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Liu Q, Wang Z. Longitudinal Relationships among Parenting, Prosocial Behaviors, and Emotional Problems: Examining Between- and Within-Person Associations in Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02056-w. [PMID: 39095671 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Although bidirectional associations between parenting and adolescents' social and emotional outcomes have been investigated, how parental warmth and harsh parenting as two different parenting dimensions, adolescents' prosocial behaviors, and emotional problems were longitudinally and bidirectionally related at between- and within-person levels remains unclear. With a three-wave longitudinal design, the present study examined these associations by employing the random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. Data from 606 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.80 years, SD = 0.52, at T1; 45.7% girls) were collected at six-month intervals over one year, and participants completed questionnaires assessing their perception of parenting, prosocial behaviors, and emotional problems online. The results indicated that parental warmth and harsh parenting were significantly associated with adolescents' prosocial behaviors and emotional problems at the between-person level. At the within-person level, adolescents' more prosocial behaviors at T1 predicted later within-person decreases in their emotional problems at T2, which in turn predicted subsequent increased prosocial behaviors and more parental warmth at T3. Additionally, a higher level of harsh parenting at T2 unidirectionally predicted more adolescents' emotional problems at T3. These findings highlighted the developmental cascade processes among adolescents' prosocial behaviors, emotional problems, and parenting and the importance of fostering adolescents' prosocial behaviors in reducing their emotional problems and then promoting subsequent psychosocial adjustment and parent-child bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Liu
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Junla D, Yotanyamaneewong S. Cultural values, parenting and child adjustment in Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:559-567. [PMID: 38253263 PMCID: PMC11257820 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the associations of Thai parents' cultural values (i.e., individualism, collectivism and conformity) with parenting behaviour (i.e., warmth, autonomy granting, rules/limit-setting, knowledge solicitation and expectations regarding children's family obligations) and children's adjustment (i.e., internalising and externalising problems). These data were collected via child, mother and father reports when the children were 10 years old, on average. Mothers' individualism was correlated with more parental autonomy granting. Fathers' individualism was correlated with higher maternal expectations regarding children's family obligations. Parents' higher collectivism was correlated with more with parental warmth. Mothers' higher collectivism was also correlated with more parental knowledge solicitation, and fathers' higher collectivism was also associated with mothers' and fathers' higher expectations regarding children's family obligations. Fathers' higher conformity values were correlated with more parental autonomy granting and with fewer child internalising and externalising behaviours. However, after controlling for child gender, parent education and the other cultural values, mothers' and fathers' collectivism remained the only significant cultural value predicting parenting behaviours. Results advance understanding of relations between cultural values of Thai mothers and fathers and their parenting behaviours and children's adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daranee Junla
- Department of Psychology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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3
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Tong W, Jia J, Wang P, He W. The Associations Between Parental Phubbing, Adolescent Phubbing, and Adolescents' Adjustments: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1529-1541. [PMID: 38015353 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research indicates that phubbing can negatively influence adolescent development, it is not clear how perceived parental phubbing, adolescent phubbing, and adolescents' adjustment problems concurrently relate to each other at the dimension level. This study conducted the contemporaneous network analyses and cross-lagged network analysis to examine the distinct relationships between the various dimensions of perceived father phubbing, perceived mother phubbing, adolescent phubbing and adolescent's adjustment problems. A total of 1447 Chinese students (60.5% females; Mean age = 16.15, SD = 0.65) completed a survey at two-time points. The results of the contemporaneous network analyses indicated that perceived father/mother ignorance have the strongest links with the dimensions of adolescent phubbing and adolescents' adjustment problems, suggesting that adolescents who reported high levels of perceived father/mother ignorance are more likely to concurrently face other issues and thus should be a primary focus of concern. The cross-lagged panel network analysis revealed that academic burnout is the primary catalyst in this dynamic network, which underscores a child-driven effect within the network. This emphasizes the importance of addressing adolescent academic burnout as a pivotal intervention point, both to alleviate phubbing in parent-adolescent interactions and to tackle adolescents' adjustment problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tong
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jichao Jia
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Media and Communication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen He
- School of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Larrucea-Iruretagoyena M, Parent J, Orue I. Family-centered profiles of mindful parenting: Longitudinal associations with negative parenting and youth emotional and behavioral problems. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38889885 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
There has been great interest in analyzing the potential of mindful parenting in promoting family well-being. Studies indicated that there is a lack of research on the predictive relationship between parenting practice and youth emotional and behavioral problems analyzed from a multi-informant perspective. This study evaluates the family-centered profiles of mothers and fathers' mindful parenting and negative parenting and youth problems associated with those profiles. A total of 441 youths (aged 9-14 years), along with their parents, answered self-report questionnaires in a three-wave longitudinal study conducted over 1 year. A latent profile analysis was performed to examine the mindful parenting profiles and to identify their associations with youth emotional and behavioral problems and negative parenting as outcomes. The results of latent profile analyses supported a three-profile solution: low mindful parenting family (35%), high maternal mindful parenting family (24%), and average mindful parenting family (41%). The low mindful parenting family profile showed the highest scores on negative parenting and youth emotional and behavioral problems. The high maternal mindful parenting family profile had the lowest scores on youth negative outcomes but demonstrated similar levels to those of the average mindful parenting family profile regarding negative parenting. Our findings highlight the importance of analyzing specific family profiles that help to develop personalized interventions with optimized treatments regarding family cohesion and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin Parent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Izaskun Orue
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Lippold MA, Jenkins M, Ehrlich KB, Lee S, Almeida DM. Youth daily stressors predict their parents' wellbeing. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:55. [PMID: 39242795 PMCID: PMC11332016 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The experiences of family members are intertwined and the stressors of one family member may crossover to affect the wellbeing of others in the family as well. Prior studies have established that the stress experienced by one marital spouse can affect the wellbeing of their spouse and that parent stress can affect their children's wellbeing. This study used daily diary data from 318 parent-youth dyads (Mean age parent = 41.34, adolescent = 13.18) to examine whether youth daily stressors (i.e., interpersonal conflicts and demands), were associated with parent wellbeing and cortisol levels. Parents report more negative affect, more physical symptoms (i.e., headaches/fatigue/stomach problems), and exhibit higher bedtime cortisol levels on days when youth experience stressors. These effects were consistent across different types of youth stressors, including parent, family, and non-family stressors. Youth stress may have important implications for parent wellbeing.
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Grants
- Grant # U01AG027669 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- U01HD051218 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- U01HD051256 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- U01HD051276 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- The original Work Family Health Study was conducted as part of the Work, Family and Health Network (www.WorkFamilyHealthNetwork.org), which is funded by a cooperative agreement through the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Grant # U01HD051217, U01HD051218, U01HD051256, U01HD051276), National Institute on Aging (Grant # U01AG027669), Office of Behavioral and Science Sciences Research, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (Grant # U01OH008788, U01HD059773). Grants from the William T. Grant Foundation, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, and the Administration for Children and Families have provided additional funding. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of these institutes and offices. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Lippold
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Soomi Lee
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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Dănilă I, Balazsi R, Tăut D, Băban A, Foran HM, Heinrich N, Lachman JM, Hutchings J. Linking child adjustment difficulties with mother's maladaptive parental behavior: The mediating roles of parental cognitions and parenting stress. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38769912 DOI: 10.1111/famp.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Child abuse is prevalent worldwide, with most of the burden in developing countries. To reduce and prevent child abuse occurrence, many efforts are directed toward reducing maladaptive parental behaviors (MPBs), a predictor of parents' risk of engaging in child abusive behaviors. MPBs have been associated with child (e.g., behavioral difficulties) and parent characteristics (e.g., parenting stress and parental cognitions), although little research tested for mediational pathways. This study aimed to test the pathways through which child and parent characteristics are linked to MPB. Consistent with the social information processing model of parenting, we hypothesized that child behavioral difficulties would exert an indirect influence on MPB through parenting stress and that parenting stress will exert a direct and indirect effect on MPB through parental cognitions (i.e., expectations, attitudes, and attributions). This study used data from 243 mothers of children aged between 2 and 9 years in Romania. Two-stage structural equation modeling was employed to test the hypothesized model. Results support the role of child behavior, parenting stress, and parental cognitions in predicting MPB (R2 = 0.69). Significant indirect effects were found from child behavior to MPB via parenting stress and parental cognitions. Direct effects from parenting stress and parental cognitions to MPB were significant. Findings show that parenting stress and parental cognitions are important mechanisms through which child behavioral difficulties influence maladaptive parental behavior, underscoring the need to focus on these mechanisms when assessing or intervening with families at risk for child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dănilă
- Department of Psychology, Babeș Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Robert Balazsi
- Department of Psychology, Babeș Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Tăut
- Department of Psychology, Babeș Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Băban
- Department of Psychology, Babeș Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Heather M Foran
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Nina Heinrich
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamie M Lachman
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Judy Hutchings
- Centre for Evidence Based Early Intervention, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Folker AE, Deater-Deckard K, Lansford JE, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Rothenberg WA, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L. Intraindividual variability in parental acceptance-rejection predicts externalizing and internalizing symptoms across childhood/adolescence in nine countries. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2024; 38:333-344. [PMID: 37732955 PMCID: PMC10922063 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Parenting that is high in rejection and low in acceptance is associated with higher levels of internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems in children and adolescents. These symptoms develop and can increase in severity to negatively impact adolescents' social, academic, and emotional functioning. However, there are two major gaps in the extant literature: (a) nearly all prior research has focused on between-person differences in acceptance/rejection at the expense of examining intraindividual variability (IIV) across time in acceptance/rejection; and (b) no prior studies examine IIV in acceptance/rejection in diverse international samples. The present study utilized six waves of data with 1,199 adolescents' families living in nine countries from the Parenting Across Cultures study to test the hypotheses that (1) higher amounts of youth IIV in mother acceptance/rejection predict higher internalizing and (2) externalizing symptoms, and (3) that higher youth IIV in father acceptance/rejection predict higher internalizing, and (4) externalizing symptoms. Meta-analytic techniques indicated a significant, positive effect of IIV in child-reported mother and father acceptance/rejection on adolescent externalizing symptoms, and a significant positive effect of IIV in father acceptance/rejection on internalizing symptoms. The weighted effect for mother acceptance/rejection on internalizing symptoms was not statistically significant. Additionally, there was significant heterogeneity in all meta-analytic estimates. More variability over time in experiences of parental acceptance/rejection predicts internalizing and externalizing symptoms as children transition into adolescence, and this effect is present across multiple diverse samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Folker
