1
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Kong L, Sun J, Zhang W, Zhan Z, Piao Z. Functional analysis of the key BrSWEET genes for sugar transport involved in the Brassica rapa-Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction. Gene 2024; 927:148708. [PMID: 38885818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causative agent of clubroot disease, establishes a long-lasting parasitic relationship with its host by inducing the expression of sugar transporters. Previous studies have indicated that most BrSWEET genes in Chinese cabbage are up-regulated upon infection with P. brassicae. However, the key BrSWEET genes responsive to P. brassicae have not been definitively identified. In this study, we selected five BrSWEET genes and conducted a functional analysis of them. These five BrSWEET genes showed a notable up-regulation in roots after P. brassicae inoculation. Furthermore, these BrSWEET proteins were localized to the plasma membrane. Yeast functional complementation assays confirmed transport activity for glucose, fructose, or sucrose in four BrSWEETs, with the exception of BrSWEET2a. Mutants and silenced plants of BrSWEET1a, -11a, and -12a showed lower clubroot disease severity compared to wild-type plants, while gain-of-function Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing these three BrSWEET genes exhibited significantly higher disease incidence and severity. Our findings suggested that BrSWEET1a, BrSWEET11a, and BrSWEET12a play pivotal roles in P. brassicae-induced gall formation, shedding light on the role of sugar transporters in host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Kong
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Jiadi Sun
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Zongxiang Zhan
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
| | - Zhongyun Piao
- Molecular Biology of Vegetable Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China.
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2
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Beritza K, Watts EC, van der Hoorn RAL. Improving transient protein expression in agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:846-850. [PMID: 38849321 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Agroinfiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana is routinely used in plant science and molecular pharming to transiently express proteins of interest. Here, we discuss four phenomena that should be avoided to improve transient expression. Immune responses can be avoided by depleting immune receptors and employing pathogen-derived effectors; transcript degradation by using silencing inhibitors or RNA interference machinery mutants; endoplasmic reticulum stress by co-expressing chaperones; and protein degradation can be avoided with subcellular targeting, protease mutants and co-expressing protease inhibitors. We summarise the reported increased yields for various recombinant proteins achieved with these approaches and highlight remaining challenges to further improve the efficiency of this versatile protein expression platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Beritza
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma C Watts
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
| | - Renier A L van der Hoorn
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, OX1 3RB, Oxford, UK
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3
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Wang Y, Wu F, Zou R, Xu M, Shan H, Cheng B, Li X. The maize sugar transporters ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b positively regulate salt tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108845. [PMID: 38885565 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) family comprises a class of recently identified sugar transporters that play diverse roles in regulating plant development. Beyond those fundamental functions, emerging evidence suggests that SWEETs may also be involved in plant stress responses, such as salt tolerance. However, the specific role of maize SWEETs in regulating salt tolerance remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that two maize SWEET family members, ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b, are typical sugar transporters with seven transmembrane helices localized in the cell membrane. The heterologous expression of ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b in the yeast mutant strain confirms their role as sucrose transporters. Overexpression of ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b in Arabidopsis resulted in improved NaCl resistance and significant increase in seed germination rate compared to the wild type. Furthermore, by generating maize knockout mutants, we observe that the absence of ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b affects both plant growth and grain development. The salt treatment results indicate that the knockout mutants of these two genes are more sensitive to salt stress. Comparative analyses revealed that wild-type maize plants outperformed the knockout mutants in terms of growth parameters and physiological indices. Our findings unravel a novel function of ZmSWEET15a and ZmSWEET15b in the salt stress response, offering a theoretical foundation for enhancing maize salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fulang Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ruifan Zou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Minyan Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hanchen Shan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Crop Resistance and Quality Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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4
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Elliott K, Veley KM, Jensen G, Gilbert KB, Norton J, Kambic L, Yoder M, Weil A, Motomura-Wages S, Bart RS. CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutations in a sugar transporter gene reduce cassava susceptibility to bacterial blight. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2566-2578. [PMID: 38701041 PMCID: PMC11288762 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria from the genus Xanthomonas are prolific phytopathogens that elicit disease in over 400 plant species. Xanthomonads carry a repertoire of specialized proteins called transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors that promote disease and pathogen virulence by inducing the expression of host susceptibility (S) genes. Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm) causes bacterial blight on the staple food crop cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The Xpm effector TAL20 induces ectopic expression of the S gene Manihot esculenta Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter 10a (MeSWEET10a), which encodes a sugar transporter that contributes to cassava bacterial blight (CBB) susceptibility. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate multiple cassava lines with edits to the MeSWEET10a TAL20 effector binding site and/or coding sequence. In several of the regenerated lines, MeSWEET10a expression was no longer induced by Xpm, and in these cases, we observed reduced CBB disease symptoms post Xpm infection. Because MeSWEET10a is expressed in cassava flowers, we further characterized the reproductive capability of the MeSWEET10a promoter and coding sequence mutants. Lines were crossed to themselves and to wild-type plants. The results indicated that expression of MeSWEET10a in female, but not male, flowers is critical to produce viable F1 seed. In the case of promoter mutations that left the coding sequence intact, viable F1 progeny were recovered. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blocking MeSWEET10a induction is a viable strategy for decreasing cassava susceptibility to CBB and that ideal lines will contain promoter mutations that block TAL effector binding while leaving endogenous expression of MeSWEET10a unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiona Elliott
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kira M Veley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Greg Jensen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | | | - Joanna Norton
- College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Lukas Kambic
- College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Marisa Yoder
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Alex Weil
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Sharon Motomura-Wages
- College of Tropical Agriculture & Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Rebecca S Bart
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO 63132, USA
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5
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Timilsina S, Kaur A, Sharma A, Ramamoorthy S, Vallad GE, Wang N, White FF, Potnis N, Goss EM, Jones JB. Xanthomonas as a Model System for Studying Pathogen Emergence and Evolution. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1433-1446. [PMID: 38648116 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-24-0084-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight studies in which whole-genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and population genomics have provided unprecedented insights into past and ongoing pathogen evolution. These include new understandings of the adaptive evolution of secretion systems and their effectors. We focus on Xanthomonas pathosystems that have seen intensive study and improved our understanding of pathogen emergence and evolution, particularly in the context of host specialization: citrus canker, bacterial blight of rice, and bacterial spot of tomato and pepper. Across pathosystems, pathogens appear to follow a pattern of bursts of evolution and diversification that impact host adaptation. There remains a need for studies on the mechanisms of host range evolution and genetic exchange among closely related but differentially host-specialized species and to start moving beyond the study of specific strain and host cultivar pairwise interactions to thinking about these pathosystems in a community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Timilsina
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | | | - Gary E Vallad
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Nian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Frank F White
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Neha Potnis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Erica M Goss
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jeffrey B Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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6
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Wu X, Lin T, Zhou X, Zhang W, Liu S, Qiu H, Birch PRJ, Tian Z. Potato E3 ubiquitin ligase StRFP1 positively regulates late blight resistance by degrading sugar transporters StSWEET10c and StSWEET11. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:688-704. [PMID: 38769723 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop in the world. Late blight, caused by oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease threatening potato production. Previous research has shown that StRFP1, a potato Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura (ATL) family protein, positively regulates late blight resistance via its E3 ligase activity. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we reveal that StRFP1 is associated with the plasma membrane (PM) and undergoes constitutive endocytic trafficking. Its PM localization is essential for inhibiting P. infestans colonization. Through in vivo and in vitro assays, we investigated that StRFP1 interacts with two sugar transporters StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 at the PM. Overexpression (OE) of StSWEET10c or StSWEET11 enhances P. infestans colonization. Both StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 exhibit sucrose transport ability in yeast, and OE of StSWEET10c leads to an increased sucrose content in the apoplastic fluid of potato leaves. StRFP1 ubiquitinates StSWEET10c and StSWEET11 to promote their degradation. We illustrate a novel mechanism by which a potato ATL protein enhances disease resistance by degrading susceptibility (S) factors, such as Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs). This offers a potential strategy for improving disease resistance by utilizing host positive immune regulators to neutralize S factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianyu Lin
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huishan Qiu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Paul R J Birch
- Division of Plant Science, School of Life Science, University of Dundee (at JHI), Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Science, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Zhendong Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology (HZAU), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Potato Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hubei Province (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
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7
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Wu YC, Yu CW, Chiu JY, Chiang YH, Mitsuda N, Yen XC, Huang TP, Chang TF, Yen CJ, Guo WJ. The AT-hook protein AHL29 promotes Bacillus subtilis colonization by suppressing SWEET2-mediated sugar retrieval in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1084-1098. [PMID: 38037476 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial Bacillus subtilis (BS) symbiosis could combat root pathogenesis, but it relies on root-secreted sugars. Understanding the molecular control of sugar flux during colonization would benefit biocontrol applications. The SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter) uniporter regulates microbe-induced sugar secretion from roots; thus, its homologs may modulate sugar distribution upon BS colonization. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that gene transcripts of SWEET2, but not SWEET16 and 17, were significantly induced in seedling roots after 12 h of BS inoculation. Particularly, SWEET2-β-glucuronidase fusion proteins accumulated in the apical mature zone where BS abundantly colonized. Yet, enhanced BS colonization in sweet2 mutant roots suggested a specific role for SWEET2 to constrain BS propagation, probably by limiting hexose secretion. By employing yeast one-hybrid screening and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts, the transcription factor AHL29 was identified to function as a repressor of SWEET2 expression through the AT-hook motif. Repression occurred despite immunity signals. Additionally, enhanced SWEET2 expression and reduced colonies were specifically detected in roots of BS-colonized ahl29 mutant. Taken together, we propose that BS colonization may activate repression of AHL29 on SWEET2 transcription that would be enhanced by immunity signals, thereby maintaining adequate sugar secretion for a beneficial Bacillus association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chien Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jo-Yu Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xu-Chen Yen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Master and Doctoral Degree Program in Plant Health Care, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Fang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cen-Jie Yen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
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8
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Gupta A, Kumar M, Zhang B, Tomar M, Walia AK, Choyal P, Saini RP, Potkule J, Burritt DJ, Sheri V, Verma P, Chandran D, Tran LSP. Improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in cotton under normal and stressed environments using genomics and biotechnological tools: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111937. [PMID: 38043729 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for high-quality and high fiber-yielding cotton (Gossypium spp.), research into the development of stress-resilient cotton cultivars has acquired greater significance. Various biotic and abiotic stressors greatly affect cotton production and productivity, posing challenges to the future of the textile industry. Moreover, the content and quality of cottonseed oil can also potentially be influenced by future environmental conditions. Apart from conventional methods, genetic engineering has emerged as a potential tool to improve cotton fiber quality and productivity. Identification and modification of genome sequences and the expression levels of yield-related genes using genetic engineering approaches have enabled to increase both the quality and yields of cotton fiber and cottonseed oil. Herein, we evaluate the significance and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cotton agronomic traits under both normal and stressful environmental conditions. In addition, the importance of gossypol, a toxic phenolic compound in cottonseed that can limit consumption by animals and humans, is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India.
