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Dubuc A, Rummer JL, Vigliola L, Lemonnier H. Coping with environmental degradation: Physiological and morphological adjustments of wild mangrove fish to decades of aquaculture-induced nutrient enrichment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116599. [PMID: 38878416 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The impact of eutrophication on wild fish individuals is rarely reported. We compared physiological and morphological traits of Siganus lineatus chronically exposed to aquaculture-induced eutrophication in the wild with individuals living at a control site. Eutrophication at the impacted site was confirmed by elevated organic matter (up to 150 % higher), phytoplankton (up to 7 times higher), and reduced oxygen (up to 60 % lower). Physiological and morphological traits of S. lineatus differed significantly between the two sites. Fish from the impacted site exhibited elevated hypoxia tolerance, increased gill surface area, shorter oxygen diffusion distances, and altered blood oxygen-carrying capacity. Elevated blood lactate and scope for anaerobic ATP production were observed, suggesting enhanced survival below critical oxygen levels. A significant 8.5 % increase in metabolic costs and altered allometric scaling, related to environmental degradation, were recorded. Our study underscores eutrophication's profound impact at the organism-level and the importance to mitigate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dubuc
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (IFREMER), UMR Entropie (IFREMER, IRD, UNC, UR, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
| | - J L Rummer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - L Vigliola
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Entropie (IRD, IFREMER, UNC, UR, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - H Lemonnier
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MER (IFREMER), UMR Entropie (IFREMER, IRD, UNC, UR, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia
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2
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Kelly ERM, Trujillo JE, Setiawan A, Pether S, Burritt D, Allan BJM. Investigating the metabolic and oxidative stress induced by biofouled microplastics exposure in Seriola lalandi (yellowtail kingfish). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116438. [PMID: 38749154 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms quickly colonise microplastics entering the ocean, forming a biofilm that, if ingested, is consumed with the microplastics. Past research often neglects to expose fish to biofouled microplastics, opting only for clean microplastics despite the low likelihood that fish will encounter clean microplastics. Here, we investigate the physiological impacts of biofouled polyethylene microplastic (300-335 μm) exposure in juvenile fish. Intermittent flow respirometry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation were investigated after fish were exposed to clean, biofouled, or no microplastic beads. Fish exposed to biofouled microplastics had a wider aerobic scope than those exposed to clean microplastics while antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation levels were higher in clean microplastics. Clean microplastic exposure indicated higher fitness costs, potentially due to a nutritional advantage of the biofilm or varying bioavailability. These findings highlight the importance of replicating natural factors in exposure experiments when predicting the impacts of increasing pollutants in marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José E Trujillo
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | | | - David Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, New Zealand
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3
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Brieske SD, Mullen SC, Rees BB. Method dependency of maximum oxygen uptake rate and its repeatability in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1537-1547. [PMID: 38403734 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The maximum rate at which fish can take up oxygen from their environment to fuel aerobic metabolism is an important feature of their physiology and ecology. Methods to quantify maximum oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2), therefore, should reliably and reproducibly estimate the highest possible ṀO2 by an individual or species under a given set of conditions (peak ṀO2). This study determined peak ṀO2 and its repeatability in Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, subjected to three methods to elevate metabolism: swimming at increasing water speeds, during recovery after an exhaustive chase, and after ingestion of a large meal. Estimates of peak ṀO2 during swimming and after an exhaustive chase were repeatable across two trials, whereas peak ṀO2 after feeding was not. Peak ṀO2 determined by the three methods was significantly different from one another, being highest during swimming, lowest after an exhaustive chase, and intermediate after feeding. In addition, peak ṀO2 during recovery from an exhaustive chase depended on the length of time of recovery: in nearly 60% of the trials, values within the first hour of the chase were lower than those measured later. A novel and important finding was that an individual's peak ṀO2 was not repeatable when compared across methods. Therefore, the peak ṀO2 estimated for a group of fish, as well as the ranking of individual ṀO2 within that group, depends on the method used to elevate aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Brieske
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sylvia C Mullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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du Toit HD, Rishworth GM, Strydom NA, Welman S. High levels of metacercarial infestation (family: Diplostomidae) do not affect host energetics and swimming performance in the Epaulette goby (Coryogalops sordidus, Gobiidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1165-1179. [PMID: 38235536 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Parasites have deleterious effects on their hosts, often resulting in altered host behavior or increased energy expenditure. When organisms are exposed to suboptimal environments, parasite loading may increase. Microbialite pools along the warm temperate South African coastline have been hypothesized as refugia for Epaulette gobies (Coryogalops sordidus, Gobiidae) when they are outside of their previously known subtropical distribution. The aim of this study was to determine if C. sordidus individuals infected with metacercarial cysts display higher metabolic rates or different swimming behavior compared to noninfected individuals. We measured each goby's swimming performance using a critical station-holding speed (Ucrit) test (n = 60) and visually scored their swimming behavior (n = 52) during these measurements. Also, we measured the metabolic rate of gobies using an intermittent flow respirometer system to determine standard metabolic rate (SMR) and maximum metabolic rate (MMR) from gobies at 21°C before and after swimming trials. Metacercarial load carried by infected gobies seemingly had no impact on the host's energetics (SMR or MMR), swimming ability (as repeated Ucrit tests), or swimming behavior compared to noninfected gobies. Thus, the metacercarial intensity observed in gobies in the current study appeared to have no impact on host swimming performance or behavior. Furthermore, the swimming capacity observed for C. sordidus, in general, suggests that this goby is a poor swimmer compared to other gobiid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik D du Toit
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqberha, South Africa
| | - Gavin M Rishworth
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqberha, South Africa
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Nadine A Strydom
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqberha, South Africa
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
| | - Shaun Welman
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqberha, South Africa
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5
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González-Ferreras AM, Barquín J, Blyth PSA, Hawksley J, Kinsella H, Lauridsen R, Morris OF, Peñas FJ, Thomas GE, Woodward G, Zhao L, O'Gorman EJ. Chronic exposure to environmental temperature attenuates the thermal sensitivity of salmonids. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8309. [PMID: 38097543 PMCID: PMC10721842 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism, the biological processing of energy and materials, scales predictably with temperature and body size. Temperature effects on metabolism are normally studied via acute exposures, which overlooks the capacity for organisms to moderate their metabolism following chronic exposure to warming. Here, we conduct respirometry assays in situ and after transplanting salmonid fish among different streams to disentangle the effects of chronic and acute thermal exposure. We find a clear temperature dependence of metabolism for the transplants, but not the in-situ assays, indicating that chronic exposure to warming can attenuate salmonid thermal sensitivity. A bioenergetic model accurately captures the presence of fish in warmer streams when accounting for chronic exposure, whereas it incorrectly predicts their local extinction with warming when incorporating the acute temperature dependence of metabolism. This highlights the need to incorporate the potential for thermal acclimation or adaptation when forecasting the consequences of global warming on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia M González-Ferreras
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
| | - Jose Barquín
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Penelope S A Blyth
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jack Hawksley
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Hugh Kinsella
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rasmus Lauridsen
- Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Salmon and Trout Research Centre, East Stoke, Wareham, BH20 6BB, UK
- Six Rivers Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Olivia F Morris
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Francisco J Peñas
- IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de la Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres 15, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Gareth E Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Guy Woodward
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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6
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Mathiron AGE, Gallego G, Silvestre F. Early-life exposure to permethrin affects phenotypic traits in both larval and adult mangrove rivulus Kryptolebias marmoratus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 259:106543. [PMID: 37105866 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In fishes, the impacts of environmental constraints undergone during development on the behavioural response of individuals are not well understood. Obtaining more information is important since the aquatic environment is widely exposed to pollution involving neurotoxic compounds likely to cause phenotypic changes that can affect animal fitness. We explored how early exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin (PM), a compound known for its neurotoxicity, influences the phenotypic traits in both larvae and adults of the self-fertilizing fish mangrove rivulus, Kryptolebias marmoratus. First, we investigated immediate effects of PM on larvae after one-week exposure (0-7 days post-hatching): larvae exposed to high concentration (200 µg.L-1) grew less, were less active, had negative thigmotaxis and were less likely to capture prey than control individuals and those exposed to low concentration (5 µg.L-1). No difference was found between treatments when considering oxygen consumption rate and cortisol levels. Persistent effects of early exposure to PM on adults (147-149 days post-hatching) showed that fish previously exposed to high concentration of PM overcompensated growth, leading them to finally be longer and heavier than fish from other treatments. Moreover, we evidenced that levels of cortisol interacted with early PM exposure to affect behaviours during dyadic contests. Fish were more likely to initiate fighting behaviours and were more likely to be aggressive when they have low pre-contest levels of cortisol, but these effects were less pronounced when individuals were exposed to PM. This study shows that PM can have both immediate and persistent effects on phenotypic traits in a self-fertilizing vertebrate and suggests that a pyrethroid can interact with hormones action to affect animal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G E Mathiron
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Gil Gallego
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Silvestre
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Institute of Life, Earth, and Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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7
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Salgado-García RL, Kraffe E, Tripp-Valdez MA, Ramírez-Arce JL, Artigaud S, Flye-Sainte-Marie J, Mathieu-Resuge M, Sicard MT, Arellano-Martínez M, Racotta IS. Energy metabolism of juvenile scallops Nodipecten subnodosus under acute increased temperature and low oxygen availability. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 278:111373. [PMID: 36690296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
High temperature increases energy demand in ectotherms, limiting their physiological capability to cope with hypoxic events. The present study aimed to assess the metabolic tolerance of juvenile Nodipecten subnodosus scallops to acute hyperthermia combined with moderate hypoxia. A previous study showed that juveniles exhibited a high upper temperature limit (32 °C), but the responses of juveniles to combined hyperthermia and low dissolved oxygen are unknown. Scallops were exposed to control conditions (treatment C: 22 °C, ∼7.1 mg O2 L-1 or PO2 156.9 mmHg), acute hyperthermia under normoxia (treatment T: 30 °C, ∼6.0 mg O2 L-1 or PO2 150.9 mmHg) or acute hyperthermia plus hypoxia (treatment TH: 30 °C, ∼2.5 mg O2 L-1 or PO2 62.5 mmHg) for 18 h. In T, juveniles exhibited an enhanced oxygen consumption, together with a decrease in adenylate energy charge (AEC) and arginine phosphate (ArgP), and with no changes in metabolic enzyme activity in the muscle. In TH, scallops maintained similar AEC and ArgP levels in muscle as those observed in T treatment. This response occurred along with the accumulation of inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine. Besides, reduced citrate synthase and pyruvate kinase activities, enhanced hexokinase activity, and a higher octopine dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio in the mantle indicated the onset of anaerobiosis in TH. These responses indicate that juvenile scallops showed tissue-specific compensatory responses regarding their energy balance under moderate hypoxia at high temperatures. Our results give an insight into the tolerance limit of this species to combined hyperthermia and hypoxia in its northern limit of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa L Salgado-García
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Edouard Kraffe
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | - Miguel A Tripp-Valdez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Jose L Ramírez-Arce
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Sebastien Artigaud
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzane, France.
