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Zeng R, Chen T, Li X, Cao J, Li J, Xu X, Zhang L, Chen Y. Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the mechanism of peanut kernel weight reduction under waterlogging stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3198-3214. [PMID: 38722055 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress (WS) hinders kernel development and directly reduces peanut yield; however, the mechanism of kernel filling in response to WS remains unknown. The waterlogging-sensitive variety Huayu 39 was subjected to WS for 3 days at 7 days after the gynophores touched the ground (DAG). We found that WS affected kernel filling at 14, 21, and 28 DAG. WS decreased the average filling rate and kernel dry weight, while transcriptome sequencing and widely targeted metabolomic analysis revealed that WS inhibited the gene expression in starch and sucrose metabolism, which reduced sucrose input and transformation ability. Additionally, genes related to ethylene and melatonin synthesis and the accumulation of tryptophan and methionine were upregulated in response to WS. WS upregulated the expression of the gene encoding tryptophan decarboxylase (AhTDC), and overexpression of AhTDC in Arabidopsis significantly reduced the seed length, width, and weight. Therefore, WS reduced the kernel-filling rate, leading to a reduction in the 100-kernel weight. This survey informs the development of measures that alleviate the negative impact of WS on peanut yield and quality and provides a basis for exploring high-yield and high-quality cultivation, molecular-assisted breeding, and waterlogging prevention in peanut farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruier Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueyu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Muhammad I, Ullah F, Ahmad S, AlMunqedhi BM, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Shen W. A meta-analysis of photosynthetic efficiency and stress mitigation by melatonin in enhancing wheat tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:427. [PMID: 38769501 PMCID: PMC11106942 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our meta-analysis examines the effects of melatonin on wheat under varying abiotic stress conditions, focusing on photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. We initially collected 177 publications addressing the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 31 published studies were selected, encompassing 170 observations on photosynthetic parameters, 73 on chlorophyll fluorescence, 65 on leaf water status, 240 on photosynthetic pigments. RESULTS The analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I² > 99.90%) for the aforementioned parameters and evidence of publication bias, emphasizing the complex interaction between melatonin application and plant physiological responses. Melatonin enhanced the overall response ratio (lnRR) for photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and fluorescence yields by 20.49, 22.39, 30.96, and 1.09%, respectively, compared to the control (no melatonin). The most notable effects were under controlled environmental conditions. Moreover, melatonin significantly improved leaf water content and reduced water potential, particularly under hydroponic conditions and varied abiotic stresses, highlighting its role in mitigating water stress. The analysis also revealed increases in chlorophyll pigments with soil drenching and foliar spray, and these were considered the effective application methods. Furthermore, melatonin influenced chlorophyll SPAD and intercellular CO2 concentrations, suggesting its capacity to optimize photosynthetic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS This synthesis of meta-analysis confirms that melatonin significantly enhances wheat's resilience to abiotic stress by improving photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf water status, and photosynthetic pigments. Despite observed heterogeneity and publication bias, the consistent beneficial effects of melatonin, particularly under controlled conditions with specific application methods e.g. soil drenching and foliar spray, demonstrate its utility as a plant growth regulator for stress management. These findings encourage focused research and application strategies to maximize the benefits of melatonin in wheat farming, and thus contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.
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Grants
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- RSP2024R190 Researchers supporting project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- 32271847 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 31425005 Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province
- A3360051012 Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project, and the Junwu Scholarship of Guangxi University
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fahim Ullah
- Department of Plant Breading and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bandar M AlMunqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Rd., Xixiangtang District, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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Wang L, Sui Y, Zhang P, Wang Z, Li S, Liu T, Li X. Polystyrene nanoplastics in soil impair drought priming-induced low temperature tolerance in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108643. [PMID: 38653097 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Drought priming is known to enhance plant low temperature tolerance, whereas polystyrene nanoplastic contamination exerts detrimental effects on plant growth. This study investigates the less-explored influence of nanoplastic contamination on cold stress tolerance in drought-primed plants. We compared the photosynthetic carbon assimilation, carbohydrate metabolism, reactive oxygen species metabolism, and grain yield between the non-primed and drought-primed wheat grown in both nanoplastic-contaminated and healthy soils. Our results reveal that the beneficial effects of drought priming on photosynthetic carbon assimilation and the efficiency of the "water-water" cycle were compromised in the presence of nanoplastics (nPS). Additionally, nPS exposure disturbed carbohydrate metabolism, which impeded source-to-sink transport of sugar and resulted in reduced grain yield in drought-primed plants under low temperature conditions. These findings unveil the suppression of nPS on drought-primed low-temperature tolerance (DPLT) in wheat plants, suggesting an intricate interplay between the induction of stress tolerance and responses to nPS contamination. The study raises awareness about a potential challenge for future crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Sui
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Zongshuai Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Muhammad I, Khan A, Mustafa AEZMA, Elshikh MS, Shen W. Elucidating the modulatory effect of melatonin on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in wheat: a global meta-analysis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14294. [PMID: 38634335 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In our comprehensive meta-analysis, we initially collected 177 publications focusing on the impact of melatonin on wheat. After meticulous screening, 40 published studies were selected, encompassing 558 observations for antioxidant enzymes, 312 for reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 92 for soluble biomolecules (soluble sugar and protein). This analysis revealed significant heterogeneity across studies (I2 > 99% for enzymes, ROS, and soluble biomolecules) and notable publication bias, indicating the complexity and variability in the research field. Melatonin application generally increased antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)] in wheat, particularly under stress conditions, such as high temperature and heavy-metal exposure. Compared to control, melatonin application increased SOD, POD, CAT, and APX activities by 29.5, 16.96, 35.98, and 171.64%, respectively. Moreover, oxidative stress markers like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased with melatonin by 23.73, 13.64, and 21.91%, respectively, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress. The analysis also highlighted melatonin's role in improving carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defenses. Melatonin showed an overall increase of 12.77% in soluble sugar content, and 22.76% in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity compared to the control. However, the effects varied across different wheat varieties, environmental conditions, and application methods. Our study also uncovered complex relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities and H2O2 levels, indicating a nuanced regulatory role of melatonin in oxidative stress responses. Our meta-analysis demonstrates the significant role of melatonin in increasing wheat resilience to abiotic stressors, potentially through its regulatory impact on antioxidant defense systems and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abd El-Zaher M A Mustafa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weijun Shen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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5
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Mukherjee S, Roy S, Arnao MB. Nanovehicles for melatonin: a new journey for agriculture. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:232-248. [PMID: 38123438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The important role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism together with recent advances in the potential use of nanomaterials have opened up interesting applications in agriculture. Various nanovehicles have been explored as melatonin carriers in animals, and it is now important to explore their application in plants. Recent findings have substantiated the use of silicon and chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting melatonin to plant tissues. Although melatonin is an amphipathic molecule, nanocarriers can accelerate its uptake and transport to various plant organs, thereby relieving stress and improving plant shelf-life in the post-harvest stages. We review the scope and biosafety concerns of various nanomaterials to devise novel methods for melatonin application in crops and post-harvest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, West Bengal 742213, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department for Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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6
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Wang L, Tanveer M, Wang H, Arnao MB. Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12937. [PMID: 38241678 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance in sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing the deterioration of seed quality, and reducing germination potential, and seed vigor. Thus, to achieve a sustainable level of crop yield, it is important to improve SG under abiotic stress conditions. Melatonin (MEL) is an important biomolecule that interplays in developmental processes and regulates many adaptive responses in plants, especially under abiotic stresses. Thus, this review specifically summarizes and discusses the mechanistic basis of MEL-mediated SG under abiotic stresses. MEL regulates SG by regulating some stress-specific responses and some common responses. For instance, MEL induced stress specific responses include the regulation of ionic homeostasis, and hydrolysis of storage proteins under salinity stress, regulation of C-repeat binding factors signaling under cold stress, starch metabolism under high temperature and heavy metal stress, and activation of aquaporins and accumulation of osmolytes under drought stress. On other hand, MEL mediated regulation of gibberellins biosynthesis and abscisic acid catabolism, redox homeostasis, and Ca2+ signaling are amongst the common responses. Nonetheless factors such as endogenous MEL contents, plant species, and growth conditions also influence above-mentioned responses. In conclusion, MEL regulates SG under abiotic stress conditions by interacting with different physiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongling Wang
- CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones & Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Wu Y, Liu J, Wu H, Zhu Y, Ahmad I, Zhou G. The Roles of Mepiquate Chloride and Melatonin in the Morpho-Physiological Activity of Cotton under Abiotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:235. [PMID: 38203405 PMCID: PMC10778694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton growth and yield are severely affected by abiotic stress worldwide. Mepiquate chloride (MC) and melatonin (MT) enhance crop growth and yield by reducing the negative effects of abiotic stress on various crops. Numerous studies have shown the pivotal role of MC and MT in regulating agricultural growth and yield. Nevertheless, an in-depth review of the prominent performance of these two hormones in controlling plant morpho-physiological activity and yield in cotton under abiotic stress still needs to be documented. This review highlights the effects of MC and MT on cotton morpho-physiological and biochemical activities; their biosynthetic, signaling, and transduction pathways; and yield under abiotic stress. Furthermore, we also describe some genes whose expressions are affected by these hormones when cotton plants are exposed to abiotic stress. The present review demonstrates that MC and MT alleviate the negative effects of abiotic stress in cotton and increase yield by improving its morpho-physiological and biochemical activities, such as cell enlargement; net photosynthesis activity; cytokinin contents; and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. MT delays the expression of NCED1 and NCED2 genes involved in leaf senescence by decreasing the expression of ABA-biosynthesis genes and increasing the expression of the GhYUC5, GhGA3ox2, and GhIPT2 genes involved in indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin biosynthesis. Likewise, MC promotes lateral root formation by activating GA20x genes involved in gibberellin catabolism. Overall, MC and MT improve cotton's physiological activity and antioxidant capacity and, as a result, improve the ability of the plant to resist abiotic stress. The main purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of the performance of MC and MT under abiotic stress, which might help to better understand how these two hormones regulate cotton growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.W.); (J.L.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.)
