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Caputo B, De Marco CM, Pichler V, Bottà G, Bennett KL, Amambua-Ngwa A, Assogba SB, Opondo KO, Clarkson CS, Tennessen JA, Weetman D, Miles A, Della Torre A. Population genomic evidence of a putative 'far-west' African cryptic taxon in the Anopheles gambiae complex. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1115. [PMID: 39256556 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The two main Afrotropical malaria vectors - Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae - are genetically distinct and reproductively isolated across West Africa. However, populations at the western extreme of their range are assigned as "intermediate" between the two species by whole genome sequence (WGS) data, and as hybrid forms by conventional molecular diagnostics. By exploiting WGS data from 1190 specimens collected across west Africa via the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes network, we identified a putative taxon in the far-west (provisionally named Bissau molecular form), which did not arise by admixture but rather may have originated at the same time as the split between An. coluzzii and An. gambiae. Intriguingly, this taxon lacks insecticide resistance mechanisms commonly observed in the two main species. These findings lead to a change of perspective on malaria vector species in the far-west region with potential for epidemiological implications, and a new challenge for genetic-based mosquito control approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo M De Marco
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Bottà
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly L Bennett
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alfred Amambua-Ngwa
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme (DCE), Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG-LSHTM), Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Sessinou B Assogba
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme (DCE), Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG-LSHTM), Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Kevin O Opondo
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme (DCE), Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRCG-LSHTM), Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Chris S Clarkson
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacob A Tennessen
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Weetman
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alistair Miles
- Wellcome Sanger Genomic Surveillance Unit, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.
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McCann RS, Courneya JP, Donnelly M, Laufer MK, Mzilahowa T, Stewart K, Miles A, Takala-Harrison S, O'Connor TD. Variation in spatial population structure in the Anopheles gambiae species complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595955. [PMID: 38853983 PMCID: PMC11160690 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii , and Anopheles arabiensis are three of the most widespread vectors of malaria parasites, with geographical ranges stretching across wide swaths of Africa. Understanding the population structure of these closely related species, including the extent to which populations are connected by gene flow, is essential for understanding how vector control implemented in one location might indirectly affect vector populations in other locations. Here, we assessed the population structure of each species based on whole-genome sequences from the third phase of the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Project. The data set included single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genomes of 2,242 individual mosquitoes sampled from 119 locations across 19 African countries. We found that A. gambiae sampled from several countries in West and Central Africa showed low genetic differentiation from each other according to principal components analysis (PCA) and ADMIXTURE modeling. Using Estimated Effective Migration Surfaces (EEMS), we showed that this low genetic differentiation indicates high effective migration rates for A. gambiae across this region. Outside of this region, we found six groups of sampling locations from Central, East, and Southern Africa for which A. gambiae showed higher genetic differentiation, and lower effective migration rates, between each other and the West/Central Africa group. These results indicate that the barriers to and corridors for migration between populations of A. gambiae differ across the geographical range of this malaria vector species. Using the same methods, we found higher genetic differentiation and lower migration rates between populations of A. coluzzii in West and Central Africa than for A. gambiae in the same region. On the other hand, we found lower genetic differentiation and higher migration rates between populations of A. arabiensis in Tanzania, compared to A. gambiae in the same region. These differences between A. gambiae, A. coluzzii , and A. arabiensis indicate that migration barriers and corridors may vary between species, even for very closely related species. Overall, our results demonstrate that migration rates vary both between and within species of Anopheles mosquitoes, presumably based on species-specific responses to the ecological or environmental conditions that may impede or facilitate migration, and the geographical patterns of these conditions across the landscape. Together with previous findings, this study provides robust evidence that migration rates between populations of malaria vectors depend on the ecological context, which should be considered when planning surveillance of vector populations, monitoring for insecticide resistance, and evaluating interventions.