| | | | | | - M Teresa Sicard
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Marcial Arellano-Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Ilie S Racotta
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S. C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
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Lowes HM, Eliason EJ, Snihur KN, Alessi DS, Blewett TA. Copper toxicity does not affect low tide emersion tolerance of Mytilus galloprovincialis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114750. [PMID: 36857994 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal mussels are well adapted to withstand emersion from water during low tide, but they may be intermittently exposed to waterborne toxicants such as copper, which targets physiological processes including metabolism, ammonia excretion, and osmoregulation. To determine if copper exposure damages intertidal organisms' ability to tolerate tidal emersion, Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were exposed to copper for 96 h followed by 6 h of emersion. Oxygen uptake increased after copper exposure which suggests that copper accumulation caused moderate stress in the mussels, but ammonia excretion and anaerobic metabolism were unaffected by mixed copper and emersion exposures. Shell composition analyses indicate that cycles of copper exposure and tidal emersion may affect bivalve shell growth, but copper deposition into shells may decrease the metal's overall toxicity. Results suggest that copper does not damage M. galloprovincialis's tolerance to tidal emersion, and insight is provided into the mussel's ability to overcome mixed stressor exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Lowes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara 93106, CA, USA
| | - Katherine N Snihur
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2R3, AB, Canada.
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9
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Mancuso FP, Giommi C, Mangano MC, Airoldi L, Helmuth B, Sarà G. Evenness, biodiversity, and ecosystem function of intertidal communities along the Italian coasts: Experimental short-term response to ambient and extreme air temperatures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160037. [PMID: 36356730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity can promote ecosystem functioning in both terrestrial and marine environments, emphasizing the necessity of biodiversity conservation in order to preserve critical ecosystem functions and associated services. However, the role of biodiversity in buffering ecosystem functioning under extreme events caused by climate change remains a major scientific issue, especially for intertidal systems experiencing stressors from both terrestrial and marine drivers. We performed a regional-scale field experiment along the Italian coast to investigate the response of unmanipulated intertidal communities (by using a natural biodiversity gradient) to low tide aerial exposure to both ambient and short-term extreme temperatures. We specifically investigated the relationship between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (BEF) using different biodiversity indexes (species richness, functional diversity and evenness) and the response of the intertidal communities' ecosystem functioning (community respiration rates). Furthermore, we investigated which other environmental variables could influence the BEF relationship. We show that evenness explained a greater variation in intertidal community ecosystem functioning under both temperature conditions. Species richness (the most often used diversity metric in BEF research) was unrelated to ecosystem functioning, while functional diversity was significantly related to respiration under ambient but not extreme temperatures. We highlight the importance of the short-term thermal history of the communities (measured as body temperature) in the BEF relationship as it was consistently identified as the best predictor or response under both temperature conditions. However, Chlorophyll a in seawater and variation in sea surface temperature also contributed to the BEF relationship under ambient but not under extreme conditions, showing that short-duration climate-driven events can overcome local physiological adaptations. Our findings support the importance of the BEF relationship in intertidal communities, implying that systems with more diverse and homogeneous communities may be able to mitigate the effects of extreme temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy.
| | - Chiara Giommi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CRIMAC, Calabria Marine Centre, Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sede Interdipartimentale della Sicilia, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, 30015 Chioggia, Italy; University of Bologna, Dipartimento di Beni Culturali & Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), UO CoNISMa, Via S. Alberto, 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Brian Helmuth
- Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Nahant, MA 01908, USA
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90133, Italy
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10
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Chai R, Lou Y, Huo R, Yin H, Huang L, Wang H, Wang P. Effects of constant flow velocity on endurance swimming and fatigue metabolism in red drum and blackhead seabream. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 275:111331. [PMID: 36209958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture has greater potential for seafood production than wild capture fisheries. To meet the growing demand for seafood, China's marine aquaculture industry has begun building deep-water cages in the open sea. However, under these conditions, fish encounter strong currents and waves, and ensuring their healthy growth is key to the farming process. To address these issues, it is necessary to study the sustained swimming abilities of cultured fish species. Blackhead seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) are traditional economic fish species in China; however, their sustained swimming ability under a constant current has been underexplored. Therefore, we examined the endurance swimming ability of three size classes of blackhead seabream and red drum at 20 °C. The fish were then subjected to swimming tests of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min at a constant swimming speed of 0.55 m/s (0.80 m/s), 0.65 m/s (0.90 m/s), and 0.70 m/s (0.98 m/s). The fish were then dissected to obtain muscle, blood, and liver samples; sample metabolite concentrations were measured at six time points, each of which guaranteed five sets of valid data. The results indicated that red drum has a significantly stronger swimming ability, and can be cultured in waters with a short-term flow rate not exceeding 0.75 m/s or 3.5 BL/s. Further, blackhead seabream can be cultured in waters with a flow velocity lower than 0.55 m/s or 2.5 BL/s. The species-related metabolic differences were mainly reflected in the hepatic glycogen and blood glucose concentrations, and those in swimming ability caused by body length were mainly reflected by the hepatic glycogen concentration. The hepatic glycogen concentration had the most significant effect on fish with body lengths >28 cm (P < 0.05). Overall, the experimental results indicated that the liver plays a major role in the physiological level of fish swimming fatigue, providing a direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chai
- National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yudong Lou
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Runming Huo
- National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Facilitated Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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11
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Cominassi L, Ressel KN, Brooking AA, Marbacher P, Ransdell-Green EC, O'Brien KM. Metabolic rate increases with acclimation temperature and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:jeb244659. [PMID: 36268761 PMCID: PMC9687547 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.244659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 7 to 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AAS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle, but not mitochondrial proton leak, whereas MMR was positively correlated with CCO activity in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all, tissues of threespine stickleback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Cominassi
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Kirsten N. Ressel
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Allison A. Brooking
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Patrick Marbacher
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - Kristin M. O'Brien
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, PO Box 757000 Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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12
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Moffatt K, Rossi M, Park E, Svendsen JC, Wilson JM. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion with omeprazole affects fish specific dynamic action and growth rate: Implications for the development of phenotypic stomach loss. Front Physiol 2022; 13:966447. [PMID: 36237533 PMCID: PMC9552000 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.966447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid-secreting stomach provides many selective advantages to fish and other vertebrates; however, phenotypic stomach loss has occurred independently multiple times and is linked to loss of expression of both the gastric proton pump and the protease pepsin. Reasons underpinning stomach loss remain uncertain. Understanding the importance of gastric acid-secretion to the metabolic costs of digestion and growth will provide information about the metabolic expense of acid-production and performance. In this study, omeprazole, a well characterized gastric proton pump inhibitor, was used to simulate the agastric phenotype by significantly inhibiting gastric acidification in Nile tilapia. The effects on post-prandial metabolic rate and growth were assessed using intermittent flow respirometry and growth trials, respectively. Omeprazole reduced the duration (34.4%) and magnitude (34.5%) of the specific dynamic action and specific growth rate (21.3%) suggesting a decrease in digestion and assimilation of the meal. Gastric pH was measured in control and omeprazole treated fish to confirm that gastric acid secretion was inhibited for up to 12 h post-treatment (p < 0.05). Gastric evacuation measurements confirm a more rapid emptying of the stomach in omeprazole treated fish. These findings reinforce the importance of stomach acidification in digestion and growth and present a novel way of determining costs of gastric digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Rossi
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Edward Park
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jon Christian Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
- CIIMAR University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Jonathan M. Wilson,
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13
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De Angelis CF, Soares MP, Cardoso IL, Filogonio R, Taylor EW, McKenzie DJ, Souza IC, Wunderlin DA, Monferrán MV, Fernandes MN, Leite CAC. Settleable atmospheric particulate matter affects cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109353. [PMID: 35452846 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) emitted by iron ore processing industries has a complex composition, including diverse metallic particles and nanoparticles. Settleable APM (SePM) causes air to water cross-contamination and has recently been demonstrated to have harmful sublethal impacts on fish, eliciting stress responses, affecting the immune system, and reducing blood oxygen-carrying capacity. These findings imply potential consequences for fish aerobic performance and energy allocation, particularly in their ability to tolerate respiratory challenges such as aquatic hypoxia. To assess that potential limitation, we analyzed metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and morphological alterations after exposing tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, to an environmentally relevant concentration of SePM (96 h) and progressive hypoxia. The contamination initiated detectable gill damage, reducing respiratory efficiency, increasing ventilatory effort, and compromising fish capacity to deal with hypoxia. Even in normoxia, the resting respiratory frequency was elevated and limited respiratory adjustments during hypoxia. SePM increased O2crit from 26 to 34% of O2 (1.84 to 2.76 mg O2·L-1). Such ventilatory inefficacy implies higher ventilatory cost with relevant alterations in energy allocation. Progression in gill damage might be problematic and cause: infection, blood loss, ion imbalance, and limited cardiorespiratory performance. The contamination did not cause immediate lethality but may threaten fish populations due to limitations in physiological performance. This was the first investigation to evaluate the physiological responses of fish to hypoxia after SePM contamination. We suggest that the present level of environmental SePM deserves attention. The present results demonstrate the need for comprehensive studies on SePM effects in aquatic fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F De Angelis
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - M P Soares
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - I L Cardoso
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - R Filogonio
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - E W Taylor
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - D J McKenzie
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier 34095, France.