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Maharishi Tomar
- ICAR - Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Prince Choyal
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore 452001, India
| | | | - Jayashree Potkule
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vijay Sheri
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Pooja Verma
- ICAR - Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Kerala, Palakkad 679335, Kerala, India
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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9
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Fu ZW, Li JH, Gao X, Wang SJ, Yuan TT, Lu YT. Pathogen-induced methylglyoxal negatively regulates rice bacterial blight resistance by inhibiting OsCDR1 protease activity. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:325-341. [PMID: 38178576 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear. As an inevitable sugar metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown. Here, we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcription of OsGLY II genes by directly binding to their promoters, resulting in overaccumulation of MG. MG negatively regulates rice resistance against PXO99: osglyII2 mutants with higher MG levels are more susceptible to the pathogen, whereas OsGLYII2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type. Overexpression of OsGLYII2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (OsCDR1). MG modifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1 to inhibit its aspartic protease activity, which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity. Taken together, these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi-Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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10
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Ando S, Otawara S, Tabei Y, Tsushima S. Plasmodiophora brassicae affects host gene expression by secreting the transcription factor-type effector PbZFE1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:454-467. [PMID: 37738570 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The protist pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae hijacks the metabolism and development of host cruciferous plants and induces clubroot formation, but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms. Previously, the Pnit2int2 sequence, a sequence around the second intron of the nitrilase gene (BrNIT2) involved in auxin biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, was identified as a specific promoter activated during clubroot formation. In this study, we hypothesized that analysis of the transcriptional regulation of Pnit2int2 could reveal how P. brassicae affects the host gene regulatory system during clubroot development. By yeast one-hybrid screening, the pathogen zinc finger protein PbZFE1 was identified to specifically bind to Pnit2int2. Specific binding of PbZFE1 to Pnit2int2 was also confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The binding site of PbZFE1 is essential for promoter activity of Pnit2int2 in clubbed roots of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Pnit2int2-2::GUS), indicating that PbZFE1 is secreted from P. brassicae and functions within plant cells. Ectopic expression of PbZEF1 in A. thaliana delayed growth and flowering time, suggesting that PbZFE1 has significant impacts on host development and metabolic systems. Thus, P. brassicae appears to secrete PbZFE1 into host cells as a transcription factor-type effector during pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugihiro Ando
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Otawara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tabei
- Division of Plant Sciences, The Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
- Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Ora-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Seiya Tsushima
- Strategic Planning Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 3-1-1 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517, Japan
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11
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Wang H, Yu H, Chai L, Lu T, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Q. Exogenous Sucrose Confers Low Light Tolerance in Tomato Plants by Increasing Carbon Partitioning from Stems to Leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20625-20642. [PMID: 38096491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Low light (LL) stress adversely affects plant growth and productivity. The role of exogenous sucrose in enhancing plant LL tolerance was investigated by spraying sucrose on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) leaves. This study employed physiological and molecular approaches to identify the underlying mechanisms. Exogenous sucrose activated sucrose hydrolysis-related enzyme activity and upregulated genes encoding sucrose and hexose transporters in mature leaves, decreasing endogenous sucrose levels and promoting sucrose unloading during LL. Stem-related genes associated with sucrose synthesis and transport were also upregulated, enhancing sucrose phloem loading. Furthermore, sucrose from stems activated sucrose unloading in sink leaves, forming a feed-forward loop to sustain sucrose flow during LL. This led to increased nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs), improved energy metabolism, and enhanced protein synthesis in leaves, ultimately boosting photosynthesis and fruit yield after light recovery. These findings highlight how exogenous sucrose enhances LL tolerance in tomatoes by increasing the transport of NSCs from stems to leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lin Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weijie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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12
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Huang J, Fu X, Li W, Ni Z, Zhao Y, Zhang P, Wang A, Xiao D, Zhan J, He L. Molecular Cloning, Expression Analysis, and Functional Analysis of Nine IbSWEETs in Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16615. [PMID: 38068939 PMCID: PMC10706379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) genes play an important regulatory role in plants' growth and development, stress response, and sugar metabolism, but there are few reports on the role of SWEET proteins in sweet potato. In this study, nine IbSWEET genes were obtained via PCR amplification from the cDNA of sweet potato. Phylogenetic analysis showed that nine IbSWEETs separately belong to four clades (Clade I~IV) and contain two MtN3/saliva domains or PQ-loop superfamily and six~seven transmembrane domains. Protein interaction prediction showed that seven SWEETs interact with other proteins, and SWEETs interact with each other (SWEET1 and SWEET12; SWEET2 and SWEET17) to form heterodimers. qRT-PCR analysis showed that IbSWEETs were tissue-specific, and IbSWEET1b was highly expressed during root growth and development. In addition to high expression in leaves, IbSWEET15 was also highly expressed during root expansion, and IbSWEET7, 10a, 10b, and 12 showed higher expression in the leaves. The expression of SWEETs showed a significant positive/negative correlation with the content of soluble sugar and starch in storage roots. Under abiotic stress treatment, IbSWEET7 showed a strong response to PEG treatment, while IbSWEET10a, 10b, and 12 responded significantly to 4 °C treatment and, also, at 1 h after ABA, to NaCl treatment. A yeast mutant complementation assay showed that IbSWEET7 had fructose, mannose, and glucose transport activity; IbSWEET15 had glucose transport activity and weaker sucrose transport activity; and all nine IbSWEETs could transport 2-deoxyglucose. These results provide a basis for further elucidating the functions of SWEET genes and promoting molecular breeding in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Huang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuezhen Fu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Wenyan Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongwang Ni
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yanwen Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Pinggang Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie Zhan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (J.H.); (X.F.); (W.L.); (Z.N.); (Y.Z.); (P.Z.); (A.W.); (D.X.); (J.Z.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Longfei He
- Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Research Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Nie P, Wang L, Li M, Lyu D, Qin S, Xue X. MdSWEET23, a sucrose transporter from apple ( Malus × domestica Borkh.), influences sugar metabolism and enhances cold tolerance in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1266194. [PMID: 37854110 PMCID: PMC10579938 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1266194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic products in most fleshy fruits are unloaded via the apoplasmic pathway. Sugar transporters play an important role in the apoplasmic unloading pathway and are involved in sugar transport for fruit development. The MdSWEET23, cloned from ''Hanfu'' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruits, belongs to Clade III of the SWEET family. Subcellular localization revealed that MdSWEET23 is localized on the plasma membrane. β-glucuronidase activity assays showed that MdSWEET23 was primarily expressed in the sepal and carpel vascular bundle of apple fruits. Heterologous expression assays in yeast showed that MdSWEET23 functions in sucrose transport. The overexpression of MdSWEET23 in the ''Orin" calli increased the soluble sugar content. The silencing of MdSWEET23 significantly reduced the contents of sucrose and sorbitol in apple fruits. Ectopic overexpression of MdSWEET23 in tomato altered sugar metabolism and distribution in leaves and fruits, causing a reduction in photosynthetic rates and plant height, enhanced cold stress tolerance, and increased the content of sucrose, fructose, and glucose in breaking color fruits, but did not increase sugar sink potency of tomato fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Nie
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | | | - Miao Li
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sijun Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, China
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14
