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Qin L, Deng YN, Zhang XY, Tang LH, Zhang CR, Xu SM, Wang K, Wang MH, Zhang XH, Su M, Xie Q, Hendrickson WA, Chen YH. Mechanistic insights into phosphoactivation of SLAC1 in guard cell signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2323040121. [PMID: 38985761 PMCID: PMC11260165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2323040121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata in leaves regulate gas (carbon dioxide and water vapor) exchange and water transpiration between plants and the atmosphere. SLow Anion Channel 1 (SLAC1) mediates anion efflux from guard cells and plays a crucial role in controlling stomatal aperture. It serves as a central hub for multiple signaling pathways in response to environmental stimuli, with its activity regulated through phosphorylation via various plant protein kinases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying SLAC1 phosphoactivation has remained elusive. Through a combination of protein sequence analyses, AlphaFold-based modeling and electrophysiological studies, we unveiled that the highly conserved motifs on the N- and C-terminal segments of SLAC1 form a cytosolic regulatory domain (CRD) that interacts with the transmembrane domain(TMD), thereby maintaining the channel in an autoinhibited state. Mutations in these conserved motifs destabilize the CRD, releasing autoinhibition in SLAC1 and enabling its transition into an activated state. Our further studies demonstrated that SLAC1 activation undergoes an autoinhibition-release process and subsequent structural changes in the pore helices. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation mechanism of SLAC1 and shed light on understanding how SLAC1 controls stomatal closure in response to environmental stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ya-nan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xiang-yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ling-hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Chun-rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Shi-min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Mei-hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Xian-hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Qi Xie
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Maize, State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Syngenta Group China, Beijing102206, China
| | - Wayne A. Hendrickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY10032
| | - Yu-hang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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Liu F, Liu Q, Wu JH, Wang ZQ, Geng YJ, Li J, Zhang Y, Li S. Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase 8 and its functional homolog in tomato negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal movement and drought tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2396-2409. [PMID: 38516697 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is critical for water transpiration, gas exchange, and responses to biotic stresses. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure to prevent water loss during drought. We report that Arabidopsis CIPK8 negatively regulates ABA-mediated stomatal closure and drought tolerance. CIPK8 is highly enriched in guard cells and transcriptionally induced by ABA. Functional loss of CIPK8 results in hypersensitive stomatal closure to ABA and enhanced drought tolerance. Guard cell-specific downregulation of CIPK8 mimics the phenotype of cipk8 whereas guard cell-specific expression of a constitutive active CIPK8 (CIPK8CA) has an opposite effect, suggesting a cell autonomous activity of CIPK8. CIPK8 physically interacts with CBL1 and CBL9. Functional loss of CBL1 and CBL9 mimics ABA-hypersensitive stomatal closure of cipk8 whereas abolishes the effect of CIPK8CA, indicating that CIPK8 and CBL1/CBL9 form a genetic module in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. SlCIPK7, the functional homolog of CIPK8 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), plays a similar role in ABA-responsive stomatal movement. Genomic editing of SlCIPK7 results in more drought-tolerant tomato, making it a good candidate for germplasm improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ju-Hua Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zong-Qi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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Tcherkez G, Abadie C, Dourmap C, Lalande J, Limami AM. Leaf day respiration: More than just catabolic CO 2 production in the light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2631-2639. [PMID: 38528759 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Summary statementDay respiration is a net flux resulting from several CO2‐generating and CO2‐fixing reactions, not only related to catabolism but also to anabolism. We review pieces of evidence that decarboxylating reactions are partly fed by carbon sources disconnected from current photosynthesis and how they reflect various metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tcherkez
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
- Research school of biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cyril Abadie
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
- Ecophysiologie et génomique fonctionnelle de la vigne, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, INRAe, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave-d'Ornon, France
| | - Corentin Dourmap
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Julie Lalande
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- Institut de recherche en horticulture et semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, Beaucouzé, France
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Paul M, Dalal A, Jääskeläinen M, Moshelion M, Schulman AH. Precision phenotyping of a barley diversity set reveals distinct drought response strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393991. [PMID: 38984164 PMCID: PMC11231632 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an array of drought responses and adaptations, where the trade-off between water loss and CO2 uptake for growth is mediated by regulation of stomatal aperture in response to soil water content (SWC), among other factors. For crop yield stability, the question is how drought timing and response patterns relate to post-drought growth resilience and vigor. We earlier identified, in a few reference varieties of barley that differed by the SWC at which transpiration was curtailed, two divergent water use strategies: water-saving ("isohydric") and water-spending ("anisohydric"). We proposed that an isohydric strategy may reduce risk from spring droughts in climates where the probability of precipitation increases during the growing season, whereas the anisohydric is consistent with environments having terminal droughts, or with those where dry periods are short and not seasonally progressive. Here, we have examined drought response physiology in an 81-line barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) diversity set that spans 20th century European breeding and identified several lines with a third, dynamic strategy. We found a strong positive correlation between vigor and transpiration, the dynamic group being highest for both. However, these lines curtailed daily transpiration at a higher SWC than the isohydric group. While the dynamic lines, particularly cv Hydrogen and Baronesse, were not the most resilient in terms of restoring initial growth rates, their strong initial vigor and high return to initial transpiration rates meant that their growth nevertheless surpassed more resilient lines during recovery from drought. The results will be of use for defining barley physiological ideotypes suited to future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitry Paul
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahan Dalal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marko Jääskeläinen
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alan H. Schulman
- HiLIFE Institute of Biotechnology and Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Yu R, Hou Q, Deng H, Xiao L, Cai X, Shang C, Qiao G. Overexpression of PavHIPP16 from Prunus avium enhances cold stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:536. [PMID: 38862890 PMCID: PMC11167810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP) is an important regulatory element in response to abiotic stresses, especially playing a key role in low-temperature response. RESULTS This study investigated the potential function of PavHIPP16 up-regulated in sweet cherry under cold stress by heterologous overexpression in tobacco. The results showed that the overexpression (OE) lines' growth state was better than wild type (WT), and the germination rate, root length, and fresh weight of OE lines were significantly higher than those of WT. In addition, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the OE of tobacco under low-temperature treatment were substantially lower than those of WT. In contrast, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher than those of WT. Yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H) and luciferase complementation assay verified the interactions between PavbHLH106 and PavHIPP16, suggesting that these two proteins co-regulated the cold tolerance mechanism in plants. The research results indicated that the transgenic lines could perform better under low-temperature stress by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activity and osmoregulatory substance content of the transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS This study provides genetic resources for analyzing the biological functions of PavHIPPs, which is important for elucidating the mechanisms of cold resistance in sweet cherry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Rui M, Chen R, Jing Y, Wu F, Chen ZH, Tissue D, Jiang H, Wang Y. Guard cell and subsidiary cell sizes are key determinants for stomatal kinetics and drought adaptation in cereal crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2479-2494. [PMID: 38622763 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-induced drought is a major threat to agriculture. C4 crops have a higher water use efficiency (WUE) and better adaptability to drought than C3 crops due to their smaller stomatal morphology and faster response. However, our understanding of stomatal behaviours in both C3 and C4 Poaceae crops is limited by knowledge gaps in physical traits of guard cell (GC) and subsidiary cell (SC). We employed infrared gas exchange analysis and a stomatal assay to explore the relationship between GC/SC sizes and stomatal kinetics across diverse drought conditions in two C3 (wheat and barley) and three C4 (maize, sorghum and foxtail millet) upland Poaceae crops. Through statistical analyses, we proposed a GCSC-τ model to demonstrate how morphological differences affect stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops. Our findings reveal that morphological variations specifically correlate with stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops, but not in C3 ones. Subsequent modelling and experimental validation provide further evidence that GC/SC sizes significantly impact stomatal kinetics, which affects stomatal responses to different drought conditions and thereby WUE in C4 Poaceae crops. These findings emphasize the crucial advantage of GC/SC morphological characteristics and stomatal kinetics for the drought adaptability of C4 Poaceae crops, highlighting their potential as future climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongjia Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Jing
- BGI-Sanya, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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7
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Rovira A, Veciana N, Basté-Miquel A, Quevedo M, Locascio A, Yenush L, Toledo-Ortiz G, Leivar P, Monte E. PIF transcriptional regulators are required for rhythmic stomatal movements. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4540. [PMID: 38811542 PMCID: PMC11137129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata govern the gaseous exchange between the leaf and the external atmosphere, and their function is essential for photosynthesis and the global carbon and oxygen cycles. Rhythmic stomata movements in daily dark/light cycles prevent water loss at night and allow CO2 uptake during the day. How the actors involved are transcriptionally regulated and how this might contribute to rhythmicity is largely unknown. Here, we show that morning stomata opening depends on the previous night period. The transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) accumulate at the end of the night and directly induce the guard cell-specific K+ channel KAT1. Remarkably, PIFs and KAT1 are required for blue light-induced stomata opening. Together, our data establish a molecular framework for daily rhythmic stomatal movements under well-watered conditions, whereby PIFs are required for accumulation of KAT1 at night, which upon activation by blue light in the morning leads to the K+ intake driving stomata opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rovira
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Veciana
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Basté-Miquel
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Quevedo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Locascio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
- Department of biomedical science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Toledo-Ortiz
