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Karl V, Engen H, Beck D, Norbom LB, Ferschmann L, Aksnes ER, Kjelkenes R, Voldsbekk I, Andreassen OA, Alnæs D, Ladouceur CD, Westlye LT, Tamnes CK. The role of functional emotion circuits in distinct dimensions of psychopathology in youth. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 39095355 PMCID: PMC11297301 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Several mental disorders emerge during childhood or adolescence and are often characterized by socioemotional difficulties, including alterations in emotion perception. Emotional facial expressions are processed in discrete functional brain modules whose connectivity patterns encode emotion categories, but the involvement of these neural circuits in psychopathology in youth is poorly understood. This study examined the associations between activation and functional connectivity patterns in emotion circuits and psychopathology during development. We used task-based fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 1221, 8-23 years) and conducted generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Measures of psychopathology were derived from an independent component analysis of questionnaire data. The results showed positive associations between identifying fearful, sad, and angry faces and depressive symptoms, and a negative relationship between sadness recognition and positive psychosis symptoms. We found a positive main effect of depressive symptoms on BOLD activation in regions overlapping with the default mode network, while individuals reporting higher levels of norm-violating behavior exhibited emotion-specific lower functional connectivity within regions of the salience network and between modules that overlapped with the salience and default mode network. Our findings illustrate the relevance of functional connectivity patterns underlying emotion processing for behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Karl
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Haakon Engen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Military Psychiatry Norwegian Armed Forces Joint Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lia Ferschmann
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eira R Aksnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rikka Kjelkenes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Saberi A, Wischnewski KJ, Jung K, Lotter LD, Schaare HL, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Desrivières S, Flor H, Grigis A, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Brühl R, Martinot JL, Martinot MLP, Artiges E, Nees F, Orfanos DP, Lemaitre H, Poustka L, Hohmann S, Holz N, Baeuchl C, Smolka MN, Vaidya N, Walter H, Whelan R, Schumann G, Paus T, Dukart J, Bernhardt BC, Popovych OV, Eickhoff SB, Valk SL. Adolescent maturation of cortical excitation-inhibition balance based on individualized biophysical network modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599509. [PMID: 38948771 PMCID: PMC11213014 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The balance of excitation and inhibition is a key functional property of cortical microcircuits which changes through the lifespan. Adolescence is considered a crucial period for the maturation of excitation-inhibition balance. This has been primarily observed in animal studies, yet human in vivo evidence on adolescent maturation of the excitation-inhibition balance at the individual level is limited. Here, we developed an individualized in vivo marker of regional excitation-inhibition balance in human adolescents, estimated using large-scale simulations of biophysical network models fitted to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from two independent cross-sectional (N = 752) and longitudinal (N = 149) cohorts. We found a widespread relative increase of inhibition in association cortices paralleled by a relative age-related increase of excitation, or lack of change, in sensorimotor areas across both datasets. This developmental pattern co-aligned with multiscale markers of sensorimotor-association differentiation. The spatial pattern of excitation-inhibition development in adolescence was robust to inter-individual variability of structural connectomes and modeling configurations. Notably, we found that alternative simulation-based markers of excitation-inhibition balance show a variable sensitivity to maturational change. Taken together, our study highlights an increase of inhibition during adolescence in association areas using cross sectional and longitudinal data, and provides a robust computational framework to estimate microcircuit maturation in vivo at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Saberi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin J Wischnewski
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kyesam Jung
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leon D Lotter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Lina Schaare
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antoine Grigis
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), site Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Brühl
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eric Artiges
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U A10 "Trajectoires développementales en psychiatrie"; Université Paris-Saclay, Ecole Normale supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli; Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Psychiatry Department, EPS Barthélémy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Herve Lemaitre
- NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Baeuchl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Whelan
- School of Psychology and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- Multimodal Imaging and Connectome Analysis Laboratory, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oleksandr V Popovych
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofie L Valk
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine - Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Otto Hahn Group Cognitive Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Jones JD, Boyd RC, Sandro AD, Calkins ME, Los Reyes AD, Barzilay R, Young JF, Benton TD, Gur RC, Moore TM, Gur RE. The General Psychopathology 'p' Factor in Adolescence: Multi-Informant Assessment and Computerized Adaptive Testing. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8. [PMID: 38869751 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the presence of a general psychopathology dimension, the p factor ('p'). Despite growing interest in the p factor, questions remain about how p is assessed. Although multi-informant assessment of psychopathology is commonplace in clinical research and practice with children and adolescents, almost no research has taken a multi-informant approach to studying youth p or has examined the degree of concordance between parent and youth reports. Further, estimating p requires assessment of a large number of symptoms, resulting in high reporter burden that may not be feasible in many clinical and research settings. In the present study, we used bifactor multidimensional item response theory models to estimate parent- and adolescent-reported p in a large community sample of youth (11-17 years) and parents (N = 5,060 dyads). We examined agreement between parent and youth p scores and associations with assessor-rated youth global functioning. We also applied computerized adaptive testing (CAT) simulations to parent and youth reports to determine whether adaptive testing substantially alters agreement on p or associations with youth global functioning. Parent-youth agreement on p was moderate (r =.44) and both reports were negatively associated with youth global functioning. Notably, 7 out of 10 of the highest loading items were common across reporters. CAT reduced the average number of items administered by 57%. Agreement between CAT-derived p scores was similar to the full form (r =.40) and CAT scores were negatively correlated with youth functioning. These novel results highlight the promise and potential clinical utility of a multi-informant p factor approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Jones
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Rhonda C Boyd
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andres De Los Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tami D Benton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, 2716 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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4
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Zhang S, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Zeng T, An L, Yan X, Kong R, Kong X, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Wolf DH, Holmes AJ, Xie Y, Zhou JH, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Gluckman P, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Deco G, Satterthwaite TD, Yeo BTT. In vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318641121. [PMID: 38814872 PMCID: PMC11161789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318641121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here, we noninvasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is sensitive to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist benzodiazepine alprazolam during fMRI. Alprazolam-induced E/I changes are spatially consistent with positron emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor density. We then investigate the relationship between the E/I ratio marker and neurodevelopment. We find that the E/I ratio marker declines heterogeneously across the cerebral cortex during youth, with the greatest reduction occurring in sensorimotor systems relative to association systems. Importantly, among children with the same chronological age, a lower E/I ratio marker (especially in the association cortex) is linked to better cognitive performance. This result is replicated across North American (8.2 to 23.0 y old) and Asian (7.2 to 7.9 y old) cohorts, suggesting that a more mature E/I ratio indexes improved cognition during normative development. Overall, our findings open the door to studying how disrupted E/I trajectories may lead to cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology that emerges during youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Zhang
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Tianchu Zeng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Lijun An
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Yan
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Xiaolu Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
- ByteDance, Singapore048583, Singapore
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ07103
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Yapei Xie
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
| | - Marielle V. Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore119074, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore119228, Singapore
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A1A1, Canada
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology and Information, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona08002, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona08010, Spain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - B. T. Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition and Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117594, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore117456, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Signapore117456, Signapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hopstial, Charlestown, MA02129
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Zoupou E, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Gur RE, Gur RC, Scott JC. Domain-specific associations between psychopathology and neurocognitive functioning. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38828712 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive dysfunction is a transdiagnostic finding in psychopathology, but relationships among cognitive domains and general and specific psychopathology dimensions remain unclear. This study aimed to examine associations between cognition and psychopathology dimensions in a large youth cohort. METHOD The sample (N = 9350; age 8-21 years) was drawn from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Data from structured clinical interviews were modeled using bifactor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), resulting in an overall psychopathology ('p') factor score and six orthogonal psychopathology dimensions: dysphoria/distress, obsessive-compulsive, behavioral/externalizing, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, phobias, and psychosis. Neurocognitive data were aggregated using correlated-traits CFA into five factors: executive functioning, memory, complex cognition, social cognition, and sensorimotor speed. We examined relationships among specific and general psychopathology dimensions and neurocognitive factors. RESULTS The final model showed both overall and specific associations between cognitive functioning and psychopathology, with acceptable fit (CFI = 0.91; TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.024; SRMR = 0.054). Overall psychopathology and most psychopathology dimensions were negatively associated with neurocognitive functioning (phobias [p < 0.0005], behavioral/externalizing [p < 0.0005], attention-deficit/hyperactivity [p < 0.0005], psychosis [p < 0.0005 to p < 0.05]), except for dysphoria/distress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which were positively associated with complex cognition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION By modeling a broad range of cognitive and psychopathology domains in a large, diverse sample of youth, we found aspects of neurocognitive functioning shared across clinical phenotypes, as well as domain-specific patterns. Findings support transdiagnostic examination of cognitive performance to parse variability in the link between neurocognitive functioning and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- VISN4 MIRECC, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Linkovski O, Moore TM, Argabright ST, Calkins ME, Gur RC, Gur RE, Barzilay R. Hoarding behavior and its association with mental health and functioning in a large youth sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1955-1962. [PMID: 37728661 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hoarding behavior is prevalent in children and adolescents, yet clinicians do not routinely inquire about it and youth may not spontaneously report it due to stigma. It is unknown whether hoarding behavior, over and above obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), is associated with major clinical factors in a general youth population. This observational study included N = 7054 youth who were not seeking help for mental health problems (ages 11-21, 54% female) and completed a structured interview that included evaluation of hoarding behavior and OCS, as a part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort between November 2009 and December 2011. We employed regression models with hoarding behavior and OCS (any/none) as independent variables, and continuous (linear regression) or binary (logistic regression) mental health measures as dependent variables. All models covaried for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. A total of 374 participants endorsed HB (5.3%), most of which reported additional OCS (n = 317). When accounting for OCS presence, hoarding behavior was associated with greater dimensional psychopathology burden (i.e., higher P-factor) (β = 0.19, p < .001), and with poorer functioning (i.e., lower score on the child global assessment scale) (β = - 0.07, p < .001). The results were consistent when modeling psychopathology using binary variables. The results remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for count of endorsed OCS and excluding participants who met criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 210). These results suggest that hoarding behavior among youth is associated with poorer mental health and functioning, independent of OCS. Brief hoarding-behavior assessments in clinical settings may prove useful given hoarding behavior's stigma and detrimental health associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Linkovski
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stirling T Argabright
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 10th floor, Gates Pavilion, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 34Th and Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Lifespan Brain Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, CHOP, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Orlichenko A, Qu G, Zhou Z, Liu A, Deng HW, Ding Z, Stephen JM, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP. A Demographic-Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for fMRI Distribution Sampling and Removal of Confounds. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594528. [PMID: 38798580 PMCID: PMC11118390 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective fMRI and derived measures such as functional connectivity (FC) have been used to predict brain age, general fluid intelligence, psychiatric disease status, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not always clear that all demographic confounds, such as age, sex, and race, have been removed from fMRI data. Additionally, many fMRI datasets are restricted to authorized researchers, making dissemination of these valuable data sources challenging. Methods We create a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based model, DemoVAE, to decorrelate fMRI features from demographics and generate high-quality synthetic fMRI data based on user-supplied demographics. We train and validate our model using two large, widely used datasets, the Philadelphia Neurodevel-opmental Cohort (PNC) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP). Results We find that DemoVAE recapitulates group differences in fMRI data while capturing the full breadth of individual variations. Significantly, we also find that most clinical and computerized battery fields that are correlated with fMRI data are not correlated with DemoVAE latents. An exception are several fields related to schizophrenia medication and symptom severity. Conclusion Our model generates fMRI data that captures the full distribution of FC better than traditional VAE or GAN models. We also find that most prediction using fMRI data is dependent on correlation with, and prediction of, demographics. Significance Our DemoVAE model allows for generation of high quality synthetic data conditioned on subject demographics as well as the removal of the confounding effects of demographics. We identify that FC-based prediction tasks are highly influenced by demographic confounds.
