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Piégu B, Lefort G, Douet C, Milhes M, Jacques A, Lareyre JJ, Monget P, Fouchécourt S. A first complete catalog of highly expressed genes in eight chicken tissues reveals uncharacterized gene families specific for the chicken testis. Physiol Genomics 2024; 56:445-456. [PMID: 38497118 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00151.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on next-generation sequencing, we established a repertoire of differentially overexpressed genes (DoEGs) in eight adult chicken tissues: the testis, brain, lung, liver, kidney, muscle, heart, and intestine. With 4,499 DoEGs, the testis had the highest number and proportion of DoEGs compared with the seven somatic tissues. The testis DoEG set included the highest proportion of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs; 1,851, representing 32% of the lncRNA genes in the whole genome) and the highest proportion of protein-coding genes (2,648, representing 14.7% of the protein-coding genes in the whole genome). The main significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms related to the protein-coding genes were "reproductive process," "tubulin binding," and "microtubule cytoskeleton." Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed the overexpression of genes that encode proteins already described in chicken sperm [such as calcium binding tyrosine phosphorylation regulated (CABYR), spermatogenesis associated 18 (SPATA18), and CDK5 regulatory subunit associated protein (CDK5RAP2)] but whose testis origin had not been previously confirmed. Moreover, we demonstrated the overexpression of vertebrate orthologs of testis genes not yet described in the adult chicken testis [such as NIMA related kinase 2 (NEK2), adenylate kinase 7 (AK7), and CCNE2]. Using clustering according to primary sequence homology, we found that 1,737 of the 2,648 (67%) testis protein-coding genes were unique genes. This proportion was significantly higher than the somatic tissues except muscle. We clustered the other 911 testis protein-coding genes into 495 families, from which 47 had all paralogs overexpressed in the testis. Among these 47 testis-specific families, eight contained uncharacterized duplicated paralogs without orthologs in other metazoans except birds: these families are thus specific for chickens/birds.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Comparative next-generation sequencing analysis of eight chicken tissues showed that the testis has highest proportion of long noncoding RNA and protein-coding genes of the whole genome. We identified new genes in the chicken testis, including orthologs of known mammalian testicular genes. We also identified 47 gene families in which all the members were overexpressed, if not exclusive, in the testis. Eight families, organized in duplication clusters, were unknown, without orthologs in metazoans except birds, and are thus specific for chickens/birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Piégu
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gaëlle Lefort
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Cécile Douet
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Milhes
- US 1426, GeT-PlaGe, Genotoul, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Aurore Jacques
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lareyre
- UR1037 LPGP, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Monget
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Fouchécourt
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
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Liu S, Ezran C, Wang MFZ, Li Z, Awayan K, Long JZ, De Vlaminck I, Wang S, Epelbaum J, Kuo CS, Terrien J, Krasnow MA, Ferrell JE. An organism-wide atlas of hormonal signaling based on the mouse lemur single-cell transcriptome. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2188. [PMID: 38467625 PMCID: PMC10928088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormones mediate long-range cell communication and play vital roles in physiology, metabolism, and health. Traditionally, endocrinologists have focused on one hormone or organ system at a time. Yet, hormone signaling by its very nature connects cells of different organs and involves crosstalk of different hormones. Here, we leverage the organism-wide single cell transcriptional atlas of a non-human primate, the mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), to systematically map source and target cells for 84 classes of hormones. This work uncovers previously-uncharacterized sites of hormone regulation, and shows that the hormonal signaling network is densely connected, decentralized, and rich in feedback loops. Evolutionary comparisons of hormonal genes and their expression patterns show that mouse lemur better models human hormonal signaling than mouse, at both the genomic and transcriptomic levels, and reveal primate-specific rewiring of hormone-producing/target cells. This work complements the scale and resolution of classical endocrine studies and sheds light on primate hormone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille Ezran
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhengda Li
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Awayan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Christin S Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jérémy Terrien
- Adaptive Mechanisms and Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179, National Center for Scientific Research, National Museum of Natural History, Brunoy, France
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Matsuyama S, DeFalco T. Steroid hormone signaling: multifaceted support of testicular function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1339385. [PMID: 38250327 PMCID: PMC10796553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1339385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Embryonic development and adult physiology are dependent on the action of steroid hormones. In particular, the reproductive system is reliant on hormonal signaling to promote gonadal function and to ensure fertility. Here we will describe hormone receptor functions and their impacts on testicular function, focusing on a specific group of essential hormones: androgens, estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone. In addition to focusing on hormone receptor function and localization within the testis, we will highlight the effects of altered receptor signaling, including the consequences of reduced and excess signaling activity. These hormones act through various cellular pathways and receptor types, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted research approach to understand their critical roles in testicular function. Hormones exhibit intricate interactions with each other, as evidenced, for example, by the antagonistic effects of progesterone on mineralocorticoid receptors and cortisol's impact on androgens. In light of research findings in the field demonstrating an intricate interplay between hormones, a systems biology approach is crucial for a nuanced understanding of this complex hormonal network. This review can serve as a resource for further investigation into hormonal support of male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Matsuyama
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Reproductive Sciences Center, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Moutard L, Goudin C, Jaeger C, Duparc C, Louiset E, Pereira T, Fraissinet F, Delessard M, Saulnier J, Rives-Feraille A, Delalande C, Lefebvre H, Rives N, Dumont L, Rondanino C. Steroidogenesis and androgen/estrogen signaling pathways are altered in in vitro matured testicular tissues of prepubertal mice. eLife 2023; 12:RP85562. [PMID: 38095307 PMCID: PMC10721218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Children undergoing cancer treatments are at risk for impaired fertility. Cryopreserved prepubertal testicular biopsies could theoretically be later matured in vitro to produce spermatozoa for assisted reproductive technology. A complete in vitro spermatogenesis has been obtained from mouse prepubertal testicular tissue, although with low efficiency. Steroid hormones are essential for the progression of spermatogenesis, the aim of this study was to investigate steroidogenesis and steroid signaling in organotypic cultures. Histological, RT-qPCR, western blot analyses, and steroid hormone measurements were performed on in vitro cultured mouse prepubertal testicular tissues and age-matched in vivo controls. Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cells and steroidogenic markers were decreased. Increased amounts of progesterone and estradiol and reduced androstenedione levels were observed at D30, together with decreased transcript levels of steroid metabolizing genes and steroid target genes. hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis, and improve sperm yield. In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. The organotypic culture system will need to be further improved before it can be translated into clinics for childhood cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moutard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Caroline Goudin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Catherine Jaeger
