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Amin D, Manhan AJ, Zeidan AJ, Evans DP, Abramowicz S, Smith RN. Do Gender Differences Exist Among Victims of Head and Neck Injuries due to Intimate Partner Violence? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 81:49-55. [PMID: 36351477 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV) is much lower in males than females. Data regarding IPV-related injuries patterns and characteristics in males are scant. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare patterns of IPV-related head and neck injuries between men and women. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study reviewed cases of IPV at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia from January 2016 to August 2019. The study sample was collected from electronic medical records by identifying IPV subjects using a natural language processing algorithm and then cross-referencing the trauma registry to identify patients who sustained head and neck injuries. The primary analyses of interest were to measure the association between gender and the following covariates: age, race, insurance status, setting of injury, day of injury, social history, report of physical abuse, mechanism of injury, injury location, brain injuries, soft tissue injuries, facial fractures, other associated injuries, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, hospital length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, and discharge status. Univariate and bivariate analyses were calculated. Statistical significance was P < .05. RESULTS One hundred fifty six patients met inclusion criteria. There were 120 (76.9%) female patients with a mean age of 34.5 years (range, 16 to 67 years). There were 36 (23%) male patients with a mean age of 43.8 years (range, 18 to 77 years). Women were statistically more likely than men to have government-subsidized insurance (47 [39.2%] vs 7 [19.4%]; P = .03), positive alcohol exposure (27 [22.5%] vs 19 [52.8%]; P = .0001), positive illicit drugs toxicology screen (25 [20.8%] vs 13 [36.1%]; P < .02), report physical abuse (24 [20%] vs 0; P = .004), have subarachnoid hemorrhage (14 [11.7%] vs 0; P = .04), and/or lower extremity injuries (39 [32.5%] vs 5 [13.9%]; P = .03). CONCLUSION Males tend not to report physical abuse; this behavior contributes to IPV under-reporting in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Amin
- Assistant Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Associate Chief Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Outpatient Clinic, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Andrew J Manhan
- Medical Student Researcher, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amy J Zeidan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Dabney P Evans
- Assistant Professor, Hubert Department of Global Health & Director, Center for Humanitarian Emergencies, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shelly Abramowicz
- Associate Professor in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine; Chief of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Randi N Smith
- Assistant Professor of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Public Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
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Verbruggen J, Blokland AAJ, Robinson AL, Maxwell CD. General Offending and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Young Adulthood: A Dutch Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2022; 66:1796-1820. [PMID: 34096354 PMCID: PMC9607994 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x211022657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between general offending and intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in young adulthood, using a Dutch longitudinal study. Young adults were followed over four waves, and self-reported data on general offending, IPV perpetration, and a number of individual characteristics were collected. Results of random effects models demonstrated that young adults involved in more diverse offending behavior reported higher levels of different types of IPV perpetration, even when individual factors were taken into account. Moreover, logistic regression analyses showed that general offending was also related to an increased likelihood of continuity in IPV perpetration. Taken together, the findings indicate that it is useful to view IPV perpetration as part of a broader criminal career.
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3
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Haight SC, Gallis JA, Chung EO, Baranov V, Bibi A, Frost A, Hagaman A, Sikander S, Maselko J, Bates LM. Stressful life events, intimate partner violence, and perceived stress in the postpartum period: longitudinal findings in rural Pakistan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2193-2205. [PMID: 36050505 PMCID: PMC10084399 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress is well documented, the directionality of this relationship is unclear. We use an adjusted longitudinal study design to better understand if stressful life events in the home precipitate or exacerbate intimate partner violence (IPV) and if experiences of IPV, in turn, increase levels of perceived stress. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected among married women in rural Pakistan at 12 and 24 months postpartum (N = 815). Adjusted Poisson and linear regression models were used to examine stressful life events, past year IPV and severity (number and frequency of violent acts), and perceived stress (Cohen Perceived Stress Scale). RESULTS At 12 months postpartum, the prevalence of past year physical, psychological, and sexual IPV was 8.5%, 25.7%, and 25.1%, respectively, with 42.6% experiencing any IPV. After adjustment, stressful life events were associated with a subsequent increased likelihood of all IPV types and increased severity of all but physical IPV. Any past year IPV (versus none) and greater IPV severity were associated with 3.43 (95% CI 2.33-4.52) and 2.57 (95% CI 1.87-3.27) point subsequent increases in perceived stress. Physical, psychological, and sexual IPV and their respective severities were all independently associated with increased perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Among postpartum women in Pakistan, stressful life events increase the likelihood of IPV and, in turn, experiences of IPV increase stress levels. Support to families undergoing stressful circumstances may be critical to reducing women's IPV exposure and resulting elevated stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Haight
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - John A Gallis
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Esther O Chung
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria Baranov
- Department of Economics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Allison Frost
- Carolina Population Center, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Hagaman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Siham Sikander
- Global Institute of Human Development, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanna Maselko
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa M Bates
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
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4
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Yeo H, Choi YJ, Son E, Cho H, Yun SH, Lee JO. Childhood Community Risk Factors on Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20361-NP20385. [PMID: 34802312 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the effect of community environments, such as community cohesion, community safety, and community poverty, in childhood on the likelihood of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in young adulthood. The study used the cross-sectional survey data of 2,082 college students collected in 2016-2017 from six universities in the U.S. and the data for the childhood community environment from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey. Hierarchical regressions were performed separately by gender to 1) assess the effects of community factors in addition to individual factors for IPV perpetration and victimization, and to 2) identify the interaction effect of community cohesion with community poverty on IPV perpetration and victimization. Community factors of community cohesion and community poverty were significantly correlated to different types of IPV. For IPV perpetration, only community cohesion was significant for, the interaction effect between community cohesion and poverty showed that higher community cohesion lowered the risk of community poverty on later IPV perpetration in both genders. For IPV victimization, only female students were affected by community poverty, whereas none of the community factors had an impact on male students. The findings imply the significance of early interventions and policies strengthening the community environment, especially community cohesion, for preventing IPV. The findings also suggest that assessing risk and protective factors on IPV in multiple contexts during childhood is important to develop effective programs preventing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesu Yeo
- School of Social Work, 308457University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Y Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, 308457University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Esther Son
- Department of Social Work, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunkag Cho
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Yun
- School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nash SP, Sevareid EE, Longmore MA, Manning WD, Giordano PC. The Stress of Motherhood and Intimate Partner Violence during Emerging Adulthood. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1204-1215. [PMID: 36171866 PMCID: PMC9512277 DOI: 10.1177/2167696820984859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a serious social and public health problem for women. Researchers have shown the context in which intimate partner violence occurs matters, yet, prior work has not examined specifically whether motherhood, and the relationship context of motherhood, are associated with physical violence. Drawing on the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n = 492), and the stress process framework, we compared emerging adult mothers' (mothers with one child and mothers with multiple children) and non-mothers' reports of physical violence. Using negative binomial regression models, we found that mothers with multiple children compared with non-mothers reported more instances of relationship violence. We also found women in dating relationships with one child compared to non-mothers reported substantially more physical violence. These findings underscore the nature of stress and motherhood during emerging adulthood and the need for intervention strategies that target new mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue P. Nash
- Department of Sociology, St. Mary’s University
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Patterson MS, Prochnow T, Nelon JL, Spadine MN, Brown SE, Lanning BA. Egocentric network composition and structure relative to violence victimization among a sample of college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2017-2025. [PMID: 33264085 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo use egocentric network analysis to understand how composition and structure of egonetworks relate to violence victimization among college students. Participants: 697 students from a large southeastern university completed online surveys. Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between egocentric network variables and a history of violence victimization. Results: Being connected to others with a history of violence victimization increased a student's odds of indicating their own history of physical, emotional, and sexual violence victimization. Having less dense egonetworks was related to sexual violence victimization, while being connected to less people of the same gender was related to emotional violence victimization. Conclusion: The way college students' networks are composed and structured could help in understanding violence victimization in this population, and should be considered in prevention and reactionary efforts on campuses. These findings add to the current literature largely focused on individual-level risk factors related to violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Patterson