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Ebhodaghe FI, Sanchez-Vargas I, Isaac C, Foy BD, Hemming-Schroeder E. Sibling species of the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae display divergent preferences for aquatic breeding sites in southern Nigeria. Malar J 2024; 23:60. [PMID: 38413961 PMCID: PMC10900747 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When integrated with insecticide-treated bed nets, larval control of Anopheles mosquitoes could fast-track reductions in the incidence of human malaria. However, larval control interventions may deliver suboptimal outcomes where the preferred breeding places of mosquito vectors are not well known. This study investigated the breeding habitat choices of Anopheles mosquitoes in southern Nigeria. The objective was to identify priority sites for mosquito larval management in selected urban and periurban locations where malaria remains a public health burden. METHODS: Mosquito larvae were collected in urban and periurban water bodies during the wet-dry season interface in Edo, Delta, and Anambra States. Field-collected larvae were identified based on PCR gel-electrophoresis and amplicon sequencing, while the associations between Anopheles larvae and the properties and locations of water bodies were assessed using a range of statistical methods. RESULTS Mosquito breeding sites were either man-made (72.09%) or natural (27.91%) and mostly drainages (48.84%) and puddles (25.58%). Anopheles larvae occurred in drainages, puddles, stream margins, and a concrete well, and were absent in drums, buckets, car tires, and a water-holding iron pan, all of which contained culicine larvae. Wild-caught Anopheles larvae comprised Anopheles coluzzii (80.51%), Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (11.54%), and Anopheles arabiensis (7.95%); a species-specific PCR confirmed the absence of the invasive urban malaria vector Anopheles stephensi among field-collected larvae. Anopheles arabiensis, An. coluzzii, and An. gambiae s.s. displayed preferences for turbid, lowland, and partially sunlit water bodies, respectively. Furthermore, An. arabiensis preferred breeding sites located outside 500 m of households, whereas An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii had increased detection odds in sites within 500 m of households. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were also more likely to be present in natural water bodies; meanwhile, 96.77% of An. arabiensis were in man-made water bodies. Intraspecific genetic variations were little in the dominant vector An. coluzzii, while breeding habitat choices of populations made no statistically significant contributions to these variations. CONCLUSION Sibling malaria vectors in the An. gambiae complex display divergent preferences for aquatic breeding habitats in southern Nigeria. The findings are relevant for planning targeted larval control of An. coluzzii whose increasing evolutionary adaptations to urban ecologies are driving the proliferation of the mosquito, and An. arabiensis whose adults typically evade the effects of treated bed nets due to exophilic tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith I Ebhodaghe
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Irma Sanchez-Vargas
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Clement Isaac
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Brian D Foy
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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Caputo B, Tondossoma N, Virgillito C, Pichler V, Serini P, Calzetta M, Manica M, Coulibaly ZI, Dia I, Akré M, Offianan A, Della Torre A. Is Côte D'Ivoire a new high hybridization zone for the two major malaria vectors, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae (Diptera, Culicidae)? INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105215. [PMID: 35063691 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii are very closely related and recently differentiated species representing the main malaria vectors in the Afrotropical region and responsible of up to >3 infective bites/person/night in Côte D'Ivoire, where prevention and control has stagnated in recent years. The aim of the present study was to genetically and ecologically characterize An. gambiae and An. coluzzii populations from two villages of Côte D'Ivoire, lying in the coastal forest belt and 250 km inland in the Guinean savannah mosaic belt, respectively. Results reveal high frequencies of both species in both study sites and high frequencies of hybrids (4-33%) along the whole year of sampling. Consistently with observations for the well-known high hybridization zone at the far-west of the species range, hybrid frequencies were higher in the coastal village and highest when the two species occurred at more balanced frequencies, supporting the "frequency-dependent hybridization" ecological speciation theory. Pilot genotyping revealed signatures of genomic admixture in both chromosome-X and -3. Coupled with previous reports of hybrids in the region, the results point to the coastal region of Côte D'Ivoire as a possible regions of high hybridization. Preliminary characterization of parameters relevant for malaria transmission and control (e.g. possibly higher sporozoite rates and indoor biting preferences in hybrids than in the parental species) highlight the possible relevance of the breakdown of reproductive barriers between An. gambiae and An. coluzzii not only in the field of ecological evolution, but also in malaria epidemiology and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Naminata Tondossoma
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire; Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire; Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Serini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Calzetta
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center for Health Emergencies, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Ibrahima Dia
- Unité d'entomologie médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, Dakar, BP 220, Senegal
| | - Maurice Akré
- Institut Pierre Richet/Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Andre Offianan
