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Gao YQ, Guo R, Wang HY, Sun JY, Chen CZ, Hu D, Zhong CW, Jiang MM, Shen RF, Zhu XF, Huang J. Melatonin Increases Root Cell Wall Phosphorus Reutilization via an NO Dependent Pathway in Rice (Oryza sativa). J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12995. [PMID: 39073181 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) has been implicated in the plant response to phosphorus (P) stress; however, the precise molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated whether MT controls internal P distribution and root cell wall P remobilization in rice. Rice was treated with varying MT and P levels and analyzed using biochemical and molecular techniques to study phosphorus utilization. The results demonstrated that low P levels lead to a rapid increase in endogenous MT levels in rice roots. Furthermore, the exogenous application of MT significantly improved rice tolerance to P deficiency, as evidenced by the increased biomass and reduced proportion of roots to shoots under P-deficient conditions. MT application also mitigated the decrease in P content regardless in both the roots and shoots. Mechanistically, MT accelerated the reutilization of P, particularly in the root pectin fraction, leading to increased soluble P liberation. In addition, MT enhanced the expression of OsPT8, a gene involved in root-to-shoot P translocation. Furthermore, we observed that MT induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in P-deficient rice roots and that the mitigating effect of MT on P deficiency was compromised in the presence of the NO inhibitor, c-PTIO, implying that NO is involved in the MT-facilitated mitigation of P deficiency in rice. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of MT as a promising strategy for enhancing rice tolerance to P deficiency and improving P use efficiency in agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qiang Gao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Ya Sun
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Zhao Chen
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Wei Zhong
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Meng Jiang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Huang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Khan M, Hussain A, Yun BW, Mun BG. Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6799. [PMID: 38928504 PMCID: PMC11203645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fan Z, Lin S, Jiang J, Zeng Y, Meng Y, Ren J, Wu P. Dual-Model GWAS Analysis and Genomic Selection of Maize Flowering Time-Related Traits. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:740. [PMID: 38927676 PMCID: PMC11203321 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An appropriate flowering period is an important selection criterion in maize breeding. It plays a crucial role in the ecological adaptability of maize varieties. To explore the genetic basis of flowering time, GWAS and GS analyses were conducted using an associating panel consisting of 379 multi-parent DH lines. The DH population was phenotyped for days to tasseling (DTT), days to pollen-shedding (DTP), and days to silking (DTS) in different environments. The heritability was 82.75%, 86.09%, and 85.26% for DTT, DTP, and DTS, respectively. The GWAS analysis with the FarmCPU model identified 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed on chromosomes 3, 8, 9, and 10 that were significantly associated with flowering time-related traits. The GWAS analysis with the BLINK model identified seven SNPs distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 8, 9, and 10 that were significantly associated with flowering time-related traits. Three SNPs 3_198946071, 9_146646966, and 9_152140631 showed a pleiotropic effect, indicating a significant genetic correlation between DTT, DTP, and DTS. A total of 24 candidate genes were detected. A relatively high prediction accuracy was achieved with 100 significantly associated SNPs detected from GWAS, and the optimal training population size was 70%. This study provides a better understanding of the genetic architecture of flowering time-related traits and provides an optimal strategy for GS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Penghao Wu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.F.); (S.L.); (J.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.M.); (J.R.)
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Wang M, Li J, Li T, Kang S, Jiang S, Huang J, Tang H. Light Supplementation in Pitaya Orchards Induces Pitaya Flowering in Winter by Promoting Phytohormone Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4794. [PMID: 38732009 PMCID: PMC11083671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between light and phytohormones is crucial for plant growth and development. The practice of supplementing light at night during winter to promote pitaya flowering and thereby enhance yield has been shown to be crucial and widely used. However, it remains unclear how supplemental winter light regulates phytohormone levels to promote flowering in pitaya. In this study, through analyzing the transcriptome data of pitaya at four different stages (NL, L0, L1, L2), we observed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in the phytohormone biosynthesis pathway. We further analyzed the data and found that cytokinin (CK) content first increased at the L0 stage and then decreased at the L1 and L2 stages after supplemental light treatment compared to the control (NL). Gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA) content increased during the formation of flower buds (L1, L2 stages). In addition, the levels of GA, ethylene (ETH), IAA, and abscisic acid (ABA) increased in flower buds after one week of development (L2f). Our results suggest that winter nighttime supplemental light can interact with endogenous hormone signaling in pitaya, particularly CK, to regulate flower bud formation. These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of phytohormone interactions during the induction of flowering in pitaya under supplemental light in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaxue Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shaoling Kang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Senrong Jiang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China; (M.W.); (J.L.); (T.L.); (S.K.); (S.J.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Li Q, Zhang B, Liu W, Zou H. Strigolactones alleviate the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in maize (Zea mays L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170626. [PMID: 38325482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are widely used across various fields, yet their uptake can potentially exert adverse effects on plant growth and development, ultimately reducing yields. While there is growing awareness of the phytotoxicity caused by nanoplastics, our understanding of effective strategies to prevent nanoplastic accumulation in plants remains limited. This study explores the role of strigolactones (SLs) in mitigating the toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) in Zea mays L. (maize). SLs application markedly inhibited PS-NPs accumulation in maize roots, thus enhancing the root weight, shoot weight and shoot length of maize. Physiological analysis showed that SLs application activated the activities of antioxidant defence enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, to decrease the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage and alleviate the accumulation of H2O2 and O2.- induced by PS-NPs in maize plants. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that SLs application induced transcriptional reprogramming by regulating the expression of genes related to MAPK, plant hormones and plant-pathogen interaction signal pathways in maize treated with PS-NPs. Notably, the expression of genes, such as ZmAUX/IAA and ZmGID1, associated with phytohormones in maize treated with PS-NPs underwent significant changes. In addition, SLs induced metabolic dynamics changes related to amino acid biosynthesis, ABC transporters, cysteine and methionine metabolism in maize treated with PS-NPs. In summary, these results strongly reveal that SLs could serve as a strategy to mitigate the accumulation and alleviate the stress of PS-NPs in maize, which appears to be a potential approach for mitigating the phytotoxicity induced by PS-NPs in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolu Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Binglin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Weijuan Liu
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
| | - Huawen Zou
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China.
