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Li Y, Wang G, Geng Y, Li J, Feng Y. Variation in Seed Morphological Traits Affects the Dispersal Strategies of Chromolaena odorata Following Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1747. [PMID: 38999587 PMCID: PMC11244504 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination and dispersal have an important impact on the establishment and spread of invasive plants. Understanding the extent of intraspecific seed trait variations can enhance our understanding of how invasive plants respond to environmental change after introduction and help predict the dynamic of invasive species under future environmental conditions. However, less attention has been given to the variation in seed traits within species as opposed to among species. We compared seed production, seed morphological traits, dispersal ability, and seedling performance of Chromolaena odorata from 10 introduced populations in Asia and 12 native populations in America in a common garden. The results showed that range (introduced vs. native) and climate affected these traits. Compared with the native population, the introduced populations had higher seed numbers per capitula, lighter seeds, and higher potential dispersal ability seeds (lower terminal velocity) but lower germination rates and seedling lengths. Climatic clines in seed numbers per capitula and pappus length were observed; however, the clines in pappus length differed between the introduced and native populations. Trait covariation patterns were also different between both ranges. In the native populations, there was a trade-off between seed numbers per capitula and seed mass, while this relationship was not found for the introduced populations. These results indicate that C. odorata alters the ecological strategy of seed following invasion, which facilitates its establishment and fast dispersal and contributes to successful invasion in the introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Guofen Wang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Yupeng Geng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ju Li
- Public Technology Service Center, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yulong Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Biological Invasions and Global Changes, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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2
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Jayasuriya KMGG, Phartyal SS. Dormancy, germination, and associated seed ecological traits of 25 Fabaceae species from northern India. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:41-50. [PMID: 37921398 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabaceae produce seeds with water-impermeable seed coats, i.e., physical dormancy (PY). We hypothesized that the proportion of PY seeds will increase with the dryness of the habitat, and some key seed ecological traits will be strongly associated with different levels of PY. Fresh seed of 25 Fabaceae species collected in northern India were used for imbibition and germination experiments to determine the proportion of seeds with PY and of nondormant (ND) seeds compared to their Sri Lankan congeners. Seed coat:seed mass ratio (SCR), 1000 seed weight, seed shape index (SSI), embryo type and median germination time of ND seeds were determined. Four imbibition and germination patterns were identified among seeds of the studied species. Seeds collected from Indian populations had a higher proportion of PY seeds than those of Sri Lankan populations. We identified a type of embryo called 'spatulate axile' that had not been identified before among the studied species. Species with ND seeds had a lower SCR and a higher SSI than those with PY. Our hypothesis was confirmed since populations from drier habitats in India produce a higher proportion of PY seeds than those from Sri Lanka. A low SCR ensures minimal resistance to germinating seeds, while seeds with a high SSI have a lower tendency to incorporate into the soil seed bank. Thus, these seed traits aid the fast germination of ND seeds, often dispersed just before the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M G G Jayasuriya
- India Science and Research Fellow, School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
- Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - S S Phartyal
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
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3
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Isik Z, Bouchareb R, Arslan H, Özdemir S, Gonca S, Dizge N, Balakrishnan D, Prasad SVS. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles derived from water and methanol extract of Centaurea solstitialis leaves and tested for antimicrobial activity and dye decolorization capability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115072. [PMID: 36529334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this research, nanoparticles derived from water extract of Centaurea solstitialis leaves were used as green adsorbent in Fenton reaction for Reactive Red 180 (RR180) and Basic Red 18 (BR18) dyes removal. At optimum operating conditions, nanoparticles proved high performance in the tested dyes removal with more than 98% of removal elimination. The free-radical scavenging, DNA nuclease, biofilm inhibition capability, antimicrobial activity, microbial cell viability, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activities of the iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) derived from water and methanol extract of plant were investigated. Each of the following analysis: SEM-EDX, XRD, and Zeta potential was implemented for the prepared NPs characterization and to describe their morphology, composition and its behavior in an aqueous solution, respectively. It was found that, the DPPH scavenging activities increased when the amount of nanoparticles increased. The highest radical scavenging activity achieved with FeO-NPs derived from water extract of plant as 97.41% at 200 mg/L. The new green synthesized FeO-NPs demonstrated good DNA cleavage activity. FeO-NPs showed good in vitro antimicrobial activities against human pathogens. The results showed that both synthesized FeO-NPs displayed 100% antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity after LED irradiation. The water extract of FeO-NPs and methanol extract of FeO-NPs also showed a significant biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Isik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Raouf Bouchareb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Process Engineering Faculty, Saleh Boubnider University, Constantine, 25000, Algeria
| | - Hudaverdi Arslan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Serpil Gonca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, 33343, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, 33343, Turkey.
