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Scaglione NM, Ward RM, Buben A, Turrisi R. Alcohol's Role in Sexual Decision Making in First-Year College Women: An Event-Level Assessment. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY 2024; 48:121-132. [PMID: 38895110 PMCID: PMC11185828 DOI: 10.1177/03616843231186319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sexual decision making is often grounded in social scripts that can be detrimental to women's healthy relationship and sexual development during the transition to college. Little is known about the malleable decision-making processes and drinking behaviors that influence sexual behaviors from day-to-day. We examined whether women were more likely to engage in sexual behaviors on days they had higher intentions and willingness to engage in sex or drink alcohol. We also explored interactions between sex- and alcohol-related decision constructs. Eighty-two first-year college women completed 14-days of ecological momentary assessment, reporting on alcohol- and sex-related intentions and willingness (3x daily) and daily drinking and sexual behaviors. We found partial support for our hypotheses: intentions and willingness to have sex were positively associated with sex behaviors, but willingness to drink was negatively associated with sex behaviors. Heavy drinking was associated with sexual behavior, even when women indicated no prior willingness to engage in sexual behavior on those days. Findings highlight the need to address event-level variability in sexual decision making, with a particular focus on how alcohol impacts these processes. Further, the robust association between sexual intentions and behavior suggests intention setting may be a particularly useful sexual empowerment education tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichole M. Scaglione
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rose Marie Ward
- The Graduate School & Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Alex Buben
- Center for Behavioral Health Epidemiology, Implementation, and Evaluation Research, Community Health Research Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health & Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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2
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Weyandt L, DuPaul GJ, Shepard E, Labban JD, Francis A, Beatty A, Anastopoulos AD. Longitudinal Examination of Sexual Risk Behavior in College Students With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:3505-3519. [PMID: 37548880 PMCID: PMC10703957 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to identify differences in the rates and predictors of risky sexual behavior among college students with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Current ADHD diagnosis, medication status among those with ADHD, executive functioning, substance use, comorbid anxiety, comorbid depression, and gender were identified as potential predictors of increased risky sexual behavior. Multiple group latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate trajectories of risky sexual behavior across four years of college among college students with ADHD (nmedicated = 99, nunmedicated = 105) and a comparison group (n = 217) recruited from colleges throughout the eastern United States (M age = 18.23 years, 53% female, 70% White). First-year college students with ADHD reported significantly higher rates of sexual risk behavior than their peers without ADHD, with no significant differences found based on medication status. Students with ADHD who were taking medication for ADHD reported significant decreases in risky sexual behavior over time. Among college students with ADHD, anxiety was related to increased current risky sexual behavior in the medicated group, while depression was predictive of decreased future risky sexual behavior in the unmedicated group. Alcohol and cannabis use were significantly associated with increased mean levels of risky sexual behavior across all three groups, and cannabis use was associated with decreased future risky sexual behavior within the comparison group. Executive functioning deficits and male gender were predictive of risky sexual behavior within the comparison group. The results demonstrate that college students with ADHD, regardless of medication status, are at an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Weyandt
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | | | - Emily Shepard
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
| | - Jeffrey D Labban
- School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa Francis
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Avery Beatty
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Arthur D Anastopoulos
- School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Bockaj A, O'Sullivan LF. Romanticizing the Stolen Kiss: Men's and Women's Reports of Nonconsensual Kisses and Perceptions of Impact on the Targets of Those Kisses. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:1083-1089. [PMID: 35939327 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stolen kisses are often portrayed as resulting from uncontrollable passion and a need to connect intimately with another. This study examined stolen kisses, defined as kissing someone for the first time when the kisser perceived the kiss recipient was not expecting it, and had not provided consent for the kiss. These kisses were examined from the perspective of the individual initiating the kiss. Participants (N = 130; Mage = 32.27; 67% identified as male) completed an anonymous online survey assessing kissing experiences of having stolen a kiss and their open-ended responses were analyzed here. Men were more likely than women to report having stolen a kiss in line with traditional heterosexual scripts. Three scenarios emerged through content analysis: mutual attraction leading to a new relationship; no known mutual attraction but a positive outcome; and no known mutual attraction and a negative outcome. Stealing a kiss from someone for whom there was mutual attraction often led to the onset of an intimate relationship; thus, the kiss constituted a relationship catalyst. When there was no known shared attraction, some interactions ended positively, but others resulted in an end to cordial relations and often strong negative reactions. Findings are discussed in terms of the limited literature on kissing generally and the nonconsensual nature of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bockaj
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick
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4
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Fernandez A, Lozano A, Lee TK, Prado G. Screening for Adolescent Risk Behaviors: Preliminary Evidence for a Family Functioning Tool. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10209-7. [PMID: 37580481 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family functioning is associated with adolescent drug use, alcohol use, cigarette use, and sexual risk behaviors. Assessing adolescents for family functioning, commonly associated with multiple risk behaviors, may help identify adolescents at risk for adverse health outcomes. This study examined whether a latent family functioning construct, encompassing multiple dimensions of family functioning, was associated with adolescents' substance use and sexual risk behaviors. METHOD This study used data harmonization with three intervention trials, including data from 1451 adolescents (M = 13.6, SD = 1.0), to perform a full-information item bifactor analysis on 46 family functioning items from five pre-existing family functioning measures. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between the identified subset of items and the following outcomes: cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, and condom use. RESULTS Bifactor analysis identified a 26-item latent family functioning construct. Regression analysis indicated that a 26-item latent family functioning construct was associated negatively with lifetime and past 90-day cigarette use, alcohol use, and drug use. CONCLUSION In sum, the multi-dimensional latent family functioning construct may target specific barriers to risk screening in adolescent populations, including time constraint, hesitancy in discussing sensitive health topics, and use culturally appropriate and age-appropriate assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fernandez
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Alyssa Lozano
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Tae Kyoung Lee
- Department of Child Psychology and Education/Social Innovation Convergence Program, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guillermo Prado
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Ray AE, Mun EY, Lewis MA, Litt DM, Stapleton JL, Tan L, Buller DB, Zhou Z, Bush HM, Himelhoch S. Cross-Tailoring Integrative Alcohol and Risky Sexual Behavior Feedback for College Students: Protocol for a Hybrid Type 1 Effectiveness-Implementation Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e43986. [PMID: 36716301 PMCID: PMC10131715 DOI: 10.2196/43986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underage drinking and related risky sexual behavior (RSB) are major public health concerns on United States college campuses. Although technology-delivered personalized feedback interventions (PFIs) are considered a best practice for individual-level campus alcohol prevention, there is room for improving the effectiveness of this approach with regard to alcohol-related RSB. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the impact of a brief PFI that integrates content on alcohol use and RSB and is adapted to include a novel cross-tailored dynamic feedback (CDF) component for at-risk first-year college students and (2) identify implementation factors critical to the CDF's success to facilitate future scale-up in campus settings. METHODS This study uses a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design and will be conducted in 3 phases. Phase 1 is a stakeholder-engaged PFI+CDF adaptation guided by focus groups and usability testing. In phase 2, 600 first-year college students who drink and are sexually active will be recruited from 2 sites (n=300 per site) to participate in a 4-group randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of PFI+CDF in reducing alcohol-related RSB. Eligible participants will complete a baseline survey during the first week of the semester and follow-up surveys at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 13 months post baseline. Phase 3 is a qualitative evaluation with stakeholders to better understand relevant implementation factors. RESULTS Recruitment and enrollment for phase 1 began in January 2022. Recruitment for phases 2 and 3 is planned for the summer of 2023 and 2024, respectively. Upon collection of data, the effectiveness of PFI+CDF will be examined, and factors critical to implementation will be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS This hybrid type 1 trial is designed to impact the field by testing an innovative adaptation that extends evidence-based alcohol programs to reduce alcohol-related RSB and provides insights related to implementation to bridge the gap between research and practice at the university level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05011903; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05011903. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Ray
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Eun-Young Mun
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Jerod L Stapleton
- Department of Health, Behavior & Society, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Heather M Bush