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8
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Sha Z, Sun KY, Jung B, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Almasy L, Forsyth JK, Prem S, Gandal MJ, Seidlitz J, Glessner JT, Alexander-Bloch AF. The copy number variant architecture of psychopathology and cognitive development in the ABCD ® study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.14.24307376. [PMID: 38798629 PMCID: PMC11118651 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.24307376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Importance Childhood is a crucial developmental phase for mental health and cognitive function, both of which are commonly affected in patients with psychiatric disorders. This neurodevelopmental trajectory is shaped by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. While common genetic variants account for a large proportion of inherited genetic risk, rare genetic variations, particularly copy number variants (CNVs), play a significant role in the genetic architecture of neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their importance, the relevance of CNVs to child psychopathology and cognitive function in the general population remains underexplored. Objective Investigating CNV associations with dimensions of child psychopathology and cognitive functions. Design Setting and Participants ABCD® study focuses on a cohort of over 11,875 youth aged 9 to 10, recruited from 21 sites in the US, aiming to investigate the role of various factors, including brain, environment, and genetic factors, in the etiology of mental and physical health from middle childhood through early adulthood. Data analysis occurred from April 2023 to April 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures In this study, we utilized PennCNV and QuantiSNP algorithms to identify duplications and deletions larger than 50Kb across a cohort of 11,088 individuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development® study. CNVs meeting quality control standards were subjected to a genome-wide association scan to identify regions associated with quantitative measures of broad psychiatric symptom domains and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, a CNV risk score, reflecting the aggregated burden of genetic intolerance to inactivation and dosage sensitivity, was calculated to assess its impact on variability in overall and dimensional child psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes. Results In a final sample of 8,564 individuals (mean age=9.9 years, 4,532 males) passing quality control, we identified 4,111 individuals carrying 5,760 autosomal CNVs. Our results revealed significant associations between specific CNVs and our phenotypes of interest, psychopathology and cognitive function. For instance, a duplication at 10q26.3 was associated with overall psychopathology, and somatic complaints in particular. Additionally, deletions at 1q12.1, along with duplications at 14q11.2 and 10q26.3, were linked to overall cognitive function, with particular contributions from fluid intelligence (14q11.2), working memory (10q26.3), and reading ability (14q11.2). Moreover, individuals carrying CNVs previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited greater impairment in social functioning and cognitive performance across multiple domains, in particular working memory. Notably, a higher deletion CNV risk score was significantly correlated with increased overall psychopathology (especially in dimensions of social functioning, thought disorder, and attention) as well as cognitive impairment across various domains. Conclusions and Relevance In summary, our findings shed light on the contributions of CNVs to interindividual variability in complex traits related to neurocognitive development and child psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Sha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Y. Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Smrithi Prem
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron F. Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Orlichenko A, Qu G, Zhou Z, Liu A, Deng HW, Ding Z, Stephen JM, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP. A Demographic-Conditioned Variational Autoencoder for fMRI Distribution Sampling and Removal of Confounds. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.07977v1. [PMID: 38800653 PMCID: PMC11118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective fMRI and derived measures such as functional connectivity (FC) have been used to predict brain age, general fluid intelligence, psychiatric disease status, and preclinical neurodegenerative disease. However, it is not always clear that all demographic confounds, such as age, sex, and race, have been removed from fMRI data. Additionally, many fMRI datasets are restricted to authorized researchers, making dissemination of these valuable data sources challenging. Methods We create a variational autoencoder (VAE)-based model, DemoVAE, to decorrelate fMRI features from demographics and generate high-quality synthetic fMRI data based on user-supplied demographics. We train and validate our model using two large, widely used datasets, the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP). Results We find that DemoVAE recapitulates group differences in fMRI data while capturing the full breadth of individual variations. Significantly, we also find that most clinical and computerized battery fields that are correlated with fMRI data are not correlated with DemoVAE latents. An exception are several fields related to schizophrenia medication and symptom severity. Conclusion Our model generates fMRI data that captures the full distribution of FC better than traditional VAE or GAN models. We also find that most prediction using fMRI data is dependent on correlation with, and prediction of, demographics. Significance Our DemoVAE model allows for generation of high quality synthetic data conditioned on subject demographics as well as the removal of the confounding effects of demographics. We identify that FC-based prediction tasks are highly influenced by demographic confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Orlichenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Gang Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Anqi Liu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane Integrated Institute of Data & Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane Integrated Institute of Data & Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Zhengming Ding
- Department of Computer Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | | | - Tony W Wilson
- Institute for Human Neuroscience, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yu-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
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10
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Fattal J, Giljen M, Vargas T, Damme KSF, Calkins ME, Pinkham AE, Mittal VA. A Developmental Perspective on Early and Current Motor Abnormalities and Psychotic-Like Symptoms. Schizophr Bull 2024:sbae062. [PMID: 38728386 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent in the general population and, because they represent a lower end of the psychosis vulnerability spectrum, may be useful in informing mechanistic understanding. Although it is well-understood that motor signs characterize formal psychotic disorders, the developmental trajectory of these features and their relationships with PLEs are less well-understood. STUDY DESIGN Data from 7559 adolescents and young adults (age 11-21) in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were used to investigate whether early-life milestone-attainment delays relate to current adolescent sensorimotor functioning and positive and negative PLEs. Current sensorimotor functioning was assessed using the Computerized Finger Tapping task (assessing motor slowing) and Mouse Practice task (assessing sensorimotor planning). STUDY RESULTS Early developmental abnormalities were related to current adolescent-aged motor slowing (t(7415.3) = -7.74, corrected-P < .001) and impaired sensorimotor planning (t(7502.5) = 5.57, corrected-P < .001). There was a significant interaction between developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning on positive and negative PLEs (t = 1.67-4.51), such that individuals with early developmental delays had a stronger positive relationship between sensorimotor dysfunction and PLEs. Importantly, interaction models were significantly better at explaining current PLEs than those treating early and current sensorimotor dysfunction independently (χ2 = 4.89-20.34). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest a relationship between early developmental delays and current sensorimotor functioning in psychosis proneness and inform an understanding of heterotypic continuity as well as a neurodevelopmental perspective of motor circuits. Furthermore, results indicate that motor signs are a clear factor in the psychosis continuum, suggesting that they may represent a core feature of psychosis vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fattal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Maksim Giljen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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11
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Zoupou E, Moore TM, Kennedy KP, Calkins ME, Gorgone A, Sandro AD, Rush S, Lopez KC, Ruparel K, Daryoush T, Okoyeh P, Savino A, Troyan S, Wolf DH, Scott JC, Gur RE, Gur RC. Validation of the structured interview section of the penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT GOASSESS). Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115862. [PMID: 38554493 PMCID: PMC11025108 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale studies and burdened clinical settings require precise, efficient measures that assess multiple domains of psychopathology. Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) can reduce administration time without compromising data quality. We examined feasibility and validity of an adaptive psychopathology measure, GOASSESS, in a clinical community-based sample (N = 315; ages 18-35) comprising three groups: healthy controls, psychosis, mood/anxiety disorders. Assessment duration was compared between the Full and CAT GOASSESS. External validity was tested by comparing how the CAT and Full versions related to demographic variables, study group, and socioeconomic status. The relationships between scale scores and criteria were statistically compared within a mixed-model framework to account for dependency between relationships. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing scores of the CAT and the Full GOASSESS using Pearson correlations. The CAT GOASSESS reduced interview duration by more than 90 % across study groups and preserved relationships to external criteria and demographic variables as the Full GOASSESS. All CAT GOASSESS scales could replace those of the Full instrument. Overall, the CAT GOASSESS showed acceptable psychometric properties and demonstrated feasibility by markedly reducing assessment time compared to the Full GOASSESS. The adaptive version could be used in large-scale studies or clinical settings for intake screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly P Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alesandra Gorgone
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sage Rush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tarlan Daryoush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul Okoyeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Savino
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Troyan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Jonas KG, Cannon TD, Docherty AR, Dwyer D, Gur RC, Gur RE, Nelson B, Reininghaus U, Kotov R. Psychosis superspectrum I: Nosology, etiology, and lifespan development. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1005-1019. [PMID: 38200290 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02388-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review describes the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model of psychosis-related psychopathology, the psychosis superspectrum. The HiTOP psychosis superspectrum was developed to address shortcomings of traditional diagnoses for psychotic disorders and related conditions including low reliability, arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, high symptom co-occurrence, and heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. The psychosis superspectrum is a transdiagnostic dimensional model comprising two spectra-psychoticism and detachment-which are in turn broken down into fourteen narrow components, and two auxiliary domains-cognition and functional impairment. The structure of the spectra and their components are shown to parallel the genetic structure of psychosis and related traits. Psychoticism and detachment have distinct patterns of association with urbanicity, migrant and ethnic minority status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. The superspectrum also provides a useful model for describing the emergence and course of psychosis, as components of the superspectrum are relatively stable over time. Changes in psychoticism predict the onset of psychosis-related psychopathology, whereas changes in detachment and cognition define later course. Implications of the superspectrum for genetic, socio-environmental, and longitudinal research are discussed. A companion review focuses on neurobiology, treatment response, and clinical utility of the superspectrum, and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna R Docherty
- Huntsman Mental Health Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Dominic Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and the Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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13
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Zhang S, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Zeng T, An L, Yan X, Kong R, Kong X, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Wolf DH, Holmes AJ, Xie Y, Zhou JH, Fortier MV, Tan AP, Gluckman P, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Deco G, Satterthwaite TD, Yeo BT. In-vivo whole-cortex marker of excitation-inhibition ratio indexes cortical maturation and cognitive ability in youth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.22.546023. [PMID: 38586012 PMCID: PMC10996460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.22.546023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A balanced excitation-inhibition ratio (E/I ratio) is critical for healthy brain function. Normative development of cortex-wide E/I ratio remains unknown. Here we non-invasively estimate a putative marker of whole-cortex E/I ratio by fitting a large-scale biophysically-plausible circuit model to resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) data. We first confirm that our model generates realistic brain dynamics in the Human Connectome Project. Next, we show that the estimated E/I ratio marker is sensitive to the GABA-agonist benzodiazepine alprazolam during fMRI. Alprazolam-induced E/I changes are spatially consistent with positron emission tomography measurement of benzodiazepine receptor density. We then investigate the relationship between the E/I ratio marker and neurodevelopment. We find that the E/I ratio marker declines heterogeneously across the cerebral cortex during youth, with the greatest reduction occurring in sensorimotor systems relative to association systems. Importantly, among children with the same chronological age, a lower E/I ratio marker (especially in association cortex) is linked to better cognitive performance. This result is replicated across North American (8.2 to 23.0 years old) and Asian (7.2 to 7.9 years old) cohorts, suggesting that a more mature E/I ratio indexes improved cognition during normative development. Overall, our findings open the door to studying how disrupted E/I trajectories may lead to cognitive dysfunction in psychopathology that emerges during youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshi Zhang
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie J. Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tianchu Zeng
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Lijun An
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Xiaoxuan Yan
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Xiaolu Kong
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
- ByteDance, Singapore
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yapei Xie
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Juan Helen Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- UK Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Technology and Information, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI) of Penn Medicine and CHOP, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B.T. Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition & Centre for Translational MR Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme & Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Univeristy of Singapore, Signapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hopstial, Charlestown, MA, USA
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14