| | - Deepanraj Balakrishnan
- College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sista Venkata Surya Prasad
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 500043, India.
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4
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Brandenburger CR, Maslen B, Sherwin WB, Moles AT. Weedy and seedy: the rapid evolution of life-history characteristics in an introduced daisy. AOB PLANTS 2022; 14:plac038. [PMID: 36092025 PMCID: PMC9449359 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of life-history characteristics in determining a species' success, we still lack basic information about some fundamental life-history elements found across the life cycle of introduced plants. Our study assesses rapid evolutionary divergence in life-history characteristics of the beach daisy Arctotheca populifolia by comparing introduced Australian and source South African plants and measuring eight key variables including seed mass, germination, reproductive output and survival. This is the first study that compares the life history of an introduced plant species with its single original source population, providing a precise and powerful method for detecting evolutionary divergence. We found that introduced A. populifolia has evolved a suite of weedy life-history characteristics in less than 90 years: the introduced plants use a live-fast die-young strategy of germination and survival and produce significantly more inflorescences and more seeds that germinate faster. This knowledge adds to the remarkable data that we already have on the rapid evolutionary divergence occurring in the morphology, physiology and defence of this introduced plant and highlights the speed and scope of evolutionary divergence possible in plants. To fully understand and manage the future of our plant species, we must consider their potential for ongoing change in key aspects of life history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Maslen
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William B Sherwin
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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5
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Assessing the Invasion Risk of Humulus scandens Using Ensemble Species Distribution Modeling and Habitat Connectivity Analysis. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070857. [PMID: 35406837 PMCID: PMC9002559 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the rapid spread of invasive alien plant species in Europe and limited information regarding their distribution and dispersion patterns, we analyzed the invasive risk of Humulus scandens, a species with an increased invasive potential. We collected occurrence records from Romania within an EU funded project and literature data, in order to perform an ensemble distribution model. Environmental variables varied from downscaled topoclimatic continuous entries to categorical ones, such as soil class, texture, or land use. Results showed potential core areas of the species within the study region. By inverting the probability output of the models, we have created a resistance surface which helped us model its dispersion patterns. Further, we assessed the probability of invasion for each resulted corridor using the species dispersion ecology and created an invasion risk map. H. scandens is highly influenced by milder climates and areas with constant flooding events, thus we found that the Tisa basin and its tributaries can be under a high invasion risk, spreading through the entire catchment, in Central, Western, and Northern Romania, towards the Eastern Carpathians. The Danube acted as a dispersion corridor for major river systems in southern Romania, but the dispersion capability of the species dropped in steppe areas with higher aridity and limited water course network. This approach is useful for creating adequate action plans in relation to invasive alien plant species, and should urgently be regarded, as results show a potentially large distribution of H. scandens across entire water catchment areas, with devastating effects on natural ecosystems.