- Unité de Paludologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte D'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Caputo B, Pichler V, Bottà G, De Marco C, Hubbart C, Perugini E, Pinto J, Rockett KA, Miles A, Della Torre A. Novel genotyping approaches to easily detect genomic admixture between the major Afrotropical malaria vector species, Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:1504-1516. [PMID: 33590707 PMCID: PMC8252489 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two most efficient and most recently radiated Afrotropical vectors of human malaria - Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae - are identified by single-locus diagnostic PCR assays based on species-specific markers in a 4 Mb region on chromosome-X centromere. Inherently, these diagnostic assays cannot detect interspecific autosomal admixture shown to be extensive at the westernmost and easternmost extremes of the species range. The main aim of this study was to develop novel, easy-to-implement tools for genotyping An. coluzzii and An. gambiae-specific ancestral informative markers (AIMs) identified from the Anopheles gambiae 1000 genomes (Ag1000G) project. First, we took advantage of this large set of data in order to develop a multilocus approach to genotype 26 AIMs on all chromosome arms valid across the species range. Second, we tested the multilocus assay on samples from Guinea Bissau, The Gambia and Senegal, three countries spanning the westernmost hybridization zone, where conventional species diagnostic is problematic due to the putative presence of a novel "hybrid form". The multilocus assay was able to capture patterns of admixture reflecting those revealed by the whole set of AIMs and provided new original data on interspecific admixture in the region. Third, we developed an easy-to-use, cost-effective PCR approach for genotyping two AIMs on chromosome-3 among those included in the multilocus approach, opening the possibility for advanced identification of species and of admixed specimens during routine large scale entomological surveys, particularly, but not exclusively, at the extremes of the range, where WGS data highlighted unexpected autosomal admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Pichler
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Giordano Bottà
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlo De Marco
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Christina Hubbart
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleonora Perugini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Joao Pinto
- Global Health & Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kirk A Rockett
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Miles
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Nowling RJ, Manke KR, Emrich SJ. Detecting inversions with PCA in the presence of population structure. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240429. [PMID: 33119626 PMCID: PMC7595445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions can lead to reproductive isolation and adaptation in insects such as Drosophila melanogaster and the non-model malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Inversions can be detected and characterized using principal component analysis (PCA) of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To aid in developing such methods, we formed a new benchmark derived from three publicly-available insect data. We then used this benchmark to perform an extended validation of our software for inversion analysis (Asaph). Through that process, we identified and characterized several problematic test cases liable to misinterpretation that can help guide PCA-based inversion detection. Lastly, we re-analyzed the 2R chromosome arm of 150 An. gambiae and coluzzii samples and observed two inversions (2Rc and 2Rd) that were previously known but not annotated in these particular individuals. The resulting benchmark data set and methods will be useful for future inversion detection based solely on SNP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Nowling
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Krystal R. Manke
- Physics and Chemistry, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Scott J. Emrich
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee–Knoxville, Knoxville, TN
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Sharma A, Kinney NA, Timoshevskiy VA, Sharakhova MV, Sharakhov IV. Structural Variation of the X Chromosome Heterochromatin in the Anopheles gambiae Complex. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E327. [PMID: 32204543 PMCID: PMC7140835 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin is identified as a potential factor driving diversification of species. To understand the magnitude of heterochromatin variation within the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria mosquitoes, we analyzed metaphase chromosomes in An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii, An. gambiae, An. merus, and An. quadriannulatus. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA), a highly repetitive fraction of DNA, and heterochromatic Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones, we established the correspondence of pericentric heterochromatin between the metaphase and polytene X chromosomes of An. gambiae. We then developed chromosome idiograms and demonstrated that the X chromosomes exhibit qualitative differences in their pattern of heterochromatic bands and position of satellite DNA (satDNA) repeats among the sibling species with postzygotic isolation, An. arabiensis, An. merus, An. quadriannulatus, and An. coluzzii or An. gambiae. The identified differences in the size and structure of the X chromosome heterochromatin point to a possible role of repetitive DNA in speciation of mosquitoes. We found that An. coluzzii and An. gambiae, incipient species with prezygotic isolation, share variations in the relative positions of the satDNA repeats and the proximal heterochromatin band on the X chromosomes. This previously unknown genetic polymorphism in malaria mosquitoes may be caused by a differential amplification of DNA repeats or an inversion in the sex chromosome heterochromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atashi Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.S.); (V.A.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Nicholas A. Kinney
- Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Vladimir A. Timoshevskiy
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.S.); (V.A.T.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Maria V. Sharakhova
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.S.); (V.A.T.); (M.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecology, Genetics and Environmental Protection, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Igor V. Sharakhov
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (A.S.); (V.A.T.); (M.V.S.)