- James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences, Errol Road Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Pablo Leivar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Guan Q, Kong W, Tan B, Zhu W, Akter T, Li J, Tian J, Chen S. Multiomics unravels potential molecular switches in the C 3 to CAM transition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. J Proteomics 2024; 299:105145. [PMID: 38431086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), a facultative CAM plant, shifts from C3 to CAM photosynthesis under salt stress, enhancing water use efficiency. Here we used transcriptomics, proteomics, and targeted metabolomics to profile molecular changes during the diel cycle of C3 to CAM transition. The results confirmed expected changes associated with CAM photosynthesis, starch biosynthesis and degradation, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. Importantly, they yielded new discoveries: 1) Transcripts displayed greater circadian regulation than proteins. 2) Oxidative phosphorylation and inositol methylation may play important roles in initiating the transition. 3) V-type H+-ATPases showed consistent transcriptional regulation, aiding in vacuolar malate uptake. 4) A protein phosphatase 2C, a major component in the ABA signaling pathway, may trigger the C3 to CAM transition. Our work highlights the potential molecular switches in the C3 to CAM transition, including the potential role of ABA signaling. SIGNIFICANCE: The common ice plant is a model facultative CAM plant, and under stress conditions it can shift from C3 to CAM photosynthesis within a three-day period. However, knowledge about the molecular changes during the transition and the molecular switches enabling the transition is lacking. Multi-omic analyses not only revealed the molecular changes during the transition, but also highlighted the importance of ABA signaling, inositol methylation, V-type H+-ATPase in initiating the shift. The findings may explain physiological changes and nocturnal stomatal opening, and inform future synthetic biology effort in improving crop water use efficiency and stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Guan
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bowen Tan
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Tahmina Akter
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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9
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Srivastava A, Srinivasan V, Long SP. Stomatal conductance reduction tradeoffs in maize leaves: A theoretical study. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1716-1731. [PMID: 38305579 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
As the leading global grain crop, maize significantly impacts agricultural water usage. Presently, photosynthesis (A net ${A}_{\text{net}}$ ) in leaves of modern maize crops is saturated withCO 2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ , implying that reducing stomatal conductance (g s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ ) would not affectA net ${A}_{\text{net}}$ but reduce transpiration (τ $\tau $ ), thereby increasing water use efficiency (WUE). Whileg s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction benefits upper canopy leaves under optimal conditions, the tradeoffs in low light and nitrogen-deficient leaves under nonoptimal microenvironments remain unexplored. Moreover,g s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction increases leaf temperature (T leaf ${T}_{\text{leaf}}$ ) and water vapor pressure deficit, partially counteracting transpiratory water savings. Therefore, the overall impact ofg s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction on water savings remains unclear. Here, we use a process-based leaf model to investigate the benefits of reducedg s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ in maize leaves under different microenvironments. Our findings show that increases inT leaf ${T}_{\text{leaf}}$ due tog s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction can diminish WUE gains by up to 20%. However,g s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction still results in beneficial WUE tradeoffs, where a 29% decrease ing s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ in upper canopy leaves results in a 28% WUE gain without loss inA net ${A}_{\text{net}}$ . Lower canopy leaves exhibit superior tradeoffs ing s ${g}_{{\rm{s}}}$ reduction with 178% gains in WUE without loss inA net ${A}_{\text{net}}$ . Our simulations show that these WUE benefits are resilient to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antriksh Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatraman Srinivasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- School of Sustainability, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Stephen P Long
- The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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10
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Braidotti R, Falchi R, Calderan A, Pichierri A, Vankova R, Dobrev PI, Griesser M, Sivilotti P. Multi-hormonal analysis and aquaporins regulation reveal new insights on drought tolerance in grapevine. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154243. [PMID: 38593590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling the factors that foster the tolerance to water stress in plants could provide great benefits to crop productions. In a two-year experiment, two new PIWI (fungus resistant) grapevine varieties, namely Merlot Kanthus and Sauvignon Kretos (Vitis hybrids), grown in the field, were subjected to two different water regimes: weekly irrigated (IR) or not irrigated (NIR) for two months during the summer. The two varieties exhibited large differences in terms of performance under water-limiting conditions. In particular, Merlot Kanthus strongly decreased stem water potential (Ψs) under water shortage and Sauvignon Kretos maintained higher Ψs values accompanied by generally high stomatal conductance and net carbon assimilation, regardless of the treatment. We hypothesized differences in the hormonal profile that mediate most of the plant responses to stresses or in the regulation of the aquaporins that control the water transport in the leaves. In general, substantial differences were found in the abundance of different hormonal classes, with Merlot Kanthus reporting higher concentrations of cytokinins while Sauvignon Kretos higher concentrations of auxins, jasmonate and salicylic acid. Interestingly, under water stress conditions ABA modulation appeared similar between the two cultivars, while other hormones were differently modulated between the two varieties. Regarding the expression of aquaporin encoding genes, Merlot Kanthus showed a significant downregulation of VvPIP2;1 and VvTIP2;1 in leaves exposed to water stress. Both genes have probably a role in influencing leaf conductance, and VvTIP2;1 has been correlated with stomatal conductance values. This evidence suggests that the two PIWI varieties are characterized by different behaviour in response to drought. Furthermore, the findings of the study may be generalized, suggesting the involvement of a complex hormonal cross-talk and aquaporins in effectively influencing plant performance under water shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Braidotti
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Rachele Falchi
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Alberto Calderan
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pichierri
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy; University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petre I Dobrev
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojova 263, 16502, Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Griesser
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Viticulture and Pomology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, Tulln, 3430, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Sivilotti
- University of Udine, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Via Delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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11
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Blatt MR. A charged existence: A century of transmembrane ion transport in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:79-110. [PMID: 38163639 PMCID: PMC11060664 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
If the past century marked the birth of membrane transport as a focus for research in plants, the past 50 years has seen the field mature from arcane interest to a central pillar of plant physiology. Ion transport across plant membranes accounts for roughly 30% of the metabolic energy consumed by a plant cell, and it underpins virtually every aspect of plant biology, from mineral nutrition, cell expansion, and development to auxin polarity, fertilization, plant pathogen defense, and senescence. The means to quantify ion flux through individual transporters, even single channel proteins, became widely available as voltage clamp methods expanded from giant algal cells to the fungus Neurospora crassa in the 1970s and the cells of angiosperms in the 1980s. Here, I touch briefly on some key aspects of the development of modern electrophysiology with a focus on the guard cells of stomata, now without dispute the premier plant cell model for ion transport and its regulation. Guard cells have proven to be a crucible for many technical and conceptual developments that have since emerged into the mainstream of plant science. Their study continues to provide fundamental insights and carries much importance for the global challenges that face us today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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12
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Meng Y, Lv Q, Li L, Wang B, Chen L, Yang W, Lei Y, Xie Y, Li X. E3 ubiquitin ligase TaSDIR1-4A activates membrane-bound transcription factor TaWRKY29 to positively regulate drought resistance. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:987-1000. [PMID: 38018512 PMCID: PMC10955488 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a deleterious abiotic stress factor that constrains crop growth and development. Post-translational modification of proteins mediated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is an effective strategy for directing plant responses to stress, but the regulatory mechanisms in wheat remain unclear. In this study, we showed that TaSDIR1-4A is a positive modulator of the drought response. Overexpression of TaSDIR1-4A increased the hypersensitivity of stomata, root length and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content under drought conditions. TaSDIR1-4A encodes a C3H2C3-type RING finger protein with E3 ligase activity. Amino acid mutation in its conserved domain led to loss of activity and altered the subcellular localization. The membrane-bound transcription factor TaWRKY29 was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening, and it was confirmed as interacting with TaSDIR1-4A both in vivo and in vitro. TaSDIR1-4A mediated the polyubiquitination and proteolysis of the C-terminal amino acid of TaWRKY29, and its translocation from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Activated TaWRKY29 bound to the TaABI5 promoter to stimulate its expression, thereby positively regulating the ABA signalling pathway and drought response. Our findings demonstrate the positive role of TaSDIR1-4A in drought tolerance and provide new insights into the involvement of UPS in the wheat stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Qian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Liqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Bingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Liuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Weibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yanhong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yanzhou Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
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13
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Lemonnier P, Lawson T. Calvin cycle and guard cell metabolism impact stomatal function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:59-70. [PMID: 36894379 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal conductance (gs) determines CO2 uptake for photosynthesis (A) and water loss through transpiration, which is essential for evaporative cooling and maintenance of optimal leaf temperature as well as nutrient uptake. Stomata adjust their aperture to maintain an appropriate balance between CO2 uptake and water loss and are therefore critical to overall plant water status and productivity. Although there is considerable knowledge regarding guard cell (GC) osmoregulation (which drives differences in GC volume and therefore stomatal opening and closing), as well as the various signal transduction pathways that enable GCs to sense and respond to different environmental stimuli, little is known about the signals that coordinate mesophyll demands for CO2. Furthermore, chloroplasts are a key feature in GCs of many species, however, their role in stomatal function is unclear and a subject of debate. In this review we explore the current evidence regarding the role of these organelles in stomatal behaviour, including GC electron transport and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle activity as well as their possible involvement correlating gs and A along with other potential mesophyll signals. We also examine the roles of other GC metabolic processes in stomatal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lemonnier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - T Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK.
