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Karakaya E, Oleinik N, Edwards J, Tomberlin J, Barker RB, Berber B, Ericsson M, Alsudani H, Ergul A, Beyaz S, Lemasters JJ, Ogretmen B, Albayram O. p17/C18-ceramide-mediated mitophagy is an endogenous neuroprotective response in preclinical and clinical brain injury. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae018. [PMID: 38328780 PMCID: PMC10847724 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Repeat concussions (or repetitive mild traumatic brain injury [rmTBI]) are complex pathological processes consisting of a primary insult and long-term secondary complications and are also a prerequisite for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Recent evidence implies a significant role of autophagy-mediated dysfunctional mitochondrial clearance, mitophagy, in the cascade of secondary deleterious events resulting from TBI. C18-ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid produced in response to cell stress and damage, and its synthesizing enzyme (CerS1) are precursors to selective stress-mediated mitophagy. A transporter, p17, mediates the trafficking of CerS1, induces C18-ceramide synthesis in the mitochondrial membrane, and acts as an elimination signal in cell survival. Whether p17-mediated mitophagy occurs in the brain and plays a causal role in mitochondrial quality control in secondary disease development after rmTBI are unknown. Using a novel repetitive less-than-mild TBI (rlmTBI) injury paradigm, ablation of mitochondrial p17/C18-ceramide trafficking in p17 knockout (KO) mice results in a loss of C18-ceramide-induced mitophagy, which contributes to susceptibility and recovery from long-term secondary complications associated with rlmTBI. Using a ceramide analog with lipid-selenium conjugate drug, LCL768 restored mitophagy and reduced long-term secondary complications, improving cognitive deficits in rlmTBI-induced p17KO mice. We obtained a significant reduction of p17 expression and a considerable decrease of CerS1 and C18-ceramide levels in cortical mitochondria of CTE human brains compared with age-matched control brains. These data demonstrated that p17/C18-ceramide trafficking is an endogenous neuroprotective mitochondrial stress response following rlmTBI, thus suggesting a novel prospective strategy to interrupt the CTE consequences of concussive TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Karakaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Natalia Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jazlyn Edwards
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jensen Tomberlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Randy Bent Barker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Burak Berber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Biology, Eskisehir Technical University, Tepebasi/Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Habeeb Alsudani
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
- College of Science, University of Basrah, Basra 61004, Iraq
| | - Adviye Ergul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Jackson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - John J Lemasters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Onder Albayram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Jackson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Bordt EA, Moya HA, Jo YC, Ravichandran CT, Bankowski IM, Ceasrine AM, McDougle CJ, Carlezon WA, Bilbo SD. Gonadal hormones impart male-biased behavioral vulnerabilities to immune activation via microglial mitochondrial function. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:680-695. [PMID: 37972878 PMCID: PMC10996880 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong male bias in the prevalence of many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. However, the mechanisms underlying this sex bias remain elusive. Infection during the perinatal period is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorder development. Here, we used a mouse model of early-life immune activation that reliably induces deficits in social behaviors only in males. We demonstrate that male-biased alterations in social behavior are dependent upon microglial immune signaling and are coupled to alterations in mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically within microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain. Additionally, we show that this behavioral and microglial mitochondrial vulnerability to early-life immune activation is programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings demonstrate that social behavior in males over the lifespan are regulated by microglia-specific mechanisms that are shaped by events that occur in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Haley A Moya
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Young Chan Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Caitlin T Ravichandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Izabella M Bankowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Christopher J McDougle
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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3
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Wang W, Ma X, Bhatta S, Shao C, Zhao F, Fujioka H, Torres S, Wu F, Zhu X. Intraneuronal β-amyloid impaired mitochondrial proteostasis through the impact on LONP1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316823120. [PMID: 38091289 PMCID: PMC10740390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316823120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial proteostasis regulated by chaperones and proteases in each compartment of mitochondria is critical for mitochondrial function, and it is suspected that mitochondrial proteostasis deficits may be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction in AD. In this study, we identified LONP1, an ATP-dependent protease in the matrix, as a top Aβ42 interacting mitochondrial protein through an unbiased screening and found significantly decreased LONP1 expression and extensive mitochondrial proteostasis deficits in AD experimental models both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in the brain of AD patients. Impaired METTL3-m6A signaling contributed at least in part to Aβ42-induced LONP1 reduction. Moreover, Aβ42 interaction with LONP1 impaired the assembly and protease activity of LONP1 both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, LONP1 knockdown caused mitochondrial proteostasis deficits and dysfunction in neurons, while restored expression of LONP1 in neurons expressing intracellular Aβ and in the brain of CRND8 APP transgenic mice rescued Aβ-induced mitochondrial deficits and cognitive deficits. These results demonstrated a critical role of LONP1 in disturbed mitochondrial proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction in AD and revealed a mechanism underlying intracellular Aβ42-induced mitochondrial toxicity through its impact on LONP1 and mitochondrial proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Xiaopin Ma
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Sabina Bhatta
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Changjuan Shao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Fanpeng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Hisashi Fujioka
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Sandy Torres
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Fengqin Wu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44106
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Xu Y, Xu J, Chen L, Su W, Zhu Q, Tong G. Protective mechanisms of quercetin in neonatal rat brain injury induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7649-7663. [PMID: 38107093 PMCID: PMC10724619 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. This study explored whether quercetin (Que) exerts neuroprotective effects in a rat model of HIBD. A total of 36 seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, Que, HI, and HI + Que groups. The Rice method was used to establish HIBD in HI and HI + Que rats, which were treated with hypoxia (oxygen concentration of 8%) for 2 h after ligation of the left common carotid artery. The rats in the HI + Que group were intraperitoneally injected with Que (30 mg/kg) 1 h before hypoxia, and the rats in the Que group were only injected with the same amount of Que. Brain tissues were harvested 24 h postoperation and assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay; relative gene and protein levels were evaluated by RT-qPCR, IHC, or western blot (WB) assay. Brain tissue morphologies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); LC3B protein levels were assessed by immunofluorescence staining. Escape latencies and platform crossing times were significantly improved (p < .05) in HI + Que groups; infarct volume significantly decreased (p < .001), whereas the numbers of autophagic bodies and apoptotic cells increased and decreased, respectively. Meanwhile, NLRX1, ATG7, and Beclin1 expressions were significantly upregulated, and mTOR and TIM23 expressions, LC3B protein level, and LC 3II/LC 3I ratio were significantly downregulated. Que exerted neuroprotective effects in a rat model of HIBD by regulating NLRX1 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐hong Xu
- Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina
| | - Jin‐bo Xu
- Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina
| | - Lu‐lu Chen
- Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina
| | - Wei Su
- Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina
| | - Qing Zhu
- Anhui Provincial Children's HospitalHefeiChina
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Apryatin SA, Traktirov DS, Karpenko MN, Ivleva IS, Pestereva NS, Bolshakova MV, Trofimov AN, Fesenko ZS, Klimenko VM. Antioxidant system alterations and physiological characteristics of neonatal and juvenile DAT-KO rats. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1651-1661. [PMID: 37394966 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter knockout (DAT-KO) rats represent a valuable rodent model for studying the molecular and phenotypical outcomes of the effects of excessive dopamine accumulation in the synaptic cleft and the prolonged action of dopamine on neurons. Animals with DAT deficiency are characterized by hyperactivity, stereotypy, cognitive deficits, and impairments in behavioral and biochemical indicators. Several key pathophysiological mechanisms are known to be common to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and other diseases. Among these mechanisms, oxidative stress systems play a particularly important role. One of the main antioxidant systems in the brain is glutathione: specifically, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase play a significant role in the regulation of vital oxidative processes, and their dysfunction has been shown in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the activity levels of glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in erythrocytes, as well as catalase in the blood plasma, of DAT-deficient, homo- and heterozygous, neonatal and juvenile rats (both male and female). Their behavioral and physiological parameters were evaluated at the age of 1.5 months. For the first time, changes in physiological and biochemical parameters were shown in DAT-KO rats at 1.5 months of postnatal life. The key role of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and catalase in the regulation of oxidative stress in DAT-KO rats at the 5th week of life was demonstrated. A positive effect of a slightly increased dopamine level on memory function was shown in DAT-heterozygous animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Apryatin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Traktirov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M N Karpenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I S Ivleva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Pestereva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M V Bolshakova
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A N Trofimov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Z S Fesenko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V M Klimenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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6
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Korf JM, McCullough LD, Caretti V. A narrative review on treatment strategies for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Transl Pediatr 2023; 12:1552-1571. [PMID: 37692539 PMCID: PMC10485647 DOI: 10.21037/tp-23-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) represents a significant achievement in the translation of scientific research to clinical application, but it is currently the only neuroprotective treatment for HIE. This review aims to revisit the use of TH for HIE and its longitudinal impact on patient outcomes to readers new to the field of HIE. We discuss how emerging therapies address the broader pathophysiology of injury progression in the neonatal brain days to years after HIE. Methods We included full articles and book chapters published in English on PubMed with references to "hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy", "birth asphyxia", "therapeutic hypothermia", or "neonatal encephalopathy". We limited our review to outcomes on term infants and to new therapeutics that are in the second phase of clinical trials. Key Content and Findings Despite the use of TH for HIE, mortality remains high. Analysis of longitudinal studies reveals a high incidence of ongoing disability even with the implementation of TH. New therapeutics addressing the secondary phase and the less understood tertiary phase of brain injury are in clinical trials as adjunctive treatments to TH to support additional neurological repair and regeneration. Conclusions TH successfully improves outcomes after HIE, and it continues to be optimized. Larger studies are needed to understand its use in mild cases of HIE and if certain factors, such as sex, affect long term outcomes. TH primarily acts in the initial phases of injury, while new pharmaceutical therapies target additional injury pathways into the tertiary phases of injury. This may allow for more effective approaches to treatment and improvement of long-term functional outcomes after HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M. Korf