| | - I C Souza
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - D A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M V Monferrán
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Departmento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Bv. Medina Allende s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M N Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - C A C Leite
- Department of Physiological Sciences Department, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod Washington Luis km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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14
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Anlauf-Dunn K, Kraskura K, Eliason EJ. Intraspecific variability in thermal tolerance: a case study with coastal cutthroat trout. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 10:coac029. [PMID: 35693034 PMCID: PMC9178963 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fish physiological performance is directly regulated by their thermal environment. Intraspecific comparisons are essential to ascertain the vulnerability of fish populations to climate change and to identify which populations may be more susceptible to extirpation and which may be more resilient to continued warming. In this study, we sought to evaluate how thermal performance varies in coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki) across four distinct watersheds in OR, USA. Specifically, we measured oxygen consumption rates in trout from the four watersheds with variable hydrologic and thermal regimes, comparing three ecologically relevant temperature treatments (ambient, annual maximum and novel warm). Coastal cutthroat trout displayed considerable intraspecific variability in physiological performance and thermal tolerance across the four watersheds. Thermal tolerance matched the historical experience: the coastal watersheds experiencing warmer ambient temperatures had higher critical thermal tolerance compared with the interior, cooler Willamette watersheds. Physiological performance varied across all four watersheds and there was evidence of a trade-off between high aerobic performance and broad thermal tolerance. Given the evidence of climate regime shifts across the globe, the uncertainty in both the rate and extent of warming and species responses in the near and long term, a more nuanced approach to the management and conservation of native fish species must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Anlauf-Dunn
- Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 28655
Highway 34, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology,
University of California Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology,
University of California Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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15
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Barkhau J, Sanchez A, Lenz M, Thiel M. Effects of microplastics (PVC, PMMA) on the mussel Semimytilus algosus differ only at high concentrations from those of natural microparticles (clay, celite). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113414. [PMID: 35314397 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory exposure studies allow to investigate the impact of microplastics on marine biota, but commonly lack a procedural control, i.e. assessing the effects of natural microparticles. In two experiments with the mussel Semimytilus algosus, we compared the effects of clay vs. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and celite vs. polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA), respectively, at concentrations of 1.5, 15 and 150 mg l-1. After more than 60 days, no effects on respiration and clearance rates, mortality and byssus strength were observed. However, in mussels exposed to PVC the Body Condition Index was 34% lower at 150 mg l-1 than at 1.5 mg l-1. Furthermore, at 15 mg l-1, mussels exposed to microplastics produced over 40% less byssus than those exposed to natural microparticles. This suggests that mussels react differently to natural microparticles and to microplastics, but only at high particle loads that exceed current environmental microplastic concentrations by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Barkhau
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Abril Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Mark Lenz
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Ecology Department, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands (ESMOI), Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
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16
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Hardison EA, Kraskura K, Van Wert J, Nguyen T, Eliason EJ. Diet mediates thermal performance traits: implications for marine ectotherms. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272691. [PMID: 34647599 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal acclimation is a key process enabling ectotherms to cope with temperature change. To undergo a successful acclimation response, ectotherms require energy and nutritional building blocks obtained from their diet. However, diet is often overlooked as a factor that can alter acclimation responses. Using a temperate omnivorous fish, opaleye (Girella nigricans), as a model system, we tested the hypotheses that (1) diet can impact the magnitude of thermal acclimation responses and (2) traits vary in their sensitivity to both temperature acclimation and diet. We fed opaleye a simple omnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp. and Ulva sp.) or a carnivorous diet (ad libitum Artemia sp.) at two ecologically relevant temperatures (12 and 20°C) and measured a suite of whole-animal (growth, sprint speed, metabolism), organ (cardiac thermal tolerance) and cellular-level traits (oxidative stress, glycolytic capacity). When opaleye were offered two diet options compared with one, they had reduced cardiovascular thermal performance and higher standard metabolic rate under conditions representative of the maximal seasonal temperature the population experiences (20°C). Further, sprint speed and absolute aerobic scope were insensitive to diet and temperature, while growth was highly sensitive to temperature but not diet, and standard metabolic rate and maximum heart rate were sensitive to both diet and temperature. Our results reveal that diet influences thermal performance in trait-specific ways, which could create diet trade-offs for generalist ectotherms living in thermally variable environments. Ectotherms that alter their diet may be able to regulate their performance at different environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Krista Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jacey Van Wert
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tina Nguyen
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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17
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Comparison of Metabolic Rates of Young of the Year Beluga (Huso huso), Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Bester Hybrid Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, oxygen consumption of two sturgeon species, beluga (Huso huso), sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus), and their hybrid reared in a recirculating aquaculture system were compared over body intervals from 54–107 g to determine the interspecific variation of metabolic rate. Metabolic rates were measured using the intermittent-flow respirometry technique. Standard oxygen consumption rates (SMR, mg O2 h−1) of sterlet were 30% higher compared with beluga and 22% higher compared with bester hybrid. The routine metabolic rate (RMR, mg O2 h−1) averaged 1.58 ± 0.13 times the SMR for A. ruthenus, 1.59 ± 0.3 for H. huso, and 1.42 ± 0.15 for the hybrid bester. However, the study revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between mean values of SMR and RMR for beluga and bester hybrid. The scaling coefficient reflected a closed isometry for the hybrid (b = 0.97), while for the purebred species the coefficient of 0.8 suggests a reduction in oxygen consumption with increasing body mass. These findings may contribute to understanding the differences in growth performances and oxygen requirements of the studied species reared in intensive aquaculture system.