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Seth Himelhoch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Garner AR, Florimbio AR, Basting EJ, Sullivan J, Medenblik AM, Jensen MC, Stuart GL. Alcohol Use and Compulsive Sexual Behaviors in College Students: The Moderating Effect of Alcohol-Related Sexual Expectancies. SEXUAL HEALTH & COMPULSIVITY 2023; 30:128-142. [PMID: 37193574 PMCID: PMC10168019 DOI: 10.1080/26929953.2023.2167139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive sexual behaviors (CSB) and alcohol use are prevalent among college students. Alcohol use frequently co-occurs with CSB; however, further examination of risk factors of co-occurring alcohol use and CSB is needed. We examined the moderating effect of alcohol-related sexual expectancies, specifically sexual drive and affect expectancies, on the association between alcohol use/problems and CSB among 308 college students from a large university in the southeastern United States. Alcohol use/problems and CSB had a positive significant relationship among college students high in sexual drive expectancies and high and average in sexual affect expectancies. These findings suggest that alcohol-related sexual expectancies may be a risk factor for alcohol-related CSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa R. Garner
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Autumn Rae Florimbio
- University of Michigan, Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Evan J. Basting
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sullivan
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Medenblik
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Mary C. Jensen
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Gregory L. Stuart
- University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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7
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Kilpatrick DG, Hahn CK. Understanding and Addressing Alcohol and Sexual Violence: We Have Made Progress but Still Have Miles to Go. NEBRASKA SYMPOSIUM ON MOTIVATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-24426-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Vasilenko SA, Walters TL, Clark AN, Lefkowitz ES. Positive, Negative, or Mixed Feelings? A Person-Centered Approach to Consequences of First Penile-Vaginal Intercourse in College Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3993-4006. [PMID: 35974120 PMCID: PMC10496969 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many adolescents and young adults have mixed feelings about their experience of first vaginal intercourse, experiencing both positive consequences like physical satisfaction and love, as well as negative consequences like guilt and anxiety. However, no study has examined the patterns of consequences individuals experience after first vaginal intercourse, which can provide a more nuanced sense of young adults' feelings. We used latent class analysis to examine consequences of first vaginal intercourse in a longitudinal study of college students in the Northeastern United States (N = 191; 45.6% female, 30.9% White/European American, 23.6% Asian American/Pacific Islander, 22.5% Hispanic/Latino, 14.7% Black/African American, 8.4% multiracial). For male college students, classes included Multidimensional Positive (49.4%), Intimacy and Satisfaction (4.39%), and Guilt and Regret (16.22%). For female college students, classes included Intimacy, Satisfaction, and Pain (40.84%), Primarily Negative (31.11%), and Mixed Feelings (20.86%). For male students, age at first vaginal intercourse, first intercourse with a non-relationship partner, religiosity, and non-use of contraceptives were associated with class membership; for female students, first intercourse with a non-relationship partner was associated with being* in classes marked by multiple negative consequences. Findings differ by gender and are partially in line with the sexual double standard, but provide a more nuanced picture, with the majority of both male and female college students likely to report positive consequences, specifically intimacy and physical satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Vasilenko
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 144 White Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Tracy L Walters
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Alyssa N Clark
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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9
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Chan RHW, Dong D, Kim JH. Drinking Expectancies among Chinese Young Adults: A Qualitative Study from Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11865. [PMID: 36231162 PMCID: PMC9565682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol expectancies, i.e., the perceived consequences of drinking, have been reported to be important factor in predicting drinking behaviors. However, studies in the Asia region were largely limited to school-based samples. This study aimed to be the first to explore drinking expectancies among urban Chinese young adults. METHODS In 2020, eight focus group discussions were conducted with Hong Kong Chinese young adults aged 18-34 (n = 53). The participants included heavy drinkers, light drinkers, and non-drinkers from a wide range of occupations and educational backgrounds. Thematic analysis was conducted to uncover common alcohol expectancies. RESULTS Six themes emerged from this study. Four themes that were commonly reported in the literature were the negative consequences of drinking, social bonding, confidence enhancement, and tension reduction. The study also uncovered two culturally relevant alcohol expectancies: health benefits and business drinking expectancies. In contrast to Western samples, Chinese young adults did not report drinking expectancies related to cognitive enhancement or increased sexual interest. CONCLUSION Alcohol harm reduction strategies will need to address the positive drinking expectancies uncovered in this study. Future policy discussions in this emerging alcohol market region should consider greater scrutiny of the role of alcohol marketing in the propagation of positive drinking expectancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufina H. W. Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong Dong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jean H. Kim
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Allen HK, Calhoun BH, Maggs JL. High-risk alcohol use behavior and daily academic effort among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:335-339. [PMID: 32343207 PMCID: PMC7606312 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1752697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective It is not well understood whether heavy drinking interferes with academics on specific days or if this relationship simply reflects between-student differences. Participants:N = 736 college students completed 14 consecutive daily assessments during 7 semesters. Methods: Days were classified as non-drinking, moderate drinking, heavy episodic drinking only (HED-only), or high-intensity drinking (HID) days. Multilevel models tested associations between drinking level and academic behaviors. Results: Students were more likely to skip class after engaging in HED-only or HID the previous day. On weekdays, students spent more time on schoolwork when they did not drink the previous day and spent less time on schoolwork when they engaged in HED-only and HID the previous day. On weekends, students spent less time on schoolwork after HED-only days. Conclusions: Heavy drinking is associated with lower academic effort the next day, highlighting the need for college programs targeting heavy alcohol use prevention and daily decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Allen
- The Methodology Center, Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian H Calhoun
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Psihogios AM, Rabbi M, Ahmed A, McKelvey ER, Li Y, Laurenceau JP, Hunger SP, Fleisher L, Pai AL, Schwartz LA, Murphy SA, Barakat LP. Understanding Adolescent and Young Adult 6-Mercaptopurine Adherence and mHealth Engagement During Cancer Treatment: Protocol for Ecological Momentary Assessment. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e32789. [PMID: 34677129 PMCID: PMC8571686 DOI: 10.2196/32789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer demonstrate suboptimal oral chemotherapy adherence, increasing their risk of cancer relapse. It is unclear how everyday time-varying contextual factors (eg, mood) affect their adherence, stalling the development of personalized mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Poor engagement is also a challenge across mHealth trials; an effective adherence intervention must be engaging to promote uptake. OBJECTIVE This protocol aims to determine the temporal associations between daily contextual factors and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) adherence and explore the proximal impact of various engagement strategies on ecological momentary assessment survey completion. METHODS At the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, AYAs with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoma who are prescribed prolonged maintenance chemotherapy that includes daily oral 6-MP are eligible, along with their matched caregivers. Participants will use an ecological momentary assessment app called ADAPTS (Adherence Assessments and Personalized Timely Support)-a version of an open-source app that was modified for AYAs with cancer through a user-centered process-and complete surveys in bursts over 6 months. Theory-informed engagement strategies will be microrandomized to estimate the causal effects on proximal survey completion. RESULTS With funding from the National Cancer Institute and institutional review board approval, of the proposed 30 AYA-caregiver dyads, 60% (18/30) have been enrolled; of the 18 enrolled, 15 (83%) have completed the study so far. CONCLUSIONS This protocol represents an important first step toward prescreening tailoring variables and engagement components for a just-in-time adaptive intervention designed to promote both 6-MP adherence and mHealth engagement. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32789.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Psihogios
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mashfiqui Rabbi
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annisa Ahmed
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elise R McKelvey
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yimei Li
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Stephen P Hunger
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Linda Fleisher
- Health Communications and Health Disparities, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ahna Lh Pai
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lisa A Schwartz
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susan A Murphy
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lamia P Barakat
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Changes in psychological distress after first vaginal intercourse in late adolescence. J Adolesc 2021; 89:213-216. [PMID: 34030022 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although early sexual intercourse may be associated with increased depressive symptoms, little research has examined whether first intercourse in late adolescence is associated with changes in mental health. METHODS This paper uses 3 years of longitudinal data from previously sexually abstinent late adolescent students at a large state university in the northeastern United States (N = 144, 53.5% male, M age = 18.5 years old, 47.2% White, 26.4% Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 20.1% Hispanic/Latino, 18.1% Black/African American) to examine whether levels of psychological distress changed after first intercourse. RESULTS Students' distress decreased after first intercourse, although this effect was only significant two or more semesters after first intercourse. There were no gender differences in these associations. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest first intercourse was, on average, associated with decreased psychological distress for both male and female late adolescents.