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Céline Duparc
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Estelle Louiset
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Tony Pereira
- Department of General Biochemistry, Rouen University HospitalRouenFrance
| | | | - Marion Delessard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Justine Saulnier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Aurélie Rives-Feraille
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | | | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Ludovic Dumont
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, Normandie Univ, NorDiC UMR 1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, F-76000RouenFrance
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5
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Tabęcka-Łonczyńska A, Kaczka P, Kaleniuk E. Involvement of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and impairment of steroidogenesis after exposure to tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) in mouse spermatogenic (GC-1 spg) cells in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106398. [PMID: 37703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Good-quality reproductive cells are essential for reproduction. Endocrine disruptors are widely available in the environment and are known to have an adverse effect on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. One of them is tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC), i.e. one of the novel brominated flame retardants (NBFR). TBC is a widely distributed ingredient used in the production of flame retardants. Currently, it is known to affect the hormonal system, but the exact mechanism of its action is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine whether TBC alone and in cotreatment with BHPI (estrogen receptor alpha antagonist) has an impact on the expression of nuclear receptors involved in the formation of steroid hormones, proteins, and enzymes responsible for steroidogenesis and the levels of steroid hormones (E2, P4, and T) in the GC-1 spg cell line as a mouse model of spermatogenic cells in vitro. Our results indicate that ERα is involved in the mechanism of TBC action, while no activation of PPARγ, AhR, and IGF-1R was observed. In addition, a decrease in the levels of most of the analyzed proteins and enzymes involved in steroid conversion was observed. Only Cyp19a1 was upregulated after TBC, BHPI, and TBC with BHPI cotreatment. In all the analyzed groups, a significant decrease in P4 and a subtle decrease in T and E2 were observed in the production and secretion of the hormones to the culture medium, compared to the control. The obtained results confirm the involvement of TBC in the dysregulation of steroid biosynthesis, which may affect male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tabęcka-Łonczyńska
- Department Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczka
- PRO-NOO-BIOTICS Sp. z o.o., 39 Warszawska, 35-205 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kaleniuk
- Department Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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Wang C, Meriggiola MC, Amory JK, Barratt CLR, Behre HM, Bremner WJ, Ferlin A, Honig S, Kopa Z, Lo K, Nieschlag E, Page ST, Sandlow J, Sitruk-Ware R, Swerdloff RS, Wu FCW, Goulis DG. Practice and development of male contraception: European Academy of Andrology and American Society of Andrology guidelines. Andrology 2023. [PMID: 37727884 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Despite a wide spectrum of contraceptive methods for women, the unintended pregnancy rate remains high (45% in the US), with 50% resulting in abortion. Currently, 20% of global contraceptive use is male-directed, with a wide variation among countries due to limited availability and lack of efficacy. Worldwide studies indicate that >50% of men would opt to use a reversible method, and 90% of women would rely on their partner to use a contraceptive. Additional reasons for novel male contraceptive methods to be available include the increased life expectancy, sharing the reproductive risks among partners, social issues, the lack of pharma industry involvement and the lack of opinion makers advocating for male contraception. AIM The present guidelines aim to review the status regarding male contraception, the current state of the art to support the clinical practice, recommend minimal requirements for new male contraceptive development and provide and grade updated, evidence-based recommendations from the European Society of Andrology (EAA) and the American Society of Andrology (ASA). METHODS An expert panel of academicians appointed by the EAA and the ASA generated a consensus guideline according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. RESULTS Sixty evidence-based and graded recommendations were produced on couple-centered communication, behaviors, barrier methods, semen analysis and contraceptive efficacy, physical agents, surgical methods, actions before initiating male contraception, hormonal methods, non-hormonal methods, vaccines, and social and ethical considerations. CONCLUSION As gender roles transform and gender equity is established in relationships, the male contribution to family planning must be facilitated. Efficient and safe male-directed methods must be evaluated and introduced into clinical practice, preferably reversible, either hormonal or non-hormonal. From a future perspective, identifying new hormonal combinations, suitable testicular targets, and emerging vas occlusion methods will produce novel molecules and products for male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Lundquist Insitute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Meriggiola
- Division of Gynecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher L R Barratt
- Division of Systems and Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Ninewells Hospital, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Hermann M Behre
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Medicine Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - William J Bremner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stanton Honig
- Division of Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zsolt Kopa
- Department of Urology, Andrology Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kirk Lo
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eberhard Nieschlag
- Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jay Sandlow
- Department of Urology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Regine Sitruk-Ware
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Frederick C W Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ogawa K, Isaji O. Testosterone upregulates progesterone production in mouse testicular interstitial macrophages, whose niche likely provides properties of progesterone production to tissue-resident macrophages. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100767. [PMID: 37201477 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The niche of the macrophages (Mø) residence concept is now accepted; Mø colonize tissue/organ-specific microenvironments (niches) that shape Mø to perform tissue/organ-specific functions. Recently, we developed a simple propagation method for tissue-resident Mø by mixed culture with the respective tissue/organ-residing cells acting as the niche and demonstrated that testicular interstitial Mø propagated by mixed culture with testicular interstitial cells showing properties of Leydig cells in culture (we termed them "testicular Mø niche cells") produce progesterone (P4) de novo. Based on previous evidence of testosterone production downregulation in Leydig cells by P4 and androgen receptor expression in testicular Mø, we proposed a local feedback loop of testosterone production between Leydig cells and testicular interstitial Mø. To verify this hypothesis, we further examined P4 de novo production in propagated testicular interstitial Mø treated with testosterone using ELISA and found that exogenous testosterone upregulates P4 production in testicular interstitial Mø. Thus, testosterone production, which is controlled by the local feedback loop, likely becomes more reliable. Moreover, we examined whether tissue-resident Mø other than testicular interstitial Mø can be transformed into P4-producing cells by mixed culture with testicular Mø niche cells: using RT-PCR and ELISA we found that splenic Mø newly acquired P4 production properties by mixed-culturing with testicular Mø niche cells for 7 days. This likely indicates the substantiative in vitro evidence on the niche concept and possibly opens the door to using P4-secreting Mø as a transplantation tool for clinical application due to the migratory property of Mø into inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| | - Outa Isaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Life, Environment, and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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8
