1
|
Cesaro A, De Michele G, Fimiani F, Acerbo V, Scherillo G, Signore G, Rotolo FP, Scialla F, Raucci G, Panico D, Gragnano F, Moscarella E, Scudiero O, Mennitti C, Calabrò P. Visceral adipose tissue and residual cardiovascular risk: a pathological link and new therapeutic options. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1187735. [PMID: 37576108 PMCID: PMC10421666 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1187735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogeneous disease that affects almost one-third of the global population. A clear association has been established between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, CVD risk is known to be related more to the local distribution of fat than to total body fat. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in particular has a high impact on CVD risk. This manuscript reviews the role of VAT in residual CV risk and the available therapeutic strategies for decreasing residual CV risk related to VAT accumulation. Among the many pathways involved in residual CV risk, obesity and particularly VAT accumulation play a major role by generating low-grade systemic inflammation, which in turn has a high prognostic impact on all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction. In recent years, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to reduce body weight. Orlistat was shown to reduce both weight and VAT but has low tolerability and many drug-drug interactions. Naltrexone-bupropion combination lowers body weight but has frequent side effects and is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Liraglutide and semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists, are the latest drugs approved for the treatment of obesity, and both have been shown to induce significant body weight loss. Liraglutide, semaglutide and other GLP-1 agonists also showed a positive effect on CV outcomes in diabetic patients. In addition, liraglutide showed to specifically reduce VAT and inflammatory biomarkers in obese patients without diabetes. GLP-1 agonists are promising compounds to limit inflammation in human visceral adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianantonio De Michele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Unit of Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, A.O.R.N. Dei Colli “V. Monaldi”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Acerbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Scherillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Signore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Rotolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Scialla
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Raucci
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Domenico Panico
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore S. C. a R. L., Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou H, Niu B, Wu X, Chu W, Zhou Y, Chen Z, Mi Y, Liu Y, Li P. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of the effect of ACT001 on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11336. [PMID: 37443174 PMCID: PMC10345009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ACT001 is a novel sesquiterpene lactone derivative that has been shown to have significant antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of ACT001 on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet induced NASH model in C57BL/6J mice. Steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis-related indices of serum and liver tissues were detected by fully automated biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that ACT001 reduced serum lipid and inflammatory factor levels, attenuated hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and inhibited hepatic oxidative stress and activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles in NASH mice. In addition, 381 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), including 162 up-regulated and 219 down-regulated proteins, were identified in the MCD group and ACT001 high-dose group using isotope labeling relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique analysis. Among these DEPs, five proteins associated with NAFLD were selected for real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and the results were consistent with proteomics. In conclusion, ACT001 has a therapeutic effect on NASH, and the results of proteomic analysis will provide new ideas for the mechanism study of ACT001 for NASH treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Niu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weike Chu
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yibing Zhou
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuqiang Mi
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- Clinical School of the Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute of Liver Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong Z, Shi R, Li P, Song X, Dong F, Zhu J, Wu R, Liang Z, Du M, Wang J, Yang Z. Does postcholecystectomy increase the risk of colorectal cancer? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1194419. [PMID: 37426004 PMCID: PMC10324655 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1194419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of cholecystectomy and the high proportion of colorectal cancer in malignant tumors, the question of whether cholecystectomy is a risk factor for colorectal disease has been widely concerned. After reviewing the literature at home and abroad, the authors will summarize the research progress of the correlation between the occurrence of colorectal tumors after cholecystectomy, in order to provide help for the prevention and treatment of colorectal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruixian Shi
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Pengda Li
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaobiao Song
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Riga Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Mingyue Du
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Department of Urology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su Y, Ye L, Hu C, Zhang Y, Liu J, Shao L. Periodontitis as a promoting factor of T2D: current evidence and mechanisms. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:25. [PMID: 37321994 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by an imbalance between the local microbiota and host immune response. Epidemiologically, periodontitis is closely related to the occurrence, development, and poor prognosis of T2D and is recognized as a potential risk factor for T2D. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of the virulence factors produced by disorders of the subgingival microbiota in the pathological mechanism of T2D, including islet β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). However, the related mechanisms have not been well summarized. This review highlights periodontitis-derived virulence factors, reviews how these stimuli directly or indirectly regulate islet β-cell dysfunction. The mechanisms by which IR is induced in insulin-targeting tissues (the liver, visceral adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle) are explained, clarifying the influence of periodontitis on the occurrence and development of T2D. In addition, the positive effects of periodontal therapy on T2D are overviewed. Finally, the limitations and prospects of the current research are discussed. In summary, periodontitis is worthy of attention as a promoting factor of T2D. Understanding on the effect of disseminated periodontitis-derived virulence factors on the T2D-related tissues and cells may provide new treatment options for reducing the risk of T2D associated with periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Su
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leilei Ye
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chilakala R, Moon HJ, Kim K, Yang S, Cheong SH. Anti-obesity effects of Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel) oil treatment on high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:50-61. [PMID: 37583072 PMCID: PMC10440180 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current study, we investigated the effects of camellia oil and camellia oil infused with herbs (Camellia oleifera Abel) on obesity in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS The antioxidant activity of camellia oil in scavenging free radicals was investigated. Additionally, body and organ weight changes, serum and liver marker parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, liver and epididymal fat histology, protein and gene expression associated with lipogenesis and hyperglycemia effect on adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, were examined in HFD-induced obese mice. RESULTS The hepatic steatosis and epididymal fat were significantly reduced by the oral administration of camellia oil and herb-infused camellia oil. Moreover, hepatic and serum marker parameters such as total cholesterol, insulin, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase were beneficially impacted. Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes also increased. Camellia oil and herb-infused camellia oil treatments reduced the expression of genes linked to hyperglycemia and lipogenesis via activation of AMPK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION For many people, exercise poses an obstacle in the daily routine due to lack of ease, difficulty in maintaining consistency, and hard work. Camellia oil combined with herbs has anti-obesity and antihyperglycemic effects. These findings indicate that treatment with herb-infused camellia oil is most beneficial for elderly individuals who do not prefer frequent exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Chilakala
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Moon
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Sun Hee Cheong
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garg R, Agarwal A, Katekar R, Dadge S, Yadav S, Gayen JR. Chromogranin A-derived peptides pancreastatin and catestatin: emerging therapeutic target for diabetes. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x. [PMID: 36914766 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranin A (ChgA) is an acidic pro-protein found in neuroendocrine organs, pheochromocytoma chromaffin granules, and tumor cells. Proteolytic processing of ChgA gives rise to an array of biologically active peptides such as pancreastatin (PST), vasostatin, WE14, catestatin (CST), and serpinin, which have diverse roles in regulating cardiovascular functions and metabolism, as well as inflammation. Intricate tissue-specific role of ChgA-derived peptide activity in preclinical rodent models of metabolic syndrome reveals complex effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Indeed, ChgA-derived peptides, PST and CST, play a pivotal role in metabolic syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, supplementation of specific peptide in ChgA-KO mice have an opposing effect on physiological functions, such as PST supplementation reduces insulin sensitivity and enhances inflammatory response. In contrast, CST supplementation enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on the tissue-specific role of PST and CST as therapeutic targets in regulating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, along with the associated risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Arun Agarwal
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shailesh Dadge
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shubhi Yadav
