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Stajnko A, Palir N, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Sešek Briški A, Runkel AA, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Genetic susceptibility to low-level lead exposure in men: Insights from ALAD polymorphisms. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114315. [PMID: 38168581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to low-level lead (Pb) exposure in general populations has been poorly investigated and is limited to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1800435 in the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene (ALAD). This study explored associations between ten selected ALAD SNPs with Pb concentrations in blood (BPb) and urine (UPb) among 281 men aged 18-49 years from Slovenia, including 20 individuals residing in a Pb-contaminated area. The geometric mean (range) of BPb and UPb were 19.6 (3.86-84.7) μg/L and 0.69 (0.09-3.82) μg/L SG, respectively. The possible genetic influence was assessed by examining SNP haplotypes, individual SNPs, and the combination of two SNPs using multiple linear regression analyses. While no significant associations were found for haplotypes, the presence of variant alleles of rs1800435 and rs1805312 resulted in an 11% and 13% decrease in BPb, respectively, while the presence of variant allele of rs1139488 (homozygous only) exhibited significant 20% increase in BPb, respectively. Additionally, variant allele of rs1800435 resulted in lower UPb. Individual SNPs in the model explained only around 1 additional percentage point of BPb variability. In contrast, combination analyses identified six combinations of two SNPs, which significantly explained 3-22 additional percentage points of BPb variability, with the highest explanatory power observed for the rs1800435-rs1139488 and rs1139488-rs1805313 combinations. Moreover, excluding participants from the Pb-contaminated area indicated that exposure level influenced SNPs-Pb associations. Our results confirm the importance of the ALAD gene in Pb kinetics even at low exposure levels. Additionally, we demonstrated that identifying individuals with specific combinations of ALAD SNPs explained a larger part of Pb variability, suggesting that these combinations, pending confirmation in other populations and further evaluation through mechanistic studies, may serve as superior susceptibility biomarker in Pb exposure compared to individual SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Neža Palir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Njegoševa 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agneta Annika Runkel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Jiang H, Gao Y, Chen X, Wang B, Xu Z, Li Y, Sun X, Liu K, Divsalar A, Cheung E, Jiang L, Hong Y, Ding X. Single-Cell Study Unveils Lead Lifespan in Blood Cell Populations Follows a Universal Lognormal Distribution with Individual Skewness. Anal Chem 2024; 96:668-675. [PMID: 38176010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Lead is a widespread environmental hazard that can adversely affect multiple biological functions. Blood cells are the initial targets that face lead exposure. However, a systematic assessment of lead dynamics in blood cells at single-cell resolution is still absent. Herein, C57BL/6 mice were fed with lead-contaminated food. Peripheral blood was harvested at different days. Extracted red blood cells and leukocytes were stained with 19 metal-conjugated antibodies and analyzed by mass cytometry. We quantified the time-lapse lead levels in 12 major blood cell subpopulations and established the distribution of lead heterogeneity. Our results show that the lead levels in all major blood cell subtypes follow lognormal distributions but with distinctively individual skewness. The lognormal distribution suggests a multiplicative accumulation of lead with stochastic turnover of cells, which allows us to estimate the lead lifespan of different blood cell populations by calculating the distribution skewness. These findings suggest that lead accumulation by single blood cells follows a stochastic multiplicative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Nantong First People's Hospital and Nantong Hospital of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Nantong226006, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Gao
- Nantong First People's Hospital and Nantong Hospital of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Nantong226006, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Nantong First People's Hospital and Nantong Hospital of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Nantong226006, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Boqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200080, P.R. China
| | - Adeleh Divsalar
- Department of Cell & Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran15719-14911, Iran
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Cancer Centre, Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa999078, Macau SAR
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yifan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen518132, P.R. China
| | - Xianting Ding
- Nantong First People's Hospital and Nantong Hospital of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Nantong226006, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200030, P.R. China
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Yadav MP, Narayanasamy S, Aradhyam GK. Structural Plasticity Allows Calumenin-1 to Moonlight as a Ca 2+-Independent Chaperone: Pb 2+ Enables Probing Alternate Inhibitory Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:69-81. [PMID: 38100476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Human calumenin-1 (HsCalu-1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi-resident Ca2+-binding protein of the hepta-EF-hand superfamily that plays a vital role in maintaining the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration below toxic levels by interacting with Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), indicating its role in Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER. HsCalu-1 seems to be able to exhibit structural plasticity to achieve its plethora of functions. In this study, we demonstrate that HsCalu-1 acts as a chaperone in both its intrinsically disordered state (apo form) and the structured state (Ca2+-bound form). HsCalu-1 chaperone activity is independent of Ca2+ and Pb2+ binding attenuating its chaperone-like activity. Incidentally, Pb2+ binds to HsCalu-1 with lower affinity (KD = 38.46 μM) (compared to Ca2+-binding), leading to the formation of a less-stable conformation as observed by a sharp drop in its melting temperature Tm from 67 °C in the Ca2+-bound form to 43 °C in the presence of Pb2+. The binding site for Pb2+ was mapped as being in the EF-Hand-234 domain of HsCalu-1, a region that overlaps with the Ca2+-dependent initiator of its functional fold. A change in the secondary and tertiary structure, leading to a less-stable but compact conformation upon Pb2+ binding, is the mechanism by which the chaperone-like activity of HsCalu-1 is diminished. Our results not only demonstrate the chaperone activity by a protein in its disordered state but also explain, using Pb2+ as a probe, that the multiple functions of calumenin are due to its ability to adopt a quasi-stable conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Padamsing Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sasirekha Narayanasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Lacerda D, Vergilio CDS, Pestana IA, Alvares da Silva AM, de Assis Pinheiro J, Freitas FV, Barbosa WM, Gomes de Almeida M, Vaz de Oliveira BC, de Rezende CE. Metal concentrations in the whole blood of farmers in southeast Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140199. [PMID: 37769919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we measured Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb concentrations in the whole blood of farmers from southeast Brazil to address the factors influencing human exposure in this population. The factors included smoking, alcohol consumption, aging, body composition, gender, and feeding preferences, which were measured through carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition. We also calculated and compared the reference values (RVs) of the measured elements to evaluate ongoing exposure levels. We observed the influence of lifestyle habits on metal exposure; Cd levels were statistically higher in smokers, and alcohol consumption affected only Pb concentrations, with an association also observed with the frequency of alcohol ingestion. The metal levels were positively associated with both isotope values, indicating that feeding may be the dominant source of these elements in this population. We also observed the effect of endogenous sources measured through age, as increased Pb concentrations in both genders and higher Cd levels in older women, which is related to bone, kidney, and liver accumulation. The body mass index was negatively associated with Ni, Co, and Cd in women and positively in men. The negative associations may indicate that body fat may act as a reservoir for metals, reducing their availability in the blood in individuals with higher body mass and possibly influencing the assessment of exposure levels. The evaluated population presented elevated RVs for all elements: Ni 36, Co 3.3, Cd 16, and Pb 149 μg L-1. These values point to higher exposure in this population compared to other studies in Brazil and worldwide. These results emphasize an urgent need for monitoring programs for toxic substances in Brazil and evaluating possible health effects, given the ongoing environmental exposure associated with endogenous exposure and lifestyle habits that promote higher metal levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lacerda
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Vergilio
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Adriana Madeira Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Julia de Assis Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Vitorino Freitas
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Wagner Miranda Barbosa
- Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Centro de Ciências Exatas Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre. Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, CEP: 29.500-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Bráulio Cherene Vaz de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 28.013-602, Brazil
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Nong Q, Chen B, Huang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, He B, Luan T, Hu L, Jiang G. Identification of lead-binding proteins as carriers and potential molecular targets associated with systolic blood pressure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140138. [PMID: 37696478 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure is well recognized as a significant environmental factor associated with the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. However, the carriers and molecular targets of Pb in human blood remain to be understood, especially for a real Pb exposure scenario. In this study, a total of 350 blood samples were collected from the smelting workers and systematically analyzed using metallomics and metalloproteomics approaches. The results showed that the majority of Pb (∼99.4%) could be presented in the blood cells. Pb in the cytoplasm of blood cells accounted for approximately 83.1% of the total blood Pb, with nearly half of Pb being bound to proteins. Pb-binding proteins in the blood of workers were identified as hemoglobin, catalase, haptoglobin, δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and peroxiredoxin-2. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that higher levels of Pb bound to proteins (Mix-bound Pb and Protein-bound Pb) were positively associated with higher systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). However, the association between blood lead level, Pb levels in the blood cells and systolic blood pressure was not observed (p > 0.05). This study suggested that Pb bound to proteins could be a suitable biomarker for indicating the potential risk of occupational hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Bergdahl IA. Correspondence on "Endocytosis-Mediated Transport of Pb in Rat Blood Cells". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15134-15135. [PMID: 37769196 PMCID: PMC10569031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,
Division of Sustainable Health, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Cubello J, Peterson DR, Wang L, Mayer-Proschel M. Maternal Iron Deficiency and Environmental Lead (Pb) Exposure Alter the Predictive Value of Blood Pb Levels on Brain Pb Burden in the Offspring in a Dietary Mouse Model: An Important Consideration for Cumulative Risk in Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:4101. [PMID: 37836385 PMCID: PMC10574741 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal iron deficiency (ID) and environmental lead (Pb) exposure are co-occurring insults that both affect the neurodevelopment of offspring. Few studies have investigated how ID affects brain-region-specific Pb accumulations using human-relevant Pb concentrations. Furthermore, how these Pb exposures impact blood and brain Fe levels remains unclear. Importantly, we also wanted to determine whether the use of blood Pb levels as a surrogate for the brain Pb burden is affected by underlying iron status. We exposed virgin Swiss Webster female mice to one of six conditions differing by iron diet and Pb water concentration (0 ppm, 19 ppm, or 50 ppm lead acetate) and used Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to measure the maternal and offspring circulating, stored, and brain Pb levels. We found that maternal ID rendered the offspring iron-deficient anemic and led to a region-specific depletion of brain Fe that was exacerbated by Pb in a dose-specific manner. The postnatal iron deficiency anemia also exacerbated cortical and hippocampal Pb accumulation. Interestingly, BPb levels only correlated with the brain Pb burden in ID pups but not in IN offspring. We conclude that ID significantly increases the brain Pb burden and that BPb levels alone are insufficient as a clinical surrogate to make extrapolations on the brain Pb burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Cubello
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Derick R. Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.R.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (D.R.P.); (L.W.)
