reported changes in alcohol use during the pandemic (frequency, quantity, heavy episodic drinking) would relate to perceptions of peers' changes in alcohol use. In April of 2020, 507 college students self-reported changes in their alcohol use and perceived changes in use for typical students at their university (i.e., norms). Most students in our sample reported decreased alcohol use and perceived decreases in peers' alcohol use. Perceptions of peers' changes in alcohol use behavior strongly related to changes in students' own alcohol use. Findings provide strong support for norms-based strategies that can correct normative misperceptions by highlighting the fact that most college students are not in fact engaging in heavier alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Please direct correspondence to Scott Graupensperger: , (541) 948-3325
| | - Anna E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska Lincoln; Lincoln, NE
| | - Charles N. B. Fleming
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Jason R. Kilmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Christine M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Mary E. Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington; Seattle, WA
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Veenstra R, Laninga-Wijnen L. Peer network studies and interventions in adolescence. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:157-163. [PMID: 34662775 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peer influence occurs across a wide variety of behavioral domains, which is an important reason for peer-led interventions: interventions in which peers are involved in the delivery of the program. These programs are promising in combatting undesirable behaviors (e.g. risk behavior) and promoting desirable behavior (e.g. healthy lifestyle), but it was shown recently that the effectiveness of these programs is modest at best and the mechanisms underlying programs' effectiveness are poorly understood. Research is needed that promotes understanding of the relative, cumulative, and interactive impacts of different types of peer relations and unpacks the various mechanisms underlying peer selection and influence. This has the potential to yield insights that advance theory and optimize peer-led interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Veenstra
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lydia Laninga-Wijnen
- Department of Sociology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712, TS Groningen, the Netherlands
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Differences in Adolescents' Alcohol Use and Smoking Behavior between Educational Tracks: Do Popularity Norms Matter? J Youth Adolesc 2021; 50:1884-1895. [PMID: 34232445 PMCID: PMC8352811 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-021-01467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Explanations about differences in drinking and smoking rates between educational tracks have so far mainly focused on factors outside the classroom. The extent to which these behaviors are rewarded with popularity within a classroom—so called popularity norms—and their interaction with individual characteristics could explain the observed differences in risk behavior. 1860 adolescents (Mage = 13.04; 50% girls) from 81 different classrooms reported three times during one academic year about their own and their classmates behavior. Overall, in vocational tracks popularity norms for alcohol and smoking were more positive and predicted classroom differences in alcohol and smoking. Knowledge about classroom processes can advance the field in unraveling the functional aspects of risk behavior in adolescence. Preregistration: The hypotheses and the analytical plan of this study were preregistered under number #39136 (https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x=gx77p6).
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Osmont A, Camarda A, Habib M, Cassotti M. Peers' Choices Influence Adolescent Risk-taking Especially When Explicit Risk Information is Lacking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:402-416. [PMID: 33675265 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of peers' previous cautious versus risky choices on adolescents' risk-taking depending on the level of information about the risk. Adolescents completed an adaptation of the BART that manipulated social influence (cautious and risky) and risk information (i.e., informed, noninformed). Results showed that social influence impacts adolescents' decisions on the noninformed BART but not on the informed BART. In the noninformed BART, the peers' cautious choices strongly decreased risk-taking and led to greater performance. The peers' risky choices increase adolescents' risk-taking, but this effect is limited to situations involving minimal risk. Thus social experience may be a specific social context that represents a valuable source of information during adolescence, especially in situations with high uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Osmont
- Center for Research on the Psychology of Knowledge, Language and Emotion (PsyCLE-EA3273), Aix Marseille University, France
| | - Anaëlle Camarda
- Center for management science (CGS), i3 UMR CNRS, MINES ParisTech, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Habib
- DysCo Lab, Paris 8 University, COMUE Paris Lumières (UPL), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education (CNRS Unit 8240), Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité & Caen University, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
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21
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Ramsden R, Hewitt D, Williams J, Emberton L, Bennett C. Tackling student drinking within the drinking subculture of a university sports competition: a culture change approach. HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/he-01-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper explores the impact of a suite of alcohol culture change interventions implemented by Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia. The interventions were designed to change the alcohol culture at a bi-annual nation-wide university multi-sport competition known as Uni Nationals. This study aims to understand the critical success factors of the alcohol culture change initiatives that were developed by the university and implemented as part of a broader set of institutional practices.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design utilised in-depth, semi-structured interviews with nine Uni Nationals student team leaders. In total, two group interviews and four individual interviews were conducted with student team leaders who participated in the Uni Nationals. The interview transcripts were coded and themed. The themes were further refined and interpreted into a narrative. A total of two transcripts were independently coded by the first two authors. Discordant coding was flagged and discussed until a consensus was achieved. The remaining interviews were coded by the first author and discussed with the second author to ensure consistency. A socio-ecological framework was used to understand perceived changes to alcohol culture.FindingsStudent leaders were aware of and felt supported by the university-wide approach to changing the culture of Uni Nationals. Overall, the qualitative study indicated that students were positive about the alcohol culture change interventions. The leadership training that engaged team leaders in interactive activities had the greatest impact. Student leaders found the targeted messages, mocktail events and Chef de Mission (CdM) less effective cultural change strategies. However, they helped to establish expectations of students in this setting where a heightened focus on sport was associated with higher alcohol consumption.Originality/valueWhile there has been growing academic interest in exploring “drinking cultures”, there has been relatively little focus on alcohol culture of university students at sporting events. The paper contributes to addressing this gap by shedding light on the impact of a group of interventions on the drinking culture of the Uni Nationals subculture.