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Jaffe AE, Duckworth J, Blayney JA, Lewis MA, Kaysen D. A Prospective Study of Predictors and Consequences of Hooking Up for Sexual Minority Women. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:1599-1612. [PMID: 33977424 PMCID: PMC8493811 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hooking up, which refers to a sexual encounter (ranging from kissing to penetrative sex) between individuals who are not in a committed relationship, is an increasingly normative form of sexual exploration among emerging adults. Past research has focused on hookups within a heteronormative context, and some of this work has examined hookups as a way to cope with distress. Building on this work, we examined the role of hookups as a means for lesbian and bisexual women to cope with minority stress through increasing connection and engagement with the LGBTQ (lesbian/gay/bisexual/transgender/queer or questioning) community. A nationally recruited sample of 520 lesbian and bisexual women ages 18 to 25 years completed questionnaires regarding their hookup behaviors as part of a longitudinal study. Childhood sexual abuse, posttraumatic stress symptoms, alcohol use, minority stress, and involvement and connectedness with the LGBTQ community were also assessed. First, regression analyses were used to examine baseline predictors of hookup behaviors reported at a 12-month follow-up. Findings revealed that alcohol use was associated with a greater likelihood of any subsequent hookups, and individuals reporting more minority stress subsequently hooked up with more partners. Second, hookup behaviors at 12 months were examined as predictors of outcomes at a 24-month follow-up, after controlling for baseline variables. Findings revealed that hookup behaviors were associated with reduced minority stress as well as increased involvement with and connectedness to the LGBTQ community, suggesting hookups may serve a protective function. Overall, findings support the notion that, for sexual minority women, hookups may operate as a means of coping and connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Jaffe
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA.
| | - Jennifer Duckworth
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Greene KM, Maggs JL. Longitudinal Change in Alcohol Use and Motivations for Drinking Among Asian American College Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 44:2109-2117. [PMID: 33460235 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian Americans are understudied in the literature on alcohol, due to data limitations and the perception that they are at low risk for alcohol misuse. Yet, certain subpopulations-such as college students-may be at higher risk. The current study examined longitudinal change in alcohol use and motivations for drinking among Asian American students. We tested for differences by nativity status, ethnic origin, and gender and examined whether motivations covaried with alcohol use. METHODS Asian American first-year college students (N = 199, 45.7% female, 37.7% foreign-born) attending a US university were identified through stratified random sampling using registrar information. For 7 consecutive semesters, students completed online surveys about their behaviors and beliefs. RESULTS Multilevel models demonstrated that alcohol use and alcohol-related motivations increased over time. US-born students consistently consumed more alcoholic drinks, reached higher peak drinking levels, and drank more frequently than foreign-born students; however, motivations did not differ by nativity status. Chinese American students consumed less alcohol, drank less, and were more motivated to avoid alcohol-related consequences than students of other/multiple heritage ethnic origins. Each motivation subscale was associated with alcohol use at the between-person level. Likewise, within-person variability in motivations was linked to variability in drinking across semesters. Controlling for other motivations, drinking for fun emerged as the strongest correlate of alcohol use variability. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol misuse was highest among US-born students and those with higher motivations for drinking. Furthermore, alcohol use varied in tandem with motivations, suggesting that motivations may be a useful intervention target among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M Greene
- From the, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, (KMG), Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, (JLM), The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Duckworth JC, Rhew IC, Fairlie AM, Patrick ME, Schulenberg JE, Maggs JL, Lee CM. Transitions Catalyst Model: Testing within- and between-Person Associations between Social Relationships and Alcohol Use, Motives, and Consequences among Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1411-1420. [PMID: 34126857 PMCID: PMC8827109 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1928207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Transitions Catalyst Model suggests increased drinking during young adulthood is due to the notion that alcohol facilitates friendships and romantic/sexual relationships during a developmental period when these relationships are highly valued. However, little research has tested the utility of this model. We examined (1) whether young adults reported greater drinking and related consequences on months when friendships were more important to them or when they were dating casually, and (2) the extent to which social drinking motives explain these associations on a given month. Methods: Data were drawn from 752 young adults (ages 18-23 at screening) living in the Seattle, WA area (56.4% female). For 24 consecutive months, surveys assessed past month alcohol use and consequences, social drinking motives, friendship importance, and dating/relationship status. Bayesian multilevel models were conducted, adjusting for time-fixed and time-varying covariates. Results: Analyses included 11,591 monthly observations. Between-persons, greater average friendship importance was associated with greater drinking. On months when participants reported greater friendship importance than their own average, they reported greater drinking and alcohol consequences. Those who reported more months of casual dating reported greater drinking and consequences on average. Relative to casual dating months, participants reported less drinking during months they were single or in a relationship and fewer consequences during months in a relationship. Associations were partially accounted for by social motives. Discussion: Findings support the Transitions Catalyst Model. Effective strategies for reducing drinking and associated risks among young adults include brief interventions focused on how social drinking motives and relationships relate to drinking decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Duckworth
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Isaac C Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne M Fairlie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John E Schulenberg
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Li S, Psihogios AM, McKelvey ER, Ahmed A, Rabbi M, Murphy S. Microrandomized trials for promoting engagement in mobile health data collection: Adolescent/young adult oral chemotherapy adherence as an example. CURRENT OPINION IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2020; 21:1-8. [PMID: 32832738 PMCID: PMC7437990 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term engagement with mobile health (mHealth) apps can provide critical data for improving empirical models for real-time health behaviors. To learn how to improve and maintain mHealth engagement, micro-randomized trials (MRTs) can be used to optimize different engagement strategies. In MRTs, participants are sequentially randomized, often hundreds or thousands of times, to different engagement strategies or treatments. The data gathered are then used to decide which treatment is optimal in which context. In this paper, we discuss an example MRT for youth with cancer, where we randomize different engagement strategies to improve self-reports on factors related to medication adherence. MRTs, moreover, can go beyond improving engagement, and we reference other MRTs to address substance abuse, sedentary behavior, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University
| | - Alexandra M. Psihogios
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
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Waterman EA, Lefkowitz ES. Does Alcohol Use in Large Group Contexts Mediate the Association Between Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies and Rape? VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:195-209. [PMID: 32273377 PMCID: PMC8630672 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Women who hold positive beliefs about alcohol's role in sexual experiences may be more likely to drink alcohol in large group contexts such as bars and parties than other women. These contexts may confer risk for rape. In the current article, we examined the association between sex-related alcohol expectancies and rape during college, and whether drinking in large group contexts mediates this association. College women completed surveys for seven consecutive semesters. Contrary to previous cross-sectional research, women with more positive sex-related alcohol expectancies at the start of college and women who drank alcohol more frequently in large groups at the start of college were no more likely to experience rape during college. Longitudinal research is critical to identify risk factors that may be targeted for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Connecticut
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18
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Waterman EA, Wesche R, Leavitt CE, Lefkowitz ES. Fraternity Membership, Traditional Masculinity Ideologies, and Impersonal Sex: Selection and Socialization Effects. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2020; 21:58-68. [PMID: 32025223 DOI: 10.1037/men0000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fraternity culture perpetuates traditional masculinity ideologies, but little research has considered the process by which men internalize these ideologies. Men may select into fraternities based on preexisting ideologies, or fraternities may have a socializing effect on ideologies. We used two longitudinal datasets to explore selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on masculinity ideologies (gendered beliefs, gendered traits, and sexual double standard beliefs) and impersonal sex (sexual motives and multiple sex partners) among ethnically and racially diverse college men. Using dataset one (n = 166, M = 18.0 years old fall of first year), we explored the selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on male role norms, masculine traits, and endorsement of the sexual double standard. Men who more strongly endorsed male role norms about status and the sexual double standard were more likely to join fraternities than other men, indicating selection effects. Using dataset two (n = 256, M = 18.5 years old fall of first year), we explored selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on sex motives and multiple sex partners. We did not find much evidence for selection or socialization effects on sex motives and multiple sex partners. Our findings may inform intervention efforts for men before and during college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, 213 McConnell Hall, 15 Academic Way, Durham, NH, 03824,
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut
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Greene KM, Maggs JL. Drinking, Social Abstaining, and Refusing Invitations: Demographic Differences Persist Across College. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:203-211. [PMID: 31691982 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and misuse are prevalent on many college campuses. The current study examined participation in college environments where alcohol is present and being consumed. We documented students' alcohol consumption, social abstaining (i.e., attending an alcohol-present event, but not drinking), and refusing invitations to drinking events. We tested for differences by parental education, immigrant status, race-ethnicity, and gender. We charted longitudinal change across college. METHODS First-year students attending a large public US university (n = 681, 18% first-generation college student, 16% first-generation immigrant, 73% racial-ethnic minority group member, 51% women) were recruited and followed longitudinally for 7 semesters. Each semester, students completed up to 14 daily surveys; responses were aggregated to the semester level (n = 4,267). RESULTS Multilevel logistic regression models demonstrated that first-generation college students were less likely to drink and refuse invitations to drinking events than students with a college-educated parent (Adjusted Odds Ratios [AORs]: 0.66, 0.72, respectively). Similarly, first-generation immigrants were less likely to drink, socially abstain, and refuse invitations (AORs: 0.58 to 0.73). Compared with White students, Black and Asian American students were less likely to drink (AORs: 0.55, 0.53) and refuse invitations to drinking events (AORs: 0.68, 0.66). The proportion of days spent drinking increased across college, and refusing invitations was the most common at the start and end of college. CONCLUSIONS First-generation college students, first-generation immigrant students, and Black and Asian students participated less in prodrinking environments during college. These findings indicate that on drinking and nondrinking days, students' participation in alcohol-present situations differed by background. Furthermore, our results indicate that the students who are most likely to refuse invitations to drinking events are the same students who drink most frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin M Greene
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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20
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Lefkowitz ES, Vasilenko SA, Wesche R, Maggs JL. Changes in Diverse Sexual and Contraceptive Behaviors Across College. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2019; 56:965-976. [PMID: 30071171 PMCID: PMC6411451 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1499854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have made repeated calls for a better understanding of normative sexuality development during adolescence and young adulthood. We examined how the occurrence of seven penetrative, nonpenetrative, and contraceptive behaviors changed longitudinally across seven waves, and how individual (gender) and contextual (romantic relationship status) factors related to these changes in a sample of college students (N = 730, M age = 18.4 at Semester 1; 51% female; 26% Hispanic/Latino American, 22% Black/African American, 30% Asian American/Pacific Islander, 45% White/European American). Across college, reported kissing, touching, performing and receiving oral sex, and penetrative sex rates increased, and contraception use (any type) and condom use (in particular) rates decreased, demonstrating changes with age independent of young adults' romantic relationship experiences. Rates of all sexual behaviors were higher, and of contraception use lower, when students were in serious romantic relationships. Contraception use decreased more for men than for women, particularly in semesters men were not in serious relationships. Condom use decreased for men, and for women in semesters they were in serious relationships. Findings demonstrate normative trends in sexuality development, as well as suggesting the value of enhanced sexual health promotion programming, with a particular focus on contraceptive behaviors, across college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd., Unit 1058, Storrs, CT 06269-1058, USA, , Phone: 860-486-6420
| | - Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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21
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Garcia TA, Litt DM, Davis KC, Norris J, Kaysen D, Lewis MA. Growing Up, Hooking Up, and Drinking: A Review of Uncommitted Sexual Behavior and Its Association With Alcohol Use and Related Consequences Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1872. [PMID: 31551844 PMCID: PMC6736570 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hookups are uncommitted sexual encounters that range from kissing to intercourse and occur between individuals in whom there is no current dating relationship and no expressed or acknowledged expectations of a relationship following the hookup. Research over the last decade has begun to focus on hooking up among adolescents and young adults with significant research demonstrating how alcohol is often involved in hooking up. Given alcohol’s involvement with hooking up behavior, the array of health consequences associated with this relationship, as well as its increasing prevalence from adolescence to young adulthood, it is important to determine the predictors and consequences associated with alcohol-related hooking up. The current review extends prior reviews by adding more recent research, including both qualitative and experimental studies (i.e., expanding to review more diverse methods), research that focuses on the use of technology in alcohol-related hookups (i.e., emerging issues), further develops prevention and intervention potentials and directions, and also offers a broader discussion of hooking up outside of college student populations (i.e., expanding generalization). This article will review the operationalization and ambiguity of the phrase hooking up, the relationship between hooking up and alcohol use at both the global and event levels, predictors of alcohol-related hooking up, and both positive and negative consequences, including sexual victimization, associated with alcohol-related hookups. Throughout, commentary is provided on the methodological issues present in the field, as well as limitations of the existing research. Future directions for research that could significantly advance our understanding of hookups and alcohol use are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey A Garcia
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
| | - Dana M Litt
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jeanette Norris
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Debra Kaysen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Melissa A Lewis
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems, School of Public Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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22
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Govender K, Cowden RG, Asante KO, George G, Reardon C. Sexual Risk Behavior: a Multi-System Model of Risk and Protective Factors in South African Adolescents. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 20:1054-1065. [PMID: 31041644 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual risk behavior has typically been studied within singular, isolated systems. Using a multi-system approach, this study examined a combination of individual, proximal, and distal factors in relation to sexual risk behavior among adolescents. A large cross-sectional sample of 2561 adolescent (Mage = 14.92, SDage = 1.70) males (n = 1282) and females in Grades 8 (n = 1225) and 10 completed a range of self-report measures. Hierarchical ordinal logistic regression results supported a multi-system perspective of adolescent sexual risk behavior. Although individual and peer levels were identified as the primary contributors to the final model, a range of factors at varying levels of proximity to the individual were associated with sexual risk behavior. Specifically, being male, black, attaining increased age, greater alcohol use (individual level), parent risk behavior (family/home level), and peer risk behavior, feeling more pressure from peers to have sex (peer level), and lower social cohesion (community level) were associated with increased sexual risk behavior. These findings suggest multiple individual, proximal, and distal factors are salient to understanding sexual risk behavior among adolescents. Implications of the findings for interventions targeting the prevention of adolescent sexual risk behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaymarlin Govender
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Richard G Cowden
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, Free State, 9301, South Africa
| | | | - Gavin George
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Candice Reardon
- Health Economics and HIV and AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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23
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Linden-Carmichael AN, Calhoun BH, Patrick ME, Maggs JL. University students use fewer protective behavioural strategies on high-intensity drinking days. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:302-305. [PMID: 31553497 PMCID: PMC6764429 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS High-intensity drinking (HID), or consuming 8+ (10+) drinks in one sitting for women (men), is associated with significant harm. We compared the likelihood of individuals using protective behavioural strategies (PBS) on days with varying levels of drinking (HID, heavy episodic-only drinking [4-7/5-9 drinks for women/men], moderate drinking [1-3/1-4 drinks]). DESIGN AND METHODS We used an intensive repeated measures longitudinal design with four 14-day measurement bursts across 2 years (N = 258 university students [50.0% female, average age of 19.95 (SD = 0.41) years] who provided 3176 daily drinking reports). Each drinking day, participants reported the amount of alcohol consumed and whether they used PBS. RESULTS Multilevel models indicated that, relative to heavy episodic drinking-only days, students were more likely to use strategies of avoiding drinking too quickly on moderate drinking days (odds ratio = 1.90, confidence interval 1.50-2.40) but less likely on HID days (odds ratio = 0.38, confidence interval 0.29-0.48). Relative to heavy episodic drinking-only days, students were less likely to use strategies to protect themselves from serious harm on moderate days (odds ratio = 0.53, confidence interval 0.41-0.67) and equally likely on HID days (odds ratio = 0.84, confidence interval 0.93-1.41). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Despite elevated risk for alcohol-related harms when drinking most heavily, PBS may be under-utilised on higher-risk drinking occasions. In light of prior work supporting the effectiveness of PBS at reducing harms on HID days, increasing PBS should be emphasised in future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Linden-Carmichael
- Biobehavioral Health and the Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Brian H Calhoun
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute of Child Development and Institute for Translational Research in Children's Mental Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Hussong AM, Langley HA, Rothenberg WA, Coffman JL, Halberstadt AG, Costanzo PR, Mokrova I. Raising Grateful Children One Day at a Time. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2019; 23:371-384. [PMID: 31983871 PMCID: PMC6980353 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2018.1441713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined micro-developmental processes related to the socialization of children's gratitude. Specifically, we tested whether parents who engage in more frequent daily socialization practices targeting children's gratitude reported more frequent displays of gratitude by their children after controlling for potential confounds (i.e., parents' own gratitude, sensitive parenting, and children's socio-emotional functioning). The sample of 101 parent-child dyads completed a baseline lab visit followed by a seven-day diary study. Using multi-level modeling, we found that parents who engaged in more frequent gratitude socialization acts (versus parents with fewer socialization acts) reported more frequent displays of gratitude by their children across the seven-day period (a between-dyad effect). We also found that on days when a parent engaged in more socialization acts than usual (versus days when that parent engaged in fewer acts than usual) parents reported relative increases in gratitude displays by their children (a within-dyad effect). These findings show that parent socialization acts are associated with children's displayed gratitude and point to the need for future work to explore reactive and proactive parent-child interactions that may underlie these associations as well as associations between micro-developmental and macro-developmental processes.
