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Karabak M, Akıncı MA, Yıldırım Demirdöğen E, Bozkurt A. Prevalence and associated factors of developmental coordination disorder in primary school children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02526-3. [PMID: 39008096 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is one of the most frequently observed movement disorders in childhood, yet data on its prevalence are still unclear. This two-stage epidemiological study aims to determine the prevalence of DCD in children between 6 and 10 years of age according to the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5). In the first stage, the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) were given to primary school students. In the second stage, clinicians conducted psychiatric interviews with children who had an indication of DCD or were suspected of having DCD according to the DCDQ'07 and their parents. The interviews utilized the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for DCD and applied the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) to identify co-occurring disorders. In the first stage, 2,306 children were evaluated, and 205 were invited for a clinical interview. Of the 198 children interviewed, 49 met the diagnostic criteria for DCD. The prevalence of DCD in Türkiye was found to be 2.1%. High parental education level, a previous psychiatric admission of the child, mother's postpartum depressive symptoms, co-occurring disorders, and co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were significantly more common among children with DCD. Potentially associated factors were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The mother's education level, the presence of postpartum depressive symptoms, and co-occurring disorders in the child were found to be associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karabak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erzurum City Hospital, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Abdullah Bozkurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Türkiye
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Bruneau-Chávez J, Vergara-Ampuero D, Merellano-Navarro E. Association between Gross Motor Competence and Physical Fitness in Chilean Children Aged 4 to 6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:561. [PMID: 38790556 PMCID: PMC11119627 DOI: 10.3390/children11050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The preschool period is considered critical for the development of motor competence, but as far as we know, no studies have investigated the association between motor competence and physical fitness in Chilean children. The aim of this study was to analyse the association between gross motor competence and physical fitness, controlling for possible confounding factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 144 preschool children (56.25% girls) with an average age of 5.3 years (4 to 6 years) from the Araucanía region, Chile. Motor competence was measured using the Children's Movement Assessment Battery, 2nd Edition (MABC-2). Regarding physical fitness, the components of cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility were evaluated using the Battery to Assess FITness in PREschool (PREFIT). Partial correlation models and analysis of variance (ANCOVA) were used to assess differences in physical fitness between motor competence categories, controlling for age and body mass index. The mean fitness scores for cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body muscle strength and speed/agility components were significantly higher in children with higher gross motor competence. In terms of effect size, large values were found for the lower body strength component in model 1 for boys and in model 2 for the total samples of girls and boys. The results of this study suggest that good levels of gross motor competence are associated with better physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Grupo de Investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida (EFISAL), Facultad de Educación, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (A.G.-C.); (P.F.-M.)
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile;
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile;
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Science Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Bruneau-Chávez
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Diego Vergara-Ampuero
- Escuela de Ciencias del Deporte y la Actividad Física, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile
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Kim MJ, Nam SM, Kim B, Park I, Park J, Shim JK. Anthropometric, physical activity, and psychological characteristics of Korean adults with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1280356. [PMID: 38178993 PMCID: PMC10764483 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1280356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), also known as Dyspraxia, is characterized by movement difficulties in individuals without discernible neurological disorders or identifiable medical conditions. Previous studies from various countries have highlighted disparities in anthropometric, physical activity, and psychological characteristics between children diagnosed with DCD and their typically developing (TD) peers. These differences are influenced by sociocultural norms and geographical locations. However, little attention has been given to scrutinizing analogous differences in adult populations, particularly within Republic of Korea. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by employing a battery of questionnaires to assess anthropometric, physical activity, and psychological traits in a cohort of 377 Korean adults, encompassing those with DCD (n = 54) alongside TD counterparts (n = 323). It was hypothesized that Korean adults with DCD would exhibit higher body mass index and lower ratings in physical activity and psychological characteristics than TD, consistent with the previous studies performed in other countries on children. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the DCD and TD groups in anthropometric characteristics such as weight (kg), height (cm), and body mass index. The prevalence of walking and biking for daily commuting in daily routines within Korean society might have contributed to the mitigation of anthropometric among individuals with/without DCD. Statistically significant differences were found in physical activity levels at work and recreational settings, as shown in physical activity scores and duration. The DCD group also displayed lower scores across several psychological characteristics, including exercise adherence, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, physical self-concept, exercise expectations, and intrinsic regulation. These findings underscore the necessity of incorporating sociocultural dynamics when investigating anthropometric, physical activity, and psychological characteristics in adults with DCD. Their perceived difficulties in fine motor skills were also significantly poor than TD. Future research studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving the observed patterns in this study, thus contributing to a more nuanced comprehension of how DCD manifests within specific sociocultural contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Mi Nam
- Division of Sports Science, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Kim
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhyeok Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Park