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Cloutier RM, Bilsky SA, Baxley C, Anderson KG, Blumenthal H. Development of the A-DISS rejection task to demonstrate the unique and overlapping affective features of social anxiety and depression. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021; 45:74-89. [PMID: 33776170 PMCID: PMC7992050 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety (SA) and depression are prevalent, often comorbid disorders, associated with poor psychosocial functioning. Experimental psychopathology approaches can clarify the transdiagnostic mechanisms underlying these disorders, but most laboratory tasks are limited. We developed and validated the Audio-Dialogue Inductions of Social Stress (A-DISS) experimental task to model real-time rejection sensitivity in a realistic and developmentally relevant context. Participants are asked to imagine overhearing peers at a party talking badly about them (Rejection) or a teacher at their school (Neutral). METHODS Study 1 focused on identifying and refining stimuli that elicited relevant emotional responses for Rejection (e.g., increased anxiety) and Neutral (e.g., no emotional changes) conditions (N=48). Study 2 examined whether participants' SA and depression symptoms moderated the effects of A-DISS condition (N=52). RESULTS The Rejection condition elicited higher negative affect/lower positive affect while the Neutral condition sustained stable affect. Findings were consistent across gender and race/ethnicity. Moderation analyses were statistically significant; participants with elevated SA or depression reported feeling more rejected, insecure, and anxious after Rejection than those with below average symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide preliminary validation of a novel peer rejection task for research on understanding the affective experience of real-time rejection overall, especially for those with elevated SA and depression. SA and depression symptoms each uniquely moderating the effects of Rejection exposure on similar affective states, suggests individuals with SA or depression may benefit from interventions targeting specific reactions to rejection/stress and transdiagnostic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Cloutier
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 423 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America (Present Address)
| | - Sarah A Bilsky
- Department of Psychology, The University of Mississippi, 302D Peabody Hall, University Park, MS, 38677
| | - Catherine Baxley
- Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, 3700 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Kristen G Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Blvd. Portland, OR 97202
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Teen Stress and Alcohol Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311280, Denton, TX 76203, United States of America
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Chapoton B, Régnier Denois V, Nekaa M, Chauvin F, Flaudias V. Social Networking Sites and Perceived Content Influence: An Exploratory Analysis from Focus Groups with French Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197025. [PMID: 32992902 PMCID: PMC7579363 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social networking sites (SNSs) are invested in heavily by marketers aiming to reach a growing number of consumers. Concerns regarding the influence of posts displayed on SNSs in relation to behaviour were raised, in particular the promotion of ill-health behaviour directed to adolescents who may be at risk from suggestible practices. Although adolescents tend to be critical towards traditional forms of advertising, little is known about their perception of influencing strategies developed online, especially where sponsor- and user-generated content coexist. This exploratory study aims to gather information directly from adolescents about their use of SNSs their awareness of the influence that SNS content may have, particularly when it comes to tobacco and alcohol messages. Ten focus groups were conducted with 39 adolescents (11-16 years old; 56.4% male). Qualitative analysis documents the differences associated with adolescents' favourite SNSs. The different parameters linked to each SNS and the expectation to find entertaining content and values associated with friendship may decrease adolescents' perception of potential risk for health associated with SNS use. Authors advocate for the development of educational programs based on eHealth literacy and the use of social marketing techniques to facilitate and motivate adolescents to develop their competences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Chapoton
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Véronique Régnier Denois
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Mabrouk Nekaa
- French Academic Directorate of the National Education Services of the Loire Department, Univ. Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-69000 Lyon, France;
| | - Franck Chauvin
- Institut PRESAGE, Université Lyon, Université Saint-Etienne, HESPER EA 7425, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France; (V.R.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Valentin Flaudias
- CIRCEA, Université Clermont Auvergne, Université d’Auvergne, EA NPsy-Sydo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Bidirectional Associations between Popularity, Popularity Goal, and Aggression, Alcohol Use and Prosocial Behaviors in Adolescence: A 3-Year Prospective Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:298-313. [PMID: 32865706 PMCID: PMC7875842 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' popularity and popularity goal have been shown to be related to their aggression and alcohol use. As intervention efforts increasingly aim to focus on prosocial alternatives for youth to gain status, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of how popularity and popularity goal are associated with aggression and substance use as well as prosocial behaviors over time. The current study examined the bidirectional associations of aggression (overt and relational aggression), alcohol use, and prosocial behavior with popularity and popularity goal in adolescence across 3 years using cross-lagged panel analyses. Participants were 839 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 13.36, SD = 0.98; 51.3% girls). The results indicated that popularity was consistently positively associated with popularity goal, but popularity goal did not significantly predict subsequent popularity. Popularity positively predicted elevated aggression and alcohol use, but lower levels of prosocial behavior. For the full sample, alcohol use and overt aggression in grade 7 both predicted subsequent popularity in grade 8. However, when considering gender differences, overt aggression no longer was a significant predictor of popularity. These results were discussed in terms of the dynamic interplay between popularity, popularity goal, and behaviors, and in terms of implications for prevention and intervention efforts.