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lo CW, Yen CC, Chen CY, Chen HW, Lii CK. Benzyl isothiocyanate attenuates activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells and improves diet-induced steatohepatitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 462:116424. [PMID: 36775252 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous inflammation-related diseases. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) is rich in cruciferous vegetables and possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-obesogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the protection by BITC against steatohepatitis and insulin resistance. A mouse model of high-fat/cholesterol/cholic acid diet (HFCCD)-induced steatohepatitis, LPS/nigericin-stimulated primary Kupffer cells, and IL-1β treated primary hepatocytes were used. BITC attenuated LPS/nigericin-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by enhancing protein kinase A-dependent NLRP3 ubiquitination, which increased the degradation of NLRP3 and reduced IL-1β secretion in Kupffer cells. In hepatocytes, BITC pretreatment reversed the IL-1β-induced decrease in the phosphorylation of IR, AKT, and GSK3β in response to insulin. After 12 weeks of HFCCD feeding, increases in blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose levels were ameliorated by BITC. Hepatic IL-1β production, macrophage infiltration, and collagen expression induced by HFCCD were also mitigated by BITC. BITC suppresses activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells by enhancing the PKA-dependent ubiquitination of NLRP3, which leads to suppression of IL-1β production and subsequently ameliorates hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Lo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-You Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Z, Tian R, Zhang XJ, Cai J, She ZG, Li H. Effects of treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1120085. [PMID: 36712249 PMCID: PMC9877359 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1120085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have become the most common chronic liver disease and the main form of heart failure (HF), respectively. NAFLD is closely associated with HFpEF by sharing common risk factors and/or by boosting systemic inflammation, releasing other secretory factors, and having an expansion of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Therefore, the treatments of NAFLD may also affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF. However, no specific drugs for NAFLD have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and some non-specific treatments for NAFLD are applied in the clinic. Currently, the treatments of NAFLD can be divided into non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments mainly include dietary intervention, weight loss by exercise, caloric restriction, and bariatric surgery. Pharmacological treatments mainly include administering statins, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and metformin. This review will mainly focus on analyzing how these treatments may affect the development and prognosis of HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Gang She,
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Institute of Model Animal, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China,Hongliang Li,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li H, Meng Y, He S, Tan X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Zheng W. Macrophages, Chronic Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193001. [PMID: 36230963 PMCID: PMC9562180 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels, which is considered a major risk factor for several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic fatty liver, atherosclerosis, and ischemic cardiovascular disease. Obesity-induced chronic, low-grade inflammation may lead to insulin resistance, and it is well-recognized that macrophages play a major role in such inflammation. In the current review, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophages, low-grade tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2D are described. Also, the role of macrophages in obesity-induced insulin resistance is presented, and therapeutic drugs and recent advances targeting macrophages for the treatment of T2D are introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuwang He
- Shandong DYNE Marine Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264300, China
| | - Xiaochuan Tan
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
| | - Wensheng Zheng
- Beijing City Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-010-63165233 (W.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghoreishi E, Shahrokhi SZ, Kazerouni F, Rahimipour A. Circulating miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p can be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: integrating experimental and in-silico approaches. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:207. [PMID: 35978298 PMCID: PMC9386953 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In view of the growing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), detection of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in the early stages is necessary to reduce the risk of developing diabetes, prevent the progression of the disease, and dysfunction of different organs. Since miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of numerous pathogenic processes, including diabetes, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p in prediabetic and T2D patients and to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these miRNAs. METHODS We evaluated the expression of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p in the plasma of three groups: 20 prediabetic patients, 20 T2D patients, and 20 healthy controls. The biochemical parameters were determined by the auto-analyzer. The possible target genes of these miRNAs were identified using an in-silico approach. RESULTS Our results showed that, as compared to the healthy controls, there was a significant up regulation and down regulation in the expression of miR-148b-3p and miR-27a-3p in the T2D patients, respectively. The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis also suggested that miR-148b-3p acted successfully in discriminating the prediabetic and diabetic patients from the control group. According to in-silico analysis, miRs influence biological pathways involved in T2DM development, such as insulin signaling. CONCLUSIONS The miR148b-3p and miR-27a-3p expression levels were deregulated in diabetes and pre-diabetes. Furthermore, miR-148b-3p showed significant ability in discriminating between diabetic and healthy individuals, suggesting a potential diagnostic use of miR-148b-3p in the detection of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Ghoreishi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Shahrokhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faranak Kazerouni
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Rahimipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Patel SJ, Liu N, Piaker S, Gulko A, Andrade ML, Heyward FD, Sermersheim T, Edinger N, Srinivasan H, Emont MP, Westcott GP, Luther J, Chung RT, Yan S, Kumari M, Thomas R, Deleye Y, Tchernof A, White PJ, Baselli GA, Meroni M, De Jesus DF, Ahmad R, Kulkarni RN, Valenti L, Tsai L, Rosen ED. Hepatic IRF3 fuels dysglycemia in obesity through direct regulation of Ppp2r1b. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabh3831. [PMID: 35320000 PMCID: PMC9162056 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abh3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has profound but poorly understood effects on metabolism, especially in the context of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we report that hepatic interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a direct transcriptional regulator of glucose homeostasis through induction of Ppp2r1b, a component of serine/threonine phosphatase PP2A, and subsequent suppression of glucose production. Global ablation of IRF3 in mice on a high-fat diet protected against both steatosis and dysglycemia, whereas hepatocyte-specific loss of IRF3 affects only dysglycemia. Integration of the IRF3-dependent transcriptome and cistrome in mouse hepatocytes identifies Ppp2r1b as a direct IRF3 target responsible for mediating its metabolic actions on glucose homeostasis. IRF3-mediated induction of Ppp2r1b amplified PP2A activity, with subsequent dephosphorylation of AMPKα and AKT. Furthermore, suppression of hepatic Irf3 expression with antisense oligonucleotides reversed obesity-induced insulin resistance and restored glucose homeostasis in obese mice. Obese humans with NAFLD displayed enhanced activation of liver IRF3, with reversion after bariatric surgery. Hepatic PPP2R1B expression correlated with HgbA1C and was elevated in obese humans with impaired fasting glucose. We therefore identify the hepatic IRF3-PPP2R1B axis as a causal link between obesity-induced inflammation and dysglycemia and suggest an approach for limiting the metabolic dysfunction accompanying obesity-associated NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suraj J. Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nan Liu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Sam Piaker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Anton Gulko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maynara L. Andrade
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frankie D. Heyward
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Sermersheim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nufar Edinger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Margo P. Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory P. Westcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shuai Yan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reeby Thomas
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Yann Deleye
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie and Pneumologie de Québec–Université Laval (IUCPQUL), Québec City, Canada
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guido A. Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Precision Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Linus Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Köhler N, Höring M, Czepukojc B, Rose TD, Buechler C, Kröhler T, Haybaeck J, Liebisch G, Pauling JK, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Kupffer cells are protective in alcoholic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Zhao H, Lu J, He F, Wang M, Yan Y, Chen B, Xie D, Xu C, Wang Q, Liu W, Yu W, Xi Y, Yu L, Yamamoto T, Koyama H, Wang W, Zhang C, Cheng J. Hyperuricemia contributes to glucose intolerance of hepatic inflammatory macrophages and impairs the insulin signaling pathway via IRS2-proteasome degradation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931087. [PMID: 36177037 PMCID: PMC9513153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Numerous reports have demonstrated the key importance of macrophage-elicited metabolic inflammation in insulin resistance (IR). Our previous studies confirmed that hyperuricemia or high uric acid (HUA) treatment induced an IR state in several peripheral tissues to promote the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the effect of HUA on glucose uptake and the insulin sensitivity of macrophages and its mechanism is unclear. METHODS To assess systemic IR, we generated hyperuricemic mice by urate oxidase knockout (UOX-KO). Then, glucose/insulin tolerance, the tissue uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, body composition, and energy balance were assessed. Glucose uptake of circulating infiltrated macrophages in the liver was evaluated by glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT-4) staining. Insulin sensitivity and the insulin signaling pathway of macrophages were demonstrated using the 2-NBDG kit, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assays. The immunoprecipitation assay and LC-MS analysis were used to determine insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) levels and its interacting protein enrichment under HUA conditions. RESULTS Compared to WT mice (10 weeks old), serum uric acid levels were higher in UOX-KO mice (WT, 182.3 ± 5.091 μM versus KO, 421.9 ± 45.47 μM). Hyperuricemic mice with metabolic disorders and systemic IR showed inflammatory macrophage recruitment and increased levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. HUA inhibited the nuclear translocation of GLUT-4 in hepatic macrophages, restrained insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose tolerance, and blocked insulin IRS2/PI3K/AKT signaling. Meanwhile, HUA mediated the IRS2 protein degradation pathway and activated AMPK/mTOR in macrophages. LC-MS analysis showed that ubiquitination degradation could be involved in IRS2 and its interacting proteins to contribute to IR under HUA conditions. CONCLUSION The data suggest that HUA-induced glucose intolerance in hepatic macrophages contributed to insulin resistance and impaired the insulin signaling pathway via IRS2-proteasome degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D), College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Jiaming Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D), College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yunbo Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Binyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linqian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Koyama
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D), College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, China
- *Correspondence: Chenggui Zhang, ; Jidong Cheng,
