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Aslany N, Vahedpour Z, Rahimi H, Masjedi M, Motedayyen H. Effects of melatonin on disease improvement and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:382-394. [PMID: 38910356 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2371583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial hyperplasia (EH), an abnormal proliferation of the endometrial cells, is considered as one of the most common causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Previous studies have reported that melatonin plays a fundamental role in disease treatment. This study aimed the comparison of the effects of progesterone, as the most common therapeutic approach, and melatonin with progesterone alone in improvement of non-atypical endometrial hyperplasia (NEH) and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. METHODS Study population consisted of 40 patients with NEH. Patients were divided into two groups, including 20 subjects treated with melatonin and progesterone and 20 individuals treated with progesterone alone. The blood and endometrial sampling was performed from participants before and after a three-month treatment. The histological examination was microscopically done. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured using ELISA. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the diabetes status and mean age between patients treated with progesterone and melatonin and those treated with progesterone alone. The improvement rate in the EH was significantly higher in individuals treated with progesterone and melatonin than those treated with progesterone alone (p < 0.05). Additionally, the patients treated with progesterone and melatonin showed significant increases inIFN-γ and TNF-αlevels compared to the control group (p < 0.001-P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Melatonin supplementation has a beneficial effect in the treatment of EH due perhaps to enhance the level of IFN-γ and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Aslany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahedpour
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Habibollah Rahimi
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Masjedi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Motedayyen
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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2
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Mendes L, Queiroz M, Sena CM. Melatonin and Vascular Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:747. [PMID: 38929187 PMCID: PMC11200504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The indolamine hormone melatonin, also known as N-acetyl-5-methoxytrypamine, is frequently associated with circadian rhythm regulation. Light can suppress melatonin secretion, and photoperiod regulates melatonin levels by promoting its production and secretion at night in response to darkness. This hormone is becoming more and more understood for its functions as an immune-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant hormone. Melatonin may have a major effect on several diabetes-related disturbances, such as hormonal imbalances, oxidative stress, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders, according to recent research. This has raised interest in investigating the possible therapeutic advantages of melatonin in the treatment of diabetic complications. In addition, several studies have described that melatonin has been linked to the development of diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, immune system disorders, and heart diseases. In this review, we will highlight some of the functions of melatonin regarding vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Casper E, El Wakeel L, Sabri N, Khorshid R, Fahmy SF. Melatonin: A potential protective multifaceted force for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Life Sci 2024; 346:122611. [PMID: 38580195 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition manifested by organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Lung, brain, liver, kidney, and heart are among the affected organs. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a common cause of death among septic patients. Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is characterized by an acute and reversible significant decline in biventricular both systolic and diastolic function. This is accompanied by left ventricular dilatation. The pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is multifactorial. Hence, targeting an individual pathway may not be effective in halting the extensive dysregulated immune response. Despite major advances in sepsis management strategies, no effective pharmacological strategies have been shown to treat or even reverse sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Melatonin, namely, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is synthesized in the pineal gland of mammals and can also be produced in many cells and tissues. Melatonin has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-tumor activity. Several literature reviews have explored the role of melatonin in preventing sepsis-induced organ failure. Melatonin was found to act on different pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Through its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, it offers a potential role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Its antioxidant activity is through free radical scavenging against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modulating the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Melatonin anti-inflammatory activities control the overactive immune system and mitigate cytokine storm. Also, it mitigates mitochondrial dysfunction, a major mechanism involved in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, and thus controls apoptosis. Therefore, this review discusses melatonin as a promising drug for the management of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Casper
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Lamia El Wakeel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Sabri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ramy Khorshid
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Ain Shams University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sarah F Fahmy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sun Y, Zhong M, Xu N, Zhang X, Sun H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Nie Y, Li Q, Sun Q, Jiang J, Tang YC, Chang HC. High-frequency neural activity dysregulation is associated with sleep and psychiatric disorders in BMAL1-deficient animal models. iScience 2024; 27:109381. [PMID: 38500822 PMCID: PMC10946332 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance led by BMAL1-deficiency has been recognized both in rodent and non-human primate models. Yet it remained unclear how their diurnal brain oscillations were affected upon BMAL1 ablation and what caused the discrepancy in the quantity of sleep between the two species. Here, we investigated diurnal electroencephalographs of BMAL1-deficient mice and cynomolgus monkeys at young adult age and uncovered a shared defect of dysregulated high-frequency oscillations by Kullback-Leibler divergence analysis. We found beta and gamma oscillations were significantly disturbed in a day versus night manner in BMAL1-deficient monkeys, while in mice the beta band difference was less evident. Notably, the dysregulation of beta oscillations was particularly associated with psychiatric behaviors in BMAL1-deficient monkeys, including the occurrence of self-injuring and delusion-like actions. As such psychiatric phenotypes were challenging to uncover in rodent models, our results offered a unique method to study the correlation between circadian clock dysregulation and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhong
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Niannian Xu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Li
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China
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Mori K, Komatsu T, Fujiwara Y, Fujita Y. Comparison of the Effects of Desflurane and Sevoflurane on Variations in Salivary Melatonin and Sleep Disturbance After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Single-center, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Open-label Study. J Perianesth Nurs 2024; 39:101-108. [PMID: 37791946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anesthesia has been shown to disrupt the circadian rhythm. Recovery of the circadian rhythm after general anesthesia might help alleviate symptoms of insomnia and postoperative delirium. We hypothesized that recovery of the circadian rhythm is faster after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with desflurane than with sevoflurane. This study compared the influence of sevoflurane versus desflurane anesthesia on the postoperative circadian rhythm of melatonin in adults undergoing TKA. DESIGN Single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, open-label study. METHODS This study involved adult patients undergoing TKA at a university hospital in Japan from May 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome of the study was the comparison of the effect of sevoflurane and desflurane on the circadian rhythm of salivary melatonin for 3 days postoperatively. The secondary outcomes were postoperative fatigue and sleep quality for 3 days postoperatively. FINDINGS Twenty-eight patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II) were scheduled for TKA and randomized to receive sevoflurane (n = 14) or desflurane (n = 14) anesthesia. There was no significant difference in the melatonin concentration between the sevoflurane and desflurane groups. The salivary melatonin concentration after sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia was significantly higher at 9:00 p.m. on a postoperative day (POD)0 and POD1 than on POD3 (P < .05). Patients in the desflurane group had significantly greater fatigue than those in the sevoflurane group at 7:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. on POD3 (P < .05). Patients in the sevoflurane group had a deeper sleep than those in the desflurane group on POD0 (P < .05). In the sevoflurane group, the sleep time during the night of POD2 was longer than that on POD0 (6.1 vs 4.2 hours, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Under the current study conditions, desflurane was equivalent to sevoflurane in terms of the postoperative salivary melatonin concentration and sleep disturbance after TKA but not in terms of recovering the postoperative circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunao Mori
- Nurse Practitioner Office, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Toru Komatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihito Fujita
- Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
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Ashfaq R, Rasul A, Asghar S, Kovács A, Berkó S, Budai-Szűcs M. Lipid Nanoparticles: An Effective Tool to Improve the Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15764. [PMID: 37958750 PMCID: PMC10648376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-range bioactive colloidal carrier systems are envisaged to overcome the challenges associated with treatments of numerous diseases. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), one of the extensively investigated drug delivery systems, not only improve pharmacokinetic parameters, transportation, and chemical stability of encapsulated compounds but also provide efficient targeting and reduce the risk of toxicity. Over the last decades, nature-derived polyphenols, vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and herbs have received more attention due to their remarkable biological and pharmacological health and medical benefits. However, their poor aqueous solubility, compromised stability, insufficient absorption, and accelerated elimination impede research in the nutraceutical sector. Owing to the possibilities offered by various LNPs, their ability to accommodate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules and the availability of various preparation methods suitable for sensitive molecules, loading natural fragile molecules into LNPs offers a promising solution. The primary objective of this work is to explore the synergy between nature and nanotechnology, encompassing a wide range of research aimed at encapsulating natural therapeutic molecules within LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashfaq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.)