- Genomics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genomics of Insects, the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Cytology and Genetics, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Minimal genetic differentiation of the malaria vector Nyssorhynchus darlingi associated with forest cover level in Amazonian Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225005. [PMID: 31725789 PMCID: PMC6855485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between deforestation and malaria in Amazonian Brazil is complex, and a deeper understanding of this relationship is required to inform effective control measures in this region. Here, we are particularly interested in characterizing the impact of land use and land cover change on the genetics of the major regional vector of malaria, Nyssorhynchus darlingi (Root). We used nextera-tagmented, Reductively Amplified DNA (nextRAD) genotyping-by-sequencing to genotype 164 Ny. darlingi collected from 16 collection sites with divergent forest cover levels in seven municipalities in four municipality groups that span the state of Amazonas in northwestern Amazonian Brazil: São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Presidente Figueiredo, four municipalities in the area around Cruzeiro do Sul, and Lábrea. Using a dataset of 5,561 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), we investigated the genetic structure of these Ny. darlingi populations with a combination of model- and non-model-based analyses. We identified weak to moderate genetic differentiation among the four municipality groups. There was no evidence for microgeographic genetic structure of Ny. darlingi among forest cover levels within the municipality groups, indicating that there may be gene flow across areas of these municipalities with different degrees of deforestation. Additionally, we conducted an environmental association analysis using two outlier detection methods to determine whether individual SNPs were associated with forest cover level without affecting overall population genetic structure. We identified 14 outlier SNPs, and investigated functions associated with their proximal genes, which could be further characterized in future studies.
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Love RR, Redmond SN, Pombi M, Caputo B, Petrarca V, Della Torre A, Besansky NJ. In Silico Karyotyping of Chromosomally Polymorphic Malaria Mosquitoes in the Anopheles gambiae Complex. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:3249-3262. [PMID: 31391198 PMCID: PMC6778791 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms play an important role in adaptation to environmental heterogeneities. For mosquito species in the Anopheles gambiae complex that are significant vectors of human malaria, paracentric inversion polymorphisms are abundant and are associated with ecologically and epidemiologically important phenotypes. Improved understanding of these traits relies on determining mosquito karyotype, which currently depends upon laborious cytogenetic methods whose application is limited both by the requirement for specialized expertise and for properly preserved adult females at specific gonotrophic stages. To overcome this limitation, we developed sets of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside inversions whose biallelic genotype is strongly correlated with inversion genotype. We leveraged 1,347 fully sequenced An. gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii genomes in the Ag1000G database of natural variation. Beginning with principal components analysis (PCA) of population samples, applied to windows of the genome containing individual chromosomal rearrangements, we classified samples into three inversion genotypes, distinguishing homozygous inverted and homozygous uninverted groups by inclusion of the small subset of specimens in Ag1000G that are associated with cytogenetic metadata. We then assessed the correlation between candidate tag SNP genotypes and PCA-based inversion genotypes in our training sets, selecting those candidates with >80% agreement. Our initial tests both in held-back validation samples from Ag1000G and in data independent of Ag1000G suggest that when used for in silico inversion genotyping of sequenced mosquitoes, these tags perform better than traditional cytogenetics, even for specimens where only a small subset of the tag SNPs can be successfully ascertained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rebecca Love
- Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Seth N Redmond
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrarca
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Università di Roma "La Sapienza," Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nora J Besansky
- Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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10
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Duffy CW, Amambua-Ngwa A, Ahouidi AD, Diakite M, Awandare GA, Ba H, Tarr SJ, Murray L, Stewart LB, D'Alessandro U, Otto TD, Kwiatkowski DP, Conway DJ. Multi-population genomic analysis of malaria parasites indicates local selection and differentiation at the gdv1 locus regulating sexual development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15763. [PMID: 30361631 PMCID: PMC6202401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites infect hosts in widely varying environments, encountering diverse challenges for adaptation. To identify malaria parasite genes under locally divergent selection across a large endemic region with a wide spectrum of transmission intensity, genome sequences were obtained from 284 clinical Plasmodium falciparum infections from four newly sampled locations in Senegal, The Gambia, Mali and Guinea. Combining these with previous data from seven other sites in West Africa enabled a multi-population analysis to identify discrete loci under varying local selection. A genome-wide scan showed the most exceptional geographical divergence to be at the early gametocyte gene locus gdv1 which is essential for parasite sexual development and transmission. We identified a major structural dimorphism with alternative 1.5 kb and 1.0 kb sequence deletions at different positions of the 3'-intergenic region, in tight linkage disequilibrium with the most highly differentiated single nucleotide polymorphism, one of the alleles being very frequent in Senegal and The Gambia but rare in the other locations. Long non-coding RNA transcripts were previously shown to include the entire antisense of the gdv1 coding sequence and the portion of the intergenic region with allelic deletions, suggesting adaptive regulation of parasite sexual development and transmission in response to local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Duffy
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mahamadou Diakite
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP) and Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Hampate Ba
- Institut National de Recherches en Santé Publique (INRSP), Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Sarah J Tarr
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Lee Murray
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Lindsay B Stewart
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- MRC Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
- Disease Control Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Otto
- Malaria Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David J Conway
- Pathogen Molecular Biology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK.