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Zhao K, Jia D, Zhang X, Li S, Su J, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F, Ding L. FUL homologous gene CmFL1 is involved in regulating flowering time and floret numbers in Chrysanthemum morifolium. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 336:111863. [PMID: 37683984 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Flowering time and floret numbers are important ornamental characteristics of chrysanthemums that control their adaptability and inflorescence morphology, respectively. The FRUITFULL (FUL) gene plays a key role in inducing flowering and inflorescence meristem development. In this study, we isolated a homolog of the MADS-box gene FUL, CmFUL-Like 1 (CmFL1), from chrysanthemum inflorescence buds. Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ analyses showed that CmFL1 was strongly expressed in young inflorescence buds. Overexpression of CmFL1 caused early flowering while co-suppression expression of CmFL1 increased the number of florets. Furthermore, the floral promoting factors CmSOC1, CmFDL1, and CmLFY were up-regulated in the shoot tips of transgenic plants. In addition, RNA-seq analysis of the transgenic plants suggested that certain differentially expressed genes (DEGs)-such as MADS-box, homeobox family, and ethylene pathway genes-may be involved in the inflorescence meristem development. GO pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially transcribed genes enriched the representation of the carbohydrate metabolic pathway, which is critical for flower development. Overall, our findings revealed the conserved function of CmFL1 in controlling flowering time along with a novel function in regulating the number of florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Diwen Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Song Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiangshuo Su
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lian Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Flower Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Qi F, Gao Y, Liu J, Yao X, Han K, Wu Z, Wang Y. Alleviation of cadmium-induced photoinhibition and oxidative stress by melatonin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27561-6. [PMID: 37269507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most threatening challenges to the natural environment and human health, cadmium (Cd) pollution has seriously impacted natural organisms. Green algae, such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii), can provide a safer, lower cost, and more effective ecological approach to the treatment of heavy metal ions in wastewater due to their sorption properties. However, heavy metal ions affect C. reinhardtii when adsorbed. Melatonin is able to protect the plant body from damage when the plant is under biotic/abiotic stress. Therefore, we investigated the effects of melatonin on the cell morphology, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, enzymatic activity of the antioxidant system, gene expression, and the ascorbic acid (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle of C. reinhardtii under the stress of Cd (13 mg/L). Our results indicated that Cd significantly induced photoinhibition and overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By application with the concentration of 1.0 μM melatonin, the algal solute of C. reinhardtii under the Cd stress gradually regained its green color, the cell morphology became intact, and the photosynthetic electron transport function was retained. However, in the melatonin-silenced strain, there was a significant decrease in all of the above indicators. In addition, the use of exogenous melatonin or the expression of endogenous melatonin genes could enhance the intracellular enzyme activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR). It also upregulated the expression of active enzyme genes such as SOD1, CAT1, FSD1, GSH1, GPX5, and GSHR1. These results indicate that the presence of melatonin effectively protects the activity of photosynthetic system II in C. reinhardtii, enhances antioxidant activity, upregulates gene expression in the AsA-GSH cycle, and reduces the level of ROS, thereby alleviating the damage caused by Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiangyu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Kai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Melatonin Alleviates Chromium Toxicity in Maize by Modulation of Cell Wall Polysaccharides Biosynthesis, Glutathione Metabolism, and Antioxidant Capacity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043816. [PMID: 36835227 PMCID: PMC9966513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, a pleiotropic regulatory molecule, is involved in the defense against heavy metal stress. Here, we used a combined transcriptomic and physiological approach to investigate the underlying mechanism of melatonin in mitigating chromium (Cr) toxicity in Zea mays L. Maize plants were treated with either melatonin (10, 25, 50 and 100 μM) or water and exposed to 100 μM K2Cr2O7 for seven days. We showed that melatonin treatment significantly decreased the Cr content in leaves. However, the Cr content in the roots was not affected by melatonin. Analyses of RNA sequencing, enzyme activities, and metabolite contents showed that melatonin affected cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and redox homeostasis. During Cr stress, melatonin treatment increased cell wall polysaccharide contents, thereby retaining more Cr in the cell wall. Meanwhile, melatonin improved the GSH and phytochelatin contents to chelate Cr, and the chelated complexes were then transported to the vacuoles for sequestration. Furthermore, melatonin mitigated Cr-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, melatonin biosynthesis-defective mutants exhibited decreased Cr stress resistance, which was related to lower pectin, hemicellulose 1, and hemicellulose 2 than wild-type plants. These results suggest that melatonin alleviates Cr toxicity in maize by promoting Cr sequestration, re-establishing redox homeostasis, and inhibiting Cr transport from the root to the shoot.
