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Locke M, Feicht B, Stone MR, Burke E, Rehman L, Kirk SFL, Faulkner G, Moore SA. "Losing access to outdoor spaces was the biggest challenge for children to be healthy": pandemic restrictions and community supports for children's movement in Nova Scotia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1415626. [PMID: 39171314 PMCID: PMC11335493 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Health-focused communities can promote physical activity for children by providing them with safe and supportive environments to move. Across the COVID-19 pandemic many community spaces and services were closed due to public health restrictions. During the pandemic, Atlantic Canada uniquely implemented an agreement between four provinces to restrict travel and reduce the spread of the virus. The "Atlantic bubble" led to fewer cases of COVID-19 and restrictions to community spaces and services. With restrictions now removed, community spaces and services likely play a critical role in facilitating the recalibration of children's movement. Perspectives from families who experienced the "Atlantic bubble" may offer valuable insights to the use of these spaces during and after the removal of restrictions. Objective This study explored the role of community spaces and services on their child's physical activity across the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of Nova Scotia caregivers. Methods We employed a qualitative description approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 caregivers of children aged 5-11 years who lived in Nova Scotia, Canada. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Four themes were generated: (1) Public health restrictions limited community movement behaviors and social connections, (2) Spaces, locations, and environments influenced how families experienced physical activity during public health restrictions, (3) Virtual realities: screens supported a new sense of community for children throughout the pandemic, and (4) "Facilitated" and "forced adaptability": public health restrictions changed family dynamics, routines, and movement behaviors. Conclusion Despite living in the "Atlantic bubble," Nova Scotian caregivers shared that COVID-19 related public health restrictions shifted their family's dynamics, routines, and ability to engage in physical activity within their communities. Community spaces and services can be leveraged to recalibrate children's movement as pandemic-related restrictions are reduced. In future public health crises, community spaces and services should remain in place to whatever extent possible to reduce the collateral consequences of public health restrictions on children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Locke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Becky Feicht
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michelle R. Stone
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Burke
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Laurene Rehman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sara F. L. Kirk
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah A. Moore
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Peres M, Moreira-Rosário A, Padeira G, Gaspar Silva P, Correia C, Nunes A, Garcia E, Faria A, Teixeira D, Calhau C, Pereira-da-Silva L, Ferreira AC, Rocha JC. Biochemical and Anthropometric Outcomes in Paediatric Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia after COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns: An Exploratory Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2170. [PMID: 38999917 PMCID: PMC11242984 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns affected the lifestyles of children and adolescents, leading to an increase in childhood obesity. Paediatric patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) may be more susceptible to lockdown effects due to their increased cardiovascular risk. However, data are lacking. We investigated the effect of lockdowns on the metabolic profile of paediatric patients with FH. Blood lipids and anthropometry measured in September 2021-April 2022 were retrospectively compared with pre-pandemic values. Thirty participants were included (1-16 years; 57% female). From baseline to post-pandemic, median [P25, P75] blood LDL-C concentration was 125 [112, 150] mg/dL vs. 125 [100, 147] mg/dL (p = 0.894); HDL-C was 58 [52, 65] mg/dL vs. 56 [51, 61] mg/dL (p = 0.107); triglycerides were 64 [44, 86] mg/dL vs. 59 [42, 86] mg/dL (p = 0.178). The BMI z-score did not change significantly (0.19 [-0.58, 0.89] vs. 0.30 [-0.48, 1.10], p = 0.524). The lack of deterioration in metabolic profiles during lockdowns is positive, as some deterioration was expected. We speculate that patients and caregivers were successfully educated about healthy lifestyle and dietary habits. Our results should be interpreted with caution since the study sample was small and heterogeneous. Multicentre research is needed to better understand the impact of lockdowns on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peres
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Padeira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gaspar Silva
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Correia
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Nunes
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Garcia