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | | | | | | | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Division of Educational Sciences and Languages, University West
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Global Health, Duke Kunshan University
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Psychology, Maseno University
| | | | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Division of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, University West
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples "Federico II"
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- United Nations Children's Fund, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
| | - Lei Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau
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Han H. Using measurement alignment in research on adolescence involving multiple groups: A brief tutorial with R. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024; 34:235-242. [PMID: 37837225 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurement alignment adjusts factor loadings and intercepts across different groups to achieve measurement invariance, which assumes the equal measurement model is validated across different groups. It should be achieved for validly conducting analysis and comparison in studies involving multiple groups, such as cross-cultural or cross-national studies. In this paper, I presented how to conduct measurement alignment with R. In addition to measurement alignment, I explained how to perform the Monte Carlo simulation to test the consistency and validity of alignment results and factor score calculation to facilitate further statistical analysis. A tutorial R code that implements all described procedures is freely shared via GitHub to inform readers who intend to use the alignment technique in their research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Han
- Educational Psychology Program, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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9
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Fagan J, Cabrera N, Kobulsky J. Longitudinal associations between early risk and adolescent delinquency: Mediators, moderators, and main effects. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38111971 PMCID: PMC11187707 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple domains of risk are theorized to predict adolescent delinquency, father-specific risk in the context of other risks is under-researched. Using the low-income Future of Families and Child Wellbeing cohort (48% Black, 27% Hispanic, 21% White, 51% boy, N = 4,255), the current study addressed three research questions. (1) are father-, mother-, child-, and family-level cumulative risk during early childhood associated with adolescent delinquent behavior?, (2) does child self-control in middle childhood mediate the associations between fathers' and mothers' cumulative risk and adolescent delinquent behavior, and do quality of parent's relationships with children and parental monitoring in middle childhood mediate the association between child cumulative risk and delinquent behavior?, (3) do parenting, quality of parent-child relationships in middle childhood, and child sex at birth moderate the associations among fathers', mothers', children's, and family risk and adolescent delinquent behavior? Results indicated father, child, and mother risk at ages 3-5 were significantly and positively associated with youth-reported delinquent behavior. Higher levels of family risk were associated with less delinquency when 9-year-olds felt closer to fathers than when they felt less close. Children's self-control at age 9 mediated the associations between father and child risk and delinquent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Fagan
- Temple University, School of Social Work, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natasha Cabrera
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Julia Kobulsky
- Temple University, School of Social Work, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Orendain N, Ayaz A, Chung PJ, Bookheimer S, Galván A. Perceptions of neighborhood threat and caregiver support in early adolescence: Sex differences in neural and behavioral correlates in the ABCD study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106446. [PMID: 37704547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents, particularly racial and ethnic minorities, are at increased risk for neighborhood threat and violence exposure, which impacts behavioral and neural outcomes. Caregiver support is associated with healthy socioemotional adjustment and self-regulatory and coping behaviors; however, it remains unclear whether caregiver support, specifically, consolation, can moderate the behavioral and neural impacts of neighborhood threat. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the role of youth-perceived neighborhood threat on neural and behavioral correlates and to test the moderating potential of caregiver support. Sex differences in associations were examined. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 11,559 nine- and ten-year old youth enrolled in the multi-site Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at baseline. METHODS Associations were examined via linear regression models employing youth-perceived neighborhood threat and caregiver support. Regression and interaction models controlled for youth age, sex, race and ethnicity, primary caregiver's education, family income, family structure, youth-perceived school threat, and intracranial volume when examining neural outcomes. An ANOVA employing a Chi-square test and simple slopes analysis were used to identify significant interactions in moderation models. RESULTS Neighborhood threat is associated with structural alterations in the left amygdala (p = .004). Meanwhile, caregiver support interacts in a dose-response fashion with neighborhood threat to attenuate its relationship with left amygdala volume (p = .008). Among youth reporting neighborhood threat, problematic behaviors were more common (p < .0001). While not significant, males reported higher rates of neighborhood threat than females (p = .267). Females reported greater levels of caregiver support (p = .017). Lastly, racial and ethnic differences in neighborhood threat and caregiver support were evident (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS While youth may not have been exposed to direct or immediate sources of threat and violence, these findings shed light on the impact of neighborhood threat perception on problematic behaviors and amygdala volume among nine- and ten-year olds. Future research should identify other culturally inclusive sources and measures of support and resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Orendain
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aliza Ayaz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics and Health Policy & Management, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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Kado-Walton M, Vreeland A, Henry L, Gruhn M, Compas B, Garber J, Weersing VR. Racial/ethnic differences in parenting behaviors among depressed parents. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2023; 37:763-773. [PMID: 37358525 PMCID: PMC10613481 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Low parental warmth and high control are associated with parental depression and with the development of depression in children. The majority of this research, however, has focused on non-Hispanic White (NHW) parents. The present study tested whether parenting behaviors differed by race/ethnicity in a sample (N = 169) of parents with a history of depression. Participants were drawn from a randomized trial designed to prevent depression in at-risk adolescents (ages 9-15 years old). All participating parents had a current or past depressive episode within the youth's lifetime. Parents self-classified as 67.5% NHW, 17.2% Latinx (LA), and 15.4% Black (BL). Youths and parents completed standardized positive and negative interaction tasks; trained raters coded the videotaped interactions for parental warmth and control. Analyses examined the impact of race/ethnicity, current parent depression symptoms, context of the discussion (positive/negative task), and demographic covariates on observed parenting behaviors. Results revealed significant interactions among race/ethnicity, depression, and task type. Differences in warmth and control between racial/ethnic groups were more likely to be observed in negative interactions and when parents' depression symptoms were lower. In these circumstances, BL parents were rated as higher in control and lower in warmth than NHW parents. Results add to the literature on racial/ethnic differences in parenting among parents with a history of depression and highlight the importance of assessing parenting in context to capture more subtle patterns of interactions between parents and offspring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merissa Kado-Walton
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | - Allison Vreeland
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Lauren Henry
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Meredith Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Bruce Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - V. Robin Weersing
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology
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12
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Rothenberg WA, Bizzego A, Esposito G, Lansford JE, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP. Predicting Adolescent Mental Health Outcomes Across Cultures: A Machine Learning Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1595-1619. [PMID: 37074622 PMCID: PMC10113992 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health problems are rising rapidly around the world. To combat this rise, clinicians and policymakers need to know which risk factors matter most in predicting poor adolescent mental health. Theory-driven research has identified numerous risk factors that predict adolescent mental health problems but has difficulty distilling and replicating these findings. Data-driven machine learning methods can distill risk factors and replicate findings but have difficulty interpreting findings because these methods are atheoretical. This study demonstrates how data- and theory-driven methods can be integrated to identify the most important preadolescent risk factors in predicting adolescent mental health. Machine learning models examined which of 79 variables assessed at age 10 were the most important predictors of adolescent mental health at ages 13 and 17. These models were examined in a sample of 1176 families with adolescents from nine nations. Machine learning models accurately classified 78% of adolescents who were above-median in age 13 internalizing behavior, 77.3% who were above-median in age 13 externalizing behavior, 73.2% who were above-median in age 17 externalizing behavior, and 60.6% who were above-median in age 17 internalizing behavior. Age 10 measures of youth externalizing and internalizing behavior were the most important predictors of age 13 and 17 externalizing/internalizing behavior, followed by family context variables, parenting behaviors, individual child characteristics, and finally neighborhood and cultural variables. The combination of theoretical and machine-learning models strengthens both approaches and accurately predicts which adolescents demonstrate above average mental health difficulties in approximately 7 of 10 adolescents 3-7 years after the data used in machine learning models were collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Andrew Rothenberg
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- UNICEF, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Zhai S, Liu R, Pan L, He J. Maternal control and children's inhibitory control in China: The role of child exuberance and parenting contexts. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 229:105626. [PMID: 36696738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Parental control is widely considered to have a detrimental effect on children's psychological development. However, it is commonplace and generally accepted in China and is intended to regulate children's behavior. It is unclear whether Chinese parental control promotes or hinders children's inhibitory control (IC) development. This study investigated the influence of maternal control on Chinese children's development of IC using a longitudinal design (N = 163), with attention to the influence of children's temperamental exuberance and different parenting contexts. Children's exuberance (at 2 years of age) was assessed via laboratory observations. Maternal control (at 3 years of age) was coded during parent-child interaction in play-based and cleanup contexts. Children's IC (at 3 years of age) was assessed by day-night and snow-grass tasks. Results suggested that maternal control in the play-based context was negatively related to IC development. The association between maternal control in the cleanup context and IC varied in children with different levels of temperamental exuberance. Specifically, maternal control in the cleanup context impeded low-exuberant children's IC development but promoted it for highly exuberant children. These findings support the self-determination theory and the goodness-of-fit model and have implications for educational practice in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Zhai