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Chen Q, Hou S, Pu X, Li X, Li R, Yang Q, Wang X, Guan M, Rengel Z. Dark secrets of phytomelatonin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5828-5839. [PMID: 35522068 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a newly identified plant hormone, and its primary functions in plant growth and development remain relatively poorly appraised. Phytomelatonin is a master regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and acts as a darkness signal in circadian stomatal closure. Plants exhibit at least three interrelated patterns of interaction between phytomelatonin and ROS production. Exogenous melatonin can induce flavonoid biosynthesis, which might be required for maintenance of antioxidant capacity under stress, after harvest, and in leaf senescence conditions. However, several genetic studies have provided direct evidence that phytomelatonin plays a negative role in the biosynthesis of flavonoids under non-stress conditions. Phytomelatonin delays flowering time in both dicot and monocot plants, probably via its receptor PMTR1 and interactions with the gibberellin, strigolactone, and ROS signaling pathways. Furthermore, phytomelatonin signaling also functions in hypocotyl and shoot growth in skotomorphogenesis and ultraviolet B (UV-B) exposure; the G protein α-subunit (Arabidopsis GPA1 and rice RGA1) and constitutive photomorphogenic1 (COP1) are important signal components during this process. Taken together, these findings indicate that phytomelatonin acts as a darkness signal with important regulatory roles in circadian stomatal closure, flavonoid biosynthesis, flowering, and hypocotyl and shoot growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Suying Hou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojun Pu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xinjia Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Miao Guan
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth WA, Australia
- Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia
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10
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Liu G, Hu Q, Zhang X, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Melatonin biosynthesis and signal transduction in plants in response to environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5818-5827. [PMID: 35522986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, the most widely distributed hormone in nature, plays important roles in plants. Many physiological processes in plants are linked to melatonin, including seed germination, anisotropic cell growth, and senescence. Compared with animals, different plants possess diverse melatonin biosynthetic pathways and regulatory networks. Whereas melatonin biosynthesis in animals is known to be regulated by ambient signals, little is known about how melatonin biosynthesis in plants responds to environmental signals. Plants are affected by numerous environmental factors, such as light, temperature, moisture, carbon dioxide, soil conditions, and nutrient availability at all stages of development and in different tissues. Melatonin content exhibits dynamic changes that affect plant growth and development. Melatonin plays various species-specific roles in plant responses to different environmental conditions. However, much remains to be learned, as not all environmental factors have been studied, and little is known about the mechanisms by which these factors influence melatonin biosynthesis. In this review, we provide a detailed, systematic description of melatonin biosynthesis and signaling and of the roles of melatonin in plant responses to different environmental factors, providing a reference for in-depth research on this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IUA-CAAS), Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center (NASC), Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Liu Y, Wang X, Lv H, Cao M, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhang X, Guo YD, Zhang N. Anabolism and signaling pathways of phytomelatonin. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5801-5817. [PMID: 35430630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is a small multifunctional molecule found ubiquitously in plants, which plays an important role in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The classical biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of phytomelatonin have been elucidated, and uncovering alternative pathways has deepened our understanding of phytomelatonin synthesis. Phytomelatonin functions mainly via two pathways. In the direct pathway, phytomelatonin mediates the stress-induced reactive oxygen species burst through its strong antioxidant capacity. In the indirect pathway, phytomelatonin acts as a signal to activate signaling cascades and crosstalk with other plant hormones. The phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1/CAND2 was discovered in 2018, which enhanced our understanding of phytomelatonin function. This review summarizes the classical and potential pathways involved in phytomelatonin synthesis and metabolism. To elucidate the functions of phytomelatonin, we focus on the crosstalk between phytomelatonin and other phytohormones. We propose two models to explain how PMTR1 transmits the phytomelatonin signal through the G protein and MAPK cascade. This review will facilitate the identification of additional signaling molecules that function downstream of the phytomelatonin signaling pathway, thus improving our understanding of phytomelatonin signal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongchong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Huasheng Agriculture Co. Ltd, Qingzhou, Shandong, 262500, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- School of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572000, China
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12
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Wang K, Xing Q, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Functions and prospects of melatonin in plant growth, yield, and quality. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5928-5946. [PMID: 35640564 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indole molecule widely found in animals and plants. It is well known that melatonin improves plant resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses due to its potent free radical scavenging ability while being able to modulate plant signaling and response pathways through mostly unknown mechanisms. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that melatonin plays a crucial role in improving crop quality and yield by participating in the regulation of various aspects of plant growth and development. Here, we review the effects of melatonin on plant vegetative growth and reproductive development, and systematically summarize its molecular regulatory network. Moreover, the effective concentrations of exogenously applied melatonin in different crops or at different growth stages of the same crop are analysed. In addition, we compare endogenous phytomelatonin concentrations in various crops and different organs, and evaluate a potential function of phytomelatonin in plant circadian rhythms. The prospects of different approaches in regulating crop yield and quality through exogenous application of appropriate concentrations of melatonin, endogenous modification of phytomelatonin metabolism-related genes, and the use of nanomaterials and other technologies to improve melatonin utilization efficiency are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Wang
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qufan Xing
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
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Chen Q, Arnao MB. Phytomelatonin: an emerging new hormone in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5773-5778. [PMID: 36178429 PMCID: PMC9523825 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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14