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Harris JL, Swanson B, Petersen IT. A Developmentally Informed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Strength of General Psychopathology in Childhood and Adolescence. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:130-164. [PMID: 38112921 PMCID: PMC10938301 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Considerable support exists for higher-order dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology in adults. A growing body of work has focused on understanding the structure of general and specific psychopathology in children and adolescents. No prior meta-analysis has examined whether the strength of the general psychopathology factor (p factor)-measured by explained common variance (ECV)-changes from childhood to adolescence. The primary objective of this multilevel meta-analysis was to determine whether general psychopathology strength changes across development (i.e. across ages) in childhood and adolescence. Several databases were searched in November 2021; 65 studies, with 110 effect sizes (ECV), nested within shared data sources, were identified. Included empirical studies used a factor analytic modeling approach that estimated latent factors for child/adolescent internalizing, externalizing, and optionally thought-disordered psychopathology, and a general factor. Studies spanned ages 2-17 years. Across ages, general psychopathology explained over half (~ 56%) of the reliable variance in symptoms of psychopathology. Age-moderation analyses revealed that general factor strength remained stable across ages, suggesting that general psychopathology strength does not significantly change across childhood to adolescence. Even if the structure of psychopathology changes with development, the prominence of general psychopathology across development has important implications for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Harris
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue G60, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Benjamin Swanson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Isaac T Petersen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, 340 Iowa Avenue G60, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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15
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Cleverley K, Foussias G, Ameis SH, Courtney DB, Goldstein BI, Hawke LD, Kozloff N, Quilty LC, Rotenberg M, Wheeler AL, Andrade BF, Aitken M, Mahleka D, Jani M, Frayne M, Wong JKY, Kelly R, Dickie EW, Felsky D, Haltigan JD, Lai MC, Nikolova YS, Tempelaar W, Wang W, Battaglia M, Husain MO, Kidd S, Kurdyak P, Levitan RD, Lewis SP, Polillo A, Szatmari P, van der Miesen AIR, Ahmadzadasl M, Voineskos AN. The Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study: Study Design and Early Data Related to Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms, Functioning, and Suicidality. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:253-264. [PMID: 37979943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis spectrum symptoms (PSSs) occur in a sizable percentage of youth and are associated with poorer cognitive performance, poorer functioning, and suicidality (i.e., suicidal thoughts and behaviors). PSSs may occur more frequently in youths already experiencing another mental illness, but the antecedents are not well known. The Toronto Adolescent and Youth (TAY) Cohort Study aims to characterize developmental trajectories in youths with mental illness and understand associations with PSSs, functioning, and suicidality. METHODS The TAY Cohort Study is a longitudinal cohort study that aims to assess 1500 youths (age 11-24 years) presenting to tertiary care. In this article, we describe the extensive diagnostic and clinical characterization of psychopathology, substance use, functioning, suicidality, and health service utilization in these youths, with follow-up every 6 months over 5 years, including early baseline data. RESULTS A total of 417 participants were enrolled between May 4, 2021, and February 2, 2023. Participants met diagnostic criteria for an average of 3.5 psychiatric diagnoses, most frequently anxiety and depressive disorders. Forty-nine percent of participants met a pre-established threshold for PSSs and exhibited higher rates of functional impairment, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and suicidality than participants without PSSs. CONCLUSIONS Initial findings from the TAY Cohort Study demonstrate the feasibility of extensive clinical phenotyping in youths who are seeking help for mental health problems. PSS prevalence is much higher than in community-based studies. Our early data support the critical need to better understand longitudinal trajectories of clinical youth cohorts in relation to psychosis risk, functioning, and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Cleverley
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Foussias
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren B Courtney
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa D Hawke
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Kozloff
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena C Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin Rotenberg
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Aitken
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Don Mahleka
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Jani
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margot Frayne
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy K Y Wong
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D Haltigan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taiwan
| | - Yuliya S Nikolova
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanda Tempelaar
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Battaglia
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Omair Husain
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Kidd
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Kurdyak
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert D Levitan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexia Polillo
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna I R van der Miesen
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Ahmadzadasl
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Di Sandro A, Moore TM, Zoupou E, Kennedy KP, Lopez KC, Ruparel K, Njokweni LJ, Rush S, Daryoush T, Franco O, Gorgone A, Savino A, Didier P, Wolf DH, Calkins ME, Cobb Scott J, Gur RE, Gur RC. Validation of the cognitive section of the Penn computerized adaptive test for neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment (CAT-CCNB). Brain Cogn 2024; 174:106117. [PMID: 38128447 PMCID: PMC10799332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery is an efficient tool for assessing brain-behavior domains, and its efficiency was augmented via computerized adaptive testing (CAT). This battery requires validation in a separate sample to establish psychometric properties. METHODS In a mixed community/clinical sample of N = 307 18-to-35-year-olds, we tested the relationships of the CAT tests with the full-form tests. We compared discriminability among recruitment groups (psychosis, mood, control) and examined how their scores relate to demographics. CAT-Full relationships were evaluated based on a minimum inter-test correlation of 0.70 or an inter-test correlation within at least 0.10 of the full-form correlation with a previous administration of the full battery. Differences in criterion relationships were tested via mixed models. RESULTS Most tests (15/17) met the minimum criteria for replacing the full-form with the updated CAT version (mean r = 0.67; range = 0.53-0.80) when compared to relationships of the full-forms with previous administrations of the full-forms (mean r = 0.68; range = 0.50-0.85). Most (16/17) CAT-based relationships with diagnostics and other validity criteria were indistinguishable (interaction p > 0.05) from their full-form counterparts. CONCLUSIONS The updated CNB shows psychometric properties acceptable for research. The full-forms of some tests should be retained due to insufficient time savings to justify the loss in precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Eirini Zoupou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kelly P Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine C Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucky J Njokweni
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sage Rush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tarlan Daryoush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olivia Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alesandra Gorgone
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Savino
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paige Didier
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Pan N, Wang S, Lan H, Zhang X, Qin K, Kemp GJ, Suo X, Gong Q. Multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome associated with COVID-19-related negative affect symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38253618 PMCID: PMC10803304 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe mental health problems with the representation of negative affect symptoms (NAS) have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome predicting COVID-19-related NAS. This cohort study encompassed a group of university students to undergo neuroimaging scans before the pandemic, and we re-contacted participants for 1-year follow-up COVID-related NAS evaluations during the pandemic. Regularized canonical correlation analysis was used to identify connectome-based dimensions of NAS to compute pairs of canonical variates. The predictive ability of identified functional connectome to NAS dimensional scores was examined with a nested cross-validation. Two dimensions (i.e. mode stress and mode anxiety) were related to distinct patterns of brain functional connectome (r2 = 0.911, PFDR = 0.048; r2 = 0.901, PFDR = 0.037, respectively). Mode anxiety was characterized by high loadings in connectivity between affective network (AFN) and visual network (VN), while connectivity of the default mode network with dorsal attention network (DAN) were remarkably prominent in mode stress. Connectivity patterns within the DAN and between DAN and VN, ventral attention network, and AFN was common for both dimensions. The identified functional connectome can reliably predict mode stress (r = 0.37, MAE = 5.1, p < 0.001) and mode anxiety (r = 0.28, MAE = 5.4, p = 0.005) in the cross-validation. Our findings provide new insight into multivariate dimensions of COVID-related NAS, which may have implications for developing network-based biomarkers in psychological interventions for vulnerable individuals in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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18
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Lewis L, Corcoran M, Cho KIK, Kwak Y, Hayes RA, Larsen B, Jalbrzikowski M. Age-associated alterations in thalamocortical structural connectivity in youths with a psychosis-spectrum disorder. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:86. [PMID: 38081873 PMCID: PMC10713597 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms typically emerge in adolescence. Age-associated thalamocortical connectivity differences in psychosis remain unclear. We analyzed diffusion-weighted imaging data from 1254 participants 8-23 years old (typically developing (TD):N = 626, psychosis-spectrum (PS): N = 329, other psychopathology (OP): N = 299) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We modeled thalamocortical tracts using deterministic fiber tractography, extracted Q-Space Diffeomorphic Reconstruction (QSDR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, and then used generalized additive models to determine group and age-associated thalamocortical connectivity differences. Compared to other groups, PS exhibited thalamocortical reductions in QSDR global fractional anisotropy (GFA, p-values range = 3.0 × 10-6-0.05) and DTI fractional anisotropy (FA, p-values range = 4.2 × 10-4-0.03). Compared to TD, PS exhibited shallower thalamus-prefrontal age-associated increases in GFA and FA during mid-childhood, but steeper age-associated increases during adolescence. TD and OP exhibited decreases in thalamus-frontal mean and radial diffusivities during adolescence; PS did not. Altered developmental trajectories of thalamocortical connectivity may contribute to the disruptions observed in adults with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lewis
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mary Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - YooBin Kwak
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca A Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Barkema P, Rutherford S, Lee HC, Kia SM, Savage H, Beckmann C, Marquand A. Predictive Clinical Neuroscience Portal (PCNportal): instant online access to research-grade normative models for clinical neuroscientists. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:326. [PMID: 37663797 PMCID: PMC10474337 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19591.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neurobiology of mental disorders remains poorly understood despite substantial scientific efforts, due to large clinical heterogeneity and to a lack of tools suitable to map individual variability. Normative modeling is one recently successful framework that can address these problems by comparing individuals to a reference population. The methodological underpinnings of normative modelling are, however, relatively complex and computationally expensive. Our research group has developed the python-based normative modelling package Predictive Clinical Neuroscience toolkit (PCNtoolkit) which provides access to many validated algorithms for normative modelling. PCNtoolkit has since proven to be a strong foundation for large scale normative modelling, but still requires significant computation power, time and technical expertise to develop. Methods To address these problems, we introduce PCNportal. PCNportal is an online platform integrated with PCNtoolkit that offers access to pre-trained research-grade normative models estimated on tens of thousands of participants, without the need for computation power or programming abilities. PCNportal is an easy-to-use web interface that is highly scalable to large user bases as necessary. Finally, we demonstrate how the resulting normalized deviation scores can be used in a clinical application through a schizophrenia classification task applied to cortical thickness and volumetric data from the longitudinal Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) dataset. Results At each longitudinal timepoint, the transferred normative models achieved a mean[std. dev.] explained variance of 9.4[8.8]%, 9.2[9.2]%, 5.6[7.4]% respectively in the control group and 4.7[5.5]%, 6.0[6.2]%, 4.2[6.9]% in the schizophrenia group. Diagnostic classifiers achieved AUC of 0.78, 0.76 and 0.71 respectively. Conclusions This replicates the utility of normative models for diagnostic classification of schizophrenia and showcases the use of PCNportal for clinical neuroimaging. By facilitating and speeding up research with high-quality normative models, this work contributes to research in inter-individual variability, clinical heterogeneity and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Barkema
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saige Rutherford
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Hurng-Chun Lee
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Seyed Mostafa Kia
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Savage
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Beckmann
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Andre Marquand
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Thomas M, Whittle S, Tian YE, van Rheenen TE, Zalesky A, Cropley VL. Pathways from threat exposure to psychotic symptoms in youth: The role of emotion recognition bias and brain structure. Schizophr Res 2023; 261:304-313. [PMID: 37898031 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research supports an association between threatening experiences in childhood and psychosis. It is possible that early threat exposure disrupts the development of emotion recognition (specifically, producing a bias for facial expressions relating to threat) and the brain structures subserving it, contributing to psychosis development. METHODS Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we examined associations between threat exposure and both the misattribution of facial expressions to fear/anger in an emotion recognition task, and gray matter volumes in key emotion processing regions. Our sample comprised youth with psychosis spectrum symptoms (N = 304), control youth (N = 787), and to evaluate specificity, youth with internalizing symptoms (N = 92). The moderating effects of group and sex were examined. RESULTS Both the psychosis spectrum and internalizing groups had higher levels of threat exposure than controls. In the total sample, threat exposure was associated with lower left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) volume but not misattributions to fear/anger. The effects of threat exposure did not significantly differ by group or sex. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence for an effect of threat exposure on mPFC morphology, but do not support an association between threat exposure and a recognition bias for threat-related expressions, that is particularly pronounced in psychosis. Future research should investigate factors linking transdiagnostic alterations related to threat exposure with psychotic symptoms, and attempt to clarify the mechanisms underpinning emotion recognition misattributions in threat-exposed youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Thomas