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Medicine of Woman, Childhood and Adolescence Academic Area, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Center for Health Technology and Services Research, NOVA Medical School, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Unidade Local de Saúde São José, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal
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Singh K, Armstrong SC, Wagner BE, Counts J, Skinner A, Kay M, Li JS, Shah S, Zucker N, Neshteruk C, Story M, Suarez L, Kraus WE, Zizzi AR, Dunn J. Physical activity and sleep changes among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:70. [PMID: 38493216 PMCID: PMC10944532 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Daily routines, including in-person school and extracurricular activities, are important for maintaining healthy physical activity and sleep habits in children. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted daily routines as in-person school and activities closed to prevent spread of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to examine and assess differences in objectively measured physical activity levels and sleep patterns from wearable sensors in children with obesity before, during, and after a period of school and extracurricular activity closures associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared average step count and sleep patterns (using the Mann-Whitney U Test) before and during the pandemic-associated school closures by using data from activity tracker wristbands (Garmin VivoFit 3). Data were collected from 94 children (aged 5-17) with obesity, who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial testing a community-based lifestyle intervention for a duration of 12-months. During the period that in-person school and extracurricular activities were closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, children with obesity experienced objectively-measured decreases in physical activity, and sleep duration. From March 15, 2020 to March 31, 2021, corresponding with local school closures, average daily step count decreased by 1655 steps. Sleep onset and wake time were delayed by about an hour and 45 min, respectively, while sleep duration decreased by over 12 min as compared with the pre-closure period. Step counts increased with the resumption of in-person activities. These findings provide objective evidence for parents, clinicians, and public health professionals on the importance of in-person daily activities and routines on health behaviors, particularly for children with pre-existing obesity. Trial Registration: Clinical trial registration: NCT03339440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnika Singh
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Armstrong
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brooke E Wagner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julie Counts
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Asheley Skinner
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melissa Kay
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer S Li
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati Shah
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Zucker
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cody Neshteruk
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Population Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lilianna Suarez
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra R Zizzi
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessilyn Dunn
- Duke University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke University Department of Biostatistics, Durham, NC, USA.
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Panagi L, Newlove-Delgado T, White SR, Bennett S, Heyman I, Shafran R, Ford T. Trends in comorbid physical and mental health conditions in children from 1999 to 2017 in England. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:33-38. [PMID: 36418506 PMCID: PMC9685012 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with long-term physical health conditions (pLTCs) are at increased risk of mental health conditions but less is known about time trends in the mental health of this group of children. METHODS We used data from three comparable, population-based surveys of children conducted in 1999, 2004, and 2017. We examined whether the proportion of children aged 5-15 years old with comorbid mental health conditions (measured using the multi-informant Development and Well-being Assessment tool) and pLTCs (measured using parental report) in England increased from 1999 to 2017 using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Our analysis used data from 8662 (1999), 6401 (2004) and 6219 (2017) children, respectively. The proportion of children with comorbid pLTCs and psychiatric disorders was 0.050 (95% CI = 0.045, 0.055) in 1999, 0.054 (95% CI = 0.049, 0.060) in 2004, and 0.059 (95% CI = 0.053, 0.065) in 2017. The linear regression model revealed a non-significant effect of time on the proportion of children with comorbid pLTCs and psychiatric disorders from 1999 to 2017 (B = 0.0004785; SE = 0.0001256; p = 0.163). CONCLUSION The estimated prevalence of school-aged children with comorbid pLTCs and mental health conditions in England remained stable since 1999, highlighting the need to prioritize mental health resources for children with physical health comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Panagi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Biomedical Innovation Hub/Bay 13, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OAH, UK.