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Meena R, Bharti S. Effect of anti-estrogen and anti-progesterone on spermatogenesis, testosterone production and expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes in adult male rats. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100749. [PMID: 36867990 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the anti-spermatogenic and anti-steroidogenic effects of Clomiphene Citrate (CC) an anti-estrogen and Mifepristone (MT) an anti-progesterone in the testis of male rats. Following the oral administration of 1.0 mg and 5.0 mg/kg b.w/day of each for the duration of 30 and 60 days, quantitation of spermatogenesis, RIA for serum and intra-testicular testosterone levels, western blotting and RT-PCR for expression of StAR, 3β-HSD and P450arom enzymes in the testis was done. Clomiphene Citrate at 5.0 mg/kg b.w/day for 60 days significantly reduced testosterone (T) levels however the effect was not significant with the lower doses. Reproductive parameters in animals treated by Mifepristone remained mostly unaffected, however, a significant decline in testosterone levels and altered expression of selected genes was observed in 5.0 mg for the 30d treatment group. Clomiphene Citrate at higher doses affected the weights of the testis and secondary sex organs. Seminiferous tubules revealed hypo-spermatogenesis with a significant decrease in the number of maturing germ cells and a reduction in tubular diameter. Attenuation in serum testosterone was associated with the downregulation of expression in StAR, 3β-HSD, and P450arom mRNA and protein levels in the testis even after 30 d of CC administration. The results indicate that the anti-estrogen (Clomiphene Citrate) but not anti-progesterone (Mifepristone) induces hypo-spermatogenesis in rats which are associated with a downregulation of expression of two of the steroidogenic enzymes, 3β-HSD and P450arom mRNA and StAR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Meena
- Department of Reproductive Biomedicine, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare, Baba Gang Nath Marg, Munirka, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Shilpa Bharti
- Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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9
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Haddad M, Khazali H, Janahmadi M, Ghanbarian H. Inhibition of the retinal orexin receptors affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis through retinal pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in male Wistar rats. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 337:114242. [PMID: 36801394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Orexins A and B (OXA and OXB) and their receptors are expressed in the retina of both human and rodents and play a vital role in regulating signal transmission circuits in the retina. There is an anatomical-physiological relationship between the retinal ganglion cells and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through glutamate as a neurotransmitter and retinal pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a co-transmitter. SCN is the main brain center for regulating the circadian rhythm, which governs the reproductive axis. The impact of retinal orexin receptors on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has not been investigated. Retinal OX1R or/and OX2R in adult male rats by 3 µl of SB-334867 (1 µg) or/and 3 µl of JNJ-10397049 (2 µg) were antagonized via intravitreal injection (IVI). Four time-periods were considered (3, 6, 12, and 24 h) for the controls without any treatment, SB-334867, JNJ-10397049, and SB-334867 + JNJ-10397049 groups. Antagonizing retinal OX1R or/and OX2R resulted in a significant elevation of retinal PACAP expression compared to control animals. In addition, expression of GnRH increased non-significantly in the hypothalamus over the 6 h of the study, and the serum concentration of LH decreased significantly in the SB-334867 group after 3 h of injection. Furthermore, testosterone serum levels declined significantly, especially within 3 h of injection; serum levels of progesterone were also exposed to a significant rise at least within 3 h of injection. However, the retinal PACAP expression changes were mediated by OX1R more effectively than by OX2R. In this study, we report the retinal orexins and their receptors as light-independent factors by which the retina affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haddad
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoun Khazali
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Zhai G, Shu T, Yu G, Tang H, Shi C, Jia J, Lou Q, Dai X, Jin X, He J, Xiao W, Liu X, Yin Z. Augmentation of progestin signaling rescues testis organization and spermatogenesis in zebrafish with the depletion of androgen signaling. eLife 2022; 11:e66118. [PMID: 35225789 PMCID: PMC8912926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of androgen signaling is known to cause testicular malformation and defective spermatogenesis in zebrafish. However, knockout of cyp17a1, a key enzyme responsible for the androgen synthesis, in ar-/- male zebrafish paradoxically causes testicular hypertrophy and enhanced spermatogenesis. Because Cyp17a1 plays key roles in hydroxylation of pregnenolone and progesterone (P4), and converts 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione, we hypothesize that the unexpected phenotype in cyp17a1-/-;androgen receptor (ar)-/- zebrafish may be mediated through an augmentation of progestin/nuclear progestin receptor (nPgr) signaling. In support of this hypothesis, we show that knockout of cyp17a1 leads to accumulation of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and P4. Further, administration of progestin, a synthetic DHP mimetic, is sufficient to rescue testicular development and spermatogenesis in ar-/- zebrafish, whereas knockout of npgr abolishes the rescue effect of cyp17a1-/- in the cyp17a1-/-;ar-/- double mutant. Analyses of the transcriptomes among the mutants with defective testicular organization and spermatogenesis (ar-/-, ar-/-;npgr-/- and cyp17a-/-;ar-/-;npgr-/-), those with normal phenotype (control and cyp17a1-/-), and rescued phenotype (cyp17a1-/-;ar-/-) reveal a common link between a downregulated expression of insl3 and its related downstream genes in cyp17a-/-;ar-/-;npgr-/- zebrafish. Taken together, our data suggest that genetic or pharmacological augmentation of the progestin/nPgr pathway is sufficient to restore testis organization and spermatogenesis in zebrafish with the depletion of androgen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tingting Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges CorporationHubeiChina
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haipei Tang
- 5State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jingyi Jia
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiyong Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xiangyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development and Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Jiangyan He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- 5State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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11