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - T Prochnow
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - J L Nelon
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - M N Spadine
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - S E Brown
- Texas School Safety Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - B A Lanning
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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7
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Swann G, Dyar C, Newcomb ME, Whitton SW. Longitudinal Transitions in Intimate Partner Violence among Female Assigned at Birth Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP4578-NP4603. [PMID: 32954911 PMCID: PMC7981285 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520959647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Female-assigned at birth sexual and gender minorities (FAB SGM) are at elevated risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), yet little longitudinal research has been conducted with this population. In the current study, we attempted to understand how patterns of IPV victimization and perpetration, measured across a wide range of IPV behaviors (psychological, physical, sexual, cyber, and SGM-specific), changed over time for FAB SGM youth. Participants came from a longitudinal cohort study of FAB SGM late adolescents and young adults (FAB400; N = 488) and included anyone who reported a romantic partner at one of the first three waves (six months apart; N = 433). Latent class analysis (LCA) was run at each wave to determine the best-fitting class structure across IPV experiences. These were followed up with latent transition analyses (LTAs) to determine patterns of movement between classes over the course of the three waves. Lastly, we looked at the effects of staying with the same romantic partner on transitions. We found that the same three-class structure replicated across all three waves of the study. That class structure identified no/low, psychological, and high IPV classes at each wave. In the LTA, when transitions occurred for FAB SGM, they were much more likely to transition to a class defined by lower likelihoods of experiencing IPV (i.e., psychological to no/low) than they were to a class defined by higher likelihoods of IPV (i.e., psychological to high). However, we found that FAB SGM youth were less likely to transition to a less severe IPV class if they maintained the same serious romantic partner across waves. This finding, in particular, suggests that IPV is often relationship specific for FAB SGM and that efforts to reduce IPV in SGM communities must consider intervening at the relationship level to effect meaningful change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Swann
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christina Dyar
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael E. Newcomb
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Northwestern University Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pérez YM, Gama A, Pedro AR, de Carvalho MJL, Guerreiro AE, Duarte V, Quintas J, Aguiar P, Keygnaert I, Dias S. The links of stress, substance use and socio-demographic factors with domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic in Portugal. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6551086. [PMID: 35312006 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lockdown, as a measure implemented to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, left many domestic violence (DV) victims trapped with their abusers. This study intends to explore the links between perceived stress, substance use and socio-demographic factors with DV experiences during COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 1062 participants over 16 years old, residing in Portugal. Data were collected through an online survey conducted between April and October 2020. The associations between potential factors and DV were investigated using bivariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of DV reported was 13.75% (n = 146), disaggregated into psychological violence (13%, n = 138), sexual violence (1.0%, n = 11) and physical violence (0.9%, n = 10). Multivariable analyses confirmed that perceived financial difficulties (OR = 1.608; P = 0.019), use of medications to sleep or calm down (OR = 1.851; P = 0.002) and perceived stress (OR = 2.443; P = 0.003) were responsible for DV exposure during COVID-19 pandemic. Younger age (<25 years old) and consumption of alcohol were associated with a higher risk of DV victimization. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at preventing and confronting DV are necessary within the strategies to combat COVID-19 in Portugal, especially aimed at groups in vulnerable situations, during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilian M Pérez
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Gama
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R Pedro
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria J L de Carvalho
- CICS.NOVA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1070-312 Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities (NOVA FCSH), 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana E Guerreiro
- University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal.,School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Duarte
- CICS.NOVA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, 1070-312 Lisbon, Portugal.,University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Jorge Quintas
- School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.,CJS, Interdisciplinary Research Center on Crime, Justice and Security, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ines Keygnaert
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,WHO Collaborating Centre: International Centre for Reproductive Health (ICRH), Centre for Social Studies on Migration and Refugees (CESSMIR), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sónia Dias
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
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Paterson J, Prah P, Tautolo ES, Iusitini L. Pacific Islands Families Study: Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pacific Mothers. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2598-2614. [PMID: 32659146 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520938510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread social problem affecting all populations regardless of gender, race, and socioeconomic status. The aims of this study were to examine (a) patterns of IPV among Pacific women living in New Zealand and (b) the risk and protective factors associated with IPV perpetration and victimization. As part of the longitudinal Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study, maternal interviews, which included reports about IPV, acculturation, and sociodemographic characteristics, were administered at phases 6 weeks, 2, 6, 11, and 14 years postpartum. Age had a significant effect on perpetration of both minor and severe perpetration of IPV, and on being a victim of minor IPV. However, no significant effect was found for severe victimization. Cultural alignment also had a significant effect on perpetration of IPV with Pacific mothers who were strongly aligned to their traditional Pacific culture being significantly less likely to report minor or severe IPV perpetration compared with Pacific mothers who were closely aligned to western culture. Single mothers reported significantly more minor victimization, and those mothers who were more highly educated and were in a higher income bracket were significantly less likely to report severe physical IPV victimization. These findings can inform the timing and targeting of culturally appropriate violence prevention efforts in adolescence and young adulthood that focus on the development of healthy intimate partner relationships and effective methods of conflict resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip Prah
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
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10
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Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health during Lockdown of the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052535. [PMID: 35270228 PMCID: PMC8909666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study took place in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research assesses the association between lockdown conditions (such as time spent at home, living environment, proximity to contamination and social contacts), mental health (including intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety and depression) and intimate partner violence within the community. This study evaluates the indirect effect of anxiety and depression on the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and intimate partner violence (physical assault and psychological aggression). Methods: 1532 adults (80.8% of women, Mage = 35.34) were recruited from the Belgian general population through an online self-report questionnaire completed during the lockdown (from April 17 to 1 May 2020). Results: The results demonstrate that the prevalence of physical assault (including both perpetration and victimization) was significantly higher in men, whereas the prevalence of psychological aggression was significantly higher in women. Men reported significantly more violence during lockdown. Women, on the other hand, were more anxious and more intolerant of uncertainty. No difference between men and women was found for depression. Anxiety and depression significantly mediated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and physical assault and psychological aggression. Sex did not moderate the mediation. Conclusion: Clinical implications for public health policy are highlighted.
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11
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Verbruggen J, Maxwell CD, Robinson AL. The Relationship Between the Development of General Offending and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1179-1205. [PMID: 32456523 PMCID: PMC8793293 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520922340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study examined how patterns in general offending relate to the occurrence of and likelihood of persistence in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in young adulthood. The study used longitudinal data from the cohort of 18 year olds from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods study. Self-reported offending was measured in all three waves, and data on IPV were collected in Waves 1 and 3. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three distinct general offending trajectory groups: non-offenders, low-rate offenders, and high-rate offenders. The majority of respondents engaged in psychological IPV perpetration, and half of all young adults reported physical IPV, but prevalence rates decreased over the waves. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that those involved in offending, especially those who showed a diverse offending pattern, were at increased risk of perpetrating psychological and (severe) physical IPV, as well as to show persistence in the different forms of IPV perpetration. The findings highlight an important overlap between general crime and IPV perpetration. In recognition that IPV is often part of a broader pattern of antisocial behavior, interventions should focus on interrupting the criminal careers of all young offenders to reduce the prevalence and harms of IPV.