| | - Tamsin Newlove-Delgado
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Simon R White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Biomedical Innovation Hub/Bay 13, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OAH, UK
| | - Sophie Bennett
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Isobel Heyman
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, The Clifford Allbutt Building, Biomedical Innovation Hub/Bay 13, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 OAH, UK
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Sharma N, Chahal A, Sharma A. Chest Physiotherapy Interventions for Children During SARS-COV-2 Pandemic. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:96-107. [PMID: 37098728 PMCID: PMC10133862 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231169892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2/Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) was discovered in Wuhan, China, it spread to vast limits globally and became a public health disaster, affecting nearly all countries around the globe. Along with mainstream medical treatment, alternative medicine desperately was the need of the hour for youngsters to manage their symptoms while being self-quarantined and ultimately to improve their chances of survival and recovery from COVID-19. Since the beginning of SARS-COV-2, few studies address the clinical-functional presentation of viral infection and management with physiotherapy for children. Major online electronic databases PubMed, PEDro, and Google Scholar were researched to identify, organize and commission the current review. To create a search strategy, Medical Subject Headings and Descriptors of Science and Health were utilized. The authors looked for other studies by screening the references list of the potentially pertinent papers. These computerized searches turned up studies and those studies' bibliographies with pertinent citations were examined. Personal protective equipment was a crucial component for protection and contact precaution. Following hypoxia, effective oxygen therapy is administered right away. When necessary, under the right circumstances, nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, lung-protective breathing methods, and prone positioning can be used. Children with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 may benefit from physiotherapy interventions with a focus on ventilatory management, airway clearance procedures, early activities, and mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Neurological Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Aksh Chahal
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Medical and Allied Health Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 20320, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Paediatric and Neonatal Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, India
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Scott JJ, Vernon L, Metse AP. The International Framework for School Health Promotion: Supporting Young People Through and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:920-929. [PMID: 37434426 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The worldwide COVID-19 government restrictions imposed on young people to limit virus spread have precipitated a growing and long-term educational and health crisis. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY This novel study used Sen's Capabilities Approach as a theoretical framework to examine the current health and educational impacts of COVID-19 on youth, referencing emerging literature. The objective was to inform the design of an internationally relevant framework for school health promotion to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Mapping of existing health resources, internal/external conversion factors and capabilities were used to identify classroom, school and system level strategies that will enable young people to flourish. Four central enablers were identified and used in the design of the International Framework for School Health Promotion (IFSHP). IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE AND EQUITY The IFSHP can be used by educational institutions, school leaders and teachers to innovate existing health promotion programs, policies and practices to support young people through and after the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS School systems, schools and teachers are encouraged to utilize the IFSHP to review and innovate existing school health programs to ensure they meet the increased physical and mental health needs of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Scott
- School of Education and Tertiary Access, University of the Sunshine Coast; Sippy Downs, QLD, 4556, Australia; School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Lynette Vernon
- School of Education, Edith Cowan University, Mount Lawley, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Alexandra P Metse
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Raub A, Heymann J. Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries. GLOBAL SOCIAL POLICY 2023; 23:247-267. [PMID: 38603401 PMCID: PMC9468866 DOI: 10.1177/14680181221123800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In April 2020, nearly 1.6 billion learners were out of school. While a growing body of literature has documented the detrimental impact of these closures on children, less attention has been devoted to the steps countries took to mitigate the impact of these closures on working families. Paid leave is recognized as an important policy tool to enable working parents the time they need to respond to family needs without risking job or income loss. This article uses a novel data set to assess whether countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic to respond to increased care needs and the extent to which policies were introduced or expanded during the pandemic to fill the gap. Only 48 countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic that could be used to respond to the care needs created by school and childcare center closures. In the vast majority of these countries, the duration of leave in these policies was too short to meet the care needs of the pandemic or relied on parents reserving extended parental leave options. Only 36 countries passed new legislation during the pandemic, but the majority of those that did covered the full duration of closures. As countries continue to face COVID-19 and consider how to better prepare for the next pandemic, emergency childcare paid leave policies should be part of pandemic preparedness frameworks to prevent further exacerbating inequalities. The policies introduced during the pandemic offer a wide range of approaches for countries to identify feasible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Raub