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Yamauchi S, Yamamoto K, Ogawa K. Testicular Macrophages Produce Progesterone De Novo Promoted by cAMP and Inhibited by M1 Polarization Inducers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020487. [PMID: 35203696 PMCID: PMC8962427 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (Mø) originating from fetal precursors are maintained via self-renewal under tissue-/organ-specific microenvironments. Herein, we developed a propagation method of testicular tissue-resident Mø in mixed primary culture with interstitial cells composed of Leydig cells from the mouse testis. We examined Mø/monocyte marker expression in propagated testicular Mø using flow cytometry; gene expression involved in testosterone production as well as spermatogenesis in testicular Mø and interstitial cells propagated by mixed culture via RT-PCR; and progesterone (P4) de novo production in propagated testicular Mø treated with cyclic adenosine monophosphate, isoproterenol, and M1 polarization inducers using ELISA. Mø marker expression patterns in the propagated Mø were identical to those in testicular interstitial Mø with a CD206-positive/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II-negative M2 phenotype. We identified the genes involved in P4 production, transcription factors essential for steroidogenesis, and androgen receptors, and showed that P4 production de novo was upregulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and β2-adrenergic stimulation and was downregulated by M1 polarization stimulation in Mø. We also demonstrated the formation of gap junctions between Leydig cells and interstitial Mø. This is the first study to demonstrate de novo P4 production in tissue-resident Mø. Based on previous studies revealing inhibition of testosterone production by P4, we propose that local feedback machinery between Leydig cells and adjacent interstitial Mø regulates testosterone production. The results presented in this study can facilitate future studies on immune-endocrine interactions in gonads that are related to infertility and hormonal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Life, Environment and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kousuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Life, Environment and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kazushige Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Savard C, Gawhary S, Boyer A, Chorfi Y. Assessment of Zearalenone-Induced Cell Survival and of Global Gene Regulation in Mouse TM4 Sertoli Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020098. [PMID: 35202126 PMCID: PMC8874968 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal xenoestrogen mycotoxin produced by many Fusarium fungal species, which are common contaminants of cereal crops destined for worldwide human and animal consumption. ZEA has been reported in various male reproduction dysfonctions, including decreased fertility potential. In this report, the direct effect of ZEA on the immature Sertoli TM4 cell line was evaluated. The results show that high concentrations of ZEA increase reactive oxygen species via the activation of MAPK signaling. Transcriptome analysis was performed on the TM4 cell line treated with ZEA, and genes involved in sex differentiation (Fgfr2, Igf1, Notch1, Sox9) and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation (Ctgf, Fam20a, Fbn1, Mmp9, Postn, Sparcl1, Spp1) were identified at the center of the functional protein association network, suggesting that ZEA could be detrimental to the early steps of Sertoli cell differentiation.
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13
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Carver JJ, Carrell SC, Chilton MW, Brown JN, Yong L, Zhu Y, Issa FA. Nuclear androgen and progestin receptors inversely affect aggression and social dominance in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). Horm Behav 2021; 134:105012. [PMID: 34153924 PMCID: PMC8403641 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aggression is a fundamental behavior displayed universally among animal species, but hyper- or hypo-aggressiveness can be maladaptive with negative consequences for individuals and group members. While the social and ecological significance of aggression is well understood, the specific neurobiological and hormonal mechanisms responsible for mediating aggression have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown a relationship between aggressive acts and circulating gonadal steroids, but whether classical nuclear steroid receptors regulate aggression in animals is still uncertain. We examined whether the nuclear androgen receptor (Ar) and nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr) were necessary for aggressive behaviors and maintenance of a dominance relationship in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). Dyadic social interactions of Ar knockout (ArKO), Pgr knockout (PgrKO) and wildtype (WT) controls were observed for two weeks (2-weeks). ArKO zebrafish were significantly less aggressive and had a less defined dominance relationship, whereas PgrKO dominant zebrafish were significantly and persistently more aggressive with a robust dominance relationship. Our results demonstrate the importance of nuclear steroid hormone receptors in regulating aggression of adult male zebrafish and provide new models for understanding of the mechanisms of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Carver
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA
| | - Skyler C Carrell
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA
| | - Matthew W Chilton
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA
| | - Julia N Brown
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA
| | - Lengxob Yong
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA.
| | - Fadi A Issa
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27285, USA.
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14
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Hu J, Ge W, Xiao L, Zeng J, Lv J, Ding Z, Wang W, Duan H, Li F. Assessment of progesterone synthesis and its regulation role on dihydrotestosterone secretion in sheep epididymis. Gene 2021; 790:145699. [PMID: 33964380 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is an anti-androgen compound whose role in sperm maturation and functionality remains unclear in sheep. Here, we aimed to investigate the regulation mechanism of P4 on the epididymal secretion of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). To this end, we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect P4 concentration as well as StAR, P450scc, and 3β-HSD expression in sheep epididymis. Besides, cauda epithelial cells were cultured at different concentrations of P4 (10-9-10-5 g ml-1) as well as with or without the P4 receptor (PGR) inhibitor RU486 (10-7 M) or the PI3K-AKT inhibitor LY294006 (10-7 M) to explore the effect of P4 on DHT secretion and the underlying regulatory mechanism. The results showed that the caput, corpus, and cauda of sheep epididymis could synthesize P4 but had different synthesis ability. The PGR expression levels were the highest in the cauda, followed by the corpus. In vitro cell culture showed that P4 inhibition of DHT secretion and 5α-reductase 1 and 2 expression in epididymal epithelial cells could be moderately mitigated by RU486 but not by LY294002. Our results indicated that the paracrine and autocrine P4 could affect the secretion of DHT in epididymal cells through PGR. Overall, this study provides new data regarding the involvement of P4 in sperm maturation and functionality in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Fadi Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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15
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Thirumalai A, Amory JK. Emerging approaches to male contraception. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1369-1376. [PMID: 33931201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant interests in contraception by men, effective methods of male contraception are limited to vasectomy and condoms. Recently, there have been several promising advances in male contraceptive research. This review will update readers on recent research in both hormonal and nonhormonal approaches to male contraception. Hormonal approaches to male contraception have been stymied by adverse effects, formulations requiring injections or implants, a 5% to10% nonresponse rate, as well as poor understanding of user acceptability. In the last several years, research has focused on novel, orally bioavailable androgens such as dimethandrolone undecanoate and 11β-methyl-19-nor-testosterone. Additionally, combinations of a topical testosterone gel combined with a gel containing segesterone acetate, a potent progestin, have shown promise in clinical trials recently. Simultaneously, significant preclinical progress has been made in several approaches to nonhormonal male contraceptives, including compounds that inhibit sperm motility such as eppin, compounds that inhibit retinoic acid binding or biosynthesis, and reversible approaches to obstruction of the vas deferens. It is imperative for these areas of research to continue making strides so that there is a gamut of contraceptive options for couples to choose from. Some of these approaches will hopefully reach clinical utility soon, greatly improving contraceptive choice for couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Thirumalai