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Ren X, Xu K, Xu J, Mei Q. Melatonin attenuates monocrotaline-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rats via activation of Sirtuin-3. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23422. [PMID: 37350538 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin possesses potent hepatoprotective properties, but it remains to be elucidated whether melatonin has a therapeutic effect on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS). In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin or the same volume of vehicle at 0 and 24 h after MCT intragastric administration. Next, hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the hepatic sinusoidal injury of rats. Endothelial cell marker RECA-1 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic oxidative stress was analyzed by detecting malondialdehyde, glutathione S-transferase, and reactive oxygen species. Assessment of liver function was carried out by analysis of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and albumin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to identify liver Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) and active matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) expression. Besides, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were used for the in vitro functional verification experiment. Specifically, liver histology of the melatonin-treated groups showed that the pathological damages caused by MCT were significantly attenuated, total HSOS scores were decreased, and the elevation of serum hyaluronic acid observed in the model group was also reduced. Moreover, melatonin treatment also improved the survival of rats after partial hepatectomy. Administration of melatonin ameliorated MCT-induced LSECs injury, hepatic oxidative stress, and hepatic dysfunction. Furthermore, melatonin treatment increased SIRT3 expression while attenuating MMP-9 activity in liver tissues. Cell experiment also demonstrated that SIRT3 might mediate the protective effect of melatonin on LSECs. Collectively, our study provided the potential rationale for the application of melatonin for the prevention of MCT-induced HSOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lu'an Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiao Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Butler M, D'Angelo S, Perrin A, Rodillas J, Miller D, Arader L, Chandereng T, Cheung YK, Shechter A, Davidson KW. A Series of Remote Melatonin Supplement Interventions for Poor Sleep: Protocol for a Feasibility Pilot Study for a Series of Personalized (N-of-1) Trials. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e45313. [PMID: 37535419 PMCID: PMC10436115 DOI: 10.2196/45313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep, defined as short-duration or poor-quality sleep, is a frequently reported condition with many deleterious effects including poorer cognitive functioning, increased accidents, and poorer health. Melatonin has been shown to be an efficacious treatment to manage symptoms of poor sleep. However, the treatment effects of melatonin on sleep can vary greatly between participants. Personalized, or N-of-1, trial designs represent a method for identifying the best treatment for individual participants. Although using N-of-1 trials of melatonin to treat poor sleep is possible, the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of N-of-1 trials using melatonin are unknown. Using the National Institutes of Health Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development, a stage IB (intervention refinement, modification, and adaptation and pilot testing) design appeared to be needed to address these feasibility questions. OBJECTIVE This trial series evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a series of personalized interventions for remote delivery of melatonin dose (3 and 0.5 mg) versus placebo supplements for self-reported poor sleep among 60 participants. The goal of this study is to provide valuable information about implementing remote N-of-1 randomized controlled trials to improve poor sleep. METHODS Participants will complete a 2-week baseline followed by six 2-week alternating intervention periods of 3 mg of melatonin, 0.5 mg of melatonin, and placebo. Participants will be randomly assigned to 2 intervention orders. The feasibility and acceptability of the personalized trial approach will be determined with participants' ratings of usability and satisfaction with the remote, personalized intervention delivery system. The effectiveness of the intervention will be measured using participants' self-reported sleep quality and duration and Fitbit tracker-measured sleep duration and efficiency. Additional measures will include ecological momentary assessment measures of fatigue, stress, pain, mood, concentration, and confidence as well as measures of participant adherence to the intervention, use of the Fitbit tracker, and survey data collection. RESULTS As of the submission of this protocol, recruitment for this National Institutes of Health stage IB personalized trial series is approximately 78.3% complete (47/60). We expect recruitment and data collection to be finalized by June 2023. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a series of personalized interventions of melatonin will address the longer term aim of this program of research-is integrating N-of-1 trials useful patient care? The personalized trial series results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will follow the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) extension for N-of-1 trials (CENT 2015) reporting guidelines. This trial series was approved by the Northwell Health institutional review board. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05349188; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05349188. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Butler
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Stefani D'Angelo
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Perrin
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jordyn Rodillas
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Miller
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Lindsay Arader
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- St John's University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thevaa Chandereng
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ying Kuen Cheung
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ari Shechter
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Eto T, Higuchi S. Review on age-related differences in non-visual effects of light: melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex in children to older adults. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:11. [PMID: 37355647 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological effects of light exposure in humans are diverse. Among them, the circadian rhythm phase shift effect in order to maintain a 24-h cycle of the biological clock is referred to as non-visual effects of light collectively with melatonin suppression and pupillary light reflex. The non-visual effects of light may differ depending on age, and clarifying age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light is important for providing appropriate light environments for people of different ages. Therefore, in various research fields, including physiological anthropology, many studies on the effects of age on non-visual functions have been carried out in older people, children and adolescents by comparing the effects with young adults. However, whether the non-visual effects of light vary depending on age and, if so, what factors contribute to the differences have remained unclear. In this review, results of past and recent studies on age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light are presented and discussed in order to provide clues for answering the question of whether non-visual effects of light actually vary depending on age. Some studies, especially studies focusing on older people, have shown age-related differences in non-visual functions including differences in melatonin suppression, circadian phase shift and pupillary light reflex, while other studies have shown no differences. Studies showing age-related differences in the non-visual effects of light have suspected senile constriction and crystalline lens opacity as factors contributing to the differences, while studies showing no age-related differences have suspected the presence of a compensatory mechanism. Some studies in children and adolescents have shown that children's non-visual functions may be highly sensitive to light, but the studies comparing with other age groups seem to have been limited. In order to study age-related differences in non-visual effects in detail, comparative studies should be conducted using subjects having a wide range of ages and with as much control as possible for intensity, wavelength component, duration, circadian timing, illumination method of light exposure, and other factors (mydriasis or non-mydriasis, cataracts or not in the older adults, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Eto
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Sleep-Wake Disorders, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Higuchi
- Department of Human Life Design and Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Sarkar S, Das A, Mitra A, Ghosh S, Chattopadhyay S, Bandyopadhyay D. An integrated strategy to explore the potential role of melatonin against copper-induced adrenaline toxicity in rat cardiomyocytes: Insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110301. [PMID: 37224648 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Circumstantial anxiety as well as chronic stress may stimulate the release of stress hormones including catecholamines. Adrenaline toxicity has been implicated in many cardiovascular conditions. Considering previous literature that suggests the oxidative potential of the adrenaline-copper entity, we have investigated its potential nocuous role in isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, the underlying molecular mechanism, and its possible protection by melatonin. MAIN METHODS Given the mechanistic congruity of adrenaline-copper (AC) with the well-established H2O2-copper-ascorbate (HCA) system of free radical generation, we have used the latter as a representative model to study the cytotoxic nature of AC. We further investigated the cardioprotective efficacy of melatonin in both the stress models through scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS Results show that melatonin significantly protects AC-treated cardiomyocytes from ROS-mediated membrane damage, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, antioxidant imbalance, and distortion of cellular morphology. Melatonin protects cardiomyocytes from inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators viz., COX-2, NF-κB, TNF-α, and upregulating anti-inflammatory IL-10. Melatonin significantly ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AC and HCA-treated cells as evidenced by decreased BAX/BCL-2 ratio and subsequent suppression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels. The isothermal calorimetric study revealed that melatonin inhibits the binding of adrenaline bitartrate with copper in solution, which fairly explains the rescue potential of melatonin against AC-mediated toxicity in cardiomyocytes. SIGNIFICANCE Findings suggest that the multipronged strategy of melatonin that includes its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and overall cardioprotective ability may substantiate its potential therapeutic efficacy against adrenaline-copper-induced damage and death of adult rat cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaimanti Sarkar
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Ankur Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Ankan Mitra
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Songita Ghosh
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Sreya Chattopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Debasish Bandyopadhyay
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University College of Science and Technology and Agriculture, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
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Huo C, Tang Y, Li X, Han D, Gu Q, Su R, Liu Y, Reiter RJ, Liu G, Hu Y, Yang H. Melatonin alleviates lung injury in H1N1-infected mice by mast cell inactivation and cytokine storm suppression. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011406. [PMID: 37200384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) H1N1 infection is a constant threat to human health and it remains so due to the lack of an effective treatment. Since melatonin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule with anti-viral action, in the present study we used melatonin to protect against H1N1 infection under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The death rate of the H1N1-infected mice was negatively associated with the nose and lung tissue local melatonin levels but not with serum melatonin concentrations. The H1N1-infected AANAT-/- melatonin-deficient mice had a significantly higher death rate than that of the WT mice and melatonin administration significantly reduced the death rate. All evidence confirmed the protective effects of melatonin against H1N1 infection. Further study identified that the mast cells were the primary targets of melatonin action, i.e., melatonin suppresses the mast cell activation caused by H1N1 infection. The molecular mechanisms involved melatonin down-regulation of gene expression for the HIF-1 pathway and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine release from mast cells; this resulted in a reduction in the migration and activation of the macrophages and neutrophils in the lung tissue. This pathway was mediated by melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) since the MT2 specific antagonist 4P-PDOT significantly blocked the effects of melatonin on mast cell activation. Via targeting mast cells, melatonin suppressed apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and the lung injury caused by H1N1 infection. The findings provide a novel mechanism to protect against the H1N1-induced pulmonary injury, which may better facilitate the progress of new strategies to fight H1N1 infection or other IAV viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinsen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyue Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijing Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Guoshi Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Liu C, Huang Y, Liu Y, Xin Y, Xu L, Zhou R, Mu Z, Junling Y, Wang X, Wang Y. Progesterone levels associated with proteinuria in male diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional retrospective study. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:669-674. [PMID: 36824009 PMCID: PMC10119911 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relationship between progesterone (P) and diabetic nephropathy (DKD) is unclear. Herein, we investigated the relationship between progesterone and DKD in men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 3,556 male and postmenopausal female patients and obtained the dominance ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with progesterone by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potentially confounding variants. RESULTS We found that progesterone levels were significantly lower in the massive proteinuria and microproteinuria groups compared with the non-DKD group for male patients. Also, microproteinuria and massive proteinuria prevalence were higher in the first (lowest) progesterone quartile than in the second to fourth quartiles. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the first (lowest) progesterone quartile group, the OR for the second to fourth quartiles in the male microproteinuria subgroup, were: Q2: 0.846 (95% CI: 0.581-1.233, P = 0.385); Q3: 0.667 (95% CI: 0.45-0988, P = 0.044); Q4: 0.597 (95% CI: 0.393-0.907, P = 0.016). In the male massive proteinuria subgroup, the OR for the third quartile group was 0.418 (95% CI: 0.201-0.867, P = 0.019). In contrast, no significant association was detected between progesterone and DKD prevalence in the female group. CONCLUSIONS Progesterone levels were negatively associated with DKD incidence in hospitalized male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuzhao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zepeng Mu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Junling
- Central Laboratory of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Zhang L, Tang Y, Merkler DJ, Han Q. Function, structure, evolution, regulation of a potent drug target, arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:211-223. [PMID: 36858736 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) catalyzes the transacetylation of acetyl coenzyme A to arylamines and arylalkylamines. Based on three-dimensional structural information, aaNAT belongs to the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases superfamily with a conserved acetyl-CoA binding domain (Dyda et al., 2000). By comparison of sequence similarity, aaNAT is usually divided into vertebrate aaNAT (VT-aaNAT) and non-vertebrate aaNAT (NV-aaNAT) (Cazaméa-Catalan et al., 2014). Insects have evolved multiple aaNATs in comparison to mammals, thus more diverse functions are also reflected in insects. This chapter will summarize previous studies on the function, regulation, structure and evolution of aaNAT, and provide insight into future pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tang
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - David J Merkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China.