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ye E Tian
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Tervo-Clemmens B, Calabro FJ, Parr AC, Fedor J, Foran W, Luna B. A canonical trajectory of executive function maturation from adolescence to adulthood. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6922. [PMID: 37903830 PMCID: PMC10616171 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Theories of human neurobehavioral development suggest executive functions mature from childhood through adolescence, underlying adolescent risk-taking and the emergence of psychopathology. Investigations with relatively small datasets or narrow subsets of measures have identified general executive function development, but the specific maturational timing and independence of potential executive function subcomponents remain unknown. Integrating four independent datasets (N = 10,766; 8-35 years old) with twenty-three measures from seventeen tasks, we provide a precise charting, multi-assessment investigation, and replication of executive function development from adolescence to adulthood. Across assessments and datasets, executive functions follow a canonical non-linear trajectory, with rapid and statistically significant development in late childhood to mid-adolescence (10-15 years old), before stabilizing to adult-levels in late adolescence (18-20 years old). Age effects are well captured by domain-general processes that generate reproducible developmental templates across assessments and datasets. Results provide a canonical trajectory of executive function maturation that demarcates the boundaries of adolescence and can be integrated into future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden Tervo-Clemmens
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Finnegan J Calabro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley C Parr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Fedor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William Foran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Scott JC, Moore TM, Roalf DR, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Port AM, Butler ER, Ruparel K, Nievergelt CM, Risbrough VB, Baker DG, Gur RE, Gur RC. Development and application of novel performance validity metrics for computerized neurocognitive batteries. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:789-797. [PMID: 36503573 PMCID: PMC10258222 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Data from neurocognitive assessments may not be accurate in the context of factors impacting validity, such as disengagement, unmotivated responding, or intentional underperformance. Performance validity tests (PVTs) were developed to address these phenomena and assess underperformance on neurocognitive tests. However, PVTs can be burdensome, rely on cutoff scores that reduce information, do not examine potential variations in task engagement across a battery, and are typically not well-suited to acquisition of large cognitive datasets. Here we describe the development of novel performance validity measures that could address some of these limitations by leveraging psychometric concepts using data embedded within the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB). METHODS We first developed these validity measures using simulations of invalid response patterns with parameters drawn from real data. Next, we examined their application in two large, independent samples: 1) children and adolescents from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (n = 9498); and 2) adult servicemembers from the Marine Resiliency Study-II (n = 1444). RESULTS Our performance validity metrics detected patterns of invalid responding in simulated data, even at subtle levels. Furthermore, a combination of these metrics significantly predicted previously established validity rules for these tests in both developmental and adult datasets. Moreover, most clinical diagnostic groups did not show reduced validity estimates. CONCLUSIONS These results provide proof-of-concept evidence for multivariate, data-driven performance validity metrics. These metrics offer a novel method for determining the performance validity for individual neurocognitive tests that is scalable, applicable across different tests, less burdensome, and dimensional. However, more research is needed into their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David R. Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison M. Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ellyn R. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caroline M. Nievergelt
- Center for Excellent in Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victoria B. Risbrough
- Center for Excellent in Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dewleen G. Baker
- Center for Excellent in Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Hoffmann MS, Moore TM, Axelrud LK, Tottenham N, Rohde LA, Milham MP, Satterthwaite TD, Salum GA. Harmonizing bifactor models of psychopathology between distinct assessment instruments: Reliability, measurement invariance, and authenticity. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1959. [PMID: 36655616 PMCID: PMC10485343 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Model configuration is important for mental health data harmonization. We provide a method to investigate the performance of different bifactor model configurations to harmonize different instruments. METHODS We used data from six samples from the Reproducible Brain Charts initiative (N = 8,606, ages 5-22 years, 41.0% females). We harmonized items from two psychopathology instruments, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and GOASSESS, based on semantic content. We estimated bifactor models using confirmatory factor analysis, and calculated their model fit, factor reliability, between-instrument invariance, and authenticity (i.e., the correlation and factor score difference between the harmonized and original models). RESULTS Five out of 12 model configurations presented acceptable fit and were instrument-invariant. Correlations between the harmonized factor scores and the original full-item models were high for the p-factor (>0.89) and small to moderate (0.12-0.81) for the specific factors. 6.3%-50.9% of participants presented factor score differences between harmonized and original models higher than 0.5 z-score. CONCLUSIONS The CBCL-GOASSESS harmonization indicates that few models provide reliable specific factors and are instrument-invariant. Moreover, authenticity was high for the p-factor and moderate for specific factors. Future studies can use this framework to examine the impact of harmonizing instruments in psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Scopel Hoffmann
- Department of NeuropsychiatryUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaSanta MariaBrazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social ProcessesHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Care Policy and Evaluation CentreLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK
| | - Tyler Maxwell Moore
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Luiza Kvitko Axelrud
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social ProcessesHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of PsychologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT‐CNPq)São PauloBrazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal MedicineUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Michael Peter Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
- Center for the Developing BrainChild Mind InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Theodore Daniel Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging CenterPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social ProcessesHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT‐CNPq)São PauloBrazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal MedicineUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Center for the Developing BrainChild Mind InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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24
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Passiatore R, Antonucci LA, DeRamus TP, Fazio L, Stolfa G, Sportelli L, Kikidis GC, Blasi G, Chen Q, Dukart J, Goldman AL, Mattay VS, Popolizio T, Rampino A, Sambataro F, Selvaggi P, Ulrich W, Weinberger DR, Bertolino A, Calhoun VD, Pergola G. Changes in patterns of age-related network connectivity are associated with risk for schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221533120. [PMID: 37527347 PMCID: PMC10410767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221533120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in fMRI-based brain functional network connectivity (FNC) are associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and the genetic risk or subthreshold clinical symptoms preceding the onset of SCZ, which often occurs in early adulthood. Thus, age-sensitive FNC changes may be relevant to SCZ risk-related FNC. We used independent component analysis to estimate FNC from childhood to adulthood in 9,236 individuals. To capture individual brain features more accurately than single-session fMRI, we studied an average of three fMRI scans per individual. To identify potential familial risk-related FNC changes, we compared age-related FNC in first-degree relatives of SCZ patients mostly including unaffected siblings (SIB) with neurotypical controls (NC) at the same age stage. Then, we examined how polygenic risk scores for SCZ influenced risk-related FNC patterns. Finally, we investigated the same risk-related FNC patterns in adult SCZ patients (oSCZ) and young individuals with subclinical psychotic symptoms (PSY). Age-sensitive risk-related FNC patterns emerge during adolescence and early adulthood, but not before. Young SIB always followed older NC patterns, with decreased FNC in a cerebellar-occipitoparietal circuit and increased FNC in two prefrontal-sensorimotor circuits when compared to young NC. Two of these FNC alterations were also found in oSCZ, with one exhibiting reversed pattern. All were linked to polygenic risk for SCZ in unrelated individuals (R2 varied from 0.02 to 0.05). Young PSY showed FNC alterations in the same direction as SIB when compared to NC. These results suggest that age-related neurotypical FNC correlates with genetic risk for SCZ and is detectable with MRI in young participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Passiatore
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 30303Atlanta, GA
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior, Research Centre Jülich, 52428Jülich, Germany
| | - Linda A. Antonucci
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Thomas P. DeRamus
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 30303Atlanta, GA
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università Mediterranea Giuseppe Degennaro, 70010Casamassima, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stolfa
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sportelli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
| | - Gianluca C. Kikidis
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Qiang Chen
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behavior, Research Centre Jülich, 52428Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aaron L. Goldman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
| | - Venkata S. Mattay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21287Baltimore, MD
| | - Teresa Popolizio
- Neuroradiology Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rampino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121Padua, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Selvaggi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - William Ulrich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
| | - Apulian Network on Risk for Psychosis
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Foggia, 71121Foggia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122Foggia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76123Andria, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, 70132Bari, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Brindisi, 72100Brindisi, Italy
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21287Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21287Baltimore, MD
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21287Baltimore, MD
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Psychiatric Unit, University Hospital, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, 30303Atlanta, GA
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124Bari, Italy
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, 21205Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 21205Baltimore, MD
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White LK, Barzilay R, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Jones JD, Himes MM, Young JF, Gur RC, Gur RE. Risk and Resilience Measures Related to Psychopathology in Youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:961-972. [PMID: 35037180 PMCID: PMC9289457 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01296-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity places youth at risk for multiple negative outcomes. The current study aimed to understand how a constellation of risk and resilience factors influenced mental health outcomes as a function of adversities: socioeconomic status (SES) and traumatic stressful events (TSEs). Specifically, we examined outcomes related to psychosis and mood disorders, as well as global clinical functioning. The current study is a longitudinal follow up of 140 participants from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) assessed for adversities at Time 1 (Mean age: 14.11 years) and risk, resilience, and clinical outcomes at Time 2 (mean age: 21.54 years). In the context of TSE, a limited set of predictors emerged as important; a more diverse set of moderators emerged in the context of SES. Across adversities, social support was a unique predictor of psychosis spectrum diagnoses and global functioning; emotion dysregulation was an important predictor for mood diagnoses. The current findings underscore the importance of understanding effects of childhood adversity on maladaptive outcomes within a resilience framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K White
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason D Jones
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Megan M Himes
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jami F Young
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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26
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Kim M, Shim Y, Kwon J, Bae S, Lee J, Cha J, Choi SH, Kim SH, Kang UG, Kwon JS. Resting-state theta-phase gamma amplitude coupling as a biomarker for the transdiagnostic dimensional approach in psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:410-411. [PMID: 37029954 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yurim Shim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoon Bae
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University College of Social Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hee Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Als TD, Kurki MI, Grove J, Voloudakis G, Therrien K, Tasanko E, Nielsen TT, Naamanka J, Veerapen K, Levey DF, Bendl J, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Zeng B, Demontis D, Rosengren A, Athanasiadis G, Bækved-Hansen M, Qvist P, Bragi Walters G, Thorgeirsson T, Stefánsson H, Musliner KL, Rajagopal VM, Farajzadeh L, Thirstrup J, Vilhjálmsson BJ, McGrath JJ, Mattheisen M, Meier S, Agerbo E, Stefánsson K, Nordentoft M, Werge T, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Hovatta I, Roussos P, Daly MJ, Mors O, Palotie A, Børglum AD. Depression pathophysiology, risk prediction of recurrence and comorbid psychiatric disorders using genome-wide analyses. Nat Med 2023; 29:1832-1844. [PMID: 37464041 PMCID: PMC10839245 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and a leading cause of disability worldwide. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of six datasets, including >1.3 million individuals (371,184 with depression) and identified 243 risk loci. Overall, 64 loci were new, including genes encoding glutamate and GABA receptors, which are targets for antidepressant drugs. Intersection with functional genomics data prioritized likely causal genes and revealed new enrichment of prenatal GABAergic neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte lineages. We found depression to be highly polygenic, with ~11,700 variants explaining 90% of the single-nucleotide polymorphism heritability, estimating that >95% of risk variants for other psychiatric disorders (anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were influencing depression risk when both concordant and discordant variants were considered, and nearly all depression risk variants influenced educational attainment. Additionally, depression genetic risk was associated with impaired complex cognition domains. We dissected the genetic and clinical heterogeneity, revealing distinct polygenic architectures across subgroups of depression and demonstrating significantly increased absolute risks for recurrence and psychiatric comorbidity among cases of depression with the highest polygenic burden, with considerable sex differences. The risks were up to 5- and 32-fold higher than cases with the lowest polygenic burden and the background population, respectively. These results deepen the understanding of the biology underlying depression, its disease progression and inform precision medicine approaches to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Als