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John K Amory
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Contraception, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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16
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Shah W, Khan R, Shah B, Khan A, Dil S, Liu W, Wen J, Jiang X. The Molecular Mechanism of Sex Hormones on Sertoli Cell Development and Proliferation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:648141. [PMID: 34367061 PMCID: PMC8344352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.648141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustaining and maintaining the intricate process of spermatogenesis is liable upon hormones and growth factors acting through endocrine and paracrine pathways. The Sertoli cells (SCs) are the major somatic cells present in the seminiferous tubules and are considered to be the main regulators of spermatogenesis. As each Sertoli cell supports a specific number of germ cells, thus, the final number of Sertoli cells determines the sperm production capacity. Similarly, sex hormones are also major regulators of spermatogenesis and they can determine the proliferation of Sertoli cells. In the present review, we have critically and comprehensively discussed the role of sex hormones and some other factors that are involved in Sertoli cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation. Furthermore, we have also presented a model of Sertoli cell development based upon the recent advancement in the field of reproduction. Hence, our review article provides a general overview regarding the sex hormonal pathways governing Sertoli cell proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranjha Khan
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Wen
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Jiang, ; Ranjha Khan, ; Jie Wen,
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17
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Katsanou ES, Batakis P, Spyropoulou A, Schreiber E, Bovee T, Torrente M, Gómez MM, Kumar V, Domingo JL, Machera K. Maternal exposure to mixtures of dienestrol, linuron and flutamide. Part II: Endocrine-related gene expression assessment on male offspring rat testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111603. [PMID: 32738380 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) during pregnancy and early development can lead to adverse developmental outcomes in offspring. One of the endpoints of concern is feminization. The present study aimed to investigate for any possible correlations with endocrine sensitive parameters in the testes of male rat offspring following dam exposure to three EDCs by assessing the expression of endocrine-related genes. Dienestrol (DIES) [0.37-6.25 μg/kg bw/day], linuron (LIN) [1.5-50 mg/kg bw/day], flutamide (FLU) [3.5-50 mg/kg bw/day] as well as their binary mixtures were administered to sexually mature female rats from gestation day (GD) 6 until postnatal day (PND) 21. Gene expression analysis of Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd3b2, Pgr and Insl3 was performed by RT-qPCR. Administration of the anti-androgen FLU alone significantly upregulated Cyp11a1 and Cyp17a1 gene expression while administration of LIN and DIES alone did not alter significantly gene expression. The effects of the binary mixtures on gene expression were not as marked as those seen after single compound administrations. Deregulation of Cyp17a1 in rat pup testis, following administration of FLU alone or in mixtures to dams, was significantly correlated with the observed feminization endpoints in male pups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrosini S Katsanou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Batakis
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Elga Schreiber
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Toine Bovee
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Department of Bioassays and Biosensors, WUR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margarita Torrente
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Research Center in Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Mercedes Gómez
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Environmental Analysis and Management Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Catalonia, Spain; IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José Luis Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Laboratory of Pesticides' Toxicology, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Athens, Greece.
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18
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Huang J, Zhang TT, Jiang K, Hong WS, Chen SX. GFP expression pattern in pituitary and gonads under the control of nuclear progesterone receptor promoter in transgenic zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1365-1376. [PMID: 32506585 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear progesterone receptor (Pgr) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor primarily responsible for mediating progesterone actions relevant for reproduction across vertebrates. Information on the cellular localization of Pgr expression in the reproductive system is required for developing a comprehensive approach to elucidate the role of Pgr in reproduction. RESULTS We generated transgenic zebrafish Tg(pgr:eGFP) that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by promoter sequence of pgr gene. The tissue distribution pattern of egfp mRNA is consistent with the pgr mRNA expression in Tg(pgr:eGFP). In the pituitary, GFP signals are found in the proximal pars distalis. In order to better discern the cellular localization of GFP signals in gonads, Tg(pgr:eGFP) line was crossed with Tg(gsdf:nfsB-mCherry) line, specifically expressing nitroreductase-mCherry fusion protein in granulosa and Sertoli cells in ovary and testis, respectively. Imaging of testis tissue showed that GFP expression was confined to Leydig cells. In the ovary, GFP expression colocalized with the mCherry signal in granulosa cells. Intriguingly, we also identified some non-granulosa cells close to where blood vessels branched, expressing stronger GFP signals than granulosa cells. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing Tg(pgr:eGFP) expression in zebrafish provided leads toward new routes to study the role of Pgr in reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wan Shu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shi Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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19
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Abstract
The economic and public health burdens of unplanned pregnancies are evident globally. Since the introduction of the condom >300 years ago, assumptions about male willingness to participate in contraception, as well as concerns about failure rates and side effects, have stagnated the development of additional reversible male contraceptives. However, changing attitudes and recent research advances have generated renewed interest in developing reversible male contraceptives. To achieve effective and reversible suppression of spermatogenesis, male hormonal contraception relies on suppression of testicular testosterone and sperm production using an androgen-progestin combination. While these may be associated with side effects—changes in libido, weight, hematocrit, and cholesterol—recently, novel androgens and progestins have shown promise for a “male pill” with reduced side effects. Here we summarize landmark studies in male contraceptive development, showcase the most recent advances, and look into the future of this field, which has the potential to greatly impact global public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthi Thirumalai
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Stephanie T. Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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20