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Liu Z, Dai H, Hao J, Li R, Pu X, Guan M, Chen Q. Current research and future directions of melatonin's role in seed germination. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:53. [PMID: 38047984 PMCID: PMC10695909 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process regulated by internal and external factors. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule, playing an important role in regulating seed germination under normal and stressful conditions. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on melatonin's effects on seed germination on the basis of existing literature. Under normal conditions, exogenous high levels of melatonin can suppress or delay seed germination, suggesting that melatonin may play a role in maintaining seed dormancy and preventing premature germination. Conversely, under stressful conditions (e.g., high salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures), melatonin has been found to accelerate seed germination. Melatonin can modulate the expression of genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism, thereby influencing the balance of these hormones and affecting the ABA/GA ratio. Melatonin has been shown to modulate ROS accumulation and nutrient mobilization, which can impact the germination process. In conclusion, melatonin can inhibit germination under normal conditions while promoting germination under stressful conditions via regulating the ABA/GA ratios, ROS levels, and metabolic enzyme activity. Further research in this area will deepen our understanding of melatonin's intricate role in seed germination and may contribute to the development of improved seed treatments and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hengrui Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinjiang Hao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaojun Pu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao Guan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Talaat NB. Drought Stress Alleviator Melatonin Reconfigures Water-Stressed Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants' Photosynthetic Efficiency, Antioxidant Capacity, and Endogenous Phytohormone Profile. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16228. [PMID: 38003420 PMCID: PMC10671378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of crops is severely limited by water scarcity. We still do not fully understand the underlying mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT)-mediated water stress tolerance in barley. This study is the first of its kind to show how MT can potentially mitigate changes in barley's physio-biochemical parameters caused by water deficiency. Barley was grown under three irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 30% of field capacity) and was foliar sprayed with 70 μM MT. The results showed that exogenously applied MT protected the photosynthetic apparatus by improving photosynthetic pigment content, photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, gas exchange capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence system, and membrane stability index. Furthermore, the increased levels of salicylic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins, melatonin, and indole-3-acetic acid, as well as a decrease in abscisic acid, indicated that foliar-applied MT greatly improved barley water stress tolerance. Additionally, by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase and decreasing hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage, MT application lessened water stress-induced oxidative stress. According to the newly discovered data, MT application improves barley water stress tolerance by reprogramming endogenous plant hormone production and antioxidant activity, which enhances membrane stability and photosynthesis. This study unraveled MT's crucial role in water deficiency mitigation, which can thus be applied to water stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen B Talaat
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Khattak WA, He J, Sun J, Ali I, Bilal W, Zahoor, Khan KA, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Foliar melatonin ameliorates drought-induced alterations in enzyme activities of sugar and nitrogen metabolisms in cotton leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14011. [PMID: 37882261 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and nitrogen metabolisms help plants maintain cellular homeostasis, stress tolerance, and sustainable growth in drought conditions. Melatonin, a potent antioxidant and signaling molecule, appears to mitigate the negative impacts of drought on plants. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of foliar-applied melatonin in ameliorating drought-induced alterations in leaf sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activities during cotton flowering and boll formation. To date, no study has examined drought-induced sugar and nitrogen metabolisms' enzyme activity changes in cotton treated with foliar melatonin. Drought levels (FC1 = 75 ± 5%, FC2 = 60 ± 5%, and FC3 = 45 ± 5%) were maintained between 3 and 35 days after flowering (DAF), and melatonin (M) concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol L-1 ) were applied at 3 and 21 DAF in a completely randomized design. M100 concentrations at low FC levels significantly enhanced leaf sugar and N-metabolic enzyme activities, such as sucrose synthase (65.56%) and glutamine synthetase (55.24%), compared to plants not treated with melatonin; peaking between 7 and 21 DAF and declining gradually with crop growth. Moreover, the M100 concentrations at all FC levels, particularly FC3, significantly increased the relative expression of GhSusB, GhSusC, SPS1, and SPS3 genes, indicating that melatonin improves leaf sugar and N-metabolism enzymatic activities under drought stress. Therefore, applying M100 concentrations to cotton foliage under FC3 conditions during reproductive stages improves leaf water status, sugar, and N-metabolism enzyme activities, demonstrating melatonin's potent anti-stress, osmoregulatory, and growth-promoting properties in overcoming drought stress in cotton crops. Future research into the molecular mechanisms of melatonin-mediated sugar and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities in cotton leaves may lead to biotechnological methods to improve drought resilience in cotton and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khattak
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Bilal
- Agricultural Research Institute, Mingora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Karumannil S, Khan TA, Kappachery S, Gururani MA. Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2948. [PMID: 37631160 PMCID: PMC10458501 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low and high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, and irradiation. The cumulative impact of these stresses leads to a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared mechanism of toxicity induced by all these abiotic stimuli in plants, resulting in oxidative damage and membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role of melatonin in plants, where it serves as both a growth regulator, fostering growth and development, and a potent protector against abiotic stresses. The inherent potential of melatonin to function as a natural antioxidant positions it as a promising biostimulant for agricultural use, bolstering plants' abilities to withstand a wide array of environmental challenges. Beyond its antioxidant properties, melatonin has demonstrated its capacity to regulate the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances its appeal as a versatile chemical agent that can be exogenously applied to plants, particularly in adverse conditions, to improve their resilience and optimize photosynthetic efficiency in every phase of the plant life cycle. An examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress-protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the photosynthetic machinery of plants under various abiotic stresses is presented in this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed for developing stress-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Liu L, Zhang P, Feng G, Hou W, Liu T, Gai Z, Shen Y, Qiu X, Li X. Salt priming induces low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet via xanthine metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107810. [PMID: 37321038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the physiological mechanisms involved in xanthine metabolism during salt priming for improving low-temperature tolerance, salt priming (SP), xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor (XOI), exogenous allantoin (EA), and back-supplemented EA (XOI + EA) treatments were given and the low-temperature tolerance of sugar beet was tested. Under low-temperature stress, salt priming promoted the growth of sugar beet leaves and increased the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm). However, during salt priming, either XOI or EA treatment alone increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, in the leaves under low-temperature stress. XOI treatment increased allantoinase activity with its gene (BvallB) expression under low-temperature stress. Compared to the XOI treatment, the EA treatment alone and the XOI + EA treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. At low temperatures, the sucrose content and the activity of key carbohydrate enzymes (AGPase, Cylnv, and FK) were significantly reduced by XOI compared to the changes under salt priming. XOI also stimulated the expression of protein phosphatase 2C and sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase (BvSNRK2). The results of a correlation network analysis showed that BvallB was positively correlated with malondialdehyde, D-Fructose-6-phosphate, and D-Glucose-6-phosphate, and negatively correlated with BvPOX42, BvSNRK2, dehydroascorbate reductase, and catalase. These results suggested that salt-induced xanthine metabolism modulated ROS metabolism, photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and carbohydrate metabolism, thus enhancing low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet. Additionally, xanthine and allantoin were found to play key roles in plant stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenfeng Hou
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Zhijia Gai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yanhui Shen
