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Dong W, Zhao Y, Li X, Huo J, Wang W. Corn silk polysaccharides attenuate diabetic nephropathy through restoration of the gut microbial ecosystem and metabolic homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232132. [PMID: 38111708 PMCID: PMC10726137 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is complex, inflammation is the central link among the inducing factors in the existing research, and the gutkidney axis could scientifically explain the reasons for the accumulation of chronic low-grade inflammation. As both a medicine and food, corn silk contains abundant polysaccharides. Historical studies and modern research have both confirmed its intervention effect on diabetes and DN, but the mechanism of action is unclear. Methods In this study, a DN rat model was generated, and the therapeutic effect of corn silk polysaccharides (CSPs) was evaluated based on behavioral, histopathological and biochemical indicators. We attempted to fully understand the interactions between CSPs, the gut microbiota and the host at the systemic level from a gut microbiota metabolomics perspective to fundamentally elucidate the mechanisms of action that can be used to intervene in DN. Results Research has found that the metabolic pathways with a strong correlation with CSPs were initially identified as glycerophosphate, fatty acid, bile acid, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism and involved Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136- group and Dubosiella, suggesting that the effect of CSPs on improving DN is related to changes in metabolite profiles and gut microbiota characteristics. Discussion CSPs could be harnessed to treat the abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances such as bile acids and uremic toxins caused by changes in gut microbiota, thus alleviating kidney damage caused by inflammation. In view of its natural abundance, corn silk is safe and nontoxic and can be used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Institue of Chinese Materia, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Shichiri M, Suzuki H, Isegawa Y, Tamai H. Application of regulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation to disease treatment. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 72:13-22. [PMID: 36777080 PMCID: PMC9899923 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.22-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many diseases in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are involved in their pathogenesis are known, and antioxidants that effectively capture ROS have been identified and developed, there are only a few diseases for which antioxidants have been used for treatment. Here, we discuss on the following four concepts regarding the development of applications for disease treatment by regulating ROS, free radicals, and lipid oxidation with the findings of our research and previous reports. Concept 1) Utilization of antioxidants for disease treatment. In particular, the importance of the timing of starting antioxidant will be discussed. Concept 2) Therapeutic strategies using ROS and free radicals. Methods of inducing ferroptosis, which has been advocated as an iron-dependent cell death, are mentioned. Concept 3) Treatment with drugs that inhibit the synthesis of lipid mediators. In addition to the reduction of inflammatory lipid mediators by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and leukotriene synthesis, we will introduce the possibility of disease treatment with lipoxygenase inhibitors. Concept 4) Disease treatment by inducing the production of useful lipid mediators for disease control. We describe the treatment of inflammatory diseases utilizing pro-resolving mediators and propose potential compounds that activate lipoxygenase to produce these beneficial mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Isegawa
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women’s University, 6-46 Ikebiraki, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
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Fang J, Zhang Y, Gerencser AA, Brand MD. Effects of sugars, fatty acids and amino acids on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from liver cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:92-102. [PMID: 35716827 PMCID: PMC9363135 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rates of formation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at different electron-donating sites in isolated mitochondria are critically dependent on the substrates that are added, through their effects on the reduction level of each site and the components of the protonmotive force. However, in intact cells the acute effects of added substrates on different sites of cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production are unclear. Here we tested the effects of substrate addition on cytosolic and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release from intact AML12 liver cells. In 30-min starved cells replete with endogenous substrates, addition of glucose, fructose, palmitate, alanine, leucine or glutamine had no effect on the rate or origin of cellular hydrogen peroxide release. However, following 150-min starvation of the cells to deplete endogenous glycogen (and other substrates), cellular hydrogen peroxide production, particularly from NADPH oxidases (NOXs), was decreased, GSH/GSSH ratio increased, and antioxidant gene expression was unchanged. Addition of glucose or glutamine (but not the other substrates) increased hydrogen peroxide release. There were similar relative increases from each of the three major sites of production: mitochondrial sites IQ and IIIQo, and cytosolic NOXs. Glucose supplementation also restored ATP production and mitochondrial NAD reduction level, suggesting that the increased rates of hydrogen peroxide release from the mitochondrial sites were driven by increases in the protonmotive force and the degree of reduction of the electron transport chain. Long-term (24 h) glucose or glutamine deprivation also diminished hydrogen peroxide release rate, ATP production rate and (for glucose deprivation) NAD reduction level. We conclude that the rates of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production from mitochondrial sites in liver cells are insensitive to extra added substrates when endogenous substrates are not depleted, but these rates are decreased when endogenous substrates are lowered by 150 min of starvation, and can be enhanced by restoring glucose or glutamine supply through improvements in mitochondrial energetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Yini Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Akos A Gerencser
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
| | - Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA, 94945, USA.