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Wu S, Yuen F, Swerdloff RS, Pak Y, Thirumalai A, Liu PY, Amory JK, Bai F, Hull L, Blithe DL, Anawalt BD, Parman T, Kim K, Lee MS, Bremner WJ, Page ST, Wang C. Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Single-Dose Novel Oral Androgen 11β-Methyl-19-Nortestosterone-17β-Dodecylcarbonate in Men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:629-638. [PMID: 30252057 PMCID: PMC6334268 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Context 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone-17β-dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC) is an orally bioavailable prodrug of 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11β-MNT) with androgenic and progestational activity. Objectives (i) Quantify 11β-MNT binding to androgen and progesterone receptors. (ii) Evaluate safety, tolerability, and serum gonadotropin and testosterone suppression by 11β-MNTDC in men. Design and Setting (i) In vitro receptor binding and transactivation studies and (ii) randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled single-dose, dose-escalating phase I study at two academic medical centers. Participants and Intervention Twelve healthy male volunteers were randomized (five active, one placebo) to escalating single oral doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg) of 11β-MNTDC or placebo given with or without food. Main Outcome Measures (i) In vitro 11β-MNT/11β-MNTDC human receptor binding and transactivation and (ii) safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and quantification of serum gonadotropin and testosterone concentrations for 24 hours following dosing. Results 11β-MNT avidly binds and activates human androgen and progesterone receptors, but 11β-MNTDC has minimal activity. Single oral doses of 11β-MNTDC were well tolerated without serious adverse events. Administration of 11β-MNTDC with food markedly increased average 11β-MNTDC and 11β-MNT serum concentrations (P < 0.001 for all doses) compared with fasting with a significant dose-related effect on average serum drug concentrations (P < 0.0001). The 200-, 400-, and 800-mg doses significantly suppressed average serum testosterone concentrations (P < 0.05). Conclusions A single, oral dose of 11β-MNTDC up to 800 mg administered with food is safe and well tolerated in healthy men. The active drug 11β-MNT has androgenic and progestational activity, rapidly suppresses serum testosterone, and is a promising candidate for an effective once-daily oral male hormonal contraceptive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fiona Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Ronald S Swerdloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Youngju Pak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Arthi Thirumalai
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - John K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Laura Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | - Diana L Blithe
- Contraception Development Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradley D Anawalt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Toufan Parman
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Menlo Park, California
| | - Kyuri Kim
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Menlo Park, California
| | - Min S Lee
- Contraception Development Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William J Bremner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephanie T Page
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California
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21
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Chohan H, Esfandiarei M, Arman D, Van Raamsdonk CD, van Breemen C, Friedman JM, Jett KA. Neurofibromin haploinsufficiency results in altered spermatogenesis in a mouse model of neurofibromatosis type 1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208835. [PMID: 30571760 PMCID: PMC6301684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fertility of men with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is reduced. Despite this observation, gonadal function has not been examined in patients with NF1. In order to assess the role of reduced neurofibromin in the testes, we examined testicular morphology and function in an Nf1+/- mouse model. We found that although Nf1+/- male mice are able to reproduce, they have significantly fewer pups per litter than Nf1+/+ control males. Reduced fertility in Nf1+/- male mice is associated with disorganization of the seminiferous epithelium, with exfoliation of germ cells and immature spermatids into the tubule lumen. Morphometric analysis shows that these alterations are associated with decreased Leydig cell numbers and increased spermatid cell numbers. We hypothesized that hyper-activation of Ras in Nf1+/- males affects ectoplasmic specialization, a Sertoli-spermatid adherens junction involved in spermiation. Consistent with this idea, we found increased expression of phosphorylated ERK, a downstream effector of Ras that has been shown to alter ectoplasmic specialization, in Nf1+/- males in comparison to control Nf1+/+ littermates. These data demonstrate that neurofibromin haploinsufficiency impairs spermatogenesis and fertility in a mouse model of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Chohan
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mitra Esfandiarei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Darian Arman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Catherine D. Van Raamsdonk
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cornelis van Breemen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jan M. Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kimberly A. Jett
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Sun S, Cai J, Tao W, Wu L, Tapas C, Zhou L, Wang D. Comparative transcriptome profiling and characterization of gene expression for ovarian differentiation under RU486 treatment. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 261:166-173. [PMID: 29510151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
17α, 20β-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (17α, 20β-DP, DHP), a teleost specific biologically active progestin, has been proved to play a critical role in oocytes maturation, ovulation and spermiation. RU486 (Mifepristone, an antagonist of progestin receptor) has been applied in contraceptives, abortion and hormone therapy in clinical medicine. To get further insights into the molecular mechanisms of nuclear progestin receptor (Pgr) activated ovarian differentiation and maintenance, we conducted comparative gonadal transcriptome analysis, and investigated histological and transcriptional differences using 4 months after hatching (mah) RU486-treated XX and control XX/XY Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DESeq analysis identified 7148 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between RU486-treated and control XX gonads, while merely 442 DEGs were screened between the gonads of RU486-treated XX and control XY fish highlighting that RU486 treatment set forwards masculinity in XX fish. Comprehensive analysis of gene hierarchical clustering revealed that RU486 treatment in XX fish resulted in robust changes of gene expression profiles. In comparison with XX group, female-dominant genes were significantly repressed in RU486 treated XX fish gonads. Moreover, most parts of down-regulated genes in wild type female were evidently up-regulated genes in RU486-treated XX fish gonads. Comparing with control XY group, the majority of male-dominant genes represent a high level of expression. However, RU486-treatment led to an up-regulation of a cluster genes specifically which showed relative lower expression in both control XX and XY group. RU486-treatment mediated global changes of gene expression profiles in steroidogenesis, germ cell differentiation and follicular cell trans-differentiation were verified by quantitative PCR. Both morphological and immunohistochemistry results further proved that RU486 treatment initiates testicular-like gonads development in XX fish via simultaneously enhancing the male responsive genes and suppressing the female-dominant genes. Moreover, RU486 treatment caused significant decline of fshr, lhr and increase of ars. Taken together, our data confirms blocking of DHP physiology by RU486 treatment induces masculinization in XX gonad preferably via repressing of gonadotropin physiology, germ cell differentiation and promoting follicular trans-differentiation in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chakraborty Tapas
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, 798-4206, Japan
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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23