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- College of Economics and Management, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chang Q, Zhang L, Chen S, Gong M, Liu L, Hou X, Mi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1129. [PMID: 36903989 PMCID: PMC10005377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays a number of key roles in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Prunella vulgaris is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant which is used for the treatment of lymph, goiter, and mastitis. However, the effect of MT on the yield and medicinal component content of P. vulgaris remains still unclear. In this research, we have examined the influence of different concentrations of MT (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) on the physiological characteristics, secondary metabolite contents, and yield of P. vulgaris biomass. The results showed that 50-200 μM MT treatment had a positive effect on P. vulgaris. MT treatment at 100 μM greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, the contents of soluble sugar and proline, and obviously decreased the relative electrical conductivity, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide of leaves. Furthermore, it markedly promoted the growth and development of the root system, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, improved the performance of photosystems I and II and the coordination of both photosystems, and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of P. vulgaris. In addition, it significantly increased the dry mass of whole plant and spica and promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids, total phenolics, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside in the spica of P. vulgaris. These findings demonstrated that the application of MT could effectively activate the antioxidant defense system of P. vulgaris, protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidation damage, and improve the photosynthetic capacity and the root absorption capacity, thereby promoting the yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Minggui Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Longchang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinfa Mi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Peony Research Institute, Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Luoyang Greening Management Center, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Yin H, Liu W, Hu X, Li D, Lan C, Gao L, He Z, Cui F, Fernie AR, Chen W. The pathway of melatonin biosynthesis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12841. [PMID: 36396897 PMCID: PMC10078269 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In plants, the biosynthesis of Mel from tryptophan (Trp) has been delineated to comprise of four consecutive reactions. However, while the genes encoding these enzymes in rice are well characterized no systematic evaluation of the overall pathway has, as yet, been published for wheat. In the current study, the relative contents of six Mel-pathway-intermediates including Trp, tryptamine (Trm), serotonin (Ser), 5-methoxy tryptamine (5M-Trm), N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) and Mel, were determined in 24 independent tissues spanning the lifetime of wheat. These studies indicated that Trp was the most abundant among the six metabolites, followed by Trm and Ser. Next, the candidate genes expressing key enzymes involved in the Mel pathway were explored by means of metabolite-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS), wherein two TDC genes, a T5H gene and one SNAT gene were identified as being important for the accumulation of Mel pathway metabolites. Moreover, a 463-bp insertion within the T5H gene was discovered that may be responsible for variation in Ser content. Finally, a ASMT gene was found via sequence alignment against its rice homolog. Validations of these candidate genes were performed by in vitro enzymatic reactions using proteins purified following recombinant expression in Escherichia coli, transient gene expression in tobacco, and transgenic approaches in wheat. Our results thus provide the first comprehensive investigation into the Mel pathway metabolites, and a swift candidate gene identification via forward-genetics strategies, in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanran Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongqin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Lifeng Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fa Cui
- Wheat Molecular Breeding Innovation Research Group, Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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15
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Peng X, Wang N, Sun S, Geng L, Guo N, Liu A, Chen S, Ahammed GJ. Reactive oxygen species signaling is involved in melatonin-induced reduction of chlorothalonil residue in tomato leaves. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130212. [PMID: 36308936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide overuse has led to serious global concerns regarding food safety and environmental pollution. Although the reduction of pesticide residue is critical, our knowledge about induced pesticide metabolism in plants remains fragmentary. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an effective stress-relieving agent in both animals and plants, but little is known about the melatonin signaling mechanism and its effect on pesticide metabolism in plants. Here, we found that exogenous melatonin treatment significantly reduced chlorothalonil residue by 41 % but suppression of endogenous melatonin accumulation increased chlorothalonil residue in tomato leaves. Moreover, melatonin increased photosynthesis, Fv/Fm, Calvin cycle enzyme activity, antioxidant enzyme activity, glutathione pool, and RESPIRATORY BURST HOMOLOG1 (RBOH1) expression in tomato leaves. However, the upregulation of RBOH1, CYP724B2, GST1, GST2, GSH and ABC, the increased glutathione concentrations and the activity of detoxification enzymes due to melatonin treatment were all significantly attenuated by the treatment with an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and a ROS scavenger, indicating a clear relationship between the reduction of pesticide residue and induction in detoxifying enzymes and genes upon melatonin treatment in an apoplastic H2O2-dependent manner. These results reveal that melatonin-induced reduction in chlorothalonil residue is mediated by H2O2 signaling in tomato leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Peng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Shuangsheng Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Lijiahong Geng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Ning Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Horticultural Crop safety and Disease Control, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang 471023, PR China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Horticultural Crop safety and Disease Control, Luoyang 471023, PR China.
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16
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Xu F, Liu W, Wang H, Alam P, Zheng W, Faizan M. Genome Identification of the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis) ASMT Gene Family and Its Expression Analysis under Abiotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:409. [PMID: 36833335 PMCID: PMC9957374 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze) is an important cash crop grown worldwide. It is often subjected to environmental stresses that influence the quality and yield of its leaves. Acetylserotonin-O-methyltransferase (ASMT) is a key enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis, and it plays a critical role in plant stress responses. In this paper, a total of 20 ASMT genes were identified in tea plants and classified into three subfamilies based on a phylogenetic clustering analysis. The genes were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes; two pairs of genes showed fragment duplication. A gene sequence analysis showed that the structures of the ASMT genes in the tea plants were highly conserved and that the gene structures and motif distributions slightly differed among the different subfamily members. A transcriptome analysis showed that most CsASMT genes did not respond to drought and cold stresses, and a qRT-PCR analysis showed that CsASMT08, CsASMT09, CsASMT10, and CsASMT20 significantly responded to drought and low-temperature stresses; in particular, CsASMT08 and CsASMT10 were highly expressed under low-temperature stress and negatively regulated in response to drought stress. A combined analysis revealed that CsASMT08 and CsASMT10 were highly expressed and that their expressions differed before and after treatment, which indicates that they are potential regulators of abiotic stress resistance in the tea plant. Our results can facilitate further studies on the functional properties of CsASMT genes in melatonin synthesis and abiotic stress in the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xu
- College of Forestry, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Wenxiang Liu
- College of Forestry, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Forestry, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Forestry, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mohammad Faizan
- Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
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Wang J, Gao X, Wang X, Song W, Wang Q, Wang X, Li S, Fu B. Exogenous melatonin ameliorates drought stress in Agropyron mongolicum by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051165. [PMID: 36600908 PMCID: PMC9806343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most common abiotic stressors in plants. Melatonin (MT) is a high-efficiency and low-toxicity growth regulator that plays an important role in plant responses to drought stress. As a wild relative of wheat, Agropyron mongolicum has become an important species for the improvement of degraded grasslands and the replanting of sandy grasslands. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms by which exogenous MT regulates drought stress in A. mongolicum remain unclear. To assess the effectiveness of MT intervention (100 mg·L-1), polyethylene glycol 6000 was used to simulate drought stress, and its ameliorating effects on drought stress in A. mongolicum seedlings were investigated through physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Physiological analysis indicated that MT treatment increased the relative water content and chlorophyll content and decreased the relative conductivity of A. mongolicum seedlings. Additionally, MT decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. The transcriptome and metabolite profiling analysis of A. mongolicum seedlings treated with and without MT under drought stress identified the presence of 13,466 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 271 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs). The integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that DEGs and DEMs participated in diverse biological processes, such as flavonoid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Moreover, MT may be involved in regulating the correlation of DEGs and DEMs in flavonoid biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism during drought stress. In summary, this study revealed the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of exogenous MT in alleviating drought stress in A. mongolicum seedlings, and it provides a reference for the development and utilization of MT and the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in plants from arid habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenxue Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xucheng Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shuxia Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bingzhe Fu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Grassland and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Melatonin Affects the Photosynthetic Performance of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Seedlings under Cold Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122414. [PMID: 36552621 PMCID: PMC9774265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important plant metabolic mechanism that improves carbon absorption and crop yield. Photosynthetic efficiency is greatly hampered by cold stress (CS). Melatonin (ME) is a new plant growth regulator that regulates a wide range of abiotic stress responses. However, the molecular mechanism of ME-mediated photosynthetic regulation in cold-stressed plants is not well understood. Our findings suggest that under low-temperature stress (15/5 °C for 7 days), spraying the plant with ME (200 µM) enhanced gas exchange characteristics and the photosynthetic pigment content of pepper seedlings, as well as upregulated their biosynthetic gene expression. Melatonin increased the activity of photosynthetic enzymes (Rubisco and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase) while also enhancing starch, sucrose, soluble sugar, and glucose content under CS conditions. Low-temperature stress significantly decreased the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), specifically their maximum quantum efficiency PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (Pm). In contrast, ME treatment improved the photochemical activity of PSII and PSI. Furthermore, CS dramatically reduced the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), while enhancing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ); however, ME treatment substantially mitigated the effects of CS. Our results clearly show the probable function of ME treatment in mitigating the effects of CS by maintaining photosynthetic performance, which might be beneficial when screening genotypes for CS tolerance.