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Social Capital and Social Networks of Hidden Drug Abuse in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176231. [PMID: 32867216 PMCID: PMC7503402 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing prevalence of hidden drug abuse in Hong Kong, yet scarce relevant current local research, this study seeks to carry out an in-depth investigation into the experience of hidden drug abusers, paying particular attention to their relevance to social capital and social networks. Seventy-three abusers attending drug treatment programs were interviewed, and a thematic analysis was performed. The results indicate hidden drug abuse is popular in Hong Kong. Apart from the decline of public, large-scale discos and the change of the types of drugs abused to date, one important contributing factor is the drug supply and transaction networks, which are extensive and multilocused, but secretive, with high closure levels. This kind of network is supported by bonding, bridging, and linking social capital as well as by providing convenient supply modes and offering drug abusers psychological comfort and safety. These factors encourage the hidden drug abuse to prevail and allow drug abusers to remain unidentifiable.
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Graupensperger S, Turrisi R, Jones D, Evans MB. Longitudinal Associations Between Perceptions of Peer Group Drinking Norms and Students' Alcohol Use Frequency Within College Sport Teams. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:541-552. [PMID: 31943243 PMCID: PMC7018577 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' alcohol use behaviors are shaped by the attitudes and behaviors of others, especially the peers within students' proximal social groups. Explaining the association between perceived drinking norms and alcohol use, researchers propose contradicting pathways that focus on conformity (i.e., social norms predict alcohol use) and projection (i.e., alcohol use predicts perceived norms). The current study examined the extent to which conformity and projection processes were evident in the association between college student alcohol use and the perceived alcohol use norms for students' club sport teams. METHODS The sample comprised 1,054 college students (61% female) nested in 35 intact same-sex club sport teams. On 3 separate occasions during a single school year (3-month lag), participants reported drinking frequency and perceptions of descriptive and injunctive group drinking norms. We employed random intercepts cross-lagged panel modeling to estimate prospective within-person associations separately from stable trait-like between-person associations. RESULTS Descriptive and injunctive group drinking norms were both positively related to students' alcohol use frequency at the between-person level. Individuals nevertheless demonstrated variability at the within-person level. Results revealed a strong contemporaneous association between descriptive norms and alcohol use frequency within each timepoint, but no prospective associations. Models including perceptions of injunctive drinking norms demonstrated similar contemporaneous associations with alcohol use frequency, but also identified significant prospective associations signifying conformity. CONCLUSIONS Findings align with previous research reporting a strong and positive association between student's self-reported alcohol use and subjective peer alcohol use norms. After disentangling within- and between-person effects to probe for conformity and projection processes, the current findings are somewhat contrary to previous research that has reported reciprocal relationships between social norms and alcohol use behavior. Further investigation of the potential conformity and projection mechanisms of social norms is critical to advance norm-based strategies to reduce harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
- Edna Bennett-Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Damon Jones
- Edna Bennett-Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
| | - M. Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University; University Park, PA, 16802
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Woerner J, Ye F, Hipwell AE, Chung T, Sartor CE. Relational Peer Victimization Interacts With Depression Severity to Predict the Timing of Alcohol Use Initiation in Adolescent Girls. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:255-263. [PMID: 31742727 PMCID: PMC6980971 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer victimization is consistently linked to adolescents' alcohol use. However, the relative influence of relational and physical peer victimization on alcohol use, and timing of drinking initiation, is not well understood. In this study, we evaluate the impact of both relational and physical peer victimization on adolescent girls' alcohol use initiation, and the extent to which depression severity moderates these associations. METHODS Participants were 2,125 girls in the Pittsburgh Girls Study, a longitudinal community-based study. Participants reported experiences of relational and physical peer victimization, depression severity, and alcohol use each year from ages 10 to 17. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression analyses predicting the timing of first drink were conducted in 2 stages, testing for main effects of peer victimization in Model 1 and moderation by depression severity in Model 2. RESULTS Analyses were split at age 14 to adjust for PH violations. Model 1 results supported a main effect for relational (Hazards ratio [HR] = 1.83, CI: 1.46 to 2.28 ≤ age 13; HR = 1.23, CI: 1.05 to 1.45 ≥ age 14) but not physical victimization on timing of alcohol use onset (HR = 1.10, CI: 0.88 to 1.39). Model 2 results show that depression severity moderates the association between relational victimization and alcohol use initiation: the association between relational victimization and early alcohol use onset was stronger for lower depression severity (-1 SD HR = 2.38, CI: 1.68 to 3.39 ≤ age 13; -1 SD HR = 1.48, CI: 1.10 to 1.52 ≥ age 14). CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that relational (and not physical) victimization predicts earlier drinking among adolescent girls. Relational peer victimization conferred greater risk for alcohol use initiation when depression severity was lower, whereas girls with high depression severity engaged in early alcohol use regardless of peer victimization. Results suggest that interventions focused on relational peer victimization may have spillover effects for delaying girls' alcohol use initiation, particularly in early adolescence, when this association is most robust.