- University of California, Los Angeles, USA; The University of Melbourne, Australia
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Renner I, Ulrich SM, Neumann A, Chakraverty D. [Families with infants and toddlers in the COVID-19 pandemic: parental stress and child development considering social class]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03744-x. [PMID: 37470841 PMCID: PMC10371926 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is now well established empirically that families and children who could not attend educational and childcare institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced disadvantages. This is particularly true for families in poverty. However, little is known about the situation of families with young children. The aim of the paper is to investigate (1) to what extent families with infants and toddlers also experienced their situation during the pandemic as stressful, (2) whether there were differences depending on social class, (3) how the pandemic affected the healthy development of infants and toddlers, and (4) to what extent class-related differences can also be identified in this. METHODS The German National Centre for Early Prevention conducted a nationally representative survey of families with children of age 0 to 3 years in April to December 2022, "Kinder in Deutschland 0‑3 2022" (N = 7821). The KiD 0‑3 study combines a parent survey on family psychosocial burden and resources with pediatric documentation of child development. RESULTS Parents with very young children experienced their situation in the COVID-19 pandemic as stressful. A clear difference depending on social class emerged. Both from the parents' perspective and in pediatric judgment, the pandemic had a negative impact on social and affective development even in young children. These effects were more pronounced in children from families experiencing poverty than in children from families not receiving basic government benefits. DISCUSSION In order to mitigate the psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for families and to improve children's chances of growing up in a healthy way that promotes their development, it is necessary to support families in need without stigmatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Renner
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, In der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung, Maarweg 149-161, 50825, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - Susanne M Ulrich
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut, München, Deutschland
| | - Anna Neumann
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, In der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung, Maarweg 149-161, 50825, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Digo Chakraverty
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, In der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung, Maarweg 149-161, 50825, Köln, Deutschland
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Li P, Wu T, Yang F, Luo H, Jiang D, Mu Y, Xiong T. Preschoolers' screen time in China before and during COVID-19 lockdown: a parental survey. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001776. [PMID: 37094975 PMCID: PMC10151236 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since COVID-19 first appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the disease has spread rapidly across the country. To reduce the spread of infection, schools including kindergartens were closed. Prolonged home confinement can affect children's behaviour. Therefore, we investigated the change of preschoolers' total daily screen time during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS In the parental survey, 1121 preschoolers, whose parents or grandparents completed an online survey from 1 June 2020 to 5 June 2020, were enrolled. PRIMARY OUTCOME Total daily screen time. Multivariable modelling was performed to identify factors associated with increased screen time. RESULTS The results showed that preschoolers' total daily screen time during lockdown(median 2.5 hours, IQR 2.5 hours) was significantly longer than it was before lockdown (median 1.5 hours, IQR 1.0 hour). Older age (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.48), higher annual household income (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.34),and decrease of moderate-vigorous physical activity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.66) were independently associated with increased screen time. CONCLUSIONS Preschoolers' total daily screen time significantly increased during lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wang Jiang Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Decheng Jiang
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Mu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- National Office for Maternal and Child Health Surveillance of China, Department of Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
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10
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Johnson AM, Knell G, Walker TJ, Kroshus E. Differences in American adolescent sport participation during the COVID-19 pandemic by learning mode: A national survey. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102151. [PMID: 36820265 PMCID: PMC9933460 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relation between learning mode with sport participation and compare participation prevalence in different settings by learning mode among United States adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional, national survey was conducted by a market research company (December 2021-January 2022) among parents whose child participated in sports pre-pandemic. Parents were asked about their child's learning mode (in-person, online, hybrid); sports participation (yes/no) during the pandemic; and participation setting (school, community, club/elite). Weighted logistic regression models examined the relation between learning mode with sport participation. Weighted prevalence estimates of participation setting were compared by learning mode. Among youth included in the analysis (n = 500; Meanage = 14.0 years), 71.0% played sports during the pandemic. Learning mode was significantly associated with participating (versus not participating) among adolescents attending school online (aOR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04-0.18) and in a hybrid modality (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15-0.58) versus those attending in-person. Those attending school online (versus in-person or hybrid) had significantly lower participation prevalence in community, school, and club/elite sports. Findings may reflect parents opting out of in-person activities or schools canceling organized sport opportunities. To inform engagement strategies, research is needed to understand reasons for declined participation and extent to which participation resumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M. Johnson