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J, Cano A. Role of Melatonin and Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants: Implications under Nitrogen-Excess or Nitrogen-Low. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315217. [PMID: 36499543 PMCID: PMC9741234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a new plant hormone involved in multiple physiological functions in plants such as germination, photosynthesis, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, and senescence, among others. Its protective role in different stress situations, both biotic and abiotic, has been widely demonstrated. Melatonin regulates several routes in primary and secondary plant metabolism through the up/down-regulation of many enzyme/factor genes. Many of the steps of nitrogen metabolism in plants are also regulated by melatonin and are presented in this review. In addition, the ability of melatonin to enhance nitrogen uptake under nitrogen-excess or nitrogen-low conditions is analyzed. A model that summarizes the distribution of nitrogen compounds, and the osmoregulation and redox network responses mediated by melatonin, are presented. The possibilities of using melatonin in crops for more efficient uptake, the assimilation and metabolization of nitrogen from soil, and the implications for Nitrogen Use Efficiency strategies to improve crop yield are also discussed.
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Hu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Li L, Hou L, Li M. Transcriptome and hormone Analyses reveal that melatonin promotes adventitious rooting in shaded cucumber hypocotyls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059482. [PMID: 36518515 PMCID: PMC9742233 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a multi-regulatory molecule, stimulates root generation and regulates many aspects of plant growth and developmental processes. To gain insight into the effects of melatonin on adventitious root (AR) formation, we use cucumber seedings subjected to one of three treatments: EW (hypocotyl exposed and irrigated with water), SW (hypocotyl shaded and irrigated with water) and SM (hypocotyl shaded and irrigated with 100 µM melatonin). Under shaded conditions, melatonin induced significant AR formation in the hypocotyl. To explore the mechanism of this melatonin-induced AR formation, we used transcriptome analysis to identify 1296 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Comparing SM with SW, a total of 774 genes were upregulated and 522 genes were downregulated. The DEGs were classified among different metabolic pathways, especially those connected with the synthesis of secondary metabolites, with hormone signal transduction and with plant-pathogen interactions. Analyses indicate exogenous melatonin increased contents of endogenous auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, cytokinin and abscisic acid levels during AR formation. This study indicates melatonin promotes AR formation in cucumber seedings by regulating the expressions of genes related to hormone synthesis, signaling and cell wall formation, as well as by increasing the contents of auxin, cytokinin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. This research elucidates the molecular mechanisms of melatonin's role in promoting AR formation in the hypocotyl of cucumber seedings under shaded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Experimental Teaching Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zicun Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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21
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Guo J, Wang H, Liu S, Wang Y, Liu F, Li X. Parental drought priming enhances tolerance to low temperature in wheat ( Triticum aestivum) offspring. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:946-957. [PMID: 35871526 DOI: 10.1071/fp22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature is one of the major environmental stresses that limit crop growth and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Drought priming at the vegetative stage could enhance wheat tolerance to later cold stress; however, the transgenerational effects of drought priming on wheat offspring's cold stress tolerance remains unclear. Here, the low temperature responses of offspring were tested after the parental drought priming treatment at grain filling stage. The offspring plants from parental drought priming treatment had a higher abscisic acid (ABA) level and lower osmotic potential (Ψo) than the control plants under cold conditions. Moreover, parental drought priming increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation in offspring. In comparison to control plants, parental drought priming plants had a higher ATP concentration and higher activities of ATPase and the enzymes involved in sucrose biosynthesis and starch metabolism. The results indicated that parental drought priming induced low temperature tolerance in offspring by regulating endogenous ABA levels and maintaining the redox homeostasis and the balance of carbohydrate metabolism, which provided a potential approach for cold resistant cultivation in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Guo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics and Evolution, School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Maize, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Højbakkegård Allé 13, Tåstrup DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and CAS Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
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22
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Sun H, Wang XQ, Zeng ZL, Yang YJ, Huang W. Exogenous melatonin strongly affects dynamic photosynthesis and enhances water-water cycle in tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917784. [PMID: 35991431 PMCID: PMC9381976 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important phytohormone synthesized naturally, was recently used to improve plant resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on photosynthetic performances have not yet been well clarified. We found that spraying of exogenous melatonin (100 μM) to leaves slightly affected the steady state values of CO2 assimilation rate (A N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and mesophyll conductance (g m ) under high light in tobacco leaves. However, this exogenous melatonin strongly delayed the induction kinetics of g s and g m , leading to the slower induction speed of A N . During photosynthetic induction, A N is mainly limited by biochemistry in the absence of exogenous melatonin, but by CO2 diffusion conductance in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Therefore, exogenous melatonin can aggravate photosynthetic carbon loss during photosynthetic induction and should be used with care for crop plants grown under natural fluctuating light. Within the first 10 min after transition from low to high light, photosynthetic electron transport rates (ETR) for A N and photorespiration were suppressed in the presence of exogenous melatonin. Meanwhile, an important alternative electron sink, namely water-water cycle, was enhanced to dissipate excess light energy. These results indicate that exogenous melatonin upregulates water-water cycle to facilitate photoprotection. Taking together, this study is the first to demonstrate that exogenous melatonin inhibits dynamic photosynthesis and improves photoprotection in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Zeng
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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23
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Korkmaz A, Düver E, Szafranska K, Karaca A, Köklü Ardiç S, Yakupoglu G. Feasibility of using melatonin content in pepper ( Capsicum annuum) seeds as a physiological marker of chilling stress tolerance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:832-843. [PMID: 35701365 DOI: 10.1071/fp22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of melatonin, a known animal hormone, has been confirmed in many evolutionary distant organisms, including higher plants. It is known that melatonin increases tolerance to stress factors as a wide spectrum antioxidant. Tolerant genotypes have generally higher melatonin content than sensitive ones, and exposure to stressful conditions is known to increase endogenous melatonin levels. However, endogenous melatonin levels in seeds have never been used to select genotypes tolerant to abiotic stresses. Thus, in this study, the existence of possible relationship between seed melatonin levels of 28 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes and their germination and emergence performance under chilling conditions (15°C) was investigated. The results indicated that these parameters were much better for pepper genotypes with higher seed melatonin contents while those having less than 2ngg-1 additionally exhibited elevated levels of MDA and H2 O2 but lower antioxidant enzyme activities. Thus, a positive relationship between seed melatonin content and chilling stress tolerance has been shown, suggesting a possible use of endogenous melatonin levels as a criterion in selecting chilling stress tolerant varieties. To save considerable time, money and labour, it is recommended that genotypes with lower melatonin contents are excluded from breeding programmes that aim to develop new stress tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Korkmaz
- Department of Horticulture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Elif Düver
- Department of Horticulture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Katarzyna Szafranska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aygül Karaca
- Department of Horticulture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Köklü Ardiç
- Department of Horticulture, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Yakupoglu
- Department of Horticulture, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
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24
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Zhang M, Liu S, Tong S, Zhang D, Qi Q, Wang Y, Wang X, An Y, Lu X. Effects of Melatonin Priming on Suaeda corniculata Seed Germination, Antioxidant Defense, and Reserve Mobilization: Implications for Salinized Wetland Restoration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.941032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin priming has been widely reported to positively affect seed germination under abiotic stresses. However, there is still a gap in knowledge on how melatonin priming impacts the seed germination and physiological change of wetland plant species. We assessed the effects of different melatonin concentrations on germination characteristics, antioxidant defense, and reserve mobilization of Suaeda corniculata seeds. Priming of S. corniculata seeds with 50 μM melatonin significantly improved the germination rate, germination speed, germination index, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, and soluble sugar content as compared with the control, and effectively reduced the malondialdehyde content, promoted starch, soluble protein, and fat mobilization. However, the stress tolerance ability of S. corniculata seeds was reduced by high melatonin concentration. The structural equation model indicated that the melatonin priming directly affects the seed germination, while also indirectly regulating the antioxidant defense system and reserve mobilization. In conclusion, melatonin priming affects the S. corniculata seed germination under salinization stress in a concentration-dependent manner via both direct and indirect regulatory pathways. Insights into these aspects will advance our understanding of how melatonin priming affects S. corniculata seed germination and provide invaluable information and technical support for the restoration of salinized wetlands in the Momoge National Nature Reserve.
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25
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Villagómez-Aranda AL, Feregrino-Pérez AA, García-Ortega LF, González-Chavira MM, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Activating stress memory: eustressors as potential tools for plant breeding. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1481-1498. [PMID: 35305133 PMCID: PMC8933762 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to stress conditions, such that they have developed sophisticated and elegant survival strategies, which are reflected in their phenotypic plasticity, priming capacity, and memory acquisition. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in modulating gene expression and stress responses, allowing malleability, reversibility, stability, and heritability of favourable phenotypes to enhance plant performance. Considering the urgency to improve our agricultural system because of going impacting climate change, potential and sustainable strategies rely on the controlled use of eustressors, enhancing desired characteristics and yield and shaping stress tolerance in crops. However, for plant breeding purposes is necessary to focus on the use of eustressors capable of establishing stable epigenetic marks to generate a transgenerational memory to stimulate a priming state in plants to face the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Villagómez-Aranda
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A A Feregrino-Pérez
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - L F García-Ortega
- Laboratory of Learning and Research in Biological Computing, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M M González-Chavira
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Bajío Experimental Field, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP), Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Torres-Pacheco
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - R G Guevara-González
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico.