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11
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Camak DT, Piller KR. Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-17-623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Altamiranda-Saavedra M, Conn JE, Correa MM. Genetic structure and phenotypic variation of Anopheles darlingi in northwest Colombia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 56:143-151. [PMID: 29138079 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the influence of environmental heterogeneity on Anopheles darlingi genetic and morphometric traits at a microgeographic level. Specimens of An. darlingi collected from multiple municipalities in the Colombian malaria endemic region Urabá-Bajo Cauca and Alto Sinú (UCS) were analyzed using 13 microsatellite loci. Spatial genetic structure, population variation and wing geometric morphometric analyses were performed. Microsatellite results showed low genetic differentiation and high gene flow among populations; four highly admixed subpopulations were detected with no particular association to the municipalities. Wing geometric morphometrics analysis showed a subtle but significant difference in wing shape for El Bagre vs. Mutatá populations, possibly influenced by geographical distance. Discrimination among populations in the morphospace showed a slight separation of the Tierralta population. There was no significant correlation between the genetic and geographic or genetic and environmental distances. We hypothesize that environmental heterogeneity in the UCS region does not reach a threshold to affect population structure of An. darlingi. Another possibility is that microsatellites are not sensitive enough to detect existing structure. It remains to be determined which local factors govern phenotypic variation among these populations and how, or whether these may affect mosquito biology and transmission capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Altamiranda-Saavedra
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jan E Conn
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Margarita M Correa
- Grupo de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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13
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Pombi M, Kengne P, Gimonneau G, Tene-Fossog B, Ayala D, Kamdem C, Santolamazza F, Guelbeogo WM, Sagnon N, Petrarca V, Fontenille D, Besansky NJ, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Dabiré RK, Della Torre A, Simard F, Costantini C. Dissecting functional components of reproductive isolation among closely related sympatric species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Evol Appl 2017; 10:1102-1120. [PMID: 29151864 PMCID: PMC5680640 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining how and why reproductive isolation evolves and determining which forms of reproductive isolation have the largest impact on the process of population divergence are major goals in the study of speciation. By studying recent adaptive radiations in incompletely isolated taxa, it is possible to identify barriers involved at early divergence before other confounding barriers emerge after speciation is complete. Sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae complex offer opportunities to provide insights into speciation mechanisms. Here, we studied patterns of reproductive isolation among three taxa, Anopheles coluzzii, An. gambiae s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis, to compare its strength at different spatial scales, to dissect the relative contribution of pre‐ versus postmating isolation, and to infer the involvement of ecological divergence on hybridization. Because F1 hybrids are viable, fertile and not uncommon, understanding the dynamics of hybridization in this trio of major malaria vectors has important implications for how adaptations arise and spread across the group, and in planning studies of the safety and efficacy of gene drive as a means of malaria control. We first performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published surveys reporting on hybrid prevalence, showing strong reproductive isolation at a continental scale despite geographically restricted exceptions. Second, we exploited our own extensive field data sets collected at a regional scale in two contrasting environmental settings, to assess: (i) levels of premating isolation; (ii) spatio/temporal and frequency‐dependent dynamics of hybridization, (iii) relationship between reproductive isolation and ecological divergence and (iv) hybrid viability penalty. Results are in accordance with ecological speciation theory predicting a positive association between the strength of reproductive isolation and degree of ecological divergence, and indicate that postmating isolation does contribute to reproductive isolation among these species. Specifically, only postmating isolation was positively associated with ecological divergence, whereas premating isolation was correlated with phylogenetic distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pombi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Pierre Kengne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon
| | | | - Billy Tene-Fossog
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - Diego Ayala
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville Franceville Gabon
| | - Colince Kamdem
- Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA USA
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | | | - N'Falé Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso
| | - Vincenzo Petrarca
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Didier Fontenille
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Institut Pasteur du Cambodge Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Nora J Besansky
- Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | | | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie InfettiveUniversità di Roma "Sapienza"RomeItaly.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti Rome Italy
| | - Frédéric Simard
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
| | - Carlo Costantini
