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Jain P, Rauer SB, Möller M, Singh S. Mimicking the Natural Basement Membrane for Advanced Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3081-3103. [PMID: 35839343 PMCID: PMC9364315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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Advancements in the field of tissue engineering have
led to the
elucidation of physical and chemical characteristics of physiological
basement membranes (BM) as specialized forms of the extracellular
matrix. Efforts to recapitulate the intricate structure and biological
composition of the BM have encountered various advancements due to
its impact on cell fate, function, and regulation. More attention
has been paid to synthesizing biocompatible and biofunctional fibrillar
scaffolds that closely mimic the natural BM. Specific modifications
in biomimetic BM have paved the way for the development of in vitro models like alveolar-capillary barrier, airway
models, skin, blood-brain barrier, kidney barrier, and metastatic
models, which can be used for personalized drug screening, understanding
physiological and pathological pathways, and tissue implants. In this
Review, we focus on the structure, composition, and functions of in vivo BM and the ongoing efforts to mimic it synthetically.
Light has been shed on the advantages and limitations of various forms
of biomimetic BM scaffolds including porous polymeric membranes, hydrogels,
and electrospun membranes This Review further elaborates and justifies
the significance of BM mimics in tissue engineering, in particular
in the development of in vitro organ model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg 69028, Germany
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2
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Hu X, Tan S, Yin H, Khoso PA, Xu Z, Li S. Selenium-mediated gga-miR-29a-3p regulates LMH cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting COL4A2. Metallomics 2021; 12:449-459. [PMID: 32039426 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that has several functions in cellular processes related to cancer prevention. While the cancericidal effect of Se has been reported in liver cancer, the mechanism has not been clarified. MiR-29a has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor; however, it also acts as a carcinogenic agent by increasing cell invasion in human epithelial cancer cells and hepatoma cells. In a previous study, we found that miR-29a-3p is a Se-sensitive miRNA. However, its effect in the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) is still unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-29a-3p in LMH cells was decreased by Se supplementation and increased under Se-deficient conditions. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results suggested that Se decreased LMH cell proliferation induced by miR-29a-3p overexpression. Transwell and gap-closure assays implied that Se mediated LMH cell invasion and migration by downregulating miR-29a-3p. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results suggested that Se mitigated miR-29a-3p overexpression-induced LMH cell proliferation by downregulating CDK2, cyclin-D1, CDK6, and cyclin-E1. We further demonstrated that collagen type IV alpha 2 (COL4A2) is a target gene of miR-29a-3p. COL4A2 activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway to promote LMH cell invasion and migration. In conclusion, Se mediated miR-29a-3p overexpression induced LMH cell invasion and migration by targeting COL4A2 to inactivate the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Siran Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Pervez Ahmed Khoso
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Zhe Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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3
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Bao WW, Shi YL, Ma Y, Qu XH, Pang GM, Yang L. MiR-590-5p regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting RECK. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:355-365. [PMID: 33447989 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discover the role of miR-590-5p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression and the corresponding mechanism via the targeting RECK. METHODS OSCC (n=85) and normal oral tissues (n=60) were collected to quantify the miR-590-5p expression by using qRT-PCR. Then SCC-15 and OEC-M1 cells were selected and divided into Mock, inhibitor NC, miR-590-5p inhibitor, si-RECK and miR-590-5p inhibitor + si-RECK groups. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was used to verify if miR-590-5p could target RECK. The biological behaviors of OSCC cells were evaluated by MTT, Wound-healing, Transwell and Flow cytometry. The expression of miR-590-5p and RECK was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blotting , respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-590-5p was found in OSCC tissues. The expression of miR-590-5p was significantly associated with the clinical TNM stage, differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis of OSCC. RECK was identified as a direct target of miR-590-5p. Compared with the Mock group, cells in the miR-590-5p inhibitor group were decreased in terms of proliferation, invasion, and migration, and increased in cell apoptosis, accompanied by down-regulated miR-590-5p, Bcl-2/Bax and MMP-9, and up-regulated RECK. By contrast, si-RECK group presented completely opposite changes, and si-RECK reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-590-5p inhibitor on the OSCC cell growth. CONCLUSION MiR-590-5p expression was obviously increased in OSCC, and inhibiting miR-590-5p enhanced the expression of its target gene RECK, thereby suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells and promoting apoptosis of OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - You-Ling Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Qu
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guang-Ming Pang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dongfeng Stomatological Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China.
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4
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Wu Y, Ge G. Complexity of type IV collagens: from network assembly to function. Biol Chem 2019; 400:565-574. [PMID: 30864416 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagens form complex networks in the extracellular space that provide structural support and signaling cues to cells. Network-forming type IV collagens are the key structural components of basement membranes. In this review, we discuss how the complexity of type IV collagen networks is established, focusing on collagen α chain selection in type IV collagen protomer and network formation; covalent crosslinking in type IV collagen network stabilization; and the differences between solid-state type IV collagen in the extracellular matrix and soluble type IV collagen fragments. We further discuss how complex type IV collagen networks exert their physiological and pathological functions through cell surface integrin and nonintegrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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5
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Endostatin predicts mortality in patients with acute dyspnea - A cohort study of patients seeking care in emergency departments. Clin Biochem 2019; 75:35-39. [PMID: 31672650 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased levels of circulating endostatin predicts cardiovascular morbidity and impaired kidney function in the general population. The utility of endostatin as a risk marker for mortality in the emergency department (ED) has not been reported. AIM Our main aim was to study the association between plasma endostatin and 90-day mortality in an unselected cohort of patients admitted to the ED for acute dyspnea. Design Circulating endostatin was analyzed in plasma from 1710 adults and related to 90-day mortality in Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, body temperature, C-reactive protein, lactate, creatinine and medical priority according to the Medical Emergency Triage and Treatment System-Adult score (METTS-A). The predictive value of endostatin for mortality was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and compared with the clinical triage scoring system and age. RESULTS Each one standard deviation increment of endostatin was associated with a HR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.31-3.44 p < 0.01) for 90-day mortality after full adjustment. Levels of endostatin were significantly increased in the group of patients with highest METTS-A (p < 0.001). When tested for the outcome 90-day mortality, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.616 for METTS-A, 0.701 for endostatin, 0.708 for METTS -A and age and 0.738 for METTS-A, age and levels of endostatin. CONCLUSIONS In an unselected cohort of patients admitted to the ED with acute dyspnea, endostatin had a string association to 90-day mortality and improved prediction of 90-day mortality in the ED beyond the clinical triage scoring system and age with 3%.