| | - Margot Mayer-Proschel
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Farace C, Fiorito G, Pisano A, Etzi F, Sabalic A, Fenu G, Asara Y, Solinas G, Madeddu R. Human tissue lead (Pb) levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5851-5859. [PMID: 35809130 PMCID: PMC9474539 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aim To combine the current scientific literature evidence and elucidate the differences of lead (Pb) bioaccumulation in human tissues by comparing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients and healthy controls. Methods We systematically searched for case–control studies on the association of Pb levels with ALS, in human cells, tissues, and body fluids (nervous tissue, muscle, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, skin appendages). Then, we performed a meta-analysis for all the tissues in which at least five case–control studies were available: whole blood (9 studies), serum/plasma (5 studies), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (6 studies). Differences between cases and controls were evaluated using standardized mean difference, and combined estimates were derived using random effect maximum likelihood (REML) meta-analyses. Results Among 1734 records, we identified 46 full-text studies, of which 14 case–control studies met the meta-analysis inclusion criteria. We found higher Pb levels in ALS cases than controls in blood (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 1.01; p = 0.003), plasma/serum (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI − 0.16, 0.70; p = 0.26), and CSF (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI − 0.09, 1.15; p = 0.09). Conclusions This work provides further evidence of the association between Pb bioaccumulation and ALS in body fluids. The lack of association studies in solid tissues did not allow a robust meta-analysis. Future prospective studies are needed to clarify the causality in the association of Pb bioaccumulation with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystem, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorito
- Department of Biomedical Science-Hygiene, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Federica Etzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Yolande Asara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Solinas
- Department of Biomedical Science-Hygiene, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Histology, University of Sassari, Viale S. Pietro 43b, 07100, Sassari, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystem, Rome, Italy
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9
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Liu L, Chen J, Liu C, Luo Y, Chen J, Fu Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Li X, Wang H. Relationships Between Biological Heavy Metals and Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:838762. [PMID: 35782923 PMCID: PMC9245072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heavy metals were classified as essential, probably essential, and potentially toxic in the general population. Until now, it has been reported inconsistently on the association between heavy metals and BC. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the association between heavy metals and BC and review the potential mechanisms systematically. Methods We searched for epidemiological studies in English about the association between heavy metals and BC published before September 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. In total 36 studies, comprising 4,151 individuals from five continents around the world were identified and included. Results In all biological specimens, Cu, Cd, and Pb concentrations were higher, but Zn and Mn concentrations were lower in patients with BC than in non-BC participants [SMD (95% CIs): 0.62 (0.12, 1.12); 1.64 (0.76, 2.52); 2.03 (0.11, 3.95); −1.40 (−1.96, −0.85); −2.26 (−3.39, −1.13); p = 0.01, 0.0003, 0.04, <0.0001, <0.0001]. Specifically, higher plasma or serum Cu and Cd, as well as lower Zn and Mn, were found in cases [SMD (95% CIs): 0.98 (0.36, 1.60); 2.55 (1.16, 3.94); −1.53 (−2.28, −0.78); −2.40 (−3.69, −1.10); p = 0.002, 0.0003, <0.0001, 0.0003]; in hair, only lower Zn was observed [SMD (95% CIs): −2.12 (−3.55, −0.68); p = 0.0004]. Furthermore, the status of trace elements probably needs to be re-explored, particularly in BC. More prospective studies, randomized clinical trials, and specific pathogenic studies are needed to prevent BC. The main mechanisms underlying above-mentioned findings are comprehensively reviewed. Conclusion For BC, this review identified the current knowledge gaps which we currently have in understanding the impact of different heavy metals on BC. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020176934, identifier: CRD42020176934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang
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Lopes de Andrade V, Serrazina D, Mateus ML, Batoréu C, Aschner M, Marreilha Dos Santos AP. Multibiomarker approach to assess the magnitude of occupational exposure and effects induced by a mixture of metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115684. [PMID: 34437931 PMCID: PMC8449837 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Metals and metalloids including lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) can occur as mixtures in occupational contexts, such as mines. These chemicals are all known to be neurotoxic and provoke changes in heme metabolism also known to induce neurotoxicity. The objective of this work was to propose a multi-biomarker (BM) methodology to screen subjects exposed to the mixture of Pb, As and Mn and assess the severity of their exposure/effects, in an individual basis. The urinary levels of the metals, dela-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and porphyrins were determined in Portuguese miners and in a control group. The combination of Pb and As urinary levels had the highest capability to identify subjects occupationally exposed to this mixture in mines, as evaluated through Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) (A = 98.2%; p < 0.05), allowing that 94.2% of 86 studied subjects were properly identified and the generation of an equation indicating the odd of a subject be considered as exposed to the metal mixture. The combination of urinary ALA and porphyrins revealed to be best one to be applied in the assessment of subjects with high, intermediate, and low magnitudes of exposure/effects, with 95.7% of 46 miners classified correctly according to their severity sub-group and allowing to generate equations, which can be applied in new subjects. The proposed methodology showed a satisfactory performance, evaluating in an integrated manner the magnitude of exposure/effects of the exposed workers, may contributing to improve the control of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lopes de Andrade
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - D Serrazina
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M L Mateus
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Batoréu
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - A P Marreilha Dos Santos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Zhou HZ, Chen B, Li XJ, Du JJ, Zhang N, Shao YX, Zhang K, Tong ZC. MicroRNA-545-5p regulates apoptosis, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma by targeting dimethyladenosine transferase 1. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:763. [PMID: 34539867 PMCID: PMC8436355 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of osteosarcoma is a major threat to both adolescents and young adults. Identifying novel targets that may prevent osteosarcoma metastasis is critical in developing advanced clinical therapies for treating this cancer. The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of microRNA (miR)-545-5p in the metastasis of osteosarcoma. The present study identified miR-545-5p as a potential target that was downregulated in both osteosarcoma clinical samples and cell lines, and in the latter, ectopically expressed miR-545-5p caused apoptosis. In addition, miR-545-5p exerted inhibitory effects in osteosarcoma migration and invasion. Overexpression of miR-545-5p induced xenograft growth inhibition in vivo. In addition, miR-545-5p targeted dimethyladenosine transferase 1 (DIMT1), an oncogenic protein that facilitates osteosarcoma proliferation, migration and invasion. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that miR-545-5p functions as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma that promotes apoptosis, while inhibiting migration and invasion by targeting DIMT1. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest two potential novel targets for osteosarcoma treatment and metastasis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ju Li
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Juan-Juan Du
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiong Shao
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Chao Tong
- Department of Osteopathic Oncology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, P.R. China
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12
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Qader A, Rehman K, Akash MSH. Genetic susceptibility of δ-ALAD associated with lead (Pb) intoxication: sources of exposure, preventive measures, and treatment interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44818-44832. [PMID: 34244947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) is involved in the synthesis of haem and exhibits a polymorphic nature. δ-ALAD polymorphism produces two alleles, namely δ-ALAD-1 and δ-ALAD-2, which in turn produce three different phenotypes, namely δ-ALAD1-1, δ-ALAD1-2, and δ-ALAD2-2. δ-ALAD gene is more susceptible to lead (Pb) toxicity than any other genes. Its genotype and phenotype frequencies change with respect to different geographical areas and extent of Pb exposure. The δ-ALAD-2 allele dominancy is linked with high concentration of lead in the body. It has also been thought that the δ-ALAD-2 allele can provoke Pb toxicity by producing a protein that binds more tightly with Pb than δ-ALAD-1 protein. However, few evidences suggest that δ-ALAD-2 may reduce harmful effects by increasing excretion of Pb from the body, thus producing its unavailability towards pathophysiologic alterations. However, the recent evidences have supported that the individuals who are heterozygote for the δ-ALAD-1 allele may be associated with a higher risk of long-term Pb toxicity. In this regard, the individuals who are exposed at occupational levels are among the most frequent study population. The main objective of our study was to explore the gene susceptibility associated with Pb poisoning. Moreover, this study also summarizes various sources of Pb exposure and thereafter outlined multiple strategies to minimize the Pb toxicity in order to save the exposed residential communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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13