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Mou Z, Wang H, Chen S, Reiter RJ, Zhao D. Molecular mechanisms and evolutionary history of phytomelatonin in flowering. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5840-5850. [PMID: 35443058 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is a critical stage in plant life history, which is coordinated by environmental signals and endogenous cues. Phytomelatonin is a widely distributed indoleamine present in all living organisms and plays pleiotropic roles in plant growth and development. Recent evidence has established that phytomelatonin could modulate flowering in many species, probably in a concentration-dependent manner. Phytomelatonin seems to associate with floral meristem identification and floral organ formation, and the fluctuation of phytomelatonin might be important for flowering. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, phytomelatonin interacts with the central components of floral gene regulatory networks directly or indirectly, including the MADS-box gene family, phytohormones, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). From an evolutionary point of view, the actions of phytomelatonin in flowering probably evolved during the period of the diversification of flowering plants and could be regarded as a functional extension of its primary activities. The presumed evolutionary history of phytomelatonin-modulated flowering is proposed, presented in the chronological order of the appearance of phytomelatonin and core flowering regulators, namely DELLA proteins, ROS, and phytohormones. Further efforts are needed to address some intriguing aspects, such as the exploration of the association between phytomelatonin and photoperiodic flowering, phytomelatonin-related floral MADS-box genes, the crosstalk between phytomelatonin and phytohormones, as well as its potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmin Mou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Suiyun Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dake Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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15
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López-Jiménez AJ, Morote L, Niza E, Mondéjar M, Rubio-Moraga Á, Diretto G, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L. Subfunctionalization of D27 Isomerase Genes in Saffron. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810543. [PMID: 36142456 PMCID: PMC9504799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoplasts and chloroplasts contain carotenoid pigments as all-trans- and cis-isomers, which function as accessory light-harvesting pigments, antioxidant and photoprotective agents, and precursors of signaling molecules and plant hormones. The carotenoid pathway involves the participation of different carotenoid isomerases. Among them, D27 is a β-carotene isomerase showing high specificity for the C9-C10 double bond catalyzing the interconversion of all-trans- into 9-cis-β-carotene, the precursor of strigolactones. We have identified one D27 (CsD27-1) and two D27-like (CsD27-2 and CsD27-3) genes in saffron, with CsD27-1 and CsD27-3, clearly differing in their expression patterns; specifically, CsD27-1 was mainly expressed in the undeveloped stigma and roots, where it is induced by Rhizobium colonization. On the contrary, CsD27-2 and CsD27-3 were mainly expressed in leaves, with a preferential expression of CsD27-3 in this tissue. In vivo assays show that CsD27-1 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans- to 9-cis-β-carotene, and could be involved in the isomerization of zeaxanthin, while CsD27-3 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans- to cis-ζ-carotene and all-trans- to cis-neurosporene. Our data show that CsD27-1 and CsD27-3 enzymes are both involved in carotenoid isomerization, with CsD27-1 being specific to chromoplast/amyloplast-containing tissue, and CsD27-3 more specific to chloroplast-containing tissues. Additionally, we show that CsD27-1 is co-expressed with CCD7 and CCD8 mycorrhized roots, whereas CsD27-3 is expressed at higher levels than CRTISO and Z-ISO and showed circadian regulation in leaves. Overall, our data extend the knowledge about carotenoid isomerization and their implications in several physiological and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María Mondéjar
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Wang W, Ren Z, Li L, Du Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Yi F, Duan L. Meta-QTL analysis explores the key genes, especially hormone related genes, involved in the regulation of grain water content and grain dehydration rate in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:346. [PMID: 35842577 PMCID: PMC9287936 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grain water content (GWC) at harvest of maize (Zea mays L.) is essential for mechanical harvesting, transportation and storage. Grain drying rate (GDR) is a key determinant of GWC. Many quantitative trait locus (QTLs) related to GDR and GWC have been reported, however, the confidence interval (CI) of these QTLs are too large and few QTLs has been fine-mapped or even been cloned. Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is an effective method to integrate QTLs information in independent populations, which helps to understand the genetic structure of quantitative traits. RESULTS In this study, MQTL analysis was performed using 282 QTLs from 25 experiments related GDR and GWC. Totally, 11 and 34 MQTLs were found to be associated with GDR and GWC, respectively. The average CI of GDR and GWC MQTLs was 24.44 and 22.13 cM which reduced the 57 and 65% compared to the average QTL interval for initial GDR and GWC QTL, respectively. Finally, 1494 and 5011 candidate genes related to GDR and GWC were identified in MQTL intervals, respectively. Among these genes, there are 48 genes related to hormone metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our studies combined traditional QTL analyses, genome-wide association study and RNA-seq to analysis major locus for regulating GWC in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Yang N, Han MH, Teng RM, Yang YZ, Wang YH, Xiong AS, Zhuang J. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Photosynthetic Capacity and Related Gene Expression in A Dose-Dependent Manner in the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126694. [PMID: 35743137 PMCID: PMC9223723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of photosynthesis of tea leaves can increase tea yield. In order to explore the regulation mechanism of exogenous melatonin (MT) on the photosynthetic characteristics of tea plants, tea variety 'Zhongcha 108' was used as the experimental material in this study. The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mM) of melatonin on the chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal opening, photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activity, and related gene expression of tea plants were detected and analyzed. The results showed that under 0.2-mM MT treatment, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) improved, accompanied by a decrease in stomata density and increase in stomata area. Zero point two millimolar MT increased Chl fluorescence level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, indicating that MT alleviated PSII inhibition and improved photochemical efficiency. At the same time, 0.2 mM MT induced the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and chlorophyll metabolism to varying degrees. The study demonstrated that MT can effectively enhance the photosynthetic capacity of tea plants in a dose-dependent manner. These results may promote a comprehensive understanding of the potential regulatory mechanism of exogenous MT on photosynthesis in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Miao-Hua Han
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Rui-Min Teng
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Zhuo Yang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Ai-Sheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.-H.W.); (A.-S.X.)