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Montesinos D, Andonian K, Kethsuriani L, Özcan R, Diaconu A, Török K, Cavieres L, French K. Increments in weed seed size track global range expansion and contribute to colonization in a non-native region. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Guido A, Hoss D, Pillar VD. Competitive effects and responses of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana
in Río de la Plata grasslands. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaclara Guido
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria; INIA Treinta y Tres; Ruta 8, Km 282 Treinta y Tres Uruguay
| | - Daniela Hoss
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Laboratory of Quantitative Ecology; Department of Ecology; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
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8
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Gioria M, Le Roux JJ, Hirsch H, Moravcová L, Pyšek P. Characteristics of the soil seed bank of invasive and non-invasive plants in their native and alien distribution range. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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9
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Xu X, Wolfe L, Diez J, Zheng Y, Guo H, Hu S. Differential germination strategies of native and introduced populations of the invasive species Plantago virginica. NEOBIOTA 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.43.30392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Germination strategies are critically important for the survival, establishment and spread of plant species. Although many plant traits related to invasiveness have been broadly studied, the earliest part of the life cycle, germination, has received relatively little attention. Here, we compared the germination patterns between native (North America) and introduced (China) populations of Plantagovirginica for four consecutive years to examine whether there has been adaptive differentiation in germination traits and how these traits are related to local climatic conditions. We found that the introduced populations of P.virginica had significantly higher germination percentages and faster and shorter durations of germination than native populations. Critically, the native populations had a significantly larger proportion of seeds that stayed dormant in all four years, with only 60% of seeds germinating in year 1 (compared to >95% in introduced populations). These results demonstrate striking differences in germination strategies between native and introduced populations which may contribute to their successful invasion. Moreover, the germination strategy of P.virginica in their native range exhibited clear geographical variation across populations, with trends towards higher germination percentages at higher latitudes and lower annual mean temperatures and annual precipitation. In the introduced range, however, their germination strategies were more conserved, with less variation amongst populations, suggesting that P.virginica may have experienced strong selection for earlier life history characteristics. Our findings highlight the need to examine the role of rapid evolution of germination traits in facilitating plant invasion.
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10
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Godefroid S, Ricotta C. Alien plant species do have a clear preference for different land uses within urban environments. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Arfin-Khan MAS, Vetter VMS, Reshi ZA, Dar PA, Jentsch A. Factors influencing seedling emergence of three global invaders in greenhouses representing major eco-regions of the world. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:610-618. [PMID: 29450953 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Successful germination and seedling emergence in new environments are crucial first steps in the life history of global plant invaders and thus play a key role in processes of range expansion. We examined the germination and seedling emergence success of three global plant invaders - Lupinus polyphyllus, Senecio inaequidens and Verbascum thapsus - in greenhouses and climate chambers under climate regimes corresponding to seven eco-regions. Seed materials were collected from one non-native population for L. polyphyllus and S. inaequidens, and from 12 populations for V. thapsus (six natives and six non-natives). Experimental climates had significant effects on species responses. No species germinated in the dry (humidity ≤ 50%) and cool (≤ 5 °C) experimental climates. But all species germinated and emerged in two moderately cool (12-19 °C) and in three warm (24-27 °C) experimental climates. In general, V. thapsus showed higher fitness than S. inaequidens and L. polyphyllus. The climate of the seed source region influenced responses of native and non-native populations of V. thapsus. Non-native populations of V. thapsus, originating from the warmer seed source, showed higher performance in warm experimental climates and lower performance in moderately cool experimental climates compared to native populations. Responses of V. thapsus populations were also related to precipitation of the seed source region in moderately dry experimental climates. The warm, semi-arid and humid experimental climates are suitable for the crucial first steps of invasion success for L. polyphyllus, S. inaequidens and V. thapsus. The species adaptation to its source region modified the responses of our studied plants under different experimental climates representing major eco-regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A S Arfin-Khan
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Science, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - V M S Vetter
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Geoecology/Physical Geography, Institute for Environmental Science, University of Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | - Z A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - P A Dar
- Department of Botany, Amar Singh College, Srinagar, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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12