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Zhou J, Ma H, Zhang L. Mechanisms of Virulence Reprogramming in Bacterial Pathogens. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:561-581. [PMID: 37406345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that carry a comparatively small set of genetic information, typically consisting of a few thousand genes that can be selectively activated or repressed in an energy-efficient manner and transcribed to encode various biological functions in accordance with environmental changes. Research over the last few decades has uncovered various ingenious molecular mechanisms that allow bacterial pathogens to sense and respond to different environmental cues or signals to activate or suppress the expression of specific genes in order to suppress host defenses and establish infections. In the setting of infection, pathogenic bacteria have evolved various intelligent mechanisms to reprogram their virulence to adapt to environmental changes and maintain a dominant advantage over host and microbial competitors in new niches. This review summarizes the bacterial virulence programming mechanisms that enable pathogens to switch from acute to chronic infection, from local to systemic infection, and from infection to colonization. It also discusses the implications of these findings for the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
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15
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Zhang H, Ding Y, Yang K, Wang X, Gao W, Xie Q, Liu Z, Gao C. An Insight of Betula platyphylla SWEET Gene Family through Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Profiling and Function Analysis of BpSWEET1c under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13626. [PMID: 37686432 PMCID: PMC10488219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SWEET proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, sugar loading in phloem and resistance to abiotic stress through sugar transport. In this study, 13 BpSWEET genes were identified from birch genome. Collinearity analysis showed that there were one tandem repeating gene pair (BpSWEET1b/BpSWEET1c) and two duplicative gene pairs (BpSWEET17a/BpSWEET17b) in the BpSWEET gene family. The BpSWEET gene promoter regions contained several cis-acting elements related to stress resistance, for example: hormone-responsive and low-temperature-responsive cis-elements. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that BpSWEET genes were highly expressed in several sink organs, and the most BpSWEET genes were rapidly up-regulated under cold stress. BpSWEET1c, which was highly expressed in cold stress, was selected for further analysis. It was found that BpSWEET1c was located on the cell membrane. After 6 h of 4 °C stress, sucrose content in the leaves and roots of transient overexpressed BpSWEET1c was significantly higher than that of the control. MDA content in roots was significantly lower than that of the control. These results indicate that BpSWEET1c may play a positive role in the response to cold stress by promoting the metabolism and transport of sucrose. In conclusion, 13 BpSWEET genes were identified from the whole genome level. Most of the SWEET genes of birch were expressed in the sink organs and could respond to cold stress. Transient overexpression of BpSWEET1c changed the soluble sugar content and improved the cold tolerance of birch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Caiqiu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (H.Z.); (Y.D.); (K.Y.); (X.W.); (W.G.); (Q.X.); (Z.L.)
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16
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Liu T, Cui Q, Ban Q, Zhou L, Yuan Y, Zhang A, Wang Q, Wang C. Identification and expression analysis of the SWEET genes in radish reveal their potential functions in reproductive organ development. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7535-7546. [PMID: 37501046 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugars produced by photosynthesis provide energy for biological activities and the skeletons for macromolecules; they also perform multiple physiological functions in plants. Sugar transport across plasma membranes mediated by the Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) genes substantially affects these processes. However, the evolutionary dynamics and function of the SWEET genes are largely unknown in radish, an important Brassicaceae species. METHODS AND RESULTS Genome-wide identification and analysis of the RsSWEET genes from the recently updated radish reference genome was conducted using bioinformatics methods. The tissue-specific expression was analyzed using public RNA-seq data, and the expression levels in the bud, stamens, pistils, pericarps and seeds at 15 and 30 days after flowering (DAF) were determined by RT‒qPCR. Thirty-seven RsSWEET genes were identified and named according to their Arabidopsis homologous. They are unevenly distributed across the nine radish chromosomes and were further divided into four clades by phylogenetic analysis. There are 5-7 transmembrane domains and at least one MtN3_slv domain in the RsSWEETs. RNA-seq and RT‒qPCR revealed that the RsSWEETs exhibit higher expression levels in the reproductive organs, indicating that these genes might play vital roles in reproductive organ development. RsSWEET15.1 was found to be especially expressed in siliques according to the RNA-seq data, and the RT‒qPCR results further confirmed that it was most highly expressed levels in the seeds at 30 DAF, followed by the pericarp at 15 DAF, indicating that it is involved in seed growth and development. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the RsSWEET genes play vital roles in reproductive organ development and provides a theoretical basis for the future functional analysis of RsSWEETs in radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjin Liu
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China.
| | - Qunxiang Cui
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Qiuyan Ban
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Yinghui Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Aihui Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing, 210038, China.
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17
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Jiang C, Zeng S, Yang J, Wang X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of SWEET Family Genes Involved in Fruit Development in Plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1679. [PMID: 37761819 PMCID: PMC10531292 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SWEETs (sugars will eventually be exported transporters) play a vital role in longer-distance sugar transportation, and thus control carbon flow and energy metabolism in plants. SWEET genes have been identified in various plant species, but their functions in fruit development remain uncharacterized. Here, we isolated 15 putative PsSWEETs from the Prunus salicina genome. For further analysis, comprehensive bioinformatics methods were applied to determine the gene structure, chromosome distribution, phylogeny, cis-acting regulatory elements, and expression profiles of PsSWEETs. qRT-PCR analysis suggested that these SWEETs might have diverse functions in the development of plum fruit. The relative expression levels of PsSWEET1 and PsSWEET9 were obviously higher in ripened fruit than the ones in other developmental stages, suggesting their possible roles in the transport and accumulation of sugars in plum fruit. Positive correlations were found between the expression level of PsSWEET3/10/13 and the content of sucrose, and the expression level of PsSWEET2 and the content of fructose, respectively, during the development of 'Furongli' fruit, suggesting their possible roles in the accumulation of sucrose and fructose. The current study investigated the initial genomic characterization and expression patterns of the SWEET gene family in plum, which could provide a foundation for the further understanding of the functional analysis of the SWEET gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jiang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Shaomin Zeng
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Yang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Bengbu University, Bengbu 233030, China;
| | - Xiaoan Wang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China; (S.Z.); (X.W.)
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Jiang R, Wu L, Zeng J, Shah K, Zhang R, Hu G, Qin Y, Zhang Z. Identification of HuSWEET Family in Pitaya ( Hylocereus undatus) and Key Roles of HuSWEET12a and HuSWEET13d in Sugar Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12882. [PMID: 37629062 PMCID: PMC10454816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sugar composition and content of fruit have a significant impact on their flavor and taste. In pitaya, or dragon fruit, sweetness is a crucial determinant of fruit taste and consumer preference. The sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs), a novel group of sugar transporters that have various physiological functions, including phloem loading, seed filling, nectar secretion, and fruit development. However, the role of SWEETs in sugar accumulation in pitaya fruit is not yet clear. Here, we identified 19 potential members (HuSWEET genes) of the SWEET family in pitaya and analyzed their conserved motifs, physiochemical characteristics, chromosomal distribution, gene structure, and phylogenetic relationship. Seven highly conserved α-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were found, and the HuSWEET proteins can be divided into three clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. Interestingly, we found two HuSWEET genes, HuSWEET12a and HuSWEET13d, that showed strong preferential expressions in fruits and an upward trend during fruit maturation, suggesting they have key roles in sugar accumulation in pitaya. This can be further roughly demonstrated by the fact that transgenic tomato plants overexpressing HuSWEET12a/13d accumulated high levels of sugar in the mature fruit. Together, our result provides new insights into the regulation of sugar accumulation by SWEET family genes in pitaya fruit, which also set a crucial basis for the further functional study of the HuSWEETs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yonghua Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.J.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (K.S.); (R.Z.); (G.H.)
| | - Zhike Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.J.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (K.S.); (R.Z.); (G.H.)