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Iriarte A, Figueras A, Cerdà P, Mora JM, Jucglà A, Penín R, Viñals F, Riera-Mestre A. PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase) Activation and Endothelial Cell Proliferation in Patients with Hemorrhagic Hereditary Telangiectasia Type 1. Cells 2019; 8:cells8090971. [PMID: 31450639 PMCID: PMC6770684 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia (HHT) type 2 patients have increased activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in telangiectasia. The main objective is to evaluate the activation of the PI3K pathway in cutaneous telangiectasia of HHT1 patients. A cutaneous biopsy of a digital hand telangiectasia was performed in seven HHT1 and eight HHT2 patients and compared with six controls. The study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of our center. A histopathological pattern with more dilated and superficial vessels that pushed up the epidermis was identified in HHT patients regardless of the type of mutation and was associated with older age, as opposed to the common telangiectasia pattern. The mean proliferation index (Ki-67) was statistically higher in endothelial cells (EC) from HHT1 than in controls. The percentage of positive EC for pNDRG1, pAKT, and pS6 in HHT1 patients versus controls resulted in higher values, statistically significant for pNDRG1 and pS6. In conclusion, we detected an increase in EC proliferation linked to overactivation of the PI3K pathway in cutaneous telangiectasia biopsies from HHT1 patients. Our results suggest that PI3K inhibitors could be used as novel therapeutic agents for HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Iriarte
- HHT Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agnes Figueras
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Cerdà
- HHT Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Mora
- HHT Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Jucglà
- HHT Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Penín
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Viñals
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Physiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Riera-Mestre
- HHT Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
- Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
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Activation of immune responses against the basement membrane component collagen type IV does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5964. [PMID: 30979943 PMCID: PMC6461614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial extracellular matrix results in malondialdehyde (MDA)-modifications of surrounding matrix proteins. We have recently demonstrated an association between high levels of autoantibodies against MDA-modified collagen type IV and risk for development of myocardial infarction. Collagen type IV is an important component of the endothelial basement membrane and influences smooth muscle cell function. We hypothesized that immune responses against collagen type IV could contribute to vascular injury affecting the development of atherosclerosis. To investigate this possibility, we induced an antibody-response against collagen type IV in apolipoprotein E (Apo E)-deficient mice. Female ApoE−/− mice on C57BL/6 background were immunized with α1α2 type IV collagen chain peptides linked to the immune-enhancer PADRE, PADRE alone or PBS at 12 weeks of age with three subsequent booster injections before the mice were killed at 23 weeks of age. Immunization of PADRE alone induced autoantibodies against PADRE, increased IL-4 secretion from splenocytes and reduced SMC content in the subvalvular plaques. Immunization with peptides of α1α2 type IV collagen chains induced a strong IgG1antibody response against collagen type IV peptides without affecting the distribution of T cell populations, plasma cytokine or lipid levels. There were no differences in atherosclerotic plaque development between collagen α1α2(IV)-PADRE immunized mice and control mice. Our findings demonstrate that the presence of antibodies against the basement membrane component collagen type IV does not affect atherosclerosis development in ApoE−/− mice. This suggests that the association between autoantibodies against collagen type IV and risk for myocardial infarction found in humans does not reflect a pathogenic role of these autoantibodies.
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8
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Eble JA, Niland S. The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:171-198. [PMID: 30972526 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form supramolecular aggregates, such as fibrils and sheet-like networks. In addition to its biochemical composition, including the covalent intermolecular cross-linkages, the ECM is also characterized by its biophysical parameters, such as topography, molecular density, stiffness/rigidity and tension. Taking these biochemical and biophysical parameters into consideration, the ECM is very versatile and undergoes constant remodeling. This review focusses on this remodeling of the ECM under the influence of a primary solid tumor mass. Within this tumor stroma, not only the cancer cells but also the resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), modify the ECM. Growth factors and chemokines, which are tethered to and released from the ECM, as well as metabolic changes of the cells within the tumor bulk, add to the tumor-supporting tumor microenvironment. Metastasizing cancer cells from a primary tumor mass infiltrate into the ECM, which variably may facilitate cancer cell migration or act as barrier, which has to be proteolytically breached by the infiltrating tumor cell. The biochemical and biophysical properties therefore determine the rates and routes of metastatic dissemination. Moreover, primed by soluble factors of the primary tumor, the ECM of distant organs may be remodeled in a way to facilitate the engraftment of metastasizing cancer cells. Such premetastatic niches are responsible for the organotropic preference of certain cancer entities to colonize at certain sites in distant organs and to establish a metastasis. Translational application of our knowledge about the cancer-primed ECM is sparse with respect to therapeutic approaches, whereas tumor-induced ECM alterations such as increased tissue stiffness and desmoplasia, as well as breaching the basement membrane are hallmark of malignancy and diagnostically and histologically harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
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9
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Nissen G, Hollaender H, Tang FSM, Wegmann M, Lunding L, Vock C, Bachmann A, Lemmel S, Bartels R, Oliver BG, Burgess JK, Becker T, Kopp MV, Weckmann M. Tumstatin fragment selectively inhibits neutrophil infiltration in experimental asthma exacerbation. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1483-1493. [PMID: 30028047 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with structural changes present. Burgess and colleagues recently found tumstatin markedly reduced in adult asthmatic lung tissue compared with nonasthmatics. ECM fragments such as tumstatin are named matrikines and act independently of the parent molecule. The role of Col IV matrikines in neutrophil inflammation (eg. exacerbation in asthma) has not been investigated to date. Severe adult asthma phenotypes are dominated by neutrophilic inflammation and show a high frequency of severe exacerbations. OBJECTIVE This study sought to investigate the role of a novel active region within tumstatin (CP17) and its implication in neutrophil inflammatory responses related to asthma exacerbation. METHODS For reactive oxygen production, isolated neutrophils were preincubated with peptides or vehicle for 1 hour and stimulated (PMA). Luminescence signal was recorded (integration over 10 seconds) for 1.5 hours. Neutrophil migration was performed according to the SiMA protocol. Mice were sensitized to OVA/Alumn by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections. Mice were then treated with CP17, vehicle (PBS) or scrambled peptide (SP17) after OVA exposure (days 27 and 28, polyI:C stimulation). All animals were killed on day 29 with lung function measurement, histology and lavage. RESULTS CP17 decreased total ROS production rate to 52.44% (0.5 μmol/L, P < 0.05 vs SP17), reduced the in vitro directionality (vs SP17, P = 1 × 10-6 ) and migration speed (5 μmol/L, P = 1 × 10-3 ). In vivo application of CP17 decreased neutrophil inflammation ~1.8-fold (P < 0.001 vs SP17) and reduced numbers of mucus-producing cells (-29%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION CP17 reduced the ROS production rate, migrational speed and selectively inhibited neutrophil accumulation in the lung interstitium and lumen. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CP17 may serve as a potential precursor for drug development to combat overwhelming neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyde Nissen
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Henrike Hollaender
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Francesca S M Tang
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lars Lunding