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Irimia RE, Montesinos D, Eren Ö, Lortie CJ, French K, Cavieres LA, Sotes GJ, Hierro JL, Jorge A, Loureiro J. Extensive analysis of native and non-native Centaurea solstitialis L. populations across the world shows no traces of polyploidization. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3531. [PMID: 28828232 PMCID: PMC5560225 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, Asteraceae) is a Eurasian native plant introduced as an exotic into North and South America, and Australia, where it is regarded as a noxious invasive. Changes in ploidy level have been found to be responsible for numerous plant biological invasions, as they are involved in trait shifts critical to invasive success, like increased growth rate and biomass, longer life-span, or polycarpy. C. solstitialis had been reported to be diploid (2n = 2x = 16 chromosomes), however, actual data are scarce and sometimes contradictory. We determined for the first time the absolute nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and estimated ploidy level in 52 natural populations of C. solstitialis across its native and non-native ranges, around the world. All the C. solstitialis populations screened were found to be homogeneously diploid (average 2C value of 1.72 pg, SD = ±0.06 pg), with no significant variation in DNA content between invasive and non-invasive genotypes. We did not find any meaningful difference among the extensive number of native and non-native C. solstitialis populations sampled around the globe, indicating that the species invasive success is not due to changes in genome size or ploidy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona-Elena Irimia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamt, Romania
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Özkan Eren
- Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Kristine French
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Gastón J Sotes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de La Tierra y Ambientales de la Pampa, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (INCITAP-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, Argentina
| | - Andreia Jorge
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Harris CJ, Manea A, Moles AT, Murray BR, Leishman MR. Differences in life-cycle stage components between native and introduced ranges of five woody Fabaceae species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Harris
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Anthony Manea
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Brad R. Murray
- School of Life Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Broadway New South Wales Australia
| | - Michelle R. Leishman
- Department of Biological Science; Macquarie University; North Ryde New South Wales 2109 Australia
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15
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Ndihokubwayo N, Nguyen VT, Cheng D. Effects of origin, seasons and storage under different temperatures on germination of Senecio vulgaris (Asteraceae) seeds. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2346. [PMID: 27602303 PMCID: PMC4991864 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive plants colonize new environments, become pests and cause biodiversity loss, economic loss and health damage. Senecio vulgaris L. (Common groundsel, Asteraceae), a widely distributing cosmopolitan weed in the temperate area, is reported with large populations in the north–eastern and south–western part, but not in southern, central, or north-western parts of China. We studied the germination behavior of S. vulgaris to explain the distribution and the biological invasion of this species in China. We used seeds originating from six native and six invasive populations to conduct germination experiments in a climate chamber and under outdoor condition. When incubated in a climate chamber (15 °C), seeds from the majority of the populations showed >90% germination percentage (GP) and the GP was equal for seeds with a native and invasive origin. The mean germination time (MGT) was significantly different among the populations. Under outdoor conditions, significant effects of origin, storage conditions (stored at 4 °C or ambient room temperature, ca. 27 °C) and seasons (in summer or autumn) were observed on the GP while the MGT was only affected by the season. In autumn, the GP (38.6%) was higher and the MGT was slightly longer than that in summer. In autumn, seeds stored at 4 °C showed higher GP than those stored at ambient room temperature (ca.27 °C), and seeds from invasive populations revealed higher GP than those from native populations. The results implied that the high temperature in summer has a negative impact on the germination and might cause viability loss or secondary dormancy to S. vulgaris seeds. Our study offers a clue to exploring what factor limits the distribution of S. vulgaris in China by explaining why, in the cities in South-East China and central China such as Wuhan, S. vulgaris cannot establish natural and viable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Ndihokubwayo
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China.,Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Viet-Thang Nguyen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China.,Faculty of Biology, Thai Nguyen University of Education, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Dandan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China
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16