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Gitatui M, Kimani S, Muniu S, Okube O. Determinants of harmful use of alcohol among urban slum dwelling adults in Kenya. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2906-2925. [PMID: 32127866 PMCID: PMC7040319 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmful alcohol use is a public health problem associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. However, patterns and dynamics of alcohol use among slum-dwellers in Kenya are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To establish determinants of harmful alcohol use among adults in an urban slum setting in Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study involving a consecutively selected sample (N=215) from Githurai, in Nairobi. A pre-tested questionnaire that captured data on socio-demographics, drinking patterns, type, reasons, initiator, and support system. RESULTS Of the respondents, those above 31 years, married, separated/divorced/widowed, of high education, earning above 50 USD, and from dysfunctional families consumed more alcohol. Low earners consumed (p < 0.05) unrecorded while high earners drank (p< 0.001) recorded alcohol. Adults from families with a drinking father and sibling consumed more alcohol (p=0.001). Single, low educational attainment/earners, and those in dysfunctional families (p <0.05) drank due to stress and reported alcohol-related problems. Young, unmarried, and casual laborers were introduced (p < 0.05) to alcohol by friends. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic, economic, familial, social interactions, and stress are associated with harmful alcohol use among adults from slums calling for interventions targeting these factors.
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Groefsema MM, Mies GW, Cousijn J, Engels RCME, Sescousse G, Luijten M. Brain responses and approach bias to social alcohol cues and their association with drinking in a social setting in young adult males. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1491-1503. [PMID: 31498505 PMCID: PMC7155040 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is mainly consumed in social settings, in which people often adapt their drinking behaviour to that of others, also called imitation of drinking. Yet, it remains unclear what drives this drinking in a social setting. In this study, we expected to see stronger brain and behavioural responses to social compared to non-social alcohol cues, and these responses to be associated with drinking in a social setting. The sample consisted of 153 beer-drinking males, aged 18-25 years. Brain responses to social alcohol cues were measured during an alcohol cue-exposure task performed in an fMRI scanner. Behavioural responses to social alcohol cues were measured using a stimulus-response compatibility task, providing an index of approach bias towards these cues. Drinking in a social setting was measured in a laboratory mimicking a bar environment. Specific brain responses to social alcohol cues were observed in the bilateral superior temporal sulcus and the left inferior parietal lobe. There was no approach bias towards social alcohol cues specifically; however, we did find an approach bias towards alcohol (versus soda) cues in general. Brain responses and approach bias towards social alcohol cues were unrelated and not associated with actual drinking. Thus, we found no support for a relation between drinking in a social setting on the one hand, and brain cue-reactivity or behavioural approach biases to social alcohol cues on the other hand. This suggests that, in contrast to our hypothesis, drinking in a social setting may not be driven by brain or behavioural responses to social alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine M Groefsema
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabry W Mies
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Cousijn
- Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guillaume Sescousse
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, PSYR2 Team, Lyon, France.,CH Le Vinatier, Service Universitaire d'Addictologie, Bron, France
| | - Maartje Luijten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Ivaniushina V, Titkova V, Alexandrov D. Peer influence in adolescent drinking behaviour: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of stochastic actor-based modeling studies. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028709. [PMID: 31326933 PMCID: PMC6661693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol consumption is a considerable public health problem that is especially harmful to young people. To develop effective prevention programmes targeted at adolescents, it is important to understand the social mechanisms triggering alcohol consumption. Among such mechanisms, peer influence plays an important role. The effects of peer influence are very difficult to evaluate because of the entanglement with social selection, that is, a tendency of people to befriend others with similar behaviour. The recently developed stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOM) approach is designed to disentangle social influence from social selection. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies employing SAOM methodology to evaluate the effects of social influence on adolescent drinking behaviour. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In order to analyse the co-evolution of alcohol consumption and adolescent friendship networks, we will collect articles that use SAOM methodology through systematic electronic searches in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), EBSCOhost (MEDLINE, SocINDEX, Academic Source, ERIC), ProQuest (ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global), PsycINFO (PsycNET), Excerpta Medica database (Embase) and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). We will collect the literature from academic journals, dissertations/theses, reports and conference materials. Three reviewers will retrieve and independently assess potentially relevant material in terms of whether they comply with prespecified criteria. Subsequently, we will summarise the results of the studies in a systematic review. If a sufficient number of studies can be found, SAOM quantitative results will be extracted and meta-analysed. The project will go from 1 December 2018 to 1 December 2019. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval will not be required as our work is based on published studies. A list of all the studies included in this work will be available for review. We plan dissemination in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal and through conference presentations. Our review will highlight the peer effect of peers in adolescent drinking behaviour and provide guidance for developing effective prevention and intervention programmes. We expect it to be informative for policy and practice, decision-making as well as for further research in public health and sociology of adolescents. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019119836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ivaniushina
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vera Titkova
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Daniel Alexandrov
- Department of Sociology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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31
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Karki S, Laukkanen E, Länsimies H, Tuomainen TP, Pietilä AM. Substance use and associated emotional and behavioral problems in Nepalese adolescents. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1562576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suyen Karki
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eila Laukkanen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Helena Länsimies
- Administrative Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Pietilä
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Cloutier RM, Zamboanga BL, Kearns N, Guillot CR, Blumenthal H. Associations of perceived drinking motives of parents and friends on adolescents' own drinking motives. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019; 25:83-94. [PMID: 33488048 PMCID: PMC7821700 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2018.1537792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents form perceptions of why their parents and friends drink alcohol that may impact adolescents' own drinking motives. This study tested whether perceived drinking motives of parents and friends are associated with adolescents' own drinking motives. Participants included community-recruited adolescents 14-17 years (N = 105; 63.8% female) who drank alcohol in the past year. Perceived parent and friend motives both related to adolescent drinking motives at the bivariate level; however, only friend motives remained statistically significant in the final hierarchical regression models controlling for relevant covariates (e.g., alcohol frequency). Findings support a social-cognitive modeling pathway in the development of adolescents' own drinking motives and highlight the perception of why others drink as a potential intervention target.