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4
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Yao L, Liang X, Qiao Y, Chen B, Wang P, Liu Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic tubulopathy. Metabolism 2022; 131:155195. [PMID: 35358497 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Recently, the major focus of glomerular lesions of DKD has partly shifted to diabetic tubulopathy because of renal insufficiency and prognosis of patients is closely related to tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Indeed, the proximal tubule enriching in mitochondria for its high energy demand and dependence on aerobic metabolism has given us pause to focus primarily on the mitochondria-centric view of early diabetic tubulopathy. Multiple studies suggest that diabetes condition directly damages renal tubules, resulting in mitochondria dysfunction, including decreased bioenergetics, overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROSs), defective mitophagy and dynamics disturbances, which in turn trigger a series of metabolic abnormalities. However, the precise mechanism underlying mitochondrial dysfunction of renal tubules is still in its infancy. Understanding tubulointerstitial's pathobiology would facilitate the search for new biomarkers of DKD. In this Review, we summarize the current literature and postulate that the potential effects of mitochondrial dysfunction may accelerate initiation of early-stage diabetic tubulopathy, as well as their potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yao
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xianhui Liang
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Blood Purification Center & Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China; Research Institute of Nephrology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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Spatial-resolved metabolomics reveals tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy by using mass spectrometry imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3665-3677. [PMID: 34900545 PMCID: PMC8642449 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge on tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is vital for more accurate understanding the molecular pathological signature and developing novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, a spatial-resolved metabolomics approach based on air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) integrated mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was proposed to investigate tissue-specific metabolic alterations in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated DN rats and the therapeutic effect of astragaloside IV, a potential anti-diabetic drug, against DN. As a result, a wide range of functional metabolites including sugars, amino acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, fatty acids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerides, carnitine and its derivatives, vitamins, peptides, and metal ions associated with DN were identified and their unique distribution patterns in the rat kidney were visualized with high chemical specificity and high spatial resolution. These region-specific metabolic disturbances were ameliorated by repeated oral administration of astragaloside IV (100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. This study provided more comprehensive and detailed information about the tissue-specific metabolic reprogramming and molecular pathological signature in the kidney of diabetic rats. These findings highlighted the promising potential of AFADESI and MALDI integrated MSI based metabolomics approach for application in metabolic kidney diseases.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- AFADESI, air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization
- AGEs, advanced glycation end products
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AMPK, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
- AST, astragaloside IV
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Astragaloside IV
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CL, cardiolipin
- Cre, creatinine
- DAG, diacylglycerol
- DESI, desorption electrospray ionization
- DM, diabetes mellitus
- DN, diabetic nephropathy
- DPA, docosapentaenoic acid
- Diabetic nephropathy
- ESKD, end-stage kidney disease
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- GLU, glucose
- GMP, guanosine monophosphate
- GSH, glutathione
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin
- LysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholine
- LysoPG, lysophosphatidylglycerol
- MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSI, mass spectrometry imaging
- Mass spectrometry imaging
- Metabolic reprogramming
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Na-CMC, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
- PA, phosphatidic acid
- PC, phosphatidylcholine
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PG, phosphatidylglycerol
- PPP, pentose phosphate pathway
- PS, phosphatidylserine
- PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids
- ROI, regions of interest
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDH, succinate dehydrogenase
- SGLTs, sodium-glucose cotransporters
- SM, sphingomyelin
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Spatial-resolved metabolomics
- TCA, tricarboxylic acid
- TCHO, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- UMP, uridine monophosphate
- VIP, variable importance in projection
- p-AMPK, phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
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Li W, Zeng H, Xu M, Huang C, Tao L, Li J, Zhang T, Chen H, Xia J, Li C, Li X. Oleanolic Acid Improves Obesity-Related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Regulating Macrophages Activation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:697483. [PMID: 34393781 PMCID: PMC8361479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.697483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissues, primarily mediated by adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), is the key pathogenic link between obesity and metabolic disorders. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid possessing anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation effects, but the machinery is poorly understood. This study investigated the detailed mechanisms of OA on adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, then daily intragastric administrated with vehicle, 25 and 50 mg/kg OA for 4 weeks. Comparing with vehicle, OA administration in obese mice greatly improved insulin resistance, and reduced adipose tissue hypertrophy, ATM infiltration as well as the M1/M2 ratio. The pro-inflammatory markers were significantly down-regulated by OA in both adipose tissue of obese mice and RAW264.7 macrophages treated with interferon gamma/lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ/LPS). Furthermore, it was found that OA suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome through decreasing voltage dependent anion channels (VDAC) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This is the first report that oleanolic acid exerts its benefits by affecting mitochondrial function and macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kim K, Cha SJ, Choi HJ, Kang JS, Lee EY. Dysfunction of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Drosophila Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010067. [PMID: 33477666 PMCID: PMC7831917 DOI: 10.3390/life11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), its mechanisms are poorly understood, and it remains debatable whether mitochondrial morphological change is a cause of DN. In this study, a Drosophila DN model was established by treating a chronic high-sucrose diet that exhibits similar phenotypes in animals. Results showed that flies fed a chronic high-sucrose diet exhibited a reduction in lifespan, as well as increased lipid droplets in fat body tissue. Furthermore, the chronic high-sucrose diet effectively induced the morphological abnormalities of nephrocytes in Drosophila. High-sucrose diet induced mitochondria fusion in nephrocytes by increasing Opa1 and Marf expression. These findings establish Drosophila as a useful model for studying novel regulators and molecular mechanisms for imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of DN. Furthermore, understanding the pathology of mitochondrial dysfunction regarding morphological changes in DN would facilitate the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.Y.L.)
| | - Sun Joo Cha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Jun Choi
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jeong Suk Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Project, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (E.Y.L.); Tel.: +82-41-413-5024 (K.K.); +82-41-570-3684 (E.Y.L.); Fax: +82-41-413-5006 (K.K. & E.Y.L.)