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Modeling the relative importance of ecological factors in exotic invasion: The origin of competitors matters, but disturbance in the non-native range tips the balance. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Alba C, Moravcová L, Pyšek P. Geographic structuring and transgenerational maternal effects shape germination in native, but not introduced, populations of a widespread plant invader. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:837-844. [PMID: 27208352 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Germination is critical in determining species distributions and invasion dynamics. However, is it unclear how often invasive populations evolve germination characteristics different from native populations, because few studies have isolated genetic variation by using seed from garden-grown plants. Additionally, while herbivore-induced transgenerational effects are common, it is unknown whether maternal herbivory differentially shapes germination in native and introduced offspring. METHODS We explored germination in native and introduced populations of the North American invader Verbascum thapsus using seed from garden-grown maternal plants, half of which were protected from herbivores. To elucidate (1) germination niche breadth and (2) whether germination conditions affected expression of genetic structuring among populations, we germinated seed under four ecologically relevant temperature regimes. KEY RESULTS Native populations had a wide germination niche breadth, germinating as well as or better than introduced populations. At cooler temperatures, native populations exhibited a genetically based environmental cline indicative of local adaptation, with populations from warmer locales germinating better than populations from cooler locales. However, this cline was obscured when maternal plants were attacked by herbivores, revealing that local stressors can override the expression of geographic structuring. Introduced populations did not exhibit clinal variation, suggesting its disruption during the introduction process. CONCLUSIONS Native and introduced populations have evolved genetic differences in germination. The result of this difference manifests in a wider germination niche breadth in natives, suggesting that the invasive behavior of V. thapsus in North America is attributable to other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alba
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Zámek 1, Průhonice, Czech Republic Department of Ecology, Charles University in Prague, CZ-128 44 Viničná 7, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Liao H, D'Antonio CM, Chen B, Huang Q, Peng S. How much do phenotypic plasticity and local genetic variation contribute to phenotypic divergences along environmental gradients in widespread invasive plants? A meta-analysis. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huixuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ.; CN-510006 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology; Univ. of California; Santa Barbara CA 93106-4160 USA
| | - Baoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ.; CN-510006 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Inst. of Environment and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; CN-571737 Danzhou PR China
| | - Shaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen Univ.; CN-510006 Guangzhou PR China
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Hock M, Beckmann M, Hofmann RR, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A. Effects of UV-B radiation on germination characteristics in invasive plants in New Zealand. NEOBIOTA 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.26.4405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Eriksen RL, Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Andonian K, Török K, Becerra PI, Montesinos D, Khetsuriani L, Diaconu A, Kesseli R. Dispersal pathways and genetic differentiation among worldwide populations of the invasive weed Centaurea solstitialis L. (Asteraceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e114786. [PMID: 25551223 PMCID: PMC4281129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural history of introduced species is often unclear due to a lack of historical records. Even when historical information is readily available, important factors of the invasions such as genetic bottlenecks, hybridization, historical relationships among populations and adaptive changes are left unknown. In this study, we developed a set of nuclear, simple sequence repeat markers and used these to characterize the genetic diversity and population structure among native (Eurasian) and non-native (North and South American) populations of Centaurea solstitialis L., (yellow starthistle). We used these data to test hypotheses about the invasion pathways of the species that were based on historical and geographical records, and we make inferences about historical relationships among populations and demographic processes following invasion. We confirm that the center of diversity and the native range of the species is likely the eastern Mediterranean region in the vicinity of Turkey. From this region, the species likely proceeded to colonize other parts of Europe and Asia via a slow, stepwise range expansion. Spanish populations were the primary source of seed to invade South America via human-mediated events, as was evident from historical records, but populations from the eastern Mediterranean region were also important. North American populations were largely derived from South America, but had secondary contributors. We suggest that the introduction history of non-native populations from disparate parts of the native range have allowed not just one, but multiple opportunities first in South America then again in North America for the creation of novel genotypes via intraspecific hybridization. We propose that multiple intraspecific hybridization events may have created especially potent conditions for the selection of a noxious invader, and may explain differences in genetic patterns among North and South America populations, inferred differences in demographic processes, as well as morphological differences previously reported from common garden experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L. Eriksen
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - José L. Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa), Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Özkan Eren
- Biyoloji Bölümü, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Krikor Andonian
- Environmental Studies Department, De Anza College, Cupertino, California, United States of America
| | - Katalin Török
- Centre for Ecological Research (MTA ÖK), Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Pablo I. Becerra
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alecu Diaconu
- Institute of Biological Research, Biological Control Laboratory, Iasi, Romania
| | - Rick Kesseli
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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21
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Cleland EE, Esch E, McKinney J. Priority effects vary with species identity and origin in an experiment varying the timing of seed arrival. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa E. Cleland