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Tea Science Research Institute, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (N.Y.); (M.-H.H.); (R.-M.T.); (Y.-Z.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Martínez-Lorente SE, Pardo-Hernández M, Martí-Guillén JM, López-Delacalle M, Rivero RM. Interaction between Melatonin and NO: Action Mechanisms, Main Targets, and Putative Roles of the Emerging Molecule NOmela. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126646. [PMID: 35743084 PMCID: PMC9223470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a ubiquitous indolamine molecule, has gained interest in the last few decades due to its regulatory role in plant metabolism. Likewise, nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, can also affect plant molecular pathways due to its function as a signaling molecule. Both MEL and NO can interact at multiple levels under abiotic stress, starting with their own biosynthetic pathways and inducing a particular signaling response in plants. Moreover, their interaction can result in the formation of NOmela, a very recently discovered nitrosated form of MEL with promising roles in plant physiology. This review summarizes the role of NO and MEL molecules during plant development and fruit ripening, as well as their interactions. Due to the impact of climate-change-related abiotic stresses on agriculture, this review also focuses on the role of these molecules in mediating abiotic stress tolerance and the main mechanisms by which they operate, from the upregulation of the entire antioxidant defense system to the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of important molecules. Their individual interaction and crosstalk with phytohormones and H2S are also discussed. Finally, we introduce and summarize the little information available about NOmela, an emerging and still very unknown molecule, but that seems to have a stronger potential than MEL and NO separately in mediating plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Martínez-Lorente
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - José M. Martí-Guillén
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María López-Delacalle
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- Center of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.E.M.-L.); (M.P.-H.); (J.M.M.-G.); (M.L.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968396200 (ext. 445379)
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Yin X, Bai YL, Gong C, Song W, Wu Y, Ye T, Feng YQ. The phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 regulates seed development and germination by modulating abscisic acid homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12797. [PMID: 35319134 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is known to involve multiple physiological actions in plants. Herein, we found that exogenous melatonin inhibited the Arabidopsis seedling growth through the elevated abscisic acid (ABA) levels, and the elevated ABA was ascribed to the upregulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes (NCEDs) in the ABA biosynthesis pathway. We also found that the overexpression lines of the melatonin receptor gene PMTR1 (also known as Cand2) yielded smaller seeds and germinated slower than the wild type, whereas PMTR1-knockout mutants produced larger seeds and germinated faster than the wild type. During the seed development, the accumulation peak of ABA was higher in the PMTR1-knockout mutant, while it was lower in the PMTR1-overexpression line than that in the wild type. In the dry seeds and imbibed seeds, the PMTR1-overexpression line accumulated higher ABA levels, while the PMTR1-knockout contained less ABA than the wild type. In summary, our findings suggest that PMTR1 is involved in ABA-mediated seed development and germination in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Song
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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20
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Ma K, Xu R, Zhao Y, Han L, Xu Y, Li L, Wang J, Li N. Walnut N-Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase Gene Family Genome-Wide Identification and Diverse Functions Characterization During Flower Bud Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:861043. [PMID: 35498672 PMCID: PMC9051526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.861043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin widely mediates multiple developmental dynamics in plants as a vital growth stimulator, stress protector, and developmental regulator. N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the final step of melatonin biosynthesis in plants and plays an essential role in the plant melatonin regulatory network. Studies of ASMT have contributed to understanding the mechanism of melatonin biosynthesis in plants. However, AMST gene is currently uncharacterized in most plants. In this study, we characterized the JrASMT gene family using bioinformatics in a melatonin-rich plant, walnut. Phylogenetic, gene structure, conserved motifs, promoter elements, interacting proteins and miRNA analyses were also performed. The expansion and differentiation of the ASMT family occurred before the onset of the plant terrestrialization. ASMT genes were more differentiated in dicotyledonous plants. Forty-six ASMT genes were distributed in clusters on 10 chromosomes of walnut. Four JrASMT genes had homologous relationships both within walnut and between species. Cis-regulatory elements showed that JrASMT was mainly induced by light and hormones, and targeted cleavage of miRNA172 and miR399 may be an important pathway to suppress JrASMT expression. Transcriptome data showed that 13 JrASMT were differentially expressed at different periods of walnut bud development. WGCNA showed that JrASMT1/10/13/23 were coexpressed with genes regulating cell fate and epigenetic modifications during early physiological differentiation of walnut female flower buds. JrASMT12/28/37/40 were highly expressed during morphological differentiation of flower buds, associated with altered stress capacity of walnut flower buds, and predicted to be involved in the regulatory network of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and cytokinin in walnut. The qRT-PCR validated the results of differential expression analysis and further provided three JrASMT genes with different expression profiles in walnut flower bud development. Our study explored the evolutionary relationships of the plant ASMT gene family and the functional characteristics of walnut JrASMT. It provides a valuable perspective for further understanding the complex melatonin mechanisms in plant developmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Ruiqiang Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Liqun Han