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14
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Jacomassi LM, Pacola M, Momesso L, Viveiros J, Júnior OA, de Siqueira GF, de Campos M, Crusciol CAC. Foliar Application of Amino Acids and Nutrients as a Tool to Mitigate Water Stress and Stabilize Sugarcane Yield and Bioenergy Generation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:461. [PMID: 38337992 PMCID: PMC10857448 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Extended periods of water stress negatively affect sugarcane crop production. The foliar application of supplements containing specific nutrients and/or organic molecules such as amino acids can improve sugarcane metabolism, stalk and sugar yields, and the quality of the extracted juice. The present study assessed the effectiveness of the foliar application of an abiotic stress protection complement (ASPC) composed of 18 amino acids and 5 macronutrients. The experiments were carried out in the field with two treatments and twelve replicates. The two treatments were no application of ASPC (control) and foliar application of ASPC. The foliar application of ASPC increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (DPPH) was higher in ASPC-treated plants than in control plants, reflecting higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The level of H2O2 was 11.27 nM g-1 protein in plants treated with ASPC but 23.71 nM g-1 protein in control plants. Moreover, the application of ASPC increased stalk yield and sucrose accumulation, thus increasing the quality of the raw material. By positively stabilizing the cellular redox balance in sugarcane plants, ASPC application also increased energy generation. Therefore, applying ASPC is an effective strategy for relieving water stress while improving crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moraes Jacomassi
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Marcela Pacola
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Letusa Momesso
- Department of Agriculutre, School of Agriculture, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Josiane Viveiros
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Osvaldo Araújo Júnior
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Gabriela Ferraz de Siqueira
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Murilo de Campos
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agricultural Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (L.M.J.); (M.P.); (J.V.); (O.A.J.); (G.F.d.S.); (M.d.C.)
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15
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Cong X, Li S, Hu D. Stomatal aperture dynamics coupling mechanically passive and ionically active mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:106-121. [PMID: 37743707 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are the key nodes linking photosynthesis and transpiration. By regulating the opening degree of stomata, plants successively achieve the balance between water loss and carbon dioxide acquisition. The dynamic behaviour of stomata is an important cornerstone of plant adaptability. Though there have been miscellaneous experimental results on stomata and their constituent cells, the guard cells and the subsidiary cells, current theory of stomata regulation is far from clear and unified. In this work, we develop an integrated model to describe the stomatal dynamics of seed plants based on existing experimental results. The model includes three parts: (1) a passive mechanical model of the stomatal aperture as a bivariate function of the guard-cell turgor and the subsidiary-cell turgor; (2) an active regulation model with a target ion-content in guard cells as a function of their water potential; and (3) a dynamical model for the movement of potassium ions and water content. Our model has been used to reproduce abundant experimental phenomena semi-quantitatively. With accurately measured parameters, our model can also be used to predict stomatal responses to changes of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cong
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences, and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sien Li
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Shiyanghe Experimental Station for Improving Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuwei, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Natural Sciences, and MOE-LSC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Burkhardt J, Zinsmeister D, Roth-Nebelsick A, Hüging H, Pariyar S. Ambient aerosols increase stomatal transpiration and conductance of hydroponic sunflowers by extending the hydraulic system to the leaf surface. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1275358. [PMID: 38098798 PMCID: PMC10720890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1275358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Many atmospheric aerosols are hygroscopic and play an important role in cloud formation. Similarly, aerosols become sites of micro-condensation when they deposit to the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. Deposited salts, in particular can trigger condensation at humidities considerably below atmospheric saturation, according to their hygroscopicity and the relative humidity within the leaf boundary layer. Salt induced water potential gradients and the resulting dynamics of concentrated salt solutions can be expected to affect plant water relations. Methods Hydroponic sunflowers were grown in filtered (FA) and unfiltered, ambient air (AA). Sap flow was measured for 18 days and several indicators of incipient drought stress were studied. Results At 2% difference in mean vapor pressure deficit (D), AA sunflowers had 49% higher mean transpiration rates, lower osmotic potential, higher proline concentrations, and different tracer transport patterns in the leaf compared to FA sunflowers. Aerosols increased plant conductance particularly at low D. Discussion The proposed mechanism is that thin aqueous films of salt solutions from deliquescent deposited aerosols enter into stomata and cause an extension of the hydraulic system. This hydraulic connection leads - parallel to stomatal water vapor transpiration - to wick-like stomatal loss of liquid water and to a higher impact of D on plant water loss. Due to ample water supply by hydroponic cultivation, AA plants thrived as well as FA plants, but under more challenging conditions, aerosol deposits may make plants more susceptible to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Burkhardt
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Zinsmeister
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anita Roth-Nebelsick
- Department Palaeontology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hubert Hüging
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Crop Science Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shyam Pariyar
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Plant Nutrition Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Nguyen T, Silva‐Alvim FAL, Hills A, Blatt MR. OnGuard3e: A predictive, ecophysiology-ready tool for gas exchange and photosynthesis research. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3644-3658. [PMID: 37498151 PMCID: PMC10946835 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Gas exchange across the stomatal pores of leaves is a focal point in studies of plant-environmental relations. Stomata regulate atmospheric exchange with the inner air spaces of the leaf. They open to allow CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close to minimize water loss. Models that focus on the phenomenology of stomatal conductance generally omit the mechanics of the guard cells that regulate the pore aperture. The OnGuard platform fills this gap and offers a truly mechanistic approach with which to analyse stomatal gas exchange, whole-plant carbon assimilation and water-use efficiency. Previously, OnGuard required specialist knowledge of membrane transport, signalling and metabolism. Here we introduce OnGuard3e, a software package accessible to ecophysiologists and membrane biologists alike. We provide a brief guide to its use and illustrate how the package can be applied to explore and analyse stomatal conductance, assimilation and water use efficiencies, addressing a range of experimental questions with truly predictive outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh‐Hao Nguyen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Michael R. Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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18
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Arnaud D, Deeks MJ, Smirnoff N. RBOHF activates stomatal immunity by modulating both reactive oxygen species and apoplastic pH dynamics in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:404-415. [PMID: 37421599 PMCID: PMC10952706 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal defences are important for plants to prevent pathogen entry and further colonisation of leaves. Apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidases and apoplastic peroxidases play an important role in activating stomatal closure upon perception of bacteria. However, downstream events, particularly the factors influencing cytosolic hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) signatures in guard cells are poorly understood. We used the H2 O2 sensor roGFP2-Orp1 and a ROS-specific fluorescein probe to study intracellular oxidative events during stomatal immune response using Arabidopsis mutants involved in the apoplastic ROS burst. Surprisingly, the NADPH oxidase mutant rbohF showed over-oxidation of roGFP2-Orp1 by a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in guard cells. However, stomatal closure was not tightly correlated with high roGFP2-Orp1 oxidation. In contrast, RBOHF was necessary for PAMP-mediated ROS production measured by a fluorescein-based probe in guard cells. Unlike previous reports, the rbohF mutant, but not rbohD, was impaired in PAMP-triggered stomatal closure resulting in defects in stomatal defences against bacteria. Interestingly, RBOHF also participated in PAMP-induced apoplastic alkalinisation. The rbohF mutants were also partly impaired in H2 O2 -mediated stomatal closure at 100 μm while higher H2 O2 concentration up to 1 mm did not promote stomatal closure in wild-type plants. Our results provide novel insights on the interplay between apoplastic and cytosolic ROS dynamics and highlight the importance of RBOHF in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Arnaud
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Michael J. Deeks
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
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19
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Zhou Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Wu W, Xing J, Li Z, Qiao X, Zhang C, Wang X, Wang G, Li W, Bai S, Li Z, Suo Y, Wang J, Niu Y, Zhang J, Lan C, Hu Z, Li B, Zhang X, Wang W, Galbraith DW, Chen Y, Guo S, Song CP. A maize epimerase modulates cell wall synthesis and glycosylation during stomatal morphogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4384. [PMID: 37474494 PMCID: PMC10359280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40013-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique dumbbell-shape of grass guard cells (GCs) is controlled by their cell walls which enable their rapid responses to the environment. The molecular mechanisms regulating the synthesis and assembly of GC walls are as yet unknown. Here we have identified BZU3, a maize gene encoding UDP-glucose 4-epimerase that regulates the supply of UDP-glucose during GC wall synthesis. The BZU3 mutation leads to significant decreases in cellular UDP-glucose levels. Immunofluorescence intensities reporting levels of cellulose and mixed-linkage glucans are reduced in the GCs, resulting in impaired local wall thickening. BZU3 also catalyzes the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and the BZU3 mutation affects N-glycosylation of proteins that may be involved in cell wall synthesis and signaling. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal modulation of BZU3 plays a dual role in controlling cell wall synthesis and glycosylation via controlling UDP-glucose/N-acetylglucosamine homeostasis during stomatal morphogenesis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms controlling formation of the unique morphology of grass stomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zuliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chunrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shenglong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yuanzhen Suo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yanli Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - David W Galbraith