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Clinical Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chenggui Zhang, ; Jidong Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Malherbe DC, Messaoudi I. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulation of Monocyte and Macrophage Dysfunction by Chronic Alcohol Consumption. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911951. [PMID: 35844518 PMCID: PMC9277054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drinking alcohol, even in moderation, can affect the immune system. Studies have shown disproportionate effects of alcohol on circulating and tissue-resident myeloid cells (granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells). These cells orchestrate the body's first line of defense against microbial challenges as well as maintain tissue homeostasis and repair. Alcohol's effects on these cells are dependent on exposure pattern, with acute drinking dampening but chronic drinking enhancing production of inflammatory mediators. Although chronic drinking is associated with heightened systemic inflammation, studies on tissue resident macrophage populations in several organs including the spleen, liver, brain, and lung have also shown compromised functional and metabolic capacities of these cells. Many of these effects are thought to be mediated by oxidative stress caused by alcohol and its metabolites which can directly impact the cellular epigenetic landscapes. In addition, since myeloid cells are relatively short-lived in circulation and are under constant repopulation from the bone marrow compartment, alcohol's effects on bone marrow progenitors and hematopoiesis are important for understanding the impact of alcohol systemically on these myeloid populations. Alcohol-induced disruption of progenitor, circulating, and tissue resident myeloid populations contribute to the increased susceptibility of patients with alcohol use disorders to viral and bacterial infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the impact of chronic alcohol consumption on the function of monocytes and macrophages in host defense, tissue repair and inflammation. We then summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced disruption and examine changes in transcriptome and epigenome of monocytes and mcrophages. Overall, chronic alcohol consumption leads to hyper-inflammation concomitant with decreased microbial and wound healing responses by monocytes/macrophages due to a rewiring of the epigentic and transcriptional landscape. However, in advanced alcoholic liver disease, myeloid cells become immunosuppressed as a response to the surrounding hyper-inflammatory milieu. Therefore, the effect of chronic alcohol on the inflammatory response depends on disease state and the immune cell population.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagashimada M, Honda M. Effect of Microbiome on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Biogenics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158008. [PMID: 34360773 PMCID: PMC8348401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, steatohepatitis, and liver fibrosis. Liver-resident (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages contribute to low-grade chronic inflammation in various tissues by modulating macrophage polarization, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. Abnormalities in the intestinal environment, such as the gut microbiota, metabolites, and immune system, are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD. Hepatic macrophage activation is induced by the permeation of antigens, endotoxins, and other proinflammatory substances into the bloodstream as a result of increased intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the gut–liver axis in influencing macrophage activity, which is central to the pathogenesis of NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Not only probiotics but also biogenics (heat-killed lactic acid bacteria) are effective in ameliorating the progression of NASH. Here we review the effect of hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells, other immune cells, intestinal permeability, and immunity on NAFLD and NASH and the impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and biogenesis on those diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen C, Zhang QW, Ye Y, Lin LG. Honokiol: A naturally occurring lignan with pleiotropic bioactivities. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:481-490. [PMID: 34247771 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is the dominant biphenolic compound isolated from the Magnolia tree, and has long been considered as the active constituent of the traditional Chinese herb, 'Houpo', which is widely used to treat symptoms due to 'stagnation of qi'. Pharmacological studies have shown that honokiol possesses a wide range of bioactivities without obvious toxicity. Honokiol protects the liver, kidneys, nervous system, and cardiovascular system through reducing oxidative stress and relieving inflammation. Moreover, honokiol shows anti-diabetic property through enhancing insulin sensitivity, and anti-obese property through promoting browning of adipocytes. In vivo and in vitro studies indicated that honokiol functions as an anti-cancer agent through multiple mechanisms: inhibiting angiogenesis, promoting cell apoptosis, and regulating cell cycle. A variety of therapeutic effects of honokiol may be associated with its physiochemical properties, which make honokiol readily cross the blood brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, with high bioavailability. In the future, more clinical researches on honokiol are needed to fully authenticate its therapeutic values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Ennis SL, Altomare D, Ji H, Hope MC, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha deletion does not protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21665. [PMID: 34131955 PMCID: PMC8716064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100543rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been suggested to be a key factor in the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. However, the role that macrophage-derived TNF-α has on regulating metabolic perturbations in obesity is not completely understood. Therefore, we utilized the TNF-αFlox/Flox(F/F) , LyzMcre± mouse model to determine the impact that macrophage TNF-α deletion has on the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. At 10 weeks of age, male littermates were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: TNF-αF/F low-fat diet (TNF-αF/F LFD), TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre LFD, TNF-αF/F HFD, or TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre HFD (n = 16-28/group) and were fed their respective diets for 18 weeks. Body weight was assessed throughout the course of the experiment. Body composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, and metabolic outcomes were also examined. A microarray gene expression experiment was performed from RNA isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed groups (n = 10/group) and results were verified via qRT-PCR for all groups. Macrophage-derived TNF-α deletion significantly reduced adipose tissue TNF-α gene expression and circulating TNF-α and downregulated genes linked to the toll-like receptor (TLR) and NFκB signaling pathways. However, macrophage TNF-α deletion had no effect on hindering the development of obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, or improving glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, macrophage-derived TNF-α is not a causative factor for the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Nursing College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A. Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shannon L. Ennis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marion C. Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tao L, Pang Y, Wang A, Li L, Shen Y, Xu X, Li J. Functional miR-142a-3p Induces Apoptosis and Macrophage Polarization by Targeting tnfaip2 and glut3 in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2021; 12:633324. [PMID: 34262558 PMCID: PMC8273434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of microbial invasion, the inflammation reaction is induced to eliminate the pathogen. However, un-controlled or un-resolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage and death of the host. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the signaling regulators that prevent the uncontrolled progress of an inflammatory response. Our previous work strongly indicated that miR-142a-3p is related to the immune regulation in grass carp. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-142a-3p was down-regulated after infection by Aeromonas hydrophila. tnfaip2 and glut3 were confirmed as be the target genes of miR-142a-3p, which were confirmed by expression correlation analysis, gene overexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assay. The miR-142a-3p can reduce cell viability and stimulate cell apoptosis by targeting tnfaip2 and glut3. In addition, miR-142a-3p also regulates macrophage polarization induced by A. hydrophila. Our results suggest that miR-142a-3p has multiple functions in host antibacterial immune response. Our research provides further understanding of the molecular mechanisms between miRNAs and their target genes, and provides a new insights for the development of pro-resolution strategies for the treatment of complex inflammatory diseases in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Fisheries of Chengdu Agriculture and Forestry Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade Do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Yubang Shen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Azzimato V, Jager J, Chen P, Morgantini C, Levi L, Barreby E, Sulen A, Oses C, Willerbrords J, Xu C, Li X, Shen JX, Akbar N, Haag L, Ellis E, Wålhen K, Näslund E, Thorell A, Choudhury RP, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Craige SM, Aouadi M. Liver macrophages inhibit the endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated insulin resistance. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/532/eaaw9709. [PMID: 32102936 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Because no approved medication nor an accurate and noninvasive diagnosis is currently available for NAFLD, there is a clear need to better understand the link between obesity and NAFLD. Lipid accumulation during obesity is known to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory activation of liver macrophages (LMs). However, we show that although LMs do not become proinflammatory during obesity, they display signs of oxidative stress. In livers of both humans and mice, antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) was down-regulated with obesity and insulin resistance, yielding an impaired response to lipid accumulation. At the molecular level, a microRNA-targeting NRF2 protein, miR-144, was elevated in the livers of obese insulin-resistant humans and mice, and specific silencing of miR-144 in murine and human LMs was sufficient to restore NRF2 protein expression and the antioxidant response. These results highlight the pathological role of LMs and their therapeutic potential to restore the impaired endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Ping Chen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Carolina Oses
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joost Willerbrords
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Haag
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Wålhen
- Unit of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 182 88 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 116 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Siobhan M Craige
- Human Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cicuéndez B, Ruiz-Garrido I, Mora A, Sabio G. Stress kinases in the development of liver steatosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101190. [PMID: 33588102 PMCID: PMC8324677 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important component of metabolic syndrome and one of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide. This disorder is closely linked to hepatic insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and inflammation. Although the mechanisms that cause steatosis and chronic liver injury in NAFLD remain unclear, a key component of this process is the activation of stress-activated kinases (SAPKs), including p38 and JNK in the liver and immune system. This review summarizes findings which indicate that the dysregulation of stress kinases plays a fundamental role in the development of steatosis and are important players in inducing liver fibrosis. To avoid the development of steatohepatitis and liver cancer, SAPK activity must be tightly regulated not only in the hepatocytes but also in other tissues, including cells of the immune system. Possible cellular mechanisms of SAPK actions are discussed. Hepatic JNK triggers steatosis and insulin resistance, decreasing lipid oxidation and ketogenesis in HFD-fed mice. Decreased liver expression of p38α/β in HFD increases lipogenesis. Hepatic p38γ/δ drive insulin resistance and inhibit autophagy, which may lead to steatosis. Macrophage p38α/β promote cytokine production and M1 polarization, leading to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Myeloid p38γ/δ contribute to cytokine production and neutrophil migration, protecting against steatosis, diabetes and NAFLD. JNK1 and p38γ induce HCC while p38α blocks it. However, deletion of hepatic JNK1/2 induces cholangiocarcinoma. SAPK are potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders, steatohepatitis and liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cicuéndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ruiz-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saeed NM, Mansour AM, Allam S. Lycopene induces insulin signaling and alleviates fibrosis in experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Covarrubias AJ, Kale A, Perrone R, Lopez-Dominguez JA, Pisco AO, Kasler HG, Schmidt MS, Heckenbach I, Kwok R, Wiley CD, Wong HS, Gibbs E, Iyer SS, Basisty N, Wu Q, Kim IJ, Silva E, Vitangcol K, Shin KO, Lee YM, Riley R, Ben-Sahra I, Ott M, Schilling B, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Ishihara K, Quake SR, Newman J, Brenner C, Campisi J, Verdin E. Senescent cells promote tissue NAD + decline during ageing via the activation of CD38 + macrophages. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1265-1283. [PMID: 33199924 PMCID: PMC7908681 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Declining tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels are linked to ageing and its associated diseases. However, the mechanism for this decline is unclear. Here, we show that pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages, but not naive or M2 macrophages, accumulate in metabolic tissues, including visceral white adipose tissue and liver, during ageing and acute responses to inflammation. These M1-like macrophages express high levels of the NAD-consuming enzyme CD38 and have enhanced CD38-dependent NADase activity, thereby reducing tissue NAD levels. We also find that senescent cells progressively accumulate in visceral white adipose tissue and liver during ageing and that inflammatory cytokines secreted by senescent cells (the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SASP) induce macrophages to proliferate and express CD38. These results uncover a new causal link among resident tissue macrophages, cellular senescence and tissue NAD decline during ageing and offer novel therapeutic opportunities to maintain NAD levels during ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Covarrubias