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25
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Greene KM, Maggs JL. Immigrant paradox? Generational status, alcohol use, and negative consequences across college. Addict Behav 2018; 87:138-143. [PMID: 30029161 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined linkages between generational status, alcohol use, wanting to get drunk, and negative alcohol-related consequences during college. We tested whether immigrant students' longitudinal alcohol use trajectories converged to dominant unhealthy patterns or whether immigrant students maintained healthier patterns across college. We also examined if the weekend exerted equal risk for students of different generations. Furthermore, we explored whether patterns were consistent among Latinx and Asian American students. Stratified random sampling identified first-year students attending a US college. A longitudinal daily diary design was used; students completed web-based surveys for up to 14 days within each of 7 semesters. Each day, participants (N = 689; n1st generation = 114; n2nd generation = 244; 51% female) reported their alcohol use and consequences (N = 55,829 days). Multi-level models demonstrated that compared to 3rd generation students, 1st generation students were more likely to abstain from alcohol and less likely to binge drink and want to get drunk. First generation students also experienced fewer negative alcohol-related consequences. The protective effect of being 1st generation was maintained across college semesters, with subgroup analyses focusing on Latinx and Asian American students largely supporting the main findings. However, for abstaining and negative consequences, the weekend effect was less pronounced for immigrants than later generation students. For example, the difference in negative consequences between 1st (vs. 3rd) generation students was largest on the weekend. Additional work is needed to understand how 1st generation students leverage protective factors to abstain from alcohol use even when exposed repeatedly to "wet" drinking environments.
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26
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Lefkowitz ES, Wesche R, Picci G, Hochgraf AK. Daily Associations Between Kissing and Affect During the Transition From Adolescence to Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:779-785. [PMID: 29927006 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kissing during late adolescence and the transition to adulthood is prevalent, relatively frequent, and distinct from many sexual behaviors in that it affords positive consequences with minimal risk. In this study, we examined within-person associations between kissing and day-to-day variation in affect. A racially/ethnically diverse sample of college students (N = 560; 54.1% female) completed up to 14 daily surveys for seven consecutive semesters. On days when students kissed, they reported more positive and less negative affect than on other days, after controlling for a number of known correlates. Findings differed at the semester- and person levels. Findings contribute to a normative developmental understanding of sexual behaviors during adolescence and the transition to adulthood.
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27
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Florimbio AR, Brem MJ, Garner AR, Grigorian HL, Stuart GL. Alcohol-related sex expectancies explain the relation between alcohol use and sexting among college students. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Linden-Carmichael AN, Calhoun BH, Patrick ME, Maggs JL. Are protective behavioral strategies associated with fewer negative consequences on high-intensity drinking days? Results from a measurement-burst design. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2018; 32:904-913. [PMID: 30359044 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is prevalent among college students and associated with harms. However, many students engage in "high-intensity drinking" (HID) by drinking at thresholds beyond HED. HID relative to HED-only is associated with elevated risk for acute and severe negative consequences. When used, protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are shown to help drinkers limit their drinking and lower their odds of experiencing consequences. This study assessed whether PBS use was associated with reduced consequences on occasions college students engaged in HID relative to HED-only. Data were from a longitudinal measurement-burst design (14-day bursts across 4 semesters) from 256 college students who engaged in HID on at least 1 reported day, yielding 2,352 daily drinking reports. Participants reported the number of standard drinks consumed on each day and, on days with 1+ drinks, whether they used PBS and experienced a variety of negative drinking-related consequences. Three-level multilevel models revealed that on days when students used manner of drinking PBS there was a weaker association between HID and passing out from drinking. On days students used serious harm reduction PBS there was a weaker association of HID with having no one sober enough to drive and experiencing regretted sexual behaviors. Use of some PBS may help college students reduce harms on HID occasions relative to HED-only occasions. Interventions should promote use of planning strategies to minimize harm, especially on HID occasions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Calhoun
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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29
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Dir AL, Andrews AR, Wilson SM, Davidson TM, Gilmore AK. The Role of Sex-Related Alcohol Expectancies in Alcohol-Involved Consensual and Nonconsensual Sex Among Women of Asian/Pacific Islander and Women of European Race/Ethnicity. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2018; 55:850-862. [PMID: 28933955 PMCID: PMC5927850 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1366411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-involved sexual experiences, including incapacitated sexual assault and alcohol-involved sex, are major public health concerns among college women. Further, racial/ethnic diversity among college students is increasing, particularly with regard to increases in college students of Asian/Pacific Islander (API) race/ethnicity. Of relevance, evidence suggests differences in sexual assault rates across ethnicities and cultures; however, no known study to date has examined differences by ethnicity and first language in expectancies and experiences specifically surrounding alcohol and sex. The current study sought to examine differences in incapacitated sexual assault, alcohol-involved sex, and heavy episodic drinking, as well as differences in sex-related alcohol expectancies among native English-speaking college women of European (EU) race/ethnicity, native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity, and non-native English-speaking women of API race/ethnicity (NNES-API). EU reported higher frequency of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol-involved sex, and incapacitated sexual assault compared to API and NNES-API. In addition, API reported more frequent alcohol-involved sex and incapacitated sexual assault compared to NNES-API, in part due to API's stronger endorsement of sexual disinhibition-related alcohol expectancies (indirect effects: β = -.04, p = .04, and β = -.07, p = .04, respectively). Findings highlight the important role of expectancies in acculturation and influence on actual alcohol-involved sex and sexual assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Dir
- a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Arthur R Andrews
- b Department of Psychology, Institute for Ethnic Studies , University of Nebraska-Lincoln
| | - Sarah M Wilson
- c Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center , Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham VA Health Care System
| | | | - Amanda K Gilmore
- e Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center , Medical University of South Carolina
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Rossheim ME, Krall JR, Painter JE, Thombs DL, Stephenson CJ, Suzuki S, Cannell MB, Livingston MD, Gonzalez-Pons KM, Wagenaar AC. Alcohol retail sales licenses and sexually transmitted infections in Texas counties, 2008-2015. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 44:678-685. [PMID: 29863903 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2018.1477944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that reduced retail alcohol outlet density may be associated with lower prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). On-premise sale of alcohol for immediate consumption is theorized as increasing social interactions that can lead to sexual encounters. OBJECTIVE We examined associations between on- and off-premise retail alcohol sales licenses and number of newly diagnosed HIV and STI cases in Texas counties. METHODS Retail alcohol sales license data were obtained from the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission. HIV and bacterial STI data were obtained from the Texas Department of State Health Services. Associations between retail alcohol sales licenses and STIs were estimated using spatial linear models and Poisson mixed effects models for over-dispersed count data. RESULTS Adjusting for county-specific confounders, there was no evidence of residual spatial correlation. In Poisson models, each additional on-premise (e.g., bar and restaurant) alcohol license per 10,000 population in a county was associated with a 1.5% increase (95% CI: 0.4%, 2.6%) in the rate of HIV and a 2.4% increase (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.0%) in the rate of bacterial STIs, adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, number of off-premise licenses (e.g., take-out stores) was inversely associated with the incidence of STI and HIV, although the association with HIV was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the limited literature on the association between retail alcohol availability and STIs. Additional research is needed on the role of alcohol availability (and policies affecting availability) in the spread of HIV and other STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Rossheim
- a Department of Global and Community Health , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA, USA
| | - Jenna R Krall
- a Department of Global and Community Health , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA, USA
| | - Julia E Painter
- a Department of Global and Community Health , George Mason University , Fairfax , VA, USA
| | - Dennis L Thombs
- b Department of Health Behavior and Health Systems , The University of North Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health , Fort Worth , TX, USA
| | - Caroline J Stephenson
- c Department of Environmental and Global Health , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL, USA
| | - Sumihiro Suzuki
- d Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , The University of North Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health , Fort Worth , TX, USA
| | - M Brad Cannell
- d Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , The University of North Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health , Fort Worth , TX, USA
| | - Melvin D Livingston
- d Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , The University of North Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health , Fort Worth , TX, USA
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31