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Laike Pan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Rothenberg WA, Sorbring E, Lansford JE, Peña Alampay L, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Giunta LD, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Tapanya S, Steinberg L, Maria Uribe Tirado L, Yotanyamaneewong S. Predicting child aggression: The role of parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression across 13 cultural groups in 9 nations. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:183-197. [PMID: 36565473 PMCID: PMC10105370 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression both predict the emergence of child aggression, but they are rarely studied together and in longitudinal contexts. The present study does so by examining the unique predictive effects of parent and child endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 on child aggression at age 9 in 1456 children from 13 cultural groups in 9 nations. Multiple group structural equation models explored whether age 8 child and parent endorsement of reactive aggression predicted subsequent age 9 child endorsement of reactive aggression and child aggression, after accounting for prior child aggression and parent education. Results revealed that greater parent endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 predicted greater child endorsement of aggression at age 9, that greater parent endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 uniquely predicted greater aggression at age 9 in girls, and that greater child endorsement of reactive aggression at age 8 uniquely predicted greater aggression at age 9 in boys. All three of these associations emerged across cultures. Implications of, and explanations for, study findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Rothenberg
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Mailman Center for Child Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Division of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E Lansford
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Suha M Al-Hassan
- Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- UNICEF, New York City, New York, USA
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK
| | - Lei Chang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Division of Social Work and Social Pedagogy, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health & Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Ann T Skinner
- Duke Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sombat Tapanya
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Buchanan CM, Zietz S, Lansford JE, Skinner AT, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan S, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K. Typicality and trajectories of problematic and positive behaviors over adolescence in eight countries. Front Psychol 2023; 13:991727. [PMID: 36817375 PMCID: PMC9930608 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.991727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the predictions of a storm and stress characterization of adolescence concerning typicality and trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and wellbeing from late childhood through late adolescence. Using data from the Parenting Across Cultures study, levels and trajectories of these characteristics were analyzed for 1,211 adolescents from 11 cultural groups across eight countries. Data were longitudinal, collected at seven timepoints from 8 to 17 years of age. Results provide more support for a storm and stress characterization with respect to the developmental trajectories of behavior and characteristics from childhood to adolescence or across the adolescent years than with respect to typicality of behavior. Overall, adolescents' behavior was more positive than negative in all cultural groups across childhood and adolescence. There was cultural variability in both prevalence and trajectories of behavior. The data provide support for arguments that a more positive and nuanced characterization of adolescence is appropriate and important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M. Buchanan
- Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Susannah Zietz
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Ann T. Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of Psychology, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sevtap Gurdal
- Centre for Child and Youth Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Adolescent Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Long
- Global Health, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Educational Psychology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | | | - Emma Sorbring
- Centre for Child and Youth Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sombat Tapanya
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Liane P. Alampay
- Department of Psychology, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), New York, NY, United States
- Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Kirby Deater-Deckard
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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16
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Pandey G, Kuo SIC, Horne-Osipenko KA, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, de Viteri SS, Kinreich S, Chorlian DB, Kuang W, Stephenson M, Kramer J, Anokhin A, Zang Y, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit M, Dick D, Chan G, McCutcheon VV, Edenberg H, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Porjesz B. Associations of parent-adolescent closeness with P3 amplitude, frontal theta, and binge drinking among offspring with high risk for alcohol use disorder. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36680783 PMCID: PMC10910630 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents impact their offspring's brain development, neurocognitive function, risk, and resilience for alcohol use disorder (AUD) via both genetic and socio-environmental factors. Individuals with AUD and their unaffected children manifest low parietal P3 amplitude and low frontal theta (FT) power, reflecting heritable neurocognitive deficits associated with AUD. Likewise, children who experience poor parenting tend to have atypical brain development and greater rates of alcohol problems. Conversely, positive parenting can be protective and critical for normative development of self-regulation, neurocognitive functioning and the neurobiological systems subserving them. Yet, the role of positive parenting in resiliency toward AUD is understudied and its association with neurocognitive functioning and behavioral vulnerability to AUD among high-risk offspring is less known. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1256, mean age [SD] = 19.25 [1.88]), we investigated the associations of closeness with mother and father during adolescence with offspring P3 amplitude, FT power, and binge drinking among high-risk offspring. METHODS Self-reported closeness with mother and father between ages 12 and 17 and binge drinking were assessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. P3 amplitude and FT power were assessed in response to target stimuli using a Visual Oddball Task. RESULTS Multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude (p = 0.002) and higher FT power (p = 0.01). Closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking (p = 0.003). Among male offspring, closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude, but among female offspring, closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking. These associations remained statistically significant with father's and mothers' AUD symptoms, socioeconomic status, and offspring impulsivity in the model. CONCLUSIONS Among high-risk offspring, closeness with parents during adolescence may promote resilience for developing AUD and related neurocognitive deficits albeit with important sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristina A. Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Stacey Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
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17
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Dijk WV, de Moor MHM, Oosterman M, Huizink AC, Matvienko-Sikar K. Longitudinal relations between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behaviors: Testing within-person changes, bidirectionality and mediating mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:942363. [PMID: 36590923 PMCID: PMC9800797 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.942363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parenthood can be experienced as a pleasant but challenging period for parents, possibly accompanied by parenting stress. Early parenthood in particular is a vulnerable period as many parents experience biological and psychosocial changes related to new parenthood. Previous studies have shown that parenting stress is related to child behavior problems, but few studies have investigated the transactional relations across time between parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing outcomes separately, examining within-person changes. The first aim of this study was to examine the transactional within-person associations of parenting stress and child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems across childhood from age 9 months to 9 years. As a second aim, we examined parenting as a possible underlying mechanism of the transactional associations by testing whether parental warmth and hostility mediate within-person associations of parenting stress and child behavior across time. Method Data were analyzed from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study including 7,208 caregiver-child dyads at wave 1 (child's age 9 months), who were followed at child's age three (wave 2), five (wave 3), and 9 years (wave 5). Primary caregiver's and child's age and gender, household income, occupational status, educational status, partner status, and cultural background were covariates assessed at all waves. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) in R-lavaan. Results Bidirectional relations between parenting stress and child behavior were found for both internalizing and externalizing behavior from age 5 to 9, but not for earlier time points. Discussion Our results did not indicate mediating effects of parental warmth or parental hostility in the associations between parenting stress and child behavior problems. Therefore, we conclude that parenting stress and child internalizing as well as parenting stress and child externalizing behaviors have transactional associations from child's age 5 to 9 years. Future research examining transactional associations of parenting stress and child behaviors should investigate possible other mediations taking a within-person approach by utilizing the RI-CLPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke Van Dijk
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marleen H. M. de Moor
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja C. Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Anderson SL, Goulter N, McMahon RJ. Examining the Directionality of the Relationship Between Maternal Warmth and Early School-Age Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1161-1173. [PMID: 34089434 PMCID: PMC8643364 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal warmth has been identified as a contributing factor to the development of child anxiety; however, no studies to date have examined observed maternal warmth longitudinally in this relationship. The present study addressed this knowledge gap by examining the simultaneous development of maternal warmth and child anxiety over time (between-person effects using latent growth curve modeling) and the directionality of associations (within-person effects using autoregressive latent trajectory modeling). Participants included 753 mothers and children. Between-person effects indicated that lower initial levels of anxiety were related to greater levels of maternal warmth over time. Within-person effects showed that maternal warmth in grade 1 predicted subsequent decreases in child anxiety in grade 2 (i.e., a parent effect). Present findings demonstrate the importance of maternal warmth in the early school-age years for decreasing subsequent child anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Anderson
- Department of Psychology, B.C. Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada,B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Natalie Goulter
- B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C., Canada
| | - Robert J. McMahon
- B.C. Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B. C., Canada
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19
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Kuo SIC, Poore HE, Barr PB, Chirico IS, Aliev F, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, McCutcheon VV, Plawecki MH, Dick DM. The role of parental genotype in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior: Evidence for genetic nurturance. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-11. [PMID: 36200344 PMCID: PMC10076450 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine possible pathways by which genetic risk associated with externalizing is transmitted in families. We used molecular data to disentangle the genetic and environmental pathways contributing to adolescent externalizing behavior in a sample of 1,111 adolescents (50% female; 719 European and 392 African ancestry) and their parents from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. We found evidence for genetic nurture such that parental externalizing polygenic scores were associated with adolescent externalizing behavior, over and above the effect of adolescents' own externalizing polygenic scores. Mediation analysis indicated that parental externalizing psychopathology partly explained the effect of parental genotype on children's externalizing behavior. We also found evidence for evocative gene-environment correlation, whereby adolescent externalizing polygenic scores were associated with lower parent-child communication, less parent-child closeness, and lower parental knowledge, controlling for parental genotype. These effects were observed among participants of European ancestry but not African ancestry, likely due to the limited predictive power of polygenic scores across ancestral background. These results demonstrate that in addition to genetic transmission, genes influence offspring behavior through the influence of parental genotypes on their children's environmental experiences, and the role of children's genotypes in shaping parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Holly E Poore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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20
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Iselin AMR, DiGiunta L, Lunetti C, Lansford JE, Eisenberg N, Dodge KA, Pastorelli C, Tirado LMU, Bacchini D, Thartori E, Fiasconaro I, Gliozzo G, Favini A, Basili E, Cirimele F, Remondi C, Skinner AT. Pathways from Maternal Harsh Discipline Through Rumination to Anxiety and Depression Symptoms: Gender and Normativeness of Harsh Discipline as Moderators. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:1313-1326. [PMID: 35870036 PMCID: PMC9979779 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined gender-specific longitudinal pathways from harsh parenting through rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms among early adolescents from three countries and six subgroups. Participants were 567 mothers, 428 fathers, and 566 children (T1: Mage = 10.89; 50% girls) from Medellín, Colombia (n = 100); Naples, Italy (n = 95); Rome, Italy (n = 99); Durham, North Carolina, United States (Black n = 92, Latinx n = 80, and White n = 100). Parent reported maternal and paternal harsh parenting were measured at T1. Adolescent reported rumination was measured at T2 (Mage = 12.58) and anxiety and depression symptoms were measured at T1 and T3 (Mage = 13.71). Rumination mediated the pathway from maternal harsh discipline to girls' anxiety and depression symptoms, controlling for baseline anxiety and depression symptoms. The more harsh discipline mothers used, the more their daughters ruminated, which in turn was associated with increased anxiety and depression symptoms. Exploratory moderated mediation analyses indicated that the strength of the mediational pathway from maternal harsh discipline through girls' rumination to anxiety and depression symptoms decreased as the normativeness of harsh parenting increased. Mediational pathways for boys and for paternal harsh discipline were not significant. Our findings expand knowledge on specific contexts in which rumination is a mechanism for understanding pathways to anxiety and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura DiGiunta