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12
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Spadine M, Patterson MS, Brown S, Nelon J, Lanning B, Johnson DM. Predicting emotional abuse among a sample of college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:256-264. [PMID: 32208068 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1740709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to examine factors related to emotional abuse, an understudied type of intimate partner violence (IPV), among a sample of college students. Participants: 601 undergraduates from one large public university in the Midwestern United States (Spring 2017) and 756 undergraduates from one large public university in the Southern United States (Fall 2019) participated in the study. Methods: Participants completed an online survey measuring demographic information, behavioral variables (viewing porn, alcohol consumption, and hooking up), and history of violence (witnessing a father abuse his spouse, emotional abuse history). Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analyses predicting emotional abuse victimization were conducted. Results: Results indicate female, white, older students were more likely to report emotional abuse. Also, students witnessing their father abuse his spouse, frequent pornography use, increased alcohol use, and frequent hookups increased odds of emotional abuse. Conclusion: College campuses should consider emphasizing emotional abuse in IPV programing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Spadine
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Megan S Patterson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sydney Brown
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan Nelon
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Beth Lanning
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Dawn M Johnson
- Department of Counseling Psychology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
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Yari A, Zahednezhad H, Gheshlagh RG, Kurdi A. Frequency and determinants of domestic violence against Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1727. [PMID: 34551732 PMCID: PMC8457898 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Domestic violence (social, legal, and health violence) is the most common type of violence against women. Due to factors such as the current quarantine, this type of violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aimed to assess the frequency of domestic violence against women and identify the risk factor among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 Iranian women during May–June 2020. Data were collected using a domestic violence questionnaire, which measured three forms of violence, including physical, emotional, and sexual violence. A link of the questionnaire was distributed among anonymous subjects through social networking apps, such as WhatsApp and Telegram. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire based on their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and a regression model. Results The descriptive results showed that the mean domestic violence against women in all the participants was 34.9 (SD: 17.28). In addition, 26.6% (n = 84), 26.1% (n = 53), and 21.2% of the subjects (n = 43) experienced high levels of physical, emotional, and sexual violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The regression model also indicated that lower age, illiteracy/primary education, previous marriage(s), and unwanted/unwise marriage were the significant risk factors for domestic violence against women. Conclusion According to the results, domestic violence against women is common among Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, strategies are urgently needed to prevent and minimize such domestic violence, and such strategies could be adopted through providing educational opportunities, raising awareness, promoting wanted/wise marriage, and providing social support and rehabilitation opportunities to vulnerable social groups, especially vulnerable women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11791-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Yari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hosein Zahednezhad
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of MedicalSciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Lecturer in Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacy Practice, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
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Giordano PC, Copp JE, Manning WD, Longmore MA. Relationship Dynamics Associated with Dating Violence among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Feminist Post-Structural Analysis. FEMINIST CRIMINOLOGY 2021; 16:320-336. [PMID: 34658680 PMCID: PMC8519583 DOI: 10.1177/1557085120987613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We focus on the character of adolescent and young adult relationships, and argue that attention to interpersonal features of intimate partner violence (IPV) is necessary for a comprehensive view of this form of violence. Drawing on ideas from feminist post-structural perspectives, we highlight studies that develop a somewhat non-traditional but nevertheless gendered portrait of relationships as a backdrop for exploring dyadic processes associated with IPV. Findings are based on quantitative and qualitative analyses from a longitudinal study of a large, diverse sample of young women and men interviewed first during adolescence, and five additional times across the transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403
| | - Jennifer E Copp
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32309
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403
| | - Monica A Longmore
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403
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Krause-Utz A, Mertens LJ, Renn JB, Lucke P, Wöhlke AZ, van Schie CC, Mouthaan J. Childhood Maltreatment, Borderline Personality Features, and Coping as Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:6693-6721. [PMID: 30596325 PMCID: PMC8202213 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518817782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious mental and physical health concern worldwide. Although previous research suggests that childhood maltreatment increases the risk for IPV, the underlying psychological mechanisms of this relationship are not yet entirely understood. Borderline personality (BP) features may play an important role in the cycle of violence, being associated with interpersonal violence in both childhood and adult relationships. The present study investigated whether BP features mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and IPV, differentiating between perpetration and victimization, and taking maladaptive stress coping and gender into account. Self-reports on IPV, childhood trauma, BP features, and maladaptive stress coping were collected in a mixed (nonclinical and clinical) sample of 703 adults (n = 537 female, n = 166 male), using an online survey. A serial mediation analysis (PROCESS) was performed to quantify the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on IPV and its indirect effects through BP features and maladaptive coping. Childhood maltreatment severity significantly positively predicted IPV perpetration as well as victimization. BP features, but not coping, partially mediated this relationship. Follow-up analyses suggest that affective instability and interpersonal disturbances (e.g., separation concerns) play an important role in IPV perpetration, while interpersonal and identity disturbances may mediate the effect of childhood maltreatment on IPV victimization. In clinical practice, attention should be paid not only to histories of childhood abuse and neglect but also to BP features, which may be possible risk factors for IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Krause-Utz
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
- Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Charlotte C. van Schie
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, The Netherlands
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Halpern-Meekin S, Turney K. Relationship Churning and Desistance From Intimate Abuse. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:5685-5708. [PMID: 30339038 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518807214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to understand how desistance from intimate abuse occurs so it can be facilitated for those experiencing it. Recognizing the category of churning relationships-in which partners separate and reunite-gives us analytic leverage in identifying the relationship dynamics that predict abuse desistance. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal survey of parents in urban areas, we compare desistance among churners (who experience a breakup only) with those who repartner (who experience a breakup and a new partnership) and those who are stably together (who experience neither a breakup nor a new partnership). We examine whether abuse desistance patterns are distinct for those who breakup and reconcile versus those who breakup and form new partnerships-that is, we can separate out the association between abuse desistance and the breakup versus the new partnership. We find that, among those with a history of intimate abuse, churners and those who later repartner are overrepresented. However, among those who do experience abuse, the repartnered are most likely to experience desistance from intimate abuse, controlling for individual sociodemographic characteristics. In breaking up and entering a new relationship, the repartnered may be most successful in developing a healthier relationship dynamic than the churners who reunite with one another.
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Cadely HSE, Pittman JF, Pettit GS, Lansford JE, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Holtzworth-Munroe A. Predicting Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration From Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4679-NP4704. [PMID: 30136880 PMCID: PMC6387653 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518795173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Saint-Eloi Cadely et al. found longitudinal patterns for the perpetration of both psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV), including actively and minimally aggressive patterns. The current study builds on these findings by examining four theory-derived variables (interparental aggression, social-information processing [SIP] biases, relationship insecurities [preoccupied and fearful], and discontinuity in relationship partner over time) as predictors of membership within these patterns, using multinomial logistic regression. The analysis sample consisted of 484 participants who were romantically involved at least once during the eight waves of data collection from the ages of 18 to 25. In predicting psychological IPV, more SIP biases, higher levels of a preoccupied insecurity, and less discontinuity in relationship partners over time differentiated the actively aggressive patterns from the minimally aggressive pattern. In addition, two actively aggressive patterns of psychological IPV differed in terms of SIP biases and discontinuity in romantic partners. Specifically, more SIP biases and less discontinuity in romantic partnerships distinguished the extensively aggressive pattern from the pattern that mainly consisted of minor types of aggression. In predicting physical IPV, the aggressive pattern differed from the nonaggressive pattern in terms of more interparental aggression, more SIP biases, and more relationship insecurities. The findings that developmental patterns of IPV can be predicted by social and psychological factors may aid both developmental theory and practice.
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18
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Islam MJ, Broidy L, Mazerolle P, Baird K, Mazumder N. Exploring Intimate Partner Violence Before, During, and After Pregnancy in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3584-3612. [PMID: 29792129 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518775753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant or postpartum women is known to have multiple detrimental effects on women and their children. Although results from past research suggest much continuity in trajectories of IPV, it is unclear whether pregnancy interrupts or augments these patterns. Little is known about how physical, sexual, and psychological IPV change and overlap throughout a woman's transition to parenthood. Relying on population-based data, this study examines the prevalence, co-occurring nature, and the changing patterns of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV before, during, and after pregnancy in Bangladesh. Cross-sectional survey data were collected between October 2015 and January 2016 in the Chandpur District of Bangladesh from 426 new mothers, aged 15 to 49 years, who were in the first 6 months postpartum. IPV was assessed with a validated set of survey items. The frequencies of different types of IPV victimization according to the period of occurrence were calculated separately and in a cumulative, co-occurring manner. The prevalence of physical IPV before, during, and after pregnancy was 52.8%, 35.2%, and 32.2%, respectively. The comparative figures for psychological IPV were 67.4%, 65%, and 60.8%, and for sexual IPV were 21.1%, 18.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The results demonstrate a notable continuity in IPV victimization before, during, and after pregnancy. Psychological IPV is the only type to exhibit a significant reduction during and after pregnancy, compared with before pregnancy, but it commonly overlaps with physical IPV, which shows a significant change during pregnancy and little change in the postpartum period. At the same time, pregnancy and childbirth offer little protection against IPV for women in relationships characterized by psychological or sexual victimization, both of which commonly overlap with physical IPV. Results reinforce the need to conduct routine screening during pregnancy to identify women with a history of IPV and to offer necessary help and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jahirul Islam
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Bangladesh Planning Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lisa Broidy
- Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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Valdivia-Devia M, Oyanedel JC, Andrés-Pueyo A, Araya MF, Valdivia-Monzón M. ¿Trayectorias Delictivas Versátiles o Especializadas? Agresores de Violencia Intrafamiliar. ANUARIO DE PSICOLOGÍA JURÍDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5093/apj2021a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Messersmith LJ, Halim N, Steven Mzilangwe E, Reich N, Badi L, Holmes NB, Servidone M, Simmons E, Kawemama P. Childhood Trauma, Gender Inequitable Attitudes, Alcohol Use and Multiple Sexual Partners: Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence in Northern Tanzania. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:820-842. [PMID: 29294914 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517731313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, emotional, and economic violence, has profound immediate and long-term effects on individuals and communities worldwide. To date, few studies have focused on couples' reporting of IPV. The aim of this article is to present the results of a survey of couples' reporting of IPV and the individual, interpersonal, and social correlates of IPV in northern Tanzania. Four hundred fifty couples from Karatu District, Tanzania, completed a questionnaire measuring attitudes on gender norms and relations, men's experience of childhood trauma, and men's perpetration and women's experience of IPV. We found high levels of acceptance and experience of IPV: 72% of men justified a husband's perpetration of IPV, and 54% of men and 76% of women said that a woman should tolerate violence to keep her family together. The majority of women had ever experienced IPV (77.8%), and 73.6% and 69% had experienced IPV in the past 12 and 3 months, respectively. Men were significantly less likely to report that they had committed IPV: 63.6% ever, 48.9% in the past 12 months, and 46.2% in the past 3 months. Multivariate logistic regression found that younger men, men who reported gender inequitable attitudes, childhood trauma, multiple sexual partners, and alcohol use were significantly more likely to report IPV perpetration in the past 3 months. Younger women, and women with low levels of education and reported food shortages were significantly more likely to report IPV in the past 3 months. These results indicate that social and individual acceptance and justification of IPV are common. Experience of violence persists over time in many relationships. This study demonstrates the need for interventions that address individual-, interpersonal-, and community-level determinants of IPV, including attitudes regarding gender equity, exposure to violence as children and intergenerational violence, lack of education, and poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nafisa Halim
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ester Steven Mzilangwe
- World Education Inc./Bantwana, Boston, MA, USA
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Naomi Reich
- World Education Inc./Bantwana, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilian Badi
- World Education Inc./Bantwana, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Philbert Kawemama
- Prime Minister's Office, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Yombo Vocational and Rehabilitation Centre to Persons with Disabilities, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Ali B, Mittal M, Schroder A, Ishman N, Quinton S, Boekeloo B. Psychological Violence and Sexual Risk Behavior Among Predominantly African American Women. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5574-5588. [PMID: 29294855 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517720734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical and sexual violence are commonly researched as risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, psychological violence and its relationship with HIV risk behaviors have received limited attention among African American/Black (Black) women. This study examined (a) the frequency of recent (past 3 months) psychological violence, physical violence, and sexual violence and (b) the association of HIV risk behaviors, including unprotected sex, sex under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and sex exchange for money/drugs/shelter, with psychological violence. Participants included 191 women (89.2% Black), who were recruited through information sessions held at community centers, Parent Teacher Association meetings, substance use and HIV counseling centers, radio public service announcements, and word of mouth. Interested women participated in a multisession HIV and substance use prevention program and completed a self-reported assessment at program baseline. The current study utilized baseline data collected for a longitudinal study. Results from descriptive analysis indicated that the rate of psychological violence was higher than physical violence or sexual violence, and it was strongly associated with physical and sexual violence. Furthermore, hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that unprotected sex was significantly associated with recent psychological violence after controlling for covariates. Findings suggest that recent psychological violence is more common than physical or sexual violence and it relates to sexual risk behaviors among Black women. Recent psychological violence may indicate psychosocial and sexual vulnerability for HIV and warrants particular attention among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Ali
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | | | | | - Najah Ishman
- Strategic Community Services, Inc., Annapolis, MD, USA
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Saint-Eloi Cadely H, Pittman JF, Pettit GS, Lansford JE, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Holtzworth-Munroe A. Classes of Intimate Partner Violence From Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:4419-4443. [PMID: 29294801 PMCID: PMC6380955 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517715601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Researchers do not agree on how intimate partner violence (IPV) emerges and changes from adolescence to young adulthood. This may be because change in these behaviors varies across individuals. The present study uses a longitudinal, person-centered approach to examine whether there are multiple classes or patterns of change in the perpetration of IPV during the transitional period from adolescence (age 18) to young adulthood (age 25) using data collected annually from a community sample of 484 participants. Latent class analysis was the analytic approach used. Results revealed three patterns for psychological IPV (Little-to-None, Minor/Increasing, and Extensive/Increasing) and two patterns for physical IPV (Little-to-None and Extensive). Patterns varied greatly in number of representatives, although they were more balanced in size for psychological than physical IPV. Variations in IPV behaviors were also revealed across classes, although as expected in a community sample, minor forms of IPV were more common than severe forms. In addition, classes differed in demographic and relationship status variables. These findings suggest that IPV may occur in multiple distinct patterns as opposed to one average pattern across a population. This suggests that interventions for IPV may need to be geared to differences in patterns to enhance their efficacy.
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Wang L, Wu Q, Choi AWM. Negative Emotions as Risk Factors for Self-Directed Violence and Intimate Partner Violence in Chinese College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:3886-3912. [PMID: 29294777 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517713225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the unique contributions of negative emotions (i.e., anger, depression, and shame) for two different types of self-directed violence (i.e., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI] and suicidality) and three different types of intimate partner violence perpetration (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological violence) in a college sample. We investigated the moderating role of gender in any link between the negative emotions and the violent behaviors. We also examined an association between self-directed violence and intimate partner violence perpetration. We collected the survey data from a convenience sample of 752 Chinese college students (408 women and 344 men) ranging from 18 to 23 years of age. The questionnaires were filled out during class time. Analyses revealed that anger was associated with increased intimate partner physical, sexual, and psychological violence perpetration but not self-directed violence, underscoring its relevance for engaging in violence directed toward others. Our analyses also showed that, conversely, shame was associated with increased NSSI and suicidality but not intimate partner violence. Depression was associated with increased risk of engaging in self-directed violence as well as intimate partner physical and psychological violence. Moderation analysis showed that gender moderates the relationship of shame with NSSI. Women appear more susceptible to NSSI influenced by shame. Furthermore, the results found self-directed violence and intimate partner physical violence perpetration to be associated. The findings highlight the importance of targeting negative emotions in treatment with high-risk individuals. Integrated violence prevention programs would make it possible to treat co-occurring violence against self and intimate others in a more effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Qinglu Wu
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Adhia A, Lyons VH, Cohen-Cline H, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Life experiences associated with change in perpetration of domestic violence. Inj Epidemiol 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 32736590 PMCID: PMC7395385 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-020-00264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed whether several adult life experiences, including loss of support, loss of food security, loss of housing, and substance use cessation, are associated with change in domestic violence (DV) perpetration from early to later adulthood. Using 2015 to 2016 cross-sectional, self-report survey data from Medicaid enrollees in Oregon (N = 1620), we assessed change in DV perpetration from early adulthood (19-30 years) to later adulthood (≥ 31 years of age), cut points determined by existing survey questions. Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the association between life experiences and physical DV perpetration using odds ratios (OR), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, DV victimization, and childhood abuse, bullying, and social support. FINDINGS Of the 20% of participants who perpetrated DV, 36% perpetrated DV in both early and later adulthood (persisters), 42% discontinued (desisters) and 22% began (late-onsetters) perpetration in later adulthood. Loss of support and loss of food security were both associated with change in DV perpetration (i.e., desistance or late onset of perpetration or both). Loss of support was associated with 9.5 times higher odds of being a desister (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 84.1) and 54.2 times higher odds of being a late-onsetter (OR = 54.2, 95% CI = 6.5, 450.8) of DV perpetration compared to persisters. Loss of food security was associated with 10.3 times higher odds of being a late-onsetter (OR = 10.3, 95% CI = 1.9, 55.4) of DV perpetration compared to persisters. In addition, substance use cessation was associated with 10.3 times higher odds of being a desister (OR = 10.3, 95% CI = 1.9, 56.2) compared to persisters. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that specific life experiences in adulthood, including loss of support, loss of food security, and substance use cessation, are associated with changes in DV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanti Adhia
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Box 359960, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Vivian H Lyons
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Box 359960, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hannah Cohen-Cline
- Center for Outcomes Research and Education, Providence Health & Services, 5251 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Box 359960, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Health Sciences Building, Box 357236, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Is All Dating Violence Equal? Gender and Severity Differences in Predictors of Perpetration. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10070118. [PMID: 32698435 PMCID: PMC7407285 DOI: 10.3390/bs10070118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assesses the extent of perpetration of physical violence in predominately Hispanic high school students in the Rio Grande Valley, Texas. The relationship between adverse childhood experiences, exposure to interparental violence, attachment, emotion regulation, and impulsivity on two distinct, mutually exclusive, categories of severity of physical teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration is further explored. Participants completed self-report measures as part of a larger, anonymous web-based questionnaire. Two categories (i.e., minor/moderate and severe) were created to discern the contextual variables associated with different levels of severity of physical violence perpetration by males and females. Eight-hundred and twenty-nine 14- to 18-year-old adolescents from four different high schools participated in the study, of whom 407 reported having been in a dating relationship in the last 12 months. The results demonstrate that when only the most severe item of TDV is taken into consideration, the rates of violence perpetration by males and females are almost equal and remarkably lower than those reported in the literature. However, when the assessment includes minor/moderate levels of violence, such as pushing, the rates of violence perpetration by females are twice those of males and are consistent with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, different variables are associated with different levels of severity of violence perpetration. The results support approaches that emphasize the need to take the context of the violence into consideration, since all levels are not equal. The need to take the severity of violence into account in studies assessing dating violence is highlighted.