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Vasilenko SA, Linden-Carmichael A, Lanza ST, Patrick ME. Sexual Behavior and Heavy Episodic Drinking Across the Transition to Adulthood: Differences by College Attendance. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2018; 28:473-487. [PMID: 29027304 PMCID: PMC5899061 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing literature on college students' sexual behaviors, little is known about how sexual behaviors, and their associations with alcohol, differ for college and noncollege attenders, and whether these patterns represent changes during college or an extension of pre-college behaviors. This paper applied time-varying effect models to data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine (1) prevalence of four sexual behaviors from ages 14 to 24 and (2) how their association with frequent heavy episodic drinking varied across these ages for college and noncollege attenders. Nonattenders have higher prevalence of all sexual behaviors than college attenders across most ages; however, the association between heavy episodic drinking and sexual behaviors is stronger for college attenders during ages 18-20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Ashley Linden-Carmichael
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Stephanie T. Lanza
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Lefkowitz ES, Wesche R, Leavitt CE. Never Been Kissed: Correlates of Lifetime Kissing Status in U.S. University Students. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:1283-1293. [PMID: 29464454 PMCID: PMC5893370 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kissing a partner occurs relatively early during adolescence. Thus, young adults who have never kissed are off-time from their peers. Substantial exploration in the areas of identity and intimacy occur during this period, and kissing may fulfill both of these functions, addressing autonomy and relatedness motives for sexual behaviors. We examined the prevalence and personal, contextual, and adjustment/health predictors of delayed onset of kissing. An ethnically and racially diverse sample of traditionally aged first year university students (N = 738; 50.7% female) completed online surveys. Only 14.2% of young adults had never kissed a partner on the lips. Compared to their peers who had kissed partners, young adults who had never kissed were more likely to be Asian-American, less likely to be in a romantic relationship, were less extraverted, were more likely to be in the Honors College, and drank alcohol less frequently. In bivariate models but not the multivariate model, young adults who had never kissed were more neurotic, had mothers who were less facilitating of independence, and had lower self-esteem. Findings inform understanding of normative sexuality development, and inform future research on normative and off-time sexual behaviors in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd., Unit 1058, Storrs, CT, 06269-1058, USA.
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Simons JS, Simons RM, Maisto SA, Hahn AM, Walters KJ. Daily associations between alcohol and sexual behavior in young adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:36-48. [PMID: 29389169 PMCID: PMC5798003 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We tested within-person effects of alcohol on sexual behavior among young adults in a longitudinal burst design (N = 213, 6,487 days) using data collected from a previously published parent study. We differentiated effects of alcohol on likelihood of sexual activity versus use of protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or pregnancy on intercourse occasions by testing a multilevel multinomial model with 4 outcomes (no sex, oral sex without intercourse, protected intercourse, and unprotected intercourse). At the within-person level, effects of alcohol were hypothesized to be conditional upon level of intoxication (i.e., curvilinear effect). We also tested effects of four between-person moderators: gender, typical length of relationship with sexual partners, and two facets of self-control (effortful control and reactivity). Consistent with our hypothesis, low-level intoxication was associated with increased likelihood of engaging in oral sex or protected intercourse (relative to no sex) but was not related to likelihood of unprotected intercourse. The effect of intoxication on unprotected versus protected intercourse was an accelerating curve, significantly increasing likelihood of unprotected intercourse at high levels of intoxication. Between-person factors moderated associations between intoxication and sexual behavior. Effects of intoxication on both protected and unprotected intercourse were diminished for individuals with more familiar sexual partners. Effortful control exhibited a protective effect, reducing the effects of intoxication on likelihood of unprotected intercourse. Hypothesized effects of reactivity were not supported. Intoxication was a stronger predictor of oral sex and protected intercourse (but not unprotected intercourse) for women relative to men. Results highlight the inherent complexities of the alcohol-sexual behavior nexus. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Simons
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Department of Psychology, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Raluca M. Simons
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Department of Psychology, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Stephen A. Maisto
- Syracuse University, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA
| | - Austin M. Hahn
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Department of Psychology, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Kyle J. Walters
- University of South Dakota, 414 East Clark St., Department of Psychology, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
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Patrick ME, Griffin J, Huntley ED, Maggs JL. Energy Drinks and Binge Drinking Predict College Students' Sleep Quantity, Quality, and Tiredness. Behav Sleep Med 2018; 16:92-105. [PMID: 27183506 PMCID: PMC5435568 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1173554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examines whether energy drink use and binge drinking predict sleep quantity, sleep quality, and next-day tiredness among college students. Web-based daily data on substance use and sleep were collected across four semesters in 2009 and 2010 from 667 individuals for up to 56 days each, yielding information on 25,616 person-days. Controlling for average levels of energy drink use and binge drinking (i.e., 4+ drinks for women, 5+ drinks for men), on days when students consumed energy drinks, they reported lower sleep quantity and quality that night, and greater next-day tiredness, compared to days they did not use energy drinks. Similarly, on days when students binge drank, they reported lower sleep quantity and quality that night, and greater next-day tiredness, compared to days they did not binge drink. There was no significant interaction effect between binge drinking and energy drink use on the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Patrick
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research,Address correspondence to: Megan E. Patrick, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. Phone 1-734-763-7107, Fax 1-734-936-0043,
| | - Jamie Griffin
- University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research
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Small ML, Waterman EA. Time Use During First Year of College Predicts Participation in High-Impact Activities During Later Years. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT DEVELOPMENT 2017; 58:954-960. [PMID: 29200615 PMCID: PMC5709808 DOI: 10.1353/csd.2017.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meg L Small
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, , , , 316A Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802
| | - Emily A Waterman
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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36
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Waterman EA, Wesche R, Leavitt CE, Jones DE, Lefkowitz ES. Long-distance dating relationships, relationship dissolution, and college adjustment. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2017; 5:268-279. [PMID: 29034134 PMCID: PMC5635840 DOI: 10.1177/2167696817704118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance dating relationships (LDDRs) and the dissolution of these relationships may have implications for day-to-day affect and behaviors. The current study examined the associations of relationship status, long-distance relationship dissolution, and daily location with daily positive affect, loneliness, university activity engagement, and alcohol use. College students ( n = 718, 51.5% female, 43.9% White/European American, 29.7% Asian/Asian American/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25.5% Hispanic/Latino American, and 21.7% Black/African American; M = 18.4 [0.4] years old) completed up to 14 consecutive daily diary surveys twice during their first year. Students in LDDRs had less positive affect and were lonelier when they were on campus than off campus and tended to engage in university activities on fewer days than other students. Daily affect and behavior did not differ depending on whether students dissolved or maintained their LDDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Rose Wesche
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Damon E Jones
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut
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Cunningham K, Martinez DA, Scott-Sheldon LAJ, Carey KB, Carey MP. Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2017; 26:353-366. [PMID: 29204066 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2017.1305934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with psychiatric disorders appear to be at increased risk for acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; however, little is known about the prevalence of behavioral risk factors in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Electronic database searches identified studies sampling adolescents diagnosed with psychiatric disorders and assessing both alcohol and sexual risk behaviors. Fourteen studies sampling 3,029 adolescents with psychiatric disorders were included. The majority of adolescents with psychiatric disorders report alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors. Risk reduction interventions targeting these two behaviors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlene Cunningham
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David A Martinez
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lori A J Scott-Sheldon
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael P Carey
- Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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38
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Wesche R, Lefkowitz ES, Vasilenko SA. Latent classes of sexual behaviors: Prevalence, predictors, and consequences. SEXUALITY RESEARCH & SOCIAL POLICY : JOURNAL OF NSRC : SR & SP 2017; 14:100-111. [PMID: 28163800 PMCID: PMC5283802 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-016-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Scholars of adolescent and emerging adult sexuality have recently begun to study how diverse patterns of sexual behaviors contribute to development and well-being. A person-oriented approach to studying sexual behaviors provides a nuanced understanding of sexual repertoires. The goals of this paper were to document patterns of sexual behaviors ranging from kissing to penetrative sex, and to examine how latent classes of behaviors, gender, and partner type (romantic vs. nonromantic) predict intra- and interpersonal consequences of sexual behaviors. Latent class analysis of a stratified random sample of U.S. college students revealed four classes of sexual behaviors: Kissing Only, Kissing and Touching, All Behaviors, and Oral and Penetrative Only. Compared to individuals in the All Behaviors class, individuals in the Kissing Only class were less likely to experience a positive or a negative intrapersonal consequence of sexual behaviors. Men were less likely to report a negative intrapersonal consequence than women were. Partner type predicted negative interpersonal consequences for the All Behaviors class. Implications are discussed in terms of normative sexual development, prevention, and sexual and relationship education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA