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viola Caretti
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Hussain M, Chu X, Duan Sahbaz B, Gray S, Pekhale K, Park JH, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Mitochondrial OGG1 expression reduces age-associated neuroinflammation by regulating cytosolic mitochondrial DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 203:34-44. [PMID: 37011700 PMCID: PMC10247526 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.03.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in DNA repair efficiency, which leads to the accumulation of different types of DNA damage. Age-associated chronic inflammation and generation of reactive oxygen species exacerbate the aging process and age-related chronic disorders. These inflammatory processes establish conditions that favor accumulation of DNA base damage, especially 8-oxo-7,8 di-hydroguanine (8-oxoG), which in turn contributes to various age associated diseases. 8-oxoG is repaired by 8-oxoG glycosylase1 (OGG1) through the base excision repair (BER) pathway. OGG1 is present in both the cell nucleus and in mitochondria. Mitochondrial OGG1 has been implicated in mitochondrial DNA repair and increased mitochondrial function. Using transgenic mouse models and cell lines that have been engineered to have enhanced expression of mitochondria-targeted OGG1 (mtOGG1), we show that elevated levels of mtOGG1 in mitochondria can reverse aging-associated inflammation and improve functions. Old male mtOGG1Tg mice show decreased inflammation response, decreased TNFα levels and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, we observe that male mtOGG1Tg mice show resistance to STING activation. Interestingly, female mtOGG1Tg mice did not respond to mtOGG1 overexpression. Further, HMC3 cells expressing mtOGG1 display decreased release of mtDNA into the cytoplasm after lipopolysacchride induction and regulate inflammation through the pSTING pathway. Also, increased mtOGG1 expression reduced LPS-induced loss of mitochondrial functions. These results suggest that mtOGG1 regulates age-associated inflammation by controlling release of mtDNA into the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Hussain
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Burcin Duan Sahbaz
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Samuel Gray
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Komal Pekhale
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jae-Hyeon Park
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Computational Biology & Genomics Core, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- DNA repair section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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Piel S, Janowska JI, Ward JL, McManus MJ, Aronowitz DI, Janowski PK, Starr J, Hook JN, Hefti MM, Clayman CL, Elmér E, Hansson MJ, Jang DH, Karlsson M, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Succinate prodrugs as treatment for acute metabolic crisis during fluoroacetate intoxication in the rat. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1231-1244. [PMID: 36282352 PMCID: PMC10540239 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04589-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Sodium fluoroacetate (FA) is a metabolic poison that systemically inhibits the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, causing energy deficiency and ultimately multi-organ failure. It poses a significant threat to society because of its high toxicity, potential use as a chemical weapon and lack of effective antidotal therapy. In this study, we investigated cell-permeable succinate prodrugs as potential treatment for acute FA intoxication. We hypothesized that succinate prodrugs would bypass FA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, provide metabolic support, and prevent metabolic crisis during acute FA intoxication. To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to FA (0.75 mg/kg) and treated with the succinate prodrug candidate NV354. Treatment efficacy was evaluated based on cardiac and cerebral mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial content, metabolic profiles and tissue pathology. In the heart, FA increased concentrations of the TCA metabolite citrate (+ 4.2-fold, p < 0.01) and lowered ATP levels (- 1.9-fold, p < 0.001), confirming the inhibition of the TCA cycle by FA. High-resolution respirometry of cardiac mitochondria further revealed an impairment of mitochondrial complex V (CV)-linked metabolism, as evident by a reduced phosphorylation system control ratio (- 41%, p < 0.05). The inhibition of CV-linked metabolism is a novel mechanism of FA cardiac toxicity, which has implications for drug development and which NV354 was unable to counteract at the given dose. In the brain, FA induced the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyrate (+ 1.4-fold, p < 0.05) and the reduction of mitochondrial complex I (CI)-linked oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOSCI) (- 20%, p < 0.01), the latter of which was successfully alleviated by NV354. This promising effect of NV354 warrants further investigations to determine its potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Piel
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Joanna I Janowska
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Laurenson Ward
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Meagan J McManus
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Danielle I Aronowitz
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Piotr K Janowski
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jonathan Starr
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jordan N Hook
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - Carly L Clayman
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Abliva AB, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Resuscitation Science Center of Emphasis, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
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9
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Sexual Dimorphism in Neurodegenerative Diseases and in Brain Ischemia. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010026. [PMID: 36671411 PMCID: PMC9855831 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and clinical observations show evidence of sexual dimorphism in brain responses to several neurological conditions. It is suggested that sex-related differences between men and women may have profound effects on disease susceptibility, pathophysiology, and progression. Sexual differences of the brain are achieved through the complex interplay of several factors contributing to this phenomenon, such as sex hormones, as well as genetic and epigenetic differences. Despite recent advances, the precise link between these factors and brain disorders is incompletely understood. This review aims to briefly outline the most relevant aspects that differ between men and women in ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders (AD, PD, HD, ALS, and SM). Recognition of disparities between both sexes could aid the development of individual approaches to ameliorate or slow the progression of intractable disorders.
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10
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Sliz E, Shin J, Ahmad S, Williams DM, Frenzel S, Gauß F, Harris SE, Henning AK, Hernandez MV, Hu YH, Jiménez B, Sargurupremraj M, Sudre C, Wang R, Wittfeld K, Yang Q, Wardlaw JM, Völzke H, Vernooij MW, Schott JM, Richards M, Proitsi P, Nauck M, Lewis MR, Launer L, Hosten N, Grabe HJ, Ghanbari M, Deary IJ, Cox SR, Chaturvedi N, Barnes J, Rotter JI, Debette S, Ikram MA, Fornage M, Paus T, Seshadri S, Pausova Z. Circulating Metabolome and White Matter Hyperintensities in Women and Men. Circulation 2022; 145:1040-1052. [PMID: 35050683 PMCID: PMC9645366 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMH), identified on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the human brain as areas of enhanced brightness, are a major risk factor of stroke, dementia, and death. There are no large-scale studies testing associations between WMH and circulating metabolites. METHODS We studied up to 9290 individuals (50.7% female, average age 61 years) from 15 populations of 8 community-based cohorts. WMH volume was quantified from T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images or as hypointensities on T1-weighted images. Circulating metabolomic measures were assessed with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Associations between WMH and metabolomic measures were tested by fitting linear regression models in the pooled sample and in sex-stratified and statin treatment-stratified subsamples. Our basic models were adjusted for age, sex, age×sex, and technical covariates, and our fully adjusted models were also adjusted for statin treatment, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Population-specific results were meta-analyzed using the fixed-effect inverse variance-weighted method. Associations with false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values (PFDR)<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of results from the basic models, we identified 30 metabolomic measures associated with WMH (PFDR<0.05), 7 of which remained significant in the fully adjusted models. The most significant association was with higher level of hydroxyphenylpyruvate in men (PFDR.full.adj=1.40×10-7) and in both the pooled sample (PFDR.full.adj=1.66×10-4) and statin-untreated (PFDR.full.adj=1.65×10-6) subsample. In men, hydroxyphenylpyruvate explained 3% to 14% of variance in WMH. In men and the pooled sample, WMH were also associated with lower levels of lysophosphatidylcholines and hydroxysphingomyelins and a larger diameter of low-density lipoprotein particles, likely arising from higher triglyceride to total lipids and lower cholesteryl ester to total lipids ratios within these particles. In women, the only significant association was with higher level of glucuronate (PFDR=0.047). CONCLUSIONS Circulating metabolomic measures, including multiple lipid measures (eg, lysophosphatidylcholines, hydroxysphingomyelins, low-density lipoprotein size and composition) and nonlipid metabolites (eg, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, glucuronate), associate with WMH in a general population of middle-aged and older adults. Some metabolomic measures show marked sex specificities and explain a sizable proportion of WMH variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Sliz
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan M. Williams
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Frenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Gauß
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ann-Kristin Henning
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Valdes Hernandez
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi-Han Hu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Sudre
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Lewis
- National Phenome Centre, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lenore Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Germany Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), partner site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R. Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts group, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Josephine Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- ECOGENE-21, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Huang T, Huang X, Li H, Qi J, Wang N, Xu Y, Zeng Y, Xiao X, Liu R, Chan YL, Oliver BG, Yi C, Li D, Chen H. Maternal Cigarette Smoke Exposure Exaggerates the Behavioral Defects and Neuronal Loss Caused by Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Female Offspring. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:818536. [PMID: 35250486 PMCID: PMC8894648 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.818536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveHypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy affects ∼6 in 1,000 preterm neonates, leading to significant neurological sequela (e.g., cognitive deficits and cerebral palsy). Maternal smoke exposure (SE) is one of the common causes of neurological disorders; however, female offspring seems to be less affected than males in our previous study. We also showed that maternal SE exaggerated neurological disorders caused by neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in adolescent male offspring. Here, we aimed to examine whether female littermates of these males are protected from such insult.MethodsBALB/c dams were exposed to cigarette smoke generated from 2 cigarettes twice daily for 6 weeks before mating, during gestation and lactation. To induce hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, half of the pups from each litter underwent left carotid artery occlusion, followed by exposure to 8% oxygen (92% nitrogen) at postnatal day (P) 10. Behavioral tests were performed at P40–44, and brain tissues were collected at P45.ResultsMaternal SE worsened the defects in short-term memory and motor function in females with hypoxic-ischemic injury; however, reduced anxiety due to injury was observed in the control offspring, but not the SE offspring. Both hypoxic-ischemic injury and maternal SE caused significant loss of neuronal cells and synaptic proteins, along with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.ConclusionOxidative stress and inflammatory response due to maternal SE may be the mechanism of worsened neurological outcomes by hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in females, which was similar to their male littermates shown in our previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taida Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Li