- Ecology, Behavior and Evolution Section, Univ. of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr. No. 0116 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ellen Esch
- Ecology, Behavior and Evolution Section, Univ. of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr. No. 0116 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jordan McKinney
- Ecology, Behavior and Evolution Section, Univ. of California San Diego; 9500 Gilman Dr. No. 0116 La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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22
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Cochrane JA, Hoyle GL, Yates CJ, Wood J, Nicotra AB. Climate warming delays and decreases seedling emergence in a Mediterranean ecosystem. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Anne Cochrane
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- Science and Conservation Division; Dept of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Gemma L. Hoyle
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Colin. J. Yates
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Jeff Wood
- Statistical Consulting Unit, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Adrienne B. Nicotra
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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23
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Wolkovich EM, Cleland EE. Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu013. [PMID: 24876295 PMCID: PMC4025191 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research in invasion biology has focused increasing attention on understanding the role of phenology in shaping plant invasions. Multiple studies have found non-native species that tend to flower distinctly early or late in the growing season, advance more with warming or have shifted earlier with climate change compared with native species. This growing body of literature has focused on patterns of phenological differences, but there is a need now for mechanistic studies of how phenology contributes to invasions. To do this, however, requires understanding how phenology fits within complex functional trait relationships. Towards this goal, we review recent literature linking phenology with other functional traits, and discuss the role of phenology in mediating how plants experience disturbance and stress-via climate, herbivory and competition-across the growing season. Because climate change may alter the timing and severity of stress and disturbance in many systems, it could provide novel opportunities for invasion-depending upon the dominant climate controller of the system, the projected climate change, and the traits of native and non-native species. Based on our current understanding of plant phenological and growth strategies-especially rapid growing, early-flowering species versus later-flowering species that make slower-return investments in growth-we project optimal periods for invasions across three distinct systems under current climate change scenarios. Research on plant invasions and phenology within this predictive framework would provide a more rigorous test of what drives invader success, while at the same time testing basic plant ecological theory. Additionally, extensions could provide the basis to model how ecosystem processes may shift in the future with continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Wolkovich
- Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elsa E Cleland
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California - San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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24
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Leiblein-Wild MC, Tackenberg O. Phenotypic variation of 38 European Ambrosia artemisiifolia populations measured in a common garden experiment. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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García Y, Callaway RM, Diaconu A, Montesinos D. Invasive and non-invasive congeners show similar trait shifts between their same native and non-native ranges. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82281. [PMID: 24358163 PMCID: PMC3866105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in morphological or ecological traits expressed by exotic species between their native and non-native ranges are often interpreted as evidence for adaptation to new conditions in the non-native ranges. In turn this adaptation is often hypothesized to contribute to the successful invasion of these species. There is good evidence for rapid evolution by many exotic invasives, but the extent to which these evolutionary changes actually drive invasiveness is unclear. One approach to resolving the relationship between adaptive responses and successful invasion is to compare traits between populations from the native and non-native ranges for both exotic invaders and congeners that are exotic but not invasive. We compared a suite of morphological traits that are commonly tested in the literature in the context of invasion for three very closely related species of Centaurea, all of which are sympatric in the same native and non-native ranges in Europe and North America. Of these, C. solstitialis is highly invasive whereas C. calcitrapa and C. sulphurea are not. For all three species, plants from non-native populations showed similar shifts in key traits that have been identified in other studies as important putative adaptive responses to post-introduction invasion. For example, for all three species plants from populations in non-native ranges were (i) larger and (ii) produced seeds that germinated at higher rates. In fact, the non-invasive C. calcitrapa showed the strongest trait shift between ranges. Centaurea solstitialis was the only species for which plants from the non-native range increased allocation to defensive spines, and allocated proportionally less resources to reproduction, patterns contrary to what would be predicted by theory and other empirical studies to enhance invasion. Our results suggest caution when interpreting the commonly observed increase in size and reproductive capacity as factors that cause exotics to become invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedra García