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Mechanism of progression of diabetic kidney disease mediated by podocyte mitochondrial injury. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8023-8035. [PMID: 32918716 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important diabetic microvascular complication, which has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) all over the world. It is of great significance to find effective therapeutic targets and improve the prognosis of the disease. Traditionally, it is believed that the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is the main reason for the progression of DKD, but with the progress of research, it is known that the production of proteinuria in patients with DKD is also related to podocyte injury and loss. Many studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes plays an important role in the occurrence and development of DKD, and oxidative stress is also the main pathway and common hub of diabetes to the occurrence and development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Thus, the occurrence and progression of DKD is correlated with not only the activation of the RAAS, but also the damage of mitochondria, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators. Besides, diabetes-related metabolic disorders can also cause abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy and cellular signal transduction, which are intertwined in a complex way. Therefore, in this review, we mainly explore the mechanism and the latest research progress of podocyte mitochondria in DKD and summarize the main signal pathways involved in them. Thus, it provides feasible clinical application and future research suggestions for the prevention and treatment of DKD, which has important practical significance for the later treatment of patients with DKD.
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Chian CW, Lee YS, Lee YJ, Chen YH, Wang CP, Lee WC, Lee HJ. Cilostazol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting highglucose- induced apoptosis. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:403-412. [PMID: 32830147 PMCID: PMC7445481 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.5.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a hyperglycemia-induced progressive development of renal insufficiency. Excessive glucose can increase mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce cell damage, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Our previous study indicated that cilostazol (CTZ) can reduce ROS levels and decelerate DN progression in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the potential mechanisms of CTZ in rats with DN and in high glucose-treated mesangial cells. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 5 mg/kg/day of CTZ after developing STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Electron microscopy revealed that CTZ reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane and improved mitochondrial morphology in mesangial cells of diabetic kidney. CTZ treatment reduced excessive kidney mitochondrial DNA copy numbers induced by hyperglycemia and interacted with the intrinsic pathway for regulating cell apoptosis as an antiapoptotic mechanism. In high-glucose-treated mesangial cells, CTZ reduced ROS production, altered the apoptotic status, and down-regulated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Base on the results of our previous and current studies, CTZ deceleration of hyperglycemia-induced DN is attributable to ROS reduction and thereby maintenance of the mitochondrial function and reduction in TGF-β and NF-κB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wen Chian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Paediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shu Lee
- Department of Urology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10341, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lee
- Division of Nephropathy, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memborial Hospital, Changhua 505, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 496:108-116. [PMID: 31276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease worldwide, the pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of DKD. Because the kidney is the organ with the second highest oxygen consumption in our body, it is distinctly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease irrespective of underlying cause. More importantly, high plasma glucose directly damages renal tubular cells, resulting in a wide range of metabolic and cellular dysfunction. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of apoptotic pathway, and defective mitophagy are interlinked mechanisms that play pivotal roles in the progression of DKD. Although renal tubular cells have the highest mitochondrial content, podocytes, mesangial cells, and glomerular endothelial cells may all be affected by diabetes-induced mitochondrial injury. Urinary mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is readily detectable and may serve as a marker of mitochondrial damage in DKD. Unfortunately, pharmacologic modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction for the treatment of DKD is still in its infancy. Nonetheless, understanding the pathobiology of mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD would facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Guo T, Liu T, Sun Y, Liu X, Xiong R, Li H, Li Z, Zhang Z, Tian Z, Tian Y. Sonodynamic therapy inhibits palmitate-induced beta cell dysfunction via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:457. [PMID: 31186419 PMCID: PMC6560035 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the overload of glucose and lipids can promote oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and contribute to the failure of beta cells. However, therapies that can modulate the function of beta cells and thus prevent their failure have not been well explored. In this study, beta cell injury model was established with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate the lipotoxicity (high-fat diet) found in T2DM. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel physicochemical treatment, was applied to treat injured beta cells. We found that SDT had specific effects on mitochondria and induced transient large amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in beta cells. SDT also improved the morphology and function of abnormal mitochondria, inhibited inflammatory response and reduced beta cell dysfunction. The improvement of mitochondria was mediated by PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Additionally, SDT rescued the transcription of PINK1 mRNA which was blocked by PA treatment, thus providing abundant PINK1 for mitophagy. Moreover, SDT also increased insulin secretion from beta cells. The protective effects of SDT were abrogated when mitophagy was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). In summary, SDT potently inhibits lipotoxicity-induced beta cell failure via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, providing theoretical guidance for T2DM treatment in aspects of islet protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Tianyang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xianna Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Rongguo Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Laboratory of Photo- and Sono-theranostic Technologies and Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acoustic Photoelectric Magnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Acoustic Photoelectric Magnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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12
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Bergman HM, Lindfors L, Palm F, Kihlberg J, Lanekoff I. Metabolite aberrations in early diabetes detected in rat kidney using mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2809-2816. [PMID: 30895347 PMCID: PMC6522648 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a serious complication of diabetes that can ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease is complex, and fundamental research is still required to provide a better understanding of the driving forces behind it. We report regional metabolic aberrations from an untargeted mass spectrometry imaging study of kidney tissue using an insulinopenic rat model of diabetes. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of streptozotocin, and kidneys were harvested 2 weeks thereafter. Imaging was performed using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization connected to a high-mass-resolving mass spectrometer. No histopathological changes were observed in the kidney sections; however, mass spectrometry imaging revealed a significant increase in several 18-carbon unsaturated non-esterified fatty acid species and monoacylglycerols. Notably, these 18-carbon acyl chains were also constituents of several increased diacylglycerol species. In addition, a number of short- and long-chain acylcarnitines were found to be accumulated while several amino acids were depleted. This study presents unique regional metabolic data indicating a dysregulated energy metabolism in renal mitochondria as an early response to streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Lindfors