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18
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Longhini LS, Zena LA, Polymeropoulos ET, Rocha ACG, da Silva Leandro G, Prado CPA, Bícego KC, Gargaglioni LH. Thermal Acclimation to the Highest Natural Ambient Temperature Compromises Physiological Performance in Tadpoles of a Stream-Breeding Savanna Tree Frog. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726440. [PMID: 34690802 PMCID: PMC8531205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibians may be more vulnerable to climate-driven habitat modification because of their complex life cycle dependence on land and water. Considering the current rate of global warming, it is critical to identify the vulnerability of a species by assessing its potential to acclimate to warming temperatures. In many species, thermal acclimation provides a reversible physiological adjustment in response to temperature changes, conferring resilience in a changing climate. Here, we investigate the effects of temperature acclimation on the physiological performance of tadpoles of a stream-breeding savanna tree frog (Bokermannohyla ibitiguara) in relation to the thermal conditions naturally experienced in their microhabitat (range: 18.8-24.6°C). We quantified performance measures such as routine and maximum metabolic rate at different test (15, 20, 25, 30, and 34°C) and acclimation temperatures (18 and 25°C). We also measured heart rate before and after autonomic blockade with atropine and sotalol at the respective acclimation temperatures. Further, we determined the critical thermal maximum and warming tolerance (critical thermal maximum minus maximum microhabitat temperature), which were not affected by acclimation. Mass-specific routine and mass-specific maximum metabolic rate, as well as heart rate, increased with increasing test temperatures; however, acclimation elevated mass-specific routine metabolic rate while not affecting mass-specific maximum metabolic rate. Heart rate before and after the pharmacological blockade was also unaffected by acclimation. Aerobic scope in animals acclimated to 25°C was substantially reduced, suggesting that physiological performance at the highest temperatures experienced in their natural habitat is compromised. In conclusion, the data suggest that the tadpoles of B. ibitiguara, living in a thermally stable environment, have a limited capacity to physiologically adjust to the highest temperatures found in their micro-habitat, making the species more vulnerable to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S. Longhini
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Zena
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline C. G. Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Gabriela da Silva Leandro
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Cynthia P. A. Prado
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Kênia C. Bícego
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Luciane H. Gargaglioni
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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19
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Yu X, Ozorio ROA, Magnoni L. Sustained swimming exercise training decreases the individual variation in the metabolic phenotype of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 262:111077. [PMID: 34534677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cultured fish can be induced to swim, although the suitability and benefits remain to be tested. Sustained swimming exercise (SSE) training and detraining (DET) were applied in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the metabolic rates were investigated. Fish with a total body mass of 80.5 ± 1.5 g and total length 17.2 ± 0.1 cm were maintained untrained (spontaneously swimming activity, UNT), swim-trained (induced sustained swimming activity, SSE) at 1 BL s-1 for 28 days, or detrained (28 days of swimming followed by 10 days of untraining, DET). Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were assessed (n = 10). In addition, the effects of SSE training (51 days) on blood and plasma parameters were investigated before and immediately after applying a high-intensity swimming (HIS) protocol. SMR, MMR, and EPOC values were not different between SSE, UNT, or DET fish (143.2, 465.5 mg O2 kg-1 h-1, and 459.1 mg O2 kg-1, respectively). Spite the lack of differences between treatments, the dispersion in the residuals for SMR, MMR, and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) values followed the order UNT > DET > SSE, indicating that swim training decreases the individual variation of these metabolic parameters. Haematological parameters, plasma glucose, lactate, and cortisol levels were similar between SSE and UNT groups before HIS. Plasma glucose and lactate levels increased in both groups after HIS, being higher in the SSE group. Plasma cortisol levels were similar between both groups after HIS. Results suggest that SSE training improves energy use and reduces individual variation in SMR and MMR, an effect that declines with detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yu
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Rodrigo O A Ozorio
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - LeonardoJ Magnoni
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology Division Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
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21
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Effects of recent thermal history on thermal behaviour, thermal tolerance and oxygen uptake of Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103023. [PMID: 34420646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the physiological and metabolic responses of cultivated Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles in accordance with their recent thermal history. The fish were acclimated at 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32 °C for 21 days to determine the final preferred temperature, thermal tolerance and the effect of acclimation temperatures on their oxygen uptake and aerobic scope. The final preferred temperature of juveniles was established at 26 °C. The critical thermal maximum (CTmax) ranged from 34.2 to 36.9 °C, while the critical thermal minimum (CTmin) ranged from 10.9 to 17.3 °C, depending on acclimation temperature. With the CTmax and CTmin values, the thermal window was determined to have an area of 258°C2, which is characteristic of subtropical organisms. Although, the metabolic rate was relatively constant (ranging 390.6-449.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1) between 20 and 26 °C (Q10 = 1.6, 1.0), an increase to 544.8 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 29 °C (Q10 = 1.9) and decrease of 478.4 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 32 °C (Q10 = 0.6) were observed. The maximum value obtained for aerobic scope was 310.9 mg O2 kg-0.8 h-1 at 26 °C. These results suggest that the acclimation temperature of 26 °C is an optimum thermal condition for a physiological and metabolic performance of yellowtail kingfish juveniles. On the contrary, the response observed during the evaluation of critical temperatures, oxygen uptake and aerobic scope indicated that yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile state could be vulnerable when it experiences for long periods (e.g., >21 days) temperatures above 29 °C. According to our results, the thermoregulatory behaviour of yellowtail kingfish in the juvenile stages could be one of the most important mechanisms to maintain its optimal physiological performance by actively selecting a stable thermal environment close to 26 °C. In addition, it was determined the limits of the pejus state of juvenile yellowtail kingfish at 29 °C, where an increase of oxygen uptake to maintain the aerobic energy metabolism was observed, this could certainly affect the growth of juveniles in culture systems if they do not return in a thermal range of 23-26 °C. These results can contribute to infer the different effects of acclimation temperature on the growth, thermal tolerance and respiratory capacity of S. lalandi juveniles on aquaculture systems.
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22
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Kraskura K, Hardison EA, Little AG, Dressler T, Prystay TS, Hendriks B, Farrell AP, Cooke SJ, Patterson DA, Hinch SG, Eliason EJ. Sex-specific differences in swimming, aerobic metabolism and recovery from exercise in adult coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) across ecologically relevant temperatures. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab016. [PMID: 34840800 PMCID: PMC8611523 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult female Pacific salmon can have higher migration mortality rates than males, particularly at warm temperatures. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain a mystery. Given the importance of swimming energetics on fitness, we measured critical swim speed, swimming metabolism, cost of transport, aerobic scope (absolute and factorial) and exercise recovery in adult female and male coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) held for 2 days at 3 environmentally relevant temperatures (9°C, 14°C, 18°C) in fresh water. Critical swimming performance (U crit) was equivalent between sexes and maximal at 14°C. Absolute aerobic scope was sex- and temperature-independent, whereas factorial aerobic scope decreased with increasing temperature in both sexes. The full cost of recovery from exhaustive exercise (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) was higher in males compared to females. Immediately following exhaustive exercise (i.e. 1 h), recovery was impaired at 18°C for both sexes. At an intermediate time scale (i.e. 5 h), recovery in males was compromised at 14°C and 18°C compared to females. Overall, swimming, aerobic metabolism, and recovery energetics do not appear to explain the phenomenon of increased mortality rates in female coho salmon. However, our results suggest that warming temperatures compromise recovery following exhaustive exercise in both male and female salmon, which may delay migration progression and could contribute to en route mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kraskura
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E A Hardison
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A G Little
- Department of Biology Biosciences Complex, Queens
University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Dressler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - T S Prystay
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary
Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - B Hendriks
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and
Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A P Farrell
- Department of Zoology, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary
Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - D A Patterson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Pacific Region, School of Resource
and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,
British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - S G Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and
Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - E J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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23
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Miao J, Guo P, Li H, Wei C, Liu Q, Gong Z, Duan Y, Li T, Jiang Y, Feng H, Wu Y. Low Barometric Pressure Enhances Tethered-Flight Performance and Reproductive of the Oriental Armyworm, Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:620-626. [PMID: 33449074 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Barometric pressure is an important factor influencing several insect traits. Most studies have been conducted on the behavior of insects in relation to rapid and slight changes in pressure magnitudes or short-term pressure trends, but there is little information on the effect of long-term and large pressure variations on insect traits. Here, we assessed the effects of static low barometric pressure on the tethered flight, lifespan and reproductive performance of Mythimna separata (Walker), a long-distance migratory insect, using an apparatus simulating low barometric pressure at altitudes of 500 m above sea level. We found that both the flight distance and flight duration of M. separata moths were significantly longer under low barometric pressure conditions. Exposure to low barometric pressure conditions for 24 and 48 h significantly shortened the lifespan of female moths but had no influence on male moths. The ovaries of female moths developed earlier, and the preoviposition and oviposition periods were significantly shortened under low atmospheric pressure. Moreover, low atmospheric pressure reduced the respiration rate of female moths. However, there was an increase in the respiration rate of female moths after being returned to standard barometric pressure conditions. Our results show that the behavior and physiological traits of insects are affected by the low-pressure environment during migration. The low barometric pressure conditions at high altitudes is one of important factors accelerating reproductive behavior of M. separata after migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Miao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pei Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | | | - Qihang Liu
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yun Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yueli Jiang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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24
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Ainerua MO, Tinwell J, Murphy R, Galli GLJ, van Dongen BE, White KN, Shiels HA. Prolonged phenanthrene exposure reduces cardiac function but fails to mount a significant oxidative stress response in the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129297. [PMID: 33359987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans are important ecosystem bio-indicators but their response to pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remains understudied, particularly in freshwater habitats. Here we investigated the effect of phenanthrene (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1), a 3-ringed PAH associated with petroleum-based aquatic pollution on survival, in vivo and in situ cardiac performance, the oxidative stress response and the tissue burden in the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Non-invasive sensors were used to monitor heart rate during exposure. Phenanthrene reduced maximum attainable heart rate in the latter half (days 8-15) of the exposure period but had no impact on routine heart rate. At the end of the 15-day exposure period, the electrical activity of the semi-isolated in situ crayfish heart was assessed and significant prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram was observed. Enzyme pathways associated with oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and total oxyradical scavenging capacity) were also assessed after 15 days of phenanthrene exposure in gill, hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle; the results suggest limited induction of protective antioxidant pathways. Lastly, we report that 15 days exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in phenanthrene in hepatopancreas and heart tissues which was associated with reduced survivability. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide such a thorough understanding of the impact of phenanthrene on a crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Oshioriamhe Ainerua
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB, 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Jake Tinwell
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Murphy
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Science. University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Keith N White
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9GB, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
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25
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Villada-Bedoya S, Chávez-Ríos JR, Montoya B, Castelán F, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, González-Tokman D. Heat shock proteins and antioxidants as mechanisms of response to ivermectin in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128707. [PMID: 33168281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is the most common antiparasitic drug used in livestock in many regions of the world. Its residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target fauna such as dung beetles, fundamental for cleaning dung in pastures. However, it is unclear which are the physiological mechanisms used by dung beetles to cope with ivermectin. Here we evaluated experimentally the physiological responses of the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius to ivermectin-induced stress. We measured metabolic rates, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression, antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage in lipids in both males and females exposed to a sublethal dose. Compared to control beetles, ivermectin-treated males and females had increased metabolic rates. Moreover, ivermectin-treated females increased their expression of Hsp70 whereas males increased their antioxidant capacity. No changes in the levels of oxidative damage to lipids were detected for either sex, suggesting a process of hormesis, such that exposure to a moderate concentration of ivermectin could stimulate the action of a protective mechanism against oxidative stress, that differs between sexes. However, it does not exclude the possibility that damage to other biomolecules might have occurred. Sexual differences in physiological responses can be interpreted as the result of hormonal differences or life-history trade-offs that favor different mechanisms in females and males. Hsps and antioxidants are involved in the physiological response of beetles to ivermectin and may be key in providing resistance to this contaminant in target and non-target species, including dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesús Ramsés Chávez-Ríos
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Bibiana Montoya
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de La Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.