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Dsouza HS, Menezes G, Thuppil V. Ameliorative effects of nutritional minerals on lead-induced hematological alterations in male Wistar albino rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2483-2487. [PMID: 34334063 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1958833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The deficiency of essential minerals increases lead absorption and thus aggravates the lead-induced toxic effects. This study was aimed at understanding the ameliorative effect of essential minerals on lead-induced alterations in hematological parameters in rats. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted in 320 male Wistar albino rats, grouped into two, with equal numbers. One of the groups of rats was fed on a mineral-supplemented food referred to as a 'well-nourished group' and another group 'undernourished group' on food without mineral supplements. Each group of rats was further subdivided into 'Subjects' and 'Controls.' Subjects of both the groups of rats were exposed to 500 ppm lead acetate up to a period of 300 days (10 months) in drinking water and the role of minerals on lead-induced alterations in hematological parameters was evaluated. A significant decrease (p < 0.001) in hemoglobin (Hb) and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) levels and a significant increase (p < 0.001) in urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALAU) levels were seen in subjects without mineral supplementation compared to those fed on a mineral-enriched diet. A positive correlation was observed between blood lead levels (PbB) and δ-ALAU (r = 0.792) and a negative correlation with Hb (r = -0.926) and δ-ALAD (r = -0.836) in the subjects. These changes were very prominent in the undernourished subjects when compared to the well-nourished subjects. Observations of the present study indicate that mineral supplementation with ongoing lead exposure may help in minimizing the absorption of lead and reduce lead-induced toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Geraldine Menezes
- Department of Biochemistry, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Venkatesh Thuppil
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, National Referral Center for Lead Projects in India (NRCLPI), St. John's Medical College, Bangalore, India
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Wani AL, Hammad Ahmad Shadab GG, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions - An influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126702. [PMID: 33285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally. METHODS The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed. RESULTS Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead. CONCLUSION Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Lead (Pb2+) is a non-essential metal with numerous industrial applications that have led to ts ubiquity in the environment. Thus, not only occupational-exposed individuals' health is compromised, but also that of the general population and in particular children. Notably, although the central nervous system is particularly susceptible to Pb2+, other systems are affected as well. The present study focuses on molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects that arise from the presence of Pb2+ in situ in the brain, and the possible toxic effects that follows. As the brain barriers represent the first target of systemic Pb2+, mechanisms of Pb2+ entry into the brain are discussed, followed by a detailed discussion on neurotoxic mechanisms, with special emphasis on theories of ion mimicry, mitochondrial dysfunction, redox imbalance, and neuroinflammation. Most importantly, the confluence and crosstalk between these events is combined into a cogent mechanism of toxicity, by intertwining recent and old evidences from humans, in vitro cell culture and experimental animals. Finally, pharmacological interventions, including chelators, antioxidants substances, anti-inflammatory drugs, or their combination are reviewed as integrated approaches to ameliorate Pb2+ harmful effects in both developing or adult organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B. Virgolini
- IFEC CONICET. IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA and IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146, Moscow, Russia
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Mani MS, Puranik A, Kabekkodu SP, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS. Influence of VDR and HFE polymorphisms on blood lead levels of occupationally exposed workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:897-914. [PMID: 33233953 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120975451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a ubiquitous heavy metal toxin of significant public health concern. Every individual varies in their response to lead's toxic effects due to underlying genetic variations in lead metabolizing enzymes or proteins distributed in the population. Earlier studies, including our lab, have attributed the influence of ALAD (δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase) polymorphism on blood lead retention and ALAD activity. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of VDR (Vitamin D receptor) and HFE (Hemochromatosis) polymorphisms in modulating blood lead levels (BLLs) of occupationally exposed workers. 164 lead-exposed subjects involved in lead alloy manufacturing and battery breaking and recycling processes and 160 unexposed controls with BLLs below 10 µg/dL recruited in the study. Blood lead levels, along with a battery of biochemical assays and genotyping, were performed. Regression analysis revealed a negative influence of BLLs on ALAD activity (p < 0.0001) and a positive influence on smokeless tobacco use (p < 0.001) in lead-exposed subjects. A predicted haplotype of the three VDR polymorphisms computed from genotyping data revealed that T-A-A haplotype increased the BLLs by 0.93 units (p ≤ 0.05) and C-C-A haplotype decreased the BLLs by 7.25 units (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis revealed that the wild-type CC genotype of HFE H63D presented a higher median BLL, indicating that variant C allele may have a role in increasing the concentration of lead. Hence, the polymorphism of genes associated with lead metabolism might aid in predicting genetic predisposition to lead and its associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shirley Mani
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha Puranik
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Herman Sunil Dsouza
- Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, 76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Mukisa A, Kasozi D, Aguttu C, Vuzi PC, Kyambadde J. Relationship between blood Lead status and anemia in Ugandan children with malaria infection. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:521. [PMID: 33189139 PMCID: PMC7666473 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Uganda, childhood anemia remains a health challenge and is associated with malaria infection as well as iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is intertwined with nutritional status, age and other comorbidities including helminths and Lead toxicity. Environmental Lead levels accounts for one's blood Lead (BL) levels. Blood Lead competitively blocks iron absorption, inhibits hemoglobin (Hb) biosynthesis and elevates free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) levels. Lead toxicity's contribution towards anemia pathogenesis, especially during malaria infection has not been studied. Concomitant exposure to both malaria infection and Lead pollution, exacerbates the anemia status. This study therefore aimed at expounding the anemia status of these Ugandan children aged under 5years who are exposed to both malaria infection and environmental Lead pollution. METHODS Briefly, venous blood samples from 198 children were microscopically assayed for malaria parasite density (PD), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations using the cyanmethemoglobin method, while BL and FEP levels were determined by the standard atomic absorption spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods respectively. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-one (76.3%) of the children analyzed had moderate anemia (Hb <10>5 g/dL) with Means of BLL=8.6 µg/dL, Hb =7.5 g/dL, FEP/Hb =8.3 µg/g and PD =3.21×103 parasites / µL, while eight (4%) were severely anemic (<5 g/dL). Regression analysis and statistical correlation between PD and Hb (r = -0.231, R2= 0.15 P-value < 0.001) was negative and weak as compared to that between FEP/Hb and Hb (r = -0.6, R2=0.572 P-value=0.001). CONCLUSION Based on the study's findings, we conclude that BL significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of anemia and therefore its co-existence with malaria infection in the host exacerbates the anemia status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Mukisa
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis Kasozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Claire Aguttu
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter C Vuzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Kyambadde
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Science, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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18
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Mani MS, Kabekkodu SP, Joshi MB, Dsouza HS. Ecogenetics of lead toxicity and its influence on risk assessment. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1031-1059. [PMID: 31117811 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119851253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a public health problem affecting millions worldwide. Advances in 'omic' technology have paved the way to toxico-genomics which is currently revolutionizing the understanding of interindividual variations in susceptibility to Pb toxicity and its functional consequences to exposure. Our objective was to identify, comprehensively analyze, and curate all the potential genetic and epigenetic biomarkers studied to date in relation to Pb toxicity and its association with diseases. We screened a volume of research articles that focused on Pb toxicity and its association with genetic and epigenetic signatures in the perspective of occupational and environmental Pb exposure. Due to wide variations in population size, ethnicity, age-groups, and source of exposure in different studies, researchers continue to be skeptical on the topic of the influence of genetic variations in Pb toxicity. However, surface knowledge of the underlying genetic factors will aid in elucidating the mechanism of action of Pb. Moreover, in recent years, the application of epigenetics in Pb toxicity has become a promising area in toxicology to understand the influence of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, and small RNAs for the regulation of genes in response to Pb exposure during early life. Growing evidences of ecogenetic understanding (both genetic and epigenetic processes) in a dose-dependent manner may help uncover the mechanism of action of Pb and in the identification of susceptible groups. Such studies will further help in refining uncertainty factors and in addressing risk assessment of Pb poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Mani