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Mariscal TL, Hughes CML, Modrek S. Changes in Incidents and Payment Methods for Intimate Partner Violence Related Injuries in Women Residing in the United States, 2002 to 2015. Womens Health Issues 2020; 30:338-344. [PMID: 32611507 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence in interpersonal relationships is a substantial health and social problem in the United States and is associated with a myriad of immediate and long-term physical, behavioral, and neurocognitive impairments. The present study sought to determine the incidence of U.S. emergency department (ED)-attended intimate partner violence (IPV) from 2002 to 2015 and examine the differences in payment sources before and after implementation of the Affordable Care Act. METHODS We analyzed ED visits among female patients aged 15 years or older between 2002 and 2015 from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Using International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes from patient visit records, we classified each ED visit to determine the frequency and estimate the relative proportion and national frequency of IPV visits. We explored bivariate and multivariate associations between IPV-related injuries with age, race, ethnicity, method of payment, and region, noting changes over time. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2015, female patients visited EDs an estimated 2,576,417 times for IPV-related events, and the proportion of ED visits for IPV increased during that time period. The percentage of ED visits for IPV-related events did not differ significantly by region, race, or ethnicity. Compared with women 25-44 years of age, women aged 65 to 74 (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.43; p < .001) and 75 years and older (odds ratio, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.53; p = .001) were less likely to visit an ED for IPV. Women were more likely to pay for IPV-related services out-of-pocket (i.e., self-pay) (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-277; p = .003) before the enactment of the Affordable Care Act. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the percentage of IPV-related ED claims paid by private insurance suggests that the Affordable Care Act may have increased women's willingness and ability to seek medical attention for IPV-related injuries and disclose IPV as the source of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Mariscal
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California.
| | - Charmayne M L Hughes
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Sepideh Modrek
- Health Equity Institute, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California; Department of Economics, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
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Hagan MJ, Waters SF, Holley S, Moctezuma L, Gentry M. The interactive effect of family conflict history and physiological reactivity on different forms of aggression in young women. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107888. [PMID: 32335128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that patterns of biological reactivity underlie different forms of aggression, but greater precision is needed in research targeting biopsychosocial processes that underlie such differences. This study investigated how sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (SNS and PNS) responses to social stress were associated with multiple forms of aggression in an ethnically-diverse sample of young adult females; it further examined whether early life exposure to family conflict moderated these relationships. In the context of high levels of family conflict history, greater SNS activation during a social conflict task was associated with more direct proactive aggression and increasing RSA was associated with more direct reactive aggression. Greater SNS activation during the task was associated with more direct reactive aggression regardless of family conflict history. Our findings affirm the need to capture the contributions of multiple physiological systems simultaneously and the importance of considering family history in the study of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Hagan
- San Francisco State University, United States; University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Sara F Waters
- Washington State University, Vancouver, United States
| | - Sarah Holley
- San Francisco State University, United States; University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Miya Gentry
- San Francisco State University, United States
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Pre-marital predictors of marital violence in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:393-405. [PMID: 30993376 PMCID: PMC7410347 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem. Existing research has focused on reports from victims and few studies have considered pre-marital factors. The main objective of this study was to identify pre-marital predictors of IPV in the current marriage using information obtained from husbands and wives. METHODS Data from were obtained from married heterosexual couples in six countries. Potential predictors included demographic and relationship characteristics, adverse childhood experiences, dating violence, and psychiatric disorders. Reports of IPV and other characteristics from husbands and wives were considered independently and in relation to spousal reports. RESULTS Overall, 14.4% of women were victims of IPV in the current marriage. Analyses identified ten significant variables including age at first marriage (husband), education, relative number of previous marriages (wife), history of one or more categories of childhood adversity (husband or wife), history of dating violence (husband or wife), early initiation of sexual intercourse (husband or wife), and four combinations of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The final model was moderately predictive of marital violence, with the 5% of women accounting for 18.6% of all cases of marital IPV. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study advance understanding of pre-marital predictors of IPV within current marriages, including the importance of considering differences in the experiences of partners prior to marriage and may provide a foundation for more targeted primary prevention efforts.
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Ferraresso R. Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence in a Nationally Representative Sample of Korean Men. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:135-142. [PMID: 32268468 PMCID: PMC7142011 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.19.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In recent years, multiple studies have investigated the issue of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Korea. However, most of those studies have focused on IPV against women, while overlooking the problem of men IPV victimization. Considering this, the current study identified risk and protective factors for IPV and examined their influence on IPV victimization among Korean men. METHODS We used a nationally representative sample of 1668 Korean men from the 2013 Korea National Survey on Domestic Violence. The associations between potential IPV risk factors and different types of IPV were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Specifically, separate analyses were conducted of 5 types of IPV (neglect, controlling behaviors, emotional violence, economic violence, and physical violence). RESULTS The prevalence of IPV among Korean men and women showed only marginal gender differences. Controlling behaviors (men, 23.3%; women, 23.9%) and emotional violence (men, 16.5%; women, 18.8%) were the most common types of IPV reported, followed by neglect (men, 11.2%; women, 11.7%). Separate logistic regression analyses for the 5 subtypes of IPV revealed that mutual IPV was a strong predictor of IPV. Men who abused their wives were more likely to experience neglect (odds ratio [OR], 29.24; p<0.01), controlling behaviors (OR, 36.61; p<0.01), emotional violence (OR, 58.07; p<0.01), economic violence (OR, 18.78; p<0.01), and physical violence (OR, 38.09; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that IPV intervention strategies should particularly focus on couples whose relationship is characterized by patterns of bidirectional violence.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychiatric disorders are often considered the leading cause of violence. This may be due to a stereotype created by media and general opinion. METHOD The Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) was used to evaluate the severity of aggressive and violent behaviors in 400 patients who attended a post-acute psychiatric service in Milan from 2014 to 2016 and suffered from different psychiatric disorders. The psychopathological clinical picture was evaluated by Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The study also assessed the possible correlation between epidemiologic and sociodemographic factors, clinical variables, and aggression and violence. RESULTS Of the total number of subjects, 21.50% showed a MOAS score >0, 11.50% presented mild aggression (0-10 MOAS weighted score), 9% moderate aggression (11-20), and 1% severe aggression (MOAS >20). With respect to violent behaviors, 16% of patients showed a score >0 in one MOAS subscale other than verbal aggression according to violence definition. The severity of clinical picture seemed to be related to higher weighted MOAS score. Multivariate testing of different sociodemographic and clinical variables showed that violence was related to unemployment status, and significantly correlated to compulsory admission (TSO), suicide attempts (TS), and personality disorders, while the severity of clinical psychiatric picture seemed to play a secondary role. CONCLUSION Results have shown that personality disorders and sociodemographic factors, including economic factors, seem to be major determinants of violence among patients diagnosed with mental disorders.
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Shamu S, Shamu P, Machisa M. Factors associated with past year physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women in Zimbabwe: results from a national cluster-based cross-sectional survey. Glob Health Action 2019; 11:1625594. [PMID: 31232228 PMCID: PMC6598507 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2019.1625594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women continues to be a public health burden globally. Objectives: To assess prevalence and factors associated with women’s experiences of past 12 months physical/sexual IPV Methods: A two-stage cluster-based national cross-sectional survey in which women were randomly selected for participation was conducted among 5295 women aged 15–49 years. IPV in the last 12 months was assessed using the WHO interviewer-administered questionnaire for measuring violence against women. Participants’ wife beating attitudes, partner controlling behaviours, household decision-making, STI history, HIV status and demographic characteristics were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess factors associated with IPV. Results: Of the 5292 women interviewed, mean age was 31.5 years and 84.7% were married. Over one-fifth of the women (20.2: 95%CI 19.1–21.3) were physically/sexually abused in the last 12 months. IPV was associated with gender inequitable norms and practices which include lacking household decision-making power (aOR 2.05, 1.71–2.47), experiencing low (aOR 2.05; 1.71–2.47) or high (aOR 4.5; 3.62–5.60) partner controlling behaviours (vs none) and endorsing low (aOR 1.29) or high (aOR 1.36) wife beating attitudes (vs none), having sexual self-efficacy (aOR 1.19; 1.10–1.41), experiencing emotional abuse (aOR 4.50; 3.62–5.60) and having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) (aOR 1.36, 1.04–1.77). IPV was also associated with women’s empowerment factors including possessing household assets (aOR 1.26, 1.03–1.54) and reporting current media usage (aOR 1.29; 1.04–1.61). Demographic factors associated with IPV were age and number of children. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that IPV is a significant public health and societal problem as one in five women were abused in the past year. Younger women, less empowered women, women in inequitable intimate relationships and women endorsing traditional gender norms were at increased risk of abuse. IPV prevention programmes must prioritise transforming traditional gender norms and women’s economic empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simukai Shamu
- a Health Systems Strengthening Division , Foundation for Professional Development , Pretoria , South Africa.,b School of Public Health , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Patience Shamu
- c School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Mercilene Machisa
- b School of Public Health , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa.,d Gender and Health Division , South African Medical Research Council , Pretoria , South Africa
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Copp JE, Giordano PC, Manning WD, Longmore MA. Neighborhood Norms, Disadvantage, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration. SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM (RANDOLPH, N.J.) 2019; 34:594-615. [PMID: 34658505 PMCID: PMC8519407 DOI: 10.1111/socf.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most theoretical treatments of intimate partner violence (IPV) focus on individual-level processes. More recently, scholars have begun to examine the role of macrolevel factors. Results of that research indicate that social ties facilitate the diffusion of cultural norms-including tolerance of deviance/violence-across neighborhoods. Yet the influence of the neighborhood normative climate extends beyond norms regarding the use of violence, shaping cultural understanding about dating and the opposite sex. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), the current investigation examines the multilevel association between dating norms and IPV perpetration among a large, diverse sample of adolescents and young adults. Results indicate that individuals' liberal dating attitudes are associated with IPV perpetration. Furthermore, this effect varies across levels of neighborhood disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Copp
- College of Criminology & Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Eppes Hall, Tallahassee, Florida 32309
| | - Peggy C Giordano
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Williams Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43406
| | - Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Williams Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43406
| | - Monica A Longmore
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Williams Halls, Bowling Green, Ohio43406
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Mengo C, Gidycz C. When Abused Women Decide to Seek Help From a Victims Assistance Program: Their Perceived Needs and Self-Reported Mental Health Symptoms. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:613-634. [PMID: 31416970 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the nature of perceived needs of women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) and their association with social demographic characteristics and self-reported mental health symptoms. The study uses data from case records of women victims of IPV (n = 154) seeking help from a victim assistance program housed within city police station located in the southwest, United States. The majority of the women in this study reported needs related to counseling, protection orders, Crime Victims' Compensation Rights, legal services, and Temporary Aid for Needy Families. Findings also indicate that perceived needs of women were significantly associated with self-reported mental health symptoms. Some needs had a stronger relationship to women's mental health symptoms than others. Overall these findings suggest that it is imperative to emphasize responses that can address all the needs of women (in addition to stopping IPV) to reduce mental health symptoms.