- Department of Physical Education, and Advanced Institute of Convergence Science, Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kun Shim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Kinesiology, and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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Abdollahipour R, Valtr L, Banátová K, Bizovská L, Klein T, Svoboda Z, Steenbergen B, Wilson PH. Motor-cognitive coupling is impaired in children with mild or severe forms of developmental coordination disorder. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1252852. [PMID: 37941568 PMCID: PMC10628065 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1252852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show deficits in motor-cognitive coupling. However, it remains unclear whether such deficits depend on the severity of DCD. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive-motor coupling under different levels of inhibitory control in children with severe (s-DCD) or moderate DCD (m-DCD), compared with typically-developing children (TDC). The performance of 29 primary-school children aged 6-12 years with s-DCD (Mage = 9.12 ± 1.56 years), 53 m-DCD (Mage = 8.78 ± 1.67 years), and 201 TDC (Mage = 9.20 ± 1.50 years) was compared on a double jump reaching task (DJRT) paradigm, presented on a large 42-inch touchscreen. The task display had a circular home-base, centred at the bottom of the display, and three target locations at radials of -20°, 0°, and 20°, 40 cm above the home-base circle. For the standard double-jump reaching task (DJRT), children moved their index finger from home-base circle to touch the target stimulus as fast as possible; 20% were jump trials where the target shifted left or right at lift-off. For the anti-jump reaching task (AJRT), 20% of trials required an anti-jump movement, touching the contralateral target location. While no group differences were shown on the DJRT, the DCD group were slower to complete reaching movements than the TDC group on AJRT; on the latter, the two DCD sub-groups were not shown to differ. Results confirm the presence of motor inhibition deficits in DCD which may not be dependent on the motor severity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abdollahipour
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Ludvík Valtr
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Kamila Banátová
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Lucia Bizovská
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Klein
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Svoboda
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Bert Steenbergen
- Department of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Henry Wilson
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Schott N, Mündörfer A, Holfelder B. Neighborhood Socio-Economic Status Influences Motor Performance and Inhibitory Control in Kindergarten Children-Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kitafit Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1332. [PMID: 37628331 PMCID: PMC10453836 DOI: 10.3390/children10081332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the role of socio-economic status on physical activity, obesity, and cognitive performance in youth or older adults, but few studies have examined the role of neighborhood socio-economic status (NSES) on motor or cognitive performance in kindergarten children. This study aimed to examine whether lower NSES (measured by the social data atlas) was associated with lower motor and inhibitory control performance in kindergarten children. One hundred twenty-nine preschoolers were recruited from eight kindergartens in low and high NSES areas in Stuttgart, one of Germany's largest metropolitan areas. Motor functioning (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, MABC-2; Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance) and inhibitory control (Flanker Task, Go/NoGo Task) were assessed in a sample of 3- to 6-year-old children within a cross-sectional study. Children from a low NSES background showed the expected difficulties in inhibitory control and motor performance, as indicated by poorer performance than children from a high NSES background. Sex-specific analysis revealed girls from low NSES areas to have the lowest fine motor control; children with low NSES reach a Developmental Coordination Disorder at-risk status of 13% (boys and girls), in contrast to children with high SES (boys 9.1%, girls 0.0%). Motor performance and inhibitory control correlated positively with regard to the group from a low NSES background. Researchers and practitioners are advised to develop a more nuanced picture of motor and academic achievement in heterogeneous neighborhoods when designing early intervention programs, particularly with regard to sex differences, with the most significant disadvantage to girls with lower NSES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Schott
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Andi Mündörfer
- Amt für Sport und Bewegung, Bewegungsförderung und Sportentwicklung, 70161 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Holfelder
- Department of Psychology and Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Sport and Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
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Smits-Engelsman B, Coetzee D, Valtr L, Verbecque E. Do Girls Have an Advantage Compared to Boys When Their Motor Skills Are Tested Using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1159. [PMID: 37508656 PMCID: PMC10378111 DOI: 10.3390/children10071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate sex-related differences in raw item scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (MABC-2) in a large data set collected in different regions across the world, seeking to unravel whether there is an interaction effect between sex and the origin of the sample (European versus African). In this retrospective study, a secondary analysis was performed on anonymized data of 7654 children with a mean age of 8.6 (range 3 to 16; SD: 3.4), 50.0% of whom were boys. Since country-specific norms were not available for all samples, the raw scores per age band (AB) were used for analysis. Our results clearly show that in all age bands sex-related differences are present. In AB1 and AB2, girls score better on most manual dexterity and balance items, but not aiming and catching items, whereas in AB3 the differences seem to diminish. Especially in the European sample, girls outperform boys in manual dexterity and balance items, whereas in the African sample these differences are less marked. In conclusion, separate norms for boys and girls are needed in addition to separate norms for geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town University, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Dané Coetzee
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Ludvík Valtr
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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De Roubaix A, Van Waelvelde H. Psychometric properties of the Belgian LDCDQ (LDCDQ-BE) in a population based sample. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 130:104340. [PMID: 36137441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder usually diagnosed at school-age. It is related to secondary consequences urging early identification. The Little Developmental Coordination Questionnaire (LDCDQ) is a tool to identify young children at risk of a later DCD diagnosis. AIMS To explore psychometric properties and cut-off scores for the Belgian version the LDCDQ (LDCDQ-BE). METHODS AND PROCEDURES Questionnaires were completed by parents (n = 637) and teachers (n = 249) of children aged 3-5 years in regular schools. Additionally, motor development of 82 children was assessed with the M-ABC-2, Beery-VMI-6 and teacher's Motor Skill Checklist (MSC). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The LDCDQ-BE demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.92), moderate convergent validity with M-ABC-2 (r = 0.42), and weak to moderate concurrent validity to Beery-VMI-6 (r = 0.30-0.31) and teacher's rating on MSC (r = 0.27). Discriminant validity with M-ABC-2 and Beery-VMI-6 subtest Visual-Motor Integration is poor, but moderate with Beery-VMI-6 subtest Motor Coordination (p = 0.023) and MSC (p = 0.021). A fair agreement was established between parent's and teacher's rating (=0.308; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sensitivity of the LDCDQ-BE is low to moderate. It should be interpreted cautiously as predictive validity in children with DCD has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy De Roubaix