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Shi L, Su J, Cho MJ, Song H, Dong X, Liang Y, Zhang Z. Promoter editing for the genetic improvement of crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4349-4366. [PMID: 37204916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression plays a fundamental role in the regulation of agronomically important traits in crop plants. The genetic manipulation of plant promoters through genome editing has emerged as an effective strategy to create favorable traits in crops by altering the expression pattern of the pertinent genes. Promoter editing can be applied in a directed manner, where nucleotide sequences associated with favorable traits are precisely generated. Alternatively, promoter editing can also be exploited as a random mutagenic approach to generate novel genetic variations within a designated promoter, from which elite alleles are selected based on their phenotypic effects. Pioneering studies have demonstrated the potential of promoter editing in engineering agronomically important traits as well as in mining novel promoter alleles valuable for plant breeding. In this review, we provide an update on the application of promoter editing in crops for increased yield, enhanced tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improved quality. We also discuss several remaining technical bottlenecks and how this strategy may be better employed for the genetic improvement of crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome Editing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Hao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome Editing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Plant Genome Editing, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhang S, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang J, Liu W, Fang H, Zhang Z, Peng F, Chen X, Wang N. Abscisic acid and regulation of the sugar transporter gene MdSWEET9b promote apple sugar accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:2081-2101. [PMID: 36815241 PMCID: PMC10315282 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing fruit sugar contents, especially for high-flavonoid apples with a sour taste, is one of the main goals of horticultural crop breeders. This study analyzed sugar accumulation and the underlying mechanisms in the F2 progenies of a hybridization between the high-sugar apple (Malus × domestica) variety "Gala" and high-flavonoid apple germplasm "CSR6R6". We revealed that MdSWEET9b (sugars will eventually be exported transporter) helps mediate sugar accumulation in fruits. Functional characterization of MdSWEET9b in yeast mutants lacking sugar transport as well as in overexpressing and CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown apple calli revealed MdSWEET9b could transport sucrose specifically, ultimately promoting normal yeast growth and accumulation of total sugar contents. Moreover, MdWRKY9 bound to the MdSWEET9b promoter and regulated its activity, which responded to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Furthermore, MdWRKY9 interacted with MdbZIP23 (basic leucine zipper) and MdbZIP46, key ABA signal transducers, at the protein and DNA levels to enhance its regulatory effect on MdSWEET9b expression, thereby influencing sugar accumulation. Based on the contents of ABA in lines with differing sugar contents and the effects of ABA treatments on fruits and calli, we revealed ABA as one of the main factors responsible for the diversity in apple fruit sugar content. The results of this study have clarified how MdSWEET9b influences fruit sugar accumulation, while also further elucidating the regulatory effects of the ABA-signaling network on fruit sugar accumulation. This work provides a basis for future explorations of the crosstalk between hormone and sugar metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | | | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
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Serajazari M, Torkamaneh D, Gordon E, Lee E, Booker H, Pauls KP, Navabi A. Identification of fusarium head blight resistance markers in a genome-wide association study of CIMMYT spring synthetic hexaploid derived wheat lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:290. [PMID: 37259061 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide. FHB infection can dramatically reduce grain yield and quality due to mycotoxins contamination. Wheat resistance to FHB is quantitatively inherited and many low-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been mapped in the wheat genome. Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) represents a novel source of FHB resistance derived from Aegilops tauschii and Triticum turgidum that can be transferred into common wheat (T. aestivum). In this study, a panel of 194 spring Synthetic Hexaploid Derived Wheat (SHDW) lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was evaluated for FHB response under field conditions over three years (2017-2019). A significant phenotypic variation was found for disease incidence, severity, index, number of Fusarium Damaged Kernels (FDKs), and deoxynivalenol (DON) content. Further, 11 accessions displayed < 10 ppm DON in 2017 and 2019. Genotyping of the SHDW panel using a 90 K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip array revealed 31 K polymorphic SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 5%, which were used for a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) of FHB resistance. A total of 52 significant marker-trait associations for FHB resistance were identified. These included 5 for DON content, 13 for the percentage of FDKs, 11 for the FHB index, 3 for disease incidence, and 20 for disease severity. A survey of genes associated with the markers identified 395 candidate genes that may be involved in FHB resistance. Collectively, our results strongly support the view that utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat in wheat breeding would enhance diversity and introduce new sources of resistance against FHB into the common wheat gene pool. Further, validated SNP markers associated with FHB resistance may facilitate the screening of wheat populations for FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Serajazari
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Davoud Torkamaneh
- Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Emily Gordon
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lee
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Helen Booker
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Karl Peter Pauls
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alireza Navabi
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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22
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Liu N, Wei Z, Min X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Li J, Yang Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the SWEET Gene Family in Annual Alfalfa ( Medicago polymorpha). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1948. [PMID: 37653865 PMCID: PMC10222687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
SWEET (Sugars will eventually be exported transporter) proteins are a group of sugar transporters that are involved in sugar efflux, phloem loading, reproductive development, plant senescence, and stress responses. In this study, 23 SWEET transporter members were identified in the Medicago polymorpha genome, heterogeneously distributed on seven chromosomes. These MpSWEET genes were divided into four subfamilies, which showed similar gene structure and motif composition within the same subfamily. Seventeen MpSWEET genes encode seven transmembrane helices (TMHs), and all MpSWEET proteins possess conserved membrane domains and putative serine phosphorylation sites. Four and three pairs of MpSWEET genes were predicted to be segmentally and tandemly duplicated, respectively, which may have contributed to their evolution of M. polymorpha. The results of microarray and RNA-Seq data showed that some MpSWEET genes were specifically expressed in disparate developmental stages (including seedling stage, early flowering stage, and late flowering stage) or tissues such as flower and large pod. Based on protein network interaction and expression patterns of MpSWEET genes, six MpSWEET genes were selected for further quantitative real-time PCR validation in different stress treatments. qRT-PCR results showed that MpSWEET05, MpSWEET07, MpSWEET12, MpSWEET15, and MpSWEET21 were significantly upregulated for at least two of the three abiotic stress treatments. These findings provide new insights into the complex transcriptional regulation of MpSWEET genes, which facilitates future research to elucidate the function of MpSWEET genes in M. polymorpha and other legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenwu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Grassland Science, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xueyang Min
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Linghua Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiaqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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23
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Yang H, Li Y, Qiao Y, Sun H, Liu W, Qiao W, Li W, Liu M, Dong B. Low light stress promotes new tiller regeneration by changing source-sink relationship and activating expression of expansin genes in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1562-1581. [PMID: 36695201 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low light stress seriously decreased wheat grain number through the formation of aborted spike during the reproductive period and induced new tiller regeneration to offset the loss of grain number. However, the mechanism by which plants coordinate spike aborted growth and the regeneration of new tillers remains unknown. To better understand this coordinated process, morphological, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were performed under low light stress at the young microspore stage. Our findings indicated that leaves exhausted most stored carbohydrates in 1 day of darkness. However, spike and uppermost internode (UI) were converted from sink to source, due to increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased cytokinin content. During this process, genes encoding amylases, Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) and sucrose transporters or sucrose carriers (SUT/SUC) were upregulated in spike and UI, which degraded starch into soluble sugars and loaded them into the phloem. Subsequently, soluble sugars were transported to tiller node (TN) where cytokinin and auxin content increased and ABA content decreased, followed by unloading into TN cells by upregulated cell wall invertase (CWINV) genes and highly expressed H+ /hexose symporter genes. Finally, expansin genes integrated the sugar pathway and hormone pathway, and regulate the formation of new tillers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunzhou Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baodi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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24
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Filyushin MA, Anisimova OK, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ. Genome-Wide Identification, Expression, and Response to Fusarium Infection of the SWEET Gene Family in Garlic ( Allium sativum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087533. [PMID: 37108694 PMCID: PMC10138969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters) family play an important role in plant development, adaptation, and stress response by functioning as transmembrane uniporters of soluble sugars. However, the information on the SWEET family in the plants of the Allium genus, which includes many crop species, is lacking. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and identified 27 genes putatively encoding clade I-IV SWEET proteins. The promoters of the A. sativum (As) SWEET genes contained hormone- and stress-sensitive elements associated with plant response to phytopathogens. AsSWEET genes had distinct expression patterns in garlic organs. The expression levels and dynamics of clade III AsSWEET3, AsSWEET9, and AsSWEET11 genes significantly differed between Fusarium-resistant and -susceptible garlic cultivars subjected to F. proliferatum infection, suggesting the role of these genes in the garlic defense against the pathogen. Our results provide insights into the role of SWEET sugar uniporters in A. sativum and may be useful for breeding Fusarium-resistant Allium cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filyushin
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga K Anisimova
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Shchennikova
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Z Kochieva
- Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Zhang S, Wang H, Wang T, Liu W, Zhang J, Fang H, Zhang Z, Peng F, Chen X, Wang N. MdMYB305-MdbHLH33-MdMYB10 regulates sugar and anthocyanin balance in red-fleshed apple fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1062-1079. [PMID: 36606413 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and anthocyanin are important indicators of fruit quality, and understanding the mechanism underlying their accumulation is essential for breeding high-quality fruit. We identified an R2R3-MYB transcription factor MdMYB305 in the red-fleshed apple progeny, which was positively correlated with fruit sugar content but negatively correlated with anthocyanin content. Transient injection, stable expression [overexpressing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)], and heterologous transformation of tomato confirmed that MdMYB305 promotes the accumulation of sugar and inhibits the synthesis of anthocyanin. A series of molecular experiments (such as electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase assays) confirmed that MdMYB305 combines with sugar-related genes (MdCWI1/MdVGT3/MdTMT2) and anthocyanin-related genes (MdF3H/MdDFR/MdUFGT), promoting and inhibiting their activities, and finally regulating the sugar and anthocyanin content of fruits. In addition, the study also found that MdMYB305 competes with MdMYB10 for the MdbHLH33 binding site to balance sugar and anthocyanin accumulation in the fruits, which provides a reference value for exploring more functions of the MYB-bHLH-MYB complex and the balance relationship between sugar and anthocyanin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Futian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Sciences and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
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26
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Sinha MK, Aski MS, Mishra GP, Kumar MBA, Yadav PS, Tokas JP, Gupta S, Pratap A, Kumar S, Nair RM, Schafleitner R, Dikshit HK. Genome wide association analysis for grain micronutrients and anti-nutritional traits in mungbean [ Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] using SNP markers. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1099004. [PMID: 36824166 PMCID: PMC9941709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1099004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mungbean is an important food grain legume for human nutrition and nutritional food due to its nutrient-dense seed, liked palatability, and high digestibility. However, anti-nutritional factors pose a significant risk to improving nutritional quality for bio-fortification. In the present study, genetic architecture of grain micronutrients (grain iron and zinc concentration) and anti-nutritional factors (grain phytic acid and tannin content) in association mapping panel of 145 diverse mungbean were evaluated. Based on all four parameters genotypes PUSA 1333 and IPM 02-19 were observed as desired genotypes as they had high grain iron and zinc concentration but low grain phytic acid and tannin content. The next generation sequencing (NGS)-based genotyping by sequencing (GBS) identified 14,447 genome-wide SNPs in a diverse selected panel of 127 mungbean genotypes. Population admixture analysis revealed the presence of four different ancestries among the genotypes and LD decay of ∼57.6 kb kb physical distance was noted in mungbean chromosomes. Association mapping analysis revealed that a total of 20 significant SNPs were shared by both GLM and Blink models associated with grain micronutrient and anti-nutritional factor traits, with Blink model identifying 35 putative SNPs. Further, this study identified the 185 putative candidate genes. Including potential candidate genes Vradi07g30190, Vradi01g09630, and Vradi09g05450 were found to be associated with grain iron concentration, Vradi10g04830 with grain zinc concentration, Vradi08g09870 and Vradi01g11110 with grain phytic acid content and Vradi04g11580 and Vradi06g15090 with grain tannin content. Moreover, two genes Vradi07g15310 and Vradi09g05480 showed significant variation in protein structure between native and mutated versions. The identified SNPs and candidate genes are potential powerful tools to provide the essential information for genetic studies and marker-assisted breeding program for nutritional improvement in mungbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kumar Sinha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Muraleedhar S. Aski,
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,Gyan Prakash Mishra,
| | - M. B. Arun Kumar
- Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Prachi S. Yadav
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayanti P. Tokas
- Division of Biochemistry, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Krishi Bhavan, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Pratap
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR – Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research– Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India,Harsh Kumar Dikshit,
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27
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Zhou Y, Zhao D, Duan Y, Chen L, Fan H, Wang Y, Liu X, Chen LQ, Xuan Y, Zhu X. AtSWEET1 negatively regulates plant susceptibility to root-knot nematode disease. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1010348. [PMID: 36824200 PMCID: PMC9941640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is a pathogenic pest that causes severe economic loss to agricultural production by forming a parasitic relationship with its hosts. During the development of M. incognita in the host plant roots, giant cells are formed as a nutrient sink. However, the roles of sugar transporters during the giant cells gain sugar from the plant cells are needed to improve. Meanwhile, the eventual function of sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) in nematode-plant interactions remains unclear. In this study, the expression patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana SWEETs were examined by inoculation with M. incognita at 3 days post inoculation (dpi) (penetration stage) and 18 dpi (developing stage). We found that few AtSWEETs responded sensitively to M. incognita inoculation, with the highest induction of AtSWEET1 (AT1G21460), a glucose transporter gene. Histological analyses indicated that the β-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) signals were observed specifically in the galls of AtSWEET1-GUS and AtSWEET1-GFP transgenic plant roots, suggesting that AtSWEET1 was induced specifically in the galls. Genetic studies have shown that parasitism of M. incognita was significantly affected in atsweet1 compared to wild-type and complementation plants. In addition, parasitism of M. incognita was significantly affected in atsweet10 but not in atsweet13 and atsweet14, expression of which was induced by inoculation with M. incognita. Taken together, these data prove that SWEETs play important roles in plant and nematode interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxi Duan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Nematology Institute of Northern China, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
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28
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Srivastava R, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Cowpea NAC1/NAC2 transcription factors improve growth and tolerance to drought and heat in transgenic cowpea through combined activation of photosynthetic and antioxidant mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:25-44. [PMID: 36107155 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM/ATAF1/2/CUC2) transcription factors are central switches of growth and stress responses in plants. However, unpredictable interspecies conservation of function and regulatory targets makes the well-studied NAC orthologs inapt for pulse engineering. The knowledge of suitable NAC candidates in hardy pulses like cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is still in infancy, hence warrants immediate biotechnological intervention. Here, we showed that overexpression of two native NAC genes (VuNAC1 and VuNAC2) promoted germinative, vegetative, and reproductive growth and conferred multiple abiotic stress tolerance in a commercial cowpea variety. The transgenic lines displayed increased leaf area, thicker stem, nodule-rich denser root system, early flowering, higher pod production (∼3.2-fold and ∼2.1-fold), and greater seed weight (10.3% and 6.0%). In contrast, transient suppression of VuNAC1/2 caused severe growth retardation and flower inhibition. The overexpressor lines showed remarkable tolerance to major yield-declining terminal stresses, such as drought, salinity, heat, and cold, and recovered growth and seed production by boosting photosynthetic activity, water use efficiency, membrane integrity, Na+ /K+ homeostasis, and antioxidant activity. The comparative transcriptome study indicated consolidated activation of genes involved in chloroplast development, photosynthetic complexes, cell division and expansion, cell wall biogenesis, nutrient uptake and metabolism, stress response, abscisic acid, and auxin signaling. Unlike their orthologs, VuNAC1/2 direct synergistic transcriptional tuning of stress and developmental signaling to avoid unwanted trade-offs. Their overexpression governs the favorable interplay of photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species regulation to improve stress recovery, nutritional sufficiency, biomass, and production. This unconventional balance of strong stress tolerance and agronomic quality is useful for translational crop research and molecular breeding of pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193,, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193,, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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Fan XW, Sun JL, Cai Z, Zhang F, Li YZ, Palta JA. MeSWEET15a/b genes play a role in the resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) to water and salt stress by modulating sugar distribution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:394-405. [PMID: 36481708 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sugar transporter SWEET plays a role in plant growth, carbon allocation, and abiotic stress resistance. We examined the function of SWEET in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) under water and salt stress. Bioinformatics, subcellular localization, yeast deficient complementation, and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) were used to examine the function of SWEET in cassava. Twenty-eight MeSWEETs genes were found based on the conserved domain MtN3/saliva of SWEET transporters, two MeSWEET15a/b of them were identified by phylogenetic analysis, which were located on the cell membrane. They transfer sucrose, fructose, glucose, and mannitol from culture media to yeast cells, predominately transferring sucrose via bleeding fluid saps in plant. Leaf sucrose content was increased in MeSWEET15a/b-silenced cassava plants, resulting in changes in carbon distribution, with an increase in starch accumulation in the leaves and a decrease in starch accumulation in the roots. The silencing of MeSWEET15a/b genes led to tolerance to water and salt stress, consistent with a high accumulation of osmolytes, and low lipid membrane peroxidation. Changes in sugar distribution increased the expression of MeTOR and MeE2Fa in pTRV2-MeSWEET15a and pTRV2-MeSWEET15b cassava leaves. MeSWEET15a/b acts as pivotal modulators of sugar distribution and tolerance to water and high salt stress in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Jin-Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - You-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jairo A Palta
- CSIRO, Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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LoSWEET14, a Sugar Transporter in Lily, Is Regulated by Transcription Factor LoABF2 to Participate in the ABA Signaling Pathway and Enhance Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315093. [PMID: 36499419 PMCID: PMC9739489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar transport and distribution plays an important role in lily bulb development and resistance to abiotic stresses. In this study, a member of the Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) gene family, LoSWEET14, from Oriental hybrid lily 'Sorbonne' was identified. LoSWEET14 encodes a protein of 278 amino acids and is capable of transporting sucrose and some types of hexoses. The transcript level of the LoSWEET14 gene was significantly increased under various stress conditions including drought, cold, salt stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Overexpression of LoSWEET14 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that the transgenic lines had larger leaves, accumulated more soluble sugars, and were more resistant to drought, cold, and salt stresses, while becoming more sensitive to ABA compared with wild-type lines. Promoter analysis revealed that multiple stress-related cis-acting elements were found in the promoter of LoSWEET14. According to the distribution of cis-acting elements, different lengths of 5'-deletion fragments were constructed and the LoSWEET14-pro3(-540 bp) was found to be able to drive GUS gene expression in response to abiotic stresses and ABA treatment. Furthermore, a yeast one hybrid (Y1H) assay proved that the AREB/ABF (ABRE-binding protein/ABRE-binding factor) from lilies (LoABF2) could bind to the promoter of LoSWEET14. These findings indicated that LoSWEET14 is induced by LoABF2 to participate in the ABA signaling pathway to promote soluble sugar accumulation in response to multiple abiotic stresses.