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuhui Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Fruit Science Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Urumqi, China
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21
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Imran M, Aaqil Khan M, Shahzad R, Bilal S, Khan M, Yun BW, Khan AL, Lee IJ. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021; 26:5116. [PMID: 34500550 PMCID: PMC8434054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate-glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- Department of Horticulture, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Murtaza Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, TX 77479, USA
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (M.I.); (M.A.K.); (M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
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22
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Liu X, Wan Y, An J, Zhang X, Cao Y, Li Z, Liu X, Ma H. Morphological, Physiological, and Molecular Responses of Sweetly Fragrant Luculia gratissima During the Floral Transition Stage Induced by Short-Day Photoperiod. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715683. [PMID: 34456954 PMCID: PMC8385556 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod-regulated floral transition is vital to the flowering plant. Luculia gratissima "Xiangfei" is a flowering ornamental plant with high development potential economically and is a short-day woody perennial. However, the genetic regulation of short-day-induced floral transition in L. gratissima is unclear. To systematically research the responses of L. gratissima during this process, dynamic changes in morphology, physiology, and transcript levels were observed and identified in different developmental stages of long-day- and short-day-treated L. gratissima plants. We found that floral transition in L. gratissima occurred 10 d after short-day induction, but flower bud differentiation did not occur at any stage under long-day conditions. A total of 1,226 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 146 genes were associated with flowering pathways of sugar, phytohormones, photoperiod, ambient temperature, and aging signals, as well as floral integrator and meristem identity genes. The trehalose-6-phosphate signal positively modulated floral transition by interacting with SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING-LIKE PROTEIN 4 (SPL4) in the aging pathway. Endogenous gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid promoted floral transition, whereas strigolactone inhibited it. In the photoperiod pathway, FD, CONSTANS-LIKE 12, and nuclear factors Y positively controlled floral transition, whereas PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7, FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX PROTEIN 1, and LUX negatively regulated it. SPL4 and pEARLI1 positively affected floral transition. Suppressor of Overexpression of Constans 1 and AGAMOUSLIKE24 integrated multiple flowering signals to modulate the expression of FRUITFULL/AGL8, AP1, LEAFY, SEPALLATAs, SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, and TERMINAL FLOWER 1, thereby regulating floral transition. Finally, we propose a regulatory network model for short-day-induced floral transition in L. gratissima. This study improves our understanding of flowering time regulation in L. gratissima and provides knowledge for its production and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfang Liu
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youming Wan
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Jing An
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Xiujiao Zhang
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Yurong Cao
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Xiuxian Liu
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China
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23
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Yang L, You J, Li J, Wang Y, Chan Z. Melatonin promotes Arabidopsis primary root growth in an IAA-dependent manner. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5599-5611. [PMID: 34009365 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has been characterized as a growth regulator in plants. Melatonin shares tryptophan as the precursor with the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), but the interplay between melatonin and IAA remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to dissect the relationship between melatonin and IAA in regulating Arabidopsis primary root growth. We observed that melatonin concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-6 M functioned as IAA mimics to promote primary root growth in Arabidopsis wild type, as well as in pin-formed (pin) single and double mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed that changes in gene expression after melatonin and IAA treatment were moderately correlated. Most of the IAA-regulated genes were co-regulated by melatonin, indicating that melatonin and IAA regulated a similar subset of genes. Melatonin partially rescued primary root growth defects in pin single and double mutant plants. However, melatonin treatment had little effect on primary root growth in the presence of high concentrations of auxin biosynthesis inhibitors, or polar transport inhibitor, and could not rescue the root length defect of the IAA biosynthesis quintuple mutant yucQ. Therefore, we propose that melatonin promotes primary root growth in an IAA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jun You
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jinzhu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A& F University, Yangling Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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24
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Melatonin in plants: what we know and what we don’t. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous micromolecular compound of indoleamine with multiple physiological functions in various organisms. In plants, melatonin is involved in growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, melatonin functions in phytohormone-mediated signal transduction pathways. There are multiple melatonin biosynthesis pathways, and the melatonin content in plants is greatly affected by intrinsic genetic characteristics and external environmental factors. Although melatonin biosynthesis has been extensively studied in model plants, it remains uncharacterized in most plants. This article focuses on current knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation and application of melatonin, particularly for fruit quality and preservation. In addition, it highlights the links between melatonin and other hormones, as well as future research directions.