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14
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Bseiso EA, AbdEl-Aal SA, Nasr M, Sammour OA, El Gawad NAA. Nose to brain delivery of melatonin lipidic nanocapsules as a promising post-ischemic neuroprotective therapeutic modality. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2469-2480. [PMID: 35892291 PMCID: PMC9341381 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for about 87% of all strokes, causing long-term disability in adults, and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In search of new therapeutic modalities, the use of neuroprotective agents loaded in nanocarriers to be delivered by noninvasive means (i.e. via intranasal route) became a popular approach. In the current study, melatonin (MEL) was loaded in lipidic nanocapsules (LNCs) prepared using the phase inversion method, and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, viscosity, storage stability, and ex vivo permeation across sheep nasal mucosa. Moreover, MEL-LNCs were tested for efficacy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R/) injury model through histopathological assessment, and analysis of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic markers. Results showed that LNCs exhibited particle size ranging from 18.26 to 109.8 nm, negative zeta potential, good storage stability, spherical morphology, and a burst release followed by a sustained release pattern. LNCs exhibited 10.35 folds higher permeation of MEL than the drug solution across sheep nasal mucosa. Post-ischemic intranasal administration of MEL-LNCs revealed lowering of oxidative stress manifested by a decrease in malondialdehyde levels, and elevation of glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels, lowering of the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor-α, NO, myeloperoxidase, and significant inhibition of Caspase-3 activity as an apoptotic marker. Western blot analysis delineated a recovery of protein expression Nrf-2 and HO-1 with downregulation in the parent inflammatory markers nuclear factor kappa B p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Bax, and Cytochrome C expressions, and upregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 Bcl-2, hence promoting neuronal survival. This was supported by histological evidence, revealing significant restoration of hippocampal neurons. In light of the above, it can be concluded that MEL-LNCs could be a promising delivery system for nose to brain delivery for treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bseiso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt
| | - Sarah A AbdEl-Aal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Department of Pharmacy, KUT University College, Al Kut, Wasit52001, Iraq
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omaima A Sammour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya A Abd El Gawad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza Governorate, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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15
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Synthesis of New 2,3-Dihydroindole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Melatonin Receptor Binding Affinity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217462. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3-Dihydroindoles are promising agents for the synthesis of new compounds with neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Usually, these compounds are obtained by direct reduction of the corresponding indoles containing acceptor groups in the indole ring for its activation. In this work, we propose a synthetic strategy to obtain new 2,3-dihydroindole derivatives from the corresponding polyfunctional 2-oxindoles. Three methods were proposed for reduction of functional groups in the 2-oxindole and 2-chloroindole molecules using various boron hydrides. The possibility of chemoselective reduction of the nitrile group in the presence of an amide was shown. The proposed synthetic strategy can be used, for example, for the synthesis of new analogs of the endogenous hormone melatonin and other compounds with neuroprotective properties.
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16
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ORUCH R, HUNEIF MA, PRYME IF, FASMER OB, LUND A. Drug treatment of insomnia: impact of zopiclone. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Kandemir H, İzgi S, Cınar I, Cebeci F, Dirican E, Saglam MF, Sengul IF. Methoxy‐Activated Indole‐7‐Carbohydrazides; Synthesis, Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science Tekirdag Namık Kemal University Turkey
| | - Samet İzgi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science Tekirdag Namık Kemal University Turkey
| | - Irfan Cınar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Kastamonu University Kastamonu Turkey
| | - Fatma Cebeci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Bayburt University Bayburt Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Dirican
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Bayburt University Bayburt Turkey
| | - Mehmet F. Saglam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Gebze Technical University, Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ibrahim F. Sengul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Gebze Technical University, Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
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18
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Yadav K, Garg S, Singh AK, Singh S, Singh Parmar A, Rosy. Protein nano Dots conjugated AuNP, poly-Lysine biointerface for the selective voltammetric estimation of Melatonin in pharmaceutical and food samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Intranasally administered melatonin core-shell polymeric nanocapsules: A promising treatment modality for cerebral ischemia. Life Sci 2022; 306:120797. [PMID: 35841976 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The neurohormone melatonin (MEL) has been reported as a promising neuroprotective molecule, however it suffers pharmaceutical limitations such as poor solubility and low bioavailability, which hinder its pharmacological and clinical potential. In the current work, MEL was loaded in core-shell nanocarrier system; polymeric nanocapsules (PNCs), and assessed for its potential in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury rat model when administered intranasally. KEY FINDINGS Adopting a D-optimal factorial design, MEL-PNCs were successfully formulated using the nanoprecipitation technique. MEL-PNCs exhibited a particle size ranging from 143.5 to 444 nm, negative zeta potential values ranging from -24.2 to -38.7 mV, cumulative release % for MEL ranging from 36.79 to 41.31 % over 8 h period, with overall good storage properties. The selected MEL-PNCs formulation displayed 8-fold higher permeation than the drug solution across sheep nasal mucosa. MEL-PNCs administered intranasally decreased oxidative stress and hippocampal inflammation, and the histological examination revealed the significant restoration of hippocampal neurons. SIGNIFICANCE MEL-PNCs administered intranasally could be a promising treatment modality in brain ischemia.
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20
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Sedative–Hypnotic Activity of the Water Extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma in Rodents. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:145-159. [PMID: 35323168 PMCID: PMC8947684 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants have been used in Asia for treating a variety of mental diseases, including insomnia and depression. However, their sedative–hypnotic effects and mechanisms have not been clarified yet. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the sedative–hypnotic effects of water extracts of five medicinal plants: Coptidis Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Angelicae sinensis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg. The binding abilities of five medicinal plant extracts to the GABAA–BZD and 5-HT2C receptors were compared. Their abilities to activate arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), a melatonin synthesis enzyme, in pineal cells were also determined. Following in vitro tests, the sedative and hypnotic activities of extracts with the highest activities were determined in an animal sleep model. In the binding assay, the water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma (WCR) showed high binding affinity to the GABAA–BZD and 5-HT2C receptors in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, WCR increased the AANAT activity up to five times compared with the baseline level. Further animal sleep model experiments showed that WCR potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by prolonging the sleep time. It also decreased the sleep onset time in mice. In addition, WCR reduced wake time and increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without EEG power density (percentages of δ, θ, and α waves) during NREM sleep in rats. WCR could effectively induce NREM sleep without altering the architectural physiologic profile of sleep. This is the first report of the sedative–hypnotic effect of Coptidis Rhizoma possibly by regulating GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors and by activating AANAT activity.
