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Liu QQ, Wu GH, Wang XC, Xiong XW, Rui-Wang, Yao BL. The role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated cognitive impairment. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1424561. [PMID: 38962803 PMCID: PMC11220205 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1424561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (COI) is a prevalent complication across a spectrum of brain disorders, underpinned by intricate mechanisms yet to be fully elucidated. Neurons, the principal cell population of the nervous system, orchestrate cognitive processes and govern cognitive balance. Extensive inquiry has spotlighted the involvement of Foxo3a in COI. The regulatory cascade of Foxo3a transactivation implicates multiple downstream signaling pathways encompassing mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, collectively affecting neuronal activity. Notably, the expression and activity profile of neuronal Foxo3a are subject to modulation via various modalities, including methylation of promoter, phosphorylation and acetylation of protein. Furthermore, upstream pathways such as PI3K/AKT, the SIRT family, and diverse micro-RNAs intricately interface with Foxo3a, engendering alterations in neuronal function. Through several downstream routes, Foxo3a regulates neuronal dynamics, thereby modulating the onset or amelioration of COI in Alzheimer's disease, stroke, ischemic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Foxo3a is a potential therapeutic cognitive target, and clinical drugs or multiple small molecules have been preliminarily shown to have cognitive-enhancing effects that indirectly affect Foxo3a. Particularly noteworthy are multiple randomized, controlled, placebo clinical trials illustrating the significant cognitive enhancement achievable through autophagy modulation. Here, we discussed the role of Foxo3a in neuron-mediated COI and common cognitively impaired diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Le Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People’s Hospital, Ganzhou, China
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2
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Ramos-Campoy O, Comas-Albertí A, Hervás D, Borrego-Écija S, Bosch B, Sandoval J, Fort-Aznar L, Moreno-Izco F, Fernández-Villullas G, Molina-Porcel L, Balasa M, Lladó A, Sánchez-Valle R, Antonell A. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Early-Onset-Dementia Patients Brain Tissue and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5445. [PMID: 38791483 PMCID: PMC11121630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, a potential underlying pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases, has been in the scope of several studies performed so far. However, there is a gap in regard to analyzing different forms of early-onset dementia and the use of Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on sixty-four samples (from the prefrontal cortex and LCLs) including those taken from patients with early-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and healthy controls. A beta regression model and adjusted p-values were used to obtain differentially methylated positions (DMPs) via pairwise comparisons. A correlation analysis of DMP levels with Clariom D array gene expression data from the same cohort was also performed. The results showed hypermethylation as the most frequent finding in both tissues studied in the patient groups. Biological significance analysis revealed common pathways altered in AD and FTD patients, affecting neuron development, metabolism, signal transduction, and immune system pathways. These alterations were also found in LCL samples, suggesting the epigenetic changes might not be limited to the central nervous system. In the brain, CpG methylation presented an inverse correlation with gene expression, while in LCLs, we observed mainly a positive correlation. This study enhances our understanding of the biological pathways that are associated with neurodegeneration, describes differential methylation patterns, and suggests LCLs are a potential cell model for studying neurodegenerative diseases in earlier clinical phases than brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Ramos-Campoy
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Comas-Albertí
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Borrego-Écija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigenomics Core Facility, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Fort-Aznar
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermín Moreno-Izco
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biogipuzkoa, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Fernández-Villullas
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobank-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, FRCB-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Xu Z, Hu J, Wei Z, Lei Y, Afewerky HK, Gao Y, Wan L, Li L, Lei L, Liu Y, Huang F, Yu T, Wang J, Li H, Liu R, Wang X. Dynamic changes in lysosome-related pathways in APP/PS1 mice with aging. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e540. [PMID: 38606360 PMCID: PMC11006716 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Senile plaque, composed of amyloid β protein (Aβ) aggregates, is a critical pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to cognitive dysfunction. However, how Aβ aggregates exert age-dependent toxicity and temporal cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated AD pathogenesis and dynamic alterations in lysosomal pathways within the hippocampus of age-gradient male mice using transcriptome sequencing, molecular biology assays, and histopathological analyses. We observed high levels of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein expression in the hippocampus at an early stage and age-dependent Aβ deposition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the enrichment of differential genes related to the lysosome pathway. Furthermore, the protein expression of ATP6V0d2 and CTSD associated with lysosomal functions exhibited dynamic changes with age, increasing in the early stage and decreasing later. Similar age-dependent patterns were observed for the endosome function, autophagy pathway, and SGK1/FOXO3a pathway. Nissl and Golgi staining in the hippocampal region showed age-dependent neuronal loss and synaptic damage, respectively. These findings clearly define the age-gradient changes in the autophagy-lysosome system, the endosome/lysosome system, and the SGK1/FOXO3a pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, providing new perspectives and clues for understanding the possible mechanisms of AD, especially the transition from compensatory to decompensated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Xu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jichang Hu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Henok Kessete Afewerky
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lu Wan
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ling Lei
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Hong‐Lian Li
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Education Ministry/Hubei Province of China for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
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4
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Zhang Q, Tian Y, Fu Z, Wu S, Lan H, Zhou X, Shen W, Lou Y. The role of serum-glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 in reproductive viability: implications from prenatal programming and senescence. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:376. [PMID: 38427115 PMCID: PMC10907440 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organisms and cellular viability are of paramount importance to living creatures. Disruption of the balance between cell survival and apoptosis results in compromised viability and even carcinogenesis. One molecule involved in keeping this homeostasis is serum-glucocorticoid regulated kinase (SGK) 1. Emerging evidence points to a significant role of SGK1 in cell growth and survival, cell metabolism, reproduction, and life span, particularly in prenatal programming and reproductive senescence by the same token. Whether the hormone inducible SGK1 kinase is a major driver in the pathophysiological processes of prenatal programming and reproductive senescence? METHOD The PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase/Ovid, and Elsevier Science Direct literature databases were searched for articles in English focusing on SGK1 published up to July 2023 RESULT: Emerging evidence is accumulating pointing to a pathophysiological role of the ubiquitously expressed SGK1 in the cellular and organismal viability. Under the regulation of specific hormones, extracellular stimuli, and various signals, SGK1 is involved in several biological processes relevant to viability, including cell proliferation and survival, cell migration and differentiation. In line, SGK1 contributes to the development of germ cells, embryos, and fetuses, whereas SGK1 inhibition leads to abnormal gametogenesis, embryo loss, and truncated reproductive lifespan. CONCLUTION SGK1 integrates a broad spectrum of effects to maintain the homeostasis of cell survival and apoptosis, conferring viability to multiple cell types as well as both simple and complex organisms, and thus ensuring appropriate prenatal development and reproductive lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujing Fu
- Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua, 321001, China
| | - Shuangyu Wu
- Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huizhen Lan
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanle Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wendi Shen