| | - Sara A. Vasilenko
- The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University State College, PA
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Academic time during college: Associations with mood, tiredness, and binge drinking across days and semesters. J Adolesc 2017; 56:24-33. [PMID: 28130974 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the amount of time American college students spent on academics and explored whether functioning indicators (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, tiredness, and binge drinking) rose and fell with academic time across days and semesters. College students (N = 735) were followed longitudinally and completed 14 daily diaries within each of 7 semesters (N = 56,699 days). The results revealed that academic time decreased slightly during the middle semesters and then increased in later semesters. Furthermore, on days when students spent more time on academics, they reported less positive affect, more tiredness, and less binge drinking; however, the strength and direction of associations depended on the analysis level and whether it was a weekend. Positive affect, for instance, was inversely associated with academics across days, but the reverse was true across semesters. These results emphasize the importance of considering the temporal context in research on adolescent and young adult time use.
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40
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Osberg TM, Boyer A. Dangerous Beliefs: College Alcohol Beliefs Are Associated With Increased Risk of Regretted Sexual Encounters. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:1555-1565. [PMID: 27459396 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2016.1188953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the relative impact of college alcohol beliefs (CABs; i.e., the extent to which the student views alcohol as part of the fabric of college life), descriptive norms, injunctive norms, positive alcohol expectancies, and sensation seeking on college students' (N = 415) risk for engaging in regretted sexual encounters (RSE). Overall, 12% of our sample reported having experienced RSE within the past 30 days. When pitted against the other traditional predictors of college student drinking and its consequences, such as positive alcohol expectancies, descriptive and injunctive norms, and sensation seeking, CABs emerged as the strongest correlate of RSE other than drinking itself, and explained significant additional variance in RSE beyond these other predictors. Mediation analyses revealed that CABs had a significant indirect effect on RSE through typical weekly drinking. This pattern of findings indicates that college alcohol beliefs are, from a public health perspective, dangerous beliefs, that warrant serious consideration in the development of new approaches to college student drinking and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Osberg
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
| | - Amber Boyer
- a Department of Psychology , Niagara University , Niagara University , New York , USA
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41
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The Association between Alcohol and Sexual Risk Behaviors among College Students: A Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016; 3:349-355. [PMID: 27896039 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alcohol use is prevalent among college students and may contribute to sexual risk behavior engagement. A narrative review of the recent empirical literature examining the association between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors among college student samples was conducted. The purpose of this review was to: (a) review studies examining the association between alcohol use and risky sexual behaviors; and (b) overview research investigating alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics as factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation among college students. RECENT FINDINGS Findings regarding the direct link between alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors were mixed. Results suggest a more nuanced association between alcohol and risky sexual behaviors that is influenced by alcohol expectancies and partner characteristics. SUMMARY Results highlight the importance of considering additional factors that may influence the alcohol-risky sex relation. Future interventions targeting alcohol-related sexual risk behavior engagement among college students are needed.
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Beckmeyer JJ. Non-intercourse and intercourse hookup intentions, drinking expectancies, and college students' heavy drinking. Subst Abus 2016; 38:245-248. [PMID: 27471988 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1214212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study tested the associations between college students' intentions to hookup (i.e., specifically intending to go out and engage in sexual behavior with a non-romantic partner) and self-reported heavy drinking. Further, social and sexual enhancement drinking expectancies were tested as moderators of those associations. METHODS College students (N = 235) reported (a) if they had specifically intended to hookup (reported separately for non-intercourse and intercourse hookup intentions) in the past 6 months; (b) social and sexual enhancement drinking expectancies; and (c) heavy drinking (a composite of past-30-day drinking frequency, typical amount consumed per drinking occasion, and how many times they got drunk). Data were analyzed using a hierarchical multiple regression (HMR), controlling for demographic variables. RESULTS Non-intercourse hookup intentions were positively associated with heavy drinking, but intercourse hookup intentions were not. Sexual but not social enhancement drinking expectancies moderated the associations between both types of hookup intentions and heavy drinking. Among those who had intended a non-intercourse hookup, heavy drinking was greater when they also reported high (+1 SD) sexual enhancement drinking expectancies. For intercourse hookup intentions, higher (+1 SD) sexual enhancement drinking expectancies were associated with less heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS Pursuing non-intercourse hookups appears to be associated with heavy drinking, but intercourse hookup intention is not. Sexual enhancement drinking expectancies moderated those associations. Thus, an interest in some types of casual sexual experiences may promote heavy drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Beckmeyer
- a Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington , Bloomington , Indiana , USA
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43
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Carey KB, Durney SE, Shepardson RL, Carey MP. Precollege Predictors of Incapacitated Rape Among Female Students in Their First Year of College. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 76:829-37. [PMID: 26562590 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The first year of college is an important transitional period for young adults; it is also a period associated with elevated risk of incapacitated rape (IR) for female students. The goal of this study was to identify prospective risk factors associated with experiencing attempted or completed IR during the first year of college. METHOD Using a prospective cohort design, we recruited 483 incoming first-year female students. Participants completed a baseline survey and three follow-up surveys over the next year. At baseline, we assessed precollege alcohol use, marijuana use, sexual behavior, and, for the subset of sexually experienced participants, sex-related alcohol expectancies. At the baseline and all follow-ups, we assessed sexual victimization. RESULTS Approximately 1 in 6 women (18%) reported IR before entering college, and 15% reported IR during their first year of college. In bivariate analyses, precollege IR history, precollege heavy episodic drinking, number of precollege sexual partners, and sex-related alcohol expectancies (enhancement and disinhibition) predicted first-year IR. In multivariate analyses with the entire sample, only precollege IR (odds ratio = 4.98, p < .001) remained a significant predictor. However, among the subset of sexually experienced participants, both enhancement expectancies and precollege IR predicted IR during the study year. CONCLUSIONS IR during the first year of college is independently associated with a history of IR and with expectancies about alcohol's enhancement of sexual experience. Alcohol expectancies are a modifiable risk factor that may be a promising target for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate B Carey
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sarah E Durney
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Robyn L Shepardson
- Syracuse Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, NewYork
| | - Michael P Carey
- The Miriam Hospital & Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Wells BE, Rendina HJ, Kelly BC, Golub SA, Parsons JT. Demographic Predictors of Event-Level Associations between Alcohol Consumption and Sexual Behavior. J Urban Health 2016; 93:155-69. [PMID: 26678072 PMCID: PMC4794469 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-015-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with sexual behavior and outcomes, though research indicates a variety of moderating factors, including demographic characteristics. To better target interventions aimed at alcohol-related sexual risk behavior, our analyses simultaneously examine demographic predictors of both day- and event-level associations between alcohol consumption and sexual behavior in a sample of young adults (N = 301) who are sexually active and consume alcohol. Young adults (aged 18-29) recruited using time-space sampling and incentivized snowball sampling completed a survey and a timeline follow-back calendar reporting alcohol consumption and sexual behavior in the past 30 days. On a given day, a greater number of drinks consumed was associated with higher likelihood of sex occurring, particularly for women and single participants. During a given sexual event, number of drinks consumed was not associated with condom use, nor did any demographic predictors predict that association. Findings highlight associations between alcohol and sexual behavior, though not between alcohol and sexual risk behavior, highlighting the need for additional research exploring the complex role of alcohol in sexual risk behavior and the need to develop prevention efforts to minimize the role of alcohol in the initiation of sexual encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Wells
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
- Center for Human Sexuality Studies, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA, 19013, USA
| | - H Jonathon Rendina
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
| | - Brian C Kelly
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, 700 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarit A Golub
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Doctoral Program in Basic and Applied Social Psychology, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Parsons
- Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), 142 W. 36th St., 9th Fl., New York, NY, 10018, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), 695 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Doctoral Program in Health Psychology and Clinical Science, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA.