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Corresponding author at: 5499 Aztec Bowl, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Gregory Knell
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA,Center for Pediatric Population Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Dallas, TX, USA,Children’s Health Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Timothy J. Walker
- Department of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Kroshus
- Work conducted while at the Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, Kadavigere R, N SK, Palaniswamy HP, Uppoor R, Ravichandran K, Almeshari M, Alzamil Y, Abanomy A. Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults-A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215120. [PMID: 36429835 PMCID: PMC9690278 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the workplace has become desk-based and leisure time has become dominated by digital relaxation modes, the world is moving at a pace where physical activity has become a time-bound routine. The negative effects of extended sitting are a global concern since the workforce is becoming more desk based. There is a dearth of reviews that may link the knowledge on the effects of sedentary behaviour on hypertension and its accompanying damage to the brain and blood vessels and provide a future scope for the investigations connected to the relationship between sedentary behaviour and hypertension. Methods: Based on the database search and extensive research we did, we found studies that concentrated on the adverse effects of sedentary behaviour in association with blood pressure, cognitive decline and brain damage on adults. Results: We extracted 12 articles out of 20,625. We identified the potential adverse effects of sedentary behaviour, methods to reduce sedentary behaviour and the positive changes on health due to the interventions introduced. Sedentary lifestyle has shown a decline in human health. However, the visible symptoms presented later in life makes it very important to know the areas of decline and look for ways to curb the decline or procrastinate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, MCHP, MAHE, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Raghuraj Uppoor
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, K S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE Deemed to Be University, Derelakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Burns RD, Armstrong JA. Associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity and mental health during COVID-19: A mediation analysis using the 2021 adolescent behaviors and experiences survey. Prev Med 2022; 164:107299. [PMID: 36228874 PMCID: PMC9550276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of connectedness and parental behaviors with adolescent physical activity (PA) and mental health during COVID-19. Participants were a representative sample of US high school students who completed the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES; N = 7705; 50.4% female). ABES was completed online during the spring of 2021 and data were analyzed during the spring of 2022. Independent variables were items asking about perceived school and virtual connectedness, parental emotional abuse, and parental monitoring. Latent variables represented both PA and mental health. Two weighted structural equation models tested the associations between connectedness, parental behaviors, and mental health mediated through PA (Model 1) and between connectedness, parental behaviors, and PA mediated through mental health (Model 2) with indirect effect confidence intervals obtained using Monte Carlo simulations. School connectedness directly associated with better mental health in Model 1 (β = 0.17, p < 0.001) and with higher PA in Model 2 (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) while virtual connectedness directly associated with higher PA in Model 2 (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). Parental emotional abuse directly associated with poorer mental health in Model 1 (β = -0.43, p < 0.001). Standardized indirect effects to better mental health mediated through higher PA were observed for school connectedness (IE = 0.017, p < 0.001) and virtual connectedness (IE = 0.007, p < 0.001) and indirect effects to lower PA mediated through poorer mental health were observed for parental emotional abuse (IE = -0.050, p < 0.001). Perceptions of school and virtual connectedness and parental emotional abuse both directly and indirectly impacted adolescent PA and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Burns
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Jason A Armstrong
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Scott S, Gray T, Charlton J, Millard S. The Impact of Time Spent in Natural Outdoor Spaces on Children's Language, Communication and Social Skills: A Systematic Review Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12038. [PMID: 36231338 PMCID: PMC9566327 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing interest over the past decade with regard to the health and wellbeing implications of time spent outdoors in nature for children. Universal systematic reviews of evidence report benefits to physical health, social-emotional mental health and wellbeing, cognition and academic learning. Internationally, there is indicative evidence to suggest outdoor engagement with nature may also impact children's language and communication skills, skills that are critical to development, education, social relationships and life opportunities. Yet, at present such evidence has not been synthesised. Despite evidence for the benefits of the outdoors, the amount of time children are spending outdoors is in rapid decline, and has been further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside this are increasing numbers of children starting primary education with significant speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) which remain persistent over time. With established wide-reaching benefits of nature to children's physical and mental health and psychological development, there is a need to further explore the more specific impacts of the natural environment on children's language, communication and social skills, which could provide a unique opportunity to consider nature as a universal public health intervention for SLCN. The current review will aim to synthesise existing qualitative and quantitative evidence of the impact of time spent in natural outdoor spaces on the language, communication and social skills of 2-11-year-old children. Literature will be searched across seven databases and considered for inclusion against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Potential implications of the review include informing public health practice and policy for child development and education, informing priorities for speech, language, and communication interventions, and providing directions for future international research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steph Scott