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26
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Durtsche RD, Jonsson B, Greenberg LA. Thermal conditions during embryogenesis influence metabolic rates of juvenile brown trout
Salmo trutta. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Durtsche
- River Ecology and Management Group Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University KarlstadS‐651 88Sweden
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights Kentucky41099USA
| | - Bror Jonsson
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Sognsveien 68 Oslo0855Norway
| | - Larry A. Greenberg
- River Ecology and Management Group Department of Environmental and Life Sciences Karlstad University KarlstadS‐651 88Sweden
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27
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Andersson ML, Sundberg F, Eklöv P. Chasing away accurate results: exhaustive chase protocols underestimate maximum metabolic rate estimates in European perch Perca fluviatilis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2020; 97:1644-1650. [PMID: 32889736 PMCID: PMC7756275 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rates are one of many measures that are used to explain species' response to environmental change. Static respirometry is used to calculate the standard metabolic rate (SMR) of fish, and when combined with exhaustive chase protocols it can be used to measure maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS) as well. While these methods have been tested in comparison to swim tunnels and chambers with circular currents, they have not been tested in comparison with a no-chase control. We used a repeated-measures design to compare estimates of SMR, MMR and AS in European perch Perca fluviatilis following three protocols: (a) a no-chase control; (b) a 3-min exhaustive chase; and (c) a 3-min exhaustive chase followed by 1-min air exposure. We found that, contrary to expectations, exhaustive chase protocols underestimate MMR and AS at 18°C, compared to the no-chase control. This suggests that metabolic rates of other species with similar locomotorty modes or lifestyles could be similarly underestimated using chase protocols. These underestimates have implications for studies examining metabolic performance and responses to climate change scenarios. To prevent underestimates, future experiments measuring metabolic rates should include a pilot with a no-chase control or, when appropriate, an adjusted methodology in which trials end with the exhaustive chase instead of beginning with it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fredrik Sundberg
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Eklöv
- Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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28
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A Miniature Intermittent-Flow Respirometry System with a 3D-Printed, Palm-Sized Zebrafish Treadmill for Measuring Rest and Activity Metabolic Rates. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185088. [PMID: 32906794 PMCID: PMC7570584 DOI: 10.3390/s20185088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are a preferred vertebrate model for evaluating metabolism during development, and for toxicity studies. However, commercially available intermittent-flow respirometry systems (IFRS) do not provide a suitable zebrafish-scaled swimming tunnel with a low water volume and proper flow velocities. We developed a miniature IFRS (mIFRS) with a 3D-printed, palm-sized zebrafish treadmill for measuring the swimming ability and metabolic rate of a single one- or three-month-old zebrafish with and without toxicity treatment. The 3D-printed zebrafish treadmill consists of discrete components assembled together which enables the provision of a temporary closed circulating water flow. The results showed that three-month-old zebrafish of normal physiological status had higher energetic efficiency and could swim at a higher critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of 16.79 cm/s with a lower cost of transport (COTopt) of 0.11 μmol g−1m−1. However, for a single three-month-old zebrafish treated with an antibacterial agent, Ucrit decreased to 45% of normal zebrafish and the COTopt increased to 0.24 μmol g−1m−1, due to the impairment of mitochondria. Our mIFRS provides a low-cost, portable, and readily adaptable tool for studying the swimming performance and energetic metabolism of zebrafish.
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29
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Milinkovitch T, Marras S, Antognarelli F, Lefrançois C, Le Floch S, Domenici P. The effects of hypoxia on aerobic metabolism in oil-contaminated sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126678. [PMID: 32278192 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and petrogenic hydrocarbon contamination are two anthropogenic stressors that coexist in coastal environments. Although studies have estimated the impact of each stressor separately, few investigations have assessed the effects of these stressors in interaction. We therefore investigated the impact of these combined stressors on sea bass, (Dicentrarchus labrax) physiology. After experimental contamination with physically dispersed oil, fish were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia, and active/standard metabolic rates (AMR and SMR, respectively), and metabolic scope (MS) were estimated. At the protocol's end, the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was estimated by evaluating relative concentrations of bile metabolites. In terms of bile metabolites, our results validated the uptake of PAHs by contaminated fish in our experimental settings, and further suggest that the hypoxic period after contamination does not reduce or increase compound metabolization processes. Our data showed significant effects of hypoxia on all metabolic rates: a significant drastic AMR reduction and significant SMR diminution led to decreased MS. We also found that oil contamination significantly impacted AMR and MS, but not SMR. These results suggested that when evaluated separately, hypoxia or oil affect the metabolic rate of sea bass. On the other hand, when evaluated in combination, no cumulative effects were observed, since fish exposed to both stressors did not show a stronger impact on metabolism than fish exposed to hypoxia alone. This suggests that oil impacts fish metabolism when fish occupy normoxic waters, and that oil does not magnify hypoxia-induced effects on fish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milinkovitch
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Fabio Antognarelli
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
| | - Christel Lefrançois
- LIENSs UMR 7266, Littoral Environnement et sociétés, La Rochelle, 17000, France
| | - Stéphane Le Floch
- Centre de Documentation de Recherche et d'Expérimentations sur les Pollutions Accidentelles des Eaux (CEDRE), 715 rue Alain Colas, CS41836-F-29218, Brest Cedex 2, France.
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAS, Istituto per lo studio degli impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in ambiente marino, Località Sa Mardini, 09170, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy.