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, The Graduate Center of CUNY, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY, 10034, USA.
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Rodriguez LM, Young CM, Tomkins MM, DiBello AM, Krieger H, Neighbors C. Friends in low places: The impact of locations and companions on 21st birthday drinking. Addict Behav 2016; 52:52-7. [PMID: 26363304 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present research examined how various locations and companions were associated with hazardous drinking during 21st birthday celebrations. The sample included 912 college students (57% female) who completed an online survey to examine 21st birthday drinking. Locations included bars, friends' houses, restaurants, outdoor barbecues, homes, parents' homes, and Fraternity/Sorority houses. Companions included friends, family members, casual acquaintances, roommates, significant others, Fraternity/Sorority members, and none (alone). Participants consumed an average of 7.6 drinks and reached an average eBAC of .15 during their 21st birthday celebrations. Locations accounted for 20%/18% of the variance in number of drinks and eBAC, respectively, whereas companions accounted for 23%/20% of the variance. Drinking with romantic partners was associated with less drinking, whereas drinking with Fraternity/Sorority members was associated with more drinking. Stepwise regressions combining locations and companions suggested that, overall, celebrating in a bar setting and with Fraternity and Sorority members were the strongest variables associated with drinking. With the exception of a bar setting, companions were the most important contextual factors associated with 21st birthday drinking.
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Maisto SA, Simons JS. Research on the Effects of Alcohol and Sexual Arousal on Sexual Risk in Men who have Sex with Men: Implications for HIV Prevention Interventions. AIDS Behav 2016; 20 Suppl 1:S158-72. [PMID: 26459332 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to describe and appraise the research evidence on the effects of acute alcohol intoxication and sexual arousal on sexual risk behaviors in men who have sex with men (MSM) and to examine its implications for design of HIV prevention interventions that target MSM. Toward that end, the paper begins with a discussion of research on sexual arousal in men and alcohol and their acute effects on sexual behaviors. This is followed by a review of empirical evidence on the combined acute effects of alcohol and sexual arousal in heterosexual men (the large majority of studies) and then in MSM. The empirical evidence and related theoretical developments then are integrated to derive implications for developing effective HIV prevention interventions that target MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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Vasilenko SA, Maas MK, Lefkowitz ES. "It felt good but weird at the same time": Emerging adults' first experiences of six different sexual behaviors. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2014; 30:586-606. [PMID: 26366039 DOI: 10.1177/0743558414561298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although sexual behavior is multidimensional, little research has focused on the experience of non-intercourse behaviors for adolescents and emerging adults. This paper uses open-ended coded data from a longitudinal study of college students (N = 346; Mean age = 18.5, 52% female, 27% Hispanic/Latino [HL], 25% non-HL European American, 23% non-HL Asian American, 16% non-HL African American, 9% non-HL Multiracial) to examine what emotional responses emerging adults report about their first experiences of six sexual behaviors. The four most common emotional reactions were happy, excited, fearful, and indifferent. Descriptions were largely positive, although mixed reactions were relatively common and emotional reactions varied by behavior. Results suggest the importance of including multiple types of sexual behaviors, as well as their possible positive and negative outcomes, in sexuality education programs.
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Revisiting the Time Trade-Off Hypothesis: Work, Organized Activities, and Academics During College. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:1623-37. [PMID: 25381597 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
How adolescents spend their time has long-term implications for their educational, health, and labor market outcomes, yet surprisingly little research has explored the time use of students across days and semesters. The current study used longitudinal daily diary data from a sample of college students attending a large public university in the Northeastern US (n = 726, M age = 18.4) that was followed for 14 days within each of seven semesters (for up to 98 diary days per student). The study had two primary aims. The first aim was to explore demographic correlates of employment time, organized activity time, and academic time. The second aim was to provide a rigorous test of the time trade-off hypothesis, which suggests that students will spend less time on academics when they spend more time on employment and extracurricular activities. The results demonstrated that time use varied by gender, parental education, and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, the results from multi-level models provided some support for the time trade-off hypothesis, although associations varied by the activity type and whether the day was a weekend. More time spent on employment was linked to less time spent on academics across days and semesters whereas organized activities were associated with less time on academics at the daily level only. The negative associations between employment and academics were most pronounced on weekdays. These results suggest that students may balance certain activities across days, whereas other activities may be in competition over longer time frames (i.e., semesters).
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Logan DE, Koo KH, Kilmer JR, Blayney JA, Lewis MA. Use of drinking protective behavioral strategies and sexual perceptions and behaviors in U.S. college students. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2014; 52:558-569. [PMID: 25350078 PMCID: PMC4412788 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2014.964167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use among college students is linked to an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behaviors, including casual sex and unprotected sex. These behaviors increase college students' risks for negative social and health-related consequences. This study examined the relationship between drinking behaviors and protective behavioral strategies (PBS), expectancies and perceptions of sexual risk, and actual alcohol-related sexual behaviors and consequences. Sexually active college students completed Web-based self-report measures of drinking behaviors and use of PBS, alcohol expectancies and perceptions of risk, and sexual behaviors and related consequences (n = 524; 57.1% women). Findings indicated that PBS were related to lower expectancies of sexual risk and sexual disinhibition, and among lighter drinkers, lower expectancies of sexual enhancement from alcohol. PBS were also related to decreased perceptions of sexual-related risks, some alcohol-related sexual behaviors, including number of drinks before/during sex, and number of sexual consequences, but were not related to abstaining during sex, frequency of alcohol-related sexual behaviors, or general condom use. These findings demonstrate a disconnect between perceived and actual risks among college students, such that decreased perceptions of risk may not be associated with protective behaviors. Prevention and intervention implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Logan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences; Brown University
| | - Kelly H. Koo
- Department of Mental Health; San Francisco VA Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jason R. Kilmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Washington
- Health & Wellness, Division of Student Life; University of Washington
| | | | - Melissa A. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; University of Washington
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