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Tiyuchang Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Gulzar M, Noor S, Hasan GM, Hassan MI. The role of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in cellular signaling: Implications for drug development. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128725. [PMID: 38092114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the Ser/Thr kinase family. It regulates diverse physiological processes, including epithelial sodium channel activity, hypertension, cell proliferation, and insulin sensitivity. Due to its significant role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, SGK1 can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to address challenging health problems. SGK1 is associated with the development of obesity, and its overexpression enhances the sodium-glucose co-transporter 1 activity, which absorbs intestinal glucose. This review highlighted the detailed functional significance of SGK1 signaling and role in different diseases and subsequent therapeutic targeting. We aim to provide deeper mechanistic insights into understanding the pathogenesis and recent advancements in the SGK1 targeted drug development process. Small-molecule inhibitors are being developed with excellent binding affinity and improved SGK1 inhibition with desired selectivity. We have discussed small molecule inhibitors designed explicitly as potent SGK1 inhibitors and their therapeutic implications in various diseases. We further addressed the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of these SGK1 inhibitors and provided a strong scientific foundation for developing effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Gulzar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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6
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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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Shapira G, Israel-Elgali I, Grad M, Avnat E, Rachmany L, Sarne Y, Shomron N. Hippocampal differential expression underlying the neuroprotective effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol microdose on old mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182932. [PMID: 37534036 PMCID: PMC10393280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound of the cannabis plant and an exogenous ligand of the endocannabinoid system. In previous studies, we demonstrated that a single microdose of THC (0.002 mg/kg, 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the standard dose for rodents) exerts distinct, long-term neuroprotection in model mice subjected to acute neurological insults. When administered to old, healthy mice, the THC microdose induced remarkable long-lasting (weeks) improvement in a wide range of cognitive functions, including significant morphological and biochemical brain alterations. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects, we analyzed the gene expression of hippocampal samples from the model mice. Samples taken 5 days after THC treatment showed significant differential expression of genes associated with neurogenesis and brain development. In samples taken 5 weeks after treatment, the transcriptional signature was shifted to that of neuronal differentiation and survival. This study demonstrated the use of hippocampal transcriptome profiling in uncovering the molecular basis of the atypical, anti-aging effects of THC microdose treatment in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Shapira
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Israel-Elgali
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meitar Grad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eden Avnat
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Rachmany
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Sarne
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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González-Herrera F, Catalán M, Anfossi R, Maya JD, Pedrozo Z, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. SGK1 is necessary to FoxO3a negative regulation, oxidative stress and cardiac fibroblast activation induced by TGF-β1. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110778. [PMID: 37343898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) activation is a common response to most pathological conditions affecting the heart, characterized by increased cellular secretory capacity and increased expression of fibrotic markers, such as collagen I and smooth muscle actin type alpha (α-SMA). Fibrotic activation of CFs induces the increase in tissue protein content, with the consequent tissue stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. Therefore, the search for new mechanisms of CFs activation is important to find novel treatments for cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis. In this regard, TGF-β1, a cytokine with proinflammatory and fibrotic properties, is crucial in the CFs activation and the development of fibrotic diseases, whereas its molecular targets are not completely known. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1) is a protein involved in various pathophysiological phenomena, especially cardiac and renal diseases that curse with fibrosis. Additionally, SGK1 phosphorylates and regulates the activity and expression of several targets, highlighting FoxO3a for its role in the regulation of oxidative stress and CFs activation induced by TGF-β1. However, the regulation of SGK1 by TGF-β1 and its role in CFs activation have not been studied. In this work, we evaluate the role of SGK1 in CFs isolated from neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. The participation of SGK1 in the fibrotic activation of CFs induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed, using an inhibitor or siRNA of SGK1. In addition, the role of SGK1 on the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1 was analyzed. Our results indicate that TGF-β1 increased both the activity and expression of SGK1 in CFs, requiring the activation of MAPKs, ERK1/2, p38 and JNK, while inhibition and silencing of SGK1 prevented TGF-β1-induced fibrotic activation of CFs. In addition, SGK1 inhibition prevented FoxO3a inactivation and expression reduction, catalase and SOD2 expression decrease, and the increase of oxidative stress induced by TGF-β1. Taken together, our results position SGK1 as an important regulator of CFs activation driven by TGF-β1, at least in part, through the regulation of FoxO3a and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola González-Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- Physiology and Biophysical Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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9
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Belonwu SA, Li Y, Bunis D, Rao AA, Solsberg CW, Tang A, Fragiadakis GK, Dubal DB, Oskotsky T, Sirota M. Sex-Stratified Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Sex-Specific and Cell Type-Specific Transcriptional Responses in Alzheimer's Disease Across Two Brain Regions. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:276-293. [PMID: 34669146 PMCID: PMC8786804 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a pervasive neurodegenerative disorder that disproportionately affects women. Since neural anatomy and disease pathophysiology differ by sex, investigating sex-specific mechanisms in AD pathophysiology can inform new therapeutic approaches for both sexes. Previous bulk human brain RNA sequencing studies have revealed sex differences in dysregulated molecular pathways related to energy production, neuronal function, and immune response; however, the sex differences in disease mechanisms are yet to be examined comprehensively on a single-cell level. We leveraged nearly 74,000 cells from human prefrontal and entorhinal cortex samples from the first two publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing AD datasets to perform a case versus control sex-stratified differential gene expression analysis and pathway network enrichment in a cell type-specific manner for each brain region. Our examination at the single-cell level revealed sex differences in AD prominently in glial cells of the prefrontal cortex. In the entorhinal cortex, we observed the same genes and networks to be perturbed in opposing directions between sexes in AD relative to healthy state. Our findings contribute to growing evidence of sex differences in AD-related transcriptomic changes, which can fuel the development of therapies that may prove more effective at reversing AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Belonwu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yaqiao Li
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Bunis
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Warly Solsberg
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Bakar ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) belonging to the AGC protein kinase family phosphorylates serine and threonine residues of target proteins. It regulates numerous ion channels and transporters and promotes survival under cellular stress. Unique to SGK1 is a tight control at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. SGK1 regulates multiple signal transduction pathways related to tumor development. Several studies have reported that SGK1 is upregulated in different types of human malignancies and induces resistance against inhibitors, drugs, and targeted therapies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This review highlights the cellular functions of SGK1, its crucial role in cancer development, and clinical insights for SGK1 targeted therapies. Furthermore, the role of SGK1-mediated autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for cancer has been discussed.