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Whitton SW, Dyar C, Mustanski B, Newcomb ME. Intimate Partner Violence Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents and Young Adults Assigned Female at Birth. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2019; 43:232-249. [PMID: 31649417 PMCID: PMC6812525 DOI: 10.1177/0361684319838972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual and gender minority youth, especially those assigned female at birth, are at risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) due to minority stressors. With a sample of 352 sexual and gender minority youth assigned female at birth (age 16-32), we aimed to describe IPV in this population, including the prevalence, directionality, frequency, co-occurrence, and demographic correlates of various IPV types. Rates of past-6-month IPV were high, with victimization and perpetration of minor psychological IPV most common (64-70%); followed by severe psychological, minor physical, and coercive control (20-33%); and severe physical and sexual IPV (10-15%). For cyber abuse and IPV tactics leveraging anti-sexual minority stigma, victimization (12.5% and 15%, respectively) was more common than perpetration (8% and 6%, respectively). Most IPV was bidirectional and occurred 1-2 times in 6 months, although frequency varied considerably. Latent class analyses revealed that half of participants reported no or minimal IPV; one-third experienced multiple forms of psychological IPV (including coercive control); and 10-15% reported psychological, physical, sexual, and cyber abuse. Racial minority youth had higher rates of most IPV types than White participants. We hope study findings will inform policies and interventions to prevent IPV among gender and sexual minority youth assigned female at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Dyar
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Brian Mustanski
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Michael E Newcomb
- Institute for Sexual and Gender Minority Health and Wellbeing, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
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Neppl TK, Lohman BJ, Senia JM, Kavanaugh S, Cui M. Intergenerational Continuity of Psychological Violence: Intimate Partner Relationships and Harsh Parenting. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE 2019; 9:298-307. [PMID: 31544008 PMCID: PMC6754102 DOI: 10.1037/vio0000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective, longitudinal investigation examined psychological violence across generations. We examined how parent psychological violence experienced during adolescence influenced the stability of one's own intimate partner psychological violence perpetration across time and how psychological violence is related to harsh parenting in adulthood. METHOD Data came from 193 parents and their adolescent who participated from adolescence through adulthood. Parental psychological violence was assessed in early adolescence. Partner violence was assessed in late adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Harsh parenting to their offspring was assessed in adulthood. RESULTS Parent psychological violence in early adolescence was associated with one's own intimate partner psychological violence in late adolescence. Partner psychological violence was stable from emerging adulthood to adulthood. Moreover, parental violence was also related to their own harsh parenting in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that children exposed to parental psychological violence during adolescence may have greater difficulty developing acceptable behaviors in their own romantic relationships over time, as well as parenting their own child in adulthood. Findings highlight the importance for clinicians and policy makers to develop and utilize effective educational and preventive interventions designed toward not only adolescent behaviors, but also that of the parent. Understanding how the family environment impacts current and long-term functioning is important in helping stop the cycle of violence across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia K. Neppl
- Assistant Professor, Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 4389 Palmer Suite 2358, Ames, IA 50011; phone: 515-294-8502
| | - Brenda J. Lohman
- Professor, Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 4389 Palmer Suite 2356, Ames, IA 50011; phone: 515-294-6230
| | - Jennifer M. Senia
- Post-Doctoral Student, Dept. of Psychology, Texas A&M University,, 4235 TAMU Psychology Building, College Station, TX, 77843; phone: 979-845-2581
| | - Shane Kavanaugh
- Doctoral Student, Dept. of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, 86 LeBaron, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Ming Cui
- Associate Professor, Dept. of Family and Child Sciences, Florida State University, 216 Sandels Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306; phone: 850-644-3217
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Whitton SW, Newcomb ME, Messinger AM, Byck G, Mustanski B. A Longitudinal Study of IPV Victimization Among Sexual Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2019; 34:912-945. [PMID: 27147275 PMCID: PMC6538483 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516646093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Although intimate partner violence (IPV) is highly prevalent among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth, little is known regarding its developmental patterns, risk factors, or health-related consequences. We examined IPV victimization in an ethnically diverse community-based convenience sample of 248 LGBT youth (aged 16-20 at study outset) who provided six waves of data across a 5-year period. Results from multilevel models indicated high, stable rates of IPV victimization across this developmental period (ages 16-25 years) that differed between demographic groups. Overall, 45.2% of LGBT youth were physically abused and 16.9% were sexually victimized by a dating partner during the study. Odds of physical victimization were 76% higher for female than for male LGBT youth, 2.46 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, and 2 to 4 times higher for racial-ethnic minorities than for White youth. The prevalence of physical IPV declined with age for White youth but remained stable for racial-ethnic minorities. Odds of sexual victimization were 3.42 times higher for transgender than for cisgender youth, 75% higher for bisexual or questioning than for gay or lesbian youth, and increased more with age for male than female participants. Within-person analyses indicated that odds of physical IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners, more marijuana use, and lower social support; odds of sexual IPV were higher at times when youth reported more sexual partners and more LGBT-related victimization. In prospective analyses, sexual IPV predicted increased psychological distress; both IPV types marginally predicted increased marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gayle Byck
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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[Psychological violence against women: What factors increase the risk of this kind of intimate partner abuse?]. Salud Colect 2018; 13:611-632. [PMID: 29340442 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2017.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using data from Argentina's National Study on Violence Against Women [Estudio nacional sobre violencias contra las mujeres] carried out in 2015, the article identifies the risk factors that increase women's vulnerability to psychological abuse. Findings show that women who are more prone to be victims of this kind of partner violence are those who are less educated, older, do not earn a wage for their work, live with children at home, are involved in less "formal" long-term relationships, as well as those whose male partners have a lower educational level than their own and/or have alcohol problems and/or were victims or witnesses of violence during their childhood. The article suggests possible intervention strategies to eradicate abuse, which should be primarily targeted at empowering women and strengthening their independence from their partners.
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Merchant LV, Whiting JB. A Grounded Theory Study of How Couples Desist from Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2018; 44:590-605. [PMID: 29194695 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is a common and damaging experience for many couples, and therapists struggle to address it adequately (Johnson, 2008). Despite its negative effects, many violent couples stay together, with some stopping their violent behaviors. Unfortunately, we know little about the systemic factors affecting violence desistance. This study used grounded theory methods to analyze the process of desistance in formerly violent couples. A model of desistance consisting of three categories was developed, which for most couples included a (a) Turning Point, (b) Decision to Change, and (c) Doing Things Differently. Therapists are encouraged to use the model to better understand the varied and systemic nature of violence and desistance, and to make more sophisticated decisions about referral and treatment.