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yuhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Jinming avenue 1, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Sanya Institute, Henan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
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20
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Al-Salman Y, Cano FJ, Pan L, Koller F, Piñeiro J, Jordan D, Ghannoum O. Anatomical drivers of stomatal conductance in sorghum lines with different leaf widths grown under different temperatures. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2142-2158. [PMID: 37066624 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining crop productivity and resilience in water-limited environments and under rising temperatures are matters of concern worldwide. We investigated the leaf anatomical traits that underpin our recently identified link between leaf width (LW) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), as traits of interest in plant breeding. Ten sorghum lines with varying LW were grown under three temperatures to expand the range of variation of both LW and gas exchange rates. Leaf gas exchange, surface morphology and cross-sectional anatomy were measured and analysed using structural equations modelling. Narrower leaves had lower stomatal conductance (gs ) and higher iWUE across growth temperatures. They also had smaller intercellular airspaces, stomatal size, percentage of open stomatal aperture relative to maximum, hydraulic pathway, mesophyll thickness, and leaf mass per area. Structural modelling revealed a developmental association among leaf anatomical traits that underpinned gs variation in sorghum. Growing temperature and LW both impacted leaf gas exchange rates, but only LW directly impacted leaf anatomy. Wider leaves may be more productive under well-watered conditions, but consume more water for growth and development, which is detrimental under water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazen Al-Salman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco J Cano
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ling Pan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fiona Koller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan Piñeiro
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Capus del Rio San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - David Jordan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hermitage Research Facility, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
- Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Azoulay-Shemer T, Schulze S, Nissan-Roda D, Bosmans K, Shapira O, Weckwerth P, Zamora O, Yarmolinsky D, Trainin T, Kollist H, Huffaker A, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. A role for ethylene signaling and biosynthesis in regulating and accelerating CO 2 - and abscisic acid-mediated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2460-2475. [PMID: 36994603 PMCID: PMC10259821 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about long-distance mesophyll-driven signals that regulate stomatal conductance. Soluble and/or vapor-phase molecules have been proposed. In this study, the involvement of the gaseous signal ethylene in the modulation of stomatal conductance in Arabidopsis thaliana by CO2 /abscisic acid (ABA) was examined. We present a diffusion model which indicates that gaseous signaling molecule/s with a shorter/direct diffusion pathway to guard cells are more probable for rapid mesophyll-dependent stomatal conductance changes. We, therefore, analyzed different Arabidopsis ethylene-signaling and biosynthesis mutants for their ethylene production and kinetics of stomatal responses to ABA/[CO2 ]-shifts. According to our research, higher [CO2 ] causes Arabidopsis rosettes to produce more ethylene. An ACC-synthase octuple mutant with reduced ethylene biosynthesis exhibits dysfunctional CO2 -induced stomatal movements. Ethylene-insensitive receptor (gain-of-function), etr1-1 and etr2-1, and signaling, ein2-5 and ein2-1, mutants showed intact stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts, whereas loss-of-function ethylene receptor mutants, including etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3, etr1-6;etr2-3 and etr1-6, showed markedly accelerated stomatal responses to [CO2 ]-shifts. Further investigation revealed a significantly impaired stomatal closure to ABA in the ACC-synthase octuple mutant and accelerated stomatal responses in the etr1-6;etr2-3, and etr1-6, but not in the etr2-3;ein4-4;ers2-3 mutants. These findings suggest essential functions of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling components in tuning/accelerating stomatal conductance responses to CO2 and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Azoulay-Shemer
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Sebastian Schulze
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Dikla Nissan-Roda
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Krystal Bosmans
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Or Shapira
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Philipp Weckwerth
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Olena Zamora
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Dmitry Yarmolinsky
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Taly Trainin
- Fruit Tree Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Plant Signal Research Group, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116, USA
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22
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Takahara M, Tsugawa S, Sakamoto S, Demura T, Nakata MT. Pulvinar slits: Cellulose-deficient and de-methyl-esterified pectin-rich structures in a legume motor cell. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:857-870. [PMID: 36849132 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The cortical motor cells (CMCs) in a legume pulvinus execute the reversible deformation in leaf movement that is driven by changes in turgor pressure. In contrast to the underlying osmotic regulation property, the cell wall structure of CMCs that contributes to the movement has yet to be characterized in detail. Here, we report that the cell wall of CMCs has circumferential slits with low levels of cellulose deposition, which are widely conserved among legume species. This structure is unique and distinct from that of any other primary cell walls reported so far; thus, we named them "pulvinar slits." Notably, we predominantly detected de-methyl-esterified homogalacturonan inside pulvinar slits, with a low deposition of highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan, as with cellulose. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the cell wall composition of pulvini is different from that of other axial organs, such as petioles or stems. Moreover, monosaccharide analysis showed that pulvini are pectin-rich organs like developing stems and that the amount of galacturonic acid in pulvini is greater than in developing stems. Computer modeling suggested that pulvinar slits facilitate anisotropic extension in the direction perpendicular to the slits in the presence of turgor pressure. When tissue slices of CMCs were transferred to different extracellular osmotic conditions, pulvinar slits altered their opening width, indicating their deformability. In this study, we thus characterized a distinctive cell wall structure of CMCs, adding to our knowledge of repetitive and reversible organ deformation as well as the structural diversity and function of the plant cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoru Tsugawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
| | - Miyuki T Nakata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 6300192, Japan
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23
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Huang S, Maierhofer T, Hashimoto K, Xu X, Karimi SM, Müller H, Geringer MA, Wang Y, Kudla J, De Smet I, Hedrich R, Geiger D, Roelfsema MRG. The CIPK23 protein kinase represses SLAC1-type anion channels in Arabidopsis guard cells and stimulates stomatal opening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:270-282. [PMID: 36597715 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells control the opening of stomatal pores in the leaf surface, with the use of a network of protein kinases and phosphatases. Loss of function of the CBL-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) was previously shown to decrease the stomatal conductance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this response still need to be clarified. CIPK23 was specifically expressed in Arabidopsis guard cells, using an estrogen-inducible system. Stomatal movements were linked to changes in ion channel activity, determined with double-barreled intracellular electrodes in guard cells and with the two-electrode voltage clamp technique in Xenopus oocytes. Expression of the phosphomimetic variant CIPK23T190D enhanced stomatal opening, while the natural CIPK23 and a kinase-inactive CIPK23K60N variant did not affect stomatal movements. Overexpression of CIPK23T190D repressed the activity of S-type anion channels, while their steady-state activity was unchanged by CIPK23 and CIPK23K60N . We suggest that CIPK23 enhances the stomatal conductance at favorable growth conditions, via the regulation of several ion transport proteins in guard cells. The inhibition of SLAC1-type anion channels is an important facet of this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Xiangyu Xu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sohail M Karimi
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Müller
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Geringer
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ive De Smet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Geiger
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Chang Y, Shi M, Sun Y, Cheng H, Ou X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Day B, Miao C, Jiang K. Light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis is negatively regulated by chloroplast-originated OPDA signaling. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1071-1081.e5. [PMID: 36841238 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is orchestrated by diverse signaling cascades and metabolic activities in guard cells. Light triggers the opening of the pores through the phototropin-mediated pathway, which leads to the activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and thereby facilitates potassium accumulation through Kin+ channels. However, it remains poorly understood how phototropin signaling is fine-tuned to prevent excessive stomatal opening and consequent water loss. Here, we show that the stomatal response to light is negatively regulated by 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA), an oxylipin metabolite produced through enzymatic oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We identify a set of phospholipase-encoding genes, phospholipase (PLIP)1/2/3, which are transactivated rapidly in guard cells upon illumination in a phototropin-dependent manner. These phospholipases release PUFAs from the chloroplast membrane, which is oxidized by guard-cell lipoxygenases and further metabolized to OPDA. The OPDA-deficient mutants had wider stomatal pores, whereas mutants containing elevated levels of OPDA showed the opposite effect on stomatal aperture. Transmembrane solute fluxes that drive stomatal aperture were enhanced in lox6-1 guard cells, indicating that OPDA signaling ultimately impacts on activities of proton pumps and Kin+ channels. Interestingly, the accelerated stomatal kinetics in lox6-1 leads to increased plant growth without cost in water or macronutrient use. Together, our results reveal a new role for chloroplast membrane oxylipin metabolism in stomatal regulation. Moreover, the accelerated stomatal opening kinetics in OPDA-deficient mutants benefits plant growth and water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Mianmian Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Chen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China.