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11
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Elahi M, Motoi Y, Shimonaka S, Ishida Y, Hioki H, Takanashi M, Ishiguro K, Imai Y, Hattori N. High-fat diet-induced activation of SGK1 promotes Alzheimer's disease-associated tau pathology. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1693-1710. [PMID: 33890983 PMCID: PMC8411983 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has long been considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the molecular links between T2DM and AD remain obscure. Here, we reported that serum-/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is activated by administering a chronic high-fat diet (HFD), which increases the risk of T2DM, and thus promotes Tau pathology via the phosphorylation of tau at Ser214 and the activation of a key tau kinase, namely, GSK-3ß, forming SGK1-GSK-3ß-tau complex. SGK1 was activated under conditions of elevated glucocorticoid and hyperglycemia associated with HFD, but not of fatty acid–mediated insulin resistance. Elevated expression of SGK1 in the mouse hippocampus led to neurodegeneration and impairments in learning and memory. Upregulation and activation of SGK1, SGK1-GSK-3ß-tau complex were also observed in the hippocampi of AD cases. Our results suggest that SGK1 is a key modifier of tau pathology in AD, linking AD to corticosteroid effects and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montasir Elahi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Motoi
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Shimonaka
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ishida
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hioki
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ishiguro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81 368018332; Fax: +81 358000547;
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Dementia, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Gao Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Chu X, Yan B, Li J, Liu C. Vincristine leads to colonic myenteric neurons injury via pro-inflammatory macrophages activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114479. [PMID: 33617842 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Vincristine is widely used in treatment of various malignant tumors. The clinical application of vincristine is accompanied by peripheral neurotoxicity which might not be strictly related to the mechanism of anti-tumor action. There are several possible mechanisms but the effect of vincristine on enteric neurons and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. C57BL6/J mice were systematically treated with vincristine for 10 days, and macrophages were depleted using clodronate liposomes. The colonic myenteric plexus neurons were extracted and cultured in vitro. Macrophages from different parts were extracted in an improved way. In the current study, we demonstrated that system treatment of vincristine resulted in colonic myenteric neurons injury, pro-inflammatory macrophages activation and total gastrointestinal transport time increase. Vincristine promoted the pro-inflammatory macrophages activation individually or in coordination with LPS and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α via increasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, pro-inflammatory macrophages led to colonic myenteric neurons apoptosis targeting on SGK1-FOXO3 pathway. These effects were attenuated by inhibitors of the ERK1/2 and p38-MAPK pathways. Importantly, macrophages depletion alleviated colonic myenteric neurons injury and the delay of gastrointestinal motility caused by system treatment of vincristine. Taken together, system treatment of vincristine led to colonic myenteric neurons injury via pro-inflammatory macrophages activation which was alleviated by depletion of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 758 Hefei Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266035, PR China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Xili Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Bing Yan
- Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Provincial Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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13
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Stafeev I, Sklyanik I, Mamontova E, Michurina S, Shestakova E, Yah’yaev K, Yurasov A, Masnikov D, Sineokaya M, Ratner E, Vorotnikov A, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y, Shestakova M. NDRG1 Activity in Fat Depots Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Incretin Profile in Patients With Morbid Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:777589. [PMID: 34956089 PMCID: PMC8695674 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.777589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate insulin-, mTOR- and SGK1-dependent signaling basal states in morbidly obese patients' fat. We analyzed the correlation between the signaling activity, carbohydrate metabolism, and incretin profiles of patients. METHODS The omental and subcutaneous fat was obtained in patients with obesity. The omental study included 16 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 17 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); the subcutaneous study included 9 NGT patients and 12 T2DM patients. Insulin resistance was evaluated using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test and HOMA-IR index. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for NGT patients and mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) for T2DM patients were performed. The levels of incretins (GLP-1, GIP, oxyntomodulin) and glucagon were measured during the tests. Signaling was analyzed by Western blotting in adipose tissue biopsies. RESULTS We have shown equal levels of basal phosphorylation of insulin- and mTOR-dependent signaling in omental fat depot in NGT and T2DM obese patients. Nevertheless, pNDRG1-T346 was decreased in omental fat of T2DM patients. Correlation analysis has shown an inverse correlation of pNDRG1-T346 in omental fat and diabetic phenotype (HbA1c, impaired incretin profile (AUC GLP-1, glucagon)). Moreover, pNDRG1-T346 in subcutaneous fat correlated with impaired incretin levels among obese patients (inverse correlation with AUC glucagon and AUC GIP). CONCLUSIONS According to results of the present study, we hypothesize that phosphorylation of pNDRG1-T346 can be related to impairment in incretin hormone processing. pNDRG1-T346 in adipose tissue may serve as a marker of diabetes-associated impairments of the systemic incretin profile and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Stafeev
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Iurii Stafeev,
| | - Igor Sklyanik
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Mamontova
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Michurina
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Kamil Yah’yaev
- Surgery Department, Central Clinical Hospital #1 of Open Join Stock Company (OJSC) Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Yurasov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Surgery Department, Central Clinical Hospital #1 of Open Join Stock Company (OJSC) Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Masnikov
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Center of Master’s Programs, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sineokaya
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Diabetes Institute, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Vorotnikov
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- The Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Cao Q, Wang W, Williams JB, Yang F, Wang ZJ, Yan Z. Targeting histone K4 trimethylation for treatment of cognitive and synaptic deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabc8096. [PMID: 33298440 PMCID: PMC7725456 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic aberration is implicated in aging and neurodegeneration. Using postmortem tissues from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD mouse models, we have found that the permissive histone mark H3K4me3 and its catalyzing enzymes are significantly elevated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Inhibiting H3K4-specific methyltransferases with the compound WDR5-0103 leads to the substantial recovery of PFC synaptic function and memory-related behaviors in AD mice. Among the up-regulated genes reversed by WDR5-0103 treatment in PFC of AD mice, many have the increased H3K4me3 enrichment at their promoters. One of the identified top-ranking target genes, Sgk1, which encodes serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1, is also significantly elevated in PFC of patients with AD. Administration of a specific Sgk1 inhibitor reduces hyperphosphorylated tau protein, restores PFC glutamatergic synaptic function, and ameliorates memory deficits in AD mice. These results have found a novel epigenetic mechanism and a potential therapeutic strategy for AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jamal B Williams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fengwei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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15
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Lang F, Rajaxavier J, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Salker MS. The Enigmatic Role of Serum & Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase 1 in the Endometrium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:556543. [PMID: 33195190 PMCID: PMC7609842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.556543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is subject to genetic up-regulation by diverse stimulators including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, dehydration, ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. To become active, the expressed kinase requires phosphorylation, which is accomplished by PI3K/PDK1 and mTOR dependent signaling. SGK1 enhances the expression/activity of various transport proteins including Na+/K+-ATPase as well as ion-, glucose-, and amino acid- carriers in the plasma membrane. SGK1 can further up-regulate diverse ion channels, such as Na+-, Ca2+-, K+- and Cl- channels. SGK1 regulates expression/activity of a wide variety of transcription factors (such as FKHRL1/Foxo3a, β-catenin, NFκB and p53). SGK1 thus contributes to the regulation of transport, glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, immune regulation, cell migration, tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification. In this review we summarized the current findings that SGK1 plays a crucial function in the regulation of endometrial function. Specifically, it plays a dual role in the regulation of endometrial receptivity necessary for implantation and, subsequently in pregnancy maintenance. Furthermore, fetal programming of blood pressure regulation requires maternal SGK1. Underlying mechanisms are, however, still ill-defined and there is a substantial need for additional information to fully understand the role of SGK1 in the orchestration of embryo implantation, embryo survival and fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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16