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingela Lanekoff
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box 599, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Hwang I, Uddin MJ, Lee G, Jiang S, Pak ES, Ha H. Peroxiredoxin 3 deficiency accelerates chronic kidney injury in mice through interactions between macrophages and tubular epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:162-172. [PMID: 30529270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become epidemic worldwide. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is an important mediator of CKD, and Prx3 plays a critical role in maintenance of mitochondrial ROS. The present study examined the role of Prx3 in the context of fibrosis, a common feature of CKD, using Prx3 KO mice under obstructive and diabetic stress. Prx3 deficiency accelerated fibrosis and inflammation accompanied by mitochondrial oxidative stress in obstructed and diabetic kidneys as well as in proximal tubular epithelial (mProx) cells. In addition, Prx3 deficiency induced Raw264.7 macrophages activation, leading to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Conditioned media from LPS-stimulated Prx3 deficient macrophages accelerated proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines in mProx cells. Interestingly, Prx3 deficiency induced most inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines at basal condition in both tissues and cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Prx3 deficiency can accelerate CKD through interactions between macrophages and tubular epithelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginase/genetics
- Arginase/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Songling Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage activation and function in diabetes. Immunobiology 2018; 224:242-253. [PMID: 30739804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a diabetic milieu high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced. This contributes to the vascular complications of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that ROS formation is exacerbated in diabetic monocytes and macrophages due to a glycolytic metabolic shift. Macrophages are important players in the progression of diabetes and promote inflammation through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. Because ROS is an important mediator for the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, obesity and hyperglycemia-induced ROS production may favor induction of M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophages during diabetes onset and progression. ROS induces MAPK, STAT1, STAT6 and NFκB signaling, and interferes with macrophage differentiation via epigenetic (re)programming. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of ROS on macrophage phenotype and function is needed in order to improve treatment of diabetes and its vascular complications. In the current comprehensive review, we dissect the role of ROS in macrophage polarization, and analyze how ROS production links metabolism and inflammation in diabetes and its complications. Finally, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells in diabetic complications.
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15
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Eltablawy N, Ashour H, Rashed LA, Hamza WM. Vitamin D protection from rat diabetic nephropathy is partly mediated through Klotho expression and renin-angiotensin inhibition. Arch Physiol Biochem 2018; 124:461-467. [PMID: 29308676 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1423624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesised that vitamin D has a beneficial renal protective effect from diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS Four rat groups were included: normal control (control), type 2 diabetes for eight weeks (DM), treated group with angiotensin receptor blocker losartan (DM + L), and vitamin D-treated group started from the onset of diabetes (DM + Vit D). RESULTS In the both treated groups, we found a significant (p < .05) reduction in the renal pro-inflammatory and profibrotic markers induced by diabetes. Vitamin D caused more reduction in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor (TGFβ-1), and renin-angiotensin levels that gave better kidney function compared to the DM + L group. CONCLUSION Vitamin D may have a valuable role in the renal protective effect from DN, this may occur via expression of its VDR, Klotho and blocking renin-angiotensin activation, so vitamin D should be considered as a target in renal prophylactic measures against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa Eltablawy
- a Department of Medical Physiology , Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- a Department of Medical Physiology , Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Wael Mostafa Hamza
- c Department of Pathology (Nephropathology) , Kasr Alainy, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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16
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Geng TT, Jafar TH, Yuan JM, Koh WP. Sleep duration and risk of end-stage renal disease: the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Sleep Med 2018; 54:22-27. [PMID: 30529773 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although epidemiological evidence suggests that short sleep duration may affect renal function, the influence of long sleep and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unclear. We examined the association between sleep duration and risk of ESRD. METHODS We investigated sleep duration and ESRD risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective population-based cohort of 63,257 Chinese in Singapore, who were aged 45-74 years at recruitment (1993-1998). Information on daily sleep duration (including naps), diet, medical history and other lifestyle factors was collected at recruitment from in-person interviews. ESRD cases were identified via linkage with the nationwide Singapore Renal Registry through year 2014. We used the Cox proportional hazards regression method to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ESRD in relation to sleep duration. RESULTS After an average 16.8 years of follow-up, 1143 (1.81%) ESRD cases were documented. Sleep duration had a U-shaped association with risk of ESRD (P for quadratic trend < 0.001). Compared with participants with 7 h/day of sleep, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of ESRD was 1.43 (1.18-1.74) for short sleep (≤5 h/day) and 1.28 (1.03-1.60) for long sleep duration (≥9 h/day). The increased risk was stronger in participants with more than 10 years of follow-up compared to those with shorter follow-up time, especially for long sleep (P for interaction = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that both short and long sleep durations were associated with a higher risk of ESRD in this Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Geng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tazeen Hasan Jafar