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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25
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Yang M, He J, Sun Z, Li Q, Cai J, Zhou Q, Wollenweber B, Jiang D, Wang X. Drought priming mechanisms in wheat elucidated by in-situ determination of dynamic stomatal behavior. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138494. [PMID: 36875605 PMCID: PMC9983753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a critical role in balancing photosynthesis and transpiration, which are essential processes for plant growth, especially in response to abiotic stress. Drought priming has been shown to improve drought tolerance. Lots of studies have been done with the response of stomatal behavior to drought stress. However, how the stomatal dynamic movement in intact wheat plants response to drought priming process is not known. Here, a portable microscope was used to take microphotographs in order to in-stiu determination of stomatal behavior. Non-invasive micro-test technology was used for measurements of guard cell K+, H+ and Ca2+ fluxes. Surprisingly, the results found that primed plants close stomatal much faster under drought stress, and reopening the stomatal much quicker under recovery, in relation to non-primed plants. Compared with non-primed plants, primed plants showed higher accumulation of ABA and Ca2+ influx rate in guard cells under drought stress. Furthermore, genes encoding anion channels were higher expressed and K+ outward channels activated, leading to enhanced K+ efflux, resulting in faster stomatal closure in primed plants than non-primed plants. During recovery, both guard cell ABA and Ca2+ influx of primed plants were found to be significantly reducing K+ efflux and accelerating stomatal reopening. Collectively, a portable non-invasive stomatal observation of wheat found that priming promoted faster stomatal closure under drought stress and faster reopening during post-drought recovery in relation to non-primed plants, thereby enhancing overall drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Li W, Sun Y, Li K, Tian H, Jia J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang H, Bi B, Guo J, Tran LSP, Miao Y. Sinapate Esters Mediate UV-B-Induced Stomatal Closure by Regulating Nitric Oxide, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Malate Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1890-1899. [PMID: 35475535 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sinapate esters, which are induced in plants under ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation, have important roles not only in the protection against UV-B irradiation but also in the regulation of stomatal closure. Here, we speculated that sinapate esters would function in the stomatal closure of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to UV-B. We measured the stomatal aperture size of the wild-type (WT) and bright trichomes 1 (brt1) and sinapoylglucose accumulator 1 (sng1) mutants under UV-B irradiation; the latter two mutants are deficient in the conversion of sinapic acid to sinapoylglucose (SG) and SG to sinapoylmalate (SM), respectively. Both the brt1 and sng1 plants showed smaller stomatal apertures than the WT under normal light and UV-B irradiation conditions. The accumulation of SM and malate were induced by UV-B irradiation in WT and brt1 plants but not in sng1 plants. Consistently, exogenous malate application reduced UV-B-induced stomatal closure in WT, brt1 and sng1 plants. Nonetheless, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cytosolic Ca2+ were higher in guard cells of the sng1 mutant than in those of the WT under normal white light and UV-B irradiation, suggesting that disturbance of sinapate metabolism induced the accumulation of these signaling molecules that promote stomatal closure. Unexpectedly, exogenous sinapic acid application prevented stomatal closure of WT, brt1 and sng1 plants. In summary, we hypothesize that SG or other sinapate esters may promote the UV-B-induced malate accumulation and stomatal closure, whereas sinapic acid inhibits the ROS-NO pathway that regulates UV-B-induced cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation and stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiangtao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Baodi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinggong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, 1006 Canton Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, No. 85 Jinming Road, Kaifeng 475004, China
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27
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Chan C. SPR1 connects microtubule disassembly to ABA-induced stomatal closure. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:8-9. [PMID: 36323283 PMCID: PMC9806625 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Assistant Features Editor, The Plant Cell, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
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28
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Tan YQ, Yang Y, Shen X, Zhu M, Shen J, Zhang W, Hu H, Wang YF. Multiple cyclic nucleotide-gated channels function as ABA-activated Ca2+ channels required for ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:239-259. [PMID: 36069643 PMCID: PMC9806652 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA)-activated inward Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane (PM) of guard cells are required for the initiation and regulation of ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and stomatal closure in plants. But the identities of the PM Ca2+ channels are still unknown. We hypothesized that the ABA-activated Ca2+ channels consist of multiple CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNEL (CNGC) proteins from the CNGC family, which is known as a Ca2+-permeable channel family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this research, we observed high expression of multiple CNGC genes in Arabidopsis guard cells, namely CNGC5, CNGC6, CNGC9, and CNGC12. The T-DNA insertional loss-of-function quadruple mutant cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 cngc12-1 (hereafter c5/6/9/12) showed a strong ABA-insensitive phenotype of stomatal closure. Further analysis revealed that ABA-activated Ca2+ channel currents were impaired, and ABA-specific cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation patterns were disrupted in c5/6/9/12 guard cells compared with in wild-type guard cells. All ABA-related phenotypes of the c5/6/9/12 mutant were successfully rescued by the expression of a single gene out of the four CNGCs under the respective native promoter. Thus, our findings reveal a type of ABA-activated PM Ca2+ channel comprising multiple CNGCs, which is essential for ABA-specific Ca2+ signaling of guard cells and ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Xin H, Li Q, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wu X, Liu R, Zhu J, Li J. Saussurea involucrata PIP2;4 improves growth and drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by increasing stomatal density and sensitivity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 326:111526. [PMID: 36343868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins, the major facilitators of water transport across membranes, are involved in growth and development and adaptation to drought stress in plants. In this study, a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (SiPIP2;4) was cloned from Saussurea involucrata, a cold-tolerant hardy herb. The expression of SiPIP2;4 increased the stomatal density and sensitivity of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), thus, affecting the plant's growth and resistance to the diverse water environment. The higher stomatal density under well-watered conditions effectively promoted the photosynthetic rate, which led to the rapid growth of transgenic lines. The stomata in the transgenic lines responded more sensitively to the vapor pressure deficit than the wild-type under different levels of ambient humidity. Their stomatal apertures positively correlated with the ambient humidity. Under drought conditions, the overexpression of SiPIP2;4 promoted rapid stomatal closure, reduced water dissipation, and enhanced drought tolerance. These results indicate that SiPIP2;4 regulates the density and sensitivity of plant stomata, thus, playing an important role in balancing plant growth and stress tolerance. This suggests that SiPIP2;4 has the potential to serve as a genetic resource for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qianqin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Saisai Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zexing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China.
| | - Jin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, Shihezi 832000, China.
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Li L, Jin Z, Huang R, Zhou J, Song F, Yao L, Li P, Lu W, Xiao L, Quan M, Zhang D, Du Q. Leaf physiology variations are modulated by natural variations that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:150-170. [PMID: 36285358 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are essential for photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we used multiomics approaches to dissect the genetic architecture and adaptive mechanisms that underlie stomatal morphology in Populus tomentosa juvenile natural population (303 accessions). We detected 46 candidate genes and 15 epistatic gene-pairs, associated with 5 stomatal morphologies and 18 leaf development and photosynthesis traits, through genome-wide association studies. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that stomata-associated gene loci were significantly associated with the expression of leaf-related genes; selective sweep analysis uncovered significant differentiation in the allele frequencies of genes that underlie stomatal variations. An allelic regulatory network operating under drought stress and adequate precipitation conditions, with three key regulators (DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2) and eight interacting genes, was identified that might regulate leaf physiology via modulation of stomatal shape and density. Validation of candidate gene variations in drought-tolerant and F1 hybrid populations of P. tomentosa showed that the DUF538, TRA2 and AbFH2 loci cause functional stabilisation of spatiotemporal regulatory, whose favourable alleles can be faithfully transmitted to offspring. This study provides insights concerning leaf physiology and stress tolerance via the regulation of stomatal determination in perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzheng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoying Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liangchen Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Quan
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhang Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
- The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Guo X, Yu X, Xu Z, Zhao P, Zou L, Li W, Geng M, Zhang P, Peng M, Ruan M. CC-type glutaredoxin, MeGRXC3, associates with catalases and negatively regulates drought tolerance in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2389-2405. [PMID: 36053917 PMCID: PMC9674314 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are essential for reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in responses of plants to environment changes. We previously identified several drought-responsive CC-type GRXs in cassava, an important tropical crop. However, how CC-type GRX regulates ROS homeostasis of cassava under drought stress remained largely unknown. Here, we report that a drought-responsive CC-type GRX, namely MeGRXC3, was associated with activity of catalase in the leaves of 100 cultivars (or unique unnamed genotypes) of cassava under drought stress. MeGRXC3 negatively regulated drought tolerance by modulating drought- and abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in transgenic cassava. It antagonistically regulated hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation in epidermal cells and guard cells. Moreover, MeGRXC3 interacted with two catalases of cassava, MeCAT1 and MeCAT2, and regulated their activity in vivo. Additionally, MeGRXC3 interacts with a cassava TGA transcription factor, MeTGA2, in the nucleus, and regulates the expression of MeCAT7 through a MeTGA2-MeMYB63 pathway. Overall, we demonstrated the roles of MeGRXC3 in regulating activity of catalase at both transcriptional and post-translational levels, therefore involving in ROS homeostasis and stomatal movement in responses of cassava to drought stress. Our study provides the first insights into how MeGRXC3 may be used in molecular breeding of cassava crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Ziyin Xu