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhua Qi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunxin Zeng
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ruide Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yik Lung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chenju Yi,
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Dan Li,
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Cristancho AG, Gadra EC, Samba IM, Zhao C, Ouyang M, Magnitsky S, Huang H, Viaene AN, Anderson SA, Marsh ED. Deficits in Seizure Threshold and Other Behaviors in Adult Mice without Gross Neuroanatomic Injury after Late Gestation Transient Prenatal Hypoxia. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:246-265. [PMID: 35279653 PMCID: PMC9464267 DOI: 10.1159/000524045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia is a common cause of brain injury in children resulting in a broad spectrum of long-term neurodevelopmental sequela, including life-long disabilities that can occur even in the absence of severe neuroanatomic damage. Postnatal hypoxia-ischemia rodent models are commonly used to understand the effects of ischemia and transient hypoxia on the developing brain. Postnatal models, however, have some limitations. First, they do not test the impact of placental pathologies on outcomes from hypoxia. Second, they primarily recapitulate severe injury because they provoke substantial cell death, which is not seen in children with mild hypoxic injury. Lastly, they do not model preterm hypoxic injury. Prenatal models of hypoxia in mice may allow us to address some of these limitations to expand our understanding of developmental brain injury. The published rodent models of prenatal hypoxia employ multiple days of hypoxic exposure or complicated surgical procedures, making these models challenging to perform consistently in mice. Furthermore, large animal models suggest that transient prenatal hypoxia without ischemia is sufficient to lead to significant functional impairment to the developing brain. However, these large animal studies are resource-intensive and not readily amenable to mechanistic molecular studies. Therefore, here we characterized the effect of late gestation (embryonic day 17.5) transient prenatal hypoxia (5% inspired oxygen) on long-term anatomical and neurodevelopmental outcomes in mice. Late gestation transient prenatal hypoxia increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha protein levels (a marker of hypoxic exposure) in the fetal brain. Hypoxia exposure predisposed animals to decreased weight at postnatal day 2, which normalized by day 8. However, hypoxia did not affect gestational age at birth, litter size at birth, or pup survival. No differences in fetal brain cell death or long-term gray or white matter changes resulted from hypoxia. Animals exposed to prenatal hypoxia did have several long-term functional consequences, including sex-dichotomous changes. Hypoxia exposure was associated with a decreased seizure threshold and abnormalities in hindlimb strength and repetitive behaviors in males and females. Males exposed to hypoxia had increased anxiety-related deficits, whereas females had deficits in social interaction. Neither sex developed any motor or visual learning deficits. This study demonstrates that late gestation transient prenatal hypoxia in mice is a simple, clinically relevant paradigm for studying putative environmental and genetic modulators of the long-term effects of hypoxia on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Cristancho
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elyse C Gadra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ima M Samba
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Minhui Ouyang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sergey Magnitsky
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Radiology Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Angela N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stewart A Anderson
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric D Marsh
- Division of Child Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Sarzi-Puttini P, Giorgi V, Di Lascio S, Fornasari D. Acetyl-L-carnitine in chronic pain: A narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105874. [PMID: 34500063 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) is an endogenous molecule that not only plays a role in energy metabolism, but also has antioxidant properties, protects from oxidative stress, modulates brain neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine, and acts on neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors by means of epigenetic mechanisms. Importantly, it induces mGlu2 expression at nerve terminals, thus giving rise to analgesia and preventing spinal sensitisation. It has also been found to have even long-term neurotrophic and analgesic activity in experimental models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The aim of this narrative review is to summarise the current evidence regarding the use of ALC in patients with chronic pain, and cognitive and mood disorders, and investigate the rationale underlying its use in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome, which is characterised by nociplastic changes that increase the sensitivity of the nervous system to pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Giorgi
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Fornasari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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14
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Jenkins DD, Moss HG, Brown TR, Yazdani M, Thayyil S, Montaldo P, Vento M, Kuligowski J, Wagner C, Hollis BW, Wiest DB. NAC and Vitamin D Improve CNS and Plasma Oxidative Stress in Neonatal HIE and Are Associated with Favorable Long-Term Outcomes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091344. [PMID: 34572976 PMCID: PMC8466838 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin D provide effective neuroprotection in animal models of severe or inflammation-sensitized hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). To translate these FDA-approved drugs to HIE neonates, we conducted an early phase, open-label trial of 10 days of NAC (25, 40 mg/kg q12h) + 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol 0.05 mg/kg q12h, 0.03 mg/kg q24h), (NVD), for pharmacokinetic (PK) estimates during therapeutic hypothermia and normothermia. We paired PK samples with pharmacodynamic (PD) targets of plasma isoprostanoids, CNS glutathione (GSH) and total creatine (tCr) by serial MRS in basal ganglia (BG) before and after NVD infusion at five days. Infants had moderate (n = 14) or severe HIE (n = 16), funisitis (32%), and vitamin D deficiency (75%). NVD resulted in rapid, dose-responsive increases in CNS GSH and tCr that correlated positively with plasma [NAC], inversely with plasma isofurans, and was greater in infants with lower baseline [GSH] and [tCr], suggesting increases in these PD markers were titrated by neural demand. Hypothermia and normothermia altered NAC PK estimates. NVD was well tolerated. Excluding genetic syndromes (2), prolonged ECMO (2), lost-to-follow-up (1) and SIDS death (1), 24 NVD treated HIE infants have no evidence of cerebral palsy, autism or cognitive delay at 24–48 months. These data confirm that low, safe doses of NVD in HIE neonates decreased oxidative stress in plasma and CNS, improved CNS energetics, and are associated with favorable developmental outcomes at two to four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea D Jenkins
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-2112
| | - Hunter G Moss
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Truman R Brown
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Milad Yazdani
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (H.G.M.); (T.R.B.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sudhin Thayyil
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Montaldo
- Centre for Perinatal Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK; (S.T.); (P.M.)
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Carol Wagner
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (C.W.); (B.W.H.)
| | - Donald B Wiest
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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15
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Marutani E, Morita M, Hirai S, Kai S, Grange RMH, Miyazaki Y, Nagashima F, Traeger L, Magliocca A, Ida T, Matsunaga T, Flicker DR, Corman B, Mori N, Yamazaki Y, Batten A, Li R, Tanaka T, Ikeda T, Nakagawa A, Atochin DN, Ihara H, Olenchock BA, Shen X, Nishida M, Hanaoka K, Kevil CG, Xian M, Bloch DB, Akaike T, Hindle AG, Motohashi H, Ichinose F. Sulfide catabolism ameliorates hypoxic brain injury. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3108. [PMID: 34035265 PMCID: PMC8149856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is highly vulnerable to oxygen deprivation, yet the mechanism underlying the brain's sensitivity to hypoxia is incompletely understood. Hypoxia induces accumulation of hydrogen sulfide, a gas that inhibits mitochondrial respiration. Here, we show that, in mice, rats, and naturally hypoxia-tolerant ground squirrels, the sensitivity of the brain to hypoxia is inversely related to the levels of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) and the capacity to catabolize sulfide. Silencing SQOR increased the sensitivity of the brain to hypoxia, whereas neuron-specific SQOR expression prevented hypoxia-induced sulfide accumulation, bioenergetic failure, and ischemic brain injury. Excluding SQOR from mitochondria increased sensitivity to hypoxia not only in the brain but also in heart and liver. Pharmacological scavenging of sulfide maintained mitochondrial respiration in hypoxic neurons and made mice resistant to hypoxia. These results illuminate the critical role of sulfide catabolism in energy homeostasis during hypoxia and identify a therapeutic target for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizo Marutani
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shinichi Kai
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M H Grange
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Nagashima
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel R Flicker
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Corman
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naohiro Mori
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yumiko Yamazaki
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annabelle Batten
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Li
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences & Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems & Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Ikeda
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akito Nakagawa
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Benjamin A Olenchock
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinggui Shen
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences & Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems & Center for Novel Science Initiatives, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Impact of intrauterine fetal resuscitation with oxygen on oxidative stress in the developing rat brain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9798. [PMID: 33963277 PMCID: PMC8105387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of maternal oxygen for intrauterine resuscitation is contentious because of the lack of evidence for its efficacy and the possibility of fetal harm through oxidative stress. Because the developing brain is rich in lipids and low in antioxidants, it remains vulnerable to oxidative stress. Here, we tested this hypothesis in a term pregnant rat model with oxytocin-induced fetal distress followed by treatment with either room air or 100% oxygen for 6 h. Fetal brains from both sexes were subjected to assays for biomarkers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyl, or 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), expression of genes mediating oxidative stress, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Contrary to our hypothesis, maternal hyperoxia was not associated with increased biomarkers of oxidative stress in the fetal brain. However, there was significant upregulation of the expression of select genes mediating oxidative stress, of which some were male-specific. These observations, however, were not accompanied by changes in the expression of proteins from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. In summary, maternal hyperoxia in the setting of acute uteroplacental ischemia-hypoxia does not appear to cause oxidative damage to the developing brain.