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Shi JX, Huang Q. Glucagon‑like peptide‑1 protects mouse podocytes against high glucose‑induced apoptosis, and suppresses reactive oxygen species production and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, through sirtuin 1 activation in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1789-1797. [PMID: 29845208 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon‑like peptide‑1 (GLP‑1) is a gut incretin hormone that is considered to be a promising target for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of GLP‑1 on diabetic nephropathy are yet to be fully elucidated. Sirtuin (SIRT)1 encodes a member of the SIRT family of proteins that serves an important role in mitochondrial function and is reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. The present study treated mouse podocytes with various concentrations of D‑glucose to establish a high glucose (HG)‑induced model of renal injury. The results of a 2',7'‑dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide staining and ELISA demonstrated that treatment of podocytes with HG significantly enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoted cell apoptosis and increased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, respectively. The cytokines increased following HG treatment included tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑1β and IL‑6. Notably, treatment with GLP‑1 attenuated HG‑induced increases in ROS production and podocyte apoptosis, which may occur via downregulation of the expression of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, and increased expression of nephrin, podocin and SIRT1, as determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Treatment with GLP‑1 led to protective effects in podocytes that were similar to those of resveratrol. Furthermore, SIRT1 knockdown using short hairpin RNA significantly enhanced the expression of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in mouse podocytes, compared with normal mouse podocytes. SIRT1 knockdown with or without GLP‑1 administration significantly decreased the expression of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 in mouse podocytes, compared with SIRT1 knockdown mouse podocytes. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that GLP‑1 may be a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for HG‑induced nephropathy, and may function through the activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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18
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Lau WL, Lin HYH, Wang PH. Urine mitochondrial DNA and diabetic nephropathy—a new frontier. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33:719-721. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling Lau
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hugo You-Hsien Lin
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Defining risk factors for DKD using a reductionist approach has proven challenging. Integrative omics-based systems biology tools have shed new insights in our understanding of DKD and have provided several key breakthroughs for identifying novel predictive and diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we highlight the role of the Warburg effect in DKD and potential regulating factors such as sphingomyelin, fumarate, and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 in shifting glucose flux from complete oxidation in mitochondria to the glycolytic pathway and its principal branches. With the development of highly sensitive instruments and more advanced automatic bioinformatics tools, we believe that omics analyses and imaging techniques will focus more on singular-cell-level studies, which will allow in-depth understanding of DKD and pave the path for personalized kidney precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshi Zhang
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, TX; Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX.
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20
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Sha J, Sui B, Su X, Meng Q, Zhang C. Alteration of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines induces apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7715-7723. [PMID: 28944839 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant long‑term complications in terms of morbidity and mortality for diabetic patients; however, the exact cause remains unknown. To address this, the DN model was established, and oxidative stress indexes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and inflammatory cytokines, includinginterleukin‑6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α) and transforming growth factor‑beta (TGF‑β), were examined by ELISA. Renal pathological alterations and cell apoptosis was examined by hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick‑end labeling staining, respectively. The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2 associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3 wereexamined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The DN model was correctly established, with lower body weight and the higher blood glucose in the diabetes model group. The expression levels of SOD and GSH‑Px were significantly decreased in the diabetes model group; however, MDA, IL‑6, TNF‑α and TGF‑β were significantly increased. The kidney was severely damaged in the diabetes model group, with inflammatory cell invasion, increasing amount of interstitial matrix and hypertrophy with vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular cells. Cell apoptosis levels were significantly increased, and Bcl‑2 was significantly decreased in the diabetes model group in contrast with that of the sham group; however, Bax and caspase‑3 were significantly increased. It suggested that increased oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines may enhance the apoptosis levels in DN, and may provide a significant diagnostic reference for DN in diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Sha
- School of Sports Science and Health, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Bo Sui
- School of Sports Science and Health, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- Department of Endoscopy, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250200, P.R. China
| | - Qingfang Meng
- School of Social Sports Science, Shandong Sports University, Jinan, Shandong 250102, P.R. China
| | - Chenggang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
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21
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Peterson RG, Jackson CV, Zimmerman KM. The ZDSD rat: a novel model of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4236-4249. [PMID: 28979697 PMCID: PMC5622266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ZDSD rat is a new obese-diabetic rat model that expresses type 2 diabetes in the presence of an intact leptin pathway. During a long pre-diabetic state, the animals exhibit most of the features of metabolic syndrome including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance and decreased glucose disposal. The animals used in these studies were either allowed to become spontaneously diabetic at 16-30 weeks of age, or diabetes was induced with a diabetogenic diet. In the presence of either spontaneous or diet-induced diabetes, they develop progressive albuminuria as well as increases in other urinary markers of impaired renal function (kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), β2-microglobulin, clusterin and cystatin C). Typical morphological changes of nephropathy, such as glomerular capillary basement membrane thickening and podocyte effacement, accompany these marker increases. Lisinopril (ACEi) treatment (30 mg/kg/day via the diet) dramatically reduced diabetes-induced albuminuria by 85%, independent of the duration of diabetes or the initial albumin excretion. These results position the ZDSD rat as a relevant model of diabetic nephropathy that can be treated with clinically effective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Peterson
- Crown Bioscience Indiana7918 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis 46268, Indiana, USA
| | - Charles Van Jackson
- Crown Bioscience Indiana7918 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis 46268, Indiana, USA
| | - Karen M Zimmerman
- Crown Bioscience Indiana7918 Zionsville Rd, Indianapolis 46268, Indiana, USA
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22