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anna Bachmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Solveig Lemmel
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rainer Bartels
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Structural Biochemistry, Program Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Brian G Oliver
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Becker
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany.,Division of Cell Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Marine Biotechnology (Fraunhofer EMB), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias V Kopp
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
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10
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Ruge T, Carlsson AC, Larsson A, Ärnlöv J. Endostatin: a promising biomarker in the cardiovascular continuum? Biomark Med 2017; 11:905-916. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review article aims to provide an up-to-date summary of previous studies in humans that have reported the association between circulating endostatin levels and different cardiovascular phenotypes. We also aim to provide suggestions for future directions of future research evaluating endostatin as a clinically relevant cardiovascular biomarker. With a few exceptions, higher circulating levels of endostatin seem to reflect vascular and myocardial damage, and a worsened prognosis for cardiovascular events or mortality in individuals with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, as well as in the general population. Circulating endostatin seems to be a promising biomarker for cardiovascular pathology, but there is not enough evidence to date to support the use of endostatin measurements in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine & Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine & Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Health & Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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11
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Functional interaction between COL4A1/COL4A2 and SMAD3 risk loci for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:543-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Mahajan A, Goh V, Basu S, Vaish R, Weeks AJ, Thakur MH, Cook GJ. Bench to bedside molecular functional imaging in translational cancer medicine: to image or to imagine? Clin Radiol 2015; 70:1060-82. [PMID: 26187890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research on malignant and normal cell biology has substantially enhanced the understanding of the biology of cancer and carcinogenesis. This has led to the development of methods to image the evolution of cancer, target specific biological molecules, and study the anti-tumour effects of novel therapeutic agents. At the same time, there has been a paradigm shift in the field of oncological imaging from purely structural or functional imaging to combined multimodal structure-function approaches that enable the assessment of malignancy from all aspects (including molecular and functional level) in a single examination. The evolving molecular functional imaging using specific molecular targets (especially with combined positron-emission tomography [PET] computed tomography [CT] using 2- [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose [FDG] and other novel PET tracers) has great potential in translational research, giving specific quantitative information with regard to tumour activity, and has been of pivotal importance in diagnoses and therapy tailoring. Furthermore, molecular functional imaging has taken a key place in the present era of translational cancer research, producing an important tool to study and evolve newer receptor-targeted therapies, gene therapies, and in cancer stem cell research, which could form the basis to translate these agents into clinical practice, popularly termed "theranostics". Targeted molecular imaging needs to be developed in close association with biotechnology, information technology, and basic translational scientists for its best utility. This article reviews the current role of molecular functional imaging as one of the main pillars of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahajan
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK; Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - V Goh
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - S Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Mumbai, 400 012, India
| | - R Vaish
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - A J Weeks
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - M H Thakur
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - G J Cook
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
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Xiao Q, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Yue J, Liu C, Zhao X, Qiao Y, Ji H, Chen J, Ge G. Minor Type IV Collagen α5 Chain Promotes Cancer Progression through Discoidin Domain Receptor-1. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005249. [PMID: 25992553 PMCID: PMC4438069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type IV collagens (Col IV), components of basement membrane, are essential in the maintenance of tissue integrity and proper function. Alteration of Col IV is related to developmental defects and diseases, including cancer. Col IV α chains form α1α1α2, α3α4α5 and α5α5α6 protomers that further form collagen networks. Despite knowledge on the functions of major Col IV (α1α1α2), little is known whether minor Col IV (α3α4α5 and α5α5α6) plays a role in cancer. It also remains to be elucidated whether major and minor Col IV are functionally redundant. We show that minor Col IV α5 chain is indispensable in cancer development by using α5(IV)-deficient mouse model. Ablation of α5(IV) significantly impeded the development of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer without affecting major Col IV expression. Epithelial α5(IV) supports cancer cell proliferation, while endothelial α5(IV) is essential for efficient tumor angiogenesis. α5(IV), but not α1(IV), ablation impaired expression of non-integrin collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1) and downstream ERK activation in lung cancer cells and endothelial cells. Knockdown of DDR1 in lung cancer cells and endothelial cells phenocopied the cells deficient of α5(IV). Constitutively active DDR1 or MEK1 rescued the defects of α5(IV)-ablated cells. Thus, minor Col IV α5(IV) chain supports lung cancer progression via DDR1-mediated cancer cell autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms. Minor Col IV can not be functionally compensated by abundant major Col IV. Collagens, the major extracellular matrix components in most vertebrate tissues, provide cells with structural and functional support. Collagens are trimers of collagen α chains. Multiple trimers are formed by highly homologous α chains for certain types of collagens (e.g. α1α1α2, α3α4α5 and α5α5α6 heterotrimers for type IV collagen). Type IV collagens are named as major type (α1α1α2) or minor type (α3α4α5 and α5α5α6), mainly reflecting the abundance and tissue distribution, but not the importance of their biological functions. High similarity in sequence and domain structure of the α chains does not necessarily imply that major and minor type IV collagens share the same cell surface receptors and intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we generated an α5(IV) chain deficient mouse model lacking minor type IV collagens. We found that the mutant mice have delayed development of KrasG12D-driven lung cancer without affecting major type IV collagen expression. α5(IV), but not α1(IV), ablation impaired non-integrin collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor-1 (DDR1)-ERK signaling, suggesting that major and minor type IV collagens are functionally distinct from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Planska D, Burocziova M, Strnadel J, Horak V. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Collagen IV and Laminin Expression in Spontaneous Melanoma Regression in the Melanoma-Bearing Libechov Minipig. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:15-26. [PMID: 25861134 PMCID: PMC4387259 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous regression (SR) of human melanoma is a rare, well-documented phenomenon that is not still fully understood. Its detailed study cannot be performed in patients due to ethical reasons. Using the Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM) animals of various ages (from 3 weeks to 8 months) we implemented a long-term monitoring of melanoma growth and SR. We focused on immunohistochemical detection of two important extracellular matrix proteins, collagen IV and laminin, which are associated with cancer. We showed that SR of melanoma is a highly dynamic process. The expression of collagen IV and laminin correlated with changes in population of melanoma cells. Tumours of 3-week-old animals consisted primarily of melanoma cells with a granular expression of collagen IV and laminin around them. Thereafter, melanoma cells were gradually destroyed and tumour tissue was rebuilt into the connective tissue. Collagen IV expression slightly increased in tumours of 10-week-old pigs showing extracellular fibrous appearance. In tumours of older animals, areas lacking melanoma cells demonstrated a low expression and areas still containing melanoma cells a high expression of both proteins. We considered the age of 10 weeks as a turning point in the transition between tumour growth and SR of the MeLiM melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Planska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i