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Yakubovich AR, Stöckl H, Murray J, Melendez-Torres GJ, Steinert JI, Glavin CEY, Humphreys DK. Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Prospective-Longitudinal Studies. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:e1-e11. [PMID: 29771615 PMCID: PMC5993370 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The estimated lifetime prevalence of physical or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) is 30% among women worldwide. Understanding risk and protective factors is essential for designing effective prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES To quantify the associations between prospective-longitudinal risk and protective factors and IPV and identify evidence gaps. SEARCH METHODS We conducted systematic searches in 16 databases including MEDLINE and PsycINFO from inception to June 2016. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016039213). SELECTION CRITERIA We included published and unpublished studies available in English that prospectively analyzed any risk or protective factor(s) for self-reported IPV victimization among women and controlled for at least 1 other variable. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three reviewers were involved in study screening. One reviewer extracted estimates of association and study characteristics from each study and 2 reviewers independently checked a random subset of extractions. We assessed study quality with the Cambridge Quality Checklists. When studies investigated the same risk or protective factor using similar measures, we computed pooled odds ratios (ORs) by using random-effects meta-analyses. We summarized heterogeneity with I2 and τ2. We synthesized all estimates of association, including those not meta-analyzed, by using harvest plots to illustrate evidence gaps and trends toward negative or positive associations. MAIN RESULTS Of 18 608 studies identified, 60 were included and 35 meta-analyzed. Most studies were based in the United States. The strongest evidence for modifiable risk factors for IPV against women were unplanned pregnancy (OR = 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 1.31) and having parents with less than a high-school education (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.10, 2.17). Being older (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.93, 0.98) or married (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.87, 0.99) were protective. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first systematic, meta-analytic review of all risk and protective factors for IPV against women without location, time, or publication restrictions. Unplanned pregnancy and having parents with less than a high-school education, which may indicate lower socioeconomic status, were shown to be risk factors, and being older or married were protective. However, no prospective-longitudinal study investigated the associations between IPV against women and any community or structural factor outside the United States, and more studies investigated risk factors related to women as opposed to their partners. Public health implications. This review highlights that prospective evidence for perpetrator- and context-related risk and protective factors for women's experiences of IPV outside of the United States is lacking and urgently needed to inform global policy recommendations. The current evidence base of prospective studies suggests that, at least in the United States, education and sexual health interventions may be effective targets for preventing IPV against women, with young, unmarried women at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Yakubovich
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - Joseph Murray
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - G J Melendez-Torres
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - Janina I Steinert
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - Calla E Y Glavin
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
| | - David K Humphreys
- Alexa R. Yakubovich, Janina I. Steinert, and Calla E. Y. Glavin are with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Heidi Stöckl is with the Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. Joseph Murray is with the Center for Epidemiological Research, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. G. J. Melendez-Torres is with the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. David K. Humphreys is with the Department of Social Policy and Intervention and Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
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Suarez NA, Mimiaga MJ, Garofalo R, Brown E, Bratcher AM, Wimbly T, Hidalgo MA, Hoehnle S, Thai J, Kahle E, Sullivan PS, Stephenson R. Dyadic Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence Among Male Couples in Three U.S. Cities. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1039-1047. [PMID: 29749299 PMCID: PMC6131425 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318774243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent and pressing public health concern
that affects people of all gender and sexual identities. Though studies have
identified that male couples may experience IPV at rates as high as or higher
than women in heterosexual partnerships, the body of literature addressing this
population is still nascent. This study recruited 160 male–male couples in
Atlanta, Boston, and Chicago to independently complete individual surveys
measuring demographic information, partner violence experience and perpetration,
and individual and relationship characteristics that may shape the experience of
violence. Forty-six percent of respondents reported experiencing IPV in the past
year. Internalized homophobia significantly increased the risk for reporting
experiencing, perpetrating, or both for any type of IPV. This study is the first
to independently gather data on IPV from both members of male dyads and
indicates an association between internalized homophobia and risk for IPV among
male couples. The results highlight the unique experiences of IPV in male–male
couples and call for further research and programmatic attention to address the
exorbitant levels of IPV experienced within some of these partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Suarez
- 1 Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,2 Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew J Mimiaga
- 3 Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,4 Departments of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,5 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,6 The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Garofalo
- 7 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,8 Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Brown
- 6 The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Marie Bratcher
- 9 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Taylor Wimbly
- 9 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marco A Hidalgo
- 10 Center for Trans Youth Health and Development, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,11 Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Hoehnle
- 7 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,8 Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennie Thai
- 7 Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Kahle
- 2 Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,12 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patrick S Sullivan
- 9 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rob Stephenson
- 2 Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,12 Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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41
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Willie TC, Khondkaryan E, Callands T, Kershaw T. "Think Like a Man": How Sexual Cultural Scripting and Masculinity Influence Changes in Men's Use of Intimate Partner Violence. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 61:240-250. [PMID: 29377159 PMCID: PMC5837937 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to (a) explore the relationship between sexual cultural scripting and traditional masculine norms on changes in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, and (b) examine traditional masculine norms as an effect modifier among young heterosexual men. This study is a secondary data analysis of a prospective cohort study of 119 young heterosexual men who were followed for 6 months. The adjusted logistic regression results revealed that sexual cultural scripting norms were associated with an increased odds of emotional IPV perpetration and traditional masculine norms were associated with an increased odds of physical IPV perpetration in the past 6 months. There were no significant interaction effects between sexual cultural scripting and traditional masculine norms on IPV perpetration. These findings suggest that socially constructed norms and beliefs surrounding masculinity, femininity, and how women and men interact in sexual relationships are important constructs for understanding the etiology of young men's use of violence against a female partner. While primary IPV interventions targeting young men do address masculinity, sexual cultural scripting is an additional concept that should also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiara C Willie
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Tamora Callands
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Trace Kershaw
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, New Haven, CT, USA
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Intergenerational transmission of violence: The mediating role of adolescent psychopathology symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 31:233-245. [PMID: 29233201 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Evidence on the intergenerational continuity of intimate partner violence (IPV) suggests small to moderate associations between childhood exposure and young adult IPV involvement, suggesting an indirect effects model. Yet, few prospective studies have formally tested meditational mechanisms. The current study tested a prospective (over 9 years) moderated-mediational model in which adolescent psychopathology symptoms (i.e., internalizing, externalizing, and combined) mediated the association between exposure to IPV in middle childhood and young adult IPV perpetration. In a more novel contribution, we controlled for proximal young adult partner and relationship characteristics. The sample consisted of n = 205 participants, who were, on average, assessed for exposure to parent IPV at age 12.30 years, adolescent psychopathology symptoms at age 15.77 years, and young adult IPV at 21.30 years of age. Data suggest a small, significant direct path from IPV exposure to young adult perpetration, mediated only through adolescent externalizing. Gender moderation analyses reveal differences in sensitivity to exposure across developmental periods; for males, effects of exposure were intensified during the transition to adolescence, whereas for females, effects were amplified during the transition to adulthood. In both cases, the mediational role of psychopathology symptoms was no longer significant once partner antisocial behavior was modeled. Findings have important implications for both theory and timing of risk conveyance.
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43
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Reproductive Coercion in High School-Aged Girls: Associations with Reproductive Health Risk and Intimate Partner Violence. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2017; 30:603-608. [PMID: 28668360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of reproductive coercion, a form of intimate partner violence (IPV) including contraceptive sabotage and pregnancy pressure, among urban high school-aged girls and to examine its associations with reproductive health risks. DESIGN AND SETTING A self-administered survey completed by high school-aged girls living in high-poverty neighborhoods while awaiting medical care in a pediatric emergency room, inpatient service, school-based, and hospital-based clinic. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-nine sexually active girls aged 14-17 years. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To determine the prevalence of reproductive coercion and to examine associations with unprotected sex, sexually transmitted infections, physical IPV, and risk factors for abusive relationships. RESULTS Twenty-nine of 149 (19%) of girls reported reproductive coercion, most frequently that a romantic or sexual partner had ever: "told them not to use any birth control" (n = 23; 79%); "took off a condom during sex so they would get pregnant" (n = 12; 43%); and "said he would leave them if they didn't get pregnant" (n = 6; 21%). Girls reporting reproductive coercion were nearly 3 times more likely than those not coerced to have had chlamydia (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.19) and nearly 5 times more likely to report IPV (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.0-11.8). In addition, girls reporting coercion were less likely to have high recognition of abusive behaviors (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.8) and less likely to have high comfort communicating with their sexual partners (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7) than girls not reporting coercion. CONCLUSION Reproductive coercion is experienced by 1 in 5 high school-aged girls in a high-poverty community and is associated with chlamydia infection and IPV. Awareness of the high prevalence and health risks of coercion might allow for intervention.
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Nowlan KM, Georgia EJ, Doss BD. Long-Term Effectiveness of Treatment-as-Usual Couple Therapy for Military Veterans. Behav Ther 2017; 48:847-859. [PMID: 29029680 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that veterans face increased psychological and relationship distress as a result of their service-related experiences, no study to date has explored the long-term effectiveness of couple therapy for veterans. In the present investigation, 238 individuals (113 couples and 12 additional individuals) completed assessments 18 months after termination of treatment-as-usual couple therapy at two Veteran Administration Medical Centers. From pretreatment to 18-month follow-up, couples experienced significant increases in relationship satisfaction (d = 0.59) and significant decreases in both psychological distress (d = -0.31) and presence of intimate partner violence (d = -0.47). Overall, pretreatment demographic, psychological, and relationship characteristics did not significantly moderate maintenance of gains across 18 months. However, African American individuals (d = -0.58) and individuals not reporting intimate partner violence at pretreatment (d = -0.46) experienced smaller improvements in relationship satisfaction through 18-month follow-up. Further, older participants showed smaller reductions in psychological symptoms 18 months after treatment (d = 0.16). Thus, for many veterans and their spouses, treatment-as-usual couple therapy is effective at intervening in psychological and relationship distress long-term. Moreover, the long-term effectiveness of couple therapy with veterans appears to generalize across many demographic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal factors.