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Entrance 46, UZ Ghent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hilde Van Waelvelde
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Care Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Entrance 46, UZ Ghent, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Godoy-Cumillaf A, Fuentes-Merino P, Giakoni-Ramírez F, Duclos-Bastías D, Merellano-Navarro E. Effectiveness of a physical activity intervention on the overweight and obesity of Chilean schoolchildren. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30908. [PMID: 36181063 PMCID: PMC9524904 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical fitness is considered a measure that integrates most of the functions of the human organism that are involved in physical activity. Motor competence is important due to its observed implications in the physical, mental and social development of children and adolescents. These assessments require the existence of updated reference values that allow the categorization of individuals and groups according to levels of physical fitness and motor competence. This paper describes the study protocol to Effectiveness of a Physical Activity Intervention on the Overweight and Obesity of Chilean Schoolchildren, and in this way determine, through the calculation of a representative sample, reference values for physical fitness and motor competence in children aged 4 to 6 years in the region of La Araucanía, Chile. METHODS children in pre-basic education in transition grades I and II (4 and 5 years old), and those in the first year of basic education (6 years old) will be invited to participate. The sample will be probabilistic. The measures of a randomized controlled trial (registered in ClinicalTrial.gov NCT04194580) will be used. CONCLUSION the lack of reference values for physical condition and motor competence for children between 6 and 4 years of age in the Araucanía region highlights the need to establish values, which will contribute to improving the health of children of the age group to be worked on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Godoy-Cumillaf
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile. Grupo de investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida. Pedagogía en Educación Física, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paola Fuentes-Merino
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile. Grupo de investigación en Educación Física, Salud y Calidad de Vida. Pedagogía en Educación Física, Temuco, Chile
| | - Frano Giakoni-Ramírez
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Duclos-Bastías
- Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Eugenio Merellano-Navarro
- Departament of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- *Correspondence: Eugenio Merellano Navarro, Departament of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3530000, Chile (e-mail: )
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Faßbender DM, Kreffter K, Götz S, Hagemeister M, Lisak-Wahl S, Nguyen TH, Stemper T, Weyers S. Is the Level of Motor Development at School Entry Related to the Use of Municipal Exercise Programs? A Social-Differential Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053047. [PMID: 35270739 PMCID: PMC8910425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Children’s motor development is socially unevenly distributed despite many municipal exercise programs (EXP). It has not been sufficiently investigated whether and how they appeal to children from different social backgrounds. This study investigates the use of municipal EXP in preschool age and the association between participation and motor development considering social circumstances. In school entry health examinations, parents were asked about participating in various EXP (response = 65.5%; n = 6480). Motor development, i.e., body coordination and visual-motor coordination, were assessed by a social pediatric development screening, and social circumstances by migration background (MB) and parental education (PE). Poisson regression estimated adjusted Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR; 95% confidence interval, 95%—CI) for relationships between social circumstances and participation in programs and participation and body coordination/visual-motor coordination. Children with MB (IRR 0.73; 95%—CI 0.71–0.75) and low PE (IRR 0.45; 95%—CI 0.40–0.50) used EXP less often. Children participating less often have a finding in body- (IRR 0.76; 95%-CI 0.63–0.90) and visual-motor coordination (IRR 0.47; 95%—CI 0.35–0.62). Significant effects were found for children with and without MB and higher PE. Municipalities should make EXP more attractive for families with MB and low PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Faßbender
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Kreffter
- Hamm-Lippstadt, University of Applied Sciences, Marker Allee 76-78, 59063 Hamm, Germany
| | - Simon Götz
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Maurus Hagemeister
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lisak-Wahl
- Academy of Public Health Services, Kanzlerstrasse 4, 40472 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thuy Ha Nguyen
- IGES Institute, Friedrichstrasse 180, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodor Stemper
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Sport Science, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Simone Weyers
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Redondo-Tébar A, Ruiz-Hermosa A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Martín-Espinosa NM, Notario-Pacheco B, Sánchez-López M. Health-related quality of life in developmental coordination disorder and typical developing children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 119:104087. [PMID: 34598015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse: 1) the differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between typically developing (TD) children and children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) according to parents' and children's perception, and 2) the differences and level of agreement between parents and children's perceptions in HRQoL in both children's samples. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis in 115 Spanish schoolchildren 4-to-7 years. Motor competence and HRQoL were assessed using the MACB-2 and the KINDL-R questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS ANCOVA model showed that children with DCD children obtained lower scores in physical well-being, friends, school and total HRQoL dimensions than TD peers after controlling for covariates (p < 0.05). Moreover, parents' perception scores in HRQoL were lower in children with DCD than in TD peers (79.7 vs 84.8; p = 0.022). Student T-tests for repeated-measures showed non-significant differences between children and parents' perceptions in mean HRQoL scores, by motor competence categories. The intraclass correlations coefficients between parents and children's perception of HRQoL was moderate in DCD category (0.62; p = 0.024) and small in TD category (0.29; p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Children under 6 years old with DCD have lower HRQoL scores than their TD peers. No differences were found between children's and parents' perceptions in total HRQoL, although the perceptions of children and parents in DCD category showed a significantly higher level of agreement than TD children. Interventions aimed at promoting motor skills in school settings during the preschool age seem necessary to improve children's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Redondo-Tébar
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Research Center, Cuenca, España.
| | - Abel Ruiz-Hermosa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Research Center, Cuenca, España; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, GENUD Toledo Reseach Group, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Research Center, Cuenca, España; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
| | | | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Research Center, Cuenca, España; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Enfermería, Cuenca, España.