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abhijit Kale
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark S Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Indra Heckenbach
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryan Kwok
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Hoi-Shan Wong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Eddy Gibbs
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Qiuxia Wu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ik-Jung Kim
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Elena Silva
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | | | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katsuhiko Ishihara
- Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Newman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- UCSF Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Golbabapour S, Bagheri-Lankarani K, Ghavami S, Geramizadeh B. Autoimmune Hepatitis and Stellate Cells: An Insight into the Role of Autophagy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:6073-6095. [PMID: 30947648 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190402120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a necroinflammatory process of liver, featuring interface hepatitis
by T cells, macrophages and plasma cells that invade to periportal parenchyma. In this process, a
variety of cytokines are secreted and liver tissues undergo fibrogenesis, resulting in the apoptosis of
hepatocytes. Autophagy is a complementary mechanism for restraining intracellular pathogens to
which the innate immune system does not provide efficient endocytosis. Hepatocytes with their
particular regenerative features are normally in a quiescent state, and, autophagy controls the accumulation
of excess products, therefore the liver serves as a basic model for the study of autophagy.
Impairment of autophagy in the liver causes the accumulation of damaged organelles, misfolded
proteins and exceeded lipids in hepatocytes as seen in metabolic diseases. In this review, we introduce
autoimmune hepatitis in association with autophagy signaling. We also discuss some genes and
proteins of autophagy, their regulatory roles in the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the importance
of lipophagy and tyrosine kinase in hepatic fibrogenesis. In order to provide a comprehensive
overview of the regulatory role of autophagy in autoimmune hepatitis, the pathway analysis of autophagy
in autoimmune hepatitis is also included in this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Golbabapour
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2WB, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran Bagheri-Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Medical school of Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Portincasa P, Krawczyk M, Smyk W, Lammert F, Di Ciaula A. COVID-19 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Two intersecting pandemics. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13338. [PMID: 32589264 PMCID: PMC7361203 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial evidence from China suggests that most vulnerable subjects to COVID-19 infection suffer from pre-existing illness, including metabolic abnormalities. The pandemic characteristics and high-lethality rate of COVID-19 infection have raised concerns about interactions between virus pathobiology and components of the metabolic syndrome. METHODS We harmonized the information from the recent existing literature on COVID-19 acute pandemic and mechanisms of damage in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as an example of chronic (non-communicable) metabolic pandemic. RESULTS COVID-19-infected patients are more fragile with underlying metabolic illness, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic lung diseases (e.g. asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema) and metabolic syndrome. During metabolic abnormalities, expansion of metabolically active fat ('overfat condition') parallels chronic inflammatory changes, development of insulin resistance and accumulation of fat in configuring NAFLD. The deleterious interplay of inflammatory pathways chronically active in NAFLD and acutely in COVID-19-infected patients, can explain liver damage in a subgroup of patients and might condition a worse outcome in metabolically compromised NAFLD patients. In a subgroup of patients with NAFLD, the underlying liver fibrosis might represent an additional and independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness, irrespective of metabolic comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD can play a role in the outcome of COVID-19 illness due to frequent association with comorbidities. Initial evidences suggest that increased liver fibrosis in NAFLD might affect COVID-19 outcome. In addition, long-term monitoring of post-COVID-19 NAFLD patients is advisable, to document further deterioration of liver damage. Further studies are required in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica ‘A. Murri’Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’BariItaly
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine IISaarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver DiseasesDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Wiktor Smyk
- Liver and Internal Medicine UnitDepartment of General, Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Frank Lammert
- Department of Medicine IISaarland University Medical CenterSaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica ‘A. Murri’Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’BariItaly
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
TLR4/AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Intervention Attenuates Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Steatosis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2960517. [PMID: 33013197 PMCID: PMC7519185 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2960517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has been shown to be the common pathogenesis of many metabolic diseases. Metainflammation is one of the important characteristics of insulin resistance. Macrophage polarization mediates the production and development of metainflammation. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates macrophage activity and is probably the intersection of immunity and metabolism, but the detailed mechanism is probably not fully understood. Activated protein 1 (AP1) signaling pathway is very important in macrophage activation-mediated inflammation. However, it is unclear whether AP1 signaling pathway mediates metabolic inflammation in the liver. We aimed to investigate the effects of macrophage TLR4-AP1 signaling pathway on hepatocyte metabolic inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid deposition, as well as to explore the potential of TLR4-AP1 as new intervention targets of insulin resistance and liver steatosis. TLR4 and AP1 were silenced in the RAW264.7 cells by lentiviral siRNA transfection. In vivo transduction of lentivirus was administered in mice fed with high-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity and inflammation were evaluated in the treated cells or animals. Our results indicated that TLR4/AP-1 siRNA transfection alleviated high-fat diet-induced systemic and hepatic inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance in mice. Additionally, TLR4/AP-1 siRNA transfection mitigated palmitic acid- (PA-) induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and metabolic abnormalities in cocultured AML hepatocytes. Herein, we propose that TLR4-AP1 signaling pathway activation plays a crucial role in high fat- or PA-induced metabolic inflammation and insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Intervention of the TLR4 expression regulates macrophage polarization and metabolic inflammation and further alleviates insulin resistance and lipid deposition in hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kupffer Cells: Inflammation Pathways and Cell-Cell Interactions in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:2185-2193. [PMID: 32919978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is linked to the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This disease is characterized by a clinical spectrum ranging from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Several cell types are involved in ALD progression, including hepatic macrophages. Kupffer cells (KCs) are the resident macrophages of the liver involved in the progression of ALD by activating pathways that lead to the production of cytokines and chemokines. In addition, KCs are involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species are linked to the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver. These events are activated by the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide, that is released from the gastrointestinal tract through the portal vein to the liver. Lipopolysaccharide is recognized by receptors on KCs that are responsible for triggering several pathways that activate proinflammatory cytokines involved in alcohol-induced liver injury. In addition, KCs activate hepatic stellate cells that are involved in liver fibrosis. Novel strategies to treat ALD aim at targeting Kupffer cells. These interventions modulate Kupffer cell activation or macrophage polarization. Evidence from mouse models and early clinical studies in patients with ALD injury supports the notion that pathogenic macrophage subsets can be successfully translated into novel treatment options for patients with this disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cacicedo ML, Medina-Montano C, Kaps L, Kappel C, Gehring S, Bros M. Role of Liver-Mediated Tolerance in Nanoparticle-Based Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1985. [PMID: 32872352 PMCID: PMC7563539 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the use of nanocarriers for immunotherapeutic purposes has gained a lot of attention, especially in the field of tumor therapy. However, most types of nanocarriers accumulate strongly in the liver after systemic application. Due to the default tolerance-promoting role of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), their potential role on the immunological outcome of systemic nano-vaccination approaches for therapy of tumors in the liver and in other organs needs to be considered. Concerning immunological functions, KCs have been the focus until now, but recent studies have elucidated an important role of LSECs and HSCs as well. Therefore, this review aims to summarize current knowledge on the employment of nanocarriers for immunotherapeutic therapy of liver diseases and the overall role of liver NPCs in the context of nano-vaccination approaches. With regard to the latter, we discuss strategies on how to address liver NPCs, aiming to exploit and modulate their immunological properties, and alternatively how to avoid unwanted engagement of nano-vaccines by liver NPCs for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L. Cacicedo
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.L.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Carolina Medina-Montano
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.M.-M.); (C.K.)