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Cloutier RM, Schuler KL, Kearns N, Ruggero CJ, Lewis SF, Blumenthal H. Posttraumatic stress severity is associated with coping motives for alcohol use among in-patient and community recruited adolescents. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2018; 31:500-513. [PMID: 29996679 PMCID: PMC6289047 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1498278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A growing body of work suggests individuals with more severe post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are at higher risk for developing problematic alcohol use outcomes. Extending work from the adult literature, the present study was the first to examine the extent to which PTSS is related to drinking motives for alcohol use in both clinical and non-clinical samples of adolescents. DESIGN Hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict coping motives for alcohol use from PTSS, above and beyond demographic variables, alcohol use frequency, and other alcohol use motives. METHODS Trauma-exposed adolescents before entering treatment (Sample 1 n = 41) and recruited from the local community (Sample 2 n = 55) self-reported on PTSS and alcohol use motives. RESULTS PTSS positively predicted coping motives for alcohol use after controlling for age, gender, and alcohol use frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights the need to consider both PTSS severity, as well as underlying cognitive mechanisms (e.g., motives), to better understand the etiology of problematic alcohol use among trauma-exposed youth. Future work focused on clarifying the trajectory of alcohol use motives and problems as a function of PTSS is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M. Cloutier
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Keke L. Schuler
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Nathan Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Camilo J. Ruggero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Lewis
- Center for Research, Assessment, and Treatment Efficacy (CReATE); Asheville, NC
| | - Heidemarie Blumenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States of America
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DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK, Balestrieri SG, Ott MQ, Cox MJ, Clark MA, Barnett NP. Resistance to peer influence moderates the relationship between perceived (but not actual) peer norms and binge drinking in a college student social network. Addict Behav 2018; 80:47-52. [PMID: 29331611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adolescent and young adult binge drinking is strongly associated with perceived social norms and the drinking behavior that occurs within peer networks. The extent to which an individual is influenced by the behavior of others may depend upon that individual's resistance to peer influence (RPI). METHODS Students in their first semester of college (N=1323; 54.7% female, 57% White, 15.1% Hispanic) reported on their own binge drinking, and the perceived binge drinking of up to 10 important peers in the first-year class. Using network autocorrelation models, we investigated cross-sectional relationships between participant's binge drinking frequency and the perceived and actual binge drinking frequency of important peers. We then tested the moderating role of RPI, expecting that greater RPI would weaken the relationship between perceived and actual peer binge drinking on participant binge drinking. RESULTS Perceived and actual peer binge drinking were statistically significant predictors of participant binge drinking frequency in the past month, after controlling for covariates. RPI significantly moderated the association between perceptions of peer binge drinking and participant's own binge drinking; this association was weaker among participants with higher RPI compared to those with lower RPI. RPI did not interact with the actual binge drinking behavior of network peers. CONCLUSIONS RPI may function to protect individuals from the effect of their perceptions about the binge drinking of peers, but not from the effect of the actual binge drinking of peers.
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Detpitukyon S, Apidechkul T, Sunsern R, Anuwatnonthakate A, Singhhorn O, Putsa B, Thutsanti P. Patterns and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people, Northern Thailand. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-05-2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the pattern and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people in northern Thailand.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative method was used to elicit information on the patterns and perceptions of alcohol drinking amongst the Lahu tribespeople. Question guidelines had been developed from literature reviews and approved by three experts in the field of public health and alcohol studies. A total of 21 participants of different ages and sexes from 3 separate Lahu villages were invited to provide information. All interviews were taped and transcribed before analysis. A content analysis was used.
Findings
Lahu people begin alcohol consumption at an average of 12 years, with males usually beginning before females of the same age. Consuming alcohol is perceived to be a sign of adulthood and is also used as a means of gaining social acceptance from others in the community. Alcohol is consumed throughout the year with young and old, male and females, describing varied reasons for drinking. Income, parental behavior, and peer pressure contributes to the onset of alcohol drinking among young Lahu people. Several factors contributed to the use of alcohol among the Lahu people such as sex, age, occupation and income, peer pressure, taste and price as well as cultural adaptations amongst the farming community that play a significant role in the frequency of alcohol consumption amongst the Lahu community.
Originality/value
The results should support the development of peer education on the negative impact of alcohol use among the young people, and development of a community agreement on reducing excessive alcohol use in the Lahu community should be implemented.