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Pingjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Liangping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Mengting Geng
- College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular GeneticsCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
| | - Mengbin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical CropsInstitute of Tropical Bioscience and BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical BioresourcesHainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouChina
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32
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Jones JJ, Huang S, Hedrich R, Geilfus CM, Roelfsema MRG. The green light gap: a window of opportunity for optogenetic control of stomatal movement. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1237-1244. [PMID: 36052708 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Green plants are equipped with photoreceptors that are capable of sensing radiation in the ultraviolet-to-blue and the red-to-far-red parts of the light spectrum. However, plant cells are not particularly sensitive to green light (GL), and light which lies within this part of the spectrum does not efficiently trigger the opening of stomatal pores. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of stomatal responses to light, which are either provoked via photosynthetically active radiation or by specific blue light (BL) signaling pathways. The limited impact of GL on stomatal movements provides a unique option to use this light quality to control optogenetic tools. Recently, several of these tools have been optimized for use in plant biological research, either to control gene expression, or to provoke ion fluxes. Initial studies with the BL-activated potassium channel BLINK1 showed that this tool can speed up stomatal movements. Moreover, the GL-sensitive anion channel GtACR1 can induce stomatal closure, even at conditions that provoke stomatal opening in wild-type plants. Given that crop plants in controlled-environment agriculture and horticulture are often cultivated with artificial light sources (i.e. a combination of blue and red light from light-emitting diodes), GL signals can be used as a remote-control signal that controls stomatal transpiration and water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Jones
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Shouguang Huang
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Martin Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Hochschule Geisenheim University, 65366, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - M Rob G Roelfsema
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
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Gu L, Grodzinski B, Han J, Marie T, Zhang Y, Song YC, Sun Y. Granal thylakoid structure and function: explaining an enduring mystery of higher plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:319-329. [PMID: 35832001 PMCID: PMC9805053 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, photosystems II and I are found in grana stacks and unstacked stroma lamellae, respectively. To connect them, electron carriers negotiate tortuous multi-media paths and are subject to macromolecular blocking. Why does evolution select an apparently unnecessary, inefficient bipartition? Here we systematically explain this perplexing phenomenon. We propose that grana stacks, acting like bellows in accordions, increase the degree of ultrastructural control on photosynthesis through thylakoid swelling/shrinking induced by osmotic water fluxes. This control coordinates with variations in stomatal conductance and the turgor of guard cells, which act like an accordion's air button. Thylakoid ultrastructural dynamics regulate macromolecular blocking/collision probability, direct diffusional pathlengths, division of function of Cytochrome b6 f complex between linear and cyclic electron transport, luminal pH via osmotic water fluxes, and the separation of pH dynamics between granal and lamellar lumens in response to environmental variations. With the two functionally asymmetrical photosystems located distantly from each other, the ultrastructural control, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon-reaction feedbacks maximally cooperate to balance electron transport with gas exchange, provide homeostasis in fluctuating light environments, and protect photosystems in drought. Grana stacks represent a dry/high irradiance adaptation of photosynthetic machinery to improve fitness in challenging land environments. Our theory unifies many well-known but seemingly unconnected phenomena of thylakoid structure and function in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhong Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Bernard Grodzinski
- Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | - Jimei Han
- School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Telesphore Marie
- Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelphONN1G 2W1Canada
| | | | - Yang C. Song
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
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34
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Chen Z, Li S, Wan X, Liu S. Strategies of tree species to adapt to drought from leaf stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance to root properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:926535. [PMID: 36237513 PMCID: PMC9552884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.926535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidences highlight the occurrence of increasing widespread tree mortality as a result of global climate change-associated droughts. However, knowledge about the mechanisms underlying divergent strategies of various tree species to adapt to drought has remained remarkably insufficient. Leaf stomatal regulation and embolism resistance of stem xylem serves as two important strategies for tree species to prevent hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, as comprising interconnected physiological mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality. Hence, the physiological and anatomical determinants of leaf stomatal regulation and stems xylem embolism resistance are evaluated and discussed. In addition, root properties related to drought tolerance are also reviewed. Species with greater investment in leaves and stems tend to maintain stomatal opening and resist stem embolism under drought conditions. The coordination between stomatal regulation and stem embolism resistance are summarized and discussed. Previous studies showed that hydraulic safety margin (HSM, the difference between minimum water potential and that causing xylem dysfunction) is a significant predictor of tree species mortality under drought conditions. Compared with HSM, stomatal safety margin (the difference between water potential at stomatal closure and that causing xylem dysfunction) more directly merge stomatal regulation strategies with xylem hydraulic strategies, illustrating a comprehensive framework to characterize plant response to drought. A combination of plant traits reflecting species' response and adaptation to drought should be established in the future, and we propose four specific urgent issues as future research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xianchong Wan
- Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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35
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Du S, Jiang J, Wang G. Transcriptome and Metabonomic Analysis of Tamarix ramosissima Potassium (K+) Channels and Transporters in Response to NaCl Stress. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081313. [PMID: 35893048 PMCID: PMC9394374 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium ion (K+) channels and transporters are key components of plant K+ absorption and transportation and play an important role in plant growth and development. This study revealed that K+ channels and transporters are involved in the salt tolerance molecular mechanism and metabolites of the halophyte representative plant Tamarix ramosissima (T. ramosissima) in response to NaCl stress, providing a theoretical basis for the mitigation of salt stress using halophytes. Through transcriptome sequencing and metabolite detection analysis of 0 h, 48 h and 168 h by applying exogenous K+ to the roots of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress, 15 high-quality Clean Data bases were obtained, Q20 reached more than 97%, Q30 reached more than 92%, and GC content reached 44.5%, which is in line with further bioinformatics analysis. Based on the Liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, the roots of T. ramosissima were exposed to exogenous potassium for 48 h and 168 h under NaCl stress, and 1510 and 1124 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion mode, respectively. Through orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model analysis, its metabolomic data have excellent predictability and stability. The results of this study showed that there were 37 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) annotated as Class 2 K+ channels (Shaker-like K+ channel and TPK channel) and Class 3 K+ transporters (HAK/KUP/KT, HKT and CPAs transporter families). Among them, 29 DEGs were annotated to the gene ontology (GO) database, and the most genes were involved in the GO Biological Process. In addition, the expression levels of Unigene0014342 in the HAK/KUP/KT transporter and Unigene0088276 and Unigene0103067 in the CPAs transporter both first decreased and then increased when treated with 200 mM NaCl for 48 h and 168 h. However, when treated with 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl for 48 h and 168 h, a continuous upward trend was shown. Notably, the expression level of Unigene0016813 in CPAS transporter continued to increase when treated with 200 mM NaCl and 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl for 48 h and 168 h. 3 DEGs, Unigene0088276, Unigene0016813 and Unigene0103067, were dominated by the positive regulation of their related metabolites, and this correlation was significant. The results showed that these DEGs increased the absorption of K+ and the ratio of K+/Na+ under NaCl stress at 48 h and 168 h after adding exogenous potassium and enhanced the salt tolerance of T. ramosissima. Notably, the expression level of Unigene0103067 in the CPAs transporter was consistently upregulated when 200 mM NaCl + 10 mM KCl was treated for 48 h and 168 h. The positive regulatory metabolites were always dominant, which better helped T. ramosissima resist salt stress. Unigene0103067 plays an important role in enhancing the salt tolerance of T. ramosissima and reducing the toxicity of NaCl in roots. Additionally, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that Unigene0103067 and Reaumuria trigyna had the closest genetic distance in the evolutionary relationship. Finally, 9 DEGs were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verification. Their expression trends were completely consistent with the transcriptome sequencing analysis results, proving that this study’s data are accurate and reliable. This study provides resources for revealing the molecular mechanism of NaCl stress tolerance in T. ramosissima and lays a theoretical foundation for cultivating new salt-tolerant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (G.W.)
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Faculty of Science and Department of Forest Resources Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (G.W.)