- 1 Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S P Kabekkodu
- 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M B Joshi
- 3 Department of Ageing, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Dsouza
- 1 Department of Radiation Biology and Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Luna D, López-Alonso M, Cedeño Y, Rigueira L, Pereira V, Miranda M. Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Cattle Blood: Serum vs Plasma. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070465. [PMID: 31330927 PMCID: PMC6680415 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) for determination of essential and toxic elements is essential for assessing the health and nutritional status of the animals and the herd. We demonstrate that both plasma and serum samples are suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. Nevertheless, we must take into account that the concentrations of Cu and Se are lower in the serum than in plasma. Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the influence of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) on essential and toxic element analysis in cattle. Paired plasma and serum samples (n = 20) were acid digested, and the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn. Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study findings indicate that plasma and serum samples appear suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. The only exceptions are Cu and Se, the concentrations of which were significantly lower (40.9 and 29.9% respectively) in serum than in plasma. Some of the Cu in blood samples from bovine ruminants is known to be sequestered during clotting. However, further research on Se in ruminants and other animal species is warranted. Finally, the significantly higher Mn (9.9%) concentrations in serum than in plasma may have been caused by haemolysis of some samples. Special attention should be paid to preventing haemolysis of samples during collection and processing, in order to prevent overestimation of elements present at high concentrations inside erythrocytes (i.e., Fe, Mn and Zn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luna
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cedeño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, EC170521 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Víctor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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Kerr BT, Ochs-Balcom HM, López P, García-Vargas GG, Rosado JL, Cebrián ME, Kordas K. Effects of ALAD genotype on the relationship between lead exposure and anthropometry in a Cohort of Mexican children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 170:65-72. [PMID: 30557693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lead exposure is associated with children's growth, but this relationship may depend on the presence of susceptibility factors, including genetic variation. Blood lead levels (BLL) differ by ALAD (aminolevulinic acid dehydratase) genotype. We investigated the association between BLL and growth in Mexican first-graders with different ALAD genotypes. METHODS Children between the ages of 6-8 years (n = 602) attending first grade in schools within the vicinity of a metal foundry in Torreón, Mexico were enrolled into a randomized controlled trial (RCT) testing the efficacy of iron and/or zinc supplementation on blood lead levels (BLL) and cognition. BLL and anthropometry were assessed at baseline (height, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), knee height, head circumference), after 6 (head circumference) and 12 months (height, HAZ, knee height). Children with ALAD1-1 and ALAD1-2/2-2 were compared. The study sample included 538 and 470 participants who had complete data at baseline and follow-up, respectively. Separate multivariable linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to test the association between BLL at baseline and each anthropometric measure. Covariates included age, sex, hemoglobin, crowding, and maternal education. BLL x ALAD genotype interaction term was tested. RESULTS Median BLL (10.1 μg/dL) did not differ by ALAD genotype. After covariate adjustment, baseline BLL was inversely associated with baseline height, HAZ, and knee height. The association (β [95% CI]) between BLL and baseline height (-0.38[-0.68, -0.09]), HAZ (-0.07[-0.12, -0.02]) and knee height (-0.14[-0.25, -0.02]), was somewhat stronger in children with ALAD1-2/2-2 than ALAD1-1 (-0.09[-0.16, -0.02], -0.02[-0.03, -0.004] and -0.04[-0.06, -0.01], respectively). No associations between BLL and growth at 6 or 12 months were detected irrespective of ALAD genotype. CONCLUSIONS BLL was adversely associated with anthropometric measures among Mexican children. ALAD genotype may be a susceptibility factor for the effects of lead on child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Kerr
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Heather M Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Patricia López
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge L Rosado
- Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Mani MS, Kunnathully V, Rao C, Kabekkodu SP, Joshi MB, D’Souza HS. Modifying effects of δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase polymorphism on blood lead levels and ALAD activity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:351-356. [PMID: 30025905 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dardiotis E, Siokas V, Sokratous M, Tsouris Z, Michalopoulou A, Andravizou A, Dastamani M, Ralli S, Vinceti M, Tsatsakis A, Hadjigeorgiou GM. Genetic polymorphisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Evidence for implication in detoxification pathways of environmental toxicants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 116:122-135. [PMID: 29677557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sokratous
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zisis Tsouris
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Amalia Michalopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina Andravizou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Metaxia Dastamani
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Styliani Ralli
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Diawara MM, Shrestha S, Carsella J, Farmer S. Smelting Remains a Public Health Risk Nearly a Century Later: A Case Study in Pueblo, Colorado, USA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E932. [PMID: 29735921 PMCID: PMC5981971 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pueblo, Colorado has a long history of smelting activities, and recent studies raised concerns about lead exposure. This study tested 240 children in Pueblo for blood lead levels (BLLs) and found a significant association between distance from old smelters and children BLLs. Around 7.5% of Pueblo children had BLLs above the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference level of 5 µg/dL for elevated BLL, and 18.3% had BLLs between 3.3⁻4.9 µg/dL. Out of the 36 children who lived near former smelters, 13.9% had BLLs above 5 µg/dL vs. 6.37% for children living away from old smelters. The proportion of Pueblo children with elevated BLL was nearly three times the 2007⁻2010 United States national average (7.5% vs. 2.6%), and this was higher in the immediate vicinity of old smelters (13.9% vs. 2.6%). Genetic polymorphisms for ALAD-1 or ALAD-2 alleles, which play a role in susceptibility to lead toxicity, were not associated with children BBLs. Around 38.5% of houses sampled near the smelters had topsoil lead levels higher than the Environmental Protection Agency’s benchmark of 400 mg/kg. Our study resulted in the addition of areas of Pueblo to the EPA Superfund National Priorities List in December 2014, and cleanup is currently underway to minimize the public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa M Diawara
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
| | - Sofy Shrestha
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
| | - Jim Carsella
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
| | - Shanna Farmer
- Regional Access to Graduate Education, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, CO 81001, USA.
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de Souza ID, de Andrade AS, Dalmolin RJS. Lead-interacting proteins and their implication in lead poisoning. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:375-386. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1429387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iara Dantas de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Abraão Silveira de Andrade
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry – CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Gorkhali R, Huang K, Kirberger M, Yang JJ. Defining potential roles of Pb(2+) in neurotoxicity from a calciomics approach. Metallomics 2017; 8:563-78. [PMID: 27108875 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00038j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions play crucial roles in numerous biological processes, facilitating biochemical reactions by binding to various proteins. An increasing body of evidence suggests that neurotoxicity associated with exposure to nonessential metals (e.g., Pb(2+)) involves disruption of synaptic activity, and these observed effects are associated with the ability of Pb(2+) to interfere with Zn(2+) and Ca(2+)-dependent functions. However, the molecular mechanism behind Pb(2+) toxicity remains a topic of debate. In this review, we first discuss potential neuronal Ca(2+) binding protein (CaBP) targets for Pb(2+) such as calmodulin (CaM), synaptotagmin, neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and family C of G-protein coupled receptors (cGPCRs), and their involvement in Ca(2+)-signalling pathways. We then compare metal binding properties between Ca(2+) and Pb(2+) to understand the structural implications of Pb(2+) binding to CaBPs. Statistical and biophysical studies (e.g., NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy) of Pb(2+) binding are discussed to investigate the molecular mechanism behind Pb(2+) toxicity. These studies identify an opportunistic, allosteric binding of Pb(2+) to CaM, which is distinct from ionic displacement. Together, these data suggest three potential modes of Pb(2+) activity related to molecular and/or neural toxicity: (i) Pb(2+) can occupy Ca(2+)-binding sites, inhibiting the activity of the protein by structural modulation, (ii) Pb(2+) can mimic Ca(2+) in the binding sites, falsely activating the protein and perturbing downstream activities, or (iii) Pb(2+) can bind outside of the Ca(2+)-binding sites, resulting in the allosteric modulation of the protein activity. Moreover, the data further suggest that even low concentrations of Pb(2+) can interfere at multiple points within the neuronal Ca(2+) signalling pathways to cause neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
| | - Kenneth Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
| | - Michael Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Clayton State University, Morrow, GA 30260, USA.