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21
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Anghel L, Baroiu L, Popazu CR, Pătraș D, Fotea S, Nechifor A, Ciubara A, Nechita L, Mușat CL, Stefanopol IA, Tatu AL, Ciubara AB. Benefits and adverse events of melatonin use in the elderly (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:219. [PMID: 35126722 PMCID: PMC8796282 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in accordance with the circadian rhythm when the light level decreases. Reduction of melatonin secretion with age may be associated with physiological aging in neurodegenerative diseases by affecting the suprachiasmatic nucleus or of the neuronal pathways of transmission to the pineal gland. A significant decrease in melatonin synthesis has been reported in various disorders and diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders (particularly diabetes type 2), cancer and endocrine diseases. In addition to the fact, that melatonin is a sleep inducer, it also exerts cytoprotective properties as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. The therapeutic role of melatonin has been demonstrated in sleep disorders, eye damage and cardiovascular disease. The association between melatonin and β-blockers has had a positive impact on sleep disorders in clinical trials. Previous studies have reported the anti-inflammatory effect of melatonin by adjusting levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Melatonin treatment has been demonstrated to decrease IL-6 and IL-10 expression levels and efficiently attenuate T-cell proliferation. Currently, there is an inconsistency of scientific data regarding the lowest optimal dose and safety of melatonin for long-term use. The aim of the present review was to summarize the evidence on the role of melatonin in various clinical conditions and highlight the future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucreția Anghel
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Liliana Baroiu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Corina Rișcă Popazu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Diana Pătraș
- Internal Medicine Department, St. Andrew The Apostle Clinical Emergency County Hospital, 800578 Galați, Romania
| | - Silvia Fotea
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Alexandru Nechifor
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania.,Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Anamaria Ciubara
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Luiza Nechita
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Carmina Liana Mușat
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Stefanopol
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Alin Laurențiu Tatu
- Clinical Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania.,Multidisciplinary Integrated Center of Dermatological Interface Research, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania.,Research Center in The Field of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Ciubara
- Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, 'Dunărea de Jos' University, 800008 Galați, Romania
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22
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Yıldız M, Bingul M, Zorlu Y, Saglam MF, Boga M, Temel M, Koca MS, Kandemir H, Sengul IF. Dimethoxyindoles based thiosemicarbazones as multi-target agents; synthesis, crystal interactions, biological activity and molecular modeling. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105647. [PMID: 35121556 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known as one of the most devastating neurodegenerative disease diagnosed for the old-aged people and cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEI) can be used as an effective palliative treatment for AD. A range of novel monomeric and dimeric indole based thiosemicarbazone derivatives 17-28 was synthesized in order to target cholinesterases (ChE). Biological importance of the targeted compounds 17-28 was investigated by employing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes along with three different antioxidant property determination assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cationic radical decolarization, and CUPRAC cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. The compounds 18 and 19 displayed the best inhibitor activity against BChE with IC50 values of 7.42 and 1.95 μM, respectively. The antioxidant potentials were found to be moderate for DPPH and ABTS assays and the compounds 28 and 18 were the most potent candidates for both antioxidant assays. Cupric reducing capacity was the most promising assay and the compounds 25, 26 and 28 provided better inhibition values than all the standards. Further binding mode and affinity studies performed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Accordingly, the compound 19 is the most plausible candidate that can compete with galantamine (GNT), a common pharmaceutics targeting both cholinesterase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhal Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Murat Bingul
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet F Saglam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Boga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
| | - Mutesir Temel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serdar Koca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kandemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim F Sengul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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23
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Jafari-Vayghan H, Moludi J, Saleh-Ghadimi S, Enamzadeh E, Seyed-Mohammadzad MH, Alizadeh M. Impact of Melatonin and Branched-Chain Amino Acids Cosupplementation on Quality of Life, Fatigue, and Nutritional Status in Cachectic Heart Failure Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:130-140. [PMID: 35185435 PMCID: PMC8848111 DOI: 10.1177/1559827619874044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiac cachexia (CC) adversely affects the lifestyle of heart failure (HF) patients. The current study examined the impact of melatonin cosupplementation and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on quality of life (QoL), fatigue, and nutritional status in cachectic HF patients. Methods: In this trial, 84 CC patients were randomized to melatonin, BCAAs, or coadministration (both) as intervention groups and a control group over 8 weeks. At baseline and postintervention, QoL, fatigue, and nutritional status were assessed. Results: After intervention, improvement in the overall and physical dimensions of QoL and appetite score were found to be statistically significant in the BCAAs (P < .001) and the melatonin+BCAAs (P < .001) groups compared with the placebo group. The emotional dimension score was significantly lower in the BCAAs group compared with the placebo group (P = .001). There was a statistically significant improvement in fatigue severity in all 3 intervention groups compared with the placebo group. The nutrition risk index (NRI) score increased significantly only in the melatonin group (P = .015), and there was no significant difference between the other groups (P = .804). Conclusions: Cosupplementation with BCAAs and melatonin improved QoL, fatigue status, and appetite in cachectic HF patients but did not affect NRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Jafari-Vayghan
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Jalal Moludi
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Sevda Saleh-Ghadimi
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Elgar Enamzadeh
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Mir Hossein Seyed-Mohammadzad
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee (HJ-V, JM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences (SS-G), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center (EE), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science (MA), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Cardiology, Shohada Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran (MHS-M)
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Kamruzzaman ASM, Hiragaki S, Watari Y, Natsukawa T, Yasuhara A, Ichihara N, Mohamed AA, Elgendy AM, Takeda M. Clock-controlled arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) regulates circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana, via melatonin/MT2-like receptor. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12751. [PMID: 34091948 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) orchestrates daily and seasonal rhythms (eg, locomotion, sleep/wake cycles, and migration among other rhythms) in diverse organisms. We investigated the effects of pharmacological doses (0.03-1 mM) of exogenous MEL intake in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, on locomotor activity. As per os MEL concentration increased, cockroach locomotor rhythm in light-dark (LD) cycles became more synchronized. The ratio of night activity to 24-h activity increased and the acrophase (peak) slightly advanced. MEL application also influenced total activity bouts in the free-running rhythm. Since MEL slightly influenced τ in the free-running rhythms, it is not a central element of the circadian pacemaker but must influence mutual coupling of multi-oscillatory system components. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (aaNAT) regulates enzymatic production of MEL. aaNAT activities vary in circadian rhythms, and the immunoreactive aaNAT (aaNAT-ir) is colocalized with the key clock proteins cycle (CYC)-ir and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-ir These are elements of the central pacemaker and its output pathway as well as other circadian landmarks such as the anterior and posterior optic commissures (AOC and POC, respectively). It also partially shares immunohistochemical reactivity with PER-ir and DBT-ir neurons. We analyzed the role of Pamericana aaNAT1 (PaaaNAT1) (AB106562.1) by injecting dsRNAaaNAT1 . qPCR showed a decrease in accumulations of mRNAs encoding PaaaNAT1. The injections led to arrhythmicity in LD cycles and the arrhythmicity persisted in constant dark (DD). Continuous administration of MEL resynchronized the rhythm after arrhythmicity was induced by dsRNAaaNAT1 injection, suggesting that PaaaNAT is the key regulator of the circadian system in the cockroach via MEL production. PaaaNAT1 contains putative E-box regions which may explain its tight circadian control. The receptor that mediates MEL function is most likely similar to the mammalian MT2, because injecting the competitive MT2 antagonist luzindole blocked MEL function, and MEL injection after luzindole treatment restored MT function. Human MT2-ir was localized in the circadian neurons in the cockroach brain and subesophageal ganglion. We infer that MEL and its synthesizing enzyme, aaNAT, constitute at least one circadian output pathway of locomotor activity either as a distinct route or in association with PDF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S M Kamruzzaman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Susumu Hiragaki