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Wang J, Wang A, Luo Q, Hu Z, Ma Q, Li Y, Lin T, Liang X, Yu J, Foyer CH, Shi K. Glucose sensing by regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1) plays a crucial role in coordinating defense in response to environmental variation in tomato. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:561-575. [PMID: 35789001 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low light intensities affect the outbreak of plant diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) revealed that apoplastic glucose (Glc) levels decreased in response to low light. Conversely, low-light-induced susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst) DC3000 was significantly alleviated by exogenous Glc treatment. Using cell-based biolayer interferometry assays, we found that Glc specifically binds to the tomato regulator of G protein signaling 1 (RGS1). Laser scanning confocal microscopy imaging revealed that Glc triggers RGS1 endocytosis, which influences the uncoupling of the RGS1-Gα (GPA1) and GPA1-Gβ (SlGB1) proteins, in a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Analysis of G protein single and double mutants revealed that RGS1 negatively regulates disease resistance under low light and is required for Glc-enhanced defense. Downstream of RGS1-Glc binding, GPA1 negatively mediates the light-intensity-regulated defense, whereas SlGB1 positively regulates this process. These results reveal a novel light-intensity-responsive defense system that is mediated by a Glc-RGS1-G protein signaling pathway. This information will be critical for future investigations of how plant cells sense extracellular sugars and adjust defense under different environments, as well as for genetic engineering approaches to improve stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anran Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhangjian Hu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Ma
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Teng Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Insitute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Hainan Insitute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Dong Y, Aref R, Forieri I, Schiel D, Leemhuis W, Meyer C, Hell R, Wirtz M. The plant TOR kinase tunes autophagy and meristem activity for nutrient stress-induced developmental plasticity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3814-3829. [PMID: 35792878 PMCID: PMC9516127 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plants, unlike animals, respond to environmental challenges with comprehensive developmental transitions that allow them to cope with these stresses. Here we discovered that antagonistic activation of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase in Arabidopsis thaliana roots and shoots is essential for the nutrient deprivation-induced increase in the root-to-shoot ratio to improve foraging for mineral ions. We demonstrate that sulfate limitation-induced downregulation of TOR in shoots activates autophagy, resulting in enhanced carbon allocation to the root. The allocation of carbon to the roots is facilitated by the specific upregulation of the sucrose-transporter genes SWEET11/12 in shoots. SWEET11/12 activation is indispensable for enabling sucrose to act as a carbon source for growth and as a signal for tuning root apical meristem activity via glucose-TOR signaling. The sugar-stimulated TOR activity in the root suppresses autophagy and maintains root apical meristem activity to support root growth to enhance mining for new sulfate resources in the soil. We provide direct evidence that the organ-specific regulation of autophagy is essential for the increased root-to-shoot ratio in response to sulfur limitation. These findings uncover how sulfur limitation controls the central sensor kinase TOR to enable nutrient recycling for stress-induced morphological adaptation of the plant body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Dong
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rasha Aref
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilaria Forieri
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Schiel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Leemhuis
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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Yin Y, Xie X, Zhou L, Yin X, Guo S, Zhou X, Li Q, Shi X, Peng C, Gao J. A chromosome-scale genome assembly of turmeric provides insights into curcumin biosynthesis and tuber formation mechanism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1003835. [PMID: 36226278 PMCID: PMC9549246 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1003835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa, known as the 'golden spice' and 'life spice', is one of the most commonly utilized spices in the world and also has medicinal, cosmetic, dye and flavoring values. Herein, we present the chromosomal-level genome for turmeric to explore the differences between tubers and rhizomes in the regulation of curcumin biosynthesis and the mechanism of tuber formation. We assembled the turmeric genome into 21 pseudochromosomes using Pacbio long reads complemented with Hi-C technologies, which has a total length of 1.11 Gb with scaffold N50 of 50.12 Mb and contains 49,612 protein-coding genes. Genomic evolutionary analysis indicated that turmeric and ginger have shared a recent WGD event. Contraction analysis of gene families showed possible roles for transcription factors, phytohormone signaling, and plant-pathogen interactions associated genes in adaptation to harsh environments. Transcriptomic data from tubers at different developmental stages indicated that candidate genes related to phytohormone signaling and carbohydrate metabolic responses may be associated with the induction of tuber formation. The difference in curcumin content between rhizomes and tubers reflected the remodeling of secondary metabolites under environmental stress, which was associated with plant defense in response to abiotic stresses. Overall, the availability of the C. longa genome provides insight into tuber formation and curcumin biosynthesis in turmeric as well as facilitating the understanding of other Curcuma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Luojing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianmei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjian Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingmiao Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jihai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Zhu J, Zhou L, Li T, Ruan Y, Zhang A, Dong X, Zhu Y, Li C, Fan J. Genome-Wide Investigation and Characterization of SWEET Gene Family with Focus on Their Evolution and Expression during Hormone and Abiotic Stress Response in Maize. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101682. [PMID: 36292567 PMCID: PMC9601529 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET) family is an important group of transport carriers for carbon partitioning in plants and has important functions in growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. Although the SWEET family is an important sugar transporter, little is known of the functions of the SWEET family in maize (Zea mays), especially in response to abiotic stresses. To further explore the response pattern of maize SWEET to abiotic stress, a bioinformatics-based approach was used to predict and identify the maize SWEET gene (ZmSWEET) family. Twenty-four ZmSWEET genes were identified using the MaizeGDB database. Phylogenetic analysis resolved these twenty-four genes into four clades. One tandem and five segmental duplication events were identified, which played a major role in ZmSWEET family expansion. Synteny analysis provided insight into the evolutionary characteristics of the ZmSWEET genes with those of three graminaceous crop species. A heatmap showed that most ZmSWEET genes responded to at least one type of abiotic stress. By an abscisic acid signaling pathway, among which five genes were significantly induced under NaCl treatment, eight were obviously up-regulated under PEG treatment and five were up-regulated under Cd stress, revealing their potential functions in response to abiotic stress. These findings will help to explain the evolutionary links of the ZmSWEET family and contribute to future studies on the functional characteristics of ZmSWEET genes, and then improve abiotic stress tolerance in maize through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tianfeng Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanshu Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Cong Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.F.)
| | - Jinjuan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Maize Genomic Selection Breeding, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (J.F.)