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Bin Feng, Meng R, Bin Huang, Bi Y, Shen S, Zhu D. Silymarin protects against renal injury through normalization of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in high fat-fed mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017. [PMID: 28625483 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney diseases and the conventional treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors is not enough to prevent renal injury and prolong the progression of disease. Recently, silymarin has shown protective effects on renal tissue injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential capacity of silymarin to prevent renal injury during obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD) in mice. In vivo, male C57BL/6 mice received HFD (60% of total calories) for 12 weeks, randomized and treated orally with vehicle saline or silymarin (30mg/kg body weight/d) for 4 weeks. In vitro, human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) were exposed to 300μM palmitic acid (PA) for 36h followed by silymarin administration at different concentrations. The administration of silymarin significantly ameliorated HFD induced glucose metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and pathological alterations in the kidney. Silymarin significantly mitigated renal lipid accumulation, fatty acid β-oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in HFD mice and PA treated HK2 cells. Furthermore, silymarin partly restored mitochondrial membrane potential of HK2 cells after PA exposure. In conclusion, silymarin can improve oxidative stress and preserve mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney, potentially via preventing accumulation of renal lipids and fatty acid β-oxidation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Obesity/diet therapy
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Palmitic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diet therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Silymarin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Yan Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Dalong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
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23
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Esculetin ameliorates insulin resistance and type 2 diabetic nephropathy through reversal of histone H3 acetylation and H2A lysine 119 monoubiquitination. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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24
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Shah MS, Brownlee M. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disorders in Diabetes. Circ Res 2017; 118:1808-29. [PMID: 27230643 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The clinical correlations linking diabetes mellitus with accelerated atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, and increased post-myocardial infarction fatality rates are increasingly understood in mechanistic terms. The multiple mechanisms discussed in this review seem to share a common element: prolonged increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in diabetic cardiovascular cells. Intracellular hyperglycemia causes excessive ROS production. This activates nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which inhibits GAPDH, shunting early glycolytic intermediates into pathogenic signaling pathways. ROS and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase also reduce sirtuin, PGC-1α, and AMP-activated protein kinase activity. These changes cause decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, increased ROS production, and disturbed circadian clock synchronization of glucose and lipid metabolism. Excessive ROS production also facilitates nuclear transport of proatherogenic transcription factors, increases transcription of the neutrophil enzyme initiating NETosis, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, and activates the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome. Insulin resistance causes excessive cardiomyocyte ROS production by increasing fatty acid flux and oxidation. This stimulates overexpression of the nuclear receptor PPARα and nuclear translocation of forkhead box O 1, which cause cardiomyopathy. ROS also shift the balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission in favor of increased fission, reducing the metabolic capacity and efficiency of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial oxidative stress also plays a central role in angiotensin II-induced gap junction remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. ROS contribute to sudden death in diabetics after myocardial infarction by increasing post-translational protein modifications, which cause increased ryanodine receptor phosphorylation and downregulation of sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(++)-ATPase transcription. Increased ROS also depress autonomic ganglion synaptic transmission by oxidizing the nAch receptor α3 subunit, potentially contributing to the increased risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias associated with diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi S Shah
- From the Diabetes Research Center (M.S.S., M.B.), Departments of Medicine (M.S.S., M.B.), and Pathology (M.B.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY
| | - Michael Brownlee
- From the Diabetes Research Center (M.S.S., M.B.), Departments of Medicine (M.S.S., M.B.), and Pathology (M.B.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY.
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25
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Schiffer TA, Friederich-Persson M. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Kidney Hypoxia in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:211. [PMID: 28443030 PMCID: PMC5386984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms in the development of diabetic nephropathy are currently unclear and likely consist of a series of dynamic events from the early to late stages of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is currently without curative treatments and it is acknowledged that even the earliest clinical manifestation of nephropathy is preceded by an established morphological renal injury that is in turn preceded by functional and metabolic alterations. An early manifestation of the diabetic kidney is the development of kidney hypoxia that has been acknowledged as a common pathway to nephropathy. There have been reports of altered mitochondrial function in the diabetic kidney such as altered mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, uncoupling, and cellular signaling through hypoxia inducible factors and AMP-kinase. These factors are also likely to be intertwined in a complex manner. In this review, we discuss how these pathways are connected to mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and how they may relate to the development of kidney hypoxia in diabetic nephropathy. From available literature, it is evident that early correction and/or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction may be pivotal in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköping, Sweden
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26
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Zou H, Wu G, Lv J, Xu G. Relationship of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) and bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2) polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1264-1272. [PMID: 28390948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether ACE2 I/D and BDKRB23 +9/-9 polymorphism causatively affect diabetic nephropathy progression RESULTS: STZ-induced metabolic disorder, as well as inflammatory responses, was significantly aggravated in ACE II-B2R4+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp diabetic mice but not ACE II-B2R-9bp, indicating the genetic susceptibility of ACE DD or B2R+9bp to diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp rather than ACE II-B2R-9bp, worsened renal performance and enhanced pathological alterations induced by STZ. Markedly elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1), podocin, osteopontin (OPN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and reduced nephrin, podocin were also detected both in diabetic mice and podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions in response to ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp, versus ACE II-B2R-9bp. In addition, high glucose-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell apoptosis were observably increased in response to ACE II-B2R+9bp, ACE DD-B2R+9bp, or ACE DD-B2R-9bp but not ACE II-B2R-9bp. CONCLUSIONS We provide first evidence indicating the causation between ACE DD or B2R+9bp genotype and the increased risk for diabetic nephropathy, broadening our horizon about the role of genetic modulators in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zou
- Medical Center of the Graduate School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Department of Nephrology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinlei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No.17, Yongwai Street, Donghu District, Nanchang, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, China.