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36
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Deutsch AR, Steinley D, Sher KJ, Slutske WS. Who's Got the Booze? The Role of Access to Alcohol in the Relations Between Social Status and Individual Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 78:754-762. [PMID: 28930063 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The findings of previous research that examined relationships between popularity and alcohol use in adolescents have been mixed, and few hypotheses have proposed mechanisms for this relationship. The current study expands on previous literature (a) by examining a possible mechanism that can explain the relation between popularity and alcohol use (home access to alcohol) and (b) by using another sociometric measure ("betweenness"), beyond popularity, that may relate more to home alcohol access. METHOD Using network-level data from adolescents in 9th-11th grades in eight schools within two in-home waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examined two sociometric measures of social status: popularity (number of schoolmates who nominated participants as a friend) and betweenness (level of ties participants have to multiple social subgroups within a network). RESULTS Betweenness, but not popularity, related to later alcohol use. Having home access to alcohol positively related to later alcohol use, and having friends with home access to alcohol negatively related to later alcohol use. Alcohol access was also related to later sociometric status. Friends' alcohol access negatively related to later betweenness, and personal alcohol access moderated other pathways predicting betweenness. CONCLUSIONS Betweenness appears to play a unique role in the association between social status and alcohol use in adolescent social networks. This is potentially tied to specific ways in which adolescents may be able to access alcohol (through home or through friends with access at home). More research is necessary to examine the ways in which multiple sociometric statuses relate to the contexts in which adolescents access and use alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Steinley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Wendy S Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
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Abstract
Purpose
Many existing interventions to reduce excessive drinking in university students attempt to target individual cognitions, which ignore the wider contextual features that drive excessive drinking and mark this as an important aspect of university life. The purpose of this paper is to explore students’ views about preventing excessive drinking at university, specifically by using frameworks that take into both account individual and social influences.
Design/methodology/approach
In all, 23 young adults aged 20-30 (12 females; M age=22.91; SD=2.57; 18 students, five recent graduates) took part in semi-structured interviews to explore their views about drinking and measures to reduce excessive consumption. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.
Findings
There were three themes identified in the analysis. These themes were named “the role of alcohol in student life”, drinking transitions’, and “prevention challenges” and each had related sub-themes.
Practical implications
Targeting students before they commence their course and highlighting aspects of university life that do not involve alcohol may help to reduce the pressure often felt to drink in social situations. Providing novel, credible alternative socialising options that do not involve alcohol should be explored to determine their acceptability, and their potential to reduce excessive drinking.
Originality/value
Few studies explore what students themselves think about reducing alcohol consumption and most interventions focus on changing individual cognitions rather than features of the social environment. This study highlights that changing social practices related to drinking in combination with targeting individuals may be more fruitful avenue to reduce excessive alcohol consumption.
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de Boer A, Harakeh Z. The Effect of Active and Passive Peer Discouragement on Adolescent Risk taking: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:878-889. [PMID: 29152864 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effect of peer discouragement on adolescent risk taking. Overall, 269 Dutch adolescents aged 11-15 years completed a risk taking computer task in the presence of an e-confederate who demonstrated very little risk taking (passive peer discouragement) and/or sent risk-discouraging messages to participants (active peer discouragement). The results showed that, compared to a situation with no peer discouragement, adolescents took significantly less risk only when they encountered a combination of active and passive peer discouragement; hence, when peers practiced what they preached. No gender differences were found in the effect of passive and active peer discouragement on risk taking. The results showed that digital peer messages play a promising role in diminishing adolescent risk taking.
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Pedersen W, Bakken A, von Soest T. Neighborhood or School? Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Urban Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:2073-2087. [PMID: 29185208 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the relative influences of neighborhood and school on the alcohol socialization process. Survey data from the Young in Oslo Study (N = 10,038, mean age 17.1 years, 52% girls) were used to investigate the details of such influences, using cross-classified multilevel models. School and neighborhood contexts were equally important for ordinary alcohol use; however, neighborhood influences were mainly explained by individual and family factors, whereas peer-based sociocultural processes played a key role in explaining school effects. Neither context had much impact on heavy episodic drinking. The study suggests that "privileged" youth may be at risk of high alcohol consumption. Parental influences and peer-based sociocultural aspects of the school milieu should be considered in prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1096, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Norway and Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata, 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway
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Geusens F, Beullens K. The reciprocal associations between sharing alcohol references on social networking sites and binge drinking: A longitudinal study among late adolescents. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The effects of social contact on cocaine intake in female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 177:48-53. [PMID: 28558271 PMCID: PMC5534368 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies conducted in male rats report that social contact can either facilitate or inhibit drug intake depending on the behavior of social partners. The purpose of the present study was to: (1) examine the effects of social contact on cocaine intake in female rats, (2) examine the behavioral mechanisms by which social contact influences cocaine intake, and (3) examine whether the estrous cycle moderates the effects of social contact on cocaine intake. METHODS Female rats were assigned to either isolated or pair-housed conditions in which a social partner either had access to cocaine (cocaine partner) or did not have access to cocaine (abstinent partner). Pair-housed rats were tested in custom-built operant conditioning chambers that allowed both rats to be tested simultaneously in the same chamber. RESULTS Rats housed with a cocaine partner self-administered more cocaine than isolated rats and rats housed with an abstinent partner. A behavioral economic analysis indicated that these differences were driven by a greater intensity of cocaine demand (i.e., greater intake at lower unit prices) in rats housed with a cocaine partner. Multivariate modeling revealed that the estrous cycle did not moderate the effects of social contact on cocaine intake. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that: (1) social contact influences cocaine self-administration in females in a manner similar to that reported in males, (2) these effects are due to differences in the effects of social contact on the intensity of cocaine demand, and (3) these effects are consistent across all phases of the estrous cycle.