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25
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Lv Y, Pan J, Wang H, Reiter RJ, Li X, Mou Z, Zhang J, Yao Z, Zhao D, Yu D. Melatonin inhibits seed germination by crosstalk with abscisic acid, gibberellin, and auxin in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12736. [PMID: 33811388 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination, an important developmental stage in the life cycle of seed plants, is regulated by complex signals. Melatonin is a signaling molecule associated with seed germination under stressful conditions, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that a low concentration (10 µM or 100 µM) of melatonin had no effect on seed germination, but when the concentration of melatonin increased to 500 µM or 1000 µM, seed germination was significantly inhibited in Arabidopsis. RNA sequencing analysis showed that melatonin regulated seed germination correlated to phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and auxin. Further investigation revealed that ABA and melatonin synergistically inhibited seed germination, while GA and auxin antagonized the inhibitory effect of seed germination by melatonin. Disruption of the melatonin biosynthesis enzyme gene serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) or N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) promoted seed germination, while overexpression of ASMT inhibited seed germination. Taken together, our study sheds new light on the function and mechanism of melatonin in modulating seed germination in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinjing Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Houping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zongmin Mou
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiemei Zhang
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengping Yao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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26
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:7-19. [PMID: 33098247 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a molecule first discovered in animal tissues, plays an important role in multiple physiological responses as a possible plant master regulator. It mediates responses to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. Melatonin reduces the negative effects associated with stressors, improving the plant response by increasing plant stress tolerance. When plants respond to stress situations, they use up a large amount of plant resources through a set of perfectly synchronized actions. Responses mediated by melatonin use the plant's hormones to, after adequate modulation, counteract and overcome the negative action of the stressor. In this paper, we review melatonin-plant hormone relationships. Factors that trigger the stress response and the central role of melatonin are analysed. An extensive analysis of current studies shows that melatonin modulates the metabolism of plant hormones (biosynthesis and catabolism), the rise or fall in their endogenous levels, the regulation of signalling elements and how melatonin affects the final response of auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonates, brassinosteroids, polyamines and strigolactones. Lastly, a general overview of melatonin's actions and its regulatory role at a global level is provided and proposals for future research are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Murch SJ, Erland LAE. A Systematic Review of Melatonin in Plants: An Example of Evolution of Literature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683047. [PMID: 34249052 PMCID: PMC8270005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a mammalian neurohormone, antioxidant and signaling molecule that was first discovered in plants in 1995. The first studies investigated plant melatonin from a human perspective quantifying melatonin in foods and medicinal plants and questioning whether its presence could explain the activity of some plants as medicines. Starting with these first handful of studies in the late 1990s, plant melatonin research has blossomed into a vibrant and active area of investigation and melatonin has been found to play critical roles in mediating plant responses and development at every stage of the plant life cycle from pollen and embryo development through seed germination, vegetative growth and stress response. Here we have utilized a systematic approach in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocols to reduce bias in our assessment of the literature and provide an overview of the current state of melatonin research in plants, covering 1995-2021. This review provides an overview of the biosynthesis and metabolism of melatonin as well as identifying key themes including: abiotic stress responses, root development, light responses, interkingdom communication, phytohormone and plant signaling. Additionally, potential biases in the literature are investigated and a birefringence in the literature between researchers from plant and medical based which has helped to shape the current state of melatonin research. Several exciting new opportunities for future areas of melatonin research are also identified including investigation of non-crop and non-medicinal species as well as characterization of melatonin signaling networks in plants.
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28
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Sun C, Liu L, Wang L, Li B, Jin C, Lin X. Melatonin: A master regulator of plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:126-145. [PMID: 32678945 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule with multiple functions in plants. Since the discovery of melatonin in plants, numerous studies have provided insight into the biosynthesis, catabolism, and physiological and biochemical functions of this important molecule. Here, we describe the biosynthesis of melatonin from tryptophan, as well as its various degradation pathways in plants. The identification of a putative melatonin receptor in plants has led to the hypothesis that melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating plant growth, aerial organ development, root morphology, and the floral transition. The universal antioxidant activity of melatonin and its role in preserving chlorophyll might explain its anti-senescence capacity in aging leaves. An impressive amount of research has focused on the role of melatonin in modulating postharvest fruit ripening by regulating the expression of ethylene-related genes. Recent evidence also indicated that melatonin functions in the plant's response to biotic stress, cooperating with other phytohormones and well-known molecules such as reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. Finally, great progress has been made towards understanding how melatonin alleviates the effects of various abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, extreme temperature, and heavy metal stress. Given its diverse roles, we propose that melatonin is a master regulator in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luxuan Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Arnao MB, Hernández-Ruiz J. Melatonin in flowering, fruit set and fruit ripening. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2020; 33:77-87. [PMID: 32253624 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin induces a delay in flowering stabilizing DELLA proteins and also promotes the transcription of FLC. In fruit set, melatonin is able to induce parthenocarpy. Melatonin promotes ripening and retards senescence of fruits. Melatonin is an animal hormone involved in many regulatory processes such as those related to sleep. Melatonin was discovered in plants in 1995 and is called phytomelatonin. Also in plants, a great variety of physiological processes have been described in which melatonin plays a role. In plants, melatonin is mainly involved in stress situations but also in germination, plant growth, rhizogenesis, senescence and as a protector agent improving important processes such as photosynthesis, CO2 uptake, cell water economy and primary and secondary metabolism. Melatonin has been related to changes in the majority of plant hormones. Many revisions of stress situations have been published. However, melatonin and plant reproductive development have been poorly studied. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of works related to flowering, fruit set and development, including parthenocarpy and fruit ripening/senescence, and the role played by melatonin in the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - J Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Fu Z, Mui D, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Exenatide inhibits NF-κB and attenuates ER stress in diabetic cardiomyocyte models. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8640-8651. [PMID: 32392536 PMCID: PMC7244034 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exenatide is used to treat patients with type-2 diabetes and it also exerts cardioprotective effects. Here, we tested whether Exenatide attenuates hyperglycemia-related cardiomyocyte damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results demonstrated that hyperglycemia activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, eliciting ER stress. We also observed cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, inflammation, and cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. Exenatide treatment inhibited inflammation, improved cardiomyocyte contractile function, and rescued cardiomyocyte viability. Notably, re-activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway abolished Exenatide's protective effects on hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Exenatide directly reduces hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte damage by inhibiting ER stress and inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Cen H, Wang T, Liu H, Wang H, Tian D, Li X, Cui X, Guan C, Zang H, Li M, Zhang Y. Overexpression of MsASMT1 Promotes Plant Growth and Decreases Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Transgenic Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:489. [PMID: 32411162 PMCID: PMC7199503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays important roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated leguminous forage crop with high biomass yield and rich nutritional value. The effects of exogenous melatonin content regulation on alfalfa stress tolerance have been investigated in recent years. Here, we isolated and introduced the MsASMT1 (N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase) gene into alfalfa, which significantly improved the endogenous melatonin content. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, MsASMT1 overexpression (OE-MsASMT1) plants exhibited a series of phenotypic changes, including vigorous growth, increased plant height, enlarged leaves and robust stems with increased cell sizes, cell numbers and vascular bundles, as well as more branches. We also found that the flavonoid content and lignin composition of syringyl to guaiacyl ratio (S/G) were decreased and the cellulose content was increased in OE-MsASMT1 transgenic alfalfa. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic exploration revealed that a large group of genes in phenylalanine pathway related to flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis were significantly altered, accompanied by significantly reduced concentrations of the glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin and biochanin in OE-MsASMT1 transgenic alfalfa. Our study first uncovers the effects of endogenous melatonin on alfalfa growth and metabolism. This report provides insights into the regulation effects of melatonin on plant growth and phenylalanine metabolism, especially flavonoids and lignin biosynthesis.
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Hu C, Lu K, Liu W. Exendin-4 attenuates inflammation-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis in varicose veins through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:464-470. [PMID: 32338116 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1756326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Inflammation response has been found to be associated with endothelial cell death in the progression of varicose veins. Exendin-4 is able to reduce inflammation and thus attenuate cell apoptosis.Aim: The aim of our study is to explore the influence of Exendin-4 on LPS-treated endothelial cells.Methods: Cells were treated with LPS. Exendin-4 was added into the medium of cells. Western blots, qPCR, and ELISA were used to analyze the role of Exendin-4 in LPS-mediated cell death.Results: We found that LPS treatment caused significantly cell death. Whereas this trend could be attenuated by Exendin-4. After treatment with Exendin-4, inflammation factors upregulation and oxidative stress activation were significantly repressed, an effect that was followed by a drop in the levels of glucose production and lactic acid generation. At the molecular levels, Exendin-4 treatment inhibited the activity of MAPK-JNK signaling pathway in the presence of LPS treatment.Conclusions: LPS causes cell apoptosis through inducing inflammation response, oxidative stress and energy stress. Exendin-4 treatment enhances cell survival, reduces inflammation, and improves energy stress through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Hu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
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Melatonin Application Improves Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020220. [PMID: 32046353 PMCID: PMC7076651 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important and widely cultivated forage grass. The productivity and forage quality of alfalfa are severely affected by salt stress. Melatonin is a bioactive molecule with versatile physiological functions and plays important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Melatonin has been proven efficient in improving alfalfa drought and waterlogging tolerance in recent studies. In our reports, we applied melatonin exogenously to explore the effects of melatonin on alfalfa growth and salt resistance. The results demonstrated that melatonin application promoted alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth, and reduced oxidative damage under salt stress. Further application research found that melatonin alleviated salt injury in alfalfa plants under salt stress. The electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and H2O2 content were significantly reduced, and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were increased with melatonin pretreatment compared to control plants under salt stress with the upregulation of genes related to melatonin and antioxidant enzymes biosynthesis. Melatonin was also involved in reducing Na+ accumulation in alfalfa plants. Our study indicates that melatonin plays a primary role as an antioxidant in scavenging H2O2 and enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes to improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa plants.
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Zhang M, Zhou D, Ouyang Z, Yu M, Jiang Y. Sphingosine kinase 1 promotes cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inducing ER stress and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6605-6614. [PMID: 31985036 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response have been found to be linked to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) has been reported to be a novel endoplasm reticulum regulator. The aim of our study is to figure out the role of SPHK1 in cerebral IR injury and verify whether it has an ability to regulate inflammation and endoplasm reticulum stress. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce cerebral IR injury. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to measure the alterations of cell viability, inflammation response, and endoplasm reticulum stress. The results demonstrated that after exposure to hydrogen peroxide, cell viability was reduced whereas SPHK1 expression was significantly elevated. Knockdown of SPHK1 attenuated hydrogen peroxide-mediated cell death and reversed cell viability. Our data also demonstrated that SPHK1 deletion reduced endoplasm reticulum stress and alleviated inflammation response in hydrogen peroxide-treated cells. In addition, we also found that SHPK1 modulated endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response to through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway has similar results when compared with the cells with SPHK1 deletion. Altogether, our results demonstrated that SPHK1 upregulation, induced by hydrogen peroxide, is responsible for cerebral IR injury through inducing endoplasm reticulum stress and inflammation response in a manner working through the NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding provides new insight into the molecular mechanism to explain the neuron death induced by cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dingzhou Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhu Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mengqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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