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Qi H, Casalena G, Shi S, Yu L, Ebefors K, Sun Y, Zhang W, D'Agati V, Schlondorff D, Haraldsson B, Böttinger E, Daehn I. Glomerular Endothelial Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Essential and Characteristic of Diabetic Kidney Disease Susceptibility. Diabetes 2017; 66:763-778. [PMID: 27899487 PMCID: PMC5319717 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular signaling mechanisms between glomerular cell types during initiation/progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain poorly understood. We compared the early transcriptome profile between DKD-resistant C57BL/6J and DKD-susceptible DBA/2J (D2) glomeruli and demonstrated a significant downregulation of essential mitochondrial genes in glomeruli from diabetic D2 mice, but not in C57BL/6J, with comparable hyperglycemia. Diabetic D2 mice manifested increased mitochondrial DNA lesions (8-oxoguanine) exclusively localized to glomerular endothelial cells after 3 weeks of diabetes, and these accumulated over time in addition to increased urine secretion of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine. Detailed assessment of glomerular capillaries from diabetic D2 mice demonstrated early signs of endothelial injury and loss of fenestrae. Glomerular endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with increased glomerular endothelin-1 receptor type A (Ednra) expression and increased circulating endothelin-1 (Edn1). Selective Ednra blockade or mitochondrial-targeted reactive oxygen species scavenging prevented mitochondrial oxidative stress of endothelial cells and ameliorated diabetes-induced endothelial injury, podocyte loss, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis. In human DKD, increased urine 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine was associated with rapid DKD progression, and biopsies from patients with DKD showed increased mitochondrial DNA damage associated with glomerular endothelial EDNRA expression. Our studies show that DKD susceptibility was linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, mediated largely by Edn1-Ednra in glomerular endothelial cells representing an early event in DKD progression, and suggest that cross talk between glomerular endothelial injury and podocytes leads to defects and depletion, albuminuria, and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Qi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gabriella Casalena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shaolin Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Liping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yezhou Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Vivette D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Detlef Schlondorff
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Börje Haraldsson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erwin Böttinger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ilse Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Cha SH, Lee JH, Kim EA, Shin CH, Jun HS, Jeon YJ. Phloroglucinol accelerates the regeneration of liver damaged by H2O2or MNZ treatment in zebrafish. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ROSs can cause oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. Particularly, liver is a vital organ in vertebrates and easily attacked by ROS. PG attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress, even in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (KMMPC)
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST)
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biology
- The Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy
- Gachon University
- Incheon 21936
- Republic of Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences
- Jeju National University
- Jeju
- Republic of Korea
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29
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Sharma K. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Diabetic Kidney. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:553-562. [PMID: 28551806 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in diabetic complications has been viewed as a source of excess superoxide production leading to cell dysfunction. However, with the lack of benefit of non-specific anti-oxidant approaches this view needs to be re-evaluated. With recent studies using real-time imaging of superoxide, metabolomics, flux studies, transcriptomics and proteomics a new appreciation for the role of mitochondria in the evolution of diabetic kidney disease has emerged. Ongoing studies to further unravel the time course and mechanisms that reduce mitochondrial function will be relevant to novel therapies that could have a major impact on diabetic kidney disease and other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine, Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, 4th Floor, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0711, USA. .,Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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30
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Brand MD. Mitochondrial generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide as the source of mitochondrial redox signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:14-31. [PMID: 27085844 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the generation of reactive oxygen species by mammalian mitochondria, and the status of different sites of production in redox signaling and pathology. Eleven distinct mitochondrial sites associated with substrate oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation leak electrons to oxygen to produce superoxide or hydrogen peroxide: oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes that feed electrons to NAD+; respiratory complexes I and III, and dehydrogenases, including complex II, that use ubiquinone as acceptor. The topologies, capacities, and substrate dependences of each site have recently clarified. Complex III and mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase generate superoxide to the external side of the mitochondrial inner membrane as well as the matrix, the other sites generate superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide exclusively in the matrix. These different site-specific topologies are important for redox signaling. The net rate of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide generation depends on the substrates present and the antioxidant systems active in the matrix and cytosol. The rate at each site can now be measured in complex substrate mixtures. In skeletal muscle mitochondria in media mimicking muscle cytosol at rest, four sites dominate, two in complex I and one each in complexes II and III. Specific suppressors of two sites have been identified, the outer ubiquinone-binding site in complex III (site IIIQo) and the site in complex I active during reverse electron transport (site IQ). These suppressors prevent superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production from a specific site without affecting oxidative phosphorylation, making them excellent tools to investigate the status of the sites in redox signaling, and to suppress the sites to prevent pathologies. They allow the cellular roles of mitochondrial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production to be investigated without catastrophic confounding bioenergetic effects. They show that sites IIIQo and IQ are active in cells and have important roles in redox signaling (e.g. hypoxic signaling and ER-stress) and in causing oxidative damage in a variety of biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Brand
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, United States.