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Park KC, Paluncic J, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Pharmacological targeting and the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:154-175. [PMID: 31132412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that is regulated by hypoxia, metal ions including iron, the free radical nitric oxide (NO.), and various stress stimuli. This intriguing molecule exhibits diverse functions in cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and angiogenesis by modulation of a plethora of oncogenes via cellular signaling. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NDRG1 signaling in cancer is a promising therapeutic strategy. Of note, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, which exert the "double punch" mechanism by binding metal ions to form redox-active complexes, have been demonstrated to markedly up-regulate NDRG1 expression in cancer cells. This review describes the mechanisms underlying NDRG1 modulation by the thiosemicarbazones and the diverse effects NDRG1 exerts in cancer. As a major induction mechanism, iron depletion appears critical, with NO. also inducing NDRG1 through its ability to bind iron and generate dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes, which are then effluxed from cells. Apart from its potent anti-metastatic role, several studies have reported a pro-oncogenic role of NDRG1 in a number of cancer-types. Hence, it has been suggested that NDRG1 plays pleiotropic roles depending on the cancer-type. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying NDRG1 pleiotropy remain elusive, but are linked to differential regulation of WNT signaling and potentially differential interaction with the tumor suppressor, PTEN. This review discusses NDRG1 induction mechanisms by metal ions and NO. and both the anti- and possible pro-oncogenic functions of NDRG1 in multiple cancer-types and compares the opposite effects this protein exerts on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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17
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Kuan PF, Clouston S, Yang X, Kotov R, Bromet E, Luft BJ. Molecular linkage between post-traumatic stress disorder and cognitive impairment: a targeted proteomics study of World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:269. [PMID: 32753605 PMCID: PMC7403297 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing work on proteomics has found common biomarkers that are altered in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current study expands our understanding of these biomarkers by profiling 276 plasma proteins with known involvement in neurobiological processes using the Olink Proseek Multiplex Platform in individuals with both PTSD and MCI compared to either disorder alone and with unaffected controls. Participants were World Trade Center (WTC) responders recruited through the Stony Brook WTC Health Program. PTSD and MCI were measured with the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, respectively. Compared with unaffected controls, we identified 16 proteins associated with comorbid PTSD-MCI at P < 0.05 (six at FDR < 0.1), 20 proteins associated with PTSD only (two at FDR < 0.1), and 24 proteins associated with MCI only (one at FDR < 0.1), for a total of 50 proteins. The multiprotein composite score achieved AUCs of 0.84, 0.77, and 0.83 for PTSD-MCI, PTSD only, and MCI only versus unaffected controls, respectively. To our knowledge, the current study is the largest to profile a large set of proteins involved in neurobiological processes. The significant associations across the three case-group analyses suggest that shared biological mechanisms may be involved in the two disorders. If findings from the multiprotein composite score are replicated in independent samples, it has the potential to add a new tool to help classify both PTSD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fen Kuan
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sean Clouston
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Book University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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18
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Maestro I, Boya P, Martinez A. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1, a new therapeutic target for autophagy modulation in chronic diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:231-243. [PMID: 32067528 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1730328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Autophagy, a basic cellular degradation pathway essential for survival, is altered both in aging and in many chronic human diseases, including infections, cancer, heart disease, and neurodegeneration. Identifying new therapeutic targets for the control and modulation of autophagy events is therefore of utmost importance in drug discovery. Serum and glucocorticoid activated kinase 1 (SGK1), known for decades for its role in ion channel modulation, is now known to act as a switch for autophagy homeostasis, and has emerged as a novel and important therapeutic target likely to attract considerable research attention in the coming years.Areas covered: In this general review of SGK1 we describe the kinase's structure and its roles in physiological and pathological contexts. We also discuss small-molecule modulators of SGK1 activity. These modulators are of particular interest to medicinal chemists and pharmacists seeking to develop more potent and selective drug candidates for SGK1, which, despite its key role in autophagy, remains relatively understudied.Expert opinion: The main future challenges in this area are (i) deciphering the role of SGK1 in selective autophagy processes (e.g. mitophagy, lipophagy, and aggrephagy); (ii) identifying selective allosteric modulators of SGK1 with specific biological functions; and (iii) conducting first-in-man clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Maestro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Villoslada P, Vila G, Colafrancesco V, Moreno B, Fernandez-Diez B, Vazquez R, Pertsovskaya I, Zubizarreta I, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, Messeguer J, Vendrell-Navarro G, Frade JM, López-Sánchez N, Teixido M, Giralt E, Masso M, Dugas JC, Leonoudakis D, Lariosa-Willingham KD, Steinman L, Messeguer A. Axonal and Myelin Neuroprotection by the Peptoid BN201 in Brain Inflammation. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:808-827. [PMID: 30815844 PMCID: PMC6694325 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of neuroprotective therapies is a sought-after goal. By screening combinatorial chemical libraries using in vitro assays, we identified the small molecule BN201 that promotes the survival of cultured neural cells when subjected to oxidative stress or when deprived of trophic factors. Moreover, BN201 promotes neuronal differentiation, the differentiation of precursor cells to mature oligodendrocytes in vitro, and the myelination of new axons. BN201 modulates several kinases participating in the insulin growth factor 1 pathway including serum-glucocorticoid kinase and midkine, inducing the phosphorylation of NDRG1 and the translocation of the transcription factor Foxo3 to the cytoplasm. In vivo, BN201 prevents axonal and neuronal loss, and it promotes remyelination in models of multiple sclerosis, chemically induced demyelination, and glaucoma. In summary, we provide a new promising strategy to promote neuroaxonal survival and remyelination, potentially preventing disability in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Villoslada
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vila
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valeria Colafrancesco
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Moreno
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Fernandez-Diez
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Vazquez
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inna Pertsovskaya
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irati Zubizarreta
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Center for Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer, Casanova 145, Centre Cellex 3A, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Messeguer
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Gloria Vendrell-Navarro
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Jose Maria Frade
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - Noelia López-Sánchez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | | | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Mar Masso
- Bionure Farma SL, Barcelona, 94025, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Angel Messeguer
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
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20
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D'Antona L, Dattilo V, Catalogna G, Scumaci D, Fiumara CV, Musumeci F, Perrotti G, Schenone S, Tallerico R, Spoleti CB, Costa N, Iuliano R, Cuda G, Amato R, Perrotti N. In Preclinical Model of Ovarian Cancer, the SGK1 Inhibitor SI113 Counteracts the Development of Paclitaxel Resistance and Restores Drug Sensitivity. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:1045-1055. [PMID: 31163384 PMCID: PMC6545392 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological malignancy worldwide. Paclitaxel is particularly important in the therapy of ovarian carcinomas, but the treatment efficacy is counteracted by the development of resistance to chemotherapy. The identification of target molecules that can prevent or control the development of chemoresistance might provide important tools for the management of patients affected by ovarian cancer. Serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) appears to be a key determinant of resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Specifically, SGK1 affects paclitaxel sensitivity in RKO colon carcinoma cells by modulating the specificity protein 1 (SP1)–dependent expression of Ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (RANBP1), a member of the GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran (RAN) network that is required for the organization and function of the mitotic spindle. SGK1 inhibition might thus be useful for counteracting the development of paclitaxel resistance. Here, we present in vitro data obtained using ovarian carcinoma cell lines that indicate that the SGK1 inhibitor SI113 inhibits cancer cell proliferation, potentiates the effects of paclitaxel-based chemotherapy, counteracts the development of paclitaxel resistance, and restores paclitaxel sensitivity in paclitaxel-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells. The results were corroborated by preclinical studies of xenografts generated in nude mice through the implantation of paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. The SGK1 inhibitor SI113 synergizes with paclitaxel in the treatment of xenografted ovarian cancer cells. Taken together, these data suggest that SGK1 inhibition should be investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia D'Antona
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Giada Catalogna
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | | | - Giuseppe Perrotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | | | - Rossana Tallerico
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Cristina B Spoleti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Nicola Costa
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro.
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro.