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26
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Khan A, Khan V, Pandey K, Sopory SK, Sanan-Mishra N. Thermo-Priming Mediated Cellular Networks for Abiotic Stress Management in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866409. [PMID: 35646001 PMCID: PMC9136941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants can adapt to different environmental conditions and can survive even under very harsh conditions. They have developed elaborate networks of receptors and signaling components, which modulate their biochemistry and physiology by regulating the genetic information. Plants also have the abilities to transmit information between their different parts to ensure a holistic response to any adverse environmental challenge. One such phenomenon that has received greater attention in recent years is called stress priming. Any milder exposure to stress is used by plants to prime themselves by modifying various cellular and molecular parameters. These changes seem to stay as memory and prepare the plants to better tolerate subsequent exposure to severe stress. In this review, we have discussed the various ways in which plants can be primed and illustrate the biochemical and molecular changes, including chromatin modification leading to stress memory, with major focus on thermo-priming. Alteration in various hormones and their subsequent role during and after priming under various stress conditions imposed by changing climate conditions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neeti Sanan-Mishra
- Plant RNAi Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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27
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Malik Z, Afzal S, Dawood M, Abbasi GH, Khan MI, Kamran M, Zhran M, Hayat MT, Aslam MN, Rafay M. Exogenous melatonin mitigates chromium toxicity in maize seedlings by modulating antioxidant system and suppresses chromium uptake and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:1451-1469. [PMID: 33797671 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, being an endogenous signaling molecule plays important role in plant growth and stress alleviation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative role of melatonin against Cr toxicity in maize seedlings. The Cr toxicity (50, 100 and 200 µM) severely affected hydroponically grown seedlings growth in a dose-dependent manner; however, the melatonin (0.5 and 1.0 µM) application markedly restored toxicity-induced growth retardation. Higher dose of melatonin (1.0 µM) was more effective in case of lower Cr toxicity (50 and 100 µM). Exposure of 200 µM Cr caused 45% and 43% reduction in shoot and root lengths and more than 80% reduction in biomass. In case of 200 µM Cr toxicity, application of 1.0 µM MT effectively restored shoot and root lengths reduction (from 45 to 30%) and biomass decline (from 80 to around 60%). Biomass restoration by 1.0 µM melatonin under 50 and 100 µM Cr was even more pronounced bringing it near to control plants having no Cr exposure. Further, both melatonin levels also improved root tips, root diameter, root volume and root surface area that had been damaged by Cr exposure. The melatonin also alleviated Cr-induced chlorophyll and carotenoids inhibition, improved relative water content, and markedly lowered proline and MDA content in shoots. Lower accumulation of MDA and proline, and greater membrane stability indices indicate that the melatonin conferred better plant growth by playing the role of antioxidant and detoxifying oxidative stress creating substances. Although antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD, POD, CAT and APX activities were also elevated by MT, this increase was not significantly different in the most of cases. No significant difference in NPK contents of shoot was observed by Cr and melatonin application indicating the growth retardation being caused directly by Cr intrinsic toxicity and not by nutrients deficiency. The melatonin-based amelioration of Cr toxicity in maize seedlings seems as the result of its nature as antioxidant, and not by activation/elevation of antioxidative enzymatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Afzal
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ghulam Hassan Abbasi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mostafa Zhran
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Soil and Water Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Abou-Zaabl, 13759, Egypt
| | - Malik Tahir Hayat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
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28
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Meng H, Ali M, Li S, Alharby HF, Majrashi A, Hakeem KR, Cheng Z. Melatonin Rescues Photosynthesis and Triggers Antioxidant Defense Response in Cucumis sativus Plants Challenged by Low Temperature and High Humidity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:855900. [PMID: 35574101 PMCID: PMC9094117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.855900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors such as low temperature (LT) and high humidity (HH) hinder plant growth and development in plastic tunnels and solar greenhouses in the cold season. In this study, we examined the effect of melatonin (MT) on shoot-based tolerance to LT and HH conditions in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings and explored its underlying mechanism. LT and HH stress inhibited growth and biomass accumulation, produced leaf chlorosis, led to oxidative stress, lowered chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, reduced photosynthetic and photosystem II (PSII) activities, and increased the level of intercellular carbon dioxide and the non-photochemical quenching of photosystem I (PSI) and PSII. However, foliar application of MT significantly improved the morphological indices and photosynthetic efficiency of cucumber seedlings, which entailed the elevation of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species accumulation by boosting the antioxidant enzyme defense system under LT and HH conditions. Additionally, the measurement of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) contents in roots and leaves showed that MT significantly augmented the nutrient uptake of cucumber seedlings exposed to LT and HH stresses. Furthermore, MT application increased the transcripts levels of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes under LT and HH conditions, whereas treatment with LT and HH suppressed these genes, suggesting that MT application increases the LT and HH tolerance of cucumber seedlings. Overall, our results suggest that MT application increases the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to LT and HH stress by enhancing the plant morphometric parameters, regulating PSI and PSII, and activating the antioxidant defense mechanism. Thus, the exogenous application of MT could be potentially employed as a strategy to improve the LT and HH tolerance of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Amin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Huanwen Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuju Li
- Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Majrashi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Qari SH, Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Mahmood A, Naqve M, Nawaz M, Barbanti L, Alahdal MA, Aljabri M. Melatonin Induced Cold Tolerance in Plants: Physiological and Molecular Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843071. [PMID: 35371159 PMCID: PMC8967244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth and development. Cold stress adversely affects plant physiology, molecular and biochemical processes by determining oxidative stress, poor nutrient and water uptake, disorganization of cellular membranes and reduced photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore, to recover impaired plant functions under cold stress, the application of bio-stimulants can be considered a suitable approach. Melatonin (MT) is a critical bio-stimulant that has often shown to enhance plant performance under cold stress. Melatonin application improved plant growth and tolerance to cold stress by maintaining membrane integrity, plant water content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic efficiency, nutrient and water uptake, redox homeostasis, accumulation of osmolytes, hormones and secondary metabolites, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through improved antioxidant activities and increase in expression of stress-responsive genes. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of MT induced cold tolerance and identify the diverse research gaps necessitating to be addressed in future research programs. This review discusses MT involvement in the control of various physiological and molecular responses for inducing cold tolerance. We also shed light on engineering MT biosynthesis for improving the cold tolerance in plants. Moreover, we highlighted areas where future research is needed to make MT a vital antioxidant conferring cold tolerance to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Naqve
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Lorenzo Barbanti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maryam A. Alahdal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Aljabri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Research Laboratories Centre, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Zhang X, Feng Y, Jing T, Liu X, Ai X, Bi H. Melatonin Promotes the Chilling Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Regulating Antioxidant System and Relieving Photoinhibition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:789617. [PMID: 34956288 PMCID: PMC8695794 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.789617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chilling adversely affects the photosynthesis of thermophilic plants, which further leads to a decline in growth and yield. The role of melatonin (MT) in the stress response of plants has been investigated, while the mechanisms by which MT regulates the chilling tolerance of chilling-sensitive cucumber remain unclear. This study demonstrated that MT positively regulated the chilling tolerance of cucumber seedlings and that 1.0 μmol⋅L-1 was the optimum concentration, of which the chilling injury index, electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were the lowest, while growth was the highest among all treatments. MT triggered the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, which in turn decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2 ⋅-) accumulation caused by chilling stress. Meanwhile, MT attenuated the chilling-induced decrease, in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and promoted photoprotection for both photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), regarding the higher maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), the content of active P700 (ΔI/I0), and photosynthetic electron transport. The proteome analysis and western blot data revealed that MT upregulated the protein levels of PSI reaction center subunits (PsaD, PsaE, PsaF, PsaH, and PsaN), PSII-associated protein PsbA (D1), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase or oxygenase large subunit (RBCL) and Rubisco activase (RCA). These results suggest that MT enhances the chilling tolerance of cucumber through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and the induction of key PSI-, PSII-related and carbon assimilation genes, which finally alleviates damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and decreases oxidative damage to cucumber seedlings under chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Huangai Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Key Laboratory of Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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31
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Atteya AK, Albalawi AN, Bayomy HM, El-Naggar EMBA, Ghozlan MH, Genaidy EA. Impact of planting density and soaking seeds in melatonin solution on yield, secondary products content and antimicrobial activity of lovage plant. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 29:2656-2673. [PMID: 35531235 PMCID: PMC9072908 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies worldwide have been done on the effect of medicinal uses of lovage plant but, very little works have been done on its production. In this study the effect of different planting density and soaking seeds in different concentration of melatonin solution as well as their combination treatments on yield, secondary products content and antimicrobial activity of lovage plant were studied. It was observed that using planting space of 15 cm gave the maximum mean values of total phenolic and antioxidant content and essential oil percentage. Using 30 cm planting space gave the maximum mean values of plant height, yield of herb fresh and dry weight per hectare, yield of roots dry weight and essential oil per hectare. While the plant space of 45 cm recorded the maximum mean values of fresh and dry weight of herb and roots fresh weight per plant and chlorophyll content. For melatonin levels, using 100 µM melatonin solution had the minimum mean values of number of days to emergence. While, soaking seeds in 75 µM melatonin solution recorded the best results of all studied parameters. Regarding the combination treatments, measurements comprising of herb fresh and dry weight as well as essential oil yield per hectare showed that the combination treatment of 30 cm between plants in row plus soaking seeds in 75 µM melatonin solution was able to achieve the maximum values of these parameters. While the combination treatment of 15 cm between plants in row plus soaking solution of 75 µM melatonin is recommended for getting the maximum yield of root fresh and dry weight per hectare and the maximum total phenolic and antioxidant contents per herb in both cuts of both studied season. The first major compound of lovage essential oil of herb is α-terpinyle acetate followed by β-Phellandrene. The percentages of these compounds were affected by the applied treatments. The volatile oil of lovage plant exhibits high antibacterial and antifungal properties in the concentrations range of 75–100 µg mL−1.