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, I. Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Cinja Kappel
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.M.-M.); (C.K.)
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.L.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.M.-M.); (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ni Y, Ni L, Zhuge F, Fu Z. The Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites, Novel Targets for Treating and Preventing Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000375. [PMID: 32738185 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide, along with obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD involves a series of liver abnormalities from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The gut-liver axis plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, which depends mainly on regulation of the gut microbiota and its bacterial products. These intestinal bacterial species and their metabolites, including bile acids, tryptophan catabolites, and branched-chain amino acids, regulate adipose tissue and intestinal homeostasis and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this review, the current evidence regarding the key role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in the pathogenesis and development of NAFLD is highlighted, and the advances in the progression and applied prospects of gut microbiota-targeted dietary and exercise therapies is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Liyang Ni
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| | - Fen Zhuge
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310015, China
| | - Zhengwei Fu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zheng T, Wang Q, Dong Y, Ma W, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Bian F, Chen L. High Glucose-Aggravated Hepatic Insulin Resistance: Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Kupffer Cells. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1270-1282. [PMID: 32538511 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the NLRP3 inflammasome in Kupffer cells (KCs) can be activated in response to high glucose (HG) and to evaluate its influence on hepatic insulin sensitivity. METHODS Primary KCs and hepatocytes were isolated from mice, and lipid accumulation, glucose output, and insulin sensitivity of hepatocytes were investigated after culturing either alone or with KCs exposed to HG. The influence of HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in KCs on insulin sensitivity of hepatocytes was examined. Treatment with gadolinium trichloride caused KC depletion, and, subsequently, a streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mouse model was used to confirm the influence of KCs on hepatic insulin sensitivity. RESULTS Hepatocytes cocultured with KCs showed enhanced lipid accumulation, glucose output, and impaired insulin sensitivity when exposed to HG. Enhanced NLRP3 inflammasome activation was also evident in both hepatocytes and KCs. Moreover, KCs that were pretreated with caspase-1 inhibitor, NLRP3 inhibitor, and NLRP3 small interfering RNA corrected coculture-induced aberrances in insulin action and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in hepatocytes. KC coculture also increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in hepatocytes. In hyperglycemic mice, KC depletion inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS NLRP3 inflammasome activation impaired insulin sensitivity through KC-derived IL-1β-mediated NF-κB activation in hepatocytes exposed to HG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zheng
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qibin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongcheng Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Weidong Ma
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fang Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gehrke N, Schattenberg JM. Metabolic Inflammation-A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1929-1947.e6. [PMID: 32068022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global and growing health concern. Emerging evidence points toward metabolic inflammation as a key process in the fatty liver that contributes to multiorgan morbidity. Key extrahepatic comorbidities that are influenced by NAFLD are type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired neurocognitive function. Importantly, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis increase the risk for systemic comorbidity in NAFLD. Although the precise nature of the crosstalk between the liver and other organs has not yet been fully elucidated, there is emerging evidence that metabolic inflammation-in part, emanating from the fatty liver-is the engine that drives cellular dysfunction, cell death, and deleterious remodeling within various body tissues. This review describes several inflammatory pathways and mediators that have been implicated as links between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Honma K, Machida C, Mochizuki K, Goda T. Glucose and TNF enhance expression of TNF and IL1B, and histone H3 acetylation and K4/K36 methylation, in juvenile macrophage cells. Gene 2020; 763S:100034. [PMID: 32550560 PMCID: PMC7285958 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia activates innate leukocytes such as monocytes and induces pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, resulting in increased monocyte adhesion to aortic endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether high glucose and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) would enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β (IL1B) by altering histone modifications in U937, a juvenile macrophage cell line. The mRNA levels of TNF and IL1B in U937 cells were significantly affected by glucose concentration and TNF treatment. Mono-methylated histone H3K4 signals around TNF and IL1B were lower in cells treated with high glucose compared with low glucose. Conversely, tri-methylated histone H3K4 and H3K36 signals were higher in cells treated with high glucose compared with low glucose. TNF treatment of U937 cells cultured in high glucose enhanced histone H3K36 tri-methylation, particularly around the gene regions of TNF and IL1B. Histone acetylation was induced by treatment with TNF in high-glucose medium. The induction of acetylation and tri-methylation of K4 and K36 of histone H3 around TNF and IL1B by treatment with high glucose and/or TNF was positively associated with the induction of these genes in juvenile macrophage U937 cells. Culture with high glucose induced TNF and IL1B expression in U937 cells. TNF treatment enhanced high glucose inducible TNF expression in U937 cells. H3K4me3 around TNF and IL1B was induced by high glucose treatment. TNF treatment enhanced H3Ac in the gene body region of TNF and IL1B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazue Honma
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Chie Machida
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Local Produce and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshinao Goda
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Deng J, Wang M, Guo Y, Fischer H, Yu X, Kem D, Li H. Activation of α7nAChR via vagus nerve prevents obesity-induced insulin resistance via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammation in Kupffer cells. Med Hypotheses 2020; 140:109671. [PMID: 32182560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR). In the state of obesity, excess fat accumulates in the liver, a key organ in systemic metabolism, altering the inflammatory and metabolic signals contributing substantially to the development of hepatic IR. Current therapies for these metabolic disorders have not been able to reverse their rapidly rising prevalence. One of the reasons is that the effects of existing drugs are predominantly non-lasting [1,2]. The vagus nerve (VN) is known to play an essential role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis while decreased VN activity has been suggested to contribute to obesity associated metabolic syndrome [3,4]. Several studies have reported that activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) cholinergic signaling with or without VN intervention has protective effects against obesity-related inflammation and other metabolic complications [5]. However, the molecular mechanisms are still not elucidated. Exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent dysregulated inflammation has been implicated in the development of lipid accumulation and IR [6]. Whether targeting α7nAChR can regulate IR through these pathways is rarely reported. Accordingly, the present proposal posits that activation of the α7nAChR by VNS attenuates ER stress induced inflammation, thus ameliorating hepatic IR in Kupffer cell. We will focus on the specific interaction between vagal cholinergic activity and the modulation of ER stress induced inflammation via the α7nAChR associated pathway during IR development. Recently, the Endocrine Society has emphasized the absence of specific evidence from basic science, clinical, and epidemiological literature to assess current knowledge regarding underlying mechanisms of obesity [7]. In this proposal, we assign a significant role to α7nAChR in obesity-induced hepatic IR, and suggest a possible therapeutic strategy with VNS intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Deng
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yankai Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China; Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hayley Fischer
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China
| | - Xichun Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China
| | - David Kem
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao H, Raines LN, Huang SCC. Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Metabolism as Hallmarks for Innate Immune Cell Activation and Function. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030562. [PMID: 32121028 PMCID: PMC7140477 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation is now understood to be fundamentally linked to intrinsic and/or extrinsic metabolic processes which are essential for immune cells to survive, proliferate, and perform their effector functions. Moreover, disruption or dysregulation of these pathways can result in detrimental outcomes and underly a number of pathologies in both communicable and non-communicable diseases. In this review, we discuss how the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids in particular can modulate innate immunity and how perturbations in these pathways can result in failure of these immune cells to properly function or induce unfavorable phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (H.Z.); (L.N.R.)
| | - Lydia N. Raines
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (H.Z.); (L.N.R.)