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Watari
- Faculty of Clinical Education, Ashiya University, Ashiya, Japan
| | - Takashi Natsukawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akie Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ichihara
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Amr A Mohamed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Elgendy
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Makio Takeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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25
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Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang N, Gan J, Zhang S, Dong Z. Combining protein and metabolic engineering strategies for biosynthesis of melatonin in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:170. [PMID: 34454478 PMCID: PMC8403405 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01662-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has attracted substantial attention because of its excellent prospects for both medical applications and crop improvement. The microbial production of melatonin is a safer and more promising alternative to chemical synthesis approaches. Researchers have failed to produce high yields of melatonin in common heterologous hosts due to either the insolubility or low enzyme activity of proteins encoded by gene clusters related to melatonin biosynthesis. RESULTS Here, a combinatorial gene pathway for melatonin production was successfully established in Escherichia coli by combining the physostigmine biosynthetic genes from Streptomyces albulus and gene encoding phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (P4H) from Xanthomonas campestris and caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from Oryza sativa. A threefold improvement of melatonin production was achieved by balancing the expression of heterologous proteins and adding 3% glycerol. Further protein engineering and metabolic engineering were conducted to improve the conversion of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) to melatonin. Construction of COMT variant containing C303F and V321T mutations increased the production of melatonin by fivefold. Moreover, the deletion of speD gene increased the supply of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), an indispensable cofactor of COMT, which doubled the yield of melatonin. In the final engineered strain EcMEL8, the production of NAS and melatonin reached 879.38 ± 71.42 mg/L and 136.17 ± 1.33 mg/L in a shake flask. Finally, in a 2-L bioreactor, EcMEL8 produced 1.06 ± 0.07 g/L NAS and 0.65 ± 0.11 g/L melatonin with tryptophan supplementation. CONCLUSIONS This study established a novel combinatorial pathway for melatonin biosynthesis in E. coli and provided alternative strategies for improvement of melatonin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaJia Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Shenzhen Siyomicro Bio-Tech C., LTD, No. 39 Qingfeng Avenue, Baolong Community, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Ghosh A, Singh S. Regulation Of Microtubule: Current Concepts And Relevance To Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:656-679. [PMID: 34323203 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210728144043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are abnormalities linked to neuronal structure and irregularities associated with the proliferation of cells, transportation, and differentiation. NDD also involves synaptic circuitry and neural network alterations known as synaptopathies. Microtubules (MTs) and MTs-associated proteins help to maintain neuronal health as well as their development. The microtubular dynamic structure plays a crucial role in the division of cells and forms mitotic spindles, thus take part in initiating stages of differentiation and polarization for various types of cells. The MTs also take part in the cellular death but MT-based cellular degenerations are not yet well excavated. In the last few years, studies have provided the protagonist activity of MTs in neuronal degeneration. In this review, we largely engrossed our discussion on the change of MT cytoskeleton structure, describing their organization, dynamics, transportation, and their failure causing NDDs. At end of this review, we are targeting the therapeutic neuroprotective strategies on clinical priority and also try to discuss the clues for the development of new MT-based therapy as a new pharmacological intervention. This will be a new potential site to block not only neurodegeneration but also promotes the regeneration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001 Punjab, India
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27
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Lin CH, Chiu CC, Lane HY. Trough Melatonin Levels Differ between Early and Late Phases of Alzheimer Disease. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:135-144. [PMID: 33508797 PMCID: PMC7851471 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Melatonin has been considered to have an essential role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) for its regulatory function on circadian rhythm and interaction with glutamate for the modulation of learning and memory. Previous studies revealed that melatonin levels decreased in patients with AD. However, melatonin supplement didn’t show promising efficacy for AD. This study compared trough melatonin levels among elderly people with different severities of cognitive deficits. Methods We enrolled 270 elder individuals (consisting four groups healthy elderly, amnestic mild cognitive impairment [MCI], mild AD, and moderate-severe AD) in the learning cohort. Trough melatonin levels in plasma were measured using ELISA. Cognitive function was evaluated by Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). An independent testing cohort, also consisting of four groups, was enrolled for ascertainment. Results In the learning cohort, trough melatonin levels decreased in the MCI group but elevated in the mild and moderate to severe AD groups. Trough melatonin levels were associated with CDR and MMSE in MCI or AD patients significantly. In the testing cohort, the results were similar to those in the learning cohort. Conclusion This study demonstrated that trough melatonin levels in the peripheral blood were decreased in MCI but increased with the severity of AD. The finding supports the trials indicating that melatonin showed efficacy only in MCI but not in AD. Whether trough melatonin level has potential to be a treatment response biomarker for AD, especially its early phase needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chiang Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Nishimon S, Nishino N, Nishino S. Advances in the pharmacological management of non-24-h sleep-wake disorder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1039-1049. [PMID: 33618599 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1876665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Melatonin, a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle, is produced mainly during the dark period in the pineal gland and is suppressed by light exposure. Patients with non-24-h sleep-wake disorder (non-24) fail to entrain the master clock with the 24-h light-dark cycle due to the lack of light perception to the suprachiasmatic nucleus typically in totally blind individuals or other organic disorders in sighted individuals, causing a progressive delay in the sleep-wake cycle and periodic insomnia and daytime sleepiness.Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the pharmacological therapies including exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists for the management of non-24. They introduce a historical report about the effects of melatonin on the phase shift and entrainment for blind individuals with the free-running circadian rhythm.Expert opinion: Orally administered melatonin entrains the endogenous circadian rhythm and improves nighttime sleep and daytime alertness for non-24. Currently, tasimelteon is the only approved medication for non-24 by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Treatments that focus only on sleep problems are insufficient for the treatment of non-24, and aids to entrain the free-running rhythm with the light-dark cycle are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nishimon
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
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Evaluating the Neuroprotective Effect of Melatonin on Patients with Hemorrhagic Stroke Using Serum S100B Protein as a Prognostic Marker. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.64476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most debilitating kinds of stroke. Recent evidence shows that the proper initiation of neuroprotective agents might save at risk neurons and improve the outcome. Objectives: The focus of this study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Forty adult patients with confirmed nontraumatic ICH, who were admitted to the ICU within 24 hours of the stroke onset were enrolled in this study. Subjects in the melatonin group received 30 mg of melatonin every night for 5 consecutive nights. In order to evaluate the intensity of the neuronal injury, S100B was assessed once on day 1 and, day 5 post ICU admission. Additionally, the length of ICU stay, mortality, and the duration of mechanical ventilation were also recorded. Results: Forty patients completed the study. In both groups the plasma concentrations of S100B decreased after 5 days compared with their baseline values. However, this reduction was more significant in the melatonin compared to the control group (P-value < 0.05). The duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay was shorter in the melatonin group, and this difference was statistically significant for the length of ICU stay (P-value < 0.05), and marginally significant for the duration of mechanical ventilation (P-value = 0.065). The in-ICU mortality rate of the melatonin group was 15%, almost half of that of the control group (30%). However, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: In conclusion, melatonin can be considered as a harmless and effective nueroprotective agent with some unique features which has made it an appropriate adjunctive medicine for critically ill intubated patients.