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Cardoso JLS, Souza AA, Vieira MLC. Molecular basis for host responses to Xanthomonas infection. PLANTA 2022; 256:84. [PMID: 36114308 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the most relevant and recent updated information available on the defense responses of selected hosts against Xanthomonas spp. Xanthomonas is one of the most important genera of Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, severely affecting the productivity of economically important crops worldwide, colonizing either the vascular system or the mesophyll tissue of the host. Due to its rapid propagation, Xanthomonas poses an enormous challenge to farmers, because it is usually controlled using huge quantities of copper-based chemicals, adversely impacting the environment. Thus, developing new ways of preventing colonization by these bacteria has become essential. Advances in genomic and transcriptomic technologies have significantly elucidated at molecular level interactions between various crops and Xanthomonas species. Understanding how these hosts respond to the infection is crucial if we are to exploit potential approaches for improving crop breeding and cutting productivity losses. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the defense response mechanisms in agricultural crops after Xanthomonas infection. We describe the molecular basis of host-bacterium interactions over a broad spectrum with the aim of improving our fundamental understanding of which genes are involved and how they work in this interaction, providing information that can help to speed up plant breeding programs, namely using gene editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica L S Cardoso
- Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra A Souza
- Citrus Research Center "Sylvio Moreira", Agronomic Institute (IAC), Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia C Vieira
- Genetics Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Kumari D, Prasad BD, Dwivedi P, Hidangmayum A, Sahni S. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing tools and their possible role in disease resistance mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11587-11600. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wei X, Huang Y, Nguyen STT, Collings DA, McCurdy DW. Asymmetric wall ingrowth deposition in Arabidopsis phloem parenchyma transfer cells is tightly associated with sieve elements. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5414-5427. [PMID: 35609084 PMCID: PMC9467654 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, polarized deposition of wall ingrowths in phloem parenchyma (PP) transfer cells (TCs) occurs adjacent to cells of the sieve element/companion cell (SE/CC) complex. However, the spatial relationships between these different cell types in minor veins, where phloem loading occurs, are poorly understood. PP TC development and wall ingrowth localization were compared with those of other phloem cells in leaves of Col-0 and the transgenic lines AtSUC2::AtSTP9-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and AtSWEET11::AtSWEET11-GFP that identify CCs and PP cells, respectively. The development of PP TCs in minor veins, indicated by deposition of wall ingrowths, proceeded basipetally in leaves. However, not all PP cells develop wall ingrowths, and higher levels of deposition occur in abaxial- compared with adaxial-positioned PP TCs. Furthermore, the deposition of wall ingrowths was exclusively initiated on and preferentially covered the PP TC/SE interface, rather than the PP TC/CC interface, and only occurred in PP cells that were adjacent to SEs. Collectively, these results demonstrate a tight association between SEs and wall ingrowth deposition in PP TCs and suggest the existence of two subtypes of PP cells in leaf minor veins. Compared with PP cells, PP TCs showed more abundant accumulation of AtSWEET11-GFP, indicating functional differences in phloem loading between PP and PP TCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wei
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
| | - Suong T T Nguyen
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
| | - David A Collings
- Centre for Plant Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callahan NSW 2308, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
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Liu Z, Fan H, Ma Z. Comparison of SWEET gene family between maize and foxtail millet through genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20226. [PMID: 35713030 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] does not show high yield and biomass compared with maize (Zea mays L.) although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity. Because SWEET genes, which are important for sugar transport in plants, play critical roles in biomass production and seed filling in crops, genome-wide, transcriptomic, and proteomic comparison on SWEET gene family between these two species would provide some clues for unlocking this issue. In our study, 24 SWEET genes were identified in foxtail millet and maize. Sequence-based bioinformatics combined with gene expression analyses identified several candidate functional orthologs in these two species. A comparative analysis on expression characteristics of SWEET genes and proteins between maize and foxtail millet indicate that not only some critical major SWEET proteins show significant upregulation in maize compared with their orthologs in foxtail millet, but also there are more quantities of maize SWEET genes showing high expressions than that of foxtail millet genes, suggesting that compared with foxtail millet, maize possesses higher capacity of sugar transport, the crucial determinant for crop yield and biomass. These results provide a basis on revealing why foxtail millet exhibits low yield and biomass although it is a C4 crop with the potential for high productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural Univ., Baoding, Hebei, 071001, People's Republic of China
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De La Fuente L, Merfa MV, Cobine PA, Coleman JJ. Pathogen Adaptation to the Xylem Environment. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:163-186. [PMID: 35472277 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021021-041716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A group of aggressive pathogens have evolved to colonize the plant xylem. In this vascular tissue, where water and nutrients are transported from the roots to the rest of the plant, pathogens must be able to thrive under acropetal xylem sap flow and scarcity of nutrients while having direct contact only with predominantly dead cells. Nevertheless, a few bacteria have adapted to exclusively live in the xylem, and various pathogens may colonize other plant niches without causing symptoms unless they reach the xylem. Once established, the pathogens modulate its physicochemical conditions to enhance their growth and virulence. Adaptation to the restrictive lifestyle of the xylem leads to genome reduction in xylem-restricted bacteria, as they have a higher proportion of pseudogenes in their genome. The basis of xylem adaptation is not completely understood; therefore, a need still exists for model systems to advance the knowledge on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo De La Fuente
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA;
| | - Marcus V Merfa
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA;
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Coleman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA;
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40
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Characterization of the SWEET Gene Family in Longan (Dimocarpus longan) and the Role of DlSWEET1 in Cold Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168914. [PMID: 36012186 PMCID: PMC9408694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEET), a group of relatively novel sugar transporters, that play important roles in phloem loading, seed and fruit development, pollen development, and stress response in plants. Longan (Dimocarpus longan), a subtropic fruit tree with high economic value, is sensitive to cold. However, whether the SWEET gene family plays a role in conferring cold tolerance upon longan remains unknown. Here, a total of 20 longan SWEET (DlSWEET) genes were identified, and their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, cis-acting elements, and tissue-specific expression patterns were systematically analyzed. This family is divided into four clades. Gene structures and motifs analyses indicated that the majority of DlSWEETs in each clade shared similar exon–intron organization and conserved motifs. Tissue-specific gene expression suggested diverse possible functions for DlSWEET genes. Cis-elements analysis and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that DlSWEET1 responded to cold stress. Notably, the overexpression of DlSWEET1 improved cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that DlSWEET1 might play a positive role in D. longan’s responses to cold stress. Together, these results contribute to a better understanding of SWEET genes, which could serve as a foundation for the further functional identification of these genes.
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Ishihara H, Alseekh S, Feil R, Perera P, George GM, Niedźwiecki P, Arrivault S, Zeeman SC, Fernie AR, Lunn JE, Smith AM, Stitt M. Rising rates of starch degradation during daytime and trehalose 6-phosphate optimize carbon availability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1976-2000. [PMID: 35486376 PMCID: PMC9342969 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Many plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), accumulate starch in the light and remobilize it to support maintenance and growth at night. Starch synthesis and degradation are usually viewed as temporally separate processes. Recently, we reported that starch is also degraded in the light. Degradation rates are generally low early in the day but rise with time. Here, we show that the rate of degradation in the light depends on time relative to dawn rather than dusk. We also show that degradation in the light is inhibited by trehalose 6-phosphate, a signal for sucrose availability. The observed responses of degradation in the light can be simulated by a skeletal model in which the rate of degradation is a function of starch content divided by time remaining until dawn. The fit is improved by extension to include feedback inhibition of starch degradation by trehalose 6-phosphate. We also investigate possible functions of simultaneous starch synthesis and degradation in the light, using empirically parameterized models and experimental approaches. The idea that this cycle buffers growth against falling rates of photosynthesis at twilight is supported by data showing that rates of protein and cell wall synthesis remain high during a simulated dusk twilight. Degradation of starch in the light may also counter over-accumulation of starch in long photoperiods and stabilize signaling around dusk. We conclude that starch degradation in the light is regulated by mechanisms similar to those that operate at night and is important for stabilizing carbon availability and signaling, thus optimizing growth in natural light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Pumi Perera
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gavin M George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Niedźwiecki
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Stephanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | - Alison M Smith
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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Hua X, Shen Q, Li Y, Zhou D, Zhang Z, Akbar S, Wang Z, Zhang J. Functional characterization and analysis of transcriptional regulation of sugar transporter SWEET13c in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:363. [PMID: 35869432 PMCID: PMC9308298 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar production worldwide. The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are a group of sugar transporters recently identified in sugarcane. In Saccharum spontaneum, SsSWEET13c played a role in the sucrose transportation from the source to the sink tissues, which was found to be mainly active in the mature leaf. However, the function and regulation of SWEETs in sugarcane remain elusive despite extensive studies performed on sugar metabolism. RESULTS In this study, we showed that SsSWEET13c is a member of SWEET gene family in S. spontaneum, constituting highest circadian rhythm-dependent expression. It is a functional gene that facilitates plant root elongation and increase fresh weight of Arabidopsis thaliana, when overexpressed. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid assays indicate that 20 potential transcription factors (TFs) could bind to the SsSWEET13c promoter in S. spontaneum. We combined transcriptome data from developmental gradient leaf with distinct times during circadian cycles and stems/leaves at different growth stages. We have uncovered that 14 out of 20 TFs exhibited positive/negative gene expression patterns relative to SsSWEET13c. In the source tissues, SsSWEET13c was mainly positively regulated by SsbHLH34, SsTFIIIA-a, SsMYR2, SsRAP2.4 and SsbHLH035, while negatively regulated by SsABS5, SsTFIIIA-b and SsERF4. During the circadian rhythm, it was noticed that SsSWEET13c was more active in the morning than in the afternoon. It was likely due to the high level of sugar accumulation at night, which was negatively regulated by SsbZIP44, and positively regulated by SsbHLH34. Furthermore, in the sink tissues, SsSWEET13c was also active for sugar accumulation, which was positively regulated by SsbZIP44, SsTFIIIA-b, SsbHLH34 and SsTFIIIA-a, and negatively regulated by SsERF4, SsHB36, SsDEL1 and SsABS5. Our results were further supported by one-to-one yeast hybridization assay which verified that 12 potential TFs could bind to the promoter of SsSWEET13c. CONCLUSIONS A module of the regulatory network was proposed for the SsSWEET13c in the developmental gradient of leaf and circadian rhythm in S. spontaneum. These results provide a novel understanding of the function and regulation of SWEET13c during the sugar transport and biomass production in S. spontaneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiaochu Shen
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Jisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Effects of the Source–Sink Relationship on Walnut Nut Quality at the Scale of the Fruit–Bearing Branch. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fruit quality is known to be regulated by the balance between leaf number/area and fruit number, but less is known about the effects of fruit–bearing branch agronomic traits, particularly for walnuts (Juglans regia L.). We assessed nut quality, physiological and biochemical indexes of leaves, and microstructure of leaves and fruit stalks at various leaf–to–fruit ratios to gain insight into the relationships between branch agronomic traits and nut quality, to identify those traits that made a better contribution to nut quality and to find out the range of the leaf–to–fruit ratio and the object of fruit to be removed for thinning. We found that the top fruit on the fruit stalk had a higher longitudinal diameter and kernel weight than the bottom at the low leaf–to–fruit level, and branches with more pinnate compound leaves had a better capacity for carbohydrate assimilation and transportation to produce better quality fruits. Specifically, with the increasing leaf number, the branch diameter, total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, fruit weight, fruit diameters, and kernel protein content also increased. Moreover, at the microscopic level, the fruit stalk vascular bundle, leaf thickness, palisade mesophyll thickness, and ratios of palisade mesophyll to spongy mesophyll thickness in the leaf also showed the same trend. Therefore, when the ratio of leaf area to the fruit number was less than 181.5 square centimeters per fruit on the branches, reducing the fruit number could improve the size and the crude fat content of fruits. While the ratio was more than 247.8 square centimeters per fruit, the fruit number had no significant effect on fruit quality, but increasing leaf area and branch diameter could improve the fruit size and yield.