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Lunetti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Kenneth A Dodge
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | | | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Psychology Department, Federico II Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eriona Thartori
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Fiasconaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Gliozzo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ainzara Favini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Basili
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Cirimele
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Remondi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ann T Skinner
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, USA
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21
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Bin Eid W, Lim M, Gabrieli G, Kölbel M, Halstead E, Esposito G, Dimitriou D. Habilitation of sleep problems among mothers and their children with autism spectrum disorder: Insights from multi-level exploratory dyadic analyses. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:915060. [PMID: 36211831 PMCID: PMC9533106 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.915060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Few habilitation strategies for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) consider their sleep-related problems. Together with the fact that caregivers of children with ASD also face issues with sleep, there may be yet-to-be uncovered relationships between caregiver-child sleep patterns and sleep quality, offering a key opportunity for clinicians to consider the needs of both child and caregiver in terms of sleep. 29 dyads of mothers and their children with ASD were recruited for this cohort study and both subjective (self-report questionnaires and sleep diaries) and objective (cortisol samples and actigraphy) measures of sleep were collected to investigate significant predictors of sleep quality. Comparative, correlational, and hierarchical analyses were conducted. Findings indicated that both mother and child experience sleep deprivation in terms of shorter sleep duration and poor sleep quality in terms of longer sleep onset latencies and a higher frequency of wake bouts. Exploratory hierarchical analyses also found that child-related sleep difficulties such as sleep disordered breathing and night waking significantly predict mothers' sleep quality, which may point to the bi-directional influence of mother-child sleep. Based on these findings, it is recommended that clinicians adopt a family systems perspective and consider the sleep environment of the household, particularly that of the caregiver and child, when designing interventions for sleep-related problems in ASD. Finally, there is a need for additional support to promote good quality sleep among caregivers of children with ASD to bolster out-of-clinic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasmiah Bin Eid
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Melanie Kölbel
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Affiliative Behaviour and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Italy
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
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22
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Portnoy J, Bedoya A, Wong KKY. Child externalising and internalising behaviour and parental wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic. UCL OPEN ENVIRONMENT 2022; 4:e040. [PMID: 37228474 PMCID: PMC10208338 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study we surveyed families' experiences with parental depression, stress, relationship conflict and child behavioural issues during 6 months of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic through the Covid-19: Global Social Trust and Mental Health Study. The current analyses used data collected from online surveys completed by adults in 66 countries from 17 April 2020 to 13 July 2020 (Wave I), followed by surveys 6 months later at Wave II (17 October 2020-31 January 2021). Analyses were limited to 175 adult parents who reported living with at least one child under 18 years old at Wave I. Parents reported on children's level of externalising and internalising behaviour at Wave I. At Wave II, parents completed self-reported measures of stress, depression and inter-partner conflict. Child externalising behaviour at Wave I significantly predicted higher levels of parental stress at Wave II, controlling for covariates. Child internalising behaviour at Wave I did not predict parental stress or depression, controlling for covariates. Neither child externalising nor internalising behaviour predicted parental relationship conflict. The overall findings demonstrate that child behaviour likely influenced parental stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that mental health interventions for children and parents may improve the family system during times of disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Portnoy
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - AnaCristina Bedoya
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, University College London, UK
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23
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Zheng Y, McMahon RJ. Lability in Parental Warmth in Childhood: Antecedents and Early Adolescent Outcomes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022; 51:610-622. [PMID: 31670982 PMCID: PMC7190436 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1678166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Parenting and parent-child relationships change dramatically during development. One unique feature of developmental changes in parenting-lability-is associated with adolescent problem behaviors, above and beyond the general level and developmental trends of parenting. This study investigated lability in parental warmth in childhood, its associations with early adolescent adjustment, as well as antecedents in kindergarten: socioeconomic status (SES), parental depressive symptoms, and child problem behaviors. Method: Using longitudinal data from a large and racially diverse sample (N = 710, 46% urban Black, 58% male), parents reported their warmth annually from kindergarten to grade 5, as well as child externalizing and internalizing problems in grade 7. Teachers rated child social competence in grade 6. Results: Lability accounted for the majority of the variance in the year-to-year changes in parental warmth. Greater lability was associated with more internalizing problems and lower social competence. There was little evidence of the influence of child problem behaviors and parental depressive symptoms on lability. However, parents from lower-SES families showed greater lability in their warmth. Furthermore, lability partly explained the effects of SES on social competence in boys but not in girls, whereas the indirect effects of SES on internalizing problems through lability were significant in girls but not in boys. Conclusions: The findings highlight lability in parental warmth as a unique feature of the developmental changes in parenting in childhood, with linkages to adjustment in early adolescence. Family-based interventions should emphasize consistent parenting and provide stress management and coping skills for parents in order to reduce lability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert J. McMahon
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Lippold MA, Molenaar P, Chandler KD, Lee S, Almeida DM. Adolescent effects on mothers’ bedtime cortisol: Cognitive interference as a mediating mechanism. Stress Health 2022; 38:509-521. [PMID: 34766438 PMCID: PMC9255278 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that parent and adolescent cortisol are associated across days and that this covariation may be adolescent-driven. This study extends this literature by (a) testing whether parents' cognitive interference (i.e., distracting and ruminative thoughts potentially due to worry) mediates the linkages between adolescent and next-day parent cortisol and (b) whether these linkages were moderated by parent gender or warmth. Daily diary data, including bedtime cortisol, were collected on two samples of employees and their adolescent-aged children (N = 318 dyads, Myouth age = 13.18 years, 74% mothers). We tested mediation with autoregressive cross-lagged models. Moderated mediation by parent gender was found in our bedtime cortisol models. Higher adolescent bedtime cortisol levels were associated with higher next-day levels of mothers' cognitive interference. In turn, higher levels of mothers' cognitive interference were linked to higher mothers' same-day bedtime cortisol levels. These linkages were not significant for fathers. Cognitive interference did not mediate the associations between child and parent area under the curve or cortisol awakening response. No moderation was evident for parental warmth. Results suggest that mothers' cognitions play a key role in the transmission of elevated bedtime cortisol levels from adolescents to their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lippold
- The School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kelly D. Chandler
- Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Soomi Lee
- School of Aging Studies, The University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - David M. Almeida
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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25
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Roche KM, Lambert SF, Partovi R, Little TD. A longitudinal test of acculturative family distancing theory explaining latino/a/x adolescents' adjustment. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 81:101440. [PMID: 38283069 PMCID: PMC10812384 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to acculturative family distancing theory, adolescents' perceptions of cultural incongruencies with parents can diminish the quality of parent-adolescent relationships and, as a result, harm adolescent adjustment. Using four time points of data for a sample of 547 diverse Latino/a/x adolescents, this study examined how parent-adolescent relationship quality and acculturative family distancing were associated with changes in adolescent school performance and internalizing symptoms. At baseline, the school-based sample ranged from 11- to 14-years-old (M = 12.78) and included slightly more females (55%) than males (45%). Cross-lagged structural equation model results indicated that adolescent reports of greater acculturative family distancing were associated with adolescent perceived increases in parent-adolescent conflict and decreases in parental support. Conflict mediated associations between acculturative family distancing and decreased school performance. Associations between parent-child relationship qualities and Latino/a/x adolescent adjustment were bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Roche
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, USA
| | | | - Roushanac Partovi
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University, USA
| | - Todd D. Little
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Leadership, Texas Tech University and Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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26
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Ward KP, Lee SJ, Grogan-Kaylor AC, Ma J, Pace GT. Patterns of caregiver aggressive and nonaggressive discipline toward young children in low- and middle-income countries: A latent class approach. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105606. [PMID: 35349948 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caregivers use a variety of disciplinary methods to respond to undesired child behavior. Many caregivers use nonaggressive forms of discipline, such as verbal reasoning and redirection. Some caregivers use aggressive forms of discipline, such as spanking and yelling. However, most caregivers use a combination of aggressive and nonaggressive discipline. To date, a disproportionately small number of caregiver discipline studies are conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and few studies in low-resource contexts examine aggressive and nonaggressive behaviors simultaneously. OBJECTIVE This study aims to elucidate caregiver patterns of 11 disciplinary behaviors used in LMICs, and examine how these patterns relate to child outcomes and household characteristics. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data came from the fourth and fifth rounds of UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) distributed between 2009 and 2017 (N = 218,824 respondents across 63 countries). Focal children were 3-4 years old. METHODS Patterns of disciplinary behaviors were estimated using a multilevel latent class analysis (LCA). Multinomial regression analyses examined associations of disciplinary patterns with caregiver-reported child outcomes and household characteristics. RESULTS The LCA suggested caregiver discipline fell into three overall patterns: high behavioral control, moderate behavior control, and lower behavioral control. The lower behavioral control class was associated with the most advantageous child outcomes and household socio-demographic characteristics, whereas the high behavioral control class was associated with the most disadvantageous child outcomes and household characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be employed to reduce aggressive behaviors and promote positive parenting among caregivers in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin P Ward
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Shawna J Lee
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Andrew C Grogan-Kaylor
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Julie Ma
- University of Michigan-Flint, Department of Social Work, 303 E. Kearsley St., Flint, MI 48502, USA.