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Osmont A, Moutier S, Simon G, Bouhours L, Houdé O, Cassotti M. How Does Explicit Versus Implicit Risk Information Influence Adolescent Risk-Taking Engagement? JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DECISION MAKING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bdm.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Osmont
- PSYCLE (EA3273); Aix Marseille Univ; Aix-en-Provence France
| | - Sylvain Moutier
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Processes, Paris Descartes University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Grégory Simon
- CNRS Unit 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris Descartes University, Caen University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Lison Bouhours
- CNRS Unit 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris Descartes University, Caen University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Institut Universitaire de France and CNRS Unit 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris Descartes University, Caen University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - Mathieu Cassotti
- Institut Universitaire de France and CNRS Unit 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris Descartes University, Caen University; Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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Elmore KC, Scull TM, Kupersmidt JB. Media as a "Super Peer": How Adolescents Interpret Media Messages Predicts Their Perception of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Norms. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:376-387. [PMID: 27837371 PMCID: PMC5243166 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' media environment offers information about who uses substances and what happens as a result-how youth interpret these messages likely determines their impact on normative beliefs about alcohol and tobacco use. The Message Interpretation Processing (MIP) theory predicts that substance use norms are influenced by cognitions associated with the interpretation of media messages. This cross-sectional study examined whether high school adolescents' (n = 817, 48 % female, 64 % white) media-related cognitions (i.e., similarity, realism, desirability, identification) were related to their perceptions of substance use norms. Results revealed that adolescents' media-related cognitions explained a significant amount of variance in perceived social approval for and estimated prevalence of peer alcohol and tobacco use, above and beyond previous use and demographic covariates. Compared to prevalence norms, social approval norms were more closely related to adolescents' media-related cognitions. Results suggest that critical thinking about media messages can inhibit normative perceptions that are likely to increase adolescents' interest in alcohol and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen C Elmore
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, Cornell University, Beebe Hall, 110 Plantations Rd., Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Tracy M Scull
- Innovation Research & Training, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
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Individual Popularity, Peer Group Popularity Composition and Adolescents' Alcohol Consumption. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:1716-1726. [PMID: 27848127 PMCID: PMC5491679 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have convincingly shown associations between popularity and adolescent drinking. This study examined whether the popularity composition of the peer group and the relative difference in popularity between adolescents and their peers are also associated with adolescent drinking. Participants were 800 adolescents (M age = 14.73; SDage = 1.00; 51.6 % girls) from 31 classrooms who completed peer ratings of popularity and self-reports of alcohol consumption. Results showed that drinking was higher among popular than unpopular adolescents, higher among popular adolescents surrounded by less popular classmates, and lower in classrooms with more variability in popularity. Thus, beyond individual popularity, peer group popularity composition also should be taken into account when investigating antisocial and health risk behaviors in adolescence such as drinking.
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45
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de Water E, Burk WJ, Cillessen AHN, Scheres A. Substance use and decision-making in adolescent best friendship dyads: The role of popularity. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik de Water
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - William J. Burk
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | | | - Anouk Scheres
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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46
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Teunissen HA, Kuntsche E, Scholte RHJ, Spijkerman R, Prinstein MJ, Engels RCME. Friends' drinking norms and male adolescents' alcohol consumption: The moderating role of performance-based peer influence susceptibility. J Adolesc 2016; 53:45-54. [PMID: 27622919 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the relationship between friends' drinking norms and male adolescents' alcohol use is moderated by performance-based peer influence susceptibility. Seventy-three male adolescents (M = 17 years) from three schools in the Netherlands were exposed to the drinking norms of "peers" (electronic confederates) in a chat room experiment. These peers were either popular or unpopular, and conveyed pro- or anti-alcohol norms. Peer influence susceptibility was defined as the change in adolescents' answers before and after exposure to the peer norms. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that the relationship between friends' drinking norms and adolescents' alcohol use (assessed during eight weekends) was moderated by susceptibility to the pro-alcohol norms of popular peers. This relationship was stronger for adolescents who were highly susceptible. These findings suggest that a behavioral measure of peer influence susceptibility could be useful in alcohol prevention programs to select adolescents at risk for negative peer socialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke A Teunissen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Developmental Psychopathology, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Addiction Switzerland, Research Institute, PO Box 870, 1001, Lausanne, Switzerland; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Developmental Psychopathology, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ron H J Scholte
- Praktikon, PO Box 6909, 6503 GK, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Department of Developmental Psychopathology, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Renske Spijkerman
- Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC), Brijder Addiction Care, Parnassia Bavo Group, PO Box 53002, 2505 AA, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, CB#3270 Davie Hall, UNC-CH, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), PO Box 725, 3500 AS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Rambaran JA, Hopmeyer A, Schwartz D, Steglich C, Badaly D, Veenstra R. Academic Functioning and Peer Influences: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study of Network-Behavior Dynamics in Middle Adolescence. Child Dev 2016; 88:523-543. [PMID: 27580016 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the associations between peer effects and academic functioning in middle adolescence (N = 342; 14-15 years old; 48% male) were investigated longitudinally. Similarity in achievement (grade point averages) and unexplained absences (truancy) was explained by both peer selection and peer influence, net of acceptance, and connectedness. Friendships were formed and maintained when adolescents had low levels of achievement or high levels of truancy. Friends influenced one another to increase rather than decrease in achievement and truancy. Moreover, friends' popularity moderated peer influences in truancy in reciprocal friendships but not in unilateral friendships, whereas friends' acceptance moderated peer influences in achievement in both unilateral and reciprocal friendships. The findings illustrate the dynamic interplay between peer effects and academic functioning.