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Braun BC, Okuyama MW, Müller K, Dehnhard M, Jewgenow K. Steroidogenic enzymes, their products and sex steroid receptors during testis development and spermatogenesis in the domestic cat (Felis catus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 178:135-149. [PMID: 29196065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we comprehensively characterize intratesticular sex steroid production, metabolism and receptors in the domestic cat to elucidate the role of testosterone, estradiol and progesterone in testis development, steroid synthesis and spermatogenesis. There is a great demand for new concepts of fertility control in domestic (feral) cats and wild felids. The acquired knowledge will help to understand the regulation of spermatogenesis in felids, and may reveal new target points for male contraception. Progesterone and androgens are produced throughout all stages of testicular development; their synthesizing enzymes are mainly expressed in Leydig cells, and to a much lesser extent also in tubular cells. Aromatase (CYP19A1), the estrogen synthesizing enzyme, is only present in the tubuli and is first detectable in spermatocytes and round spermatids at puberty. As shown by elevated expression of the enzymes steroid 5-α-reductase type 1 (SRD5A) and aldo-keto-reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3), the capacity to metabolize particular steroids increases during testis development. Apparently, this refers to a decreasing intra-testicular testosterone concentration per mg tissue with increasing testis weight during postpuberty. The increasing potential of sulfation of E2 by estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) with ongoing development might be responsible for the low level of unconjugated intratesticular estradiol in all stages of development probably due to facilitated excretion of conjugated estrogens. For the first time, expression of the progesterone membrane receptor components 1 and 2 (PGRMC1, PGRMC2) was studied in mammalian testis tissue. Both of these and also the progesterone receptor (PGR) are expressed depending on the developmental stage and cell type, suggesting an important regulatory role of progesterone in the testis. Androgen receptor (AR) is present in almost all cell types except for some spermatogenic cells. The co-localization of aromatase with estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) in spermatocytes and round spermatids of domestic cat testis indicates an auto-/paracrine function of estrogen in spermatogenesis. In summary, the testis of the domestic cat is an important source of sex steroids. All of them could act within the testis but additionally, at least androgens and estrogens are likely secreted by the testis, partly as conjugated steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate C Braun
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, PF700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Minami W Okuyama
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, PF700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, PF700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Dehnhard
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, PF700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katarina Jewgenow
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Department of Reproduction Biology, PF700430, 10324 Berlin, Germany
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24
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Chauvigné F, Parhi J, Ollé J, Cerdà J. Dual estrogenic regulation of the nuclear progestin receptor and spermatogonial renewal during gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) spermatogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 206:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
World population continues to grow at an unprecedented rate, doubling in a mere 50years to surpass the 7-billion milestone in 2011. This steep population growth exerts enormous pressure on the global environment. Despite the availability of numerous contraceptive choices for women, approximately half of all pregnancies are unintended and at least half of those are unwanted. Such statistics suggest that there is still a gap in contraceptive options for couples, particularly effective reversible contraceptives for men, who have few contraceptive choices. Male hormonal contraception has been an active area of research for almost 50years. The fundamental concept involves the use of exogenous hormones to suppress endogenous production of gonadotropins, testosterone, and downstream spermatogenesis. Testosterone-alone regimens are effective in many men but high dosing requirements and sub-optimal gonadotropin suppression in 10-30% of men limit their use. A number of novel combinations of testosterone and progestins have been shown to be more efficacious but still require further refinement in delivery systems and a clearer understanding of the potential short- and long-term side effects. Recently, synthetic androgens with both androgenic and progestogenic activity have been developed. These agents have the potential to be single-agent male hormonal contraceptives. Early studies of these compounds are encouraging and there is reason for optimism that these may provide safe, reversible, and reliable contraception for men in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing H Chao
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie T Page
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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26
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Witorsch RJ. Effects of elevated glucocorticoids on reproduction and development: relevance to endocrine disruptor screening. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:420-36. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2016.1140718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lue Y, Swerdloff R, Wan J, Xiao J, French S, Atienza V, Canela V, Bruhn KW, Stone B, Jia Y, Cohen P, Wang C. The Potent Humanin Analogue (HNG) Protects Germ Cells and Leucocytes While Enhancing Chemotherapy-Induced Suppression of Cancer Metastases in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4511-21. [PMID: 26384090 PMCID: PMC4655208 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Humanin is a peptide that is cytoprotective against stresses in many cell types. We investigated whether a potent humanin analogue S14G-humanin (HNG) would protect against chemotherapy-induced damage to normal cells without interfering with the chemotherapy-induced suppression of cancer cells. Young adult male mice were inoculated iv with murine melanoma cells. After 1 week, cancer-bearing mice were randomized to receive either: no treatment, daily ip injection of HNG, a single ip injection of cyclophosphamide (CP), or CP+HNG and killed at the end of 3 weeks. HNG rescued the CP-induced suppression of leucocytes and protected germ cell from CP-induced apoptosis. Lung metastases were suppressed by HNG or CP alone, and further suppressed by CP+HNG treatment. Plasma IGF-1 levels were suppressed by HNG with or without CP treatment. To investigate whether HNG maintains its protective effects on spermatogonial stem cells, sperm output, and peripheral leucocytes after repeated doses of CP, normal adult male mice received: no treatment, daily sc injection of HNG, 6 ip injections of CP at 5-day intervals, and the same regimens of CP+HNG and killed at the end of 4 weeks of treatment. Cauda epididymal sperm counts were elevated by HNG and suppressed by CP. HNG rescued the CP-induced suppression of spermatogonial stem cells, sperm count and peripheral leucocytes. We conclude that HNG 1) protects CP-induced loss of male germ cells and leucocytes, 2) enhances CP-induced suppression of cancer metastases, and 3) acts as a caloric-restriction mimetic by suppressing IGF-1 levels. Our findings suggest that humanin analogues may be promising adjuvants to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanHe Lue
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Ronald Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Samuel French
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Vince Atienza
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Victor Canela
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Kevin W Bruhn
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Brian Stone
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Yue Jia
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
| | - Christina Wang
- Division of Endocrinology (Y.L., R.S., V.A., V.C., B.S., Y.J., C.W.) and Division of Dermatology (K.V.B.), Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90502; University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology (J.W., J.X., P.C.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Department of Pathology (S.F.), Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California 90502