| | - Garrett T Pace
- University of Michigan, School of Social Work, 1080 South University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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27
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Successful implementation of parenting support at preschool: An evaluation of Triple P in Sweden. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265589. [PMID: 35417460 PMCID: PMC9007376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although emotional and behavioural problems among young children are common and, if unaddressed, can lead to multi-facetted problems later in life, there is little research investigating the implementation of parenting programs that target these problems. In this study, the RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the implementation of the Triple P parenting program in a preschool setting at a medium-sized municipality in Sweden. Reach increased over time, showing an overall increase in participating fathers and parents with lower education. Effectiveness outcomes showed an improvement in emotional and behavioural problems in children and less mental health-related symptoms and higher self-efficacy in parents. Adoption rate was 93.3%. To ensure staff “buy-in”, designated coordinators made changes in recruitment procedures, and provided supervision and training to all Triple P practitioners. Implementation adaptations were made, such as minor revisions of parenting strategies and other program content, as well as providing child care during seminars and groups, and setting up weekend-groups. Maintenance assessed through 12 month follow-up data suggested that several child and parent outcomes were maintained over time. Uppsala municipality continues to offer Triple P to parents. The reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance of the program were all satisfactory and demonstrated the suitability of delivering evidence-based parenting support using preschools as an arena.
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28
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Bin Eid W, Lim M, Gabrieli G, Kölbel M, Halstead E, Esposito G, Dimitriou D. Alterations in Cortisol Profiles among Mothers of Children with ASD Related to Poor Child Sleep Quality. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040666. [PMID: 35455843 PMCID: PMC9032515 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience poorer sleep, but studies have not yet used objective measures to investigate how child and caregiver sleep affect each other. In this study, 29 mothers and their child with ASD aged between 6 and 16 years were recruited. Questionnaires measuring child autism, maternal depression, and maternal and child sleep quality were administered. Cortisol salivary samples were also obtained from the mothers over the course of a day. Results revealed that maternal depression is significantly correlated with their subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and daytime dysfunction. Child sleep quality was also found to be significantly correlated with ASD severity. In terms of maternal cortisol profiles, a significant number of mothers showed a flattened diurnal cortisol expression, and children of mothers with a flattened cortisol profile had significantly more sleep problems. Overall, results suggest that maternal and child sleep are affected by the child’s disability but also are mutually related. Future studies may consider employing measures such as actigraphy or somnography to quantify sleep quality and establish causal pathways between sleep, cortisol expression and caregiver and child outcomes. The present study has clinical implications in examining family sleep when considering treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasmiah Bin Eid
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (W.B.E.); (M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Mengyu Lim
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (M.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639818, Singapore; (M.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Melanie Kölbel
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (W.B.E.); (M.K.); (E.H.)
- Department of Developmental Neurosciences Unit, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Elizabeth Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (W.B.E.); (M.K.); (E.H.)
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Affiliative Behaviour and Physiology Lab, Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 84, I-38068 Trento, Italy;
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory, UCL Institute of Education, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (W.B.E.); (M.K.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Reiss D, Ganiban JM, Leve LD, Neiderhiser JM, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN. Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2022; 87:7-188. [PMID: 37070594 PMCID: PMC10329459 DOI: 10.1111/mono.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The focus on the role of parenting in child development has a long-standing history. When measures of parenting precede changes in child development, researchers typically infer a causal role of parenting practices and attitudes on child development. However, this research is usually conducted with parents raising their own biological offspring. Such research designs cannot account for the effects of genes that are common to parents and children, nor for genetically influenced traits in children that influence how they are parented and how parenting affects them. The aim of this monograph is to provide a clearer view of parenting by synthesizing findings from the Early Growth and Development Study (EGDS). EGDS is a longitudinal study of adopted children, their birth parents, and their rearing parents studied across infancy and childhood. Families (N = 561) were recruited in the United States through adoption agencies between 2000 and 2010. Data collection began when adoptees were 9 months old (males = 57.2%; White 54.5%, Black 13.2%, Hispanic/Latinx 13.4%, Multiracial 17.8%, other 1.1%). The median child age at adoption placement was 2 days (M = 5.58, SD = 11.32). Adoptive parents were predominantly in their 30s, White, and coming from upper-middle- or upper-class backgrounds with high educational attainment (a mode at 4-year college or graduate degree). Most adoptive parents were heterosexual couples, and were married at the beginning of the project. The birth parent sample was more racially and ethnically diverse, but the majority (70%) were White. At the beginning of the study, most birth mothers and fathers were in their 20s, with a mode of educational attainment at high school degree, and few of them were married. We have been following these family members over time, assessing their genetic influences, prenatal environment, rearing environment, and child development. Controlling for effects of genes common to parents and children, we confirmed some previously reported associations between parenting, parent psychopathology, and marital adjustment in relation to child problematic and prosocial behavior. We also observed effects of children's heritable characteristics, characteristics thought to be transmitted from parent to child by genetic means, on their parents and how those effects contributed to subsequent child development. For example, we found that genetically influenced child impulsivity and social withdrawal both elicited harsh parenting, whereas a genetically influenced sunny disposition elicited parental warmth. We found numerous instances of children's genetically influenced characteristics that enhanced positive parental influences on child development or that protected them from harsh parenting. Integrating our findings, we propose a new, genetically informed process model of parenting. We posit that parents implicitly or explicitly detect genetically influenced liabilities and assets in their children. We also suggest future research into factors such as marital adjustment, that favor parents responding with appropriate protection or enhancement. Our findings illustrate a productive use of genetic information in prevention research: helping parents respond effectively to a profile of child strengths and challenges rather than using genetic information simply to identify some children unresponsive to current preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine
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30
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Theron L, Rothmann S, Makhnach A, Ungar M. Adolescent Mental Health Resilience and Combinations of Caregiver Monitoring and Warmth: A Person-centred Perspective. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:2860-2870. [PMID: 36254162 PMCID: PMC9560922 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver monitoring and warmth have protective mental health effects for adolescents, including vulnerable adolescents. However, combinations of the aforesaid parenting behaviours and their relationship with adolescent mental health are underexplored, especially among younger and older South African (SA) adolescents challenged by structural disadvantage. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate unique profiles of caregiver monitoring and warmth and their associations with depression and conduct problems as reported by younger and older adolescents from disadvantaged SA communities. Latent profile and linear regression analyses were used to examine cross-sectional survey data generated by 891 adolescents from two disadvantaged SA communities (62.2% aged 13-17 [average age: 16.13]; 37.5% aged 18-24 [average age: 20.62]). Two profiles emerged. The first, i.e. substantial caregiver warmth and some monitoring, was associated with younger and older adolescent reports of statistically significantly fewer symptoms of depression and conduct problems. The second, i.e. caregiver monitoring without much warmth, was associated with significantly more symptoms of depression or conduct problems among younger and older adolescents. Traditional gender effects (i.e. higher depression symptoms among girls; higher conduct problem symptoms among boys) were amplified when caregiver monitoring was combined with low warmth. In short, protecting the mental health of younger and older adolescents from disadvantaged communities requires higher levels of caregiver warmth combined with moderate levels of caregiver supervision. Because stressors associated with disadvantaged communities jeopardise warm parenting, supporting caregiver resilience to those stressors is integral to supporting adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Theron
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Alexander Makhnach
- Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Ungar
- Resilience Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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31