- Shropshire Community Health NHS Trust, Coral House, Longbow Close, Shrewsbury SY1 3GZ, UK
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tonia Gray
- Centre for Educational Research, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jenna Charlton
- School of Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Sharon Millard
- Michael Palin Centre for Stammering, 13-15 Pine Street, London EC1R 0JG, UK
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14
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Childs TM, Brown EL, Brown N, Iachini AL, Phillippo K, Galib L, Parker A, Fujimoto K. A Mixed Method Study of Teachers' Appraisals of Student Wellness Services and Supports During COVID-19. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:637-645. [PMID: 35383943 PMCID: PMC9115215 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding teachers' appraisals of student wellness services and supports during COVID-19 is essential to strengthening services and improving student health outcomes. This mixed-method study aimed to examine US PK-12 teachers' appraisals of student wellness services and supports during COVID-19. METHODS This study focuses on qualitative data from 291 teachers' open-ended responses to the question: "What do you wish your school leaders knew about this (wellness support) aspect of your work?" and whose responses described wellness services and supports. A qualitative content analysis was conducted by an interdisciplinary research team using open- and axial coding. RESULTS Three main themes emerged. (1) insufficient access to mental health professionals and programming at schools, (2) concern about the quality of available services, and (3) a need for teacher professional development and support on student wellness. Statistically significant differences in teacher appraisals of insufficient access to mental health professionals and programming were found based on grade level taught and percentage of immigrant students in the school. CONCLUSION With amplified student wellness needs, school personnel, including school leaders, must consider ways to allocate additional resources/staffing, assess the quality of services and supports, and design professional development opportunities to support teachers' involvement in supporting student wellness needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha M. Childs
- College of Social WorkUniversity of South Carolina1512 Pendleton StreetColumbiaSC29209USA
| | - Elizabeth Levine Brown
- College of Education and Human DevelopmentGeorge Mason University4400 University Drive, 1804 Thompson Hall, MS 4B3FairfaxVA22030USA
| | - Naomi Brown
- College of Education and Human DevelopmentGeorge Mason University4400 University Drive, 1804 Thompson HallFairfaxVA22030USA
| | - Aidyn L. Iachini
- College of Social WorkUniversity of South Carolina1512 Pendleton Street, Hamilton 332ColumbiaSC29209USA
| | - Kate Phillippo
- School of Social Work and School of EducationLoyola University Chicago1 East Pearson Street, Fifth FloorChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Linda Galib
- School of EducationLoyola University Chicago820 North Michigan Avenue, 11th FloorChicagoIL60611USA
| | - Audra Parker
- College of Education and Human DevelopmentGeorge Mason UniversityFairfaxVAUSA
| | - Ken Fujimoto
- School of EducationLoyola University Chicago820 North Michigan Avenue, 11th FloorChicagoIL60611USA
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15
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Gallè F, Valerio G, Daniele O, Di Mauro V, Forte S, Muscariello E, Ricchiuti R, Sensi S, Balia M, Liguori G, Pecoraro P. Multidisciplinary Treatment for Childhood Obesity: A Two-Year Experience in the Province of Naples, Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:834. [PMID: 35740771 PMCID: PMC9221826 DOI: 10.3390/children9060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity must be faced through an integrated multi-level preventive approach. This study was aimed at assessing the adherence and the outcomes of an outpatient service for childhood obesity treatment activated in the province of Naples, Italy, throughout a 2-year follow-up period. At first visit (T0), weight, height, waist circumference, and body composition of children were assessed, together with sociodemographic features and physical activity levels of children and parents. Anthropometric and body composition parameters of children were measured at 6 ± 3 months (T1) and 12 ± 3 months (T2). A total of 451 non-related children who accessed the service were analyzed: 220 (48.7%) of them returned at least once (attrition rate 51.3%). Returner outpatients showed higher age (p = 0.046) and father’s educational level (p = 0.041) than non-returner ones. Adherence to the treatment was found to be related to father’s (Rho = 0.140, p = 0.005) and mother’s (Rho = 0.109, p = 0.026) educational level. All the outcomes improved between T0 and T1 (p < 0.001), while only body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly at T2. Changes in BMI-SDS were associated with baseline value (OR 0.158, 95%CI 0.017−0.298, p = 0.029). The multidisciplinary approach seems to be promising to treat childhood obesity in this geographic context. Lower parents’ educational level should be considered as an attrition determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallè
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Ornella Daniele
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Valentina Di Mauro
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Simone Forte
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Espedita Muscariello
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberta Ricchiuti
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Serena Sensi
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Mario Balia
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Giorgio Liguori
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Medina 40, 80133 Naples, Italy; (G.V.); (G.L.)