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) UMR MIVEGEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS 5290 IRD 224) Centre IRD de Montpellier Montpellier France.,Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endemies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé Cameroon.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso
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14
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Sougoufara S, Sokhna C, Diagne N, Doucouré S, Sembène PMB, Harry M. The implementation of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets has differential effects on the genetic structure of the African malaria vectors in the Anopheles gambiae complex in Dielmo, Senegal. Malar J 2017; 16:337. [PMID: 28810861 PMCID: PMC5558778 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex are the main vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Among these, An. gambiae, Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles arabiensis are the most efficient vectors and are largely distributed in sympatric locations. However, these species present ecological and behavioural differences that impact their vectorial capacity and complicate vector-control efforts, mainly based on long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). In this study, the genetic structure of these three species in a Senegalese village (Dielmo) was investigated using microsatellite data in samples collected in 2006 before implementation of LLINs, in 2008, when they were introduced, and in 2010, 2 years after the use of LLINs. RESULTS In this study 611 individuals were included, namely 136 An. coluzzii, 101 An. gambiae, 6 An. coluzzii/An. gambiae hybrids and 368 An. arabiensis. According to the species, the effect of the implementation of LLINs in Dielmo is differentiated. Populations of the sister species An. coluzzii and An. gambiae regularly experienced bottleneck events, but without significant inbreeding. The Fst values suggested in 2006 a breakdown of assortative mating resulting in hybrids, but the introduction of LLINs was followed by a decrease in the number of hybrids. This suggests a decrease in mating success of hybrids, ecological maladaptation, or a lesser probability of mating between species due to a decrease in An. coluzzii population size. By contrast, the introduction of LLINs has favoured the sibling species An. arabiensis. In this study, some spatial and temporal structuration between An. arabiensis populations were detected, especially in 2008, and the higher genetic diversity observed could result from a diversifying selection. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the complexity of the malaria context and shows the need to study the genetic structure of Anopheles populations to evaluate the effectiveness of vector-control tools and successful management of malaria vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seynabou Sougoufara
- URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France. .,Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Souleymane Doucouré
- URMITE (Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes), UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pape MBacké Sembène
- Département de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques/Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Myriam Harry
- UMR EGCE (Évolution, Génomes, Comportement, Écologie) CNRS, IRD-Université Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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15
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Kamdem C, Fouet C, Gamez S, White BJ. Pollutants and Insecticides Drive Local Adaptation in African Malaria Mosquitoes. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1261-1275. [PMID: 28204524 PMCID: PMC5400387 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anopheles gambiae complex contains a number of highly anthropophilic mosquito species that have acquired exceptional ability to thrive in complex human habitats. Thus, examining the evolutionary history of this Afrotropical mosquito may yield vital information on the selective processes that occurred during the adaptation to human-dominated environments. We performed reduced representation sequencing on 941 mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected across four ecogeographic zones in Cameroon. We find evidence for genetic and geographic subdivision within An. coluzzii and An. gambiae sensu stricto-the two most significant malaria vectors in the region. Importantly, in both species, rural and urban populations are genetically differentiated. Genome scans reveal pervasive signatures of selection centered on genes involved in xenobiotic resistance. Notably, a selective sweep containing detoxification enzymes is prominent in urban mosquitoes that exploit polluted breeding sites. Overall, our study suggests that recent anthropogenic environmental modifications and widespread use of insecticides are driving population differentiation and local adaptation in vectors with potentially significant consequences for malaria epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colince Kamdem
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Caroline Fouet
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Stephanie Gamez
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Bradley J. White
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
- Center for Disease Vector Research, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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16