- Faculty of Science, Charles University
- Department of Immunology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Laboratory of Natural Immunity, Institute of Microbiology AS CR, v.v.i
| | - Jan Strnadel
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i
| | - Vratislav Horak
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i
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Åkerfeldt T, Gunningberg L, Swenne CL, Ronquist G, Larsson A. Elective orthopedic and cardiopulmonary bypass surgery causes a reduction in serum endostatin levels. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:61. [PMID: 25380724 PMCID: PMC4230358 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis that inhibits neovascularisation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of elective surgery on endostatin levels. Methods Blood samples were collected prior to elective surgery and 4 and 30 days postoperatively in 2 patient groups: orthopedic surgery (n =27) and coronary bypass patients (n =21). Serum endostatin levels were measured by ELISA. Results Serum endostatin was significantly reduced 30 days after surgery in comparison with presurgical values in both the orthopedic (P =0.03) and cardiopulmonary surgery (P =0.04) group. Conclusion Serum endostatin is reduced 30 days after surgery. This reduction would favor angiogenesis and wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Åkerfeldt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Lena Gunningberg
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christine Leo Swenne
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Göran Ronquist
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Rygh CB, Løkka G, Heljasvaara R, Taxt T, Pavlin T, Sormunen R, Pihlajaniemi T, Curry FR, Tenstad O, Reed RK. Image-based assessment of microvascular function and structure in collagen XV- and XVIII-deficient mice. J Physiol 2013; 592:325-36. [PMID: 24218547 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.263574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen XV and XVIII are ubiquitous constituents of basement membranes. We aimed to study the physiological roles of these two components of the permeability barrier non-invasively in striated muscle in mice deficient in collagen XV or XVIII by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Structural information was obtained with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MR data were analysed by two different analysis methods to quantify tissue perfusion and microcirculatory exchange parameters to rule out data analysis method-dependent results. Control mice (C57BL/6J Ola/Hsd strain) or mice lacking either collagen XV (Col15a1(-/-)) or XVIII (Col18a1(-/-)) were included in the study. MR images were acquired using a preclinical system using gadodiamide (Gd-DTPA-BMA, molecular weight 0.58 kDa) as a tracer. Exchange capacity (permeability (P)-surface area (S) product relative to blood flow (FB)) was increased in test mice compared to controls, but the contributions from P, S, and FB were different in these two phenotypes. FB was significantly increased in Col18a1(-/-), but slightly decreased in Col15a1(-/-). PS was significantly increased only in Col18a1(-/-) even though P was increased in both phenotypes suggesting S might also be reduced in Col15a1(-/-) mice. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated alterations in capillary density and morphology in both knockout mouse strains in comparison to the control mice. Both collagen XV and XVIII are important for maintaining normal capillary permeability in the striated muscle. DCE-MRI and the perfusion analyses successfully determined microvascular haemodynamic parameters of genetically modified mice and gave results consistent with more invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Rygh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway.
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Carlsson AC, Ruge T, Sundström J, Ingelsson E, Larsson A, Lind L, Arnlöv J. Association between circulating endostatin, hypertension duration, and hypertensive target-organ damage. Hypertension 2013; 62:1146-51. [PMID: 24082055 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to study associations between circulating endostatin, hypertension duration, and hypertensive target-organ damage. Long-term hypertension induces cardiovascular and renal remodeling. Circulating endostatin, a biologically active derivate of collagen XVIII, has been suggested to be a relevant marker for extracellular matrix turnover and remodeling in various diseases. However, the role of endostatin in hypertension and hypertensive target-organ damage is unclear. Serum endostatin was measured in 2 independent community-based cohorts: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 51%; n = 812; mean age, 75 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n=785; mean age, 77.6 years). Retrospective data on blood pressure measurements and antihypertensive medication (PIVUS >5 years, ULSAM >27 years), and cross-sectional data on echocardiographic left ventricular mass, endothelial function (endothelium-dependent vasodilation assessed by the invasive forearm model), and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were available. In PIVUS, participants with ≥ 5 years of history of hypertension portrayed 0.42 SD (95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.61; P<0.001) higher serum endostatin, compared with that of normotensives. This association was replicated in ULSAM, in which participants with 27 years hypertension duration had the highest endostatin (0.57 SD higher; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.80; P<0.001). In addition, higher endostatin was associated with higher left ventricular mass, worsened endothelial function, and higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (P<0.03 for all) in participants with prevalent hypertension. Circulating endostatin is associated with the duration of hypertension, and vascular, myocardial, and renal indices of hypertensive target-organ damage. Further studies are warranted to assess the prognostic role of endostatin in individuals with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel C Carlsson
- Centre for Family Medicine, Alfred Nobels Allé 12, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden. ; or Johan Ärnlöv, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala Science Park, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail
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Ärnlöv J, Ruge T, Ingelsson E, Larsson A, Sundström J, Lind L. Serum endostatin and risk of mortality in the elderly: findings from 2 community-based cohorts. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2689-95. [PMID: 24030549 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental data imply that endostatin, a proteolytically cleaved fragment of collagen XVIII, could be involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Prospective data concerning the relation between circulating endostatin and mortality are lacking. Accordingly, we aimed to study associations between circulating endostatin and mortality risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS Serum endostatin was analyzed in 2 community-based cohorts: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; women 50%, n=931; mean age, 70 years; median follow-up, 7.9 years) and the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n=748; mean age, 77 years; median follow-up, 9.7 years). During follow-up, 90 participants died in PIVUS (1.28/100 person-years at risk), and 417 participants died in ULSAM (6.7/100 person-years at risk). In multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for age and established cardiovascular risk factors, 1 SD higher ln(serum endostatin level) was associated with a hazard ratio of mortality of 1.39 and 95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 1.53, on average in both cohorts. In the ULSAM cohort, serum endostatin was also associated with cardiovascular mortality (177 deaths; hazard ratio per SD of ln[endostatin] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [1.25-1.71]) and cancer mortality (115 deaths; hazard ratio per SD of ln[endostatin] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [1.10-1.66]). CONCLUSIONS High serum endostatin was associated with increased mortality risk in 2 independent community-based cohorts of the elderly. Our observational data support the importance of extracellular matrix remodeling in the underlying pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Ärnlöv
- From the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Section of Geriatrics (J.Ä.), Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (E.I., J.Ä.); Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.L., J.S., L.L.); School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden (J.Ä.); and Department of Surgery, Umea University, Umea, Sweden (T.R.)