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17
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Yang T, Li S. Efficacy of different treatment times of mild cerebral hypothermia on oxidative factors and neuroprotective effects in neonatal patients with moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520943770. [PMID: 32938280 PMCID: PMC7503019 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520943770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy of different treatment times of mild cerebral hypothermia for treating moderate/severe hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonatal patients and its effects on oxidative factors. Methods This prospective, randomized, controlled study included 92 neonatal patients with moderate/severe HIE and 30 controls. The patients with HIE received routine treatment, 48 hours of hypothermia, or 72 hours of hypothermia. Results Superoxide dismutase (SOD) values were significantly lower and malondialdehyde (MDA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) values were higher in patients with HIE than in controls before the study. After 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment, SOD values in all patients with HIE gradually increased and MDA and NSE values gradually decreased. At 3, 7, and 10 days, the Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment scores were highest in the mild hypothermia for 72 hours group than in the other groups. The Mental and Psychomotor Development Indices scores of the Bayley Scales were significantly higher in the mild hypothermia for 72 hours group than in the other groups. Conclusion Hypothermia treatment of 72 hours is better than 48 hours for improving oxidative conditions, reducing NSE values, and improving neurological behavior and development for neonates with moderate/severe HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Neonatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Cikic S, Chandra PK, Harman JC, Rutkai I, Katakam PV, Guidry JJ, Gidday JM, Busija DW. Sexual differences in mitochondrial and related proteins in rat cerebral microvessels: A proteomic approach. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:397-412. [PMID: 32241204 PMCID: PMC8370005 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20915127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in mitochondrial numbers and function are present in large cerebral arteries, but it is unclear whether these differences extend to the microcirculation. We performed an assessment of mitochondria-related proteins in cerebral microvessels (MVs) isolated from young, male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats. MVs composed of arterioles, capillaries, and venules were isolated from the cerebrum and used to perform a 3 versus 3 quantitative, multiplexed proteomics experiment utilizing tandem mass tags (TMT), coupled with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). MS data and bioinformatic analyses were performed using Proteome Discoverer version 2.2 and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. We identified a total of 1969 proteins, of which 1871 were quantified by TMT labels. Sixty-four proteins were expressed significantly (p < 0.05) higher in female samples compared with male samples. Females expressed more mitochondrial proteins involved in energy production, mitochondrial membrane structure, anti-oxidant enzyme proteins, and those involved in fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, males had higher expression levels of mitochondria-destructive proteins. Our findings reveal, for the first time, the full extent of sexual dimorphism in the mitochondrial metabolic protein profiles of MVs, which may contribute to sex-dependent cerebrovascular and neurological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Cikic
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Partha K Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jarrod C Harman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad Vg Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jessie J Guidry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Proteomics Core Facility, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gidday
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David W Busija
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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19
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Rodriguez J, Li T, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhu C. Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:205-213. [PMID: 32859765 PMCID: PMC7896227 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitochondria play a prominent role not only due to their central function in metabolism but also because many proteins with apoptosis-related functions are located in the mitochondrion. Among these proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor has already been shown to be an important factor involved in neuronal cell death upon hypoxia-ischemia, but a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these processes is required for the development of more effective treatments during the early stages of perinatal brain injury. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, specifically on the importance of apoptosis-inducing factor. The relevance of apoptosis-inducing factor is based not only because it participates in the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway but also because it plays a crucial role in mitochondrial energetic functionality, especially with regard to the maintenance of electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation and in oxidative stress, acting as a free radical scavenger. We also discuss all the different apoptosis-inducing factor isoforms discovered, focusing especially on apoptosis-inducing factor 2, which is only expressed in the brain and the functions of which are starting now to be clarified. Finally, we summarized the interaction of apoptosis-inducing factor with several proteins that are crucial for both apoptosis-inducing factor functions (pro-survival and pro-apoptotic) and that are highly important in order to develop promising therapeutic targets for improving outcomes after perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodriguez
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Wang B, Kulikowicz E, Lee JK, Koehler RC, Yang ZJ. Sulforaphane Protects Piglet Brains from Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:124-134. [PMID: 33302269 DOI: 10.1159/000511888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatal, primary sensorimotor cortical, and thalamic neurons are highly vulnerable to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in term newborns. In a piglet model of HI that exhibits similar selective regional vulnerability, we tested the hypothesis that early treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of the Nrf2 transcription factor, protects vulnerable neurons from HI injury. Anesthetized piglets (aged 3-7 days) were subjected to 45 min of hypoxia and 7 min of airway occlusion. At 15 min after resuscitation, the piglets received intravenous vehicle or sulforaphane. At 4 days of recovery, the density of viable neurons in the putamen of vehicle-treated piglets was 31 ± 34% (±SD) that of sham-operated controls. Treatment with sulforaphane significantly increased viability to 77 ± 31%. In the sensorimotor cortex, neuronal viability was also increased; it was 59 ± 35% in the vehicle-treated and 89 ± 15% in the sulforaphane-treated animals. Treatment with sulforaphane increased the nuclear Nrf2 and γ-glu-tamylcysteine synthetase expression at 6 h of recovery in these regions. We conclude that systemic administration of sulforaphane 15 min after HI can induce the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus, increase expression of an enzyme involved in glutathione synthesis, and salvage neurons in the highly vulnerable putamen and sensorimotor cortex in a large-animal model of HI. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 activation soon after recovery from HI is a feasible approach for neuroprotection in the newborn brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Kulikowicz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zeng-Jin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
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21
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Shrestha N, Ezechukwu HC, Holland OJ, Hryciw DH. Developmental programming of peripheral diseases in offspring exposed to maternal obesity during pregnancy. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R507-R516. [PMID: 32877239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00214.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing global health epidemic that affects all ages, including women of reproductive age. During pregnancy, maternal obesity is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes that lead to complications for the mother. In addition, maternal obesity can increase the risk of poor perinatal outcomes for the infant due to altered development. Recent research has investigated the effects of maternal obesity on peripheral organ development and health in later life in offspring. In this review, we have summarized studies that investigated the programming effects of maternal obesity before and during pregnancy on metabolic, cardiovascular, immune, and microbiome perturbations in offspring. Epidemiological studies investigating the effects of maternal obesity on offspring development can be complex due to other copathologies and genetic diversity. Animal studies have provided some insights into the specific mechanisms and pathways involved in programming peripheral disease risk. The effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on offspring development are often sex specific, with sex-specific changes in placental transport and function suggestive that this organ is likely to play a central role. We believe that this review will assist in facilitating future investigations regarding the underlying mechanisms that link maternal obesity and offspring disease risk in peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry C Ezechukwu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EKO University of Medicine and Health Science, Ijanikin, Nigeria
| | - Olivia J Holland
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Abstract
The hippocampus is central to spatial learning and stress responsiveness, both of which differ in form and function in males versus females, yet precisely how the hippocampus contributes to these sex differences is largely unknown. In reproductively mature individuals, sex differences in the steroid hormone milieu undergirds many sex differences in hippocampal-related endpoints. However, there is also evidence for developmental programming of adult hippocampal function, with a central role for androgens as well as their aromatized byproduct, estrogens. These include sex differences in cell genesis, synapse formation, dendritic arborization, and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Enduring effects of steroid hormone modulation occur during two developmental epochs, the first being the classic perinatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the brain and the other being adolescence and the associated hormonal changes of puberty. The cellular mechanisms by which steroid hormones enduringly modify hippocampal form and function are poorly understood, but we here review what is known and highlight where attention should be focused.