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32
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Ahammed GJ, Guang Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Mechanisms of elevated CO 2-induced thermotolerance in plants: the role of phytohormones. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2273-2286. [PMID: 34269828 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is a key driver of climate change, intensifying drastic changes in meteorological parameters. Plants can sense and respond to changes in environmental parameters including atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. High temperatures beyond the physiological threshold can significantly affect plant growth and development and thus attenuate crop productivity. However, elevated atmospheric CO2 can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on plants. Despite a large body of literature supporting the positive impact of elevated CO2 on thermotolerance, the underlying biological mechanisms and precise molecular pathways that lead to enhanced tolerance to heat stress remain largely unclear. Under heat stress, elevated CO2-induced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play a critical role in stomatal movement, which optimizes gas exchange to enhance photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Notably, elevated CO2 also fortifies antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis to alleviate heat-induced oxidative damage. Both hormone-dependent and independent pathways have been shown to mediate high CO2-induced thermotolerance. The activation of heat-shock factors and subsequent expression of heat-shock proteins are thought to be the essential mechanism downstream of hormone and ROS signaling. Here we review the role of phytohormones in plant response to high atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of elevated CO2-induced thermotolerance by focusing on several key phytohormones such as ethylene. Finally, we address some limitations of our current understanding and the need for further research to unveil the yet-unknown crosstalk between plant hormones in mediating high CO2-induced thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
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Ayyaz A, Farooq MA, Dawood M, Majid A, Javed M, Athar HUR, Bano H, Zafar ZU. Exogenous melatonin regulates chromium stress-induced feedback inhibition of photosynthesis and antioxidative protection in Brassica napus cultivars. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2063-2080. [PMID: 34417832 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an early player in chromium stress response in canola plants; it promotes ROS scavenging and chlorophyll stability, modulates PSII stability and regulates feedback inhibition of photosynthesis conferring chromium tolerance. The development of heavy metals, especially chromium (Cr)-tolerant cultivars is mainly constrained due to poor knowledge of the mechanism behind Cr stress tolerance. In the present study, two Brassica napus contrasting cultivars Ac-Excel and DGL were studied for Cr stress tolerance by using chlorophyll a fluorescence technique and biochemical attributes with and without melatonin (MT) treatments. Cr stress significantly reduced the PSII and PSI efficiency, biomass accumulation, proline content and antioxidant enzymes in both the cultivars. The application of MT minimized the oxidative stress, as revealed via a lower level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis (H2O2 and OH-). Enhanced enzymatic activities of important antioxidants (SOD, APX, CAT, POD), proline and total soluble protein contents under MT application play an effective role in the regulation of multiple transcriptional pathways involved in oxidative stress responses. Higher NPQ and Y(NPQ) observed in Cr stress tolerant cv Ac-Excel, indicating that the MT-treated tolerant cultivar had better ability to protect PSII under Cr stress by increasing heat dissipation as photo-protective component of NPQ. Reduced PSI efficiency along with increased donor end limitation of PSI in both canola cultivars further confirmed the lower PSII activity and electron transport from PSII. The Cr content was higher in cv. DGL as compared to (that in Ac-Excel). The application of MT significantly decreased the Cr content in leaves of both cultivars. Overall, MT-induced Cr stress tolerance in canola cultivars can be related to improved PSII activity, Y(NPQ), and antioxidant potential and these physiological attributes can effectively be used to select cultivars for Cr stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Javed
- Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Sub-Campus Dera Ghazi Khan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib-Ur-Rehman Athar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hussan Bano
- Department of Botany, The Women University, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ullah Zafar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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Jahan MS, Guo S, Sun J, Shu S, Wang Y, El-Yazied AA, Alabdallah NM, Hikal M, Mohamed MHM, Ibrahim MFM, Hasan MM. Melatonin-mediated photosynthetic performance of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:309-320. [PMID: 34392044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is a fundamental biosynthetic process in plants that can enhance carbon absorption and increase crop productivity. Heat stress severely inhibits photosynthetic efficiency. Melatonin is a bio-stimulator capable of regulating diverse abiotic stress tolerances. However, the underlying mechanisms of melatonin-mediated photosynthesis in plants exposed to heat stress largely remain elucidated. Our results revealed that melatonin treatment (100 μM) in tomato seedlings increased the endogenous melatonin levels and photosynthetic pigment content along with upregulated of their biosynthesis gene expression under high-temperature stress (42 °C for 24 h), whereas heat stress significantly decreased the values of gas exchange parameters. Under heat stress, melatonin boosted CO2 assimilation, i.e., Vc,max (maximum rate of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, Rubisco), and Jmax (electron transport of Rubisco generation) and also enhanced the Rubisco and FBPase activities, which resulted in upregulated photosynthetic related gene expression. In addition, heat stress greatly reduced the photochemical chemistry of photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), particularly the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (Pm). Conversely, melatonin supplementation increased the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters led to amplifying the electron transport efficiency. Moreover, heat stress decreased the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), while increasing nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ); however, melatonin reversed these values, which helps to fostering the dissipation of excess excitation energy. Taken together, our results provide a concrete insight into the efficacy of melatonin-mediated photosynthesis performance in a high-temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed Abou El-Yazied
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 383, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hikal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mostafa H M Mohamed
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F M Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Md Mahadi Hasan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Li S, Guo J, Wang T, Gong L, Liu F, Brestic M, Liu S, Song F, Li X. Melatonin reduces nanoplastic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat. J Pineal Res 2021; 71:e12761. [PMID: 34392562 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With increasing plastic production and consumption, large amounts of polystyrene nanoplastics are accumulated in soil due to improper disposal causing pollution and deleterious effects to environment. However, little information is available about how to alleviate the adverse impacts of nanoplastics on crops. In this study, the involvement of melatonin in modulating nanoplastic uptake, translocation, and toxicity in wheat plant was investigated. The results demonstrated that exogenous melatonin application reduced the nanoplastic uptake by roots and their translocation to shoots via regulating the expression of genes associated with aquaporin, including the upregulation of the TIP2-9, PIP2, PIP3, and PIP1.2 in leaves and TIP2-9, PIP1-5, PIP2, and PIP1.2 in roots. Melatonin activated the ROS scavenging system to maintain a better redox homeostasis and ameliorated the negative effects of nanoplastics on carbohydrate metabolism, hence ameliorated the plant growth and enhanced the tolerance to nanoplastics toxicity. This process was closely related to the exogenous melatonin application induced melatonin accumulation in leave. These results suggest that melatonin could alleviate the adverse effects of nanoplastics on wheat, and exogenous melatonin application might be used as a promising management strategy to sustain crop production in the nanoplastic-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fengbin Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ahmad S, Muhammad I, Wang GY, Zeeshan M, Yang L, Ali I, Zhou XB. Ameliorative effect of melatonin improves drought tolerance by regulating growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:368. [PMID: 34384391 PMCID: PMC8359050 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is considered a potential plant growth regulator to enhance the growth of plants and increase tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, melatonin's role in mediating stress response in different plant species and growth cycles still needs to be explored. This study was conducted to understand the impact of different melatonin concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM) applied as a soil drench to maize seedling under drought stress conditions. A decreased irrigation approach based on watering was exposed to maize seedling after drought stress was applied at 40-45% of field capacity. RESULTS The results showed that drought stress negatively affected the growth behavior of maize seedlings, such as reduced biomass accumulation, decreased photosynthetic pigments, and enhanced the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, melatonin application enhanced plant growth; alleviated ROS-induced oxidative damages by increasing the photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content, and osmo-protectants of maize seedlings. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin treatment also enhanced the stomatal traits, such as stomatal length, width, area, and the number of pores under drought stress conditions. Our data suggested that 100 μM melatonin application as soil drenching could provide a valuable foundation for improving plant tolerance to drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ihsan Muhammad
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Guo Yun Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Izhar Ali
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xun Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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37