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Adam CA, Anghel R, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Mitu F. Impact of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors on Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Aging-What Do We Know So Far? (A Narrative Review). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:803. [PMID: 35743834 PMCID: PMC9224553 DOI: 10.3390/life12060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging, early vascular aging or supernormal vascular aging are concepts used for estimating the cardiovascular risk at a certain age. From the famous line of Thomas Sydenham that "a man is as old as his arteries" to the present day, clinical studies in the field of molecular biology of the vasculature have demonstrated the active role of vascular endothelium in the onset of cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness is an important cardiovascular risk factor associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events and a high risk of morbidity and mortality, especially in the presence of diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors decrease arterial stiffness and vascular resistance by decreasing endothelial cell activation, stimulating direct vasorelaxation and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction or expression of pro-atherogenic cells and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Razvan Anghel
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr. 14, 700661 Iaşi, Romania; (C.A.A.); (R.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, University Street nr. 16, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
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Li MW, Lam HM. Genomic Studies of Plant-Environment Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115871. [PMID: 35682550 PMCID: PMC9180848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
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Xue X, Wang J, Shukla D, Cheung LS, Chen LQ. When SWEETs Turn Tweens: Updates and Perspectives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:379-403. [PMID: 34910586 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070621-093907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugar translocation between cells and between subcellular compartments in plants requires either plasmodesmata or a diverse array of sugar transporters. Interactions between plants and associated microorganisms also depend on sugar transporters. The sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is made up of conserved and essential transporters involved in many critical biological processes. The functional significance and small size of these proteins have motivated crystallographers to successfully capture several structures of SWEETs and their bacterial homologs in different conformations. These studies together with molecular dynamics simulations have provided unprecedented insights into sugar transport mechanisms in general and into substrate recognition of glucose and sucrose in particular. This review summarizes our current understanding of the SWEET family, from the atomic to the whole-plant level. We cover methods used for their characterization, theories about their evolutionary origins, biochemical properties, physiological functions, and regulation. We also include perspectives on the future work needed to translate basic research into higher crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Xue
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lily S Cheung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
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Sugar Transporters in Plasmodiophora brassicae: Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Verification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095264. [PMID: 35563657 PMCID: PMC9099952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate intracellular pathogen, can hijack the host’s carbohydrates for survival. When the host plant is infected by P. brassicae, a large amount of soluble sugar accumulates in the roots, especially glucose, which probably facilitates the development of this pathogen. Although a complete glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle existed in P. brassicae, very little information about the hexose transport system has been reported. In this study, we screened 17 putative sugar transporters based on information about their typical domains. The structure of these transporters showed a lot of variation compared with that of other organisms, especially the number of transmembrane helices (TMHs). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these sugar transporters were far from the evolutionary relationship of other organisms and were unique in P. brassicae. The hexose transport activity assay indicated that eight transporters transported glucose or fructose and could restore the growth of yeast strain EBY.VW4000, which was deficient in hexose transport. The expression level of these glucose transporters was significantly upregulated at the late inoculation time when resting spores and galls were developing and a large amount of energy was needed. Our study provides new insights into the mechanism of P. brassicae survival in host cells by hijacking and utilizing the carbohydrates of the host.
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Wen Z, Li M, Meng J, Li P, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Sun L. Genome-wide identification of the SWEET gene family mediating the cold stress response in Prunus mume. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13273. [PMID: 35529486 PMCID: PMC9074862 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) gene family encodes a family of sugar transporters that play essential roles in plant growth, reproduction, and biotic and abiotic stresses. Prunus mume is a considerable ornamental wood plant with high edible and medicinal values; however, its lack of tolerance to low temperature has severely limited its geographical distribution. To investigate whether this gene family mediates the response of P. mume to cold stress, we identified that the P. mume gene family consists of 17 members and divided the family members into four groups. Sixteen of these genes were anchored on six chromosomes, and one gene was anchored on the scaffold with four pairs of segmental gene duplications and two pairs of tandem gene duplications. Cis-acting regulatory element analysis indicated that the PmSWEET genes are potentially involved in P. mume development, including potentially regulating roles in procedure, such as circadian control, abscisic acid-response and light-response, and responses to numerous stresses, such as low-temperature and drought. We performed low-temperature treatment in the cold-tolerant cultivar 'Songchun' and cold-sensitive cultivar 'Zaolve' and found that the expression of four of 17 PmSWEETs was either upregulated or downregulated with prolonged treatment times. This finding indicates that these family members may potentially play a role in cold stress responses in P. mume. Our study provides a basis for further investigation of the role of SWEET proteins in the development of P. mume and its responses to cold stress.
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Morin A, Maurousset L, Vriet C, Lemoine R, Doidy J, Pourtau N. Carbon fluxes and environmental interactions during legume development, with a specific focus on Pisum sativum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13729. [PMID: 35662039 PMCID: PMC9328368 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes are major food crops cultivated worldwide for their seeds with high nutritional content. To answer the growing concern about food safety and protein autonomy, legume cultivation must increase in the coming years. In parallel, current agricultural practices are facing environmental challenges, including global temperature increase and more frequent and severe episodes of drought stress. Crop yield directly relies on carbon allocation and is particularly affected by these global changes. We review the current knowledge on source-sink relationships and carbon resource allocation at all developmental stages, from germination to vegetative growth and seed production in grain legumes, focusing on pea (Pisum sativum). We also discuss how these source-sink relationships and carbon fluxes are influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Major agronomic traits, including seed yield and quality, are particularly impacted by drought, temperatures, salinity, waterlogging, or pathogens and can be improved through the promotion of beneficial soil microorganisms or through optimized plant carbon resource allocation. Altogether, our review highlights the need for a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating carbon fluxes from source leaves to sink organs, roots, and seeds. These advancements will further improve our understanding of yield stability and stress tolerance and contribute to the selection of climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Morin
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Laurence Maurousset
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Cécile Vriet
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Rémi Lemoine
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Joan Doidy
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
| | - Nathalie Pourtau
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267, EBI "Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions"PoitiersFrance
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Tang F, Gao X, Peng J. The dynamics of carbohydrate and associated gene expression in the stems and roots of upland cotton (Gossypiumhirsutum L.) during carbon remobilization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 178:125-136. [PMID: 35298944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates remobilization in non-leaf organs has a potential association with the formation of cotton yield. However, our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating carbon remobilization during flowering is still limited. The objectives of the study were to: i) evaluate the potential of carbohydrate remobilization in stems and roots to yield formation; ii) unravel the carbon metabolism and transport associated gene expression patterns regulating carbon remobilization. Two cotton lines 4003-6 and 4003-10 were employed to examine leaf photosynthesis, reproductive biomass accumulation, and carbon dynamics in stems and roots during reproductive growth. The results showed that decreasing leaf photosynthetic capacity combined with rapidly increasing reproductive biomass and leaf area index is accompanied by the initiation of carbohydrate remobilization during first flowering to peak flowering. The proportion of sucrose to total nonstructural carbohydrate was also decreased at that period. The upper and lower of stem recorded higher soluble sugars and starch concentrations, respectively compared to the two others. The gross contribution rate of carbon remobilization to seed cotton yield ranged from 2.83% to 7.12%. Key genes and sugar transporters related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the lower stem exhibited significant up- or down-regulated expressions indicating their important roles in carbon reserves remobilization. Three pivotal sugar transporters SWEET1, TMT2, and ERLD5 presented higher transcript levels at peak flowering suggesting more active sugar movement occurring at that stage. The present study provides potential target genes for engineering carbohydrate metabolism and transport to improve the remobilization efficiency of nonstructural carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Jinjian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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