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (H.Z.); (L.N.R.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-368-3909
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cai J, Zhang XJ, Ji YX, Zhang P, She ZG, Li H. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pandemic Fuels the Upsurge in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circ Res 2020; 126:679-704. [PMID: 32105577 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of death worldwide. Among the major risk factors for CVD, obesity and diabetes mellitus have received considerable attention in terms of public policy and awareness. However, the emerging prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as the most common liver and metabolic disease and a cause of CVD, has been largely overlooked. Currently, the number of individuals with NAFLD is greater than the total number of individuals with diabetes mellitus and obesity. Epidemiological studies have established a strong correlation between NAFLD and an increased risk of CVD and CVD-associated events. Although debate continues over the causal relationship between NAFLD and CVD, many mechanistic and longitudinal studies have indicated that NAFLD is one of the major driving forces for CVD and should be recognized as an independent risk factor for CVD apart from other metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize the clinical evidence that supports NAFLD as a risk factor for CVD epidemics and discuss major mechanistic insights regarding the acceleration of CVD in the setting of NAFLD. Finally, we address the potential treatments for NAFLD and their potential impact on CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (J.C.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Yan-Xiao Ji
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China (X.-J.Z., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, China (J.C., X.-J.Z., Y.-X.J., P.Z., Z.-G.S., H.L.).,Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, China (H.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chait A, den Hartigh LJ. Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32158768 PMCID: PMC7052117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays essential roles in maintaining lipid and glucose homeostasis. To date several types of adipose tissue have been identified, namely white, brown, and beige, that reside in various specific anatomical locations throughout the body. The cellular composition, secretome, and location of these adipose depots define their function in health and metabolic disease. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional, promoting a pro-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic and insulin resistant environment that contributes to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, similar features that result from adipose tissue dysfunction also promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) by mechanisms that can be augmented by T2DM. The mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue simultaneously promote T2DM and CVD, focusing on adipose tissue depot-specific adipokines, inflammatory profiles, and metabolism, will be the focus of this review. The impact that various T2DM and CVD treatment strategies have on adipose tissue function and body weight also will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Laura J den Hartigh
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Catestatin improves insulin sensitivity by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress: In vivo and in silico validation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:464-481. [PMID: 32180905 PMCID: PMC7063178 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An endogenous peptide catestatin alleviates obesity-induced ER stress. Alleviation of ER stress by catestatin improves insulin sensitivity. PID controller based model of ER stress is supported by experimental findings. It predicts AKT phosphorylation achieves insulin sensitivity overcoming ER stress.
Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, unresolved inflammation in insulin-targeted tissues. Obesity-induced inflammation causes accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and liver. Proinflammatory cytokines released from tissue macrophages inhibits insulin sensitivity. Obesity also leads to inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance. In this scenario, based on the data (specifically patterns) generated by our in vivo experiments on both diet-induced obese (DIO) and normal chow diet (NCD) mice, we developed an in silico state space model to integrate ER stress and insulin signaling pathways. Computational results successfully followed the experimental results for both DIO and NCD conditions. Chromogranin A (CgA) peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) improves obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance by reducing inflammation and inhibiting proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. We reasoned that the anti-inflammatory effects of CST would alleviate ER stress. CST decreased obesity-induced ER dilation in hepatocytes and macrophages. On application of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers on the in silico model, we checked whether the reduction of phosphorylated PERK resulting in attenuation of ER stress, resembling CST effect, could enhance insulin sensitivity. The simulation results clearly pointed out that CST not only decreased ER stress but also enhanced insulin sensitivity in mammalian cells. In vivo experiment validated the simulation results by depicting that CST caused decrease in phosphorylation of UPR signaling molecules and increased phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules. Besides simulation results predicted that enhancement of AKT phosphorylation helps in both overcoming ER stress and achieving insulin sensitivity. These effects of CST were verified in hepatocyte culture model.
Collapse
|
37
|
Orliaguet L, Dalmas E, Drareni K, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarization in Insulin Signaling and Sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:62. [PMID: 32140136 PMCID: PMC7042402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease of two etiologies: metabolic and inflammatory. At the cross-section of these etiologies lays the phenomenon of metabolic inflammation. Whilst metabolic inflammation is characterized as systemic, a common starting point is the tissue-resident macrophage, who's successful physiological or aberrant pathological adaptation to its microenvironment determines disease course and severity. This review will highlight the key mechanisms in macrophage polarization, inflammatory and non-inflammatory signaling that dictates the development and progression of insulin resistance and T2D. We first describe the known homeostatic functions of tissue macrophages in insulin secreting and major insulin sensitive tissues. Importantly we highlight the known mechanisms of aberrant macrophage activation in these tissues and the ways in which this leads to impairment of insulin sensitivity/secretion and the development of T2D. We next describe the cellular mechanisms that are known to dictate macrophage polarization. We review recent progress in macrophage bio-energetics, an emerging field of research that places cellular metabolism at the center of immune-effector function. Importantly, following the advent of the metabolically-activated macrophage, we cover the known transcriptional and epigenetic factors that canonically and non-canonically dictate macrophage differentiation and inflammatory polarization. In closing perspectives, we discuss emerging research themes and highlight novel non-inflammatory or non-immune roles that tissue macrophages have in maintaining microenvironmental and systemic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Orliaguet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Karima Drareni
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guillot A, Buch C, Jourdan T. Kupffer Cell and Monocyte-Derived Macrophage Identification by Immunofluorescence on Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Mouse Liver Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2164:45-53. [PMID: 32607882 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0704-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are the liver-resident macrophages and represent the first line of defense between the pathogens circulating from the intestines through the portal vein and systemic circulation. Recent works have highlighted the complex heterogeneity of macrophage functions and origins, thus raising awareness on the need for a better characterization of macrophage populations. The immunohistochemistry method here described, allows for a rapid distinction between Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages present on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse liver samples. This protocol has been optimized for its reproducibility, reliability, and simplicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Guillot
- Department of Hepatology/Gastroenterology, Charité University Medical Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chloé Buch
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer" and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Team Pathophysiology of Dyslipidemia, INSERM UMR1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer" and Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tanase DM, Gosav EM, Costea CF, Ciocoiu M, Lacatusu CM, Maranduca MA, Ouatu A, Floria M. The Intricate Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Insulin Resistance (IR), and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3920196. [PMID: 32832560 PMCID: PMC7424491 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3920196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain as one of the most global problematic metabolic diseases with rapidly increasing prevalence and incidence. Epidemiological studies noted that T2DM patients have by two-fold increase to develop NAFLD, and vice versa. This complex and intricate association is supported and mediated by insulin resistance (IR). In this review, we discuss the NAFLD immunopathogenesis, connection with IR and T2DM, the role of screening and noninvasive tools, and mostly the impact of the current antidiabetic drugs on steatosis liver and new potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Evelina Maria Gosav
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Lacatusu
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Interleukin 10 promotes macrophage uptake of HDL and LDL by stimulating fluid-phase endocytosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158537. [PMID: 31676439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Highly elevated plasma levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) are causally associated with "Disappearing HDL Syndrome" and low plasma LDL-cholesterol, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Fluid-phase endocytosis, a process highly dependent on actin dynamics, enables cells to internalize relatively high amounts of extracellular fluids and solutes. We sought to investigate whether IL-10 induces lipoprotein uptake by fluid-phase endocytosis in macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Macrophages (RAW264.7, Kupffer and human) were incubated with vehicle (PBS) or IL-10 (20 ng/ml) for 7 days. Uptake of HDL, LDL, and/or fluid-phase endocytosis probes (albumin-Alexa680®, 70 kDa FITC-Dextran and Lucifer Yellow, LY) was evaluated by FACS. Intracellular cofilin and phosphorylated cofilin (p-cofilin) levels were determined by immunoblotting. Macrophage uptake of lipoproteins and probes was non-saturable and increased after IL-10 incubation (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, pre-incubation with fluid-phase endocytosis inhibitors (LY294002, Latrunculin A, and Amiloride) significantly reduced uptake (p < 0.05). IL-10 increased the cofilin/p-cofilin ratio (p = 0.021), signifying increased cofilin activation and hence filamentous actin. Consistently, phalloidin staining revealed increased filamentous actin in macrophages after IL-10 treatment (p = 0.0018). Finally, RNA-seq analysis demonstrated enrichment of gene sets related to actin filament dynamics, membrane ruffle formation and endocytosis in IL-10-treated macrophages (p < 0.05). IL-10 did not alter mRNA levels of Ldlr, Vldlr, Scarb1, Cd36 or Lrp1. In primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and murine Kupffer cells, IL-10 incubation also increased uptake of lipoproteins, albumin and LY (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Interleukin-10 induces the uptake of HDL and LDL by fluid-phase endocytosis by increasing actin-filament rearrangement in macrophages, thus providing a plausible mechanism contributing to "Disappearing HDL Syndrome".