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Montgomery H, Rustogi N, Hadjisavvas A, Tanaka K, Kyriacou K, Sutton CW. Proteomic profiling of breast tissue collagens and site-specific characterization of hydroxyproline residues of collagen alpha-1-(I). J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5890-902. [PMID: 23110299 DOI: 10.1021/pr300656r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a quantitative proteomics-based breast cancer study of complementary normal and tumor biopsies, 22 collagen isoforms were detected by LC-MALDI TOF/TOF MS. By applying proline oxidation, representing hydroxyproline, in database search parameters a substantial increase in assigned MS/MS was achieved, boosting the average (three experiments) number of peptides from 306 to 8126 for collagen alpha-1(I). The plethora of peptide identities for alpha-1(I) was disproportionate with full length protein sequence coverage which only increased from 28.3 to 64.4%. The peptides, in fact, constituted an extensive two-dimensional array of isomers exhibiting heterogeneity in degree and location of hydroxyproline residues. A total of 3433 peptides, scores>36 (p<0.01), constituting 94% of the triple helix region of collagen alpha-1(I) provided a census of proline hydroxylation levels defined as the rate of site occupancy for each peptide isomer (r) and the total site occupancy for each proline residue (t). MS/MS and MS/MS/MS analysis, by MALDI-QIT-TOF MS, was used to corroborate site-specific proline hydroxylation of the original data. In addition, iTRAQ data for each collagen isoform in each of 10 patients (grouped by disease) was determined and indicated an increase in fibrillar collagens in invasive carcinoma but little change in fibroadenoma or DCIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Montgomery
- Koichi Tanaka Research Laboratory, Shimadzu Corporation, Manchester, United Kingdom
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20
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Burgess JK, Weckmann M. Matrikines and the lungs. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:317-37. [PMID: 22366287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a complex network of fibrous and nonfibrous molecules that not only provide structure to the lung but also interact with and regulate the behaviour of the cells which it surrounds. Recently it has been recognised that components of the extracellular matrix proteins are released, often through the action of endogenous proteases, and these fragments are termed matrikines. Matrikines have biological activities, independent of their role within the extracellular matrix structure, which may play important roles in the lung in health and disease pathology. Integrins are the primary cell surface receptors, characterised to date, which are used by the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. However, evidence is emerging for the need for co-factors and other receptors for the matrikines to exert their effects on cells. The potential for matrikines, and peptides derived from these extracellular matrix protein fragments, as therapeutic agents has recently been recognised. The natural role of these matrikines (including inhibitors of angiogenesis and possibly inflammation) make them ideal targets to mimic as therapies. A number of these peptides have been taken forward into clinical trials. The focus of this review will be to summarise our current understanding of the role, and potential for highly relevant actions, of matrikines in lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Cell Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Azar WJ, Azar SHX, Higgins S, Hu JF, Hoffman AR, Newgreen DF, Werther GA, Russo VC. IGFBP-2 enhances VEGF gene promoter activity and consequent promotion of angiogenesis by neuroblastoma cells. Endocrinology 2011; 152:3332-42. [PMID: 21750048 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is one of the most significant genes in the signature of major aggressive cancers. Previously, we have shown that IGFBP-2 enhances proliferation and invasion of neuroblastoma cells, suggesting that IGFBP-2 activates a protumorigenic gene expression program in these cells. Gene expression profiling in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SHEP (SHEP)-BP-2 cells indicated that IGFBP-2 overexpression activated a gene expression program consistent with enhancement of tumorigenesis. Regulation was significant for genes involved in proliferation/survival, migration/adhesion, and angiogenesis, including the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA (>2-fold). Specific transcriptional activation of the VEGF gene by IGFBP-2 overexpression was demonstrated via cotransfection of a VEGF promoter Luciferase construct in SHEP-BP-2. Cotransfection of VEGF promoter Luciferase construct with IGFBP-2 protein in wild-type SHEP cells indicated that transactivation of VEGF promoter only occurs in the presence of intracellular IGFBP-2. Cell fractionation and immunofluorescence in SHEP-BP-2 cells demonstrated nuclear localization of IGFBP-2. These findings suggest that transcriptional activation of VEGF promoter is likely to be mediated by nuclear IGFBP-2. The levels of secreted VEGF (up to 400 pg/10(6) cells) suggested that VEGF might elicit angiogenic activity. Hence, SHEP-BP-2 cells and control clones cultured in collagen sponge were xenografted onto chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Neomicrovascularization was observed by 72 h, solely in the SHEP-BP-2 cell xenografts. In conclusion, our data indicate that IGFBP-2 is an activator of aggressive behavior in cancer cells, involving nuclear entry and activation of a protumorigenic gene expression program, including transcriptional regulation of the VEGF gene and consequent proangiogenic activity of NB cell xenografts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid J Azar
- Centre for Hormone Research, Cell Biology, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for all stages of angiogenesis. In the adult, angiogenesis begins with endothelial cell (EC) activation, degradation of vascular basement membrane, and vascular sprouting within interstitial matrix. During this sprouting phase, ECM binding to integrins provides critical signaling support for EC proliferation, survival, and migration. ECM also signals the EC cytoskeleton to initiate blood vessel morphogenesis. Dynamic remodeling of ECM, particularly by membrane-type matrix metalloproteases (MT-MMPs), coordinates formation of vascular tubes with lumens and provides guidance tunnels for pericytes that assist ECs in the assembly of vascular basement membrane. ECM also provides a binding scaffold for a variety of cytokines that exert essential signaling functions during angiogenesis. In the embryo, ECM is equally critical for angiogenesis and vessel stabilization, although there are likely important distinctions from the adult because of differences in composition and abundance of specific ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Senger
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Fens MHAM, Storm G, Schiffelers RM. Tumor vasculature as target for therapeutic intervention. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010; 19:1321-38. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2010.524204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Insulin promotes proliferative vitality and invasive capability of pancreatic cancer cells via hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:349-53. [PMID: 20556580 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether insulin-stimulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression plays a crucial role in promoting the proliferative vitality and invasive capability in human pancreatic cancer cells. PANC-1 cells were divided into three groups: Control group, insulin group and insulin+YC-1 (a pharmacological inhibitor of HIF-1alpha) group in terms of different treatments. Cells in the insulin group or insulin+YC-1 group were treated with insulin (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nmol/L) alone or combined with 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micromol/L). HIF-1alpha mRNA and protein expression in PANC-1 cells was determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. Cell proliferation and invasion were measured by using growth curve and invasion assay, respectively. Western blot analysis demonstrated that insulin dose-dependently increased the HIF-1alpha protein expression, and YC-1 could dose-dependently block this effect. However, neither insulin nor YC-1 altered HIF-1alpha mRNA levels in PANC-1 cells. Moreover, insulin could enhance the proliferation and invasion of PANC-1 cells, while YC-1 could weaken this effect. It was concluded that the malignant proliferation and local invasion of pancreatic cancer cells may be related to high-insulin microenvironment. The tumor biological behavior change resulting from high-insulin microenvironment may be associated with the increased expression of HIF-1alpha protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lawler
- *Correspondence to: Jack LAWLER, Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., EC/CLS-503, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel.: 617-735-2435 Fax: 617-735-2480 E-mail:
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Ribatti D. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Leuk Res 2009; 33:638-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Campbell RB, Ying B, Kuesters GM, Hemphill R. Fighting Cancer: From the Bench to Bedside Using Second Generation Cationic Liposomal Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:411-29. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Burgess JK. The role of the extracellular matrix and specific growth factors in the regulation of inflammation and remodelling in asthma. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:19-29. [PMID: 19141302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a disease characterised by persistent inflammation and structural changes in the airways, referred to as airway remodelling. The mechanisms underlying these processes may be interdependent or they may be separate processes that are driven by common factors. The levels of a variety of growth factors (including transforming growth factor beta, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) are known to be changed in the asthmatic airway. These and other growth factors can contribute to the development and persistence of inflammation and remodelling. One of the prominent features of the structural changes of the airways is the increased deposition and alterations in the composition of the extracellular matrix proteins. These proteins include fibronectin, many different collagen types and hyaluronan. There is a dynamic relationship between the extracellular matrix proteins and the airway mesenchymal cells such that the changes in the extracellular matrix proteins can also contribute to the persistence of inflammation and the airway remodelling. This review aims to summarise the role growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins play in the regulation of inflammation and airway remodelling in the asthmatic airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette K Burgess
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and the Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, NSW Australia.