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Chakrabarti M, Nagabhyru P, Schardl CL, Dinkins RD. Differential gene expression in tall fescue tissues in response to water deficit. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20199. [PMID: 35322562 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is a popular pasture and turf grass particularly known for drought resistance, allowing for its persistence in locations that are unfavorable for other cool-season grasses. Also, its seed-borne fungal symbiont (endophyte) Epichloë coenophiala, which resides in the crown and pseudostem, can be a contributing factor in its drought tolerance. Because it contains the apical meristems, crown survival under drought stress is critical to plant survival as well as the endophyte. In this study, we subjected tall fescue plants with their endophyte to water-deficit stress or, as controls with normal watering, then compared plant transcriptome responses in four vegetative tissues: leaf blades, pseudostem, crown, and roots. A transcript was designated a differentially expressed gene (DEG) if it exhibited at least a twofold expression difference between stress and control samples with an adjusted p value of .001. Pathway analysis of the DEGs across all tissue types included photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, cellular organization, and a transcriptional regulation. While no specific pathway was observed to be differentially expressed in the crown, genes encoding auxin response factors, nuclear pore anchors, structural maintenance of chromosomes, and class XI myosin proteins were more highly differentially expressed in crown than in the other vegetative tissues, suggesting that regulation in expression of these genes in the crown may aid in survival of the meristems in the crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Chakrabarti
- Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | - Padmaja Nagabhyru
- Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0312, USA
| | | | - Randy D Dinkins
- USDA-ARS, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, 40546-0091, USA
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Pan L, George-Jaeggli B, Borrell A, Jordan D, Koller F, Al-Salman Y, Ghannoum O, Cano FJ. Coordination of stomata and vein patterns with leaf width underpins water-use efficiency in a C 4 crop. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1612-1630. [PMID: 34773276 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its importance for crop water use and productivity, especially in drought-affected environments, the underlying mechanisms of variation in intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE = net photosynthesis/stomatal conductance for water vapour, gsw ) are not well understood, especially in C4 plants. Recently, we discovered that leaf width (LW) correlated negatively with iWUE and positively with gsw across several C4 grasses. Here, we confirmed these relationships within 48 field-grown genotypes differing in LW in Sorghum bicolor, a C4 crop adapted to dry and hot conditions. We measured leaf gas exchange and modelled leaf energy balance three times a day, alongside anatomical traits as potential predictors of iWUE. LW correlated negatively with iWUE and stomatal density, but positively with gsw , interveinal distance of longitudinal veins, and the percentage of stomatal aperture relative to maximum. Energy balance modelling showed that wider leaves needed to open their stomata more to generate a more negative leaf-to-air temperature difference, especially at midday when air temperatures exceeded 40°C. These results highlight the important role that LW plays in shaping iWUE through coordination of vein and stomatal traits and by affecting stomatal aperture. Therefore, LW could be used as a predictor of higher iWUE among sorghum genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Barbara George-Jaeggli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Hermitage Research Facility, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Agri-Science Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Borrell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Hermitage Research Facility, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Hermitage Research Facility, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona Koller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yazen Al-Salman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Francisco J Cano
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Centro de Investigación Forestal (CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Hong Y, Wang Z, Li M, Su Y, Wang T. First Multi-Organ Full-Length Transcriptome of Tree Fern Alsophila spinulosa Highlights the Stress-Resistant and Light-Adapted Genes. Front Genet 2022; 12:784546. [PMID: 35186007 PMCID: PMC8854977 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.784546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alsophila spinulosa, a relict tree fern, is a valuable plant for investigating environmental adaptations. Its genetic resources, however, are scarce. We used the PacBio and Illumina platforms to sequence the polyadenylated RNA of A. spinulosa root, rachis, and pinna, yielding 125,758, 89,107, and 89,332 unigenes, respectively. Combining the unigenes from three organs yielded a non-redundant reference transcriptome with 278,357 unigenes and N50 of 4141 bp, which were further reconstructed into 38,470 UniTransModels. According to functional annotation, pentatricopeptide repeat genes and retrotransposon-encoded polyprotein genes are the most abundant unigenes. Clean reads mapping to the full-length transcriptome is used to assess the expression of unigenes. The stress-induced ASR genes are highly expressed in all three organs, which is validated by qRT-PCR. The organ-specific upregulated genes are enriched for pathways involved in stress response, secondary metabolites, and photosynthesis. Genes for five types of photoreceptors, CRY signaling pathway, ABA biosynthesis and transduction pathway, and stomatal movement-related ion channel/transporter are profiled using the high-quality unigenes. The gene expression pattern coincides with the previously identified stomatal characteristics of fern. This study is the first multi-organ full-length transcriptome report of a tree fern species, the abundant genetic resources and comprehensive analysis of A. spinulosa, which provides the groundwork for future tree fern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjuan Su
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjuan Su, ; Ting Wang,
| | - Ting Wang
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjuan Su, ; Ting Wang,
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Blatt MR, Jezek M, Lew VL, Hills A. What can mechanistic models tell us about guard cells, photosynthesis, and water use efficiency? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:166-179. [PMID: 34565672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal pores facilitate gaseous exchange between the inner air spaces of the leaf and the atmosphere. The pores open to enable CO2 entry for photosynthesis and close to reduce transpirational water loss. How stomata respond to the environment has long attracted interest in modeling as a tool to understand the consequences for the plant and for the ecosystem. Models that focus on stomatal conductance for gas exchange make intuitive sense, but such models need also to connect with the mechanics of the guard cells that regulate pore aperture if we are to understand the 'decisions made' by stomata, their impacts on the plant and on the global environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Mareike Jezek
- Journal of Experimental Botany, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Virgilio L Lew
- The Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Adrian Hills
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Bower Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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40
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Nunes TDG, Slawinska MW, Lindner H, Raissig MT. Quantitative effects of environmental variation on stomatal anatomy and gas exchange in a grass model. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e6. [PMID: 37077975 PMCID: PMC10095872 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are cellular pores on the leaf epidermis that allow plants to regulate carbon assimilation and water loss. Stomata integrate environmental signals to regulate pore apertures and adapt gas exchange to fluctuating conditions. Here, we quantified intraspecific plasticity of stomatal gas exchange and anatomy in response to seasonal variation in Brachypodium distachyon. Over the course of 2 years, we (a) used infrared gas analysis to assess light response kinetics of 120 Bd21-3 wild-type individuals in an environmentally fluctuating greenhouse and (b) microscopically determined the seasonal variability of stomatal anatomy in a subset of these plants. We observed systemic environmental effects on gas exchange measurements and remarkable intraspecific plasticity of stomatal anatomical traits. To reliably link anatomical variation to gas exchange, we adjusted anatomical g smax calculations for grass stomatal morphology. We propose that systemic effects and variability in stomatal anatomy should be accounted for in long-term gas exchange studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D. G. Nunes
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Lindner
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael T. Raissig
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to: Michael T. Raissig E-mail:
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Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Ren H. Controlling the Gate: The Functions of the Cytoskeleton in Stomatal Movement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:849729. [PMID: 35283892 PMCID: PMC8905143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.849729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stomata are specialized epidermal structures composed of two guard cells and are involved in gas and water exchange between plants and the environment and pathogen entry into the plant interior. Stomatal movement is a response to many internal and external stimuli to increase adaptability to environmental change. The cytoskeleton, including actin filaments and microtubules, is highly dynamic in guard cells during stomatal movement, and the destruction of the cytoskeleton interferes with stomatal movement. In this review, we discuss recent progress on the organization and dynamics of actin filaments and microtubule network in guard cells, and we pay special attention to cytoskeletal-associated protein-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements during stomatal movement. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of stomatal movement in relation to the cytoskeleton and attempt to provide a foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Guangdong Zhuhai-Macao Joint Biotech Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Guangdong Zhuhai-Macao Joint Biotech Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang,
| | - Haiyun Ren
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Guangdong Zhuhai-Macao Joint Biotech Laboratory, Advanced Institute of Natural Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Haiyun Ren,
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Yasuoka JI, Pedreira CGS, Holcman E, Sentelhas PC, Pedroso GB, de Almeida OG, Holschuch SG. Microclimate of grass canopies and biomass accumulation are influenced by the use of caged exclosures in grazing research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:45-54. [PMID: 34476608 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-021-02187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exclosure cages are often used for estimating biomass accumulation on continuously stocked pastures in grazing experiments. The microclimate inside the cages may affect the estimates of biomass accumulation, but this has not been previously identified or quantified. We evaluated how the exclusion from grazing for 21 days in Mulato II brachiariagrass (Brachiaria brizantha × Brachiaria decumbens × Brachiaria ruziziensis) pastures affected canopy air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) and how this related to biomass accumulation. We also evaluated the effect of the exclosure cage on wind speed (WS) and incoming solar radiation (SR), and how these impacted evapotranspiration (ET) and estimates of biomass accumulation on grazed canopies maintained at 20- and 30-cm height under continuous stocking. Regardless of canopy height, changes in canopy structure during the exclusion period up to 21 days did not affect T and RH (averages of 24.3 °C and 88.7%, respectively), indicating that the air circulation was not affected by the exclusion. The cage structure reduced SR by 5%, although there were times during clear days when SR was slightly greater inside the cage than outside. The cage also reduced WS by 4.4%. Smaller SR and WS resulted in less ET inside the cages than outside, although with close values (2.9 vs. 3.0 mm day-1; P = 0.0494). The biomass accumulation rate was greater inside than outside the cages for both canopy heights. This overestimation would be 5.8 and 9.7% greater if the structure of the cage did not reduce the SR, WS, and ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior Issamu Yasuoka
- Department Zootecnia, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carlos Guilherme Silveira Pedreira
- Department Zootecnia, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Ester Holcman
- Department Engenharia de Biossistemas, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Sentelhas
- Department Engenharia de Biossistemas, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Baracat Pedroso
- Department Zootecnia, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Otávio Goulart de Almeida
- Department Zootecnia, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Solange Garcia Holschuch
- Department Zootecnia, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (ESALQ-USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, SP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Ahammed GJ, Chen Y, Liu C, Yang Y. Light regulation of potassium in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:316-324. [PMID: 34954566 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Essential macronutrient potassium (K) and environmental signal light regulate a number of vital plant biological processes related to growth, development, and stress response. Recent research has shown connections between the perception of light and the regulation of K in plants. Photoreceptors-mediated wavelength-specific light perception activates signaling cascades which mediate stomatal movement by altering K+influx/efflux via K+ channels in the guard cells. The quality, intensity, and duration of light affect the regulation of K nutrition and crop quality. Blue/red illumination or red combined blue light treatment increases the expression levels of K transporter genes, K uptake and accumulation, leading to increased lycopene synthesis and improved fruit color in tomato. Despite the commonalities of light and K in multiple functions, our understanding of light regulation of K and associated physiological and molecular processes is fragmentary. In this review, we take a look at the light-controlled K uptake and utilization in plants and propose working models to show potential mechanisms. We discuss major light signaling components, their possible involvement in K nutrition, stomatal movement and crop quality by linking the perception of light signal and subsequent regulation of K. We also pose some outstanding questions to guide future research. Our analysis suggests that the enhancement of K utilization efficiency by manipulation of light quality and light signaling components can be a promising strategy for K management in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaochao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Ou X, Li T, Zhao Y, Chang Y, Wu L, Chen G, Day B, Jiang K. Calcium-dependent ABA signaling functions in stomatal immunity by regulating rapid SA responses in guard cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153585. [PMID: 34894596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal immunity is mediated by ABA, an osmotic stress-responsive phytohormone that closes stomata via calcium-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. However, the functional involvement of ABA signal transducers in stomatal immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that stomatal immunity was compromised in mutants of the ABA signaling core. We also found that it is a subset of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPK4/5/6), but not the calcium-independent kinase OST1, that relay the stomatal immune signaling. Surface-inoculated bacteria caused an endogenous ABA-dependent induction of local SA responses, whilst expression of the ABA biosynthetic genes and the ABA levels were not affected in leaf epidermis. Furthermore, flg22-elicited ROS burst was attenuated by mutations in CPK4 and CPK5, and pathogen-induced SA production in leaf epidermis was compromised in cpk4, cpk5, and cpk6 mutants. Our results suggest that CPKs function in stomatal immunity through fine-tuning apoplastic ROS levels as well as reinforcing the localized SA signal in guard cells. It is also envisioned that ABA mediates stomatal responses to biotic and abiotic stresses via two distinct but partially overlapping signaling modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ou
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu Province, 745000, China
| | - Tianqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuankai Chang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province, 475004, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Guoqingzi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310058, China.