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Social and Health Research Center, Cuenca, España; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Educación, Ciudad Real, España.
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Children with Poor Motor Skills Have Lower Health-Related Fitness Compared to Typically Developing Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100867. [PMID: 34682134 PMCID: PMC8534468 DOI: 10.3390/children8100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Most of the current empirical evidence regarding the relationship between health-related fitness and level of motor performance is based on children from high-income countries. Yet, children from low-resource areas may have fewer opportunities to develop their fitness skills. The aim of the study was to determine if South African children from both low- and middle-income areas scoring below the 16th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (probable-Developmental Coordination Disorder (p-DCD)) have lower health-related fitness levels than typically developing (TD) children. We hypothesized that children with p-DCD would have lower overall health-related fitness than TD children. A sample of 146 participants aged 10 to 11 (10.05 years (SD = 0.41)) was collected from schools in the North West Province of South Africa, on the basis of their poverty classification. Children were tested for anaerobic capacity and strength using the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition (BOT-2) and aerobic capacity using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER). Body composition was evaluated using body mass index corrected for age and sex (BMI-z), body fat (BF), and waist circumference. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlations and chi-squared tests. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between groups for running and agility, strength, and aerobic capacity. No significant differences were found between p-DCD and TD groups in terms of body mass (36.1 kg vs. 33.3 kg), waist circumference (62.2 cm vs. 59.8 cm), BMI-z (19.7 vs. 17.6), and fat percentage (20.2 vs. 18.1%). Overweight and obesity prevalence was 15% in those with low socio-economic status (SES) and 27% in high SES. In conclusion, children with p-DCD had lower muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and endurance than TD children. Although it has been reported that children with p-DCD have a higher risk for overweight/obesity than TD children, this is not (yet) the case in 10-11-year-old children living in rural areas in South Africa (North West Province).
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Smits-Engelsman B, Verbecque E. Pediatric care for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, can we do better? Biomed J 2021; 45:250-264. [PMID: 34482014 PMCID: PMC9250084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper adopts a method of narrative critical review based on a non-systematic search of the literature to provide insights into the trends of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) treatment and to point out some future alternative approaches to prevent secondary health implications in children with DCD. The cause of DCD is unknown, but evidence suggests that these children have atypical brain structure and function. Interventions to help children cope with their activity limitations are effective in improving motor competence and motor skill related fitness in the short term. Although activity-orientated interventions can improve motor outcomes in children with DCD, high quality intervention trials and evaluation of long-term effects are urgently needed. Importantly, motor coordination problems associated with DCD extend to exercise-related activities leading to reduced participation in play and sports, which causes secondary problems in muscular fitness and body composition. Hence, treatment goals should not be limited to the improvement of motor skills (in ADL), but should also focus on health-related quality of life. We therefore propose when noticing motor problems in a child, already before enrolling but also during intervention, to explore ways to adapt everyday physical activities to optimally match the child's skill level. Hence, such activities will not only train the skills and improve physical fitness but will lead to positive engagement, thereby preventing the child from opting out of active play and sports. This provides the child with chances for exercise-dependent learning and will also positively impact social-emotional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouwien Smits-Engelsman
- Department of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University, Cape Town, South Africa; Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation, Faculty Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Evi Verbecque
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Hasselt University, Belgium, Agoralaan Building A, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Navarro-Patón R, Martín-Ayala JL, Martí González M, Hernández A, Mecías-Calvo M. Effect of a 6-Week Physical Education Intervention on Motor Competence in Pre-School Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091936. [PMID: 33946206 PMCID: PMC8124766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyze the impact of an intervention program performed by a specialist in physical education (PE) to contribute to the development of motor competence (MC) in pre-school children with motor development problems. The sample consisted of 28 children (12 from the intervention group and 16 from the control group) aged between 4.1 and 5.9 years (mean = 4.71 ± 0.54) who were in the fifth and sixth grades of pre-school education in two schools from Lugo, Spain. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used for data collection. The data revealed that, in the pre- and post-test intervention groups, there are statistically significant differences in manual dexterity (p < 0.001; d = 2.63), aiming and catching (p < 0.002; d = 1.13), balance (p < 0.001; d = 1.68), total test score (p < 0.001; d = 3.30) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; d = 1.88). Between the control and intervention post-test groups, significant differences were found in manual dexterity (p = 0.015; η2 = 0.22), aiming and catching (p = 0.003; η2 = 0.32), balance (p = 0.050; η2 = 0.15), total test score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.47) and total percentile score (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.48). Based on the results obtained, a specific MC program implemented by a PE specialist contributed to the improvement of manual dexterity, aiming and catching and balance, as well as a better percentile in the general MC of pre-school children diagnosed with motor skill problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Juan Luis Martín-Ayala
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.); (A.H.)