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48
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Barman-Adhikari A, Begun S, Rice E, Yoshioka-Maxwell A, Perez-Portillo A. Sociometric network structure and its association with methamphetamine use norms among homeless youth. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2016; 58:292-308. [PMID: 27194667 PMCID: PMC4873723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Homeless youths' social networks are consistently linked with their substance use. Social networks influence behavior through several mechanisms, especially social norms. This study used sociometric analyses to understand whether social norms of drug use behaviors are clustered in network structures and whether these perceived norms (descriptive and injunctive) influence youths' drug use behaviors. An event-based approach was used to delineate boundaries of the two sociometric networks of homeless youth, one in Los Angeles, CA (n = 160) and the other in Santa Monica, CA (n = 130). Network characteristics included centrality (i.e., popularity) and cohesiveness (location in dense subnetworks). The primary outcome was recent methamphetamine use. Results revealed that both descriptive and injunctive norms influenced methamphetamine use. Network cohesion was found to be associated with perception of both descriptive and injunctive norms in both networks, however in opposite directions. Network interventions therefore might be effective if designed to capitalize on social influence that naturally occurs in cohesive parts of networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Begun
- School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Eric Rice
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Smit CR, de Leeuw RNH, Bevelander KE, Burk WJ, Buijzen M. A social network-based intervention stimulating peer influence on children's self-reported water consumption: A randomized control trial. Appetite 2016; 103:294-301. [PMID: 27085637 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The current pilot study examined the effectiveness of a social network-based intervention using peer influence on self-reported water consumption. A total of 210 children (52% girls; M age = 10.75 ± SD = 0.80) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 106; 52% girls) or control condition (n = 104; 52% girls). In the intervention condition, the most influential children in each classroom were trained to promote water consumption among their peers for eight weeks. The schools in the control condition did not receive any intervention. Water consumption, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, and intentions to drink more water in the near future were assessed by self-report measures before and immediately after the intervention. A repeated measure MANCOVA showed a significant multivariate interaction effect between condition and time (V = 0.07, F(3, 204) = 5.18, p = 0.002, pη(2) = 0.07) on the dependent variables. Further examination revealed significant univariate interaction effects between condition and time on water (p = 0.021) and SSB consumption (p = 0.015) as well as water drinking intentions (p = 0.049). Posthoc analyses showed that children in the intervention condition reported a significant increase in their water consumption (p = 0.018) and a decrease in their SSB consumption (p < 0.001) over time, compared to the control condition (p-values > 0.05). The children who were exposed to the intervention did not report a change in their water drinking intentions over time (p = 0.576) whereas the nonexposed children decreased their intentions (p = 0.026). These findings show promise for a social network-based intervention using peer influence to positively alter consumption behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION This RCT was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614001179628). Study procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Radboud University (ECSW2014-1003-203).
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R Smit
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rebecca N H de Leeuw
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bevelander
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - William J Burk
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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50
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Jacob N, MacArthur GJ, Hickman M, Campbell R. A qualitative investigation of the role of the family in structuring young people's alcohol use. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:102-10. [PMID: 26142406 PMCID: PMC4735507 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few qualitative studies have investigated young people's perspectives around influences on substance use. We aimed to examine young people's understandings, attitudes and experiences around alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and factors influencing substance use behaviour. METHODS Qualitative interview study involving 28 young people (13 males and 15 females) aged 18-20 years, recruited purposively on the basis of substance use, who were participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Interviews were conducted at participants' homes or at local cafés. Audio data were transcribed verbatim, systematically coded and analysed inductively using a constant comparative approach. RESULTS Parental attitudes and behaviours and the nature of communication emerged as critical factors structuring young people's alcohol use. Initiation of alcohol use was frequently mediated by parents early in adolescence, with the home recounted as a primary site of early drinking experiences. Later in adolescence, young people perceived a more permissive stance towards alcohol use, with broad acceptance of high levels of consumption and recognition of drinking as a cultural norm during adolescence. In contrast, young people reported a more prohibitive and discouraging stance from their parents towards tobacco and cannabis use, and the use of these substances appeared to be of greater parental concern. CONCLUSIONS Interventions involving parents or guardians have a critical role to play in the prevention of harms arising from alcohol use during adolescence. However, such interventions are needed in conjunction with individual, school, community and environmental interventions to shift cultural norms across the population and to facilitate effective prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jacob
- 1 Cardiff University School of Social Sciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Georgie J MacArthur
- 2 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- 2 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- 2 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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