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29
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Fischer I, Cunliffe CH, Bollo RJ, Raza S, Monoky D, Chiriboga L, Parker EC, Golfinos JG, Kelly PJ, Knopp EA, Gruber ML, Zagzag D, Narayana A. High-grade glioma before and after treatment with radiation and Avastin: initial observations. Neuro Oncol 2008; 10:700-8. [PMID: 18697955 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2008-042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the effects of adjuvant treatment with the angiogenesis inhibitor Avastin (bevacizumab) on pathological tissue specimens of high-grade glioma. Tissue from five patients before and after treatment with Avastin was subjected to histological evaluation and compared to four control cases of glioma before and after similar treatment protocols not including bevacizumab. Clinical and radiographic data were reviewed. Histological analysis focused on microvessel density and vascular morphology, and expression patterns of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and the hematopoietic stem cell, mesenchymal, and cell motility markers CD34, smooth muscle actin, D2-40, and fascin. All patients with a decrease in microvessel density had a radiographic response, whereas no response was seen in the patients with increased microvessel density. Vascular morphology showed apparent "normalization" after Avastin treatment in two cases, with thin-walled and evenly distributed vessels. VEGF-A expression in tumor cells was increased in two cases and decreased in three and did not correlate with treatment response. There was a trend toward a relative increase of CD34, smooth muscle actin, D2-40, and fascin immunostaining following treatment with Avastin. Specimens from four patients with recurrent malignant gliomas before and after adjuvant treatment (not including bevacizumab) had features dissimilar from our study cases. We conclude that a change in vascular morphology can be observed following antiangiogenic treatment. There seems to be no correlation between VEGF-A expression and clinical parameters. While the phenomena we describe may not be specific to Avastin, they demonstrate the potential of tissue-based analysis for the discovery of clinically relevant treatment response biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Fischer
- Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Francis ME, Uriel S, Brey EM. Endothelial Cell–Matrix Interactions in Neovascularization. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2008; 14:19-32. [DOI: 10.1089/teb.2007.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Francis
- Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Research, Hines V.A. Hospital, Hines, Illinois
| | - Shiri Uriel
- Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Research, Hines V.A. Hospital, Hines, Illinois
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32
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Harris LK, Aplin JD. Vascular remodeling and extracellular matrix breakdown in the uterine spiral arteries during pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2008; 14:28-34. [PMID: 18089607 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107309588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, trophoblasts invade and transform the maternal spiral arteries that supply blood to the placenta. Recent work has revealed that this process occurs in several stages, and details of the molecular and cellular mechanisms are beginning to emerge, including changes that precede or accompany trophoblastic colonization of the vascular media. Disruption and eventual loss of smooth muscle cells and their associated extracellular matrix are central to physiological transformation. Advances in understanding will lead to the identification of the causative factors involved in failure of remodeling in pathological pregnancies and suggest novel diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Group, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Human tropomyosin isoforms in the regulation of cytoskeleton functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 644:201-22. [PMID: 19209824 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-85766-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, extensive molecular studies have identified multiple tropomyosin isoforms existing in all mammalian cells and tissues. In humans, tropomyosins are encoded by TPM1 (alpha-Tm, 15q22.1), TPM2 (beta-Tm, 9p13.2-p13.1), TPM3 (gamma-Tm, 1q21.2) and TPM4 (delta-Tm, 19p13.1) genes. Through the use of different promoters, alternatively spliced exons and different sites of poly(A) addition signals, at least 22 different tropomyosin cDNAs with full-length open reading frame have been cloned. Compelling evidence suggests that these isoforms play important determinants for actin cytoskeleton functions, such as intracellular vesicle movement, cell migration, cytokinesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vitro biochemical studies and in vivo localization studies suggest that different tropomyosin isoforms have differences in their actin-binding properties and their effects on other actin-binding protein functions and thus, in their specification ofactin microfilaments. In this chapter, we will review what has been learned from experimental studies on human tropomyosin isoforms about the mechanisms for differential localization and functions of tropomyosin. First, we summarize current information concerning human tropomyosin isoforms and relate this to the functions of structural homologues in rodents. We will discuss general strategies for differential localization oftropomyosin isoforms, particularly focusing on differential protein turnover and differential isoform effects on other actin binding protein functions. We will then review tropomyosin functions in regulating cell motility and in modulating the anti-angiogenic activity of cleaved high molecular weight kininogen (HKa) and discuss future directions in this area.