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Karen Therrien
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Tasanko
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trine Tollerup Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joonas Naamanka
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kumar Veerapen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Biao Zeng
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Rosengren
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgios Athanasiadis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Bækved-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Katherine L Musliner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Veera M Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janne Thirstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarni J Vilhjálmsson
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J McGrath
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Sciences and GLOBE Institute, LF Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Murray B Stein
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Mark J Daly
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Wong OWH, Barzilay R, Lam AMW, Chan S, Calkins ME, Gur RE, Gur RC. Executive function as a generalized determinant of psychopathology and functional outcome in school-aged autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4788-4798. [PMID: 35912846 PMCID: PMC10388326 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are challenged not only by the defining features of social-communication deficits and restricted repetitive behaviors, but also by a myriad of psychopathology varying in severity. Different cognitive deficits underpin these psychopathologies, which could be subjected to intervention to alter the course of the disorder. Understanding domain-specific mediating effects of cognition is essential for developing targeted intervention strategies. However, the high degree of inter-correlation among different cognitive functions hinders elucidation of individual effects. METHODS In the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, 218 individuals with ASD were matched with 872 non-ASD controls on sex, age, race, and socioeconomic status. Participants of this cohort were deeply and broadly phenotyped on neurocognitive abilities and dimensional psychopathology. Using structural equation modeling, inter-correlation among cognitive domains were adjusted before mediation analysis on outcomes of multi-domain psychopathology and functional level. RESULTS While social cognition, complex cognition, and memory each had a unique pattern of mediating effect on psychopathology domains in ASD, none had significant effects on the functional level. In contrast, executive function was the only cognitive domain that exerted a generalized negative impact on every psychopathology domain (p factor, anxious-misery, psychosis, fear, and externalizing), as well as functional level. CONCLUSIONS Executive function has a unique association with the severity of comorbid psychopathology in ASD, and could be a target of interventions. As executive dysfunction occurs variably in ASD, our result also supports the clinical utility of assessing executive function for prognostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W. H. Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela M. W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sandra Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Larsen B, Baller EB, Boucher AA, Calkins ME, Laney N, Moore TM, Roalf DR, Ruparel K, Gur RC, Gur RE, Georgieff MK, Satterthwaite TD. Development of Iron Status Measures during Youth: Associations with Sex, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Cognitive Performance, and Brain Structure. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:121-131. [PMID: 37146760 PMCID: PMC10375461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is essential to brain function, and iron deficiency during youth may adversely impact neurodevelopment. Understanding the developmental time course of iron status and its association with neurocognitive functioning is important for identifying windows for intervention. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize developmental change in iron status and understand its association with cognitive performance and brain structure during adolescence using data from a large pediatric health network. METHODS This study included a cross-sectional sample of 4899 participants (2178 males; aged 8-22 y at the time of participation, M [SD] = 14.24 [3.7]) who were recruited from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia network. Prospectively collected research data were enriched with electronic medical record data that included hematological measures related to iron status, including serum hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin (33,015 total samples). At the time of participation, cognitive performance was assessed using the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery, and brain white matter integrity was assessed using diffusion-weighted MRI in a subset of individuals. RESULTS Developmental trajectories were characterized for all metrics and revealed that sex differences emerged after menarche such that females had reduced iron status relative to males [all R2partial > 0.008; all false discovery rates (FDRs) < 0.05]. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with higher hemoglobin concentrations throughout development (R2partial = 0.005; FDR < 0.001), and the association was greatest during adolescence. Higher hemoglobin concentrations were associated with better cognitive performance during adolescence (R2partial = 0.02; FDR < 0.001) and mediated the association between sex and cognition (mediation effect = -0.107; 95% CI: -0.191, -0.02). Higher hemoglobin concentration was also associated with greater brain white matter integrity in the neuroimaging subsample (R2partial = 0.06, FDR = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Iron status evolves during youth and is lowest in females and individuals of low socioeconomic status during adolescence. Diminished iron status during adolescence has consequences for neurocognition, suggesting that this critical period of neurodevelopment may be an important window for intervention that has the potential to reduce health disparities in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Erica B Baller
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander A Boucher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nina Laney
- Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David R Roalf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn/Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Fusar-Poli L, Rodolico A, Martinez M, Fichera C, Lin BD, Basadonne I, Concerto C, Aguglia E, Guloksuz S, Signorelli MS. The association between polygenic risk scores for mental disorders and social cognition: A scoping review. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 164:389-401. [PMID: 37418886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
People with mental disorders, such as psychosis or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), often present impairments in social cognition (SC), which may cause significant difficulties in real-world functioning. SC deficits are seen also in unaffected relatives, indicating a genetic substratum. The present review evaluated the evidence on the association between SC and the polygenic risk score (PRS), a single metric of the molecular genetic risk to develop a specific disorder. In July 2022, we conducted systematic searches in Scopus and PubMed following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We selected original articles written in English reporting results on the association between PRSs for any mental disorder and domains of SC either in people with mental disorders or controls. The search yielded 244 papers, of which 13 were selected for inclusion. Studies tested mainly PRSs for schizophrenia, ASD, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Emotion recognition was the most investigated domain of SC. Overall, evidence revealed that currently available PRSs for mental disorders do not explain variation in SC performances. To enhance the understanding of mechanisms underlying SC in mental disorders, future research should focus on the development of transdiagnostic PRSs, study their interaction with environmental risk factors, and standardize outcome measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Martinez
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Clarissa Fichera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Bochao D Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Basadonne
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmen Concerto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Psychiatry Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Levinson T, Prettyman G, Savage C, White L, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Ruparel K, Gur RE, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH. Activation of Internal Correctness Monitoring Circuitry in Youths With Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:542-550. [PMID: 37019760 PMCID: PMC10164703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-directed performance monitoring is a critical contributor to cognitive performance and general functioning and is impacted by psychiatric symptoms and personality traits, but has been understudied in psychosis-risk states. We have shown that ventral striatum (VS) responds to correctness during cognitive tasks where no explicit feedback is required, and this intrinsic reinforcement response is reduced in schizophrenia. METHODS Here, we examined this phenomenon in youths (n = 796, age range 11-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) performing a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging task. We hypothesized that VS would respond to internal correctness monitoring, while classic salience network regions, such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex, would reflect internal error monitoring and that these responses would increase with age. We expected that neurobehavioral measures of performance monitoring would be reduced in youths with subclinical psychosis spectrum features and would correlate with amotivation severity. RESULTS Supporting these hypotheses, we found correct>incorrect activation in VS and incorrect>correct activation in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. Furthermore, VS activation was positively correlated with age, reduced in youths with psychosis spectrum features, and inversely correlated with amotivation. However, these patterns were not significant in anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings advance our understanding of the neural underpinnings of performance monitoring and its impairment in adolescents with psychosis spectrum features. Such understanding can facilitate investigation of the developmental trajectory of normative and aberrant performance monitoring; contribute to early identification of youths at elevated risk for poor academic, occupational, or psychiatric outcomes; and provide potential targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - Greer Prettyman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chloe Savage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Nakua H, Hawco C, Forde NJ, Joseph M, Grillet M, Johnson D, Jacobs GR, Hill S, Voineskos A, Wheeler AL, Lai MC, Szatmari P, Georgiades S, Nicolson R, Schachar R, Crosbie J, Anagnostou E, Lerch JP, Arnold PD, Ameis SH. Systematic comparisons of different quality control approaches applied to three large pediatric neuroimaging datasets. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120119. [PMID: 37068719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor quality T1-weighted brain scans systematically affect the calculation of brain measures. Removing the influence of such scans requires identifying and excluding scans with noise and artefacts through a quality control (QC) procedure. While QC is critical for brain imaging analyses, it is not yet clear whether different QC approaches lead to the exclusion of the same participants. Further, the removal of poor-quality scans may unintentionally introduce a sampling bias by excluding the subset of participants who are younger and/or feature greater clinical impairment. This study had two aims: 1) examine whether different QC approaches applied to T1-weighted scans would exclude the same participants, and 2) examine how exclusion of poor-quality scans impacts specific demographic, clinical and brain measure characteristics between excluded and included participants in three large pediatric neuroimaging samples. METHODS We used T1-weighted, resting-state fMRI, demographic and clinical data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders network (Aim 1: n=553, Aim 2: n=465), the Healthy Brain Network (Aim 1: n=1051, Aim 2: n=558), and the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (Aim 1: n=1087; Aim 2: n=619). Four different QC approaches were applied to T1-weighted MRI (visual QC, metric QC, automated QC, fMRI-derived QC). We used tetrachoric correlation and inter-rater reliability analyses to examine whether different QC approaches excluded the same participants. We examined differences in age, mental health symptoms, everyday/adaptive functioning, IQ and structural MRI-derived brain indices between participants that were included versus excluded following each QC approach. RESULTS Dataset-specific findings revealed mixed results with respect to overlap of QC exclusion. However, in POND and HBN, we found a moderate level of overlap between visual and automated QC approaches (rtet=0.52-0.59). Implementation of QC excluded younger participants, and tended to exclude those with lower IQ, and lower everyday/adaptive functioning scores across several approaches in a dataset-specific manner. Across nearly all datasets and QC approaches examined, excluded participants had lower estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume, but this effect did not differ by QC approach. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide insight into the influence of QC decisions on structural pediatric imaging analyses. While different QC approaches exclude different subsets of participants, the variation of influence of different QC approaches on clinical and brain metrics is minimal in large datasets. Overall, implementation of QC tends to exclude participants who are younger, and those who have more cognitive and functional impairment. Given that automated QC is standardized and can reduce between-study differences, the results of this study support the potential to use automated QC for large pediatric neuroimaging datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Nakua
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Joseph
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maud Grillet
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Delaney Johnson
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace R Jacobs
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Hill
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Traumatic stress load and stressor reactivity score associated with accelerated gray matter maturation in youths indexed by normative models. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1137-1145. [PMID: 36575305 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01908-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how traumatic stress affects typical brain development during adolescence is critical to elucidate underlying mechanisms related to both maladaptive functioning and resilience after traumatic exposures. The current study aimed to map deviations from normative ranges of brain gray matter for youths with traumatic exposures. For each cortical and subcortical gray matter region, normative percentiles of variations were established using structural MRI from typically developing youths without any traumatic exposure (n = 245; age range = 8-23) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). The remaining PNC participants with neuroimaging data (n = 1129) were classified as either within the normative range (5-95%), delayed (>95%) or accelerated (<5%) maturational ranges for each region using the normative model. An averaged quantile regression index was calculated across all regions. Mediation models revealed that high traumatic stress load was positively associated with poorer cognitive functioning and greater psychopathology, and these associations were mediated by accelerated gray matter maturation. Furthermore, higher stressor reactivity scores, which represent a less resilient response under traumatic stress, were positively correlated with greater acceleration of gray matter maturation (r = 0.224, 95% CI = [0.17, 0.28], p < 0.001), suggesting that more accelerated maturation was linked to greater stressor response regardless of traumatic stress load. We conclude that traumatic stress is a source of deviation from normative brain development associated with poorer cognitive functioning and more psychopathology in the long run.