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30
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Amer ME, Othamn AI, El-Missiry MA. Melatonin ameliorates diabetes-induced brain injury in rats. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151677. [PMID: 33401187 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic brain is a serious complication of diabetes, and it is associated with oxidative stress and neuronal injury. This study investigated the protective effect of melatonin (MLT) on diabetes-induced brain injury. A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was produced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide 100 mg/kg, followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 55 mg/kg. The diabetic rats were orally administered MLT 10 mg/kg of body weight for 15 days. MLT remarkably downregulated serum glucose levels. It also improved levels of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal, improved levels of antioxidants including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the brains of the diabetic rats, and this is indicative of the antioxidant potential of MLT. MLT also prevented increase in homocysteine, amyloid-β42 and tau levels in diabetic rats, and this suggests that it can reduce the risk of dementia. This is associated with reduction in the levels of the dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate and is indicative of the regulatory effect of MLT on neurotransmitters. Treatment with MLT improved diabetes-induced structural alteration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. MLT significantly reduced caspase-3 and Bax as well as significantly increase Bcl-2 protein and GFAP-positive astrocytes indicating its anti-apoptotic effect. MLT showed remarkable ameliorative effect against biochemical and molecular alterations in the brains of diabetic rats most likely through its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie E Amer
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Azza I Othamn
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Ozkalayci F, Kocabas U, Altun BU, Pandi-Perumal S, Altun A. Relationship Between Melatonin and Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2021; 13:e12935. [PMID: 33654615 PMCID: PMC7914336 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coronary atherosclerotic process involves different pathological mechanisms; inflammation is one of the major triggers for the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Although several studies showed the favorable effects of melatonin on the cardiovascular system (CVS), melatonin seems not to take its rightful place in today's clinical practice. This review aims to point out the role of melatonin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its' risk factors. All data were obtained via PubMed, Wikipedia, and Google.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umut Kocabas
- Cardiology, Baskent University Izmir Hospital, Izmir, TUR
| | | | | | - Armagan Altun
- Cardiology, Baskent University İstanbul Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
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32
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Das R, Balmik AA, Chinnathambi S. Melatonin Reduces GSK3β-Mediated Tau Phosphorylation, Enhances Nrf2 Nuclear Translocation and Anti-Inflammation. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091420981204. [PMID: 33342257 PMCID: PMC7754800 DOI: 10.1177/1759091420981204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neuropathological condition with abnormal accumulation of extracellular Amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of Microtubule-associated protein Tau (Tau) in the brain. In pathological conditions, Tau undergoes post-translational modifications such as hyperphosphorylation by the activity of cellular kinases, which eventually leads to protein aggregation in neurons. Melatonin is a neuro-hormone that is mainly secreted from the pineal gland and functions to modulate the cellular kinases. In our study, we have checked the neuroprotective function of Melatonin by MTT and LDH assay, where Melatonin inhibited the Tau aggregates-mediated cytotoxicity and membrane leakage in Neuro2A cells. The potency of Melatonin has also been studied for the quenching of intracellular reactive oxygen species level by DCFDA assay and caspase 3 activity. Melatonin was shown to reduce the GSK3β mRNA and subsequent protein level as well as the phospho-Tau level (pThr181 and pThr212-pSer214) in okadaic acid-induced Neuro2A cells, as observed by western blot and immunofluorescence assay. Further, Melatonin has increased the cellular Nrf2 level and its nuclear translocation as an oxidative stress response in Tauopathy. The Melatonin was found to induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels in N9 microglia. The mRNA level of cellular kinases such as as-GSK3β, MAPK were also studied by qRT-PCR assay in Tau-exposed N9 and Neuro2A cells. The immunomodulatory effect of Melatonin was evident as it induced IL-10 and TGF-β cytokine levels and activated MAP3K level in Tau-exposed microglia and neurons, respectively. Melatonin also downregulated the mRNA level of pro-inflammatory markers, IL-1β and Cyclooxygenase-2 in N9 microglia. Together, these findings suggest that Melatonin remediated the cytokine profile of Tau-exposed microglia, reduced Tau hyperphosphorylation by downregulating GSK3β level, and alleviated oxidative stress via Nrf2 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Das
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Abhishek Ankur Balmik
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, 201002 Ghaziabad, India
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33
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Socaciu AI, Ionuţ R, Socaciu MA, Ungur AP, Bârsan M, Chiorean A, Socaciu C, Râjnoveanu AG. Melatonin, an ubiquitous metabolic regulator: functions, mechanisms and effects on circadian disruption and degenerative diseases. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:465-478. [PMID: 32691289 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-020-09570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last four decades, we assist to an increasing scientific interest on melatonin, a circadian hormone, a metabolic regulator which influences not only plants' metabolism and their defense against pathogens but mostly the animals and humans' metabolic pathways, their response to circadian disruption, stress and burnout syndrome. In humans, as a hormonal regulator, produced in the pineal grand as well in mitochondria, melatonin is involved in different, complex intracellular signaling pathways, with antioxidant and immune stimulating effects, proving to act as a circadian synchronizer, as a preventive and therapeutic agent in many degenerative diseases, and especially in hormone-dependent cancers. Preclinical or clinical studies showed recently the mechanisms involved in regulating the cellular activity, its role in aging and circadian disturbances and impact on degenerative diseases. Melatonin proved to have an anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and powerful antioxidant effect by subtle mechanisms in mitochondrial metabolic pathways. This overview includes recent and relevant literature data related to the impact of endogenous and exogeneous melatonin on the prevention of cancer progression and treatment of various degenerative diseases. Metabolomics, an emerging new omics' technology, based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is presented as an encouraging technique to fingerprint and realize a precise evaluation and monitoring of the turnover of melatonin and its metabolites in different pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Iulia Socaciu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Ionuţ
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Adrian Socaciu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Petra Ungur
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Bârsan
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angelica Chiorean
- Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Armand Gabriel Râjnoveanu
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lee YH, Jung HS, Kwon MJ, Jang JE, Kim TN, Lee SH, Kim MK, Park JH. Melatonin protects INS-1 pancreatic β-cells from apoptosis and senescence induced by glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity. Islets 2020; 12:87-98. [PMID: 32673151 PMCID: PMC7527021 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2020.1783162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melatonin is a hormone known as having very strong anti-oxidant property. Senescence is a biological state characterized by the loss of cell replication and the changes consisting of a pro-inflammatory phenotype, leading to Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) which is now regarded as one of the fundamental processes of many degenerative diseases. Increased cell division count induces cell senescence via DNA damage in response to elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). We wanted to test whether melatonin could reduce apoptosis and stress induced premature pancreatic β-cell senescence induced by glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHOD Cultured rodent pancreatic β-cell line (INS-1 cell) was used. Glucotoxicity (HG: hyperglycemia) and glucolipotoxicity (HGP: hyperglycemia with palmitate) were induced by hyperglycemia and the addition of palmitate. The degrees of the senescence were measured by SA-β-Gal and P16lnk4A staining along with the changes of cell viabilities, cell cycle-related protein and gene expressions, endogenous anti-oxidant defense enzymes, and Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion (GSIS), before and after melatonin treatment. RESULTS Cultured INS-1 cells in HG and HGP conditions revealed accelerated senescence, increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, compromised endogenous anti-oxidant defense, and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Melatonin decreased apoptosis and expressions of proteins related to senescence, increase the endogenous anti-oxidant defense, and improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. CONCLUSION Melatonin protected pancreatic β-cell from apoptosis, decreased expressions of the markers related to the accelerated senescence, and improved the biological deteriorations induced by glucotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sook Jung
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Nyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Paik Institute for Clinical Research, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Jeong Hyun Park Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan47392, Republic of Korea
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Bai J, Zhang L, Zhao Z, Li N, Wang B, Yang L. Expression of melatonin receptors and CD4 in the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy. Immunology 2020; 160:52-63. [PMID: 32052861 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As a pineal gland hormone, melatonin acts through its receptors to modulate the immune system. The immune system is composed of primary and secondary organs, and immune organs are adapted to the presence of the fetal alloantigen during pregnancy. However, it is unclear whether melatonin affects maternal immune organs during early pregnancy in sheep. In this study, the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver were sampled at day 16 of the oestrous cycle, and at days 13, 16 and 25 of pregnancy. The expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MT1), melatonin receptor 1B (MT2) and cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry experiments. Our results showed that during early pregnancy there was an upregulation of MT1 mRNA and protein in the thymus, lymph node and liver, and there was a downregulation in the spleen. The expression of MT2 mRNA and protein was increased in the thymus but decreased in the spleen and liver, and there was no significant change in the lymph node during early pregnancy. CD4 protein was upregulated in the thymus, lymph node and liver, but there were no significant changes in the spleen during early pregnancy. In conclusion, early pregnancy induces tissue-specific expression of MT1, MT2 and CD4, which may be due to the different functions of the thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver. Further, melatonin is involved in immune regulation of the maternal thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Bai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Zimo Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Melatonin's Antineoplastic Potential Against Glioblastoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030599. [PMID: 32138190 PMCID: PMC7140435 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most intransigent and aggressive brain tumors, and its treatment is extremely challenging and ineffective. To improve patients’ expectancy and quality of life, new therapeutic approaches were investigated. Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with an incredible variety of properties. Due to evidence demonstrating melatonin’s activity against several cancer hallmarks, there is growing interest in its use for preventing and treating cancer. In this review, we report on the potential effects of melatonin, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, against GBM. We also summarize melatonin targets and/or the intracellular pathways involved. Moreover, we describe melatonin’s epigenetic activity responsible for its antineoplastic effects. To date, there are too few clinical studies (involving a small number of patients) investigating the antineoplastic effects of melatonin against GBM. Nevertheless, these studies described improvement of GBM patients’ quality of life and did not show significant adverse effects. In this review, we also report on studies regarding melatonin-like molecules with the tumor-suppressive properties of melatonin together with implemented pharmacokinetics. Melatonin effects and mechanisms of action against GBM require more research attention due to the unquestionably high potential of this multitasking indoleamine in clinical practice.