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Alecu Diaconu
- Biological Control Laboratory, Institute of Biological Research Iaşi, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Daniel Montesinos
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre desertificación (CIDE CSIC-UV-GV), Montcada, València, Spain
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26
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Leiblein-Wild MC, Kaviani R, Tackenberg O. Germination and seedling frost tolerance differ between the native and invasive range in common ragweed. Oecologia 2013; 174:739-50. [PMID: 24197990 PMCID: PMC3933736 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Germination characteristics and frost tolerance of seedlings are crucial parameters for establishment and invasion success of plants. The characterization of differences between populations in native and invasive ranges may improve our understanding of range expansion and adaptation. Here, we investigated germination characteristics of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., a successful invader in Europe, under a temperature gradient between 5 and 25 °C. Besides rate and speed of germination we determined optimal, minimal and maximal temperature for germination of ten North American and 17 European populations that were sampled along major latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. We furthermore investigated the frost tolerance of seedlings. Germination rate was highest at 15 °C and germination speed was highest at 25 °C. Germination rate, germination speed, frost tolerance of seedlings, and the temperature niche width for germination were significantly higher and broader, respectively, for European populations. This was partly due to a higher seed mass of these populations. Germination traits lacked evidence for adaptation to climatic variables at the point of origin for both provenances. Instead, in the native range, seedling frost tolerance was positively correlated with the risk of frosts which supports the assumption of local adaptation. The increased frost tolerance of European populations may allow germination earlier in the year which may subsequently lead to higher biomass allocation--due to a longer growing period--and result in higher pollen and seed production. The increase in germination rates, germination speed and seedling frost tolerance might result in a higher fitness of the European populations which may facilitate further successful invasion and enhance the existing public health problems associated with this species.
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Pearson DE, Hierro JL, Chiuffo M, Villarreal D. Rodent seed predation as a biotic filter influencing exotic plant abundance and distribution. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0573-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Wainwright CE, Cleland EE. Exotic species display greater germination plasticity and higher germination rates than native species across multiple cues. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Hirsch H, Wypior C, von Wehrden H, Wesche K, Renison D, Hensen I. Germination performance of native and non-native Ulmus pumila populations. NEOBIOTA 2012. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.15.4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Hierro JL, Eren Ö, Villarreal D, Chiuffo MC. Non-native conditions favor non-native populations of invasive plant: demographic consequences of seed size variation? OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Montesinos D, Santiago G, Callaway RM. Neo-allopatry and rapid reproductive isolation. Am Nat 2012; 180:529-33. [PMID: 22976015 DOI: 10.1086/667585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 3 centuries, many species have been dispersed beyond their natural geographic limits by humans, but to our knowledge, reproductive isolation has not been demonstrated for such neo-allopatric species. We grew seeds from three species of Centaurea (Centaurea solstitialis, Centaurea calcitrapa, and Centaurea sulphurea) that are native to Spain and have been introduced into California, and we tested to what extent seed production was affected by pollen source. Compared with within-population crosses, seed production decreased by 52% and 44%, respectively, when C. solstitialis and C. sulphurea from California were pollinated with conspecific pollen from native populations in Spain. This implies rapid evolution of reproductive isolation between populations in their native and nonnative ranges. Whether reproductive isolation has evolved following the introduction of other species is unknown, but additional cases are likely, considering the large number of neo-allopatric species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Montesinos
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
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32
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Moroney JR, Rundel PW. Abundance and dispersion of the invasive Mediterranean annual, Centaurea melitensis in its native and non-native ranges. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0302-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Expansion of a globally pervasive grass occurs without substantial trait differences between home and away populations. Oecologia 2012; 170:1123-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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34