- Departamento de Educación, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche 24560, Mexico
| | - Mariacarla Martí González
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Alba Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain; (J.L.M.-A.); (M.M.G.); (A.H.)
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Industrial de Cantabria (CITICAN), 39011 Santander, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-244-244 (ext. 5125)
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Mecías-Calvo M, Lago-Fuentes C, Arufe-Giráldez V, Navarro-Patón R. Study of Motor Competence in 4-5-Year-Old Preschool Children: Are There Differences among Public and Private Schools? CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8050340. [PMID: 33926040 PMCID: PMC8145358 DOI: 10.3390/children8050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the presence of preschool children with severe motor difficulties (SMDs) and (2) to evaluate the existence of differences in the motor competence (MC) of preschool children from public and private schools based on gender. A total of 581 preschool children (4.66 ± 0.52 years) from Galicia (Spain) were assessed. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) was used to collect the data. Preschool children from public schools presented a greater number of SMDs (OR = 20.65; CI = 9.99–85.53; p < 0.001). Preschool children from private schools have higher scores on the variables studied (for example, manual dexterity (p < 0.001), aiming and catching (p < 0.001), balance (p < 0.001), total test score (p < 0.001), and total percentage score (p < 0.001)). Regarding the gender factor, differences were found in manual dexterity (p < 0.001), aiming and catching (p = 0.014), balance (p < 0.001), total test score (p < 0.001), total percentage score (p < 0.001), and in the interaction of both factors in balance (p < 0.001), total global score (p = 0.004), and total percentage score (p < 0.001). Preschool children from private schools are less likely to have severe movement problems and score higher on all dimensions of the MABC-2 than preschool children from public schools analyzed in this study. Likewise, girls score higher than boys in all dimensions, except in aiming and catching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Industrial de Cantabria (CITICAN), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Lago-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-942-244-244
| | - Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain;
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Sung MC, Ku B, Leung W, MacDonald M. The Effect of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Function Among People with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1030-1050. [PMID: 33856619 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current meta-analysis comprehensively examined the effects of physical activity interventions on executive function among people with neurodevelopmental disorders. The meta-analysis included 34 studies with 1058 participants aged 5-33 years. Results indicated an overall significant medium effect of physical activity interventions on improving executive function in people with neurodevelopmental disorders under the random-effect model (Hedges' g = 0.56, p < .001). Significant moderators of the effects of physical activity intervention on executive function included age, intervention length and session time, executive function subdomains, and intervention dose (total minutes in the intervention). This meta-analysis provides support for the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on executive function among people with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future studies and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Sung
- Adapted Physical Activity, Kinesiology, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Rm 8 Women's Building, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Byungmo Ku
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Willie Leung
- Adapted Physical Activity, Kinesiology, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Rm 8 Women's Building, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Megan MacDonald
- Adapted Physical Activity, Kinesiology, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Rm 8 Women's Building, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Jaikaew R, Satiansukpong N. Movement performance and movement difficulties in typical school-aged children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249401. [PMID: 33831074 PMCID: PMC8031441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is an impairment of executive motor skills. Children aged 7-10 years gradually develop effective movement that enables smooth performance in various daily self-care, academic and sport activities. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition-Age Band 2, (MABC2-AB2), which is a western standardized test, could be used in Thai children for differentiating between movement performance and movement difficulties. METHOD Three hundred and sixty typical Thai children aged 7-10 years old were recruited from three primary schools in Chiang Mai district, Thailand. The participants were divided into four age groups and tested using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition-Age Band 2-Thai version (MABC2-AB2-T). RESULTS Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance rose with age increment. Older participants had better movement performance than younger ones. The results showed that 91.11 percent of the participants had typical movement, while 3.61 and 5.28 percent of them had movement difficulty and movement at risk, respectively. In addition, three test items: Drawing Trail, Walking Heel to Toe Forward, and Hopping on Mats had a ceiling effect when used for Thai children. CONCLUSION The MABC2-AB2-T could be used to assess movement performance and movement difficulties in Thai children. About 9 percent of typical Thai children aged 7-10 years old needed early intervention. Administration of the three test items may need to be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Jaikaew
- Master Student, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuntanee Satiansukpong
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Department of Occupational Therapy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Montes-Montes R, Delgado-Lobete L, Rodríguez-Seoane S. Developmental Coordination Disorder, Motor Performance, and Daily Participation in Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:187. [PMID: 33804502 PMCID: PMC8000379 DOI: 10.3390/children8030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often present with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) or motor coordination problems that further impact their daily functioning. However, little is known about the prevalence of co-occurring DCD and ADHD in the Spanish context, and research about the impact of ADHD on performance and participation in motor-based activities of daily living (ADL) is scarce. The aims of this study were to explore the prevalence of co-occurring DCD in children with ADHD, and to examine differences in performance and participation in motor-based ADL between children with ADHD and typically developing children. We conducted a case-control study including 20 children with ADHD and 40 typically developing controls randomly matched for exact age and sex (males = 80%; mean age = 8, 9 (2, 3) years). Presence of probable DCD (p-DCD) was confirmed with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ). The DCDDaily-Q was administered to assess performance and participation in ADL. A 75% prevalence of p-DCD was found in the ADHD group (OR = 27; p < 0.001). Children with ADHD showed poorer motor performance and less participation in ADL (p < 0.01; d = 0.9-1.4). These findings contribute to understand the functional consequences of ADHD in motor-based ADL and its relationship with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Research Centre of the Galician University System, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), Universidade da Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Motor Development among Spanish Preschool Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8010041. [PMID: 33445647 PMCID: PMC7828156 DOI: 10.3390/children8010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze motor development of Spanish preschoolers, taking into account sex and age, being an only child, prematurity, and the practice of extracurricular activities. The sample was composed of 300 preschoolers (132 girls, 168 boys) ages 3 to 6 years. Preschoolers were tested on 12 fundamental motor skills (locomotor and object control) through the Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition (TGMD-2). Nonparametric analysis indicated that there are differences between girls and boys in locomotor and object control skills in the age range of 3–4 years. However, boys and girls scored similarly at the age of 5 years in locomotor development. There were not differences between only children and those who are not only children. Similarly, prematurity was not associated with locomotor and object control development. Nevertheless, those preschoolers who practice extracurricular physical activities scored significantly higher in comparison with those children do not. Further research is needed to shed light on the differences between boys and girls in object control. It may be explained by the types of extracurricular activities.