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45
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Copp JE, Giordano PC, Manning WD, Longmore MA. Gender Mistrust and Intimate Partner Violence During Adolescence and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2017; 38:2047-2079. [PMID: 30581245 PMCID: PMC6300061 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x16686133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated that gender mistrust influences the formation and stability of intimate relationships. However, several scholars have noted that individuals form unions despite high levels of mistrust. Yet limited work has examined the implications of gender mistrust for relationship quality, including the experience of intimate partner violence. Furthermore, few quantitative studies have examined correlates of gender mistrust, particularly with regard to identifying factors associated with changes in feelings of mistrust over time. Using the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, we examined longitudinal predictors of gender mistrust among a sample of adolescents and young adults (n = 4,466 observations) and found that although parents' gender mistrust and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with initial levels of mistrust, individuals' own relationship experiences further shaped trajectories of gender mistrust over time. Additionally, feelings of mistrust corresponded to heightened odds of intimate partner violence perpetration, and this association appeared especially salient for women.
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46
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Goodnight JA, Bates JE, Holtzworth-Munroe A, Pettit GS, Ballard RH, Iskander JM, Swanson A, Dodge KA, Lansford JE. Dispositional, demographic, and social predictors of trajectories of intimate partner aggression in early adulthood. J Consult Clin Psychol 2017; 85:950-965. [PMID: 28703604 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE From a developmental systems perspective, the origins of maladjusted behavior are multifaceted, interdependent, and may differ at different points in development. Personality traits influence developmental outcomes, as do socialization environments, but the influence of personality depends on the socialization environment, and the influence of the socialization environment varies according to personality. The present study takes a developmental systems approach to investigate pathways through which dispositional traits in childhood might act in concert with peer and parental socialization contexts to predict trajectories of intimate partner aggression (IPA) during emerging adulthood. METHOD The study included 466 participants (49% male, 81% European American, 15% African American) from a longitudinal study of social development. Measures of demographics, temperament, personality, parent-child relations, romantic relationships, peer relationships, and IPA were administered between 5 and 23 years of age. The study used latent growth curve analysis to predict variations in trajectories of IPA during early adulthood. RESULTS Numerous variables predicted risk for the perpetration of IPA, but different factors were associated at the end of adolescence (e.g., psychopathic traits) than with changes across early adulthood (e.g., friend antisociality). Males and individuals with a history of resistance to control temperament showed enhanced susceptibility to social risk factors, such as exposure to antisocial peers and poor parent-adolescent relations. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with a developmental systems perspective, multiple factors, including personality traits in early childhood and aspects of the social environment in adolescence, predict trajectories of IPA during early adulthood through additive, mediated, and moderated pathways. Knowledge of these risk factors and for whom they are most influential could help inform efforts to prevent the emergence and persistence of IPA. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Bates
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | | | - Gregory S Pettit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University
| | - Robin H Ballard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
| | | | - Anna Swanson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University
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47
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Teitelman AM, Bellamy SL, Jemmott JB, Icard L, O'Leary A, Ali S, Ngwane Z, Makiwane M. Childhood Sexual Abuse and Sociodemographic Factors Prospectively Associated with Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among South African Heterosexual Men. Ann Behav Med 2017; 51:170-178. [PMID: 27844325 PMCID: PMC6200456 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence directed at women by men continues to be a global concern. However, little is known about the factors associated with perpetrating intimate partner violence among heterosexual men. PURPOSE History of childhood sexual abuse and other sociodemographic variables were examined as potential factors associated with severe intimate partner violence perpetration toward women in a sample of heterosexual men in South Africa. METHODS Longitudinal logistic generalized estimating equations examined associations of childhood sexual abuse and sociodemographic variables at baseline with intimate partner violence perpetration at subsequent time points. RESULTS Among participants with a steady female partner, 21.81 % (190/ 871) reported perpetrating intimate partner violence in the past year at baseline. Having a history of childhood sexual abuse (p < .001), binge drinking (p = .002), being employed (p = .050), and more difficulty controlling sexual impulses in order to use a condom (p = .006) at baseline were associated with self-reported intimate partner violence perpetration in the past year at subsequent time points. CONCLUSIONS With high levels of recent severe physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence perpetration in South Africa, comprehensive interventions are urgently needed. To more fully address gender-based violence, it is important to address associated factors, including exposure to childhood sexual abuse that could impact behavior later in life and that have long-lasting and deleterious effects on men and their female partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Teitelman
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Fagin Hall, 2L (rm. 223), 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA.
- University of Pennsylvania, Fagin Hall, 2L (rm. 223), 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4217, USA.
| | - Scarlett L Bellamy
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market Street, Room 555, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John B Jemmott
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Larry Icard
- School of Social Work, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann O'Leary
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samira Ali
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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48
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Lewis JB, Sullivan TP, Angley M, Callands T, Divney AA, Magriples U, Gordon DM, Kershaw TS. Psychological and relational correlates of intimate partner violence profiles among pregnant adolescent couples. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:26-36. [PMID: 27135634 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify relationship and individual psychological factors that related to four profiles of intimate partner violence (IPV) among pregnant adolescent couples: no IPV, male IPV victim only, female IPV victim only, mutual IPV, and how associations differ by sex. Using data from a longitudinal study of pregnant adolescents and partners (n = 291 couples), we used a multivariate profile analysis using multivariate analysis of covariance with between and within-subjects effects to compare IPV groups and sex on relationship and psychological factors. Analyses were conducted at the couple level, with IPV groups as a between-subjects couple level variable and sex as a within-subjects variable that allowed us to model and compare the outcomes of both partners while controlling for the correlated nature of the data. Analyses controlled for age, race, income, relationship duration, and gestational age. Among couples, 64% had no IPV; 23% male IPV victim only; 7% mutual IPV; 5% female IPV victim only. Relationship (F = 3.61, P < .001) and psychological (F = 3.17, P < .001) factors differed by IPV group, overall. Attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, relationship equity, perceived partner infidelity, depression, stress, and hostility each differed by IPV profile (all P < .01). Attachment anxiety, equity, depression and stress had a significant IPV profile by sex interaction (all P < .05). Couples with mutual IPV had the least healthy relationship and psychological characteristics; couples with no IPV had the healthiest characteristics. Females in mutually violent relationships were at particularly high risk. Couple-level interventions focused on relational issues might protect young families from developing IPV behaviors. Aggr. Behav. 43:26-36, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tami P. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | | | | | | | - Urania Magriples
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
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Capaldi DM, Kerr DCR, Eddy JM, Tiberio SS. Understanding Persistence and Desistance in Crime and Risk Behaviors in Adulthood: Implications for Theory and Prevention. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:785-93. [PMID: 26454855 PMCID: PMC4826854 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-015-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical advances related to the development and course, including persistence and desistance, of antisocial behaviors and conduct problems, violent behaviors, and related problem behaviors are discussed. Integrative theoretical models, including the Dynamic Developmental Systems (DDS), are discussed. Aspects of the DDS model regarding the development of and change in antisocial behavior and violence across adolescence and early adulthood are illustrated with findings from the Oregon Youth Study, an ongoing, long-term examination of the causes and consequences of antisocial behavior for a community-based sample of men (and their romantic partners) who were raised in neighborhoods with high delinquency rates. Preventive implications of the model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Capaldi
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA.
| | - David C R Kerr
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
- School of Psychological Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - J Mark Eddy
- Partners for Our Children, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacey S Tiberio
- Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
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50
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Negash S, Cravens JD, Brown PC, Fincham FD. Relationship Dissolution and Psychologically Aggressive Dating Relationships: Preliminary Findings From a College-Based Relationship Education Course. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2016; 31:921-937. [PMID: 27523743 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a relationship education program, delivered as part of a college course, among students (N = 152) who reported experiencing psychological aggression in their exclusive dating relationship. Preliminary results showed that compared to those in the control group, participants receiving relationship education were significantly more likely to end their romantic relationship, even after controlling for relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, when relationship termination occurred, those in the intervention group were significantly more likely to attribute the breakup to their participation in the class as compared to those in the control group. The tentative findings are an important preliminary step in assessing the benefits of relationship education in reducing the risk of psychological aggression among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesen Negash
- Alliant International University, San Diego, California, USA
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