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23
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Palanisamy A, Giri T, Jiang J, Bice A, Quirk JD, Conyers SB, Maloney SE, Raghuraman N, Bauer AQ, Garbow JR, Wozniak DF. In utero exposure to transient ischemia-hypoxemia promotes long-term neurodevelopmental abnormalities in male rat offspring. JCI Insight 2020; 5:133172. [PMID: 32434985 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.133172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of transient ischemic-hypoxemic insults on the developing fetal brain is poorly understood despite evidence suggesting an association with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. To address this, we designed an aberrant uterine hypercontractility paradigm with oxytocin to better assess the consequences of acute, but transient, placental ischemia-hypoxemia in term pregnant rats. Using MRI, we confirmed that oxytocin-induced aberrant uterine hypercontractility substantially compromised uteroplacental perfusion. This was supported by the observation of oxidative stress and increased lactate concentration in the fetal brain. Genes related to oxidative stress pathways were significantly upregulated in male, but not female, offspring 1 hour after oxytocin-induced placental ischemia-hypoxemia. Persistent upregulation of select mitochondrial electron transport chain complex proteins in the anterior cingulate cortex of adolescent male offspring suggested that this sex-specific effect was enduring. Functionally, offspring exposed to oxytocin-induced uterine hypercontractility showed male-specific abnormalities in social behavior with associated region-specific changes in gene expression and functional cortical connectivity. Our findings, therefore, indicate that even transient but severe placental ischemia-hypoxemia could be detrimental to the developing brain and point to a possible mitochondrial link between intrauterine asphyxia and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | - Annie Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David F Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, and.,Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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24
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Microglial and Astrocytic Function in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Estrogenic Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093219. [PMID: 32370112 PMCID: PMC7247358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are sexual differences in the onset, prevalence, and outcome of numerous neurological diseases. Thus, in Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and major depression disorder, the incidence in women is higher than in men. In contrast, men are more likely to present other pathologies, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and autism spectrum. Although the neurological contribution to these diseases has classically always been studied, the truth is that neurons are not the only cells to be affected, and there are other cells, such as glial cells, that are also involved and could be key to understanding the development of these pathologies. Sexual differences exist not only in pathology but also in physiological processes, which shows how cells are differentially regulated in males and females. One of the reasons these sexual differences may occur could be due to the different action of sex hormones. Many studies have shown an increase in aromatase levels in the brain, which could indicate the main role of estrogens in modulating proinflammatory processes. This review will highlight data about sex differences in glial physiology and how estrogenic compounds, such as estradiol and tibolone, could be used as treatment in neurological diseases due to their anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to modulate glial cell functions.
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25
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Tsuji S, Di Martino E, Mukai T, Tsuji S, Murakami T, Harris RA, Blomgren K, Åden U. Aggravated brain injury after neonatal hypoxic ischemia in microglia-depleted mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:111. [PMID: 32276642 PMCID: PMC7149909 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation plays an important role in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Although microglia are largely responsible for injury-induced inflammatory response, they play beneficial roles in both normal and disease states. However, the effects of microglial depletion on neonatal HIE remain unclear. Methods Tamoxifen was administered to Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/+ (microglia-depleted model) and Cx3cr1CreER/+Rosa26DTA/− (control) mice at P8 and P9 to assess the effect of microglial depletion. The density of microglia was quantified using Iba-1 staining. Moreover, the proportion of resident microglia after the HI insult was analyzed using flow cytometric analysis. At P10, the HI insult was conducted using the Rice-Vannucci procedure at P10. The infarct size and apoptotic cells were analyzed at P13. Cytokine analyses were performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at P13. Results At P10, tamoxifen administration induced > 99% microglial depletion in DTA+ mice. Following HI insult, there was persisted microglial depletion over 97% at P13. Compared to male DTA− mice, male DTA+ mice exhibited significantly larger infarct volumes; however, there were no significant differences among females. Moreover, compared to male DTA− mice, male DTA+ mice had a significantly higher density of TUNEL+ cells in the caudoputamen, cerebral cortex, and thalamus. Moreover, compared to female DTA− mice, female DTA+ mice showed a significantly greater number of TUNEL+ cells in the hippocampus and thalamus. Compared to DTA− mice, ELISA revealed significantly lower IL-10 and TGF-β levels in both male and female DTA+ mice under both normal conditions and after HI (more pronounced). Conclusion We established a microglial depletion model that aggravated neuronal damage and apoptosis after the HI insult, which was predominantly observed in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Elena Di Martino
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takeo Mukai
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shoko Tsuji
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu City, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Robert A Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Åden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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26
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Inhibiting the interaction between apoptosis-inducing factor and cyclophilin A prevents brain injury in neonatal mice after hypoxia-ischemia. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108088. [PMID: 32277944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cyclophilin A (CypA) has been shown to contribute to caspase-independent apoptosis. Blocking the AIF/CypA interaction protects against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death in vitro, and the purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of an AIF/CypA interaction blocking peptide (AIF(370-394)-TAT) on neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The pups were treated with AIF (370-394)-TAT peptide intranasally prior to HI. Brain injury was significantly reduced at 72 h after HI in the AIF(370-394)-TAT peptide treatment group compared to vehicle-only treatment for both the gray matter and the subcortical white matter, and the neuroprotection was more pronounced in males than in females. Neuronal cell death was evaluated in males at 8 h and 24 h post-HI, and it was decreased significantly in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the nucleus habenularis region after AIF(370-394)-TAT treatment. Caspase-independent apoptosis was decreased in the cortex, striatum, and nucleus habenularis after AIF(370-394)-TAT treatment, but no significant change was found on caspase-dependent apoptosis as indicated by the number of active caspase-3-labeled cells. Further analysis showed that both AIF and CypA nuclear accumulation were decreased after treatment with the AIF(370-394)-TAT peptide. These results suggest that AIF(370-394)-TAT inhibited AIF/CypA translocation to the nucleus and reduced HI-induced caspase-independent apoptosis and brain injury in young male mice, suggesting that blocking AIF/CypA might be a potential therapeutic target for neonatal brain injury.
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27
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Xue LL, Wang F, Niu RZ, Tan YX, Liu J, Jin Y, Ma Z, Zhang ZB, Jiang Y, Chen L, Xia QJ, Chen JJ, Wang TH, Xiong LL. Offspring of rats with cerebral hypoxia-ischemia manifest cognitive dysfunction in learning and memory abilities. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1662-1670. [PMID: 32209770 PMCID: PMC7437586 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a serious neurological disease, often resulting in long-term neurodevelopmental disorders among surviving children. However, whether these neurodevelopmental issues can be passed to offspring remains unclear. The right common carotid artery of 7-day-old parental-generation rats was subjected to permanent ligation using a vessel electrocoagulator. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic rat models were established by subjecting the rats to 8% O2–92% N2 for 2 hours. The results showed that 24 hours after hypoxia and ischemia, pathological damage, cerebral atrophy, liquefaction, and impairment were found, and Zea-Longa scores were significantly increased. The parental-generation rats were propagated at 3 months old, and offspring were obtained. No changes in the overall brain structures of these offspring rats were identified by magnetic resonance imaging. However, the escape latency was longer and the number of platform crossings was reduced among these offspring compared with normal rats. These results indicated that the offspring of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats displayed cognitive impairments in learning and memory. This study was approved by the Animal Care & Welfare Committee of Kunming Medical University, China in 2018 (approval No. kmmu2019072).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province; Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Science and Technology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Rui-Ze Niu
- Department of Laboratory Zoology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Ya-Xin Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Laboratory Zoology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Zi-Bin Zhang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Zoology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Jie Xia
- Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province; Institute of Neurological Disease, Department of Anesthesiology, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liu-Lin Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Bordt EA, Ceasrine AM, Bilbo SD. Microglia and sexual differentiation of the developing brain: A focus on ontogeny and intrinsic factors. Glia 2019; 68:1085-1099. [PMID: 31743527 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of the brain during early development likely underlies the strong sex biases prevalent in many neurological conditions. Mounting evidence indicates that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are intricately involved in these sex-specific processes of differentiation. In this review, we synthesize literature demonstrating sex differences in microglial number, morphology, transcriptional state, and functionality throughout spatiotemporal development as well as highlight current literature regarding ontogeny of microglia. Along with vanRyzin et al. in this issue, we explore the idea that differences in microglia imparted by chromosomal or ontogeny-related programming can influence microglial-driven sexual differentiation of the brain, as well as the idea that extrinsic differences in the male and female brain microenvironment may in turn impart sex differences in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Bordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexis M Ceasrine
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Staci D Bilbo
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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29
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The inflammatory event of birth: How oxytocin signaling may guide the development of the brain and gastrointestinal system. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100794. [PMID: 31560883 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxytocin (OT) as a neuropeptide that modulates social behavior has been extensively studied and reviewed, but beyond these functions, OT's adaptive functions at birth are quite numerous, as OT coordinates many physiological processes in the mother and fetus to ensure a successful delivery. In this review we explore in detail the potential adaptive roles of oxytocin as an anti-inflammatory, protective molecule at birth for the developing fetal brain and gastrointestinal system based on evidence that birth is a potent inflammatory/immune event. We discuss data with relevance for a number of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the emerging role of the gut-brain axis for health and disease. Finally, we discuss the potential relevance of sex differences in OT signaling present at birth in the increased male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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Early-life N-arachidonoyl-dopamine exposure increases antioxidant capacity of the brain tissues and reduces functional deficits after neonatal hypoxia in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:7-18. [PMID: 31369794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia is one of the most common causes of perinatal brain injury and subsequent neurological disorders in children. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of N-arachidonoyl-dopamine (NADA) in the model of acute neonatal hypoxia (ANH) in rat pups. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a hypoxic condition (8% oxygen for 120 min) at postnatal day 2 (P2). Transcription factor HIF1-α and glutathione peroxidases GPx2 and GPx4 gene expression was increased in rat brains in the hypoxic group compared to control 1.5 h but not 4 days after ANH. There were no post-hypoxic changes in reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione levels in the brain of rat pups 1.5 h and 4 d after hypoxia. Hypoxic rats displayed retarded performance in the righting reflex and the negative geotaxis tests. ANH resulted in increased ambulation in Open field test and impaired retention in the Barnes maze task under stressful conditions as compared with the control group. Treatment with NADA significantly attenuated the delayed development of sensorimotor reflexes and stress-evoked disruption of memory retention in hypoxic rats but had no effect on the hypoxia-induced hyperactivity. In rats exposed to hypoxia, treatment with NADA decreased GPx2 gene expression and increased GSH/GSSG ratio in whole brains 1.5 h after ANH. These results suggest that the long-lasting beneficial effects of NADA on hypoxia-induced neurobehavioural deficits are mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant properties.