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Gallotta MC, Zimatore G, Falcioni L, Migliaccio S, Lanza M, Schena F, Biino V, Giuriato M, Bellafiore M, Palma A, Battaglia G, Baldari C, Guidetti L. Influence of Geographical Area and Living Setting on Children's Weight Status, Motor Coordination, and Physical Activity. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:794284. [PMID: 35127594 PMCID: PMC8812466 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.794284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed (i) to examine the effect of living setting (rural vs. urban), geographical area (North vs. Center vs. South), and gender (boys vs. girls) on weight status, motor coordination, and physical activity (PA) level of Italian school-age children; (ii) to examine differences in the neighborhood walkability of different school areas from different geographical areas and living settings; and (iii) to examine whether motor coordination, PA level, geographical areas, living setting, neighborhood walkability, and gender could predict children's weight status. We assessed anthropometric parameters, gross motor coordination, and PA level in 1,549 children aged between 8 and 13 years. Results revealed that Central children had higher BMI than Northern and Southern children (η2 = 0.01). Moreover, Northern children showed the highest motor quotient (η2 = 0.148) and PA level (η2 = 0.02), followed by Southern and Central children, respectively. Children from the South of Italy attended schools located in neighborhoods with the highest Walk Score®. Urban children attended schools located in neighborhoods with a higher Walk Score® than rural children. Lower motor quotient (MQ), lower PA level, and living in a rural setting and in a car-dependent neighborhood were associated with a higher relative risk for obesity. Being a girl was associated with a lower relative risk for obesity. The alarming high percentage of overweight and obesity in children as well as motor coordination impairments revealed the urgent need of targeted PA interventions in pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Gallotta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Zimatore
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy.,CNR (National Research Council) Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falcioni
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Lanza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Schena
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Biino
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Giuriato
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marianna Bellafiore
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Palma
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Unicusano, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
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Blanco-Martínez N, Delgado-Lobete L, Montes-Montes R, Ruiz-Pérez N, Ruiz-Pérez M, Santos-del-Riego S. Participation in Everyday Activities of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7100157. [PMID: 33019630 PMCID: PMC7600717 DOI: 10.3390/children7100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) often report significant difficulties performing activities of daily living (ADLs), which may restrict their daily participation. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in ADLs participation between children with NDDs and typically developing (TD) children, and to explore the associations between different daily participation contexts. A cross-sectional study was conducted that included twenty children with a medical diagnosis of an NDD and 26 sex- and age-matched TD controls. The daily participation across home, community, school, and instrumental living activities was measured using the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation (CASP). The results show that children with NDDs engaged in lower participation in all CASP contexts (Δ = 1.7-5.5, p < 0.001) and had a significantly higher prevalence of moderate or severe restricted participation than their TD peers (OR = 23.4, 95% CI = 3.6-154.2, p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong association was found between the different contexts of participation (r = 0.642-0.856). Overall, the children with NDDs experienced significant participation restrictions on their daily activities. This study adds to the growing evidence showing that intervention strategies in this population should adopt a participation-oriented approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Blanco-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
- Faculty of Educational Sciences & Sports, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-014-339
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- TALIONIS Research Group, Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Pérez
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
| | - Marcos Ruiz-Pérez
- University College of Teacher Training, University of Vigo, 36214 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 A Coruña, Spain; (N.B.-M.); (S.S.-d.-R.)
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Fastame MC. The contribution of motor functions to academic achievement in primary school: State of the art and future directions. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034320954494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to point out the role played by motor skills proficiency in the academic achievement of typically and atypically developing pupils who are attending primary school. First, the interplay between motor and cognitive development will be presented. Next, the cognitive phenotype, not yet deeply investigated, of a neurodevelopmental condition associated with the atypical development of motor functions (known as Developmental Coordination Disorder) will be illustrated. Thus, the contribution of motor functions to academic learning and the impact of motor difficulties for pupils attending primary school will be discussed. In addition, the importance of developing observational tools to be used in educational settings and the need for effective interventions designed to empower motor functioning and academic achievement of atypically developing pupils with motor deficits will be highlighted. Finally, future directions within the educational agencies for the early detection of the atypically developing motor trajectories and their treatment will be traced.