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21
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McCaig C, Ataliotis P, Shtaya A, Omar AS, Green AR, Kind CN, Pereira AC, Naray-Fejes-Toth A, Fejes-Toth G, Yáñez-Muñoz RJ, Murray JT, Hainsworth AH. Induction of the cell survival kinase Sgk1: A possible novel mechanism for α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone in experimental stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:1111-1121. [PMID: 29260627 PMCID: PMC6545623 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17746980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nitrones (e.g. α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone; PBN) are cerebroprotective in experimental stroke. Free radical trapping is their proposed mechanism. As PBN has low radical trapping potency, we tested Sgk1 induction as another possible mechanism. PBN was injected (100 mg/kg, i.p.) into adult male rats and mice. Sgk1 was quantified in cerebral tissue by microarray, quantitative RT-PCR and western analyses. Sgk1+/+ and Sgk1-/- mice were randomized to receive PBN or saline immediately following transient (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Neurological deficit was measured at 24 h and 48 h and infarct volume at 48 h post-occlusion. Following systemic PBN administration, rapid induction of Sgk1 was detected by microarray (at 4 h) and confirmed by RT-PCR and phosphorylation of the Sgk1-specific substrate NDRG1 (at 6 h). PBN-treated Sgk1+/+ mice had lower neurological deficit ( p < 0.01) and infarct volume ( p < 0.01) than saline-treated Sgk1+/+ mice. PBN-treated Sgk1-/- mice did not differ from saline-treated Sgk1-/- mice. Saline-treated Sgk1-/- and Sgk1+/+ mice did not differ. Brain Sgk3:Sgk1 mRNA ratio was 1.0:10.6 in Sgk1+/+ mice. Sgk3 was not augmented in Sgk1-/- mice. We conclude that acute systemic treatment with PBN induces Sgk1 in brain tissue. Sgk1 may play a part in PBN-dependent actions in acute brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine McCaig
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Paris Ataliotis
- Institute for Medical & Biomedical
Education, St George’s University of London, London, UK
| | - Anan Shtaya
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - Ayan S Omar
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
| | - A Richard Green
- School of Life Sciences, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Clive N Kind
- Leicester School of Pharmacy,
De
Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Anthony C Pereira
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George’s
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aniko Naray-Fejes-Toth
- Molecular & Systems Biology
Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Geza Fejes-Toth
- Molecular & Systems Biology
Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Rafael J Yáñez-Muñoz
- AGCTlab.org, Centre for Biomedical
Sciences, School of Biological Sciences,
Royal
Holloway, University of London, Egham,
Surrey, UK
| | - James T Murray
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology,
Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2,
Ireland
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research
Institute, St Georges University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, St George’s
University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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22
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Lang F, Stournaras C, Zacharopoulou N, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress. Cell Stress 2018; 3:1-8. [PMID: 31225494 PMCID: PMC6551677 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is up-regulated by several types of cell stress, such as ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. The SGK1 protein is activated by a signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). SGK1 up-regulates Na+/K+-ATPase, a variety of carriers including Na+-,K+-,2Cl−- cotransporter (NKCC), NaCl cotransporter (NCC), Na+/H+ exchangers, diverse amino acid transporters and several glucose carriers such as Na+-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. SGK1 further up-regulates a large number of ion channels including epithelial Na+ channel ENaC, voltagegated Na+ channel SCN5A, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel (ORAI1) with its stimulator STIM1, epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and diverse K+ channels. Furthermore, SGK1 influences transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor protein, cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and forkhead box O3 protein (FOXO3a). Thus, SGK1 supports cellular glucose uptake and glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, and wound healing. Presumably as last line of defense against tissue injury, SGK1 fosters tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification replacing energy consuming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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23
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Tian Y, Guo S, Chen C, Zhao L, Li Z, Yan Y. Gene sequence screening for manganese poisoning-susceptible genes and analysis of gene interaction effects. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 64:60-69. [PMID: 30300793 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese poisoning is a common occupational disease, studies have found that the susceptibility to manganese poisoning differs in individuals. We adopted genome-wide sequencing methods to screen for susceptibility genes involved in gene-mediated metabolic pathways from the perspective of manganese poisoning. We identified 18,439 genes in this study, including 14,272 known genes and 4398 new genes. We then selected 17 differential genes using p values, of which 7 genes were down-regulated and 10 genes were up-regulated. Possible interaction genes for each differential gene were selected according to the String database. Sgk1, HCRTr1, HspB1, Rem2, Oprd1, ATF5, and TRHr identified in this study may be involved in oxidative stress mechanisms, dopamine (DA) synthesis, and neuronal survival during apoptosis and may affect susceptibility to manganese poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Tian
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China; Shandong Academy Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China.
| | - Shuhan Guo
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 University Road, Science and Technology Park, Changqing District, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Cengceng Chen
- Jining Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 26 Yingcui Road, Jining 272000, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China; Shandong Academy Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China; Shandong Academy Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yongjian Yan
- Shandong Academy Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, 18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China.
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24
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Izumi H, Shinoda Y, Saito T, Saido TC, Sato K, Yabuki Y, Matsumoto Y, Kanemitsu Y, Tomioka Y, Abolhassani N, Nakabeppu Y, Fukunaga K. The Disease-modifying Drug Candidate, SAK3 Improves Cognitive Impairment and Inhibits Amyloid beta Deposition in App Knock-in Mice. Neuroscience 2018; 377:87-97. [PMID: 29510211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of elderly dementia in the world. At present, acetylcholine inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, are used for AD therapy, but the therapeutic efficacy is limited. We recently proposed T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels' (T-VGCCs) enhancer as a new therapeutic candidate for AD. In the current study, we confirmed the pharmacokinetics of SAK3 in the plasma and brain of mice using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We also investigated the effects of SAK3 on the major symptoms of AD, such as cognitive dysfunction and amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, in AppNL-F knock-in (NL-F) mice, which have been established as an AD model. Chronic SAK3 (0.5 mg/kg/day) oral administration for 3 months from 9 months of age improved cognitive function and inhibited Aβ deposition in 12-month-old NL-F mice. Using microarray and real-time PCR analysis, we discovered serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) as one of possible genes involved in the inhibition of Aβ deposition and improvement of cognitive function by SAK3. These results support the idea that T-VGCC enhancer, SAK3 could be a novel candidate for disease-modifying therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanao Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaomi C Saido
- Laboratory for Proteolytic Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Keita Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshitomi Kanemitsu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nona Abolhassani
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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25
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Dattilo V, D’Antona L, Talarico C, Capula M, Catalogna G, Iuliano R, Schenone S, Roperto S, Bianco C, Perrotti N, Amato R. SGK1 affects RAN/RANBP1/RANGAP1 via SP1 to play a critical role in pre-miRNA nuclear export: a new route of epigenomic regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45361. [PMID: 28358001 PMCID: PMC5371792 DOI: 10.1038/srep45361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1) controls cell transformation and tumor progression. SGK1 affects mitotic stability by regulating the expression of RANBP1/RAN. Here, we demonstrate that SGK1 fluctuations indirectly modify the maturation of pre-miRNAs, by modulating the equilibrium of the RAN/RANBP1/RANGAP1 axis, the main regulator of nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. The levels of pre-miRNAs and mature miRNAs were assessed by qRT-PCR, in total extracts and after differential nuclear/cytoplasmic extraction. RANBP1 expression is the limiting step in the regulation of SGK1-SP1 dependent nuclear export. These results were validated in unrelated tumor models and primary human fibroblasts and corroborated in tumor-engrafted nude mice. The levels of pri-miRNAs, DROSHA, DICER and the compartmental distribution of XPO5 were documented. Experiments using RANGTP conformational antibodies confirmed that SGK1, through RANBP1, decreases the level of the GTP-bound state of RAN. This novel mechanism may play a role in the epigenomic regulation of cell physiology and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia D’Antona
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Talarico
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mjriam Capula
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Catalogna
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- University of Genova, Dept of Farmacia, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova, Italy