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30
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb.228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.072587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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31
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Plasticity, repeatability and phenotypic correlations of aerobic metabolic traits in a small estuarine fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb228098. [PMID: 32587069 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), absolute aerobic scope (AAS) and critical oxygen tension (Pcrit) were determined for the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, an ecologically dominant estuarine fish, acclimated to lowered salinity, elevated temperature and lowered oxygen concentration. Acclimation to low salinity resulted in a small, but significant, elevation of Pcrit (suggesting lower tolerance of hypoxia); acclimation to elevated temperature increased SMR, MMR, AAS and Pcrit; acclimation to low oxygen led to a small increase in SMR, but substantial decreases in MMR, AAS and Pcrit Variation in these metabolic traits among individuals was consistent and repeatable when measured during multiple control exposures over 7 months. Trait repeatability was unaffected by acclimation condition, suggesting that repeatability of these traits is not context dependent. There were significant phenotypic correlations between specific metabolic traits: SMR was positively correlated with MMR and Pcrit; MMR was positively correlated with AAS; and AAS was negatively correlated with Pcrit In general, within-individual variation contributed more than among-individual variation to these phenotypic correlations. The effects of acclimation on these traits demonstrate that aerobic metabolism is plastic and influenced by the conditions experienced by these fish in the dynamic habitats in which they occur; however, the repeatability of these traits and the correlations among them suggest that these traits change in ways that maintain the rank order of performance among individuals across a range of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- University of New Orleans, Department of Biological Sciences, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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32
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Volkoff H, Rønnestad I. Effects of temperature on feeding and digestive processes in fish. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:307-320. [PMID: 33251280 PMCID: PMC7678922 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2020.1765950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As most fish are ectotherms, their physiology is strongly affected by temperature. Temperature affects their metabolic rate and thus their energy balance and behavior, including locomotor and feeding behavior. Temperature influences the ability/desire of the fish to obtain food, and how they process food through digestion, absorb nutrients within the gastrointestinal tract, and store excess energy. As fish display a large variability in habitats, feeding habits, and anatomical and physiological features, the effects of temperature are complex and species-specific. The effects of temperature depend on the timing, intensity, and duration of exposure as well as the speed at which temperature changes occur. Whereas acute short-term variations of temperature might have drastic, often detrimental, effects on fish physiology, long-term gradual variations might lead to acclimation, e.g. variations in metabolic and digestive enzyme profiles. The goal of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the effects of temperature on energy homeostasis, with specific focus on metabolism, feeding, digestion, and how fish are often able to "adapt" to changing environments through phenotypic and physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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33
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Corriere M, Baptista M, Paula JR, Repolho T, Rosa R, Costa PR, Soliño L. Impaired fish swimming performance following dietary exposure to the marine phycotoxin okadaic acid. Toxicon 2020; 179:53-59. [PMID: 32147514 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fish are frequently exposed to harmful algal blooms (HAB) and to related toxins. However, the biological effects of okadaic acid (OA), the most abundant and frequent HAB-toxin in Europe, South America and Asia, have been poorly investigated. In this study, fish swimming performance and metabolic rates were investigated in juveniles of Zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus) exposed to OA-group toxins via dietary route, during three days. Fish fed on contaminated food accumulated up to 455.5 μg OA equiv. Kg-1. Significant lower mean critical swimming speed (Ucrit) were observed in fish orally exposed to OA (and its related isomer dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1) than fish feeding on non-toxic diet. A tendency to higher demands of oxygen consumption was also recorded in OA-exposed fish at higher current velocities. This study indicates that fish may not be affected by OA-group toxins under basal conditions, but suggests a decrease in fitness linked to a reduction in swimming performance of fish exposed to OA under increased stimulus. OA and related toxins are suggested to have a cryptic effect on swimming performance that may be enhanced when fish deals with multiple stressors. Considering that a reduction in swimming performance may have impact on critical activities, such as foraging and escaping from predators, this study highlights the ecological risk associated with dinoflagellate toxic blooms, biotoxins food web transfer and fish contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corriere
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali, Università di Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto, 163 - 48100, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Miguel Baptista
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - José R Paula
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Tiago Repolho
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis Costa
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lucía Soliño
- IPMA-Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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34
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Metabolic responses of adult lion's paw scallops Nodipecten subnodosus exposed to acute hyperthermia in relation to seasonal reproductive effort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2449. [PMID: 32051435 PMCID: PMC7015932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In marine ectotherms, reproduction is an energetically expensive process that affects their thermal window tolerance. For most species, the impacts of hyperthermia during gametogenesis have still not been addressed. Our aim was to assess the metabolic response of adult Nodipecten subnodosus scallops to thermal challenges at early development (spring) and advanced gonad maturation (summer). Scallops collected in both seasons were exposed to acute hyperthermia (26 and 30 °C, 24 h), maintaining a group of scallops at acclimation temperature (22 °C) as a control condition. During the summer, relatively low activity of hexokinase (HK), as well as low levels of ATP and GTP were found in the adductor muscle, suggesting a shift in energy investment for reproduction, although arginine phosphate (ArgP) levels were higher in summer scallops. Hyperthermia (30 °C) induced an increased energy expenditure reflected by a transitory enhanced oxygen consumption (VO2) and relatively high activities of HK and arginine kinase (AK). Moreover, a slight decrease in adenylic energy charge (AEC) was partially compensated by a decrease in ArgP. An increase in nucleotide by-products inosine monophosphate (IMP) and hypoxanthine (HX) indicated a thermal stress at 30 °C. Some of the responses to acute hyperthermia were more pronounced at advanced maturation stages (summer scallops), indicating a possible lack of energy balance, with possible implications in animals challenged to global warming scenario.
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Ultsch GR, Regan MD. The utility and determination of P crit in fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/22/jeb203646. [PMID: 31722971 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The critical O2 tension (P crit) is the lowest P O2 at which an animal can maintain some benchmark rate of O2 uptake (Ṁ O2 ). This P O2 has long served as a comparator of hypoxia tolerance in fishes and aquatic invertebrates, but its usefulness in this role, particularly when applied to fishes, has recently been questioned. We believe that P crit remains a useful comparator of hypoxia tolerance provided it is determined using the proper methods and hypoxia tolerance is clearly defined. Here, we review the available methods for each of the three steps of P crit determination: (1) measuring the most appropriate benchmark Ṁ O2 state for P crit determination (Ṁ O2,std, the Ṁ O2 required to support standard metabolic rate); (2) reducing water P O2 ; and (3) calculating P crit from the Ṁ O2 versus P O2 curve. We make suggestions on best practices for each step and for how to report P crit results to maximize their comparative value. We also discuss the concept of hypoxia tolerance and how P crit relates to a fish's overall hypoxia tolerance. When appropriate methods are used, P crit provides useful comparative physiological and ecological information about the aerobic contributions to a fish's hypoxic survival. When paired with other hypoxia-related physiological measurements (e.g. lactate accumulation, calorimetry-based measurements of metabolic depression, loss-of-equilibrium experiments), P crit contributes to a comprehensive understanding of how a fish combines aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and metabolic depression in an overall strategy for hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon R Ultsch
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew D Regan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cordero GA, Methling C, Tirsgaard B, Steffensen JF, Domenici P, Svendsen JC. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption decreases with swimming duration in a labriform fish: Integrating aerobic and anaerobic metabolism across time. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:577-586. [PMID: 31692282 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many vertebrate animals employ anaerobic pathways during high-speed exercise, even if it imposes an energetic cost during postexercise recovery, expressed as excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). In ectotherms such a fish, the initial anaerobic contribution to exercise is often substantial. Even so, fish may recover from anaerobic pathways as swimming exercise ensues and aerobic metabolism stabilizes, thus total energetic costs of exercise could depend on swimming duration and subsequent physiological recovery. To test this hypothesis, we examined EPOC in striped surfperch (Embiotoca lateralis) that swam at high speeds (3.25 L s-1 ) during randomly ordered 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-min exercise periods. We found that EPOC was highest after the 2-min period (20.9 mg O2 kg-1 ) and lowest after the 20-min period (13.6 mg O2 kg-1 ), indicating that recovery from anaerobic pathways improved with exercise duration. Remarkably, EPOC for the 2-min period accounted for 72% of the total O2 consumption, whereas EPOC for the 20-min period only accounted for 14%. Thus, the data revealed a striking decline in the total cost of transport from 0.772 to 0.226 mg O2 ·kg-1 ·m-1 during 2- and 20-min periods, respectively. Our study is the first to combine anaerobic and aerobic swimming costs to demonstrate an effect of swimming duration on EPOC in fish. Clarifying the dynamic nature of exercise-related costs is relevant to extrapolating laboratory findings to animals in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo A Cordero
- Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Methling
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Tirsgaard
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - John F Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR-IAMC, Instituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Jon C Svendsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Steell SC, Van Leeuwen TE, Brownscombe JW, Cooke SJ, Eliason EJ. An appetite for invasion: digestive physiology, thermal performance and food intake in lionfish ( Pterois spp.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.209437. [PMID: 31527176 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.209437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Species invasions threaten global biodiversity, and physiological characteristics may determine their impact. Specific dynamic action (SDA; the increase in metabolic rate associated with feeding and digestion) is one such characteristic, strongly influencing an animal's energy budget and feeding ecology. We investigated the relationship between SDA, scope for activity, metabolic phenotype, temperature and feeding frequency in lionfish (Pterois spp.), which are invasive to western Atlantic marine ecosystems. Intermittent-flow respirometry was used to determine SDA, scope for activity and metabolic phenotype at 26°C and 32°C. Maximum metabolic rate occurred during digestion, as opposed to exhaustive exercise, as in more athletic species. SDA and its duration (SDAdur) were 30% and 45% lower at 32°C than at 26°C, respectively, and lionfish ate 42% more at 32°C. Despite a 32% decline in scope for activity from 26°C to 32°C, aerobic scope may have increased by 24%, as there was a higher range between standard metabolic rate (SMR) and peak SDA (SDApeak; the maximum postprandial metabolic rate). Individuals with high SMR and low scope for activity phenotypes had a less costly SDA and shorter SDAdur but a higher SDApeak Feeding frequently had a lower and more consistent cost than consuming a single meal, but increased SDApeak These findings demonstrate that: (1) lionfish are robust physiological performers in terms of SDA and possibly aerobic scope at temperatures approaching their thermal maximum, (2) lionfish may consume more prey as oceans warm with climate change, and (3) metabolic phenotype and feeding frequency may be important mediators of feeding ecology in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clay Steell