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Imran M, Latif Khan A, Shahzad R, Aaqil Khan M, Bilal S, Khan A, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Exogenous melatonin induces drought stress tolerance by promoting plant growth and antioxidant defence system of soybean plants. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab026. [PMID: 34234933 PMCID: PMC8255075 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolamine bioactive molecule that regulates a wide range of physiological processes during plant growth and enhances abiotic stress tolerance. Here we examined the putative role of exogenous melatonin application (foliar or root zone) in improving drought stress tolerance in soybean seedlings. Pre-treatment of soybean seedlings with melatonin (50 and 100 µM) was found to significantly mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on plant growth-related parameters and chlorophyll content. The beneficial impacts against drought were more pronounced by melatonin application in the rhizosphere than in foliar treatments. The melatonin-induced enhanced tolerance could be attributed to improved photosynthetic activity, reduction of abscisic acid and drought-induced oxidative damage by lowering the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. Interestingly, the contents of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were significantly higher following melatonin treatment in the root zone than in foliar treatment compared with the control. The activity of major antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase was stimulated by melatonin application. In addition, melatonin counteracted the drought-induced increase in proline and sugar content. These findings revealed that modifying the endogenous plant hormone content and antioxidant enzymes by melatonin application improved drought tolerance in soybean seedlings. Our findings provide evidence for the stronger physiological role of melatonin in the root zone than in leaves, which may be useful in the large-scale field level application during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 41566Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, the University of Haripur, Haripur 21120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 41566Republic of Korea
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Plant and Soil sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 41566Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, 41566Republic of Korea
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38
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Saucedo-García M, González-Córdova CD, Ponce-Pineda IG, Cano-Ramírez D, Romero-Colín FM, Arroyo-Pérez EE, King-Díaz B, Zavafer A, Gavilanes-Ruíz M. Effects of MPK3 and MPK6 kinases on the chloroplast architecture and function induced by cold acclimation in Arabidopsis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:201-212. [PMID: 34132948 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures develops freezing tolerance in many plant species. Such process is called cold acclimation. Molecular changes undergone during cold acclimation are orchestrated by signalling networks including MAP kinases. Structure and function of chloroplasts are affected by low temperatures. The aim of this work was to study how the MAP kinases MPK3 and MPK6 are involved in the chloroplast performance upon a long period of cold acclimation. We used Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and mpk3 and mpk6 mutants. Adult plants were acclimated during 7 days at 4 °C and then measurements of PSII performance and chloroplast ultrastructure were carried out. Only the mpk6 acclimated plants showed a high freezing sensitivity. No differences in the PSII function were observed in the plants from the three genotypes exposed to non-acclimated or acclimated conditions. The acclimation of wild-type plants produced severe alterations in the ultrastructure of chloroplast and thylakoids, which was more accentuated in the mpk plants. However, only the mpk6 mutant was unable to internalize the damaged chloroplasts into the vacuole. These results indicate that cold acclimation induces alterations in the chloroplast architecture leading to preserve an optimal performance of PSII. MPK3 and MPK6 are necessary to regulate these morphological changes, but besides, MPK6 is needed to the vacuolization of the damaged chloroplasts, suggesting a role in the chloroplast recycling during cold acclimation. The latter could be quite relevant, since it could explain why this mutant is the only one showing an extremely low freezing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Saucedo-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Carla D González-Córdova
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
| | - I Giordano Ponce-Pineda
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
| | - Dora Cano-Ramírez
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB3 0LJ, UK
| | - Fernanda M Romero-Colín
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
| | - Erik E Arroyo-Pérez
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
| | - Beatriz King-Díaz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México
| | - Alonso Zavafer
- Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2001, Australia
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruíz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Conjunto E. Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México City, México.
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Yan F, Zhang J, Li W, Ding Y, Zhong Q, Xu X, Wei H, Li G. Exogenous melatonin alleviates salt stress by improving leaf photosynthesis in rice seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:367-375. [PMID: 33930628 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an important antioxidant existing in plants and animals, has been widely reported to participate in the process of plants coping with stress. In this study, we demonstrated the mechanism of MT enhancing photosynthesis in rice under salt stress. The results showed that MT treatment increased relative water content, sucrose and starch content of rice under salt stress. This was mainly owing to the fact that MT enhanced the net photosynthetic rate and enhanced the absorption and transmission of light energy. The effect of MT on photosynthesis of rice under salt stress conditions was mainly due to the regulation of three processes: maintaining low ROS status by improving the total antioxidant capacity, promoting the xanthophyll cycle and increasing the xanthophyll pool size to dissipate excess light energy, increasing the activities of key photosynthetic enzymes. Taken together, these results provide a mechanism for MT to improve the photosynthetic capacity of rice under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Yan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanfeng Ding
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qiuyi Zhong
- Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China.
| | - Xia Xu
- Zhangjiagang Changyinsha Modern Agricultural Demonstration Park Management Committee, Zhangjiagang, China.
| | - Haimin Wei
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ganghua Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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40
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Ren MX, Mora-Poblete F, Arnao MB, Naz S, Anwar M, Altaf MM, Shahid S, Shakoor A, Sohail H, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Chen JT. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:820-846. [PMID: 33159319 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio-stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra-violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sidra Shahid
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li GZ, Liu J, Chen SJ, Wang PF, Liu HT, Dong J, Zheng YX, Xie YX, Wang CY, Guo TC, Kang GZ. Melatonin promotes potassium deficiency tolerance by regulating HAK1 transporter and its upstream transcription factor NAC71 in wheat. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12727. [PMID: 33666955 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is involved in various physiological processes and stress responses in animals and plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which MT regulates potassium deficiency (DK) tolerance in crops. In this study, an appropriate concentration (50 μmol/L) was found to enhance the tolerance of wheat plants against DK. RNA-seq analysis showed that a total of 6253 and 5873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were separately identified in root and leaf tissues of the DK + MT-treated wheat plants. They functionally involved biological processes of secondary metabolite, signal transduction, and transport or catabolism. Of these, an upregulated high-affinity K transporter 1 (TaHAK1) gene was next characterized. TaHAK1 overexpression markedly enhanced the K absorption, while its transient silencing exhibited the opposite effect, suggesting its important role in MT-mediated DK tolerance. Moreover, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) was used to screen the upstream regulators of TaHAK1 gene and the transcription factor TaNAC71 was identified. The binding between TaNAC71 and TaHAK1 promoter was evidenced by using Y1H, LUC, and EMSA assays. Transient overexpression of TaNAC71 in wheat protoplasts activated the TaHAK1 expression, whereas its transient silencing inhibited the TaHAK1 expression and aggravated the sensitivity to DK. Exogenous MT application greatly upregulated the expression of TaHAK1 in both transient overexpression and silencing systems. Our findings revealed some molecular mechanisms underlying MT-mediated DK tolerance and helped broaden its practical application in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Zi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shi-Juan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Xing Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xin Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tian-Cai Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhang Kang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Induction of Low Temperature Tolerance in Wheat by Pre-Soaking and Parental Treatment with Melatonin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041192. [PMID: 33672239 PMCID: PMC7926940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low temperatures seriously depress germination and seedling establishment in wheat and it is of great significance to explore approaches to improve wheat tolerance to low temperatures. In this study, the effects of seed pre-soaking and parental treatment with melatonin on seed germination and low temperature tolerance during the early growing stage in wheat were studied. The results showed that pre-soaking with melatonin increased the germination rate, improved antioxidant capacity and accelerated starch degradation under low temperature, which alleviated low temperature-induced damage to the chloroplasts in coleoptiles of wheat seedlings. Parental melatonin treatment during grain filling stage significantly decreased the grain weight. Seeds from parental melatonin-treated plants showed higher germination rates and higher antioxidant enzyme activity than the control seeds under low temperature. In addition, parental treatment with melatonin modulated the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, which contributes to enhanced low temperature tolerance in wheat offspring. It was suggested that both seed pre-soaking and parental treatment with melatonin could be the effective approaches for low temperature tolerance induction in wheat.