| | - Sante Roperto
- University “Federico II” of Naple, Dept of Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Via Federico Delpino 1, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Cataldo Bianco
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Dept. of “Scienze della Salute”, Viale Europa Catanzaro, Italy
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26
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Basello K, Pacifici F, Capuani B, Pastore D, Lombardo MF, Ferrelli F, Coppola A, Donadel G, Arriga R, Sconocchia G, Bellia A, Rogliani P, Federici M, Sbraccia P, Lauro D, Della-Morte D. Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 Delay the Onset of Endothelial Senescence by Directly Interacting with Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:79-89. [PMID: 26230157 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial senescence is characteristic of vascular aging. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK)1 belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases regulated by various external stimuli. SGK1 has been shown to be protective against reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and to be involved in processes regulating aging. However, data on the direct relationship between SGK1 and senescence are sparse. In the present study, we sought to investigate the role of SGK1 in cellular aging by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) infected with different constructs. Senescence was measured at different cellular stages by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) activity, p21 protein levels, and ROS production. HUVECs over-expressing full-length SGK1 (wild-type SGK1 [SGK1WT]) showed a decrease in SA-β-gal and p21 expression and a corresponding increase in hTERT activity in the early stages of aging. Moreover, SGK1WT presented lower levels of ROS production. A direct interaction between SGK1WT and hTERT was also shown by co-immunoprecipitation. The SGK1Δ60 isoform, lacking the amino-terminal 60 amino acids, did not show interaction with hTERT, suggesting a pivotal role of this protein site for the SGK1 anti-aging function. The results from this study may be of particular importance, because SGK1WT over-expression by activating telomerase and reducing ROS levels may delay the processes of endothelial senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Basello
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Barbara Capuani
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Marco F Lombardo
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrelli
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Andrea Coppola
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Giulia Donadel
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Roberto Arriga
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sconocchia
- 2 Institute of Translational Pharmacology , National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Paolo Sbraccia
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- 1 Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Italy .,3 IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
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27
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Lou Y, Hu M, Mao L, Zheng Y, Jin F. Involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in reproductive success. FASEB J 2016; 31:447-456. [PMID: 27871060 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600760r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive processes, in particular events that concern pregnancy, are fine-tuned to produce offspring. Reproductive success is of prime importance for the survival of every species. The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) was first implicated in infertility as a regulator of a Na+ channel. In this review, we emphasize the prominent role of SGK1 during early pregnancy: 1) balancing uterine luminal fluid secretion and reabsorption to aid blastocyst adhesion and to import nutrients and energy; 2) transducing signals from the blastocyst to the receptive endometrium; 3) inducing multiple genes that are involved in uterine receptivity and trophoblast invasion; 4) regulating cell differentiation and antioxidant defenses at the fetomaternal interface; and 5) contributing to the proliferation and survival of decidual stromal cells. Accordingly, SGK1 coordinates many cellular processes that are crucial to reproductive activities. Aberrant expression or function of SGK1 results in implantation failure and early pregnancy loss. Further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of the function of SGK1 might provide novel diagnostic tools and interventions for reproductive complications.-Lou, Y., Hu, M., Mao, L., Zheng, Y., Jin, F. Involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minhao Hu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luna Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingming Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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28
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Talarico C, D'Antona L, Scumaci D, Barone A, Gigliotti F, Fiumara CV, Dattilo V, Gallo E, Visca P, Ortuso F, Abbruzzese C, Botta L, Schenone S, Cuda G, Alcaro S, Bianco C, Lavia P, Paggi MG, Perrotti N, Amato R. Preclinical model in HCC: the SGK1 kinase inhibitor SI113 blocks tumor progression in vitro and in vivo and synergizes with radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37511-25. [PMID: 26462020 PMCID: PMC4741945 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SGK1 kinase is pivotal in signal transduction pathways operating in cell transformation and tumor progression. Here, we characterize in depth a novel potent and selective pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based SGK1 inhibitor. This compound, named SI113, active in vitro in the sub-micromolar range, inhibits SGK1-dependent signaling in cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We recently showed that SI113 slows down tumor growth and induces cell death in colon carcinoma cells, when used in monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel. We now demonstrate for the first time that SI113 inhibits tumour growth in hepatocarcinoma models in vitro and in vivo. SI113-dependent tumor inhibition is dose- and time-dependent. In vitro and in vivo SI113-dependent SGK1 inhibition determined a dramatic increase in apoptosis/necrosis, inhibited cell proliferation and altered the cell cycle profile of treated cells. Proteome-wide biochemical studies confirmed that SI113 down-regulates the abundance of proteins downstream of SGK1 with established roles in neoplastic transformation, e.g. MDM2, NDRG1 and RAN network members. Consistent with knock-down and over-expressing cellular models for SGK1, SI113 potentiated and synergized with radiotherapy in tumor killing. No short-term toxicity was observed in treated animals during in vivo SI113 administration. These data show that direct SGK1 inhibition can be effective in hepatic cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Talarico
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Antona
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Agnese Barone
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Gigliotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Vincenza Fiumara
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Section of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Section of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Abbruzzese
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Department of Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cataldo Bianco
- Department of "Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), c/o University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco G Paggi
- Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of "Scienze della Salute", University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
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Lou Y, Zhang F, Luo Y, Wang L, Huang S, Jin F. Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 in Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081307. [PMID: 27517916 PMCID: PMC5000704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is tightly regulated by osmotic and hormonal signals, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Recently, SGK1 has been implicated as a signal hub for the regulation of sodium transport. SGK1 modulates the activities of multiple ion channels and carriers, such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5), sodium hydrogen exchangers 1 and 3 (NHE1 and NHE3), sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2); as well as the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A). Accordingly, SGK1 is implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of Na+ homeostasis. Here, we focus particularly on recent findings of SGK1’s involvement in Na+ transport in renal sodium reabsorption, hormone-stimulated salt appetite and fluid balance and discuss the abnormal SGK1-mediated Na+ reabsorption in hypertension, heart disease, edema with diabetes, and embryo implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shisi Huang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Women's Reproductive Healthy Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Luo J, Liang A, Liang M, Xia R, Rizvi Y, Wang Y, Cheng J. Serum Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1 Blocks CKD-Induced Muscle Wasting Via Inactivation of FoxO3a and Smad2/3. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:2797-808. [PMID: 26880799 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle proteolysis in CKD is stimulated when the ubiquitin-proteasome system is activated. Serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK-1) is involved in skeletal muscle homeostasis, but the role of this protein in CKD-induced muscle wasting is unknown. We found that, compared with muscles from healthy controls, muscles from patients and mice with CKD express low levels of SGK-1. In mice, SGK-1-knockout (SGK-1-KO) induced muscle loss that correlated with increased expression of ubiquitin E3 ligases known to facilitate protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome, and CKD substantially aggravated this response. SGK-1-KO also altered the phosphorylation levels of transcription factors FoxO3a and Smad2/3. In C2C12 muscle cells, expression of dominant negative FoxO3a or knockdown of Smad2/3 suppressed the upregulation of E3 ligases induced by loss of SGK-1. Additionally, SGK-1 overexpression increased the level of phosphorylated N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 protein, which directly interacted with and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Overexpression of SGK-1 in wild-type mice with CKD had similar effects on the phosphorylation of FoxO3a and Smad2/3 and prevented CKD-induced muscle atrophy. Finally, mechanical stretch of C2C12 muscle cells or treadmill running of wild-type mice with CKD stimulated SGK-1 production, and treadmill running inhibited proteolysis in muscle. These protective responses were absent in SGK-1-KO mice. Thus, SGK-1 could be a mechanical sensor that mediates exercise-induced improvement in muscle wasting stimulated by CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anlin Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruohan Xia