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Adi-Japha E, Brestel G. Motor skill learning with impaired transfer by children with developmental coordination disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 103:103671. [PMID: 32505098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DSM-5 criteria for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) emphasize deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills. Previous studies of motor skill learning in DCD suggest deficits in the execution of motor skills but do not reveal a deficit in learning new skills, possibly because of the heterogeneity of motor deficits in DCD. AIM In light of the high prevalence of handwriting difficulties among children with DCD, the current study compared motor skill learning in 5-6-year-old children with DCD and their peers using a grapho-motor learning task that resembles a letter-writing practice. METHODS Thirty-two boys, 16 with DCD, learned to produce a new "letter" formed by connecting three dots. Training, following-day consolidation, 1-week post-training retention, and far-transfer to a no-dot condition were tested. RESULTS Children with DCD exhibited rates of learning similar to those of their peers, but with overall poorer performance, replicating previous findings. Contrary to reports of intact skill transfer following a consolidation period in DCD, impaired transfer of the learned symbol was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings may explain some of the motor difficulties experienced by children with DCD as well as contribute to the discussion on mechanisms involved in skill learning in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Adi-Japha
- School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, Israel; The Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.
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Interrelation of Individual, Country and Activity Constraints in Motor Activities of Daily Living among Typically Developing Children: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Spanish and Dutch Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051705. [PMID: 32150951 PMCID: PMC7084741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Motor performance is influenced by individual, environmental, and task constraints. Children perform differently according to individual (i.e., sex), environmental (i.e., country), and task (i.e., type of activity) factors. However, little is known about the effect of the interaction between sex and country factors across different activities of daily living (ADL) learning, participation, and performance. The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sex, country, and type of activity in motor-based ADL learning, participation, and performance in five-to-eight-year-old, typically developing children. Additionally, we aimed to compare the prevalence of probable Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) across sex and country. The DCDDaily-Q was used to assess ADL learning, participation, and performance in 300 age and sex-matched children from Spain and The Netherlands. The prevalence of probable DCD was determined based on the total ADL performance score. Results showed that differences in ADL learning, participation and performance differed across sex and country (p < 0.05). Prevalence of probable DCD was statistically similar in both countries. These findings show that daily participation and performance in typically developing children may be influenced by individual, country, and task constraints, and that country and sex may have different influences on particular tasks.
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Reference Values for Fitness Level and Gross Motor Skills of 4-6-Year-Old Chilean Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030797. [PMID: 32012827 PMCID: PMC7038087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In childhood, fitness level is considered an important indicator of health, while gross motor skills are the basis of future motor competence. So far, no reference values have been found for the Chilean population. Therefore, this study aims to provide fitness level and gross motor skill reference values by gender and age of Chilean children aged 4–6 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted that included 728 children between 4 and 6 years old from the La Araucanía region of Chile. To assess the fitness level, the 20-m shuttle run test, standing long jump, handgrip dynamometry, 4x10m shuttle run, and Sit and Reach tests were used. Gross motor skills were assessed by five tests including aiming and catching and balance motor tasks. For fitness level, boys have better values in the long jump and dynamometry test, while girls have better values in flexibility. For estimated maximum volume of oxygen, at 5 years old there are significant differences in favour of boys, while at 6 years old in favour of girls. No statistically significant differences in speed/agility by gender were found. For gross motor skills, boys obtain higher values for catching and aiming tests, and girls for balance. The reference values for fitness level and gross motor skills shown in this study could aid physical education and health professionals in identifying children with low reference values, as well as in establishing objectives that will help to improve their health.
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Montes-Montes R, Delgado-Lobete L, Pereira J, Schoemaker MM, Santos-del-Riego S, Pousada T. Identifying Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder via Parental Questionnaires. Spanish Reference Norms for the DCDDaily-Q-ES and Correlation with the DCDQ-ES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E555. [PMID: 31952254 PMCID: PMC7014077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in school-aged children, with major consequences in psychosocial and physical health. Adequate identification of this disorder is necessary to prompt effective interventions. The aims of this study were to develop the Spanish adjusted reference norms for the DCDDaily-Q and to test the correlation and agreement between the Spanish versions of the DCDDaily-Q (DCDDaily-Q-ES) and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ-ES), two reliable instruments to assess motor performance and DCD. Clinically relevant percentiles were calculated for the DCDDaily-Q-ES using a representative sample of Spanish children aged 5 to 10 years (n = 356; M = 7.3 years, SD = 1.8; boys = 50%). Pearson's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine correlation and agreement between questionnaires, respectively. A moderate and significant correlation and agreement between DCDDaily-Q-ES and DCDQ-ES was found (r = 0.406; ICC = 0.381; p < 0.001). Differences in daily participation and performance were found between age groups, but not between boys and girls. Spanish age-adjusted percentiles and cutoff scores for DCDDaily-Q-ES are provided. This study offers further validation and relevant information regarding assessment of DCD and has practical implications for clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Montes-Montes
- Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), TALIONIS Research Group, University of A Coruña, 15008 Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-M.); (J.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Laura Delgado-Lobete
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 Coruña, Spain;
| | - Javier Pereira
- Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), TALIONIS Research Group, University of A Coruña, 15008 Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-M.); (J.P.); (T.P.)
| | - Marina M. Schoemaker
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sergio Santos-del-Riego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Integration and Promotion Research Unit (INTEGRA SAÚDE), University of A Coruña, 15011 Coruña, Spain;
| | - Thais Pousada
- Centre for Information and Communications Technology Research (CITIC), TALIONIS Research Group, University of A Coruña, 15008 Coruña, Spain; (R.M.-M.); (J.P.); (T.P.)