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 3030, USA.
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Use of Genetic Algorithm Combinational Single-nucleotide Polymorphisms Could Modify the Association of Blood Lead Levels and Bone Matrix Density. Epidemiology 2017; 28 Suppl 1:S121-S125. [PMID: 29028685 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have not explored the relationship between a single gene and a single disease. Our study aims to investigate the association of multiple genotypes with blood lead levels and bone matrix density (BMD) by using genetic algorithms. METHODS Our research focused on 506 employees (245 males and 261 females) of a lead battery factory in Taiwan. We collected data on their BMD, blood lead level, and 6 SNPs (ACE, alpha-adducin, Bsm, Tag, Apa, and ALAD); these factors were analyzed using discrete binary particle swarm optimization (DBPSO) and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS We found no association between blood lead level and bone density, which may be due to the relatively young age of this population (mean age = 45.1 years). However, the genotype that contained both Bsm type bb and ALAD type 1-1 may play an important role in protecting against lower bone density among these employees. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study found that the Bsm and ALAD genes influence bone density among lead workers. However, the mechanism and exact relationship between these two genes and bone density require further investigation.
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Li C, Wang M, Wang Y, Zhang J, Sun N. A new model of the mechanism underlying lead poisoning: SNPs in miRNA target region influence the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase expression level. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1353-1361. [PMID: 28960093 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if SNPs located within the 3'-UTR of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) can alter the risk of lead poisoning and the ALAD gene expression. MATERIALS & METHODS A case-control study was carried out to find the SNPs in miRNA target region. Luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot was used to determine the relationship between miRNA and SNPs. RESULTS We found a significant association between rs818708 and the risk of lead poisoning. miR-545-5p was influenced by rs818708 variant and might result in a significant change in ALAD expression. CONCLUSION rs818708 T > C can weaken the binding capability between miR-545-5p and 3'-UTR of ALAD and thus may alter the risk of lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuxi, China
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Dörpinghaus M, Brieger A, Panichkina O, Rink L, Haase H. Lead ions abrogate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric monoxide toxicity by reducing the expression of STAT1 and iNOS. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 37:117-124. [PMID: 27134082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widespread environmental pollutant and the highly poisonous metal compromises multiple organs in the body. Among other tissues and cells, lead ions (Pb(2+)) can affect macrophages and microglia cells. The present study observed a concentration-dependent protection of BV-2 microglia and RAW 264.7 macrophages by Pb(2+) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced toxicity. Both cell lines are potent producers of two substances that have previously been shown to mediate cytotoxic effects of LPS. These are the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric monoxide (NO), which creates nitrosative stress, hampering the distribution of invading pathogens and tumor cells. While the expression of TNF-α was unaffected by Pb(2+), the production of NO was significantly inhibited. Moreover, blocking NO synthesis by low molecular weight inhibitors prevented LPS-mediated toxicity, confirming the role of NO in these events. Pb(2+) exposure led to a downregulation of LPS-induced expression of the transcription factor STAT1, which is involved in iNOS transcription. Moreover, iNOS mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the presence of Pb(2+), explaining the reduced formation of NO and a subsequent increase of cellular viability in vitro. In vivo, the effect might limit collateral damage caused by excessive NO production, but also impair the efficiency of NO as a central mediator of the defense against various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dörpinghaus
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Brieger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olga Panichkina
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
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Ding N, Wang X, Weisskopf MG, Sparrow D, Schwartz J, Hu H, Park SK. Lead-Related Genetic Loci, Cumulative Lead Exposure and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: The Normative Aging Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161472. [PMID: 27584680 PMCID: PMC5008632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cumulative exposure to lead is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Polymorphisms in the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), hemochromatosis (HFE), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), vitamin D receptor (VDR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) supergene family (GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTM1), apolipoprotein E (APOE),angiotensin II receptor-1 (AGTR1) and angiotensinogen (AGT) genes, are believed to alter toxicokinetics and/or toxicodynamics of lead. OBJECTIVES We assessed possible effect modification by genetic polymorphisms in ALAD, HFE, HMOX1, VDR, GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTM1, APOE, AGTR1 and AGT individually and as the genetic risk score (GRS) on the association between cumulative lead exposure and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events. METHODS We used K-shell-X-ray fluorescence to measure bone lead levels. GRS was calculated on the basis of 22 lead-related loci. We constructed Cox proportional hazard models to compute adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident CHD. We applied inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias due to recruitment into the bone lead sub-study. RESULTS Significant effect modification was found by VDR, HMOX1, GSTP1, APOE, and AGT genetic polymorphisms when evaluated individually. Further, the bone lead-CHD associations became larger as GRS increases. After adjusting for potential confounders, a HR of CHD was 2.27 (95%CI: 1.50-3.42) with 2-fold increase in patella lead levels, among participants in the top tertile of GRS. We also detected an increasing trend in HRs across tertiles of GRS (p-trend = 0.0063). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that lead-related loci as a whole may play an important role in susceptibility to lead-related CHD risk. These findings need to be validated in a separate cohort containing bone lead, lead-related genetic loci and incident CHD data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Marc G. Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Sparrow
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Howard Hu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Mocny CS, Pecoraro VL. De novo protein design as a methodology for synthetic bioinorganic chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2388-96. [PMID: 26237119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The major advances in molecular and structural biology and automated peptide and DNA synthesis of the 1970s and 1980s generated fertile conditions in the 1990s for the exploration of designed proteins as a new approach for inorganic chemists to generate biomolecular mimics of metalloproteins. This Account follows the development of the TRI peptide family of three-stranded coiled coils (3SCC) and α3D family of three-helix bundles (3HB) as scaffolds for the preparation of metal binding sites within de novo designed constructs. The 3SCC were developed using the concept of a heptad repeat (abcdefg) putting hydrophobes in the a and d positions. The TRI peptides contain four heptads with capping glycines. Via substitution of leucine hydrophobes, metal ligands can be introduced into the a or d sites in order to bind metals. First, the ability to use cysteine-substituted 3SCC aggregates to impose higher or lower coordination numbers on Hg(II) and Cd(II) or matching the coordination preferences of As(III) and Pb(II) is discussed. Then, methods to develop dual site peptides capable of discriminating metals based on their type (e.g., Cd(II) vs Pb(II)), their preference for a vs d sites, and then their coordination number is described. Once these principles of metal site differentiation are described, we shift to building dual site peptides using both cysteine and histidine metal binding sites. This approach provides a construct with both a Hg(II) structural and a Zn(II) hydrolytic center, the latter of which is capable of hydrating CO2. With these Zn(II) proteins, we consider the relative importance of the location of the catalytic center along the primary sequence of the peptide and show that only minor perturbations in catalytic efficiencies are observed based on metal location. We then assess the feasibility of preparing enzymes competent to reduce nitrite with copper centers in a histidine-rich environment. As part of this discussion, we examine the influence of surface residues on catalyst reduction potentials and catalytic efficiencies. We end describing approaches to prepare asymmetric proteins that can incorporate acid-base catalysts or water channels. In this respect, we highlight modifications of a helix-turn-helix-turn-helix motif called α3D and show how this 3HB can be modified to bind heavy metals or to make Zn(II) centers, which are active hydrolytic catalysts. A comparison is made to the comparable parallel 3SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Mocny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Andrade VL, Mateus ML, Batoréu MC, Aschner M, Marreilha dos Santos AP. Lead, Arsenic, and Manganese Metal Mixture Exposures: Focus on Biomarkers of Effect. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:13-23. [PMID: 25693681 PMCID: PMC4470849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The increasing exposure of human populations to excessive levels of metals continues to represent a matter of public health concern. Several biomarkers have been studied and proposed for the detection of adverse health effects induced by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn); however, these studies have relied on exposures to each single metal, which fails to replicate real-life exposure scenarios. These three metals are commonly detected in different environmental, occupational, and food contexts and they share common neurotoxic effects, which are progressive and once clinically apparent may be irreversible. Thus, chronic exposure to low levels of a mixture of these metals may represent an additive risk of toxicity. Building upon their shared mechanisms of toxicity, such as oxidative stress, interference with neurotransmitters, and effects on the hematopoietic system, we address putative biomarkers, which may assist in assessing the onset of neurological diseases associated with exposure to this metal mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- VL Andrade
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - ML Mateus
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - MC Batoréu
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 10461 NY, USA
| | - AP Marreilha dos Santos
- Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Corresponding author – , Tel – 351217946400, Fax - 351217946470
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Ramanujam VMS, Anderson KE. Porphyria Diagnostics-Part 1: A Brief Overview of the Porphyrias. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN HUMAN GENETICS 2015; 86:17.20.1-17.20.26. [PMID: 26132003 PMCID: PMC4640448 DOI: 10.1002/0471142905.hg1720s86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Porphyria diseases are a group of metabolic disorders caused by abnormal functioning of heme biosynthesis enzymes and characterized by excessive accumulation and excretion of porphyrins and their precursors. Precisely which of these chemicals builds up depends on the type of porphyria. Porphyria is not a single disease but a group of nine disorders: acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), variegate porphyria (VP), δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria (ADP), porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP), congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), and X-linked protoporphyria (XLP). Each porphyria results from overproduction of heme precursors secondary to partial deficiency or, in XLP, increased activity of one of the enzymes of heme biosynthesis. Taken together, all forms of porphyria afflict fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Based on European studies, the most common porphyria, PCT, has a prevalence of 1 in 10,000, the most common acute porphyria, AlP, has a prevalence of ∼1 in 20,000, and the most common erythropoietic porphyria, EPP, is estimated at 1 in 50,000 to 75,000. CEP is extremely rare, with prevalence estimates of 1 in 1,000,000 or less. Only six cases of ADP are documented. The current porphyria literature is very exhaustive and a brief overview of porphyria diseases is essential in order for the reader to better appreciate the relevance of this area of research prior to undertaking biochemical diagnostics procedures. This unit summarizes the current knowledge on the classification, clinical features, etiology, pathogenesis, and genetics of porphyria diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl Elmo Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1109
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Liu C, Huo X, Lin P, Zhang Y, Li W, Xu X. Association between blood erythrocyte lead concentrations and hemoglobin levels in preschool children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:9233-40. [PMID: 25588596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research, lead (Pb) toxicity still remains one of the most frequently investigated subjects in environmental health. Whole blood lead (BPb) is usually used to evaluate Pb exposure for both screening and clinical diagnosis. However, it is generally recognized that BPb is not a sensitive biomarker for Pb exposure in hematological studies. Considering hematocrit (HCT) variation in different situations, HCT-adjusted BPb or erythrocyte Pb (EPb) may be more relevant when evaluating the hematotoxicity of blood Pb. Data collected from 855 preschool children, 3-7 years of age, allowed us to examine the relationship between EPb and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Multivariate linear regression was performed to determine the significance of EPb as predictor of Hb after covariate adjustment; then, mean differences of Hb levels between quartiles of EPb and BPb (1st quartile as reference) were determined using ANOVA followed by Student's t test. The dose-response curve between EPb and HCT was plotted using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) method. A doubling of EPb was associated with a 2.44 g/L decrease in Hb level. Compared to the 1st quartile group of EPb, the 3rd and 4th quartile groups showed significant decreases in Hb levels (3.01 and 3.97 g/L, respectively). Compared to the 1st quartile group of BPb, the 2nd quartile group showed a decrease in Hb levels (0.63 g/L), while the 3rd and 4th quartile groups showed increases in Hb levels (0.78 and 1.45 g/L, respectively). Increased EPb levels are significantly associated with decreased Hb levels in preschool children. HCT must be taken into consideration in investigating the hematological effects of Pb. Compared to BPb, EPb or HCT-adjusted BPb appear as a more effective biomarker to interpret the hematotoxicity of lead. Furthermore, blood erythrocytes are not only a repository of Pb but also a primary target of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd., Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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Fernández B, Martínez-Gómez C, Benedicto J. Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D) in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from Mediterranean waters as biomarker of lead exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 115:209-216. [PMID: 25706085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) has been investigated as biomarker of lead (Pb) exposure in red mullet (Mullus barbatus) from the Spanish continental shelf. Concentrations of Pb and Zn in muscle and organosomatic indices were also measured to explore causality. Blood ALA-D assay conditions were optimized; the optimum pH for this species has been set to 6.5. Results showed that ALA-D activity ranged from 3.2 to 16.9 nmol PBGmin(-1)mg(-1). No significant differences on ALA-D levels between genders have been detected. ALA-D Baseline level and Background Assessment Criteria (BAC) for this species have been set to 9.1 and 6.6 nmol PBGmin(-1)mg(-1), respectively. There have been detected significant differences on ALA-D activity levels among areas, though the markedly low levels of Pb measured in fish muscle seemed not to be able to produce a relevant suppression on ALA-D. In spite of this, a weak inverse relationship detected between ALA-D and Pb concentrations pointed out the potential of this biomarker in red mullet to reflect Pb bioavailability in marine environment. Nevertheless, subsequent research on ALA-D in marine fish species is recommended to be limited to areas where environmental Pb is effectively accumulated by fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fernández
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - C Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Benedicto
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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Neslund-Dudas C, Kandegedara A, Kryvenko ON, Gupta N, Rogers C, Rybicki BA, Dou QP, Mitra B. Prostate tissue metal levels and prostate cancer recurrence in smokers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 157:107-12. [PMID: 24385087 PMCID: PMC4096659 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although smoking is not associated with prostate cancer risk overall, smoking is associated with prostate cancer recurrence and mortality. Increased cadmium (Cd) exposure from smoking may play a role in progression of the disease. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine Cd, arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) levels in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumor and tumor-adjacent non-neoplastic tissue of never- and ever-smokers with prostate cancer. In smokers, metal levels were also evaluated with regard to biochemical and distant recurrence of disease. Smokers (N = 25) had significantly higher Cd (median ppb, p = 0.03) and lower Zn (p = 0.002) in non-neoplastic tissue than never-smokers (N = 21). Metal levels were not significantly different in tumor tissue of smokers and non-smokers. Among smokers, Cd level did not differ by recurrence status. However, the ratio of Cd ppb to Pb ppb was significantly higher in both tumor and adjacent tissue of cases with distant recurrence when compared with cases without distant recurrence (tumor tissue Cd/Pb, 6.36 vs. 1.19, p = 0.009, adjacent non-neoplastic tissue Cd/Pb, 6.36 vs. 1.02, p = 0.038). Tissue Zn levels were also higher in smokers with distant recurrence (tumor, p = 0.039 and adjacent non-neoplastic, p = 0.028). These initial findings suggest that prostate tissue metal levels may differ in smokers with and without recurrence. If these findings are confirmed in larger studies, additional work will be needed to determine whether variations in metal levels are drivers of disease progression or are simply passengers of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Neslund-Dudas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, One Ford Place, Suite 5C, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA,