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31
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Li K, Li T, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang S, Culmsee C, Wang X, Zhu C. Sex differences in neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia and adaptaquin treatment. J Neurochem 2019; 150:759-775. [PMID: 31188470 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-PHDs) are important targets against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that inhibition HIF-PHD by adaptaquin reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. The pups were treated intraperitoneally immediately with adaptaquin after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and then every 24 h for 3 days. Adaptaquin treatment reduced infarction volume by an average of 26.3% at 72 h after HI compared to vehicle alone, and this reduction was more pronounced in males (34.8%) than in females (11.7%). The protection was also more pronounced in the cortex. The subcortical white matter injury as measured by tissue loss volume was reduced by 24.4% in the adaptaquin treatment group, and this reduction was also more pronounced in males (28.4%) than in females (18.9%). Cell death was decreased in the cortex as indicated by Fluoro-Jade labeling, but not in other brain regions with adaptaquin treatment. Furthermore, in the brain injury area, adaptaquin did not alter the number of cells positive for caspase-3 activation or translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nuclei. Adaptaquin treatment increased glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression in the cortex but had no impact on 3-nitrotyrosine, 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, or malondialdehyde production. Hif1α mRNA expression increased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment also stimulated Hif1α mRNA expression, which was also more pronounced in males than in females. However, nuclear translocation of HIF1α protein was decreased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment had no influence on HIF1α expression in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that adaptaquin treatment is neuroprotective, but the potential mechanisms need further investigation. Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Third Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Ullah MF, Ahmad A, Bhat SH, Abu-Duhier FM, Barreto GE, Ashraf GM. Impact of sex differences and gender specificity on behavioral characteristics and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 102:95-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Laouafa S, Iturri P, Arias-Reyes C, Marcouiller F, Gonzales M, Joseph V, Bairam A, Soliz J. Erythropoietin and caffeine exert similar protective impact against neonatal intermittent hypoxia: Apnea of prematurity and sex dimorphism. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112985. [PMID: 31254520 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Apnea of prematurity (AoP) is associated with severe and repeated episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation (intermittent hypoxia - IH), which in turn increases the number of apneas. So far, there is no data addressing whether IH leads to sex-specific respiratory consequences, neither if drugs targeting AoP are more effective in males or females. We used rat pups for investigating whether IH-mediated increase of apneas is sex-specific. We also tested whether caffeine (treatment of choice of AoP), erythropoietin (Epo - a neuroprotective factor and potent respiratory stimulant), and combination of both (caffeine+Epo) prevent the IH-mediated formation of apneas in a sex-dependent manner. Newborn rats exposed to IH (21% - 10% FIO2-8 h a day - 10 cycles per hour) during postnatal days (P) 3-10 were used in this work. Animals were administered drug vehicle, Epo, caffeine and Epo + caffeine (daily from P3 to P10) gavage. At P10 the frequency of apneas at rest (as an index of respiratory dysfunction induced by IH), and respiratory parameters were measured by plethysmography. Our results showed that IH significantly increases the number of apneas in male but not in female rat pups. Moreover, caffeine and Epo in males similarly prevented the increase of apneas induced by IH, and the administration of both drugs together did not provide a cumulative beneficial effect. No impact of drugs was evidenced in females. Apart from apneas, IH increased the normoxic basal ventilation (ventilation at rest) of male animals, and treatments did not prevent such alteration. Besides, no IH- nor treatment-mediated modulation of basal ventilation was found in the basal ventilation of female animals. Analysis of the activity of pro- and antioxidative molecules revealed that IH induces oxidative stress in the brainstem of male and female animals and that all tested treatments similarly prevented such oxidative imbalance in pups of both sexes. We concluded that neonatal IH and the treatments tested to prevent its respiratory consequences are sex-specific. The mechanics associated with such prevention are directly linked with the prevention of oxidative stress and the maturation of the brain. These findings are relevant to understanding better the AoP disorder and for proposing Epo as a new therapeutical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofien Laouafa
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pablo Iturri
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Arias-Reyes
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - François Marcouiller
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelino Gonzales
- Instituto Boliviano de Biologia de la Altura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Aida Bairam
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Departamento de Biologia Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia.
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Arias-Reyes C, Losantos-Ramos K, Gonzales M, Furrer D, Soliz J. NADH-linked mitochondrial respiration in the developing mouse brain is sex-, age- and tissue-dependent. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 266:156-162. [PMID: 31128272 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in the brain. Apart from energy production, mitochondria regulate key factors in the activation of cell signaling pathways such as survival, proliferation, and differentiation. While all these processes occur during the physiological development of the brain, it is surprising that the mitochondrial functions and functioning in the brain during the postnatal development remain poorly explored. In this work, we collected samples of brainstem and cortex of mice at postnatal ages 3 (P3), 21 (P21), and at adulthood (3 months old) and evaluated the mitochondrial oxygen consumption after complex I activation. To do so, we used our oxygraph-2 K system (OROBOROS) that measures the mitochondrial bioenergetics in saponin-permeabilized tissue punches of 2 mg weight. Furthermore, as sex dimorphism in the brain occurs since very early stages of development, we performed experiments in brain samples of male and female mice. Accordingly, the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was evaluated under activation of complex I (NADH-linked respiration - mitochondrial state 3), and during the inhibition of the complex V (ATP synthase) with oligomycin (mitochondrial state 4). In following, the respiratory control ratio (RCR - state 3/state4) was calculated as an index of mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation coupling. Our results show that the activity of the mitochondrial complex I in the brain increases along with the postnatal development in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner, with males showing higher activity than females, and with brainstem tissue showing higher activity than cortex. Our data may contribute to a better understanding of the sex-dependent maturation of the cortex and the cardiorespiratory network located in the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arias-Reyes
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - K Losantos-Ramos
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - M Gonzales
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - D Furrer
- Oncology Axis, CHU of Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - J Soliz
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Instituto de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia.
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35
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Effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine Used for Protection of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury on Acute Kidney Changes in Male and Female Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2405-2412. [PMID: 31041669 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a common cause of brain injury in infants. Acute kidney injury frequently occurs after birth asphyxia and is associated with adverse outcome. Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) after HI protects brain and improves outcome. Rat pups underwent carotid ligation and 75 min hypoxia on postnatal day 7 to determine effects of HI on kidney which is understudied in this model. HI + ALCAR pups were treated at 0, 4 and 24 h after HI. The organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2), transports ALCAR and functions to reabsorb carnitine and acylcarnitines from urine. At 24 h after injury OCTN2 levels were significantly decreased in kidney from HI pups, 0.80 ± 0.04 (mean ± SEM, p < 0.01), compared to sham controls 1.03 ± 0.04, and HI + ALCAR pups 1.11 ± 0.06. The effect of HI on the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) was determined since kidney has high energy requirements. At 24 h after HI, kidney PDH/β-actin ratios were significantly lower in HI pups, 0.98 ± 0.05 (mean ± SEM, p < 0.05), compared to sham controls 1.16 ± 0.06, and HI + ALCAR pups 1.24 ± 0.03, p < 0.01. Treatment of pups with ALCAR after HI prevented the decrease in renal OCTN2 and PDH levels at 24 h after injury. Protection of PDH and OCTN2 after HI would improve energy metabolism in kidney, maintain tissue carnitine levels and overall carnitine homeostasis which is essential for neonatal health.