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu ZP, Chang H, Ni YY, Li C, Chen L, Hou M, Ji MJ. Schistosoma japonicum infection causes a reprogramming of glycolipid metabolism in the liver. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:388. [PMID: 31375125 PMCID: PMC6679454 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent investigations indicate that schistosome infection is closely associated with aberrant glycolipid metabolism. However, the actual glycolipid metabolism gene expression, as well as the possible pathways that regulate glycolipid metabolism in the schistosome-infected liver, has not been extensively explored. Methods In this study, we evaluated the dynamic expression of glycolipid metabolism-associated genes and proteins in the livers from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum at the indicated time points using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Then, cultures of macrophages were treated with schistosome soluble egg antigen (SEA) to detect the expression levels of genes associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in order to identify macrophages metabolic characteristics in response to these antigens. Furthermore, SEA-stimulated macrophages were co-cultures with hepatocytes and detected the effects of macrophages on the gene expression of hepatocytes metabolism. Results The expression of glycolysis-related genes (Ldha, Glut4, Pkm2, Glut1, Pfkfb3, Aldoc, HK2, Pfk) in the liver were upregulated but the gluconeogenesis gene (G6pc) was downregulated during S. japonicum infection. In addition, the mRNA levels of fatty acid (FA) oxidation-related genes (Ucp2, Atp5b, Pparg) in the liver were significantly upregulated; however, the FA synthesis genes (Fas, Acc, Scd1, Srebp1c) and lipid uptake gene (Cd36) were downregulated post-S. japonicum-infection. In consistence with these data, stimulation with SEA in vitro significantly enhanced the gene expression that involved in glycolysis and FA oxidation, but decreased genes related to gluconeogenesis, FA synthesis and lipid uptake in macrophages. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK, AKT and mTORC1 were increased in macrophages after SEA stimulation. Inhibition of phosphorylated AMPK, AKT and mTORC1 promoted SEA-treated macrophages to produce glucose. In addition, suppression of phosphorylated-AMPK, but not phosphorylated-AKT and phosphorylated-mTOR, induced the lipid accumulation in SEA-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, SEA-treated macrophages significantly reduced the expression of Acc mRNA in hepatocytes in vitro. Conclusions These findings reveal S. japonicum infection induces dynamic changes in the expression levels of genes involved in catabolism (glucose uptake, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation) and suppressing anabolism (glycogen synthesis) in the liver, which could occur via macrophages’ metabolic states, particularly those involved in the AMPK, AKT and mTORC1 pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3621-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yue Ni
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lu J, Zhao J, Meng H, Zhang X. Adipose Tissue-Resident Immune Cells in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1173. [PMID: 31191541 PMCID: PMC6540829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue-resident immune cells have been observed, and the potential contribution of these cells to metabolic dysfunction has been appreciated in recent years. This review focused on adipose tissue-resident immune cells that are dysregulated in the context of obesity and T2D. We comprehensively overviewed emerging knowledge regarding the phenotypic and functional properties of these cells and local factors that control their development. We discussed their function in controlling the immune response cascade and disease progression. We also characterized the metabolic profiles of these cells to explain the functional consequences in obese adipose tissues. Finally, we discussed the potential therapeutic targeting of adipose tissue-resident immune cells with the aim of addressing novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Morgantini C, Jager J, Li X, Levi L, Azzimato V, Sulen A, Barreby E, Xu C, Tencerova M, Näslund E, Kumar C, Verdeguer F, Straniero S, Hultenby K, Björkström NK, Ellis E, Rydén M, Kutter C, Hurrell T, Lauschke VM, Boucher J, Tomčala A, Krejčová G, Bajgar A, Aouadi M. Liver macrophages regulate systemic metabolism through non-inflammatory factors. Nat Metab 2019; 1:445-459. [PMID: 32694874 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver macrophages (LMs) have been proposed to contribute to metabolic disease through secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, anti-inflammatory drugs lead to only modest improvements in systemic metabolism. Here we show that LMs do not undergo a proinflammatory phenotypic switch in obesity-induced insulin resistance in flies, mice and humans. Instead, we find that LMs produce non-inflammatory factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), that directly regulate liver metabolism. IGFBP7 binds to the insulin receptor and induces lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis via activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. We further show that IGFBP7 is subject to RNA editing at a higher frequency in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive obese patients (90% versus 30%, respectively), resulting in an IGFBP7 isoform with potentially higher capacity to bind to the insulin receptor. Our study demonstrates that LMs can contribute to insulin resistance independently of their inflammatory status and indicates that non-inflammatory factors produced by macrophages might represent new drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Morgantini
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Université Nice Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Xidan Li
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laura Levi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valerio Azzimato
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emelie Barreby
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Connie Xu
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital and Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Translational Sciences, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francisco Verdeguer
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Straniero
- Metabolism Unit C2:94, Department of Medicine, and Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Niklas K Björkström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ellis
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Claudia Kutter
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey Hurrell
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aleš Tomčala
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Protistology, Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Bajgar
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, and Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Castro Barbosa T, Alm PS, Krook A, Barrès R, Zierath JR. Paternal high-fat diet transgenerationally impacts hepatic immunometabolism. FASEB J 2019; 33:6269-6280. [PMID: 30768368 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801879rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paternal preconceptional high-fat diet (HFD) alters whole-body glucose and energy homeostasis over several generations, which may be mediated by altered transcriptomic profiles of metabolic organs. We investigated the effect of paternal HFD on the hepatic transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of female grand-offspring. Paternal HFD strongly impacted the liver transcriptome of the second-generation offspring. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed grandpaternal-HFD altered the TNF-α signaling via NFκB pathway, independent of the grand-offspring's diet. Reduction in the hepatic cytokine levels, including the TNF-α, as well as NFκB content and activity, suggest that the basal inflammatory response in F2 rats is disturbed. GSEA also show altered expression of various genes annotated to the fatty acid metabolism. Grandpaternal-HFD reduced G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2) expression, concomitant with reduced hepatic triglyceride content in F2 rats. In conclusion, the hepatic transcriptome is altered in grand-offspring from HFD-fed grandfathers. Altered TNF-α/NFκB signaling and levels of inflammatory cytokines indicate grandpaternal HFD impacts hepatic immunometabolism. Overall, our findings indicate that paternal exposure to environmental factors transgenerationally reprograms metabolism in a tissue-specific manner, affecting the development and health of future generations.-De Castro Barbosa, T., Alm, P. S., Krook, A., Barrès, R., Zierath, J. R. Paternal high-fat diet transgenerationally impacts hepatic immunometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Petter S Alm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Leukotriene Involvement in the Insulin Receptor Pathway and Macrophage Profiles in Muscles from Type 1 Diabetic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4596127. [PMID: 30809106 PMCID: PMC6369485 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4596127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a metabolic disease associated with systemic low-grade inflammation and macrophage reprogramming. There is evidence that this inflammation depends on the increased systemic levels of leukotriene (LT) B4 found in T1D mice, which shifts macrophages towards the proinflammatory (M1) phenotype. Although T1D can be corrected by insulin administration, over time T1D patients can develop insulin resistance that hinders glycemic control. Here, we sought to investigate the role of leukotrienes (LTs) in a metabolically active tissue such as muscle, focusing on the insulin signaling pathway and muscle-associated macrophage profiles. Type 1 diabetes was induced in the 129/SvE mouse strain by streptozotocin (STZ) in mice deficient in the enzyme responsible for LT synthesis (5LO-/-) and the LT-sufficient wild type (WT). The response to insulin was evaluated by the insulin tolerance test (ITT), insulin concentration by ELISA, and Akt phosphorylation by western blotting. The gene expression levels of the insulin receptor and macrophage markers Stat1, MCP-1, Ym1, Arg1, and IL-6 were evaluated by qPCR, and that of IL-10 by ELISA. We observed that after administration of a single dose of insulin to diabetic mice, the reduction in glycemia was more pronounced in 5LO-/- than in WT mice. When muscle homogenates were analyzed, diabetic 5LO-/- mice showed a higher expression of the insulin receptor gene and higher Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, in muscle homogenates from diabetic 5LO-/- mice, the expression of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers Ym1, Arg1, and IL-10 was increased, and the relative expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 was reduced compared with WT diabetic mice. These results suggest that LTs have an impact on the insulin receptor signaling pathway and modulate the inflammatory profile of muscle-resident macrophages from T1D mice.