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Moore TM, Di Sandro A, Scott JC, Lopez KC, Ruparel K, Njokweni LJ, Santra S, Conway DS, Port AM, D'Errico L, Rush S, Wolf DH, Calkins ME, Gur RE, Gur RC. Construction of a computerized adaptive test (CAT-CCNB) for efficient neurocognitive and clinical psychopathology assessment. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 386:109795. [PMID: 36657647 PMCID: PMC9892357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional paper-and-pencil neurocognitive evaluations and semi-structured mental health interviews can take hours to administer and score. Computerized assessment has decreased that burden substantially, and contemporary psychometric tools such as item response theory and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) allow even further abbreviation. NEW METHOD The goal of this paper was to describe the application of CAT and related methods to the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB) and a well-validated clinical assessment in order to increase efficiency in assessment and relevant domain coverage. To calibrate item banks for CAT, N = 5053 participants (63% female; mean age 45 years, range 18-80) were collected from across the United States via crowdsourcing, providing item parameters that were then linked to larger item banks and used in individual test construction. Tests not amenable to CAT were abbreviated using complementary short-form methods. RESULTS The final "CAT-CCNB" battery comprised 21 cognitive tests (compared to 14 in the original) and five adaptive clinical scales (compared to 16 in the original). COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This new battery, derived with contemporary psychometric approaches, provides further improvements over existing assessments that use collections of fixed-length tests developed for stand-alone administration. The CAT-CCNB provides an improved version of the CNB that shows promise as a maximally efficient tool for neuropsychiatric assessment. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate CAT-CCNB will help satisfy the clear need for broad yet efficient measurement of cognitive and clinical domains, facilitating implementation of large-scale, "big science" approaches to data collection, and potential widespread clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Akira Di Sandro
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, 19104, USA
| | - Katherine C Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucky J Njokweni
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Satrajit Santra
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Conway
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison M Port
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa D'Errico
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sage Rush
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lifespan Brain Institute (LiBI), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Murtha K, Larsen B, Pines A, Parkes L, Moore TM, Adebimpe A, Bertolero M, Alexander-Bloch A, Calkins ME, Davila DG, Lindquist MA, Mackey AP, Roalf DR, Scott JC, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Gur RE, Barzilay R, Satterthwaite TD. Associations between neighborhood socioeconomic status, parental education, and executive system activation in youth. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1058-1073. [PMID: 35348659 PMCID: PMC9930626 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) can impact cognitive performance, including working memory (WM). As executive systems that support WM undergo functional neurodevelopment during adolescence, environmental stressors at both individual and community levels may influence cognitive outcomes. Here, we sought to examine how SES at the neighborhood and family level impacts task-related activation of the executive system during adolescence and determine whether this effect mediates the relationship between SES and WM performance. To address these questions, we studied 1,150 youths (age 8-23) that completed a fractal n-back WM task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We found that both higher neighborhood SES and parental education were associated with greater activation of the executive system to WM load, including the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and precuneus. The association of neighborhood SES remained significant when controlling for task performance, or related factors like exposure to traumatic events. Furthermore, high-dimensional multivariate mediation analysis identified distinct patterns of brain activity within the executive system that significantly mediated the relationship between measures of SES and task performance. These findings underscore the importance of multilevel environmental factors in shaping executive system function and WM in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Murtha
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bart Larsen
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adam Pines
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linden Parkes
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maxwell Bertolero
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron Alexander-Bloch
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Diego G Davila
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Allyson P Mackey
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James C Scott
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Neurodevelopment and Psychosis Section, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Castro Martínez JC, Santamaría-García H. Understanding mental health through computers: An introduction to computational psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1092471. [PMID: 36824671 PMCID: PMC9941647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1092471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational psychiatry recently established itself as a new tool in the study of mental disorders and problems. Integration of different levels of analysis is creating computational phenotypes with clinical and research values, and constructing a way to arrive at precision psychiatry are part of this new branch. It conceptualizes the brain as a computational organ that receives from the environment parameters to respond to challenges through calculations and algorithms in continuous feedback and feedforward loops with a permanent degree of uncertainty. Through this conception, one can seize an understanding of the cerebral and mental processes in the form of theories or hypotheses based on data. Using these approximations, a better understanding of the disorder and its different determinant factors facilitates the diagnostics and treatment by having an individual, ecologic, and holistic approach. It is a tool that can be used to homologate and integrate multiple sources of information given by several theoretical models. In conclusion, it helps psychiatry achieve precision and reproducibility, which can help the mental health field achieve significant advancement. This article is a narrative review of the basis of the functioning of computational psychiatry with a critical analysis of its concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Camilo Castro Martínez
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Ph.D. Programa de Neurociencias, Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco – Trinity College Dublin, San Francisco, CA, United States
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37
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Demontis D, Walters GB, Athanasiadis G, Walters R, Therrien K, Nielsen TT, Farajzadeh L, Voloudakis G, Bendl J, Zeng B, Zhang W, Grove J, Als TD, Duan J, Satterstrom FK, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bækved-Hansen M, Gudmundsson OO, Magnusson SH, Baldursson G, Davidsdottir K, Haraldsdottir GS, Agerbo E, Hoffman GE, Dalsgaard S, Martin J, Ribasés M, Boomsma DI, Soler Artigas M, Roth Mota N, Howrigan D, Medland SE, Zayats T, Rajagopal VM, Nordentoft M, Mors O, Hougaard DM, Mortensen PB, Daly MJ, Faraone SV, Stefansson H, Roussos P, Franke B, Werge T, Neale BM, Stefansson K, Børglum AD. Genome-wide analyses of ADHD identify 27 risk loci, refine the genetic architecture and implicate several cognitive domains. Nat Genet 2023; 55:198-208. [PMID: 36702997 PMCID: PMC10914347 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with a major genetic component. Here, we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of ADHD comprising 38,691 individuals with ADHD and 186,843 controls. We identified 27 genome-wide significant loci, highlighting 76 potential risk genes enriched among genes expressed particularly in early brain development. Overall, ADHD genetic risk was associated with several brain-specific neuronal subtypes and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In exome-sequencing data from 17,896 individuals, we identified an increased load of rare protein-truncating variants in ADHD for a set of risk genes enriched with probable causal common variants, potentially implicating SORCS3 in ADHD by both common and rare variants. Bivariate Gaussian mixture modeling estimated that 84-98% of ADHD-influencing variants are shared with other psychiatric disorders. In addition, common-variant ADHD risk was associated with impaired complex cognition such as verbal reasoning and a range of executive functions, including attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - G Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Georgios Athanasiadis
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raymond Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen Therrien
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trine Tollerup Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Biau Zeng
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas D Als
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jinjie Duan
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - F Kyle Satterstrom
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Bækved-Hansen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olafur O Gudmundsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Gisli Baldursson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Katrin Davidsdottir
- The Centre for Child Development and Behaviour, Capital Area Primary Health Care, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gyda S Haraldsdottir
- The Centre for Child Development and Behaviour, Capital Area Primary Health Care, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Esben Agerbo
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gabriel E Hoffman
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Services of the Capital Region, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Center, Glostrup, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joanna Martin
- Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Howrigan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- PROMENTA, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veera M Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital-Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Neonatal Screening, Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Panos Roussos
- Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Capital Region of Denmark, Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine - Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark.
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38
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Lee MM, Drury BC, McGrath LM, Stoodley CJ. Shared grey matter correlates of reading and attention. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 237:105230. [PMID: 36731345 PMCID: PMC10153583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of reading (developmental dyslexia) and attention (ADHD) have a high rate of comorbidity (25-40%), yet little is known about the neural underpinnings of this phenomenon. The current study investigated the shared and unique neural correlates of reading and attention in 330 typically developing children ages 8-18 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify regions of the brain where grey matter (GM) volume was associated with reading or attention scores (p < 0.001, cluster FDR p < 0.05). Better attention scores correlated with increased GM in the precuneus and higher reading scores were associated with greater thalamic GM. An exploratory conjunction analysis (p < 0.05, k > 239) found that GM in the caudate and precuneus correlated with both reading and attention scores. These results are consistent with a recent meta-analysis which identified GM reductions in the caudate in both dyslexia and ADHD and reveal potential shared neural correlates of reading and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa M Lee
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | - Brianne C Drury
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, American University, United States
| | | | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Psychology, American University, United States; Department of Neuroscience, American University, United States.