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36
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Miranda-Vizuete A, Tinkov AA, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Sex-Specific Differences in Redox Homeostasis in Brain Norm and Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:312-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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37
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Rosenkrantz TS, Hussain Z, Fitch RH. Sex Differences in Brain Injury and Repair in Newborn Infants: Clinical Evidence and Biological Mechanisms. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:211. [PMID: 31294000 PMCID: PMC6606734 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in the development of the male and female brain are an evolving area of investigation. We are beginning to understand the underpinnings of male and female advantages due to differences in brain development as well as the consequences following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the newborn. The two main factors that appear to affect outcomes are gestation age at the time of injury and sex of the subject. This review starts with a summary of differences in the anatomy and physiology of the developing male and female brain. This is followed by a review of the major factors responsible for the observed differences in the face of normal development and hypoxic injury. The last section reviews the response of male and female subjects to various neuroprotective strategies that are currently being used and where there is a need for additional information for more precise therapy based on the sex of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted S Rosenkrantz
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Zeenat Hussain
- Department of Volunteer Services, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, United States.,Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roslyn Holly Fitch
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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The activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors protects neonatal rat brains from oxidative stress injury after hypoxia-ischemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200933. [PMID: 30044838 PMCID: PMC6059468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth asphyxia resulting in brain hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) can cause neonatal death or lead to persistent brain damage. Recent investigations have shown that group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3) activation can provide neuroprotection against H-I but the mechanism of this effect is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mGluR2/3 agonists applied a short time after H-I reduce brain damage in an experimental model of birth asphyxia, and whether a decrease in oxidative stress plays a role in neuroprotection. Neonatal H-I in 7-day-old rats was used as an experimental model of birth asphyxia. Rats were injected intra peritoneally with mGluR2 (LY 379268) or mGluR3 (NAAG) agonists 1 h or 6 h after H-I (5 mg/kg). The weight deficit of the ischemic brain hemisphere, radical oxygen species (ROS) content levels, antioxidant enzymes activity and the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured. Both agonists reduced weight loss in the ischemic hemisphere and mitigated neuronal degeneration in the CA1 hippocampal region and cerebral cortex. Both agonists reduced the elevated levels of ROS in the ipsilateral hemisphere observed after H-I and prevented an increase in antioxidant enzymes activity in the injured hemisphere restoring them to control levels. A decrease in GSH level was also restored after agonists application. The results show that the activation of mGluR2 and mGluR3 a short time after H-I triggers neuroprotective mechanisms that act through the inhibition of oxidative stress and ROS production. The prevention of ROS production by the inhibition of glutamate release and decrease in its extracellular concentration is likely the main mechanism involved in the observed neuroprotection.
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39
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Giatti S, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE, Melcangi RC. Neuroactive steroids, neurosteroidogenesis and sex. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 176:1-17. [PMID: 29981391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is a target and a source of steroids. Neuroactive steroids are steroids that target neurons and glial cells. They include hormonal steroids originated in the peripheral glands, steroids locally synthesized by the neurons and glial cells (neurosteroids) and synthetic steroids, some of them used in clinical practice. Here we review the mechanisms of synthesis, metabolism and action of neuroactive steroids, including the role of epigenetic modifications and the mitochondria in their sex specific actions. We examine sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels under physiological conditions and their role in the establishment of sex dimorphic structures in the nervous system and sex differences in its function. In addition, particular attention is paid to neuroactive steroids under pathological conditions, analyzing how pathology alters their levels and their role as neuroprotective factors, considering the influence of sex in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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40
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Effect of hypobaria and hyperoxia during sepsis on survival and energy metabolism. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 85:S68-S76. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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41
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Jaber SM, Bordt EA, Bhatt NM, Lewis DM, Gerecht S, Fiskum G, Polster BM. Sex differences in the mitochondrial bioenergetics of astrocytes but not microglia at a physiologically relevant brain oxygen tension. Neurochem Int 2018; 117:82-90. [PMID: 28888963 PMCID: PMC5839942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biological sex is thought to influence mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Previous respiration measurements examining brain mitochondrial sex differences were made at atmospheric oxygen using isolated brain mitochondria. Oxygen is 160 mm Hg (21%) in the atmosphere, while the oxygen tension in the brain generally ranges from ∼5 to 45 mm Hg (∼1-6% O2). This study tested the hypothesis that sex and/or brain physiological oxygen tension influence the mitochondrial bioenergetic properties of primary rat cortical astrocytes and microglia. Oxygen consumption was measured with a Seahorse XF24 cell respirometer in an oxygen-controlled environmental chamber. Strikingly, male astrocytes had a higher maximal respiration than female astrocytes when cultured and assayed at 3% O2. Three percent O2 yielded a low physiological dissolved O2 level of ∼1.2% (9.1 mm Hg) at the cell monolayer during culture and 1.2-3.0% O2 during assays. No differences in bioenergetic parameters were observed between male and female astrocytes at 21% O2 (dissolved O2 of ∼19.7%, 150 mm Hg during culture) or between either of these cell populations and female astrocytes at 3% O2. In contrast to astrocytes, microglia showed no sex differences in mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters at either oxygen level, regardless of whether they were non-stimulated or activated to a proinflammatory state. There were also no O2- or sex-dependent differences in proinflammatory TNF-α or IL-1β cytokine secretion measured at 18 h activation. Overall, results reveal an intriguing sex variance in astrocytic maximal respiration that requires additional investigation. Findings also demonstrate that sex differences can be masked by conducting experiments at non-physiological O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan M Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology, and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Evan A Bordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Niraj M Bhatt
- Department of Anesthesiology, and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Daniel M Lewis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Shaffer Hall 200C, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sharon Gerecht
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Shaffer Hall 200C, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Shaffer Hall 200C, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Gary Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore ST., MSTF 5-34, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Fang C, Xie L, Liu C, Fu C, Ye W, Liu H, Zhang B. Tanshinone IIA improves hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy through TLR‑4‑mediated NF‑κB signal pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1899-1908. [PMID: 29956801 PMCID: PMC6072156 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most common brain injury following hypoxia and/or ischemia caused by various factors during the perinatal period, resulting in detrimental neurological deficits in the nervous system. Tanshinone IIA (Tan‑IIA) is a potential agent for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, the efficacy of Tan‑IIA was investigated in a newborn mouse model of HIE. The dynamic mechanism of Tan‑IIA was also investigated in the central nervous system of neonate mice. Intravenous injection of Tan‑IIA (5 mg/kg) was administered and changes in oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis‑associated proteins in neurons. Histology and immunohistochemistry was used to determine infarct volume and the number of damaged neurons by Fluoro‑Jade C staining. The effects of Tan‑IIA on mice with HIE were evaluated by body weight, brain water content, neurobehavioral tests and blood‑brain barrier permeability. The results demonstrated that the apoptosis rate was decreased following Tan‑IIA administration. Expression levels of pro‑apoptotic proteins, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 and P53 were downregulated. Expression of Bcl‑2 anti‑apoptotic proteins was upregulated by Tan‑IIA treatment in neuro. Results also found that Tan‑IIA treatment decreased production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‑1, tumor necrosis factor‑α, C‑X‑C motif chemokine 10, and chemokine (C‑C motif) ligand 12. Oxidative stress was also reduced by Tan‑IIA in neurons, as determined by the expression levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase, and the production of reactive oxygen species. The results demonstrated that Tan‑IIA treatment reduced the infarct volume and the number of damaged neurons. Furthermore, body weight, brain water content and blood‑brain barrier permeability were markedly improved by Tan‑IIA treatment of newborn mice following HIE. Furthermore, the results indicated that Tan‑IIA decreased Toll‑like receptor‑4 (TLR‑4) and nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) expression in neurons. TLR‑4 treatment of neuronal cell in vitro addition stimulated NF‑κB activity, and further enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress levels in neurons. In conclusion, these results suggest that Tan‑IIA treatment is beneficial for improvement of HIE through TLR‑4‑mediated NF‑κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Fang
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Chunhua Fu
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Binghong Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Sukhanova IA, Sebentsova EA, Khukhareva DD, Manchenko DM, Glazova NY, Vishnyakova PA, Inozemtseva LS, Dolotov OV, Vysokikh MY, Levitskaya NG. Gender-dependent changes in physical development, BDNF content and GSH redox system in a model of acute neonatal hypoxia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 350:87-98. [PMID: 29753727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia is one of the leading factors that negatively influence the development of the central nervous system. Our aim was to investigate the effects of sex on the outcomes of acute neonatal hypoxia (ANH) in rat pups. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed to a hypoxic condition (8% oxygen for 120 min) at postnatal day 2 (P2). Immediately after ANH an increase in HIF1-α gene expression was observed in the rat brains, independently of sex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glutathione peroxidase-4 gene expression was increased in female animals only. Hypoxic pups of both sexes showed a decreased reduced/oxidised glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio in the blood and only males had an increased GSH content in the whole brain immediately after hypoxia. Furthermore, an increased BDNF content in the brain was found in both male and female rat pups at 0 h and in serum 4 h after hypoxia, but at 4 h after hypoxia only males had an increased BDNF level in the brain. Only hypoxic males displayed retarded performance in the righting reflex, but in a negative geotaxis test hypoxic pups of both sexes had an increased turnaround time. Moreover, hypoxic female but not male pups demonstrated less weight gain than control littermates for the entire observation period (until P18). These results demonstrate that ANH at P2 leads to both molecular and physiological impairments in a sex-specific manner and the described model could be used to represent mild hypoxic brain damage in very preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iu A Sukhanova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia; Federal State Budget Institution 'Research Centre for Obstetrics Gynaecology and Perinatology' Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Sebentsova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Khukhareva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia
| | - D M Manchenko
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Yu Glazova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Vishnyakova
- Federal State Budget Institution 'Research Centre for Obstetrics Gynaecology and Perinatology' Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - L S Inozemtseva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Dolotov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Y Vysokikh
- Federal State Budget Institution 'Research Centre for Obstetrics Gynaecology and Perinatology' Ministry of Healthcare and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N G Levitskaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
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Disdier C, Zhang J, Fukunaga Y, Lim YP, Qiu J, Santoso A, Stonestreet BS. Alterations in inter-alpha inhibitor protein expression after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 65:54-60. [PMID: 29079121 PMCID: PMC5837925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is frequently associated with premature and/or full-term birth-related complications that reflect widespread damage to cerebral cortical structures. Inflammation has been implicated in the long-term evolution and severity of HI brain injury. Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) are immune modulator proteins that are reduced in systemic neonatal inflammatory states. We have shown that endogenous IAIPs are present in neurons, astrocytes and microglia and that exogenous treatment with human plasma purified IAIPs decreases neuronal injury and improves behavioral outcomes in neonatal rats with HI brain injury. In addition, we have shown that endogenous IAIPs are reduced in the brain of the ovine fetus shortly after ischemic injury. However, the effect of HI on changes in circulating and endogenous brain IAIPs has not been examined in neonatal rats. In the current study, we examined changes in endogenous IAIPs in the systemic circulation and brain of neonatal rats after exposure to HI brain injury. Postnatal day 7 rats were exposed to right carotid artery ligation and 8% oxygen for 2h. Sera were obtained immediately, 3, 12, 24, and 48h and brains 3 and 24h after HI. IAIPs levels were determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera and by Western immunoblots in cerebral cortices. Serum IAIPs were decreased 3h after HI and remained lower than in non-ischemic rats up to 7days after HI. IAIP expression increased in the ipsilateral cerebral cortices 24h after HI brain injury and in the hypoxic contralateral cortices. However, 3h after hypoxia alone the 250kDa IAIP moiety was reduced in the contralateral cortices. We speculate that changes in endogenous IAIPs levels in blood and brain represent constituents of endogenous anti-inflammatory neuroprotective mechanism(s) after HI in neonatal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Disdier
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
| | - Yuki Fukunaga
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Joseph Qiu
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
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45
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Driscoll DJO', Felice VD, Kenny LC, Boylan GB, O'Keeffe GW. Mild prenatal hypoxia-ischemia leads to social deficits and central and peripheral inflammation in exposed offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:418-427. [PMID: 29355822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) resulting from intrauterine or perinatal hypoxic-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of long-term neonatal neurodisability. While most studies of long-term outcome have focused on moderate and severe HIE in term infants, recent work has shown that those with mild HIE may have subtle neurological impairments. However, the impact of mild HI on pre-term infants is much less clear given that pre-term birth is itself a risk factor for neurodisability. Here we show that mild HI insult alters behaviour, inflammation and the corticosterone stress response in a rat model of pre-term HIE. Mild HI exposure led to social deficits in exposed offspring at postnatal day 30, without impairments in the novel object recognition test nor in the open field test. This was also accompanied by elevations in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone indicating an exaggerated stress response. There were also elevations in il-1β and il-6 but not tnf-α mRNA and protein in the brain and blood samples. In summary we find that a mild HI exposure leads to social deficits, central and peripheral inflammation, and an abnormal corticosterone response which are three core features of autism spectrum disorder. This shows that mild HI exposure may be a risk factor for an abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome in pre-term offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J O ' Driscoll
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Valeria D Felice
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C Kenny
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork (UCC), Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine B Boylan
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Cork Neuroscience Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
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46
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Lorente-Pozo S, Parra-Llorca A, Torres B, Torres-Cuevas I, Nuñez-Ramiro A, Cernada M, García-Robles A, Vento M. Influence of Sex on Gestational Complications, Fetal-to-Neonatal Transition, and Postnatal Adaptation. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:63. [PMID: 29740570 PMCID: PMC5924769 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal sex is associated with striking differences during in utero development, fetal-to-neonatal transition, and postnatal morbidity and mortality. Male sex fetuses are apparently protected while in utero resulting in a higher secondary sex rate for males than for females. However, during fetal-to-neonatal transition and thereafter in the newborn period, female exhibits a greater degree of maturation that translates into a better capacity to stabilize, less incidence of prematurity and prematurity-associated morbidities, and better long-term outcomes. The present review addresses the influence of sex during gestation and postnatal adaptation that includes the establishment of an adult-type circulation, the initiation of breathing, endurance when confronted with perinatal hypoxia ischemia, and a gender-related different response to drugs. The intrinsic mechanisms explaining these differences in the perinatal period remain elusive and further experimental and clinical research are therefore stringently needed if an individual oriented therapy is to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Parra-Llorca
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Torres
- Neonatal Research Group, Division of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Nuñez-Ramiro
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cernada
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Robles
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Division of Neonatology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Charriaut-Marlangue C, Besson VC, Baud O. Sexually Dimorphic Outcomes after Neonatal Stroke and Hypoxia-Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010061. [PMID: 29278365 PMCID: PMC5796011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohort studies have demonstrated a higher vulnerability in males towards ischemic and/or hypoxic-ischemic injury in infants born near- or full-term. Male sex was also associated with limited brain repair following neonatal stroke and hypoxia-ischemia, leading to increased incidence of long-term cognitive deficits compared to females with similar brain injury. As a result, the design of pre-clinical experiments considering sex as an important variable was supported and investigated because neuroprotective strategies to reduce brain injury demonstrated sexual dimorphism. While the mechanisms underlining these differences between boys and girls remain unclear, several biological processes are recognized to play a key role in long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes: gonadal hormones across developmental stages, vulnerability to oxidative stress, modulation of cell death, and regulation of microglial activation. This review summarizes the current evidence for sex differences in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic and/or ischemic brain injury, considering the major pathways known to be involved in cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with damages of the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Charriaut-Marlangue
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | - Valérie C Besson
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
- EA4475-Pharmacologie de la Circulation Cérébrale, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivier Baud
- U1141 PROTECT, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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48
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Hu W, Chao Y, Geng X. Neuroprotective strategies for patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in the ICU. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:427-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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49
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Calcium uptake and cytochrome c release from normal and ischemic brain mitochondria. Neurochem Int 2017; 117:15-22. [PMID: 29042253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
At abnormally elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake may compromise mitochondrial electron transport activities and trigger membrane permeability changes that allow for release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial apoptotic proteins into the cytosol. In this study, a clinically relevant canine cardiac arrest model was used to assess the effects of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion on mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake capacity, Ca2+ uptake-mediated inhibition of respiration, and Ca2+-induced cytochrome c release, as measured in vitro in a K+-based medium in the presence of Mg2+, ATP, and NADH-linked oxidizable substrates. Maximum Ca2+ uptake by frontal cortex mitochondria was significantly lower following 10 min cardiac arrest compared to non-ischemic controls. Mitochondria from ischemic brains were also more sensitive to the respiratory inhibition associated with accumulation of large levels of Ca2+. Cytochrome c was released from brain mitochondria in vitro in a Ca2+-dose-dependent manner and was more pronounced following both 10 min of ischemia alone and following 24 h reperfusion, in comparison to mitochondria from non-ischemic Shams. These effects of ischemia and reperfusion on brain mitochondria could compromise intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, decrease aerobic and increase anaerobic cerebral energy metabolism, and potentiate the cytochrome c-dependent induction of apoptosis, when re-oxygenated mitochondria are exposed to abnormally high levels of intracellular Ca2+.
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50
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Sex differences in ischaemic stroke: potential cellular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:533-552. [PMID: 28302915 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. More women than men have strokes each year, in part because women live longer. Women have poorer functional outcomes, are more likely to need nursing home care and have higher rates of recurrent stroke compared with men. Despite continued advancements in primary prevention, innovative acute therapies and ongoing developments in neurorehabilitation, stroke incidence and mortality continue to increase due to the aging of the U.S. POPULATION Sex chromosomes (XX compared with XY), sex hormones (oestrogen and androgen), epigenetic regulation and environmental factors all contribute to sex differences. Ischaemic sensitivity varies over the lifespan, with females having an "ischaemia resistant" phenotype that wanes after menopause, which has recently been modelled in the laboratory. Pharmacological therapies for acute ischaemic stroke are limited. The only pharmacological treatment for stroke approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which must be used within hours of stroke onset and has a number of contraindications. Pre-clinical studies have identified a number of potentially efficacious neuroprotective agents; however, nothing has been effectively translated into therapy in clinical practice. This may be due, in part, to the overwhelming use of young male rodents in pre-clinical research, as well as lack of sex-specific design and analysis in clinical trials. The review will summarize the current clinical evidence for sex differences in ischaemic stroke, and will discuss sex differences in the cellular mechanisms of acute ischaemic injury, highlighting cell death and immune/inflammatory pathways that may contribute to these clinical differences.
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