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yasmeen Rizvi
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Fluteau A, Ince PG, Minett T, Matthews FE, Brayne C, Garwood CJ, Ratcliffe LE, Morgan S, Heath PR, Shaw PJ, Wharton SB, Simpson JE. The nuclear retention of transcription factor FOXO3a correlates with a DNA damage response and increased glutamine synthetase expression by astrocytes suggesting a neuroprotective role in the ageing brain. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:11-7. [PMID: 26455863 PMCID: PMC4674771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative damage and cell death plays an important role in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. FOXO3a, the main isoform of FOXO transcription factors, mediates the cellular response to oxidative stress by regulating the expression of genes involved in DNA repair and glutamine metabolism, including glutamine synthetase (GS). Immunohistochemical investigation of the population-based neuropathology cohort of the Medical Research Council's Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS) demonstrates that nuclear retention of FOXO3a significantly correlates with a DNA damage response and with GS expression by astrocytes. Furthermore, we show that GS expression correlates with increasing Alzheimer-type pathology in this ageing cohort. Our findings suggest that in response to oxidative stress, the nuclear retention of FOXO3a in astrocytes upregulates expression of GS as a neuroprotective mechanism. However, the activity of GS may be compromised by increasing levels of oxidative stress in the ageing brain resulting in dysfunctional enzyme activity, neuronal excitotoxic damage and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Fluteau
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Thais Minett
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Institute of Health and Society, University of Newcastle, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Garwood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Ratcliffe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Morgan
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Lang F, Pearce D. Regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel by the mTORC2/SGK1 pathway. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:200-5. [PMID: 26163195 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) is decisive for sodium reabsorption by the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN) of the kidney. ENaC is regulated by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1), a kinase genomically upregulated by several hormones including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. SGK1 is activated by the serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) isoform mTORC2. SGK1 knockout (sgk1(-/-) mice) impairs renal Na(+) retention during salt depletion. The mTOR catalytic site inhibitor, PP242, but not mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, inhibits ENaC, decreases Na(+) flux in isolated perfused tubules and induces natriuresis in wild-type mice. PP242 does not lead to further impairment of Na(+) reabsorption in sgk1(-/-) mice. The mTORC2/SGK1 sensitive renal Na(+) retention leads to extracellular volume expansion with increase of blood pressure. A SGK1 gene variant (prevalence ∼ 3-5% in Caucasians, ∼ 10% in Africans) predisposes to hypertension, stroke, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Future studies will be required to define the role of mTORC2 in the regulation of further SGK1 sensitive transport proteins, such as further ion channels, carriers and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Moreover, studies are required disclosing the impact of mTORC2 on SGK1 sensitive disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, stroke, inflammation, autoimmune disease, fibrosis and tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Pearce
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Liu D, Zhang Y, Gharavi R, Park HR, Lee J, Siddiqui S, Telljohann R, Nassar MR, Cutler RG, Becker KG, Mattson MP. The mitochondrial uncoupler DNP triggers brain cell mTOR signaling network reprogramming and CREB pathway up-regulation. J Neurochem 2015; 134:677-92. [PMID: 26010875 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism is highly responsive to nutrient availability and ongoing activity in neuronal circuits. The molecular mechanisms by which brain cells respond to an increase in cellular energy expenditure are largely unknown. Mild mitochondrial uncoupling enhances cellular energy expenditure in mitochondria and can be induced with 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a proton ionophore previously used for weight loss. We found that DNP treatment reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, increases intracellular Ca(2+) levels and reduces oxidative stress in cerebral cortical neurons. Gene expression profiling of the cerebral cortex of DNP-treated mice revealed reprogramming of signaling cascades that included suppression of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin--PI3K - MAPK pathways, and up-regulation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2, a negative regulator of mTOR. Genes encoding proteins involved in autophagy processes were up-regulated in response to DNP. CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein) signaling, Arc and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which play important roles in synaptic plasticity and adaptive cellular stress responses, were up-regulated in response to DNP, and DNP-treated mice exhibited improved performance in a test of learning and memory. Immunoblot analysis verified that key DNP-induced changes in gene expression resulted in corresponding changes at the protein level. Our findings suggest that mild mitochondrial uncoupling triggers an integrated signaling response in brain cells characterized by reprogramming of mTOR and insulin signaling, and up-regulation of pathways involved in adaptive stress responses, molecular waste disposal, and synaptic plasticity. Physiological bioenergetic challenges such as exercise and fasting can enhance neuroplasticity and protect neurons against injury and neurodegeneration. Here, we show that the mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) elicits adaptive signaling responses in the cerebral cortex involving activation of Ca(2+) -CREB and autophagy pathways, and inhibition of mTOR and insulin signaling pathways. The molecular reprogramming induced by DNP, which is similar to that of exercise and fasting, is associated with improved learning and memory, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for DNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Gharavi
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hee Ra Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sana Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Telljohann
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew R Nassar
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roy G Cutler
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Meissner A, Visanji NP, Momen MA, Feng R, Francis BM, Bolz SS, Hazrati LN. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Underlies Loss of Cortical Dendritic Spine Density in a Mouse Model of Congestive Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001920. [PMID: 25948533 PMCID: PMC4599420 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder characterized by reduced cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance, ultimately leading to tissue perfusion deficits and devastating consequences for several organs including the brain. We previously described a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–dependent enhancement of posterior cerebral artery tone and concomitant reduced cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of early HF in which blood pressure remains minimally affected. HF is often associated with cognitive impairments such as memory deficits, even before any overt changes in brain structure and function occur. The pathophysiology underlying the development of cognitive impairments in HF is unknown, and appropriate treatment strategies are lacking. Methods and Results We used a well-established mouse model in which HF was induced by experimental myocardial infarction produced by permanent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (infarct size ≈25% of the left ventricular wall). Ligated mice developed enlarged hearts, congested lungs, and reduced cardiac output and blood pressure, with elevated peripheral resistance within 6 to 8 weeks after ligation. In this study, we demonstrated the significance of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α during HF-mediated neuroinflammation and associated impaired hippocampus-independent nonspatial episodic memory function. Augmented cerebral TNF-α expression and microglial activation in HF mice, indicative of brain inflammation, were accompanied by morphological changes and significant reduction of cortical dendritic spines (61.39±8.61% for basal and 61.04±9.18% for apical spines [P<0.001]). The significance of TNF-α signaling during the observed HF-mediated neurodegenerative processes is supported by evidence showing that sequestration or genetic deletion of TNF-α ameliorates the observed reduction of cortical dendritic spines (33.51±7.63% for basal and 30.13±6.98% for apical spines in wild-type mice treated with etanercept; 17.09±6.81% for basal and 17.21±7.29% for apical spines in TNF-α−/−). Moreover, our data suggest that alterations in cerebral serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SgK1) expression and phosphorylation during HF may be TNF-α dependent and that an increase of SgK1 phosphorylation potentially plays a role in the HF-associated reduction of dendritic spine density. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that TNF-α plays a pivotal role in HF-mediated neuroinflammation and associated alterations of cortical dendritic spine density and has the potential to reveal novel treatment strategies for HF-associated memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Meissner
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M., S.S.B.) Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Morten and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.P.V.)
| | - M Abdul Momen
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.)
| | - Rui Feng
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
| | - Beverly M Francis
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M., S.S.B.) Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.S.B.) Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine, University of Toronto, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.S.B.)