Collapse
|
46
|
CX 3CR1 differentiates F4/80 low monocytes into pro-inflammatory F4/80 high macrophages in the liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15076. [PMID: 30305672 PMCID: PMC6180058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is related to migration and signaling in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. The precise roles of CX3CR1 in the liver have been investigated but not clearly elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of CX3CR1 in hepatic macrophages and liver injury. Hepatic and splenic CX3CR1lowF4/80low monocytes and CX3CR1lowCD16− monocytes were differentiated into CX3CR1highF4/80high or CX3CR1highCD16+ macrophages by co-culture with endothelial cells. Moreover, CX3CL1 deficiency in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attenuated the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas recombinant CX3CL1 treatment reversed this expression in co-cultured monocytes. Upon treatment with clodronate liposome, hepatic F4/80high macrophages were successfully depleted at day 2 and recovered similarly in CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice at week 4, suggesting a CX3CR1-independent replacement. However, F4/80high macrophages of CX3CR1+/GFP showed a stronger pro-inflammatory phenotype than CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice. In clodronate-treated chimeric CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice, CX3CR1+F4/80high macrophages showed higher expression of IL-1β and TNF-α than CX3CR1−F4/80high macrophages. In alcoholic liver injury, despite the similar frequency of hepatic F4/80high macrophages, CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice showed reduced liver injury, hepatic fat accumulation, and inflammatory responses than CX3CR1+/GFP mice. Thus, CX3CR1 could be a novel therapeutic target for pro-inflammatory macrophage-mediated liver injury.
Collapse
|
47
|
Muntjewerff EM, Dunkel G, Nicolasen MJT, Mahata SK, van den Bogaart G. Catestatin as a Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2199. [PMID: 30337922 PMCID: PMC6180191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly clear that inflammatory diseases and cancers are influenced by cleavage products of the pro-hormone chromogranin A (CgA), such as the 21-amino acids long catestatin (CST). The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of CST and its mechanism of action. We discuss evidence proving that CST and its precursor CgA are crucial for maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis. CST could reduce inflammation in various mouse models for diabetes, colitis and atherosclerosis. In these mouse models, CST treatment resulted in less infiltration of immune cells in affected tissues, although in vitro monocyte migration was increased by CST. Both in vivo and in vitro, CST can shift macrophage differentiation from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Thus, the concept is emerging that CST plays a role in tissue homeostasis by regulating immune cell infiltration and macrophage differentiation. These findings warrant studying the effects of CST in humans and make it an interesting therapeutic target for treatment and/or diagnosis of various metabolic and immune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke M Muntjewerff
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gina Dunkel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mara J T Nicolasen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Geert van den Bogaart
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ying W, Mahata S, Bandyopadhyay GK, Zhou Z, Wollam J, Vu J, Mayoral R, Chi NW, Webster NJG, Corti A, Mahata SK. Catestatin Inhibits Obesity-Induced Macrophage Infiltration and Inflammation in the Liver and Suppresses Hepatic Glucose Production, Leading to Improved Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes 2018; 67:841-848. [PMID: 29432123 PMCID: PMC6463753 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) and monocyte-derived recruited macrophages (McMΦs) in the liver contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO mice) treated with chromogranin A peptide catestatin (CST) showed several positive results. These included decreased hepatic/plasma lipids and plasma insulin, diminished expression of gluconeogenic genes, attenuated expression of proinflammatory genes, increased expression of anti-inflammatory genes in McMΦs, and inhibition of the infiltration of McMΦs resulting in improvement of insulin sensitivity. Systemic CST knockout (CST-KO) mice on normal chow diet (NCD) ate more food, gained weight, and displayed elevated blood glucose and insulin levels. Supplementation of CST normalized glucose and insulin levels. To verify that the CST deficiency caused macrophages to be very proinflammatory in CST-KO NCD mice and produced glucose intolerance, we tested the effects of (sorted with FACS) F4/80+Ly6C- cells (representing KCs) and F4/80-Ly6C+ cells (representing McMΦs) on hepatic glucose production (HGP). Both basal HGP and glucagon-induced HGP were markedly increased in hepatocytes cocultured with KCs and McMΦs from NCD-fed CST-KO mice, and the effect was abrogated upon pretreatment of CST-KO macrophages with CST. Thus, we provide a novel mechanism of HGP suppression through CST-mediated inhibition of macrophage infiltration and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joshua Wollam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jessica Vu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Rafael Mayoral
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nai-Wen Chi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Nicholas J G Webster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Angelo Corti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Scientific Institute, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Regulation of Immune Cell Functions by Metabolic Reprogramming. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:8605471. [PMID: 29651445 PMCID: PMC5831954 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8605471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings show that the metabolic status of immune cells can determine immune responses. Metabolic reprogramming between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, previously speculated as exclusively observable in cancer cells, exists in various types of immune and stromal cells in many different pathological conditions other than cancer. The microenvironments of cancer, obese adipose, and wound-repairing tissues share common features of inflammatory reactions. In addition, the metabolic changes in macrophages and T cells are now regarded as crucial for the functional plasticity of the immune cells and responsible for the progression and regression of many pathological processes, notably cancer. It is possible that metabolic changes in the microenvironment induced by other cellular components are responsible for the functional plasticity of immune cells. This review explores the molecular mechanisms responsible for metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and T cells and also provides a summary of recent updates with regard to the functional modulation of the immune cells by metabolic changes in the microenvironment, notably the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhong X, Liu H. Honokiol attenuates diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating macrophage polarization through activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:524-532. [PMID: 28670854 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may develop into hepatic cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate whether honokiol could prevent NASH induced by high-cholesterol and high-fat (CL) diet in mice and the possible mechanism involved. METHODS Mice were fed with CL diet for 12 weeks to establish a NASH model; honokiol (0.02% w/w in diet) was added to evaluate its effect on NASH. Murine peritoneal macrophages, RAW264.7 and ANA-1 cells, were used to explore the possible mechanisms of honokiol on macrophage polarization. RESULTS Mice developed NASH after fed with CL diet for 12 weeks. Honokiol supplementation alleviated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by CL diet. Immunohistochemistry showed that honokiol induced more M2 macrophages in livers compared with CL diet alone. Honokiol decreased M1 marker genes (TNFα and MCP-1) and increased M2 marker gene (YM-1, IL-10, IL-4R and IL-13) expression in mice liver compared with CL diet. Moreover, treatment with honokiol lowered alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum and preserved liver from lipid peroxidation, evidenced by lowered hepatic malondialdehyde level. Honokiol has antioxidant function, as honokiol upregulated hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase level and downregulated hepatic CYP2E1 protein level. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes were upregulated by honokiol. Furthermore, honokiol (10 μM) treatment in mouse peritoneal cells, RAW264.7 cells and ANA-1 cells, led to M2 macrophage polarization, whereas a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, abolished this effect of honokiol. CONCLUSIONS Honokiol can attenuate CL diet-induced NASH and the mechanism in which possibly is polarizing macrophages to M2 phenotype via PPARγ activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai City, 200011, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai City, 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|