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Gasparini F, Longo F, Manni L, Burighel P, Zaniolo G. Tubular sprouting as a mode of vascular formation in a colonial ascidian (Tunicata). Dev Dyn 2007; 236:719-31. [PMID: 17256755 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although phylogenetically related to vertebrates, invertebrate chordate tunicates possess an open circulatory system, with blood flowing in lacunae among organs. However, the colonial circulatory system (CCS) of the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri runs in the common tunic and forms an anastomized network of vessels, defined by simple epithelium, connected to the open circulatory system of the zooids. The CCS originates from epidermal evagination, grows, and increases its network accompanying colony propagation. New vessels are formed by means of mechanisms of tubular sprouting which, in their morphogenesis and molecular regulation, are very similar to those occurring in other metazoans, particularly during vertebrate angiogenesis. From the apex of new vessels, epithelial cells detach and migrate into the tunic, while exploring filopodia extend toward the tunic and possibly guide vessel growth. Immunohistology showed that growth factors fibroblast growth factor-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor and the receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 participate in sprouting, associated with cell proliferation. As in vertebrates, these factors may regulate cell migration, proliferation, sprouting, and tube formation. Our data indicate that similar, conserved signals were co-opted in the sprouting processes of two nonhomologous circulatory systems, that of ascidian CCS, and vertebrate circulatory systems, by recruitment of the same signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gasparini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix plays a number of important roles, among them providing structural support and information to cellular structures such as blood vessels imbedded within it. As more complex organisms have evolved, the matrix ability to direct signalling towards the vasculature and remodel in response to signalling from the vasculature has assumed progressively greater importance. This review will focus on the molecules of the extracellular matrix, specifically relating to vessel formation and their ability to signal to the surrounding cells to initiate or terminate processes involved in blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Rhodes
- *Correspondence to: Michael SIMONS Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.; Tel.: 603 650 3540; E-mail:
| | - Michael Simons
- *Correspondence to: Michael SIMONS Section of Cardiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.; Tel.: 603 650 3540; E-mail:
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Glunde K, Pathak AP, Bhujwalla ZM. Molecular-functional imaging of cancer: to image and imagine. Trends Mol Med 2007; 13:287-97. [PMID: 17544849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The integration of advances in molecular biology, synthetic chemistry and visualization techniques has catapulted imaging into a molecular-functional realm, so that imaging is finding basic-research, preclinical and translational applications in cancer. Currently, molecular-imaging capabilities include the ability to image gene expression, receptors, signaling pathways, apoptosis, multidrug resistance and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Functional-imaging capabilities include the ability to assess angiogenesis, hypoxia and metabolism. Traditionally, imaging has played an important role in cancer diagnosing and determining response to treatment. However, it is the realization of the goal of noninvasively visualizing molecules and molecular pathways and relating these to function that makes multi-modality imaging such an exciting and powerful means for studying a multifaceted disease such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Richardson M, Liu L, Dunphy L, Wong D, Sun Y, Viswanathan K, Singh G, Lucas A. Viral serpin, Serp-1, inhibits endogenous angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model. Cardiovasc Pathol 2007; 16:191-202. [PMID: 17637427 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the development of malignant tumors, in arthritic joints, and in cardiovascular disease. In cardiovascular disease, angiogenesis is recognised both as a potential therapy and as a complicating factor in atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombotic obstruction. Serine proteases regulate thrombosis, inflammation, and cell invasion, events that trigger various stages of angiogenesis and are in turn regulated by inhibitors, termed serpins. Serp-1 is a secreted anti-inflammatory viral serpin that profoundly inhibits early mononuclear cell invasion, and the development of atherosclerosis, transplant vasculopathy, and arthritis in a range of animal models. METHODS The capacity of Serp-1 to alter angiogenesis was evaluated in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model using morphometric analysis of vascular changes and RT-PCR to explore alterations in gene expression. RESULTS Serp-1 inhibited endogenous angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, with associated altered expression of laminin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Serp-1 was ineffective in CAMs no longer in the rapid growth phase. Similar inhibition of angiogenesis was detected after inhibition of VEGF, but not after treatment with the inactivated reactive center loop mutant of Serp-1. CONCLUSIONS The angiogenic process can be controlled using Serp-1, an anti-inflammatory agent that is effective at low concentrations with rapid reversibility, targets endothelial cells, and reduces the availability of VEGF. These properties may be especially important in cardiovascular disease, reducing plaque destabilization. It is likely that the anti-angiogenic activity of Serp-1 contributes to the observed anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic actions with potential importance in this therapeutic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Richardson
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Mancuso MR, Davis R, Norberg SM, O’Brien S, Sennino B, Nakahara T, Yao VJ, Inai T, Brooks P, Freimark B, Shalinsky DR, Hu-Lowe DD, McDonald DM. Rapid vascular regrowth in tumors after reversal of VEGF inhibition. J Clin Invest 2007; 116:2610-21. [PMID: 17016557 PMCID: PMC1578604 DOI: 10.1172/jci24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2005] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of VEGF signaling can block angiogenesis and reduce tumor vascularity, but little is known about the reversibility of these changes after treatment ends. In the present study, regrowth of blood vessels in spontaneous RIP-Tag2 tumors and implanted Lewis lung carcinomas in mice was assessed after inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling by AG-013736 or AG-028262 for 7 days. Both agents caused loss of 50%-60% of tumor vasculature. Empty sleeves of basement membrane were left behind. Pericytes also survived but had less alpha-SMA immunoreactivity. One day after drug withdrawal, endothelial sprouts grew into empty sleeves of basement membrane. Vessel patency and connection to the bloodstream followed close behind. By 7 days, tumors were fully revascularized, and the pericyte phenotype returned to baseline. Importantly, the regrown vasculature regressed as much during a second treatment as it did in the first. Inhibition of MMPs or targeting of type IV collagen cryptic sites by antibody HUIV26 did not eliminate the sleeves or slow revascularization. These results suggest that empty sleeves of basement membrane and accompanying pericytes provide a scaffold for rapid revascularization of tumors after removal of anti-VEGF therapy and highlight their importance as potential targets in cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Axitinib
- Basement Membrane/drug effects
- Basement Membrane/metabolism
- Basement Membrane/pathology
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/metabolism
- Blood Vessels/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Collagen Type IV/immunology
- Collagen Type IV/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Indazoles/pharmacology
- Indazoles/therapeutic use
- Insulinoma/blood supply
- Insulinoma/drug therapy
- Insulinoma/pathology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Organic Chemicals/pharmacology
- Pericytes/drug effects
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Pericytes/pathology
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Treatment Outcome
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Mancuso
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rachel Davis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Scott M. Norberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shaun O’Brien
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Barbara Sennino
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Virginia J. Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter Brooks
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bruce Freimark
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David R. Shalinsky
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dana D. Hu-Lowe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Donald M. McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Anatomy, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA.