| | - Pierluigi Pecoraro
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Prevention, Local Health Authority Napoli 3 Sud, Torre del Greco, Via Montedoro 47, 80059 Naples, Italy; (O.D.); (V.D.M.); (S.F.); (E.M.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
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16
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Calcaterra G, Fanos V, Cataldi L, Cugusi L, Crisafulli A, Bassareo PP. Need for resuming sports and physical activity for children and adolescents following COVID-19 infection. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1179-1185. [PMID: 35378898 PMCID: PMC8966858 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A decline in sports activities among children and adolescents was noted during the stay-at-home restrictions imposed by COVID-19. With the easing of restrictions, physical activities are being resumed. Evidence acquisition A data search was conducted to identify the role of parents in resuming sporting activities, the risks and benefits of doing so, the physical examination to be conducted prior to physical activity, the existence of guidelines/protocols for return to sports and physical activity, the role of comorbidities in influencing the restart of the same. Evidence synthesis Parents should consult the child's physician prior to allowing he/she to resume physical exercise. In preparation for this, a careful physical examination should be performed. Children with COVID-19, even if asymptomatic, should not resume any physical activity until at least 10 days after testing positive. Those with moderate or severe COVID-19 should be referred for cardiological evaluation. The level of activity should be resumed gradually, as per the GRTP protocol. Athletes with a positive COVID-19 test in the presence of concomitant medical conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular or respiratory or renal disease) should undergo medical evaluation prior to adhering to a GRTP. Those with complicated COVID19 infection or long Covid may need additional investigations. Conclusions While there is no doubt that it will bring multiple benefits in terms of general health, returning to play sport should be gradual and preceded by an accurate physical examination in those young subjects previously affected by the coronavirus disease, especially when their heart and/or lungs and/or kidneys were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calcaterra
- Postgraduate Medical School of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari Department of Surgery, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Cataldi
- Department of Paediatrics, Sacred Heart Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cugusi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Crisafulli
- Sports Physiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Bassareo
- Department of Cardiology, University College of Dublin, School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Eccles St, Inns Quay, Dublin, D07 R2WY Ireland
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17
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Contreras-Osorio F, Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Cerda-Vega E, Chirosa-Ríos L, Ramírez-Campillo R, Campos-Jara C. Anthropometric Parameters, Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Executive Functions among Primary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053045. [PMID: 35270736 PMCID: PMC8910200 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity during childhood and adolescence favors brain development and cognitive functioning, particularly the executive functions. This study aimed to assess potential associations between anthropometric parameters, physical activity, physical fitness, and executive functions among elementary school children returning to school after the COVID-19 lockdown in Chile. School-age male and female participants (n = 90; age, 10−12 years) participated in the study. To determine the association between variables, a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Higher fat-related anthropometric indexes were associated with lower working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, and attention (r = −0.55 to −0.22; p = 0.031 to <0.001). In contrast, higher physical activity levels, better sprint performance, higher lower-body muscular power, and greater upper-body muscular strength were associated with better working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning, and/or attention (r = 0.19 to −0.54; p = 0.04 to <0.001). Current results consistently suggest the need for adequate levels of physical activity, physical fitness, and anthropometric parameters among the school-age population to promote healthy and adequate executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falonn Contreras-Osorio
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (F.C.-O.); (L.C.-R.)
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile
| | - Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo de los Bravo 39087, Mexico;
| | - Enrique Cerda-Vega
- Pedagogy in Physical Education and Health Career, Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile 7820436, Chile;
| | - Luis Chirosa-Ríos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain; (F.C.-O.); (L.C.-R.)
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile;
| | - Christian Campos-Jara
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago de Chile 7591538, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-9-42057069
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18
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Vandoni M, Codella R, Pippi R, Carnevale Pellino V, Lovecchio N, Marin L, Silvestri D, Gatti A, Magenes VC, Regalbuto C, Fabiano V, Zuccotti G, Calcaterra V. Combatting Sedentary Behaviors by Delivering Remote Physical Exercise in Children and Adolescents with Obesity in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:4459. [PMID: 34960011 PMCID: PMC8706684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of childhood obesity (or its risk) and COVID-19 pandemic put children and adolescents in greater risk to develop respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In fact, the restrictions introduced to limit the spread of the virus had detrimental effects on various lifestyle components, especially in young population. This resulted in augmented levels of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors and a reduced time spent in play outdoors or sport practices. Contrariwise, the increased use of technology led clinicians, teachers, and trainers to maintain relations with obese children/adolescents so as to reduce sedentary behaviors and the associated health risks. This narrative review aims to describe the role of Telehealth and Tele-exercise as useful tools in the management of pediatric obesity during COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth and Tele-exercise were effective in promoting self-monitoring and behavioral changes, including adherence to exercise training programs in children and adolescents. Moreover, tele-exercise platforms such as applications or exergames allowed flexible scheduling, limiting the infection risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vandoni
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute, C.U.R.I.A.Mo. (Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale Attività Motoria), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Carnevale Pellino
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Lovecchio
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Luca Marin
- Laboratory for Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport (LARMS), 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Dario Silvestri
- Department of Research, ASOMI College of Sciences, 2080 Marsa, Malta;
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental Medicine and Forensic Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.C.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.M.); (V.F.); (G.Z.); (V.C.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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