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Kelly RS, Lundh T, Porta M, Bergdahl IA, Palli D, Johansson AS, Botsivali M, Vineis P, Vermeulen R, Kyrtopoulos SA, Chadeau-Hyam M. Blood erythrocyte concentrations of cadmium and lead and the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma: a nested case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81892. [PMID: 24312375 PMCID: PMC3842971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are hypothesised to be risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), a group of haematological malignancies with a suspected environmental aetiology. Within the EnviroGenoMarkers study we utilised pre-diagnostic erythrocyte concentrations of Cd and Pb to determine whether exposure was associated with risk of B-cell NHL and multiple myeloma. METHODS 194 incident cases of B-cell NHL and 76 cases of multiple myeloma diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 were identified from two existing cohorts; EPIC-Italy and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. Cases were matched to healthy controls by centre, age, gender and date of blood collection. Cd and Pb were measured in blood samples provided at recruitment using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Logistic regression was applied to assess the association with risk. Analyses were stratified by cohort and gender and by subtype where possible. RESULTS There was little evidence of an increased risk of B-cell NHL or multiple myeloma with exposure to Cd (B-cell NHL: OR 1.09 95%CI 0.61, 1.93, MM: OR 1.16 95% CI: 0.40, 3.40 ) or Pb (B-cell NHL: 0.93 95% CI 0.43, 2.02, multiple myeloma: OR 1.63 95%CI 0.45, 5.94) in the total population when comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of exposure. However, gender and cohort specific differences in results were observed. In females the risk of B-cell NHL was more than doubled in those with a body burden of Cd >1 µg/L (OR 2.20 95%CI; 1.04, 4.65). CONCLUSIONS This nested case-control study does not support a consistent positive association between Cd or Pb and NHL, but there is some indication of a gender specific effect suggesting further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S. Kelly
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Miquel Porta
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute - IMIM, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ingvar A. Bergdahl
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy
| | | | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Vineis
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- HuGeF Foundation, Turin, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soterios A. Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Marc Chadeau-Hyam
- Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. 8-Hydroxyquinolines: a review of their metal chelating properties and medicinal applications. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:1157-78. [PMID: 24115839 PMCID: PMC3793592 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s49763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions play an important role in biological processes and in metal homeostasis. Metal imbalance is the leading cause for many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. 8-Hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) is a small planar molecule with a lipophilic effect and a metal chelating ability. As a result, 8HQ and its derivatives hold medicinal properties such as antineurodegenerative, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. Herein, diverse bioactivities of 8HQ and newly synthesized 8HQ-based compounds are discussed together with their mechanisms of actions and structure–activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veda Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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38
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Tian L, Zheng G, Sommar JN, Liang Y, Lundh T, Broberg K, Lei L, Guo W, Li Y, Tan M, Skerfving S, Jin T, Bergdahl IA. Lead concentration in plasma as a biomarker of exposure and risk, and modification of toxicity by δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase gene polymorphism. Toxicol Lett 2013; 221:102-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Declining blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin levels in Ecuadorian Andean children. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1233-8. [PMID: 23684775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate current lead (Pb) exposure in children living in Andean Ecuadorian communities. Blood Pb (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels were used respectively as biomarkers of acute and chronic Pb poisoning. The current PbB-ZPP levels were compared with previous pediatric PbB-ZPP levels recorded over years in the study area. DESIGN AND METHODS Samples of whole blood were collected from 22 Andean children of Quechua and Mestizo backgrounds and measured for PbB concentrations by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. ZPP/heme ratio and ZPP whole blood (ZPP WB) levels were measured with a hematofluorometer. RESULTS The mean PbB level for children in the current study group was 14.5 μg/dL, which was significantly lower than the mean PbB level of 41.1 μg/dL found in the same study area in the 1996-2000 test period, and lower than the 22.2 μg/dL mean level found in the 2003-2007 period. The current mean ZPP/heme ratio was 102.1 μmol/mol, and the mean ZPP WB level was 46.3 μg/dL, both lower than values previously found in children in the study area. CONCLUSION While the current pediatric PbB-ZPP levels in the study area remain elevated in some children, the overall levels indicate a decline relative to levels observed in the same Pb-contaminated area in the period between 1996 and 2007. The elevated ZPP levels suggest a history of chronic Pb exposure, and potential iron deficiency in some children. The overall reduction in PbB-ZPP levels suggests a positive outcome of a Pb-exposure education and prevention program, and the therapeutic intervention of succimer chelation therapy.
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Kirberger M, Wong HC, Jiang J, Yang JJ. Metal toxicity and opportunistic binding of Pb(2+) in proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 125:40-9. [PMID: 23692958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lead toxicity is associated with various human diseases. While Ca(2+) binding proteins such as calmodulin (CaM) are often reported to be molecular targets for Pb(2+)-binding and lead toxicity, the effect of Pb(2+) on the Ca(2+)/CaM regulated biological activities cannot be described by the primary mechanism of ionic displacement (e.g., ionic mimicry). The focus of this study was to investigate the mechanism of lead toxicity through binding differences between Ca(2+) and Pb(2+) for CaM, an essential intracellular trigger protein with two EF-Hand Ca(2+)-binding sites in each of its two domains that regulates many molecular targets via Ca(2+)-induced conformational change. Fluorescence changes in phenylalanine indicated that Pb(2+) binds with 8-fold higher affinity than Ca(2+) in the N-terminal domain. Additionally, NMR chemical shift changes and an unusual biphasic response observed in tyrosine fluorescence associated with C-terminal domain sites EF-III and EF-IV suggest a single higher affinity Pb(2+)-binding site with a 3-fold higher affinity than Ca(2+), coupled with a second site exhibiting affinity nearly equivalent to that of the N-terminal domain sites. Our results further indicate that Pb(2+) displaces Ca(2+) only in the N-terminal domain, with minimal perturbation of the C-terminal domain, however significant structural/dynamic changes are observed in the trans-domain linker region which appear to be due to Pb(2+)-binding outside of the known calcium-binding sites. These data suggest that opportunistic Pb(2+)-binding in Ca(2+)/CaM has a profound impact on the conformation and dynamics of the essential molecular recognition sites of the central helix, and provides insight into the molecular toxicity of non-essential metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics and Drug Design and Biotechnology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States
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Abstract
Porphyric neuropathy often poses a diagnostic dilemma; it is typically associated with the hepatic porphyrias, characterized by acute life-threatening attacks of neurovisceral symptoms that mimic a range of acute medical and psychiatric conditions. The development of acute neurovisceral attacks is responsive to environmental factors, including drugs, hormones, and diet. This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations, genetics, pathophysiology, and mechanisms of neurotoxicity of the acute hepatic porphyrias. While the etiology of the neurological manifestations in the acute porphyrias remains undefined, the main hypotheses include toxicity of porphyrin precursors and deficiency of heme synthesis. These hypotheses will be discussed with reference to novel experimental models of porphyric neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Shin-Yi Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
We present 2 cases of lead poisoning, the first of a child playing with painted toys and the second of an adult on local medicine. The former presented with acute abdomen and the latter with peripheral muscle weakness. We propose that raised serum δ-amino leavulinic acid (δ-ALA) levels strongly point towards the possibility of lead poisoning.