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Vicente JL, Clarkson CS, Caputo B, Gomes B, Pombi M, Sousa CA, Antao T, Dinis J, Bottà G, Mancini E, Petrarca V, Mead D, Drury E, Stalker J, Miles A, Kwiatkowski DP, Donnelly MJ, Rodrigues A, Torre AD, Weetman D, Pinto J. Massive introgression drives species radiation at the range limit of Anopheles gambiae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46451. [PMID: 28417969 PMCID: PMC5394460 DOI: 10.1038/srep46451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impacts of introgressive hybridisation may range from genomic erosion and species collapse to rapid adaptation and speciation but opportunities to study these dynamics are rare. We investigated the extent, causes and consequences of a hybrid zone between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae in Guinea-Bissau, where high hybridisation rates appear to be stable at least since the 1990s. Anopheles gambiae was genetically partitioned into inland and coastal subpopulations, separated by a central region dominated by A. coluzzii. Surprisingly, whole genome sequencing revealed that the coastal region harbours a hybrid form characterised by an A. gambiae-like sex chromosome and massive introgression of A. coluzzii autosomal alleles. Local selection on chromosomal inversions may play a role in this process, suggesting potential for spatiotemporal stability of the coastal hybrid form and providing resilience against introgression of medically-important loci and traits, found to be more prevalent in inland A. gambiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Vicente
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christopher S Clarkson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Beniamino Caputo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Pombi
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Carla A Sousa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Antao
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - João Dinis
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde Pública, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| | - Giordano Bottà
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Mancini
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Petrarca
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy.,Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Mead
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | - Alistair Miles
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dominic P Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Genomics and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J Donnelly
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amabélia Rodrigues
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Pública, Ministério da Saúde Pública, Bissau, Guiné-Bissau
| | - Alessandra Della Torre
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - João Pinto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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17
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Lainhart W, Bickersmith SA, Nadler KJ, Moreno M, Saavedra MP, Chu VM, Ribolla PE, Vinetz JM, Conn JE. Evidence for temporal population replacement and the signature of ecological adaptation in a major Neotropical malaria vector in Amazonian Peru. Malar J 2015; 14:375. [PMID: 26415942 PMCID: PMC4587789 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major Neotropical malaria vector, Anopheles darlingi, was reintroduced into the Iquitos, Loreto, Peru area during the early 1990s, where it displaced other anophelines and caused a major malaria epidemic. Since then, case numbers in Loreto have fluctuated, but annual increases have been reported since 2012. METHODS The population genetic structure of An. darlingi sampled before and after the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) was investigated to test the hypothesis of temporal population change (2006 vs. 2012). Current samples of An. darlingi were used to test the hypothesis of ecological adaptation to human modified (highway) compared with wild (riverine) habitat, linked to forest cover. In total, 693 An. darlingi from nine localities in Loreto, Peru area were genotyped using 13 microsatellite loci. To test the hypothesis of habitat differentiation in An. darlingi biting time patterns, HBR and EIR, four collections of An. darlingi from five localities (two riverine and three highway) were analysed. RESULTS Analyses of microsatellite loci from seven (2006) and nine settlements (2012-2014) in the Iquitos area detected two distinctive populations with little overlap, although it is unclear whether this population replacement event is associated with LLIN distribution or climate. Within the 2012-2014 population two admixed subpopulations, A and B, were differentiated by habitat, with B significantly overrepresented in highway, and both in near-equal proportions in riverine. Both subpopulations had a signature of expansion and there was moderate genetic differentiation between them. Habitat and forest cover level had significant effects on HBR, such that Plasmodium transmission risk, as measured by EIR, in peridomestic riverine settlements was threefold higher than in peridomestic highway settlements. HBR was directly associated with available host biomass rather than forest cover. CONCLUSIONS A population replacement event occurred between 2006 and 2012-2014, concurrently with LLIN distribution and a moderate El Niño event, and prior to an increase in malaria incidence. The likely drivers of this replacement cannot be determined with current data. The present-day An. darlingi population is composed of two highly admixed subpopulations, which appear to be in an early stage of differentiation, triggered by anthropogenic alterations to local habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lainhart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5669 State Farm Road, Building 1, Room 101, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
| | - Sara A Bickersmith
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5669 State Farm Road, Building 1, Room 101, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
| | - Kyle J Nadler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Marta Moreno
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | - Virginia M Chu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5669 State Farm Road, Building 1, Room 101, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
| | | | - Joseph M Vinetz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Instituto de Medicine Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Jan E Conn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA.