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39
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Tsima BM, Lowenthal ED, Van Pelt AE, Moore TM, Matshaba M, Gur RC, Tshume O, Thuto B, Scott JC. Test-Retest Reliability of a Computerized Neurocognitive Battery in School-Age Children with HIV in Botswana. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:131-138. [PMID: 35988538 PMCID: PMC9868525 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is prevalent among children and adolescents in Botswana, but standardized neurocognitive testing is limited. The Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PennCNB) attempts to streamline evaluation of neurocognitive functioning and has been culturally adapted for use among youth in this high-burden, low-resource setting. However, its reliability across measurements (i.e., test-retest reliability) is unknown. This study examined the test-retest reliability of the culturally adapted PennCNB in 65 school-age children (age 7-17) living with HIV in Botswana. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for PennCNB summary scores (ICCs > 0.80) and domain scores (ICCs = 0.66-0.88) were higher than those for individual tests, which exhibited more variability (ICCs = 0.50-0.82), with the lowest reliability on memory tests. Practice effects were apparent on some measures, especially within memory and complex cognition domains. Taken together, the adapted PennCNB exhibited adequate test-retest reliability at the domain level but variable reliability for individual tests. Differences in reliability should be considered in implementation of these tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy M Tsima
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Elizabeth D Lowenthal
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Global Health Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amelia E Van Pelt
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Global Health Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mogomotsi Matshaba
- Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ontibile Tshume
- Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Boitumelo Thuto
- Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - J Cobb Scott
- Brain Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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40
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Craig SJ, Kenney AM, Lin J, Paul IM, Birch LL, Savage JS, Marini ME, Chiaromonte F, Reimherr ML, Makova KD. Constructing a polygenic risk score for childhood obesity using functional data analysis. ECONOMETRICS AND STATISTICS 2023; 25:66-86. [PMID: 36620476 PMCID: PMC9813976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecosta.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a highly heritable condition that affects increasing numbers of adults and, concerningly, of children. However, only a small fraction of its heritability has been attributed to specific genetic variants. These variants are traditionally ascertained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which utilize samples with tens or hundreds of thousands of individuals for whom a single summary measurement (e.g., BMI) is collected. An alternative approach is to focus on a smaller, more deeply characterized sample in conjunction with advanced statistical models that leverage longitudinal phenotypes. Novel functional data analysis (FDA) techniques are used to capitalize on longitudinal growth information from a cohort of children between birth and three years of age. In an ultra-high dimensional setting, hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are screened, and selected SNPs are used to construct two polygenic risk scores (PRS) for childhood obesity using a weighting approach that incorporates the dynamic and joint nature of SNP effects. These scores are significantly higher in children with (vs. without) rapid infant weight gain-a predictor of obesity later in life. Using two independent cohorts, it is shown that the genetic variants identified in very young children are also informative in older children and in adults, consistent with early childhood obesity being predictive of obesity later in life. In contrast, PRSs based on SNPs identified by adult obesity GWAS are not predictive of weight gain in the cohort of young children. This provides an example of a successful application of FDA to GWAS. This application is complemented with simulations establishing that a deeply characterized sample can be just as, if not more, effective than a comparable study with a cross-sectional response. Overall, it is demonstrated that a deep, statistically sophisticated characterization of a longitudinal phenotype can provide increased statistical power to studies with relatively small sample sizes; and shows how FDA approaches can be used as an alternative to the traditional GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J.C. Craig
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park
- Center for Medical Genomics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ana M. Kenney
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Junli Lin
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ian M. Paul
- Center for Medical Genomics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Leann L. Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jennifer S. Savage
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Michele E. Marini
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Francesca Chiaromonte
- Center for Medical Genomics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
- EMbeDS, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matthew L. Reimherr
- Center for Medical Genomics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Statistics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
| | - Kateryna D. Makova
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park
- Center for Medical Genomics, Penn State University, University Park, PA
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41
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Imperiale MN, Lieb R, Calkins ME, Meinlschmidt G. Transdiagnostic symptom networks in relation to mental health service use in community youth. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:119-130. [PMID: 36059253 PMCID: PMC10087894 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to scrutinize whether psychopathology symptom networks differ between those with and without lifetime: treatment seeking, treatment and treatment of longer duration. METHODS We created non-exclusive groups of subjects with versus without lifetime treatment seeking, treatment and treatment of mid-long-term duration. We estimated Ising models and carried out network comparison tests (NCTs) to compare (a) overall connectivity and (b) network structure. Furthermore, we examined node strength. We used propensity score matching (PSM) to minimize potential confounding by indication for service use. RESULTS Based on data from 9,172 participants, there were no statistically significant differences in overall connectivity and network structure in those with versus without lifetime: treatment seeking (p = .75 and p = .82, respectively), treatment (p = .63 and p = .49, respectively) and treatment of mid-longterm duration (p = .15 and p = .62, respectively). Notably, comparing networks with versus without service use consistently revealed higher node strength in 'obsessions' and 'aggression' and lower node strength in 'elevated mood' in all networks with service use. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that after adjusting for potential confounding by indication for service use, there was no indication of an association in overall connectivity or network structure for lifetime treatment seeking, treatment and treatment of longer duration. However, selected structurally important symptoms differed consistently in all three comparisons. Our findings highlight the potential of network analysis methods to examine treatment mechanisms and outcomes. Specifically, more granular network characteristics on the node level may complement and enrich traditional outcomes in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Imperiale
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roselind Lieb
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gunther Meinlschmidt
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, International Psychoanalytic University, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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42
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Mahony BW, Tu D, Rau S, Liu S, Lalonde FM, Alexander-Bloch AF, Satterthwaite TD, Shinohara RT, Bassett DS, Milham MP, Raznahan A. IQ Modulates Coupling Between Diverse Dimensions of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 62:59-73. [PMID: 35868430 PMCID: PMC9805478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Correlations between cognitive ability and psychopathology are well recognized, but prior research has been limited by focusing on individuals with intellectual disability, single-diagnosis psychiatric populations, or few measures of psychopathology. Here, we quantify relationships between full-scale IQ and multiple dimensions of psychopathology in a diverse care-seeking population, with a novel focus on differential coupling between psychopathology dimensions as a function of IQ. METHOD A total of 70 dimensional measures of psychopathology, plus IQ and demographic data, were collated for 2,752 children and adolescents from the Healthy Brain Network dataset. We first examined univariate associations between IQ and psychopathology, and then characterized how the correlational architecture of psychopathology differs between groups at extremes of the IQ distribution. RESULTS Associations with IQ vary in magnitude between different domains of psychopathology: IQ shows the strongest negative correlations with attentional and social impairments, but is largely unrelated to affective symptoms and psychopathy. Lower IQ is associated with stronger coupling between internalizing problems and aggression, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity/inattentiveness. CONCLUSION Our analyses reveal that variation in general cognitive ability is associated not only with significant and selective shifts in severity of psychopathology, but also in the coupling between different dimensions of psychopathology. These findings have relevance for the clinical assessment of mental health in populations with varying IQ, and may also inform ongoing efforts to improve the measurement of psychopathology and to understand how relationships between cognition and behavior are reflected in brain organization. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex balance in the selection of non-human subjects. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danni Tu
- Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Srishti Rau
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Children's National Health System, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Siyuan Liu
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Dani S Bassett
- Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Santa Fe Institute, New Mexico
| | | | - Armin Raznahan
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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43
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Cui Z, Pines AR, Larsen B, Sydnor VJ, Li H, Adebimpe A, Alexander-Bloch AF, Bassett DS, Bertolero M, Calkins ME, Davatzikos C, Fair DA, Gur RC, Gur RE, Moore TM, Shanmugan S, Shinohara RT, Vogel JW, Xia CH, Fan Y, Satterthwaite TD. Linking Individual Differences in Personalized Functional Network Topography to Psychopathology in Youth. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:973-983. [PMID: 35927072 PMCID: PMC10040299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial layout of large-scale functional brain networks differs between individuals and is particularly variable in the association cortex, implicated in a broad range of psychiatric disorders. However, it remains unknown whether this variation in functional topography is related to major dimensions of psychopathology in youth. METHODS The authors studied 790 youths ages 8 to 23 years who had 27 minutes of high-quality functional magnetic resonance imaging data as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Four correlated dimensions were estimated using a confirmatory correlated traits factor analysis on 112 item-level clinical symptoms, and one overall psychopathology factor with 4 orthogonal dimensions were extracted using a confirmatory factor analysis. Spatially regularized nonnegative matrix factorization was used to identify 17 individual-specific functional networks for each participant. Partial least square regression with split-half cross-validation was conducted to evaluate to what extent the topography of personalized functional networks encodes major dimensions of psychopathology. RESULTS Personalized functional network topography significantly predicted unseen individuals' major dimensions of psychopathology, including fear, psychosis, externalizing, and anxious-misery. Reduced representation of association networks was among the most important features for the prediction of all 4 dimensions. Further analysis revealed that personalized functional network topography predicted overall psychopathology (r = 0.16, permutation testing p < .001), which drove prediction of the 4 correlated dimensions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individual differences in functional network topography in association networks is related to overall psychopathology in youth. Such results underscore the importance of considering functional neuroanatomy for personalized diagnostics and therapeutics in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixu Cui
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Adam R Pines
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bart Larsen
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie J Sydnor
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongming Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Azeez Adebimpe
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico
| | - Max Bertolero
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Damien A Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheila Shanmugan
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cedric H Xia
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Niu X, Taylor A, Shinohara RT, Kounios J, Zhang F. Multidimensional brain-age prediction reveals altered brain developmental trajectory in psychiatric disorders. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5036-5049. [PMID: 35094075 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-age prediction has emerged as a novel approach for studying brain development. However, brain regions change in different ways and at different rates. Unitary brain-age indices represent developmental status averaged across the whole brain and therefore do not capture the divergent developmental trajectories of various brain structures. This staggered developmental unfolding, determined by genetics and postnatal experience, is implicated in the progression of psychiatric and neurological disorders. We propose a multidimensional brain-age index (MBAI) that provides regional age predictions. Using a database of 556 individuals, we identified clusters of imaging features with distinct developmental trajectories and built machine learning models to obtain brain-age predictions from each of the clusters. Our results show that the MBAI provides a flexible analysis of region-specific brain-age changes that are invisible to unidimensional brain-age. Importantly, brain-ages computed from region-specific feature clusters contain complementary information and demonstrate differential ability to distinguish disorder groups (e.g., depression and oppositional defiant disorder) from healthy controls. In summary, we show that MBAI is sensitive to alterations in brain structures and captures distinct regional change patterns that may serve as biomarkers that contribute to our understanding of healthy and pathological brain development and the characterization and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Niu
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexei Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Image Computation and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fengqing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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45