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Eddy LH, Wood ML, Shire KA, Bingham DD, Bonnick E, Creaser A, Mon-Williams M, Hill LJB. A systematic review of randomized and case-controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of school-based motor skill interventions in 3- to 12-year-old children. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:773-790. [PMID: 31329292 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that children identified with impaired motor skills can respond well to intensive therapeutic interventions delivered via occupational and physical therapy services. There is, however, a need to explore alternative approaches to delivering interventions outside traditional referral-based clinic settings because limited resources mean such health services often struggle to meet demand. This review sets out to systematically assess the evidence for and against school-based interventions targeted at improving the motor skills of children aged between 3 and 12 years old. METHOD Five electronic databases were searched systematically (AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane, Medline, and PsycINFO) for peer-reviewed articles published between January 2012 and July 2018. Studies were eligible if they implemented a school-based motor skill intervention with a randomized or case-controlled trial design that objectively measured motor skills as an outcome, which were not specific to an athletic or sporting skill. Participants had to be aged between 3 and 12 years old and free from neurological disorders known to affect muscle function. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies encompassed interventions targeted at training: fundamental movement skills, handwriting, fine, and global motor skills. The majority of these studies reported beneficial impact on motor function specifically, but some interventions also assessed subsequent impacts on activity and participation (but not well-being). A number of the studies had methodological shortcomings that means these results need to be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Schools appear to be an effective setting for motor skill interventions, but the extent of benefit likely depends on the type of intervention. Moreover, confirmation is needed as to whether benefits extend beyond motor function into everyday activities, participation, and well-being. Future research should include follow-up measures to assess the longer term efficacy of school-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy H Eddy
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Megan L Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Katy A Shire
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Daniel D Bingham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Emma Bonnick
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Amy Creaser
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Mark Mon-Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Liam J B Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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Lee K, Jung T, Lee DK, Lim JC, Lee E, Jung Y, Lee Y. A comparison of using the DSM-5 and MABC-2 for estimating the developmental coordination disorder prevalence in Korean children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 94:103459. [PMID: 31476726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous literature has shown inconsistency in the prevalence of developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition (MABC-2) is often used for DCD prevalence studies, although the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) recommends four criteria. AIMS The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of DCD in Korean children using the DSM-5 and MABC-2. METHODS A total of 548 Korean elementary school students (mean age: 8.5 years ± 4.5 months) completed this study procedure. All four criteria defined by the DSM-5 were used to classify children with DCD. MABC-2 test scores were used to classify students into four subgroups: high-risk DCD, mild-risk DCD, probable DCD and typical development. RESULTS Cohen's kappa revealed that the estimates of DCD prevalence were not significantly different between MABC-2 and DSM-5. When DSM-5 criteria were applied, 60 children out of 548 were classified as probable DCD (10.94%) compared to 70 children with probable DCD (12.77%) when MABC-2 was used. CONCLUSIONS DCD prevalence based on DSM-5 is not significantly different from MABC-2, though it tends to estimate less than MABC-2. Future studies should consider our findings when selecting an assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyujin Lee
- California State University, Northridge, USA
| | - Taeyou Jung
- California State University, Northridge, USA
| | | | | | - Eunbi Lee
- California State University, Northridge, USA
| | | | - Yongho Lee
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Delgado-Lobete L, Santos-Del-Riego S, Pértega-Díaz S, Montes-Montes R. Prevalence of suspected developmental coordination disorder and associated factors in Spanish classrooms. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 86:31-40. [PMID: 30654220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a multifactorial, neurodevelopmental motor disorder that severely affects the activities of a child's daily life and classroom performance. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of suspected DCD in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren and its association with socio-demographic factors. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including a random sample of 460 children attending mainstream schools in northwest Spain in 2017. A Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire-European Spanish was used to evaluate suspected DCD prevalence. We performed multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis to determine the socio-demographic variables associated with suspected DCD and problematic motor coordination performance. RESULTS The prevalence of suspected DCD was 12.2%. According to the multivariate analysis, DCD symptoms were significantly associated with males (OR = 3.0), ages above 10 years old (OR = 5.0) and low participation in out-of-school physical activities (OR = 2.3). Preterm birth children were twice as likely to show suspected DCD, although this association was not statistically significant (OR = 2.1). CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of Spanish schoolchildren are at risk for developing DCD. There is a strong connection between suspected DCD and socio-demographic factors. Protocols aimed to detect DCD and intervention programmes in classrooms designed to promote motor coordination skills need to take these factors into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - Sonia Pértega-Díaz
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain
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