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Griffin Laboratory, 5669 State Farm Road, Building 1, Room 101, Slingerlands, NY, 12159, USA.
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18
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Adaptive Potential of Hybridization among Malaria Vectors: Introgression at the Immune Locus TEP1 between Anopheles coluzzii and A. gambiae in 'Far-West' Africa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127804. [PMID: 26047479 PMCID: PMC4457524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
“Far-West” Africa is known to be a secondary contact zone between the two major malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and A. gambiae. We investigated gene-flow and potentially adaptive introgression between these species along a west-to-east transect in Guinea Bissau, the putative core of this hybrid zone. To evaluate the extent and direction of gene flow, we genotyped site 702 in Intron-1 of the para Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel gene, a species-diagnostic nucleotide position throughout most of A. coluzzii and A. gambiae sympatric range. We also analyzed polymorphism in the thioester-binding domain (TED) of the innate immunity-linked thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) to investigate whether elevated hybridization might facilitate the exchange of variants linked to adaptive immunity and Plasmodium refractoriness. Our results confirm asymmetric introgression of genetic material from A. coluzzii to A. gambiae and disruption of linkage between the centromeric "genomic islands" of inter-specific divergence. We report that A. gambiae from the Guinean hybrid zone possesses an introgressed TEP1 resistant allelic class, found exclusively in A. coluzzii elsewhere and apparently swept to fixation in West Africa (i.e. Mali and Burkina Faso). However, no detectable fixation of this allele was found in Guinea Bissau, which may suggest that ecological pressures driving segregation between the two species in larval habitats in this region may be different from those experienced in northern and more arid parts of the species’ range. Finally, our results also suggest a genetic subdivision between coastal and inland A. gambiae Guinean populations and provide clues on the importance of ecological factors in intra-specific differentiation processes.
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Tene Fossog B, Ayala D, Acevedo P, Kengne P, Ngomo Abeso Mebuy I, Makanga B, Magnus J, Awono-Ambene P, Njiokou F, Pombi M, Antonio-Nkondjio C, Paupy C, Besansky NJ, Costantini C. Habitat segregation and ecological character displacement in cryptic African malaria mosquitoes. Evol Appl 2015; 8:326-45. [PMID: 25926878 PMCID: PMC4408144 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how divergent selection generates adaptive phenotypic and population diversification provides a mechanistic explanation of speciation in recently separated species pairs. Towards this goal, we sought ecological gradients of divergence between the cryptic malaria vectors Anopheles coluzzii and An. gambiae and then looked for a physiological trait that may underlie such divergence. Using a large set of occurrence records and eco-geographic information, we built a distribution model to predict the predominance of the two species across their range of sympatry. Our model predicts two novel gradients along which the species segregate: distance from the coastline and altitude. Anopheles coluzzii showed a ‘bimodal’ distribution, predominating in xeric West African savannas and along the western coastal fringe of Africa. To test whether differences in salinity tolerance underlie this habitat segregation, we assessed the acute dose–mortality response to salinity of thirty-two larval populations from Central Africa. In agreement with its coastal predominance, Anopheles coluzzii was overall more tolerant than An. gambiae. Salinity tolerance of both species, however, converged in urban localities, presumably reflecting an adaptive response to osmotic stress from anthropogenic pollutants. When comparing degree of tolerance in conjunction with levels of syntopy, we found evidence of character displacement in this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Tene Fossog
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé, Cameroon ; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Diego Ayala
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA ; Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville, Gabon
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), CSIC-UCLM-JCCM Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pierre Kengne
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Boris Makanga
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville, Gabon ; Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale (IRET) Libreville, Gabon
| | - Julie Magnus
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville, Gabon
| | - Parfait Awono-Ambene
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Flobert Njiokou
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Marco Pombi
- Sezione di Parassitologia, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma 'La Sapienza' Rome, Italy
| | - Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio
- Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Christophe Paupy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) Franceville, Gabon
| | - Nora J Besansky
- Eck Institute for Global Health & Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Carlo Costantini
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MIVEGEC (UM1, UM2, CNRS 5290, IRD 224) Montpellier, France ; Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC) Yaoundé, Cameroon
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