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28
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Culty M, Liu Y, Manku G, Chan WY, Papadopoulos V. Expression of steroidogenesis-related genes in murine male germ cells. Steroids 2015; 103:105-14. [PMID: 26302977 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For decades, only few tissues and cell types were defined as steroidogenic, capable of de novo steroid synthesis from cholesterol. However, with the refinement of detection methods, several tissues have now been added to the list of steroidogenic tissues. Besides their critical role as long-range acting hormones, steroids are also playing more discreet roles as local mediators and signaling molecules within the tissues they are produced. In testis, steroidogenesis is carried out by the Leydig cells through a broad network of proteins, mediating cholesterol delivery to CYP11A1, the first cytochrome of the steroidogenic cascade, and the sequential action of enzymes insuring the production of active steroids, the main one being testosterone. The knowledge that male germ cells can be directly regulated by steroids and that they express several steroidogenesis-related proteins led us to hypothesize that germ cells could produce steroids, acting as autocrine, intracrine and juxtacrine modulators, as a way to insure synchronized progression within spermatogenic cycles, and preventing inappropriate cell behaviors between neighboring cells. Gene expression and protein analyses of mouse and rat germ cells from neonatal gonocytes to spermatozoa showed that most steroidogenesis-associated genes are expressed in germ cells, showing cell type-, spermatogenic cycle-, and age-specific expression profiles. Highly expressed genes included genes involved in steroidogenesis and other cell functions, such as Acbd1 and 3, Tspo and Vdac1-3, and genes involved in fatty acids metabolism or synthesis, including Hsb17b4 10 and 12, implying broader roles than steroid synthesis in germ cells. These results support the possibility of an additional level of regulation of spermatogenesis exerted between adjacent germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Ying Liu
- Section of Experimental Atherosclerosis, Center of Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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29
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He J, Cui J, Wang R, Gao L, Gao X, Yang L, Zhang Q, Cao J, Yu W. Exposure to Hypoxia at High Altitude (5380 m) for 1 Year Induces Reversible Effects on Semen Quality and Serum Reproductive Hormone Levels in Young Male Adults. High Alt Med Biol 2015; 16:216-22. [PMID: 26288097 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2014.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianhua Cui
- Institute of Mountain Sickness, The 18th Hospital of PLA, Yecheng, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Institute of Mountain Sickness, The 18th Hospital of PLA, Yecheng, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaokang Gao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinjun Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wuzhong Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Command, PLA, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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30
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Nanjappa MK, Medrano TI, Lydon JP, Bigsby RM, Cooke PS. Maximal Dexamethasone Inhibition of Luminal Epithelial Proliferation Involves Progesterone Receptor (PR)- and Non-PR-Mediated Mechanisms in Neonatal Mouse Uterus. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:122. [PMID: 25882702 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.123463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) and the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) inhibit luminal epithelial (LE) proliferation in neonatal mouse uteri. This study determined the roles of progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor 1 (PR and ESR1, respectively) in P4- and Dex-induced inhibition of LE proliferation using PR knockout (PRKO) and Esr1 knockout (Esr1KO) mice. Wild-type (WT), heterozygous, and homozygous PRKO female pups were injected with vehicle, P4 (40 μg/g body weight), or Dex (4 or 40 μg/g body weight) on Postnatal Day 5, then 24 h later immunostained for markers of cell proliferation. In WT and heterozygous mice, P4 sharply reduced LE proliferation, and Dex produced dose-responsive decreases equaling those of P4 at the higher dose. Critically, although both doses of Dex similarly decreased proliferation compared to vehicle-treated PRKOs, treatment of PRKO pups with the high Dex dose (40 μg/g) did not inhibit LE as much as treatments of WT mice with this Dex dose or with P4. Stromal proliferation was stimulated by P4 in WT but not PRKO mice, and Dex did not alter stromal proliferation. Uteri of all genotypes strongly expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR), demonstrating that impaired Dex effects in PRKOs did not reflect GR deficiency. Furthermore, inhibition of LE proliferation by Dex (40 μg/g body weight) in Esr1KO mice was normal, so this process does not involve ESR1. In summary, inhibitory Dex effects on LE proliferation occur partially through non-PR-mediated mechanisms, presumably GR, as indicated by Dex inhibition of LE proliferation in PRKOs. However, maximal inhibitory Dex effects on uterine LE proliferation are not seen in PRKO mice with even high Dex, indicating that maximal Dex effects in WT mice also involve PR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa I Medrano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John P Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert M Bigsby
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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TAp73 is required for spermatogenesis and the maintenance of male fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:1843-8. [PMID: 24449892 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1323416111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of viable sperm proceeds through a series of coordinated steps, including germ cell self-renewal, meiotic recombination, and terminal differentiation into functional spermatozoa. The p53 family of transcription factors, including p53, p63, and p73, are critical for many physiological processes, including female fertility, but little is known about their functions in spermatogenesis. Here, we report that deficiency of the TAp73 isoform, but not p53 or ΔNp73, results in male infertility because of severe impairment of spermatogenesis. Mice lacking TAp73 exhibited increased DNA damage and cell death in spermatogonia, disorganized apical ectoplasmic specialization, malformed spermatids, and marked hyperspermia. We demonstrated that TAp73 regulates the mRNA levels of crucial genes involved in germ stem/progenitor cells (CDKN2B), spermatid maturation/spermiogenesis (metalloproteinase and serine proteinase inhibitors), and steroidogenesis (CYP21A2 and progesterone receptor). These alterations of testicular histology and gene expression patterns were specific to TAp73 null mice and not features of mice lacking p53. Our work provides previously unidentified in vivo evidence that TAp73 has a unique role in spermatogenesis that ensures the maintenance of mitotic cells and normal spermiogenesis. These results may have implications for the diagnosis and management of human male infertility.
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Association of progesterone receptor gene polymorphism with male infertility and clinical outcome of ICSI. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:1133-9. [PMID: 23934021 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of Progesterone Receptor (PR) gene variations and male infertility METHODS DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing of PR gene, PROGINS insertion by PCR. Association of the variations with seminal parameters and outcomes of ICSI. RESULTS Four known SNPs in the PR gene were identified in the study of which three (rs3740753, rs1042838, rs104283) were co-inherited and in complete linkage disequilibrium with the PROGINS Alu insertion. There were no differences in their frequencies between fertile and infertile males. The rs2020880 was found at a very low frequency only in the controls but not in the infertile subjects. The sperm counts, fertilization rate, embryo quality or pregnancy rates were not different in individuals with or without PROGINS allele. CONCLUSION PR gene alterations are not associated with male infertility or ICSI outcome.
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