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Eriksen RL, Desronvil T, Hierro JL, Kesseli R. Morphological differentiation in a common garden experiment among native and non-native specimens of the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis). Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Wainwright CE, Wolkovich EM, Cleland EE. Seasonal priority effects: implications for invasion and restoration in a semi-arid system. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Erfmeier A, Tsaliki M, Roß CA, Bruelheide H. Genetic and phenotypic differentiation between invasive and native Rhododendron (Ericaceae) taxa and the role of hybridization. Ecol Evol 2011; 1:392-407. [PMID: 22393509 PMCID: PMC3287310 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization has been repeatedly put forward to explain the invasiveness of Rhododendron ponticum L. in the British Isles. The present study investigates the pattern of ecotypic differentiation and hybridization among native North American R. catawbiense and R. maximum, native R. ponticum from Georgia and Spain, and invasive R. ponticum from Ireland and aims to assess the contribution of hybridization for Rhododendron invasion in the British Isles. Six populations per taxon were analyzed with AFLP markers for genetic dissimilarity, subjected to germination and growth experiments, and tested for frost hardiness. We assessed variation in morphological and ecological characteristics to identify traits displaying evidence of hybridization, thus, promoting invasiveness. Molecular marker analyses revealed a clear distinction between North American R. catawbiense and R. maximum on the one hand, and all R. ponticum populations on the other hand, displaying a complete intermixture of native Spanish and invasive Irish populations. Multivariate analyses of traits revealed leaf length-width ratio, relative growth rates (RGRs) in leaf length, root biomass, and shoot-root ratio to significantly discriminate between the different taxa and unequivocally assigned invasive Irish R. ponticum to the Spanish phenotypes. While the Irish R. ponticum had similar growth traits as conspecific native R. ponticum provenances, germination and biomass allocation were more similar to North American R. catawbiense and R. maximum. Hybridization did not contribute to explaining invasiveness of R. ponticum in Ireland. The similarity in germination and biomass allocation of invasive Irish R. ponticum and North American species has evolved independently and can more probably be attributed to an independent shift within the Ponticum cluster in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Erfmeier
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Marina Tsaliki
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Bremen UniversityLeobener Street, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Christel A Roß
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1, D-06108 Halle, Germany
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37
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Andonian K, Hierro JL, Khetsuriani L, Becerra P, Janoyan G, Villarreal D, Cavieres L, Fox LR, Callaway RM. Range-expanding populations of a globally introduced weed experience negative plant-soil feedbacks. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20117. [PMID: 21629781 PMCID: PMC3100334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological invasions are fundamentally biogeographic processes that occur over large spatial scales. Interactions with soil microbes can have strong impacts on plant invasions, but how these interactions vary among areas where introduced species are highly invasive vs. naturalized is still unknown. In this study, we examined biogeographic variation in plant-soil microbe interactions of a globally invasive weed, Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle). We addressed the following questions (1) Is Centaurea released from natural enemy pressure from soil microbes in introduced regions? and (2) Is variation in plant-soil feedbacks associated with variation in Centaurea's invasive success? METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted greenhouse experiments using soils and seeds collected from native Eurasian populations and introduced populations spanning North and South America where Centaurea is highly invasive and noninvasive. Soil microbes had pervasive negative effects in all regions, although the magnitude of their effect varied among regions. These patterns were not unequivocally congruent with the enemy release hypothesis. Surprisingly, we also found that Centaurea generated strong negative feedbacks in regions where it is the most invasive, while it generated neutral plant-soil feedbacks where it is noninvasive. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Recent studies have found reduced below-ground enemy attack and more positive plant-soil feedbacks in range-expanding plant populations, but we found increased negative effects of soil microbes in range-expanding Centaurea populations. While such negative feedbacks may limit the long-term persistence of invasive plants, such feedbacks may also contribute to the success of invasions, either by having disproportionately negative impacts on competing species, or by yielding relatively better growth in uncolonized areas that would encourage lateral spread. Enemy release from soil-borne pathogens is not sufficient to explain the success of this weed in such different regions. The biogeographic variation in soil-microbe effects indicates that different mechanisms may operate on this species in different regions, thus establishing geographic mosaics of species interactions that contribute to variation in invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krikor Andonian
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
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38
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Beckmann M, Bruelheide H, Erfmeier A. Germination responses of three grassland species differ between native and invasive origins. Ecol Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-011-0834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Andonian K, Hierro JL. Species interactions contribute to the success of a global plant invader. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-9978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Vuilleumier S, Buttler A, Perrin N, Yearsley J. Invasion and eradication of a competitively superior species in heterogeneous landscapes. Ecol Modell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Lortie CJ, Munshaw M, DiTomaso J, Hierro JL. The small-scale spatiotemporal pattern of the seedbank and vegetation of a highly invasive weed,Centaurea solstitialis: strength in numbers. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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43
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Nuñez MA, Bailey JK, Schweitzer JA. Population, community and ecosystem effects of exotic herbivores: A growing global concern. Biol Invasions 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-009-9626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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