Cell-Matrix Inc., a subsidiary of CancerVax, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Department of Research Pharmacology, Pfizer Global Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
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Lee A, Frischer J, Serur A, Huang J, Bae JO, Kornfield ZN, Eljuga L, Shawber CJ, Feirt N, Mansukhani M, Stempak D, Baruchel S, Glade Bender J, Kandel JJ, Yamashiro DJ. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 disrupts tumor vascular mural cell recruitment and survival signaling. Cancer Res 2006; 66:4378-84. [PMID: 16618763 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Much evidence supports an important role for the inducible enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in tumor angiogenesis. Previous studies have focused on the role of COX-2 in stimulating endothelial proliferation, with blockade of this enzyme impairing endothelial homeostasis. However, recent data suggest that COX-2 also regulates molecules implicated in endothelial trafficking with pericytes/vascular mural cells (VMC), an interaction crucial to vessel stability. We investigated the role of COX-2 in vascular assembly by testing the effect of the specific COX-2 inhibitor SC-236 in an orthotopic xenograft model of human Wilms' tumor. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed by SC-236 (78% at day 28, 55% at day 35). Perfusion studies and immunostaining showed a marked decrease in vasculature, particularly in small vessels. Specifically, SC-236 inhibited participation of VMC in xenograft vessels. SC-236-treated tumors developed segmentally dilated, architecturally erratic tumor vessels with decreased nascent pericytes and scant mature VMC. Although vascular endothelial growth factor expression was unchanged, expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was decreased in tumor vessels, consistent with defective homing of vascular progenitor cells. Vascular expression of phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta was also diminished, indicating impaired VMC-endothelial trafficking. Consistent with the key role of this interaction in vessel homeostasis, vascular cells in SC-236-treated tumors displayed markedly diminished phosphorylated Akt, indicating disrupted survival signaling. These results show that SC-236 causes defective vascular assembly by attenuating incorporation of VMC into tumor vessels, impairing endothelial survival, and raise the possibility that blockade of COX-2 may provide therapeutic synergies with antiangiogenic molecules that more selectively target endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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40
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41
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Mirancea N, Hausser I, Beck R, Metze D, Fusenig NE, Breitkreutz D. Vascular anomalies in lipoid proteinosis (hyalinosis cutis et mucosae): basement membrane components and ultrastructure. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 42:231-9. [PMID: 16497486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 01/13/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lipoid proteinosis (LP) vascular anomalies represent severe functional defects caused by excessive deposition of basement membrane (BM)-like matrix, particularly around small subepithelial blood vessels. OBJECTIVE Correlation of microvascular anomalies in morphology and ultrastructure with extracellular matrix composition and cell interactions for elucidating vascular involvement in LP-pathophysiology. METHODS Biopsies from non-related LP-patients were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), electron microscopy (EM), and immune-EM (ImEM). RESULTS In LP-skin and mucosa the thickened vessel walls stained strongly for the BM-components type IV collagen, laminin, perlecan, and nidogen (IIF). Integrin alpha6beta4 was regularly collocated with endothelial surface markers such as PECAM (CD31). Ultrastructure (EM) revealed highly ordered matrix deposits around microvessels, with frequently collapsed lumina, functionally compensated by increased vascular density (histology, IIF). Pericytes were trapped between these concentric BM-layers at varying distances towards the periphery (EM), contrasting their regularly close endothelial apposition. Periodic type IV collagen patterns (ImEM) corroborated the multiple BM-leaflet structure and the lack of a common 'fused' endothelial-pericyte BM, seen normally. Presumptive secretory vesicles, abundant in both cell types, implied an equal contribution to BM-synthesis, but also indicated partial loss of endothelial polarity. CONCLUSIONS In LP thickened vessel walls, composed of multiple BM, profoundly alter microvascular properties, also by interference with endothelial-pericyte interactions. The increased microvascular density reflects compensatory restoration for disabled function. Most remarkable was the exaggerated secretory activity (also at luminal surfaces) underlining the regulatory key role of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1; mutated in LP) in export or turnover of all major BM-components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolae Mirancea
- German Cancer Research Center, Division Carcinogenesis and Differentiation, Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Sund M, Zeisberg M, Kalluri R. Endogenous stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis in gastrointestinal cancers: basic science to clinical application. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:2076-91. [PMID: 16344073 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Progression of cancer is dependent on acquisition of vascular networks within the tumor. Tumor angiogenesis is dependent on up-regulation of angiogenesis stimulators to overcome the endogenous anti-angiogenic barrier. Such disruption of angiogenesis balance to favor neovascularization is a key step for progression of tumor growth and metastasis. In this regard, the vascular basement membrane and the extracellular matrix have been found to be rich sources of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors that become bioavailable on proteolysis of the matrix by tumor microenvironment-related enzymes. In this review the subgroup of endogenous angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is discussed, and their mechanism of action during tumor angiogenesis is evaluated. The role in regulating tumor growth and the possibility of using them as prognostic markers for human gastrointestinal cancers is discussed. Furthermore, we specifically address the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in human gastrointestinal cancers and discuss the development and use of bevacizumab (Avastin; anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody [Genentech, CA]) in the treatment of colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Sund
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
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43
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Gagner J, Law M, Fischer I, Newcomb EW, Zagzag D. Angiogenesis in gliomas: imaging and experimental therapeutics. Brain Pathol 2005; 15:342-63. [PMID: 16389946 PMCID: PMC8095871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2005.tb00119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of the interest in angiogenesis and hypoxia has led to investigating diagnostic imaging methodologies and developing efficacious agents against angiogenesis in gliomas. In many ways, because of the cytostatic effects of these agents on tumor growth and tumor-associated endothelial cells, the effects of therapy are not immediately evident. Hence finding clinically applicable imaging tools and pathologic surrogate markers is an important step in translating glioma biology to therapeutics. There are a variety of strategies in the approach to experimental therapeutics that target the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, the endogenous antiangiogenic and proangiogenic factors and their receptors, adhesion molecules, matrix proteases and cytokines, and the existing vasculature. We discuss the rationale for antiangiogenesis as a treatment strategy, the preclinical and clinical assessment of antiangiogenic interventions and finally focus on the various treatment strategies, including combining antiangiogenic drugs with radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Pierre Gagner
- Microvascular and Molecular Neuro‐oncology Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine
- Division of Neuropathology, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Meng Law
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Ingeborg Fischer
- Microvascular and Molecular Neuro‐oncology Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine
- Division of Neuropathology, New York University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth W. Newcomb
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine
| | - David Zagzag
- Microvascular and Molecular Neuro‐oncology Laboratory, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine
- Division of Neuropathology, New York University School of Medicine
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine
- New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine
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44
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van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW. In silico analysis of angiogenesis associated gene expression identifies angiogenic stage related profiles. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1755:121-34. [PMID: 16038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models have been extensively used to map gene expression in ECs but few studies have used cells from in vivo sources directly. Here, we compare different gene expression surveys on both cultured and fresh tissue derived ECs, and it emerges that gene expression profiles can be paralleled with the angiogenic stage of the cells. ECs stimulated with different growth factors in monolayer cultures exhibit gene expression profiles indicative of an active proliferative state, whereas gene expression in tube forming cells in vitro involves genes implicated in cell adhesion processes. Genes overexpressed in tumor ECs are biased towards extracellular matrix remodeling, a late event in angiogenesis. The elucidation of gene expression profiles under these different conditions will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms during angiogenesis in both pathological and physiological circumstances and will have implications for the development of angiogenesis interfering treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Maastricht University Hospital, PO Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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