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Sun C, Liu L, Wang L, Li B, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:126-145. [PMID: 32678945 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth, aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti-senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene-related genes. Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress, cooperating with other phytohormones and well-known molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Stomata and Xylem Vessels Traits Improved by Melatonin Application Contribute to Enhancing Salt Tolerance and Fatty Acid Composition of Brassica napus L. Plants. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a limiting factor for the growth and yield quality of rapeseed. The potentiality of melatonin (MT; 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM) application as a seed priming agent in mediating K+/Na+ homeostasis and preventing the salinity stress mediated oxidative damage and photosynthetic inhibition was studied in two rapeseed cultivars. We found that 50 µM MT treatment imparted a very prominent impact on growth, metabolism of antioxidants, photosynthesis, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, yield, and fatty acids composition. Days required for appearance of first flower and 50% flowering were decreased by MT application. Exogenous MT treatment effectively decreased the oxidative damage by significantly declining the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide under saline and non-saline conditions, as reflected in lowered lipid peroxidation, heightened membrane stability, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Furthermore, MT application enhanced the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, relative water content, K+/Na+ homeostasis, soluble sugars, and proline content. Moreover, MT application obviously improved the oil quality of rapeseed cultivars by reducing glucosinolates, saturated fatty acids (palmitic and arachidic acids), and enhancing unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic and oleic acids except erucic acid were reduced). Yield related-traits such as silique traits, seed yield per plant, 1000 seeds weight, seed oil content, and yield biomass traits were enhanced by MT application. The anatomical analysis of leaf and stem showed that stomatal and xylem vessels traits are associated with sodium chloride tolerance, yield, and seed fatty acid composition. These results suggest the supportive role of MT on the quality and quantity of rapeseed oil yield.
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Tan DX, Reiter RJ. An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4677-4689. [PMID: 32413108 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin's biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell System, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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The Alleviation of Photosynthetic Damage in Tomato under Drought and Cold Stress by High CO 2 and Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155587. [PMID: 32759822 PMCID: PMC7432885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The atmospheric CO2 concentration (a[CO2]) is increasing at an unprecedented pace. Exogenous melatonin plays positive roles in the response of plants to abiotic stresses, including drought and cold. The effect of elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) accompanied by exogenous melatonin on plants under drought and cold stresses remains unknown. Here, tomato plants were grown under a[CO2] and e[CO2], with half of the plants pre-treated with melatonin. The plants were subsequently treated with drought stress followed by cold stress. The results showed that a decreased net photosynthetic rate (PN) was aggravated by a prolonged water deficit. The PN was partially restored after recovery from drought but stayed low under a successive cold stress. Starch content was downregulated by drought but upregulated by cold. The e[CO2] enhanced PN of the plants under non-stressed conditions, and moderate drought and recovery but not severe drought. Stomatal conductance (gs) and the transpiration rate (E) was less inhibited by drought under e[CO2] than under a[CO2]. Tomato grown under e[CO2] had better leaf cooling than under a[CO2] when subjected to drought. Moreover, melatonin enhanced PN during recovery from drought and cold stress, and enhanced biomass accumulation in tomato under e[CO2]. The chlorophyll a content in plants treated with melatonin was higher than in non-treated plants under e[CO2] during cold stress. Our findings will improve the knowledge on plant responses to abiotic stresses in a future [CO2]-rich environment accompanied by exogenous melatonin.
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Melatonin Suppressed the Heat Stress-Induced Damage in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating the Antioxidant Machinery. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070809. [PMID: 32605176 PMCID: PMC7412093 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various environmental stresses, including heat stress (HS). In this study, a 100 μM melatonin (MT) pretreatment followed by exposure to heat stress for different time periods was found to efficiently reduce oxidative stress by preventing the over-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), and increasing proline (Pro) biosynthesis. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were increased substantially in MT-pretreated wheat seedlings. The presence of MT significantly improved the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by modulating their antioxidant defense system, activating the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle comprising ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and increasing glutathione reductase (GR) activities. It also held the photosynthetic machinery stable by increasing the chlorophyll content. Enhancement in the endogenous MT contents was also observed in the MT+HS-treated plants. Furthermore, the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes TaSOD, TaPOD, and TaCAT, and anti-stress responsive genes, such as TaMYB80, TaWRKY26, and TaWRKY39, was also induced in MT-treated seedlings. Due to these notable changes, an improvement in stress resistance was observed in MT-treated seedlings compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that MT can play a key role in boosting the stress tolerance of plants by modulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the transcription of stress-responsive genes.
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Hu W, Cao Y, Loka DA, Harris-Shultz KR, Reiter RJ, Ali S, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Exogenous melatonin improves cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) pollen fertility under drought by regulating carbohydrate metabolism in male tissues. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:579-588. [PMID: 32330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although exogenous melatonin can enhance the drought tolerance of plants, reports on the role of melatonin in drought tolerance in male reproductive organs are limited. To explore this, a pot experiment was conducted with cotton cultivar Yuzaomian 9110 to study the effects of exogenous melatonin (100, 200, and 1000 μM) on male fertility and related carbohydrate metabolism in anther under drought. Results showed that drought inhibited the translocation of carbon assimilates to anthers, however, melatonin application (100 and 200 μM) significantly improved the translocation of carbon assimilates to drought-stressed anthers. Drought reduced the deposition of starch, the hydrolysis of sucrose into hexoses, the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in anthers, restricting pollen viability and germination. Nevertheless, the appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) increased the starch accumulation by enhancing ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and soluble starch synthases activities and accelerated the hydrolysis of sucrose by increasing sucrose synthase, acid and alkaline invertases activities in drought-stressed anthers. Appropriate melatonin concentrations (100 and 200 μM) also could help to generate more ATP for reproductive activities of drought-stressed anthers, finally increasing the pollen viability and germination of drought-stressed plants. These findings suggest that drought inhibited male fertility of cotton, but a precise melatonin application could regulate the carbohydrate balance of drought-stressed anthers to improve male fertility. This is the first report demonstrating the important role of exogenous melatonin in improving male fertility under drought conditions by regulating the carbohydrate metabolism in the male part of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Cao
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dimitra A Loka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization, Larisa, 41335, Greece
| | - Karen R Harris-Shultz
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service-United States Department of Agriculture, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Saif Ali
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production (JCIC-MCP), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Ahammed GJ, Mao Q, Yan Y, Wu M, Wang Y, Ren J, Guo P, Liu A, Chen S. Role of Melatonin in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:999-1009. [PMID: 32096697 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-19-0435-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that confers tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of melatonin in plant response to Fusarium oxysporum and the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain unclear. Here we show that exogenous melatonin application promoted the AMF colonization rate in cucumber roots, which potentially suppressed Fusarium wilt as evidenced by a decreased disease index and an increased control effect. Leaf gas exchange analysis revealed that Fusarium inoculation significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). Intriguingly, either melatonin application or AMF inoculation significantly increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, and dry biomass, and their combined treatment showed a more profound effect under Fusarium stress. Further analysis showed that Fusarium induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Conversely, either melatonin or AMF drastically attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage in Fusarium-inoculated plants, and their combined treatment caused a further decrease. Fusarium inoculation decreased the activity and transcripts of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of glutathione and proline. Besides, the activity and transcripts of peroxidase and catalase, the content of phenols and flavonoids increased after Fusarium infection. Importantly, melatonin and/or AMF significantly increased those parameters with the greatest effect with their combined treatment under Fusarium stress. Our results suggest that a positive collaboration between melatonin and AMF enhances resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Qi Mao
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yaru Yan
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Pan Guo
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, P.R. China
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50
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Sadak MS, Bakry BA. Alleviation of drought stress by melatonin foliar treatment on two flax varieties under sandy soil. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 26:907-919. [PMID: 32377041 PMCID: PMC7196597 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of melatonin treatments on improving plant tolerance against drought stress is clear, while its special role and influences are poorly investigated. Thus, the effect of external treatment with different concentrations (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) of melatonin on two varieties of flax plant (Letwania-9 and Sakha-2) growth, some biochemical aspects and yield under normal [100% water irrigation requirements (WIR)] and drought stress conditions (75% and 50% WIR) in sandy soil were investigated in this study. Drought stress decreased significantly different growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, yield and yield components of the two studied flax varieties. While, it increased significantly phenolic contents, total soluble sugars (TSS), proline and free amino acids as well as some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase). Meanwhile, external treatment of melatonin (2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mM) increased significantly different growth and yield parameters as well as the studied biochemical and physiological aspects under 100% WIR. Also, melatonin treatment could alleviate the adverse effects of drought stress and increased significantly growth parameters, yield and quality of the two varieties of flax plant via improving photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid, phenolic, TSS, proline free amino acids contents and antioxidant enzyme systems, as compared with their corresponding untreated controls. Foliar treatment of 5.0 mM melatonin showed the greatest growth, the studied biochemical aspects and yield quantity and quality of Letwania-9 and Sakha-2 varieties of flax plants either at normal irrigation or under stress conditions. Finally we can conclude that, melatonin treatment improved and alleviated the reduced effect of drought stress on growth and yield of two flax varieties through enhancing photosynthetic pigment, osmoptrotectants and antioxidant enzyme systems. 5 mM was the most effective concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Shamoon Sadak
- Botany Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bakry Ahmed Bakry
- Field Crop Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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