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Nanoplastics Cause Neurobehavioral Impairments, Reproductive and Oxidative Damages, and Biomarker Responses in Zebrafish: Throwing up Alarms of Wide Spread Health Risk of Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041410. [PMID: 32093039 PMCID: PMC7073134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a growing global emergency and it could serve as a geological indicator of the Anthropocene era. Microplastics are potentially more hazardous than macroplastics, as the former can permeate biological membranes. The toxicity of microplastic exposure on humans and aquatic organisms has been documented, but the toxicity and behavioral changes of nanoplastics (NPs) in mammals are scarce. In spite of their small size, nanoplastics have an enormous surface area, which bears the potential to bind even bigger amounts of toxic compounds in comparison to microplastics. Here, we used polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) (diameter size at ~70 nm) to investigate the neurobehavioral alterations, tissue distribution, accumulation, and specific health risk of nanoplastics in adult zebrafish. The results demonstrated that PS-NPs accumulated in gonads, intestine, liver, and brain with a tissue distribution pattern that was greatly dependent on the size and shape of the NPs particle. Importantly, an analysis of multiple behavior endpoints and different biochemical biomarkers evidenced that PS-NPs exposure induced disturbance of lipid and energy metabolism as well as oxidative stress and tissue accumulation. Pronounced behavior alterations in their locomotion activity, aggressiveness, shoal formation, and predator avoidance behavior were exhibited by the high concentration of the PS-NPs group, along with the dysregulated circadian rhythm locomotion activity after its chronic exposure. Moreover, several important neurotransmitter biomarkers for neurotoxicity investigation were significantly altered after one week of PS-NPs exposure and these significant changes may indicate the potential toxicity from PS-NPs exposure. In addition, after ~1-month incubation, the fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed the accumulation and distribution of PS-NPs across zebrafish tissues, especially in gonads, which would possibly further affect fish reproductive function. Overall, our results provided new evidence for the adverse consequences of PS-NPs-induced behavioral dysregulation and changes at the molecular level that eventually reduce the survival fitness of zebrafish in the ecosystem.
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Bjørklund G, Rajib SA, Saffoon N, Pen JJ, Chirumbolo S. Insights on Melatonin as an Active Pharmacological Molecule in Cancer Prevention: What's New? Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6304-6320. [PMID: 29714136 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180501094850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with playing an important role in circadian rhythm, melatonin is thought to play a significant role in preventing cells from damage, as well as in the inhibition of growth and in triggering apoptosis in malignant cells. Its relationship with circadian rhythms, energetic homeostasis, diet, and metabolism, is fundamental to achieve a better comprehension of how melatonin has been considered a chemopreventive molecule, though very few papers dealing with this issue. In this article, we tried to review the most recent evidence regarding the protective as well as the antitumoral mechanisms of melatonin, as related to diet and metabolic balance. From different studies, it was evident that an intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism is activated by upregulating an antioxidant gene battery in the presence of high-dose melatonin in malignant cells. Like other broad-spectrum antioxidant molecules, melatonin plays a vital role in killing tumor cells, preventing metastasis, and simultaneously keeping normal cells protected from oxidative stress and other types of tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Nadia Saffoon
- Department of Pharmacy and Forensic Science, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joeri J Pen
- Diabetes Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nutrition, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Landon LB, Douglas GL, Downs ME, Greene MR, Whitmire AM, Zwart SR, Roma PG. The Behavioral Biology of Teams: Multidisciplinary Contributions to Social Dynamics in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2571. [PMID: 31824374 PMCID: PMC6883946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Teams in isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) environments face many risks to behavioral health, social dynamics, and team performance. Complex long-duration ICE operational settings such as spaceflight and military deployments are largely closed systems with tightly coupled components, often operating as autonomous microsocieties within isolated ecosystems. As such, all components of the system are presumed to interact and can positively or negatively influence team dynamics through direct or indirect pathways. However, modern team science frameworks rarely consider inputs to the team system from outside the social and behavioral sciences and rarely incorporate biological factors despite the brain and associated neurobiological systems as the nexus of input from the environment and necessary substrate for emergent team dynamics and performance. Here, we provide a high-level overview of several key neurobiological systems relevant to social dynamics. We then describe several key components of ICE systems that can interact with and on neurobiological systems as individual-level inputs influencing social dynamics over the team life cycle-specifically food and nutrition, exercise and physical activity, sleep/wake/work rhythms, and habitat design and layout. Finally, we identify opportunities and strategic considerations for multidisciplinary research and development. Our overarching goal is to encourage multidisciplinary expansion of team science through (1) prospective horizontal integration of variables outside the current bounds of team science as significant inputs to closed ICE team systems and (2) bidirectional vertical integration of biology as the necessary inputs and mediators of individual and team behavioral health and performance. Prospective efforts to account for the behavioral biology of teams in ICE settings through an integrated organizational neuroscience approach will enable the field of team science to better understand and support teams who work, live, serve, and explore in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Blackwell Landon
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Grace L. Douglas
- Advanced Food Technology, Human Systems Engineering and Development Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meghan E. Downs
- Human Physiology, Performance, Protection, and Operations Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maya R. Greene
- Usability Testing and Analysis Facility, Human Systems Engineering and Development Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Whitmire
- Human Factors and Behavioral Performance Element, Human Research Program, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sara R. Zwart
- Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, University of Texas Medical Branch/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter G. Roma
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Raza Z, Naureen Z. Melatonin ameliorates the drug induced nephrotoxicity: Molecular insights. Nefrologia 2019; 40:12-25. [PMID: 31735377 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a frequent adverse event that can lead to acute or chronic kidney disease and increase the healthcare expenditure. It has high morbidity and mortality incidence in 40-70% of renal injuries and accounts for 66% cases of renal failure in elderly population. OBJECTIVE Amelioration of drug-induced nephrotoxicity has been long soughed to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic drugs. This study was conducted to review the melatonin potential to prevent the pathogenesis of nephrotoxicity induced by important nephrotoxic drugs. METHODS We analyzed the relevant studies indexed in Pubmed, Medline, Scielo and Web of science to explain the molecular improvements following melatonin co-administration with special attention to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis as key players of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. RESULTS A robust consensus among researchers of these studies suggested that melatonin efficiently eradicate the chain reaction of free radical production and induced the endogenous antioxidant enzymes which attenuate the lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes and subcellular oxidative stress in drug-induced nephrotoxicity. This agreement was further supported by the melatonin role in disintegration of inflammatory process through inhibition of principle pro-inflammatory or apoptotic cytokines such as TNF-α and NF-κB. These studies highlighted that alleviation of drug-induced renal toxicity is a function of melatonin potential to down regulate the cellular inflammatory and oxidative injury process and to stimulate the cellular repair or defensive mechanisms. CONCLUSION The comprehensive nephroprotection and safer profile suggests the melatonin to be a useful adjunct to improve the safety of nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Raza
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Zainab Naureen
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhu G, Ma B, Dong P, Shang J, Gu X, Zi Y. Melatonin promotes osteoblastic differentiation and regulates PDGF/AKT signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:402-411. [PMID: 31535749 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhu
- Graduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA Shenyang Liaoning 110042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Ma
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065 People's Republic of China
| | - Penghong Dong
- Graduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA Shenyang Liaoning 110042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjun Shang
- Graduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA Shenyang Liaoning 110042 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai HospitalSecond Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Emergency MedicineGraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University463 Hospital of Chinese PLA Shenyang Liaoning 110042 People's Republic of China
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Bhattacharya S, Patel KK, Dehari D, Agrawal AK, Singh S. Melatonin and its ubiquitous anticancer effects. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:133-155. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yin and Yang: Why did evolution implement and preserve the circadian rhythmicity? Med Hypotheses 2019; 131:109306. [PMID: 31443763 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Yin and Yang concept emphasizes the reciprocal and interrelated nature; neither is sufficient, both are needed to sustain the overall balance of the living system. Changing the balance, by implementing deficiency or excess of one of them, upsets the equilibrium (homeostasis) of the whole system. PURPOSE In this opinion article intermittent exposure is presented as the stimulus for development and evolutionary conservation of circadian rhythm, an endogenous, entrainable oscillation of approximately 24 h, to counteract/balance the cells' natural tendency to attenuate their response during long-term exposure to different endogenous substances. RESULTS The concept of Yin and Yang duality is an allegory on which the avoidance of attenuation of the cells' responses hypothesis is presented as an explanation for the circadian rhythmicity, which is integrated in all human cells, with the exception of stem and cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize, that circadian rhythmicity has evolved, during evolution, into a mechanism that prevents disruption of the organism's negative-feedback-loop homeostasis.