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Travis E Van Leeuwen
- The Cape Eleuthera Institute, Eleuthera, The Bahamas.,Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 80 East White Hills Road, PO Box 5667, St John's, NL, Canada, A1C 5X1
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Lab, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Erika J Eliason
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Reemeyer JE, Rees BB. Standardizing the determination and interpretation of P crit in fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.210633. [PMID: 31511343 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.210633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The critical oxygen tension (P crit) for fishes is the oxygen level below which the rate of oxygen consumption (Ṁ O2 ) becomes dependent upon ambient oxygen partial pressure (P O2 ). We compare multiple curve-fitting approaches to estimate P crit of the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, during closed and intermittent-flow respirometry. Fitting two line segments of Ṁ O2 versus P O2 produced high and variable estimates of P crit, as did nonlinear regression using a hyperbolic (Michaelis-Menten) function. Using nonlinear regression fit to an exponential (modified Weibull) function, or linear regression of Ṁ O2 versus P O2 at low P O2 , and determining P crit as the P O2 when Ṁ O2 equals standard metabolic rate (SMR) yielded values that were consistent across fish and among experimental trials. The magnitude of the difference in P crit determined by alternative calculation methods exceeded the differences determined in closed and intermittent-flow respirometry, highlighting the need to standardize analytical as well as experimental approaches in determining P crit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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Enders EC, Wall AJ, Svendsen JC. Hypoxia but not shy-bold phenotype mediates thermal preferences in a threatened freshwater fish, Notropis percobromus. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:479-487. [PMID: 31466789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
For ectothermic animals, ambient temperature strongly influences developmental growth rate and individual fitness. While many ectotherms live in environments that are spatially hetero-thermal, the coupling between behavioural phenotypes (e.g., shy or bold behaviour) and thermal preferences remains uncertain. Relative to shy counterparts, bolder phenotypes may exert higher preference for ambient temperatures that are closer to their thermal optimum, thereby accelerating development. In addition, ectotherms should select colder temperatures in low oxygen conditions (hypoxia) according to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis. Using wild caught carmine shiner (Notropis percobromus), this study examined thermoregulatory behaviour in individuals exhibiting consistent behavioural phenotypes along the shy-bold continuum and between ecologically relevant normal oxygen concentration (normoxic) and hypoxic treatments. Furthermore, the behaviour observed in the laboratory was compared to environmental data from the natal stream. Results demonstrated that individual shy-bold behavioural phenotype was consistent before and after a simulated aerial predator attack, indicating consistency of behaviour across situations. Individual preferred and avoidance temperatures varied substantially, but were unrelated to shy-bold behavioural phenotypes. In contrast, individual preferred and maximum avoidance temperatures were significantly reduced in hypoxia, consistent with the OCLTT hypothesis. These findings might indicate suppressed development rates in hypoxia, not only by the limited oxygen for aerobic metabolism, but also by the preference for colder water in hypoxia. Furthermore, the tolerated thermal ranges were reduced in hypoxia. Using test conditions confirmed by field data, our study demonstrates the strong influence of oxygen availability on thermoregulatory behaviours and preferences in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Enders
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Alexander J Wall
- University of Manitoba, Department of Civil Engineering, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jon C Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU Aqua), National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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40
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Impact of the replacement of dietary fish oil by animal fats and environmental salinity on the metabolic response of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 233:46-59. [PMID: 31004746 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of fish oil (FO) with other lipid sources (e.g. animal fats, AF) in aquafeeds improves the sustainability of aquaculture, even though alternatives have different fatty acid (FA) profiles. FO contains a higher proportion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) than AF. LC-PUFAs have key physiological roles, despite limited biosynthetic capacity in marine fish. Therefore, replacing FO in feeds may limit physiological responses when fish face environmental challenges such as an acute change in salinity. To test this hypothesis, juvenile seabass (62.6 ± 1.6 g, 50 fish/ 500 L tank) were fed three different isoproteic and isolipidic diets in which the replacement levels of FO by AF varied (0%, 75% or 100% AF). Fish were fed the experimental diets at 2% their body weight (BW) daily for 85 days (20.0 ± 1.0 °C; 35‰). Thereafter, half of the fish were transferred to tanks at 15‰ or 35‰ salinity and sampled at 24 h and 72 h. Plasma osmolality, Na+, glucose, cholesterol and lactate levels were altered by the changing salinity, although cortisol remained unchanged. Standard metabolic rate was similar irrespective of the experimental factors. However, maximal metabolic rate decreased by 4-10% in fish subjected to a 15‰ salinity. Intestinal chymotrypsin activity was modified by the diet, with this digestive enzyme along with trypsin showing a two-fold increase in activity at 15‰ salinity. Hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) showed a ~1.4-fold increase at 15‰ salinity. Additionally, LPO and glutathione reductase activity were ~1.6-fold higher in fish fed the FO diet. Citrate synthase activity in gills was increased in fish fed the 100% AF diet. Therefore, both dietary replacement of FO by AF and environmental salinity have an impact on the metabolic response of seabass, although interactions between both factors (diet and salinity) are negligible in the metabolic parameters investigated. The results are relevant to the aquaculture industry considering the potential usage of AF to replace FO in aquafeeds and because of the variations in salinity experienced by fish cultured in transitional waters.
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Reemeyer JE, Harris JC, Hernandez AM, Rees BB. Effects of passive integrated transponder tagging on cortisol release, aerobic metabolism and growth of the Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:422-433. [PMID: 30702146 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging on cortisol release, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and daily specific growth rate (GS ) were evaluated in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, a small estuarine fish native to the Gulf of Mexico. Cortisol release by individual fish was measured non-invasively prior to PIT tagging, immediately after tagging and once per week for 1 month following tagging. Within the first 2 h of tagging, cortisol release rates were significantly elevated compared with values measured prior to tagging and significantly higher than that of fish handled identically except not implanted with PIT tags. By 1 week after PIT tagging, cortisol release rates returned to control levels. SMR, determined by intermittent-flow respirometry and GS , defined as per cent change in body mass per day, were measured prior to PIT tagging and weekly for 1 month after tagging. Neither SMR nor GS was significantly different in tagged v. untagged fish for the duration of the study. One month after tagging, haematocrit, plasma cortisol, blood glucose and blood lactate did not differ between tagged and untagged individuals. Therefore, after a transient stress response that subsides within 1 week, PIT tagging had no significant effects on these physiological variables in F. grandis, validating its use as a method of marking this and other small fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Reemeyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jasmine C Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ariel M Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bernard B Rees
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Frenette BD, Bruckerhoff LA, Tobler M, Gido KB. Temperature effects on performance and physiology of two prairie stream minnows. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz063. [PMID: 31687142 PMCID: PMC6822539 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Earth's atmosphere has warmed by ~1°C over the past century and continues to warm at an increasing rate. Effects of atmospheric warming are already visible in most major ecosystems and are evident across all levels of biological organization. Linking functional responses of individuals to temperature is critical for predicting responses of populations and communities to global climate change. The southern redbelly dace Chrosomus erythrogaster and the central stoneroller Campostoma anomalum are two minnows (Cyprinidae) that commonly occur in the Flint Hills region of the USA but show different patterns of occurrence, with dace largely occupying headwater reaches and stonerollers persisting in both headwater and intermediate-sized streams. We tested for differences between species in critical thermal maximum, energy metabolism, sustained swimming and activity over an ecologically relevant temperature gradient of acclimation temperatures. Typically, metrics increased with acclimation temperature for both species, although stoneroller activity decreased with temperature. We observed a significant interaction between species and temperature for critical thermal maxima, where stonerollers only had higher critical thermal maxima at the coldest temperature and at warm temperatures compared to the dace. We did not find evidence suggesting differences in the energy metabolism of dace and stonerollers. We detected interspecific differences in sustained swimming performance, with dace having higher swimming speed than stonerollers regardless of acclimation temperature. Finally, there was a significant interaction between temperature and species for activity; dace activity was higher at intermediate and warm temperatures compared to stonerollers. We observed subtle interspecific differences in how performance metrics responded to temperature that did not always align with observed patterns of distribution for these species. Thus, other ecological factors likely are important drivers of distributional patterns in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Frenette
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 166 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Corresponding author: Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 166 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Lindsey A Bruckerhoff
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 166 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 166 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Keith B Gido
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, 166 Ackert Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Macnaughton CJ, Kovachik C, Enders EC. Standard metabolic rate models for Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) and Common Shiner (Luxilus cornutus) across different temperature regimes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:113-121. [PMID: 30565697 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Standard metabolic rates (SMR) were measured empirically for carmine shiner Notropis percobromus and common shiner Luxilus cornutus to develop SMR models that predict metabolic responses of each species under thermal conditions observed in the wild. SMR increased significantly with body mass and rising water temperature, ranging from 0.05 mg O2 h-1 at 10°C to 0.89 mg O2 h-1 at 20°C for N. percobromus weighing 0.6-2.5 g and from 0.11 mg O2 h-1 at 10°C to 0.98 mg O2 h-1 at 20°C for L. cornutus weighing 0.8-6.6 g. SMR models significantly differed between sympatric species on account of differences in model intercepts (RA) and temperature coefficients (RQ), however, the allometric relationships between mass and SMR did not significantly differ between species. Known distribution of N. percobromus and L. cornutus includes the Birch River located in Manitoba, Canada, where N. percobromus is listed as Endangered. Little is known about the physiology of N. percobromus or the species' ability to acclimate or adapt to different environmental conditions. While size differences between species contributed, in part, to differences in SMR predictions for Birch River populations, SMR trends (< 2 mg O2 h-1 ) for individuals weighing 1 g were similar for both species across daily temperatures. Respirometry experiments contributed to developing species-specific SMR models and inform on the effect of natural and anthropogenic stressors, namely water temperature, on the conservation of N. percobromus in this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Kovachik