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Alexander-Bloch AF, Sood R, Shinohara RT, Moore TM, Calkins ME, Chertavian C, Wolf DH, Gur RC, Satterthwaite TD, Gur RE, Barzilay R. Connectome-wide Functional Connectivity Abnormalities in Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:1068-1077. [PMID: 34375730 PMCID: PMC8821731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive symptomatology (OCS) is common in adolescence but usually does not meet the diagnostic threshold for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Nevertheless, both obsessive-compulsive disorder and subthreshold OCS are associated with increased likelihood of experiencing other serious psychiatric conditions, including depression and suicidal ideation. Unfortunately, there is limited information on the neurobiology of OCS. METHODS Here, we undertook one of the first brain imaging studies of OCS in a large adolescent sample (analyzed n = 832) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We investigated resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging functional connectivity using complementary analytic approaches that focus on different neuroanatomical scales, from known functional systems to connectome-wide tests. RESULTS We found a robust pattern of connectome-wide, OCS-related differences, as well as evidence of specific abnormalities involving known functional systems, including dorsal and ventral attention, frontoparietal, and default mode systems. Analysis of cerebral perfusion imaging and high-resolution structural imaging did not show OCS-related differences, consistent with domain specificity to functional connectivity. CONCLUSIONS The brain connectomic associations with OCS reported here, together with early studies of its clinical relevance, support the potential for OCS as an early marker of psychiatric risk that may enhance our understanding of mechanisms underlying the onset of adolescent psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Alexander-Bloch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Rahul Sood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Casey Chertavian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; CHOP/Penn Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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46
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Kjelkenes R, Wolfers T, Alnæs D, Norbom LB, Voldsbekk I, Holm M, Dahl A, Berthet P, Tamnes CK, Marquand AF, Westlye LT. Deviations from normative brain white and gray matter structure are associated with psychopathology in youth. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101173. [PMID: 36332329 PMCID: PMC9637865 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining imaging modalities and metrics that are sensitive to various aspects of brain structure and maturation may help identify individuals that show deviations in relation to same-aged peers, and thus benefit early-risk-assessment for mental disorders. We used one timepoint multimodal brain imaging, cognitive, and questionnaire data from 1280 eight- to twenty-one-year-olds from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We estimated age-related gray and white matter properties and estimated individual deviation scores using normative modeling. Next, we tested for associations between the estimated deviation scores, and with psychopathology domain scores and cognition. More negative deviations in DTI-based fractional anisotropy (FA) and the first principal eigenvalue of the diffusion tensor (L1) were associated with higher scores on psychosis positive and prodromal symptoms and general psychopathology. A more negative deviation in cortical thickness (CT) was associated with a higher general psychopathology score. Negative deviations in global FA, surface area, L1 and CT were also associated with poorer cognitive performance. No robust associations were found between the deviation scores based on CT and DTI. The low correlations between the different multimodal magnetic resonance imaging-based deviation scores suggest that psychopathological burden in adolescence can be mapped onto partly distinct neurobiological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikka Kjelkenes
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding authors at: Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Wolfers
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B. Norbom
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Madelene Holm
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pierre Berthet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway,Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, & Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway,Corresponding authors at: Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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47
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Xavier RM, Calkins ME, Bassett DS, Moore TM, George WT, Taylor JH, Gur RE. Characterizing Youth-Caregiver Concordance and Discrepancies in Psychopathology Symptoms in a US Community Sample. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:1004-1013. [PMID: 35839118 PMCID: PMC9709771 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2099494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that reports of psychopathology symptoms by youth and their caregiver informants differ. To quantify youth-caregiver discrepancies in psychopathology symptoms and factors associated with such discrepancies, we investigated differences in how youth and their caregivers rated psychopathology symptoms. The sample (N = 5094) was extracted from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, a community-based sample of youth and included participants ages 11-17 years old with both youth and caregiver reported symptom scores. Across psychopathology symptoms, youth-caregiver concordance was poor to fair (Cohens kappa for symptom items ranged between 0.03-0.41). Psychosis symptoms had the lowest concordance-Cohen's kappa ranged from 0.03 to 0.17 across psychosis symptoms. Discrepancies between youth and caregiver symptom reports were greater than average for Black youth and for youth of low socioeconomic status; discrepancies were also higher than average in youth with any psychiatric disorder when compared to typically developing youth. Network analysis of difference scores obtained by subtracting youth symptom scores from caregiver reported symptom scores showed that network connectivity (i.e., correlated difference scores) was sparsest for psychosis spectrum compared to other psychiatric disorders. Using a large sample, we show that youth and their caregiver informants tend to report psychopathology symptoms differently. Youth-caregiver discrepancies were the most pronounced for Black youth and youth of low socio-economic status. Race and socioeconomic status contribute to significant differences in how youth and their caregivers report such symptoms and are important factors that should be accounted for to facilitate accurate mental health symptom assessment and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Xavier
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Departments of Bioengineering, Psychiatry, Neurology, Physics & Astronomy, Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jerome H. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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48
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Moore TM, Calkins ME, Rosen AFG, Butler ER, Ruparel K, Fusar-Poli P, Koutsouleris N, McGuire P, Cannon TD, Gur RC, Gur RE. Development of a probability calculator for psychosis risk in children, adolescents, and young adults. Psychol Med 2022; 52:3159-3167. [PMID: 33431073 PMCID: PMC8273212 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720005231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of risks of illnesses has been an important part of medicine for decades. We now have hundreds of 'risk calculators' for illnesses, including brain disorders, and these calculators are continually improving as more diverse measures are collected on larger samples. METHODS We first replicated an existing psychosis risk calculator and then used our own sample to develop a similar calculator for use in recruiting 'psychosis risk' enriched community samples. We assessed 632 participants age 8-21 (52% female; 48% Black) from a community sample with longitudinal data on neurocognitive, clinical, medical, and environmental variables. We used this information to predict psychosis spectrum (PS) status in the future. We selected variables based on lasso, random forest, and statistical inference relief; and predicted future PS using ridge regression, random forest, and support vector machines. RESULTS Cross-validated prediction diagnostics were obtained by building and testing models in randomly selected sub-samples of the data, resulting in a distribution of the diagnostics; we report the mean. The strongest predictors of later PS status were the Children's Global Assessment Scale; delusions of predicting the future or having one's thoughts/actions controlled; and the percent married in one's neighborhood. Random forest followed by ridge regression was most accurate, with a cross-validated area under the curve (AUC) of 0.67. Adjustment of the model including only six variables reached an AUC of 0.70. CONCLUSIONS Results support the potential application of risk calculators for screening and identification of at-risk community youth in prospective investigations of developmental trajectories of the PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M. Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Adon F. G. Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ellyn R. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kosha Ruparel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Germany
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Behavior Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Chand GB, Singhal P, Dwyer DB, Wen J, Erus G, Doshi J, Srinivasan D, Mamourian E, Varol E, Sotiras A, Hwang G, Dazzan P, Kahn RS, Schnack HG, Zanetti MV, Meisenzahl E, Busatto GF, Crespo-Facorro B, Pantelis C, Wood SJ, Zhuo C, Shinohara RT, Shou H, Fan Y, Koutsouleris N, Kaczkurkin AN, Moore TM, Verma A, Calkins ME, Gur RE, Gur RC, Ritchie MD, Satterthwaite TD, Wolf DH, Davatzikos C. Schizophrenia Imaging Signatures and Their Associations With Cognition, Psychopathology, and Genetics in the General Population. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:650-660. [PMID: 35410495 PMCID: PMC9444886 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21070686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence and significance of schizophrenia-related phenotypes at the population level is debated in the literature. Here, the authors assessed whether two recently reported neuroanatomical signatures of schizophrenia-signature 1, with widespread reduction of gray matter volume, and signature 2, with increased striatal volume-could be replicated in an independent schizophrenia sample, and investigated whether expression of these signatures can be detected at the population level and how they relate to cognition, psychosis spectrum symptoms, and schizophrenia genetic risk. METHODS This cross-sectional study used an independent schizophrenia-control sample (N=347; ages 16-57 years) for replication of imaging signatures, and then examined two independent population-level data sets: typically developing youths and youths with psychosis spectrum symptoms in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N=359; ages 16-23 years) and adults in the UK Biobank study (N=836; ages 44-50 years). The authors quantified signature expression using support-vector machine learning and compared cognition, psychopathology, and polygenic risk between signatures. RESULTS Two neuroanatomical signatures of schizophrenia were replicated. Signature 1 but not signature 2 was significantly more common in youths with psychosis spectrum symptoms than in typically developing youths, whereas signature 2 frequency was similar in the two groups. In both youths and adults, signature 1 was associated with worse cognitive performance than signature 2. Compared with adults with neither signature, adults expressing signature 1 had elevated schizophrenia polygenic risk scores, but this was not seen for signature 2. CONCLUSIONS The authors successfully replicated two neuroanatomical signatures of schizophrenia and describe their prevalence in population-based samples of youths and adults. They further demonstrated distinct relationships of these signatures with psychosis symptoms, cognition, and genetic risk, potentially reflecting underlying neurobiological vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh B Chand
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Pankhuri Singhal
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Dominic B Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Junhao Wen
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Guray Erus
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Jimit Doshi
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Dhivya Srinivasan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Elizabeth Mamourian
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Erdem Varol
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Gyujoon Hwang
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Hugo G Schnack
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Marcus V Zanetti
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Geraldo F Busatto
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Haochang Shou
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Yong Fan
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Antonia N Kaczkurkin
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Tyler M Moore
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Anurag Verma
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Daniel H Wolf
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
| | - Christos Davatzikos
- Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, Satterthwaite, Wolf, Davatzikos, Shinohara, Shou), Department of Radiology (Chand, Wen, Erus, Doshi, Srinivasan, Mamourian, Varol, Sotiras, Hwang, Fan, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Davatzikos), Department of Genetics (Singhal, Verma, Ritchie), Department of Psychiatry (Kaczkurkin, Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite, Wolf), and Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (Shinohara, Shou), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine (Chand, Sotiras), and Institute of Informatics (Sotiras), Washington University in St. Louis; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich (Dwyer, Koutsouleris); Department of Statistics, Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York (Varol); Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Dazzan); Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (Kahn); Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Schnack); Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti, Busatto); Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil (Zanetti); LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany (Meisenzahl); Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, IBiS-CIBERSAM, University of Sevilla, Spain (Crespo-Facorro); Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Australia (Pantelis); Orygen, National Centre of Excellence for Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, and Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia (Wood); School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); Department of Psychiatric Neuroimaging Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Anding Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (Zhuo); Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville (Kaczkurkin); Lifespan Brain Institute of Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Moore, Calkins, R.E. Gur, R.C. Gur, Satterthwaite)
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Feraco T, Cona G. Differentiation of general and specific abilities in intelligence. A bifactor study of age and gender differentiation in 8- to 19-year-olds. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2022.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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