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
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Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Inducible Kinase 1 Confers Protection in Cell-Based and in In Vivo Neurotoxin Models via the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:1992-2006. [PMID: 25825522 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01510-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1) has been shown to be protective in models of Parkinson's disease, but the details by which it confers benefit is unknown. The current study was designed to investigate the details by which SGK1 confers neuroprotection. To do this we employed a cellular neurodegeneration model to investigate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. SGK1-expressing adenovirus was created and used to overexpress SGK1 in SH-SY5Y cells, and dexamethasone was used to increase endogenous expression of SGK1. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death were monitored to test the protective effect of SGK1. To investigate the effect of SGK1 overexpression in vivo, SGK1-expressing adenovirus was injected into the striatum of mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and protection of dopaminergic neurons was quantitatively assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry. SGK1 overexpression was found to decrease reactive oxygen species generation, alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction, and rescue cell death in vitro and in vivo by inactivating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), JNK, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and thereby decreasing ER and oxidative stress. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies for activation of SGK1 may have the potential to be neuroprotective by deactivating the JNK and GSK3β pathways.
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Abstract
Aldosterone is a major regulator of Na(+) absorption and acts primarily by controlling the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) function at multiple levels including transcription. ENaC consists of α, β, and γ subunits. In the classical model, aldosterone enhances transcription primarily by activating mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). However, how aldosterone induces chromatin alternation and thus leads to gene activation or repression remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that Dot1a-Af9 complex plays an important role in repression of αENaC by directly binding and modulating targeted histone H3 K79 hypermethylation at the specific subregions of αENaC promoter. Aldosterone impairs Dot1a-Af9 formation by decreasing expression of Dot1a and Af9 and by inducing Sgk1, which, in turn, phosphorylates Af9 at S435 to weaken Dot1a-Af9 interaction. MR counterbalances Dot1a-Af9 action by competing with Dot1a for binding Af9. Af17 derepresses αENaC by competitively interacting with Dot1a and facilitating Dot1a nuclear export. Consistently, MR(-/-) mice have impaired ENaC expression at day 5 after birth, which may contribute to progressive development of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 in a later stage. Af17(-/-) mice have decreased ENaC expression, renal Na(+) retention, and blood pressure. In contrast, Dot1l(AC) mice have increased αENaC expression, despite a 20% reduction of the principal cells. This chapter reviews these findings linking aldosterone action to ENaC transcription through chromatin modification. Future direction toward the understanding the role of Dot1a-Af9 complex beyond ENaC regulation, in particular, in renal fibrosis is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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37
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Lang F, Stournaras C, Alesutan I. Regulation of transport across cell membranes by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 31:29-36. [PMID: 24417516 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2013.874598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is genomically upregulated by cell stress including energy depletion and hyperosmotic shock as well as a variety of hormones including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and TGFβ. SGK1 is activated by insulin, growth factors and oxidative stress via phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK1 and mTOR. SGK1 is a powerful stimulator of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, carriers (e.g., NCC, NKCC, NHE1, NHE3, SGLT1, several amino acid transporters) and ion channels (e.g., ENaC, SCN5A, TRPV4-6, ORAI1/STIM1, ROMK, KCNE1/KCNQ1, GluR6, CFTR). Mechanisms employed by SGK1 in transport regulation include direct phosphorylation of target transport proteins, phosphorylation and thus activation of other transport regulating kinases, stabilization of membrane proteins by phosphorylation and thus inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase NEDD4-2, as well as stimulation of transport protein expression by upregulation transcription factors (e.g., nuclear factor kappa-B [NFκB]) and by fostering of protein translation. SGK1 sensitivity of pump, carrier and channel activities participate in the regulation of epithelial transport, cardiac and neuronal excitability, degranulation, platelet function, migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis. SGK1-sensitive functions do not require the presence of SGK1 but are markedly upregulated by SGK1. Accordingly, the phenotype of SGK1 knockout mice is mild. The mice are, however, less sensitive to excessive activation of transport by glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, insulin and inflammation. Moreover, excessive SGK1 activity contributes to the pathophysiology of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, stroke, inflammation, autoimmune disease, fibrosis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen , Germany and
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Fang BA, Kovačević Ž, Park KC, Kalinowski DS, Jansson PJ, Lane DJR, Sahni S, Richardson DR. Molecular functions of the iron-regulated metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, and its potential as a molecular target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:1-19. [PMID: 24269900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-myc down-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a known metastasis suppressor in multiple cancers, being also involved in embryogenesis and development, cell growth and differentiation, lipid biosynthesis and myelination, stress responses and immunity. In addition to its primary role as a metastasis suppressor, NDRG1 can also influence other stages of carcinogenesis, namely angiogenesis and primary tumour growth. NDRG1 is regulated by multiple effectors in normal and neoplastic cells, including N-myc, histone acetylation, hypoxia, cellular iron levels and intracellular calcium. Further, studies have found that NDRG1 is up-regulated in neoplastic cells after treatment with novel iron chelators, which are a promising therapy for effective cancer management. Although the pathways by which NDRG1 exerts its functions in cancers have been documented, the relationship between the molecular structure of this protein and its functions remains unclear. In fact, recent studies suggest that, in certain cancers, NDRG1 is post-translationally modified, possibly by the activity of endogenous trypsins, leading to a subsequent alteration in its metastasis suppressor activity. This review describes the role of this important metastasis suppressor and discusses interesting unresolved issues regarding this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Fang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Žaklina Kovačević
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Costin BN, Dever SM, Miles MF. Ethanol regulation of serum glucocorticoid kinase 1 expression in DBA2/J mouse prefrontal cortex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72979. [PMID: 23991167 PMCID: PMC3750005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously identified a group of glucocorticoid-responsive genes, including Serum Glucocorticoid kinase 1 (Sgk1), regulated by acute ethanol in prefrontal cortex of DBA2/J mice. Acute ethanol activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) causing release of glucocorticoids. Chronic ethanol dysregulates the HPA response in both humans and rodents, possibly contributing to important interactions between stress and alcoholism. Because Sgk1 regulates ion channels and learning and memory, we hypothesized that Sgk1 contributes to HPA-dependent acute and adaptive neuronal responses to ethanol. These studies characterized acute and chronic ethanol regulation of Sgk1 mRNA and protein and their relationship with ethanol actions on the HPA axis. Results Acute ethanol increased Sgk1 mRNA expression in a dose and time dependent manner. Three separate results suggested that ethanol regulated Sgk1 via circulating glucocorticoids: acute ethanol increased glucocorticoid receptor binding to the Sgk1 promoter; adrenalectomy blocked ethanol induction of Sgk1 mRNA; and chronic ethanol exposure during locomotor sensitization down-regulated HPA axis activation and Sgk1 induction by acute ethanol. SGK1 protein had complex temporal responses to acute ethanol with rapid and transient increases in Ser422 phosphorylation at 15 min. following ethanol administration. This activating phosphorylation had functional consequences, as suggested by increased phosphorylation of the known SGK1 target, N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1). After repeated ethanol administration during locomotor sensitization, basal SGK1 protein phosphorylation increased despite blunting of Sgk1 mRNA induction by ethanol. Conclusions These results suggest that HPA axis and glucocorticoid receptor signaling mediate acute ethanol induction of Sgk1 transcription in mouse prefrontal cortex. However, acute ethanol also causes complex changes in SGK1 protein expression and activity. Chronic ethanol modifies both SGK1 protein and HPA-mediated induction of Sgk1 mRNA. These adaptive molecular responses of glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression and SGK1 in prefrontal cortex may contribute to mechanisms underlying behavioral responses to chronic ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair N. Costin
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Dever
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Miles
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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