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31
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and redox processes are of key importance in obesity- and diabetes-related kidney disease; however, there remains significant controversy in the field. RECENT ADVANCES New data from imaging and in vivo models of obesity and diabetic kidney disease have shed new insights into this field. In the setting of obesity- and diabetes-related kidney injury, there is a growing recognition that the major moieties of ROS and RNS are hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite with the enzymatic sources being NADPH oxidases and nitric oxide synthase, respectively. However, the role of mitochondrial superoxide as a driver of renal complications remains unclear. CRITICAL ISSUES Several key issues that are often not discussed are the specific ROS and RNS molecules, the source of generation, the location of production, and downstream targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Further understanding of the role of ROS/RNS/redox and their relationship with key signaling and metabolic pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α) will be critical to a new understanding of kidney complications of caloric challenges and new therapeutic approaches. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 208-216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sharma
- 1 Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Institute of Metabolomic Medicine, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, California.,2 Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System , La Jolla, California
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Qiu S, Sun G, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang R. Involvement of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the renoprotective effects of isorhamnetin in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:628-634. [PMID: 27123259 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of isorhamnetin (ISO) in type 2 diabetic rats and its effects on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is associated with diabetic nephropathy. The type 2 diabetic rat model was established by a high-fat diet plus streptozocin injection and the rats were subsequently treated with two dosages of ISO, respectively. The levels of blood glucose were determined. Urinary osteopontin, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and albumin were measured to evaluate the renal function of the rats. Renal NF-κB signaling activity was assessed by measuring the levels of NF-κB p65, phospho-NF-κB p65, inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and phospho-IκBα, and the NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity. Downstream inflammatory mediators [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)] of the NF-κB signaling pathway were investigated to evaluate the renal inflammatory response. Renal levels of malondialdehyde and total superoxide dismutase were detected to access the oxidative stress. Furthermore, glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were treated with lipopolysaccharide and ISO. In the cellular experiment, the NF-κB signaling activity, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1 and TGF-β1, and oxidative stress were also investigated. The results showed that ISO decreased the levels of urinary osteopontin, KIM-1 and albumin. ISO also inhibited the NF-κB signaling activity, decreased the production of inflammatory mediators and attenuated oxidative stress in diabetic rats and GMCs. The present investigations revealed that ISO had ameliorative effects on diabetes-induced renal damage and the activity may be associated with the negative regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Sun
- Blood Purification Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Blood Purification Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Yin F, Sancheti H, Liu Z, Cadenas E. Mitochondrial function in ageing: coordination with signalling and transcriptional pathways. J Physiol 2015; 594:2025-42. [PMID: 26293414 DOI: 10.1113/jp270541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction entailing decreased energy-transducing capacity and perturbed redox homeostasis is an early and sometimes initiating event in ageing and age-related disorders involving tissues with high metabolic rate such as brain, liver and heart. In the central nervous system (CNS), recent findings from our and other groups suggest that the mitochondrion-centred hypometabolism is a key feature of ageing brains and Alzheimer's disease. This hypometabolic state is manifested by lowered neuronal glucose uptake, metabolic shift in the astrocytes, and alternations in mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle function. Similarly, in liver and adipose tissue, mitochondrial capacity around glucose and fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis is found to decline with age and is implicated in age-related metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These mitochondrion-related disorders in peripheral tissues can impact on brain functions through metabolic, hormonal and inflammatory signals. At the cellular level, studies in CNS and non-CNS tissues support the notion that instead of being viewed as autonomous organelles, mitochondria are part of a dynamic network with close interactions with other cellular components through energy- or redox-sensitive cytosolic kinase signalling and transcriptional pathways. Hence, it would be critical to further understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the communication between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. Therapeutic strategies that effectively preserves or improve mitochondrial function by targeting key component of these signalling cascades could represent a novel direction for numerous mitochondrion-implicated, age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Harsh Sancheti
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA
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Kumar A, Yerra VG, Malik RA. Comment on Sharma. Mitochondrial Hormesis and Diabetic Complications. Diabetes 2015;64:663-672. Diabetes 2015; 64:e32-3; discussion e34. [PMID: 26294439 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Veera Ganesh Yerra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
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35
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Lindblom R, Higgins G, Coughlan M, de Haan JB. Targeting Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species-Driven Pathogenesis in Diabetic Nephropathy. Rev Diabet Stud 2015; 12:134-56. [PMID: 26676666 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the major microvascular complications of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Approximately 30% of patients with diabetes experience renal complications. Current clinical therapies can only mitigate the symptoms and delay the progression to end-stage renal disease, but not prevent or reverse it. Oxidative stress is an important player in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The activity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/NS), which are by-products of the diabetic milieu, has been found to correlate with pathological changes observed in the diabetic kidney. However, many clinical studies have failed to establish that antioxidant therapy is renoprotective. The discovery that increased ROS/NS activity is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, cellular senescence, and cell death calls for a refined approach to antioxidant therapy. It is becoming clear that mitochondria play a key role in the generation of ROS/NS and their consequences on the cellular pathways involved in apoptotic cell death in the diabetic kidney. Oxidative stress has also been associated with necrosis via induction of mitochondrial permeability transition. This review highlights the importance of mitochondria in regulating redox balance, modulating cellular responses to oxidative stress, and influencing cell death pathways in diabetic kidney disease. ROS/NS-mediated cellular dysfunction corresponds with progressive disease in the diabetic kidney, and consequently represents an important clinical target. Based on this consideration, this review also examines current therapeutic interventions to prevent ROS/NS-derived injury in the diabetic kidney. These interventions, mainly aimed at reducing or preventing mitochondrial-generated oxidative stress, improving mitochondrial antioxidant defense, and maintaining mitochondrial integrity, may deliver alternative approaches to halt or prevent diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Lindblom
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin Higgins
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda Coughlan
- Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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