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Skinner AT, Gurdal S, Chang L, Oburu P, Tapanya S. Dyadic Coping, Parental Warmth, and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior in Four Countries. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2022; 43:237-258. [PMID: 37811161 PMCID: PMC10557456 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x21993851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parental warmth as a mediator of relations between mothers' and fathers' perceptions of dyadic coping and adolescent externalizing outcomes. Data from 472 adolescents, mothers, and fathers were collected over a three-year period from families in China, Kenya, Sweden, and Thailand. For mothers in all four sites and fathers in three sites, better parental dyadic coping at youth age 13 predicted higher levels of parental warmth at youth age 14. For mothers in all four sites, higher levels of maternal warmth were in turn related to less youth externalizing behavior at age 15, and higher levels of dyadic coping at youth age 13 were related to less youth externalizing behavior at age 15 indirectly through maternal warmth. Emotional Security Theory helps explain the process by which dyadic coping is related to adolescent externalizing behavior. The results have important implications for parent and family-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Skinner
- Duke University, USA; Gothenburg University and University West, Sweden
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32
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Rothenberg WA, Ali S, Rohner RP, Lansford JE, Britner PA, Giunta LD, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K. Effects of Parental Acceptance-Rejection on Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: A Longitudinal, Multicultural Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:29-47. [PMID: 35529327 PMCID: PMC9075417 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grounded in interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory, this study assessed children's (N=1,315) perceptions of maternal and paternal acceptance-rejection in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States) as predictors of children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors across ages 7-14 years. METHODS Parenting behaviors were measured using children's reports on the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire. Child externalizing and internalizing behaviors were measured using mother, father, and child reports on the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment. RESULTS Using a multilevel modeling framework, we found that in cultures where both maternal and paternal indifference/neglect scores were higher than average-compared to other cultures -children's internalizing problems were more persistent. At the within-culture level, all four forms of maternal and paternal rejection (i.e., coldness/lack of affection, hostility/aggression, indifference/neglect, and undifferentiated rejection) were independently associated with both externalizing and internalizing problems across ages 7-14 even after controlling for child gender, parent education, and each of the four forms of parental rejection. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that the effects of perceived parental acceptance-rejection are panculturally similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and
Institute for Fiscal Studies
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33
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Development of internalizing symptoms during adolescence in three countries: the role of temperament and parenting behaviors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:947-957. [PMID: 33547952 PMCID: PMC8610087 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the unique and joint effects of early adolescent temperament and parenting in predicting the development of adolescent internalizing symptoms in a cross-cultural sample. Participants were 544 early adolescents (T1: Mage = 12.58; 49.5% female) and their mothers (n = 530) from Medellín, Colombia (n = 88), Naples, Italy (n = 90), Rome, Italy (n = 100) and Durham, North Carolina, United States (African Americans n = 92, European Americans n = 97, and Latinx n = 77). Early adolescent negative emotionality (i.e., anger and sadness experience), self-regulation (i.e., effortful control), and parent monitoring and psychological control were measured at T1. Adolescent internalizing symptoms were measured at three time points. Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) without covariates or predictors indicated a slight linear increase in internalizing symptoms from ages 13-16 years across nearly all cultural groups. Multi-group LGCMs demonstrated several paths were consistently invariant across groups when examining how well temperament and parenting predicted intercept and slope factors. Higher initial levels of internalizing symptoms were significantly predicted by higher adolescent negative emotionality and parental psychological control as well as lower adolescent effortful control and parental monitoring measured one year earlier. Overall, adolescent effortful control appeared to protect against the emergence of internalizing symptoms in all cultures, but this effect faded over time. This study advances knowledge of the normative development of internalizing symptoms during adolescence across cultures while highlighting the predictive value of early adolescent temperament and parenting.
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34
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Seiffge-Krenke I, Sattel H, Cavdar D, Öncü B. Adolescents' somatic complaints in eight countries: what influence do parental rearing styles have? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1533-1545. [PMID: 32894350 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Medically unexplained physical symptoms are frequently named by adolescents in both clinical and normative samples. This study analyzed the associations between parental rearing styles and adolescents' body complaints in diverse cultural contexts. In a cross-cultural study of 2415 adolescents from eight countries (Argentina, France, Germany, Greece, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, and Turkey), the associations of maternal and paternal support, psychological control, and an anxious parental monitoring style with youth body complaints were tested. Girls reported more somatic complaints than boys, the level of complaints differed between countries, and gender differences varied significantly between countries. Hierarchic multilevel models revealed that the expression of distress via body complaints, after controlling for country, gender, and sociodemographic status, was significantly associated with parental rearing styles. The negative impact of mothers' psychological control on body complaints generalize across countries. In addition, mothers' anxious monitoring had a negative impact on the offspring's health, whereas higher levels of paternal support and lower levels of paternal psychological control contributed to lower levels of somatic complaints. Sociodemographic variables such as family structure, standard of living, and employment status of the parents, did not turn out as significant in the final model. The findings point to the different roles of fathers and mothers play in adolescents' health and their complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heribert Sattel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Duygu Cavdar
- University of Bristol School of Education, Bristol, UK
| | - Bedriye Öncü
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zheng Y, Brendgen M, Meyer Z, Vitaro F, Dionne G, Boivin M. Maternal Parenting Behaviors Amplify Environmental Influences on Developmental Trajectories of Alcohol Use During Adolescence. Behav Genet 2021; 51:528-542. [PMID: 34009508 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compared to peer alcohol use, less is known on how parenting practices may modify genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol use longitudinally across adolescence. This study examined whether two maternal parenting behaviors, supervision and harsh parenting, may suppress or amplify genetic and environmental influences on three distinct developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol use: normative increasing, early-onset, and low trajectories. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of a population-based twin sample (N = 842, 84% European descent, 52.7% female). Adolescents self-reported their past year alcohol use at ages 13, 14, 15, and 17 years, and their mothers reported their supervision and harsh parenting when twins were 13, 15, and 17 years old. Maternal supervision amplified non-shared environmental influence on the normative increasing and early-onset trajectories, whereas maternal harsh parenting amplified shared environmental influence on the early-onset trajectory and non-shared environmental influence on the low trajectory, respectively. The findings suggest maternal parenting practices as a potent developmental context that modulates the environmental influences of other proximal processes on adolescent alcohol use, and suggest that family-based parenting-focused intervention could be especially beneficial for adolescents following the early-onset trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Mara Brendgen
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Research Unit for Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Zachary Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, P-217 Biological Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Frank Vitaro
- Research Unit for Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Psycho-Education, Université de Montréal, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ginette Dionne
- Research Unit for Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit for Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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36
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Di Giunta L, Lunetti C, Fiasconaro I, Gliozzo G, Salvo G, Ottaviani C, Aringolo K, Comitale C, Riccioni C, D’Angeli G. COVID-19 Impact on Parental Emotion Socialization and Youth Socioemotional Adjustment in Italy. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:657-677. [PMID: 34448309 PMCID: PMC8646882 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the change and associations in parental emotion socialization strategies in response to children's negative emotions and youths' adjustment, comparing before the Covid-19 pandemic hit Italy and since the pandemic began. Participants were convenient cross-sectional/normative (Study 1) and clinical/longitudinal (Study 2) samples of Italian parents whose children were in middle childhood and adolescence. In Study 1, self-reported socialization strategies, youths' maladjustment, and emotion dysregulation increased since the pandemic began. Whereas, in Study 2, socialization strategies and youths' maladjustment decreased since the pandemic started. In both studies, unsupportive parental emotion socialization predicted youths' maladjustment and emotion dysregulation, while supportive parental emotion socialization predicted adaptive emotion regulation. This study advances knowledge about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the family context.