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Abramova R, Campbell P, Baron J, Patel K, Parmar S. Review of Melatonin Supplementation for Sleep Disorders in Pediatric Special Populations. J Pharm Pract 2019; 33:533-539. [PMID: 31106650 DOI: 10.1177/0897190019845982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which pediatric populations, if any, benefit from exogenous melatonin supplementation. METHODS PubMed was utilized for the purposes of this systematic review. The studies selected evaluated melatonin use in pediatric special populations and included randomized controlled trials, crossover studies, and meta-analyses. Each study's objectives, measures of outcomes, and dosing strategies of melatonin were reviewed along with the results and author's conclusions. RESULTS Our analysis of the available data offers mixed results and recommendations with regard to the decision of whether to add supplementation of melatonin. CONCLUSION With further regulation of melatonin supplements, it may be plausible to hold larger, multicenter trials and come to a firm recommendation in the future. At this time, we believe that the benefit of exogenous melatonin supplementation outweighs the risks of adverse events and therefore would recommend its use in aiding patients in improving their sleep. Exogenous supplementation with melatonin should be used at the physician's and patient's discretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abramova
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Campbell
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Baron
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khilna Patel
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sapna Parmar
- Northwell Health/Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ghareghani M, Scavo L, Jand Y, Farhadi N, Sadeghi H, Ghanbari A, Mondello S, Arnoult D, Gharaghani S, Zibara K. Melatonin Therapy Modulates Cerebral Metabolism and Enhances Remyelination by Increasing PDK4 in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:147. [PMID: 30873027 PMCID: PMC6403148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disturbances have been implicated in demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Melatonin, a naturally occurring hormone, has emerged as a potent neuroprotective candidate to reduce myelin loss and improve MS outcomes. In this study, we evaluated the effect of melatonin, at both physiological and pharmacological doses, on oligodendrocytes metabolism in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS. Results showed that melatonin decreased neurological disability scores and enhanced remyelination, significantly increasing myelin protein levels including MBP, MOG, and MOBP. In addition, melatonin attenuated inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). Moreover, melatonin significantly increased brain concentrations of lactate, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR). Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) mRNA and protein expression levels were also increased in melatonin-treated, compared to untreated EAE mice. However, melatonin significantly inhibited active and total pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), an enzyme under the control of PDK4. In summary, although PDC activity was reduced by melatonin, it caused a reduction in inflammatory mediators while stimulating oligodendrogenesis, suggesting that oligodendrocytes are forced to use an alternative pathway to synthesize fatty acids for remyelination. We propose that combining melatonin and PDK inhibitors may provide greater benefits for MS patients than the use of melatonin therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Linda Scavo
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Yahya Jand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Farhadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Damien Arnoult
- INSERM U 1197, Laboratory of Stem Cells, Transplantation and Immunoregulation, Villejuif, France
| | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Platform of Research and Analysis in Sciences and Environment (PRASE), Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Pourhanifeh MH, Mahdavinia M, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. Potential use of melatonin in skin cancer treatment: A review of current biological evidence. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12142-12148. [PMID: 30618091 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, is a leading cause of death worldwide. The therapeutic methods for this malignancy are not effective, and due to the side effects of these treatments, applying an appropriate alternative or complementary treatment is important. According to available data, melatonin as the main product of the pineal gland has oncostatic and antitumoral properties. Also, melatonin acts as an anti-inflammatory and reactive oxygen species inducer agent which suppresses the growth of tumors. It also has apoptosis induction characteristics through regulating signaling pathways, including heat shock protein 70, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 and others. Thus, adding melatonin to chemo- and radiotherapy may have synergistic therapeutic effects and increase the survival time in patients with skin cancer. Few clinical studies have evaluated the efficacy of melatonin in skin cancer. Based on the related mechanisms, this review discusses about how melatonin may improve outcomes in skin cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
| | - Mostafa Mahdavinia
- Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I. R. Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran
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Tuna Edizer D, Dönmez Z, Gül M, Yiğit Ö, Yiğitcan B, Adatepe T, Uzun N. Effects of Melatonin and Dexamethasone on Facial Nerve Neurorrhaphy. J Int Adv Otol 2018; 15:43-50. [PMID: 30541731 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of topical and systemic administrations of melatonin and dexamethasone on facial nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 50 male albino Wistar rats underwent facial nerve axotomy and neurorrhaphy. The animals were divided into 5 groups: control, topical melatonin, systemic melatonin, topical dexamethasone, and systemic dexamethasone. Nerve conduction studies were performed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after drug administrations. Amplitude and latency of the compound muscle action potentials were recorded. Coapted facial nerves were investigated under light and electron microscopy. Nerve diameter, axon diameter, and myelin thickness were recorded quantitatively. RESULTS Amplitudes decreased and latencies increased in both the melatonin and dexamethasone groups. At the final examination, the electrophysiological evidence of facial nerve degeneration was not significantly different between the groups. Histopathological examinations revealed the largest nerve diameter in the melatonin groups, followed by the dexamethasone and control groups (p<0.05). Axon diameter of the control group was smaller than those of the melatonin (topical and systemic) and topical dexamethasone groups (p<0.05). The melatonin groups had almost normal myelin ultrastructure. CONCLUSION Electrophysiological evaluation did not reveal any potential benefit of dexamethasone and melatonin in contrast to histopathological examination, which revealed beneficial effects of melatonin in particular. These agents may increase the regeneration of facial nerves, but electrophysiological evidence of regeneration may appear later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna Edizer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Dönmez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Özgür Yiğit
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Birgül Yiğitcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Turgut Adatepe
- Department of Electrophysiology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Uzun
- Department of Neurology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
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Vlachou M, Kikionis S, Siamidi A, Tragou K, Ioannou E, Roussis V, Tsotinis A. Modified In Vitro Release of Melatonin Loaded in Nanofibrous Electrospun Mats Incorporated Into Monolayered and Three-Layered Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:970-976. [PMID: 30312723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Modified release tablet formulations with melatonin (MLT) are clinically more useful in initiating and maintaining sleep in elderly insomniacs, compared with those designed for immediate release. Aiming at the modified release of MLT, monolayered and 3-layered tablets, incorporating nanofibrous mats composed of cellulose acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone loaded with MLT, were prepared and studied. In vitro dissolution profiles of MLT in gastrointestinal-like fluids revealed tableting pressure/pH-dependence. The release of the hormone from physical mixture tablets was generally slower from the nanofibers-based tablets, thus exhibiting in the latter case properties that are necessary for the control of both the sleep-onset and the maintenance dysfunctions. The nature of the excipients (hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or lactose monohydrate) used in this study to produce 3-layered tablets was also found to affect the release of MLT, adjusting it to the endogenous hormone's chronobiotic profile. The release of MLT from formulation F(nf)2 (nanofiber mats incorporated into 3-layered tablets containing lactose monohydrate both in the upper and lower layers) was found to be in closer alignment with these effects than the other delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vlachou
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefanos Kikionis
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tragou
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Tsotinis
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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49
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Ran D, Xie B, Gan Z, Sun X, Gu H, Yang J. Melatonin attenuates hLRRK2-induced long-term memory deficit in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:221-226. [PMID: 30271597 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), the role of human leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (hLRRK2) in the efficacy of PD treatment is a focus of study. Our previous study demonstrated that mushroom body (MB) expression of hLRRK2 in Drosophila could recapitulate the clinical feature of sleep disturbances observed in PD patients, and melatonin (MT) treatment could attenuate the hLRRK2-induced sleep disorders and synaptic dysfunction, suggesting the therapeutic potential of MT in PD patients carrying hLRRK2 mutations; however, no further study into the impacts on memory deficit was conducted. Therefore, in the current paper, the study of the effects of MT on hLRRK2 flies was continued, to determine its potential role in the improvement of memory deficit in PD. To achieve this, the Drosophila learning and memory phases, including short- and long-term memory, were recorded; furthermore, the effect of MT on calcium channel activity during neurotransmission was detected using electrophysiology patch clamp recordings. It was demonstrated that MT treatment reversed hLRRK2-induced long-term memory deficits in Drosophila; furthermore, MT reduced MB calcium channel activities. These findings suggest that MT may exerts therapeutic effects on the long-term memory of PD patients via calcium channel modulation, thus providing indication of its potential to maintain cognitive function in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Baogang Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zongjie Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xicui Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21042, USA
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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50
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Bonomini F, Borsani E, Favero G, Rodella LF, Rezzani R. Dietary Melatonin Supplementation Could Be a Promising Preventing/Therapeutic Approach for a Variety of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091135. [PMID: 30134592 PMCID: PMC6164189 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the therapeutic strategies, the role of diet is a well-established factor that can also have an important role in liver diseases. Melatonin, identified in animals, has many antioxidant properties and it was after discovered also in plants, named phytomelatonin. These substances have a positive effect during aging and in pathological conditions too. In particular, it is important to underline that the amount of melatonin produced by pineal gland in human decreases during lifetime and its reduction in blood could be related to pathological conditions in which mitochondria and oxidative stress play a pivotal role. Moreover, it has been indicated that melatonin/phytomelatonin containing foods may provide dietary melatonin, so their ingestion through balanced diets could be sufficient to confer health benefits. In this review, the classification of liver diseases and an overview of the most important aspects of melatonin/phytomelatonin, concerning the differences among their synthesis, their presence in foods and their role in health and diseases, are summarized. The findings suggest that melatonin/phytomelatonin supplementation with diet should be considered important in preventing different disease settings, in particular in liver. Currently, more studies are needed to strengthen the potential beneficial effects of melatonin/phytomelatonin in liver diseases and to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Borsani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luigi F Rodella
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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