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Increased erythrocyte lead levels correlate with decreased hemoglobin levels in the Korean general population: analysis of 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2012; 86:741-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-012-0811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Coeurdassier M, Fritsch C, Faivre B, Crini N, Scheifler R. Partitioning of Cd and Pb in the blood of European blackbirds (Turdus merula) from a smelter contaminated site and use for biomonitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:1368-1373. [PMID: 22401744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Blood composition is commonly measured to assess exposure to and effects of metals on birds. In most of passerine species, only small volumes of blood may be sampled safely (<500 μL), which limit the measure of several markers of health status and chemical residues. Here, we documented the partitioning of Cd and Pb in the blood of European Blackbirds Turdus merula in order to propose usable relationships between whole blood concentrations (for which toxicological benchmarks exist) and those measured in the erythrocytes. Sixty-two blackbirds were trapped along a pollution gradient (smelter of Metaleurop Nord, Northern France). Blood was sampled and Cd and Pb concentrations were measured both in whole blood and in the erythrocytes only. Birds coming from the most contaminated sites exhibited high residues for both Cd and Pb. We assessed that 73% and 99% of Cd and Pb, respectively, were associated to erythrocytes. Strong linear relationships, that were not influenced by neither the age nor the sex, were established between whole blood residues and those of erythrocytes for Cd and Pb (adj-R(2)=0.78 and 0.93, respectively). Present findings are promising to optimize the use of small blood samples in order to investigate several responses relative to wildlife health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Coeurdassier
- Department of Chrono-Environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, University of Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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Claus Henn B, Kim J, Wessling-Resnick M, Téllez-Rojo MM, Jayawardene I, Ettinger AS, Hernández-Avila M, Schwartz J, Christiani DC, Hu H, Wright RO. Associations of iron metabolism genes with blood manganese levels: a population-based study with validation data from animal models. Environ Health 2011; 10:97. [PMID: 22074419 PMCID: PMC3248860 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given mounting evidence for adverse effects from excess manganese exposure, it is critical to understand host factors, such as genetics, that affect manganese metabolism. METHODS Archived blood samples, collected from 332 Mexican women at delivery, were analyzed for manganese. We evaluated associations of manganese with functional variants in three candidate iron metabolism genes: HFE [hemochromatosis], TF [transferrin], and ALAD [δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase]. We used a knockout mouse model to parallel our significant results as a novel method of validating the observed associations between genotype and blood manganese in our epidemiologic data. RESULTS Percentage of participants carrying at least one copy of HFE C282Y, HFE H63D, TF P570S, and ALAD K59N variant alleles was 2.4%, 17.7%, 20.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Percentage carrying at least one copy of either C282Y or H63D allele in HFE gene was 19.6%. Geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) manganese concentrations were 17.0 (1.5) μg/l. Women with any HFE variant allele had 12% lower blood manganese concentrations than women with no variant alleles (β = -0.12 [95% CI = -0.23 to -0.01]). TF and ALAD variants were not significant predictors of blood manganese. In animal models, Hfe(-/-) mice displayed a significant reduction in blood manganese compared with Hfe(+/+) mice, replicating the altered manganese metabolism found in our human research. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that genetic variants in iron metabolism genes may contribute to variability in manganese exposure by affecting manganese absorption, distribution, or excretion. Genetic background may be critical to consider in studies that rely on environmental manganese measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Martha María Téllez-Rojo
- Division of Statistics, Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Innocent Jayawardene
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
| | - Adrienne S Ettinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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Lead-binding proteins: a review. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:686050. [PMID: 21941540 PMCID: PMC3175699 DOI: 10.1155/2011/686050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead-binding proteins are a series of low molecular weight proteins, analogous to metallothionein, which segregate lead in a nontoxic form in several organs (kidney, brain, lung, liver, erythrocyte). Whether the lead-binding proteins in every organ are identical or different remains to be determined. In the erythrocyte, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) isoforms have commanded the greatest attention as proteins and enzymes that are both inhibitable and inducible by lead. ALAD-2, although it binds lead to a greater degree than ALAD-1, appears to bind lead in a less toxic form. What may be of greater significance is that a low molecular weight lead-binding protein, approximately 10 kDa, appears in the erythrocyte once blood lead exceeds 39 μg/dL and eventually surpasses the lead-binding capacity of ALAD. In brain and kidney of environmentally exposed humans and animals, a cytoplasmic lead-binding protein has been identified as thymosin β4, a 5 kDa protein. In kidney, but not brain, another lead-binding protein has been identified as acyl-CoA binding protein, a 9 kDa protein. Each of these proteins, when coincubated with liver ALAD and titrated with lead, diminishes the inhibition of ALAD by lead, verifying their ability to segregate lead in a nontoxic form.
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Lin CSY, Lee MJ, Park SB, Kiernan MC. Purple pigments: the pathophysiology of acute porphyric neuropathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2336-44. [PMID: 21855406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The porphyrias are inherited metabolic disorders arising from disturbance in the haem biosynthesis pathway. The neuropathy associated with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) occurs due to mutation involving the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and is characterised by motor-predominant features. Definitive diagnosis often encompasses a combination of biochemical, enzyme analysis and genetic testing, with clinical neurophysiological findings of a predominantly motor axonal neuropathy. Symptomatic and supportive treatment are the mainstays during an acute attack. If administered early, intravenous haemin may prevent progression of neuropathy. While the pathophysiology of AIP neuropathy remains unclear, axonal dysfunction appears intrinsically linked to the effects of neural energy deficits acquired through haem deficiency coupled to the neurotoxic effects of porphyrin precursors. The present review will provide an overview of AIP neuropathy, including discussion of recent advances in understanding developed through neurophysiological approaches that have further delineated the pathophysiology of axonal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S-Y Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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van Bemmel DM, Boffetta P, Liao LM, Berndt SI, Menashe I, Yeager M, Chanock S, Karami S, Zaridze D, Matteev V, Janout V, Kollarova H, Bencko V, Navratilova M, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D, Slamova A, Rothman N, Han SS, Rosenberg PS, Brennan P, Chow WH, Moore LE. Comprehensive analysis of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydrogenase (ALAD) variants and renal cell carcinoma risk among individuals exposed to lead. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20432. [PMID: 21799727 PMCID: PMC3140467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies are reporting associations between lead exposure and human cancers. A polymorphism in the 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene affects lead toxicokinetics and may modify the adverse effects of lead. Methods The objective of this study was to evaluate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the ALAD region among renal cancer cases and controls to determine whether genetic variation alters the relationship between lead and renal cancer. Occupational exposure to lead and risk of cancer was examined in a case-control study of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Comprehensive analysis of variation across the ALAD gene was assessed using a tagging SNP approach among 987 cases and 1298 controls. Occupational lead exposure was estimated using questionnaire-based exposure assessment and expert review. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using logistic regression. Results The adjusted risk associated with the ALAD variant rs8177796CT/TT was increased (OR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.05–1.73, p-value = 0.02) when compared to the major allele, regardless of lead exposure. Joint effects of lead and ALAD rs2761016 suggest an increased RCC risk for the homozygous wild-type and heterozygous alleles (GGOR = 2.68, 95%CI = 1.17–6.12, p = 0.01; GAOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.06–3.04 with an interaction approaching significance (pint = 0.06).. No significant modification in RCC risk was observed for the functional variant rs1800435(K68N). Haplotype analysis identified a region associated with risk supporting tagging SNP results. Conclusion A common genetic variation in ALAD may alter the risk of RCC overall, and among individuals occupationally exposed to lead. Further work in larger exposed populations is warranted to determine if ALAD modifies RCC risk associated with lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M van Bemmel
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of the Director, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Li C, Xu M, Wang S, Yang X, Zhou S, Zhang J, Liu Q, Sun Y. Lead exposure suppressed ALAD transcription by increasing methylation level of the promoter CpG islands. Toxicol Lett 2011; 203:48-53. [PMID: 21396434 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation provides a plausible link between the environment and alterations in gene expression that may lead to disease phenotypes. Lead exposure can change DNA methylation status. Here, we hypothesized that the methylation of the ALAD gene promoter may play an important role in lead toxicity. To determine whether the methylation level of the ALAD promoter is associated with the risk of lead poisoning, we conducted a case-control study of 103 workers from a battery plant and 103 healthy volunteers with matching age and gender distribution. We employed real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in cell models to determine the relationship between ALAD methylation level and transcription level. We found lead exposure to increase the ALAD gene methylation level and down-regulate ALAD transcription. The difference in methylation frequencies between exposures and controls was statistically significant (p=0.002), and individuals with methylated ALAD gene showed an increased risk of lead poisoning (adjusted OR=3.57, 95% CI, 1.55-8.18). This study suggests that the lead-exposure-induced increases in ALAD methylation may be involved in the mechanism of lead toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Zheng G, Tian L, Liang Y, Broberg K, Lei L, Guo W, Nilsson J, Bergdahl IA, Skerfving S, Jin T. δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype predicts toxic effects of lead on workers' peripheral nervous system. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:374-82. [PMID: 21439310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a wide variation in sensitivity to lead (Pb) exposure, which may be due to genetic susceptibility towards Pb. We investigated whether a polymorphism (rs1800435) in the δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene affected the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of Pb. Among 461 Chinese Pb-exposed storage battery and 175 unexposed workers, allele frequencies for the ALAD1 and ALAD2 alleles were 0.968 and 0.032, respectively. The Pb-exposed workers had a higher fraction of the ALAD1-2/2-2 genotype than unexposed workers (7.8% vs. 2.3%, p=0.01). The Pb levels in blood (B-Pb) and urine (U-Pb) were higher in Pb-exposed workers carrying the ALAD2 allele compared to homozygotes for ALAD1 (median B-Pb: 606 vs. 499 μg/L; U-Pb: 233 vs. 164 μg/g creatinine), while there was no statistically significant difference in the unexposed controls (median: 24 vs. 37 μg/L, and 3.9 vs. 6.4μg/g creatinine, respectively). High B-Pb and U-Pb were associated with statistically significantly lower sensory and motor conduction velocities in the median, ulnar and peroneal nerves. At the same B-Pb and U-Pb, ALAD1 homozygotes had lower conduction velocities than the ALAD2 carriers. There were similar trends for toxic effects on haem synthesis (zinc protoporphyrin and haemoglobin in blood) and renal function (albumin and N-acetyl-d-β-acetylglucosaminidase in urine), but without statistical significance. There was no difference in Pb toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics associated with VDR BsmI polymorphism. Our results show that the ALAD genotype modifies the relationship between Pb and its toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system. This must be considered in the assessment of risks at Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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