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Volz M, Ehrenthal JC, Seiffge-Krenke I. Does clinically relevant psychopathology in adolescents necessarily require treatment or does it "grow out"? Psychother Res 2021; 32:525-538. [PMID: 34132164 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2021.1939457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the treatment effect of psychodynamic therapy for adolescents in comparison to normative developmental progression in two groups without treatment: healthy adolescents and adolescents with juvenile diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a 3-wave longitudinal study, n = 531 adolescents (n = 303 treated adolescents, n = 119 healthy, n = 109 with diabetes) and their parents filled out psychopathology questionnaires (Youth Self-Report [YSR] and Child Behaviour Checklist [CBCL]). Growth curve modeling (GCM) was used to examine within-person change in psychopathology while controlling for stable between-person differences. RESULTS GCM analyses revealed significant within-person reductions in patients' YSR and CBCL (d = 1.02-1.99) at the end of treatment. When accounted for the control groups' developmental progression (d = .14-.94), patients' within-person change remained significantly higher (d = .48-.82). In all three groups, parents rated the severity of psychopathology significantly lower, and within-person change significantly higher than the adolescents him/herself. CONCLUSIONS Psychodynamic therapy led to a significant symptom reduction in treated adolescents and was superior to development-related symptom changes occurring in the two control groups. Hence, clinically relevant symptoms in adolescents do not "grow out", but require psychotherapeutic treatment. Differences between adolescents and their parents in the evaluation of symptom severity and change require attention in psychotherapy treatment and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Volz
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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38
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Jensen TM. Patterns of Interactions Between Youth and Resident Stepmothers: A Latent Class Analysis. FAMILY PROCESS 2021; 60:538-555. [PMID: 32648288 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stepparent-child relationships are a core pillar of stepfamily functioning and well-being. Stepparents can take on a variety of roles in the lives of their stepchildren, ranging from de facto parents to distant acquaintances. There remain important opportunities to explore specific interactional patterns between youth and stepparents, particularly resident stepmothers. Drawing from a family systems perspective, the purpose of the current study is to explore patterns of youth-stepmother interaction across recreational, personal, academic, and disciplinary domains of family life. Latent class analysis is conducted using a representative sample of 295 youth (mean age: 15.82 years, SD = 1.63; 41% female; 65% non-Hispanic White) residing in father-stepmother households who have living nonresident mothers at Wave I of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The optimal latent class solution yielded four interactional patterns, labeled versatile and involved (21%), inactive (12%), casually connected (17%), and academically oriented (50%). The latent classes are also contrasted with respect to stepfamily relationship quality, youth well-being, and socio-demographic characteristics. Foremost, the results illustrate significant variability in the patterns of interactions between youth and their resident stepmothers, which could be attributed to youths' varying autonomy-seeking efforts and other complex family dynamics. Consistent with a family systems perspective, associations between youth-stepmother interactional patterns and family and youth outcomes highlight the importance of the relationship between youth and their resident stepmothers. Importantly, not all interactional patterns differed significantly across outcomes, suggesting that no one pattern is universally optimal in father-stepmother families with adolescent children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd M Jensen
- School of Social Work, Family Research and Engagement Specialist, Jordan Institute for Families, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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39
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Hentges RF, Graham SA, Plamondon A, Tough S, Madigan S. Bidirectional associations between maternal depression, hostile parenting, and early child emotional problems: Findings from the all our families cohort. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:397-404. [PMID: 33838474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An intergenerational association between maternal depression and child emotional problems is well established. However, the underlying processes underpinning this association are still unclear, with relatively little attention paid to potential child-driven effects. This study adds to existing research by examining the bidirectional processes between maternal depression, parenting, and child internalizing symptoms. METHODS A large prospective pregnancy cohort was used (N = 1992). Mothers reported on their depressive symptoms, hostile parenting, child internalizing symptoms, and child effortful control. Data was collected during pregnancy, and at 4 months, 3 years, and 5 years postpartum. RESULTS Using a cross-lag analytical approach, results revealed that prenatal and postpartum maternal depression predicted child internalizing problems through an increase in hostile parenting. Child internalizing symptoms predicted increases in subsequent hostile parenting, but not maternal depressive symptoms. Additional moderation analyses revealed that the indirect effect of maternal depression on child internalizing problems through hostile parenting was only significant for children low in effortful control. LIMITATIONS The study relied on maternal reports of both mother and child symptomology and characteristics. The sample was predominantly white and middle- to high-income. CONCLUSIONS Hostile parenting is a potential intermediary mechanism explaining the intergenerational transmission of maternal depression to child internalizing problems. Critically, this indirect effect was only significant for children low in effortful control. There was limited support for child evocative effects, with child internalizing symptoms predicting subsequent hostile parenting but not maternal depressive symptoms. Results highlight the need for considering both maternal and child characteristics when treating maternal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle F Hentges
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Susan A Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Andre Plamondon
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada.
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40
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Jensen M, George MJ, Russell MA, Lippold MA, Odgers CL. Daily Parent-Adolescent Digital Exchanges. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1125-1138. [PMID: 33821369 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study tracked adolescents via mobile phones to describe how parents and their adolescent children are using digital technologies in daily life (i.e. facilitating warmth and behavioral control), and whether these uses are associated with the quality of offline parent-adolescent interactions and with adolescents' mental health. A sample of young adolescents (N = 388; mean age 13.37) completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment in 2016- 2017, reporting on their daily digital contact and offline interactions with their parents and their mental health. Adolescents reported using texting and calling to communicate somewhat infrequently with their parents (i.e., on 29% of days), but days with more digital contacts (for both warmth and behavioral control) were also more likely to be characterized by more positive offline interactions with parents. Furthermore, adolescents struggling with mental health symptoms across the study period reported using texts/calls more frequently to seek out parent support, and parents were more likely to do text/call "check ins" on young people who were experiencing more behavioral problems. Results highlight the potential for digital communication devices to be used as tools in fostering parent-adolescent connection, support provision, and behavioral control in the digital era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeline Jensen
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 296 Eberhart Bldg, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27412-5001, USA.
| | | | - Michael A Russell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Melissa A Lippold
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Candice L Odgers
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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41
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Tamm A, Tulviste T, Börnhorst C, Konstabel K. Child temperament predicts maternal socialization values. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 39:347-362. [PMID: 33782982 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal study examined whether and how children's temperament traits in particular but also their age, sex as well as maternal education and age predict maternal socialization values. The sample was drawn from the IDEFICS study and included 567 mothers from Estonia whose children were 2-9 years old at Time 0 and 4-11 years old at Time 1. The findings showed that children's temperament at Time 0 predicted maternal socialization values at Time 1, but not vice versa. Mothers who perceived their child to be more imaginative at Time 0 considered self-maximization socialization values more important and social conformity-related values less important at Time 1. Child's conscientiousness and extraversion were linked positively to social conformity-related socialization values. Older mothers and those with higher level of education put more emphasis on self-maximization socialization values. Children's age and sex were not related to socialization values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Tamm
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Tulviste
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia Börnhorst
- Department of Biometry and Data Management, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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42
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Mindful Parenting, Parenting Cognitions, and Parent-Youth Communication: Bidirectional Linkages and Mediational Processes. Mindfulness (N Y) 2021; 12:381-391. [PMID: 33737985 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Mindful parenting and parenting cognitions likely have important linkages to each other and to parent-child communication, but these linkages have not been tested. In this article, we test the bidirectional linkages between mindful parenting and parenting cognitions (sense of competence, parent-centered attributions) and the underlying mediational processes that link them to parent-child communication (parental solicitation and youth disclosure). Methods Longitudinal, autoregressive cross-lagged models were run within a longitudinal sample of rural and suburban early adolescents and their mothers (n = 421; mean adolescent age = 12.14, 46% male, 73% white). Results Significant bidirectional linkages were found between mindful parenting and parenting cognitions across Time 1 and Time 2. Greater mindful parenting at Time 1 was associated with more positive parenting cognitions (e.g., greater perceptions of parental competence and fewer negative parent-centered attributions or self-blame) at Time 2. More positive parenting cognitions at Time 1 were also associated with greater levels of mindful parenting at Time 2. Mindful parenting at Time 2 mediated the association between parenting cognitions (both parent-centered attributions and sense of competence) at Time 1 and parental solicitation at Time 3. Conclusions Mindful parenting and parenting cognitions influence each other over time. Parenting cognitions can affect parental solicitation via increases in mindful parenting. The discussion focuses on potential underlying processes.