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Eva C Enders
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Canada
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Ruiz T, Bec A, Danger M, Koussoroplis AM, Aguer JP, Morel JP, Morel-Desrosiers N. A microcalorimetric approach for investigating stoichiometric constraints on the standard metabolic rate of a small invertebrate. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1714-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS; LMGE; Clermont-Ferrand F-63000 France
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS; LMGE; Clermont-Ferrand F-63000 France
| | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Aguer
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS; LMGE; Clermont-Ferrand F-63000 France
| | - Jean-Pierre Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne; CNRS; LMGE; Clermont-Ferrand F-63000 France
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Murray L, Rennie MD, Svendsen JC, Enders EC. Effect of nanosilver on metabolism in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): An investigation using different respirometric approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2722-2729. [PMID: 28419542 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilver (nAg) has been incorporated into many consumer products, including clothing and washing machines, because of its antimicrobial properties. Consequently, the potential for its release into aquatic environments is of significant concern. Documented toxic effects on fish include altered gene expression, gill damage, and impaired gas exchange, as well as mortality at high nAg concentrations. The present study reports the effects of nAg on the metabolism of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.28 ± 0.02 μg/L) and higher (47.60 ± 5.13 μg/L) for 28 d, after which their standard metabolic rate (SMR), forced maximum metabolic rate (MMRf ), and spontaneous maximum metabolic rate (MMRs ) were measured. There was no effect observed in SMR, MMRf , or MMRs , suggesting that nAg is unlikely to directly affect fish metabolism. On average, MMRs tended to be greater than MMRf , and most MMRs occurred when room lighting increased. The timing of MMRf chase protocols was found to affect both MMRf and SMR estimates, in that chasing fish before respirometric experiments caused higher MMRf estimates and lower SMR estimates. Although compounded effects involving nAg and other environmental stressors remain unknown, the present study indicates that the tested range of nAg is unlikely to constrain fish metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2722-2729. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Murray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael D Rennie
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jon C Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Eva C Enders
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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46
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Murray L, Rennie MD, Svendsen JC, Enders EC. Respirometry increases cortisol levels in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for measurements of metabolic rate. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:2206-2213. [PMID: 28345192 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the extent to which chasing, handling and confining Oncorhynchus mykiss to a small respirometer chamber during respirometric experiments is stressful and affects metabolic measurements. The study observed increased cortisol levels in animals tested using a chase protocol and subsequent intermittent-flow respirometry, suggesting that this procedural treatment may stress animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Murray
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - M D Rennie
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biological Sciences, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Lakehead University, Department of Biology, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E, Canada
- IISD-Experimental Lakes Area, 111 Lombard Avenue, Suite 325, Winnipeg, MB, R3B OT4, Canada
| | - J C Svendsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Jaegersborg Alle 1, 2920, Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - E C Enders
- Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada
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Dietary electrolyte balance affects growth performance, amylase activity and metabolic response in the meagre (Argyrosomus regius). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 211:8-15. [PMID: 28323073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary ion content is known to alter the acid-base balance in freshwater fish. The current study investigated the metabolic impact of acid-base disturbances produced by differences in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) in the meagre (Argyrosomus regius), an euryhaline species. Changes in fish performance, gastric chyme characteristics, pH and ion concentrations in the bloodstream, digestive enzyme activities and metabolic rates were analyzed in meagre fed ad libitum two experimental diets (DEB 200 or DEB 700mEq/kg) differing in the Na2CO3 content for 69days. Fish fed the DEB 200 diet had 60-66% better growth performance than the DEB 700 group. Meagre consuming the DEB 200 diet were 90-96% more efficient than fish fed the DEB 700 diet at allocating energy from feed into somatic growth. The pH values in blood were significantly lower in the DEB 700 group 2h after feeding when compared to DEB 200, indicating that acid-base balance in meagre was affected by electrolyte balance in diet. Osmolality, and Na+ and K+ concentrations in plasma did not vary with the dietary treatment. Gastric chyme in the DEB 700 group had higher pH values, dry matter, protein and energy contents, but lower lipid content than in the DEB 200 group. Twenty-four hours after feeding, amylase activity was higher in the gastrointestinal tract of DEB 700 group when compared to the DEB 200 group. DEB 700 group had lower routine metabolic (RMR) and standard metabolic (SMR) rates, indicating a decrease in maintenance energy expenditure 48h after feeding the alkaline diet. The current study demonstrates that feeding meagre with an alkaline diet not only causes acid-base imbalance, but also negatively affects digestion and possibly nutrient assimilation, resulting in decreased growth performance.
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Garcia MJ, Ferro JM, Mattox T, Kopelic S, Marson K, Jones R, Svendsen JC, Earley RL. Phenotypic differences between the sexes in the sexually plastic mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:988-97. [PMID: 27030777 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.124040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To maximize reproductive success, many animal species have evolved functional sex change. Theory predicts that transitions between sexes should occur when the fitness payoff of the current sex is exceeded by the fitness payoff of the opposite sex. We examined phenotypic differences between the sexes in a sex-changing vertebrate, the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus), to elucidate potential factors that might drive the 'decision' to switch sex. Rivulus populations consist of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and males. Hermaphrodites transition into males under certain environmental conditions, affording us the opportunity to generate 40 hermaphrodite-male pairs where, within a pair, individuals possessed identical genotypes despite being different sexes. We quantified steroid hormone levels, behavior (aggression and risk taking), metabolism and morphology (organ masses). We found that hermaphrodites were more aggressive and risk averse, and had higher maximum metabolic rates and larger gonadosomatic indices. Males had higher steroid hormone levels and showed correlations among hormones that hermaphrodites lacked. Males also had greater total mass and somatic body mass and possessed considerable fat stores. Our findings suggest that there are major differences between the sexes in energy allocation, with hermaphrodites exhibiting elevated maximum metabolic rates, and showing evidence of favoring investments in reproductive tissues over somatic growth. Our study serves as the foundation for future research investigating how environmental challenges affect both physiology and reproductive investment and, ultimately, how these changes dictate the transition between sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Garcia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Jack M Ferro
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Tyler Mattox
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Sydney Kopelic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Kristine Marson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Ryan Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
| | - Jon C Svendsen
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal Section for Ecosystem based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Ryan L Earley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35473, USA
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Baktoft H, Jacobsen L, Skov C, Koed A, Jepsen N, Berg S, Boel M, Aarestrup K, Svendsen JC. Phenotypic variation in metabolism and morphology correlating with animal swimming activity in the wild: relevance for the OCLTT (oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance), allocation and performance models. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cov055. [PMID: 27382465 PMCID: PMC4922247 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cov055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is affecting animal physiology in many parts of the world. Using metabolism, the oxygen- and capacity-limitation of thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis provides a tool to predict the responses of ectothermic animals to variation in temperature, oxygen availability and pH in the aquatic environment. The hypothesis remains controversial, however, and has been questioned in several studies. A positive relationship between aerobic metabolic scope and animal activity would be consistent with the OCLTT but has rarely been tested. Moreover, the performance model and the allocation model predict positive and negative relationships, respectively, between standard metabolic rate and activity. Finally, animal activity could be affected by individual morphology because of covariation with cost of transport. Therefore, we hypothesized that individual variation in activity is correlated with variation in metabolism and morphology. To test this prediction, we captured 23 wild European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a lake, tagged them with telemetry transmitters, measured standard and maximal metabolic rates, aerobic metabolic scope and fineness ratio and returned the fish to the lake to quantify individual in situ activity levels. Metabolic rates were measured using intermittent flow respirometry, whereas the activity assay involved high-resolution telemetry providing positions every 30 s over 12 days. We found no correlation between individual metabolic traits and activity, whereas individual fineness ratio correlated with activity. Independent of body length, and consistent with physics theory, slender fish maintained faster mean and maximal swimming speeds, but this variation did not result in a larger area (in square metres) explored per 24 h. Testing assumptions and predictions of recent conceptual models, our study indicates that individual metabolism is not a strong determinant of animal activity, in contrast to individual morphology, which is correlated with in situ activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Baktoft
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lene Jacobsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Skov
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Anders Koed
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Jepsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Berg
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Boel
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jon C. Svendsen
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund, Denmark
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Chabot D, McKenzie DJ, Craig JF. Metabolic rate in fishes: definitions, methods and significance for conservation physiology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:1-9. [PMID: 26768969 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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