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43
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Lansford JE, Rothenberg WA, Riley J, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Gurdal S, Liu Q, Long Q, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Tapanya S, Steinberg L. Longitudinal Trajectories of Four Domains of Parenting in Relation to Adolescent Age and Puberty in Nine Countries. Child Dev 2021; 92:e493-e512. [PMID: 33521940 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Children, mothers, and fathers in 12 ethnic and regional groups in nine countries (N = 1,338 families) were interviewed annually for 8 years (Mage child = 8-16 years) to model four domains of parenting as a function of child age, puberty, or both. Latent growth curve models revealed that for boys and girls, parents decrease their warmth, behavioral control, rules/limit-setting, and knowledge solicitation in conjunction with children's age and pubertal status as children develop from ages 8 to 16 across a range of diverse contexts, with steeper declines after age 11 or 12 in three of the four parenting domains. National, ethnic, and regional differences and similarities in the trajectories as a function of age and puberty are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.,UNICEF.,Institute for Fiscal Studies
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- Chongqing Medical University
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44
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Kapetanovic S, Skoog T. The Role of the Family's Emotional Climate in the Links between Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Psychosocial Functioning. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:141-154. [PMID: 32960375 PMCID: PMC7826314 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed to extend the parenting literature by testing the moderating role of the family's emotional climate, operationalized with parent-adolescent emotional closeness and adolescent feelings of being overly controlled by parents on the longitudinal associations between parent-driven communication efforts (i.e. parental behavioral control and solicitation of information from their adolescent), adolescent-driven communication efforts (i.e. adolescent disclosure and secrecy) and adolescent psychosocial functioning (i.e. emotional problems, conduct problems, delinquency, and wellbeing). We conducted a series of cross-lagged models controlling for adolescent gender and ethnicity using a two-wave Swedish longitudinal set of self-report data (N = 1515, 51% girls, M age = 13.0 and 14.3 years at T1 and T2, respectively). Multi-group analyses revealed that the negative links between T1 parental control and T2 adolescent delinquency, T1 parental solicitation and T2 adolescent conduct problems and delinquency, and T1 emotional problems and T2 adolescent disclosure were moderated by the family's emotional climate. When the family's emotional climate was positive, the parenting strategies had a more positive effect on adolescent psychosocial functioning, and adolescents with emotional problems communicated more openly with their parents. These findings suggest that the relational context in the family is an important protective factor and add specificity to the previously established role of parent-adolescent communication in adolescent psychosocial development. In terms of preventive interventions, strategies to enhance the family's emotional climate should be considered prior to teaching specific parenting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kapetanovic
- University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
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45
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Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D. Effects of Parental Warmth and Behavioral Control on Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Trajectories Across Cultures. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:835-855. [PMID: 32609411 PMCID: PMC8059478 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of parental warmth and behavioral control on externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories from ages 8 to 14 in 1,298 adolescents from 12 cultural groups. We did not find that single universal trajectories characterized adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures, but instead found significant heterogeneity in starting points and rates of change in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures. Some similarities did emerge. Across many cultural groups, internalizing symptoms decreased from ages 8 to 10, and externalizing symptoms increased from ages 10 to 14. Parental warmth appears to function similarly in many cultures as a protective factor that prevents the onset and growth of adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms, whereas the effects of behavioral control vary from culture to culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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46
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Choi Y, Park M, Lee JP, Lee M. Explaining the Asian American Youth Paradox: Universal Factors versus Asian American Family Process Among Filipino and Korean American Youth. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1818-1836. [PMID: 32153020 PMCID: PMC9222425 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study used longitudinal survey data of Filipino American and Korean American youth to examine ways in which universal factors (e.g., peer antisocial behaviors and parent-child conflict) and Asian American (AA) family process variables (e.g., gendered norms) independently and collectively predict grade point average (GPA), externalizing, and internalizing problems. We aimed to explain the "Asian American youth paradox" in which low externalizing problems and high GPA coexist with high internalizing problems. We found that universal factors were extensively predictive of youth problems and remained robust when AA family process was accounted for. AA family process also independently explained youth development and, in part, the AA youth paradox. For example, gendered norms increased mental distress. Academic controls did the opposite of what it is intended, that is, had a negative impact on GPA as well as other developmental domains. Family obligation, assessed by family-centered activities and helping out, was beneficial to both externalizing and internalizing youth outcomes. Parental implicit affection, one of the distinct traits of AA parenting, was beneficial, particularly for GPA. This study provided important empirical evidence that can guide cross-cultural parenting and meaningfully inform intervention programs for AA youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Choi
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Park
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeanette Park Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mina Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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47
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Examining effects of mother and father warmth and control on child externalizing and internalizing problems from age 8 to 13 in nine countries. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1113-1137. [PMID: 31865926 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study used data from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and United States; N = 1,315) to investigate bidirectional associations between parental warmth and control, and child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, the extent to which these associations held across mothers and fathers and across cultures with differing normative levels of parent warmth and control were examined. Mothers, fathers, and children completed measures when children were ages 8 to 13. Multiple-group autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models revealed that evocative child-driven effects of externalizing and internalizing behavior on warmth and control are ubiquitous across development, cultures, mothers, and fathers. Results also reveal that parenting effects on child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, though rarer than child effects, extend into adolescence when examined separately in mothers and fathers. Father-based parent effects were more frequent than mother effects. Most parent- and child-driven effects appear to emerge consistently across cultures. The rare culture-specific parenting effects suggested that occasionally the effects of parenting behaviors that run counter to cultural norms may be delayed in rendering their protective effect against deleterious child outcomes.
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48
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Hou J, Chen Z, Guo F. The Transactional Relationship between Parental and Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Effect of Nurturant-Involved Parenting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8240. [PMID: 33171873 PMCID: PMC7664705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sameroff's transactional theory emphasizes a bidirectional process between parents and offspring. The present study explored the reciprocal relationships between parental and adolescent depressive symptoms using a cross-lagged model and examined the mediating effect of nurturant-involved parenting on the relationship between them. Data for the present study were collected from a longitudinal study, and a total of 1644 adolescents and their mothers and fathers participated in the present study. The results revealed a reciprocal relationship between maternal and adolescent depressive symptoms, and the child-driven effect was more robust than the mother-driven effect. Adolescent depressive symptoms significantly predicted paternal depressive symptoms, but not vice versa. In addition, adolescent depressive symptoms indirectly predicted maternal and paternal depressive symptoms by deteriorating nurturant-involved parenting. These findings highlight a child-driven effect on parents' psychopathology, which may shed light on the mechanism underlying depression transmission between parents and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqin Hou
- National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing 100088, China;
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Fei Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China;
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49
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Hillekens J, Buist KL, Horváth LO, Koper N, Ólafsdóttir J, Karkdijk E, Balázs J. Parent-early adolescent relationship quality and problem behavior in Hungary, the Netherlands, India, and Iceland. Scand J Psychol 2020; 61:763-774. [PMID: 32720349 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Higher parent-child relationship quality has been associated with less internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. However, it remained less clear whether these associations are universal or depend on the country under investigation. Furthermore, fathers are still understudied, even though there is increasing evidence of their important role in early adolescent development. Our study compared the association of mother-child as well as father-child relationship quality with early adolescents' problem behavior in four culturally different countries, namely Hungary (N = 293; Mage = 11.22; 53% boys), the Netherlands (N = 242; Mage = 11.20; 48% boys), India (N = 230; Mage = 10.68; 61% boys), and Iceland (N = 261; Mage = 10.90; 53% boys). Early adolescents filled out questionnaires in their classroom, assessing warmth and conflict with fathers and mothers and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Stepwise multi-group path analysis demonstrated no cross-cultural differences in associations between quality of the parent-child relationship and problem behavior. We did not find any effects of maternal or paternal warmth. However, across samples conflict with mothers was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problem behavior, and conflict with fathers was associated with more externalizing problem behavior. Our findings highlight the need to target conflict with both fathers and mothers in interventions across different countries, especially when addressing externalizing problem behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Hillekens
- Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Buist
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lili O Horváth
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Natasha Koper
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jóna Ólafsdóttir
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Esther Karkdijk
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judit Balázs
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
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Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Bacchini D, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater‐Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Tirado LMU, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al‐Hassan SM. Cross-cultural effects of parent warmth and control on aggression and rule-breaking from ages 8 to 13. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:327-340. [PMID: 32249458 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether bidirectional associations between parental warmth and behavioral control and child aggression and rule-breaking behavior emerged in 12 cultural groups. Study participants included 1,298 children (M = 8.29 years, standard deviation [SD] = 0.66, 51% girls) from Shanghai, China (n = 121); Medellín, Colombia (n = 108); Naples (n = 100) and Rome (n = 103), Italy; Zarqa, Jordan (n = 114); Kisumu, Kenya (n = 100); Manila, Philippines (n = 120); Trollhättan/Vänersborg, Sweden (n = 101); Chiang Mai, Thailand (n = 120); and Durham, NC, United States (n = 111 White, n = 103 Black, n = 97 Latino) followed over 5 years (i.e., ages 8-13). Warmth and control were measured using the Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire, child aggression and rule-breaking were measured using the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was conducted. Associations between parent warmth and subsequent rule-breaking behavior were found to be more common across ontogeny and demonstrate greater variability across different cultures than associations between warmth and subsequent aggressive behavior. In contrast, the evocative effects of child aggressive behavior on subsequent parent warmth and behavioral control were more common, especially before age 10, than those of rule-breaking behavior. Considering the type of externalizing behavior, developmental time point, and cultural context is essential to understanding how parenting and child behavior reciprocally affect one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Andrew Rothenberg
- Center for Child and Family PolicyDuke University Durham North Carolina
- Mailman Center for Child DevelopmentUniversity of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | | | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversity of Naples “Federico II” Naples Italy
| | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Bethesda Maryland
- Institute for Fiscal Studies London United Kingdom
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Macau Taipa Macau China
| | - Kirby Deater‐Deckard
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts
| | - Laura Di Giunta
- Department of PsychologyUniversità di Roma “La Sapienza” Rome Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Dodge
- Center for Child and Family PolicyDuke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Patrick S. Malone
- Center for Child and Family PolicyDuke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Paul Oburu
- Department of Educational PsychologyMaseno University Maseno Kenya
| | | | - Ann T. Skinner
- Center for Child and Family PolicyDuke University Durham North Carolina
| | - Emma Sorbring
- Department of Psychology, Pedagogy, and SociologyUniversity West Trollhättan Sweden
| | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of PsychologyTemple University Philadelphia
- Department of PsychologyKing Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Sombat Tapanya
- Department of PsychiatryChiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | | | | | - Liane Peña Alampay
- Department of PsychologyAteneo de Manila University Quezon City Philippines
| | - Suha M. Al‐Hassan
- Department of Special EducationHashemite University Zarqa Jordan
- Counseling, Special Education, and Neuroscience DivisionEmirates College for Advanced Education Abu Dhabi UAE
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