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Jalakas P, Nuhkat M, Vahisalu T, Merilo E, Brosché M, Kollist H. Combined action of guard cell plasma membrane rapid- and slow-type anion channels in stomatal regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2126-2133. [PMID: 34009364 PMCID: PMC8644578 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of stomatal closure by various stimuli requires activation of guard cell plasma membrane anion channels, which are defined as rapid (R)- and slow (S)-type. The single-gene loss-of-function mutants of these proteins are well characterized. However, the impact of suppressing both the S- and R-type channels has not been studied. Here, by generating and studying double and triple Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 (SLAC1), SLAC1 HOMOLOG3 (SLAH3), and ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 12/QUICK-ACTIVATING ANION CHANNEL 1 (QUAC1), we show that impairment of R- and S-type channels gradually increased whole-plant steady-state stomatal conductance. Ozone-induced cell death also increased gradually in higher-order mutants with the highest levels observed in the quac1 slac1 slah3 triple mutant. Strikingly, while single mutants retained stomatal responsiveness to abscisic acid, darkness, reduced air humidity, and elevated CO2, the double mutant lacking SLAC1 and QUAC1 was nearly insensitive to these stimuli, indicating the need for coordinated activation of both R- and S-type anion channels in stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirko Jalakas
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Maris Nuhkat
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Triin Vahisalu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
- Author for communication:
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Guo H, Xiao C, Liu Q, Li R, Yan Z, Yao X, Hu H. Two galacturonosyltransferases function in plant growth, stomatal development, and dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2820-2836. [PMID: 34890462 PMCID: PMC8644590 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of guard cell (GC) walls are important for stomatal development and stomatal response to external stimuli. However, the molecular mechanisms of pectin synthesis and pectin composition controlling stomatal development and dynamics remain poorly explored. Here, we characterized the role of two Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) galacturonosyltransferases, GAUT10 and GAUT11, in plant growth, stomatal development, and stomatal dynamics. GAUT10 and GAUT11 double mutations reduced pectin synthesis and promoted homogalacturonan (HG) demethylesterification and demethylesterified HG degradation, resulting in larger stomatal complexes and smaller pore areas, increased stomatal dynamics, and enhanced drought tolerance of plants. In contrast, increased GAUT10 or GAUT11 expression impaired stomatal dynamics and drought sensitivity. Genetic interaction analyses together with immunolabeling analyses suggest that the methylesterified HG level is important in stomatal dynamics, and pectin abundance with the demethylesterified HG level controls stomatal dimension and stomatal size. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of GC wall properties in stomatal dynamics, and highlight the role of GAUT10 and GAUT11 in stomatal dimension and dynamics through modulation of pectin biosynthesis and distribution in GC walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanlei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Dubeaux G, Hsu PK, Ceciliato PHO, Swink KJ, Rappel WJ, Schroeder JI. Deep dive into CO2-dependent molecular mechanisms driving stomatal responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2032-2042. [PMID: 35142859 PMCID: PMC8644143 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances are revealing mechanisms mediating CO2-regulated stomatal movements in Arabidopsis, stomatal architecture and stomatal movements in grasses, and the long-term impact of CO2 on growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dubeaux
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Po-Kai Hsu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Paulo H O Ceciliato
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Kelsey J Swink
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Wouter-Jan Rappel
- Physics Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116, USA
- Author for communication:
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Xu B, Sai N, Gilliham M. The emerging role of GABA as a transport regulator and physiological signal. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2005-2016. [PMID: 35235673 PMCID: PMC8644139 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
While the proposal that γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts a signal in plants is decades old, a signaling mode of action for plant GABA has been unveiled only relatively recently. Here, we review the recent research that demonstrates how GABA regulates anion transport through aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) and speculation that GABA also targets other proteins. The ALMT family of anion channels modulates multiple physiological processes in plants, with many members still to be characterized, opening up the possibility that GABA has broad regulatory roles in plants. We focus on the role of GABA in regulating pollen tube growth and stomatal pore aperture, and we speculate on its role in long-distance signaling and how it might be involved in cross talk with hormonal signals. We show that in barley (Hordeum vulgare), guard cell opening is regulated by GABA, as it is in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), to regulate water use efficiency, which impacts drought tolerance. We also discuss the links between glutamate and GABA in generating signals in plants, particularly related to pollen tube growth, wounding, and long-distance electrical signaling, and explore potential interactions of GABA signals with hormones, such as abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. We conclude by postulating that GABA encodes a signal that links plant primary metabolism to physiological status to fine tune plant responses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- Author for communication:
| | - Na Sai
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- Plant Transport and Signalling Lab, ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Waite Research Institute, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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Dietz KJ, Zörb C, Geilfus CM. Drought and crop yield. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:881-893. [PMID: 34396653 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Episodes of water shortage occur in most agricultural regions of the world. Their durations and intensities increase, and their seasonal timing alters with changing climate. During the ontogenic cycle of crop plants, each development stage, such as seed germination, seedling establishment, vegetative root and shoot growth, flowering, pollination and seed and fruit development, is specifically sensitive to dehydration. Desiccation threatens yield and leads to specific patterns, depending on the type of crop plant and the harvested plant parts, e.g. leafy vegetables, tubers, tap roots or fruits. This review summarizes the effects of drought stress on crop plants and relates the dehydration-dependent yield penalty to the harvested organ and tissue. The control of shoot transpiration and the reorganization of root architecture are of core importance for maintaining proper plant water relationships. Upon dehydration, the provision and partitioning of assimilates and the uptake and distribution of nutrients define remaining growth activity. Domestication of crops by selection for high yield under high input has restricted the genetic repertoire for achieving drought stress tolerance. Introgression of suitable alleles from wild relatives into commercial cultivars might improve the ability to grow with less water. Future research activities should focus more on field studies in order to generate more realistic improvements to crops. Robotic field phenotyping should be integrated into genetic mapping for the identification of relevant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-J Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C-M Geilfus
- Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Berlin, Germany
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Živanović B, Milić Komić S, Nikolić N, Mutavdžić D, Srećković T, Veljović Jovanović S, Prokić L. Differential Response of Two Tomato Genotypes, Wild Type cv. Ailsa Craig and Its ABA-Deficient Mutant flacca to Short-Termed Drought Cycles. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112308. [PMID: 34834671 PMCID: PMC8617711 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Two tomato genotypes with constitutively different ABA level, flacca mutant and wild type of Ailsa Craig cv. (WT), were subjected to three repeated drought cycles, with the aim to reveal the role of the abscisic acid (ABA) threshold in developing drought tolerance. Differential responses to drought of two genotypes were obtained: more pronounced stomatal closure, ABA biosynthesis and proline accumulation in WT compared to the mutant were compensated by dry weight accumulation accompanied by transient redox disbalance in flacca. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis of isolated cell wall material and morphological parameter measurements on tomato leaves indicated changes in dry weight accumulation and carbon re-allocation to cell wall constituents in flacca, but not in WT. A higher proportion of cellulose, pectin and lignin in isolated cell walls from flacca leaves further increased with repeated drought cycles. Different ABA-dependent stomatal closure between drought cycles implies that acquisition of stomatal sensitivity may be a part of stress memory mechanism developed under given conditions. The regulatory role of ABA in the cell wall restructuring and growth regulation under low leaf potential was discussed with emphasis on the beneficial effects of drought priming in developing differential defense strategies against drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Živanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Sonja Milić Komić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Nenad Nikolić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Dragosav Mutavdžić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Srećković
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Veljović Jovanović
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.Ž.); (S.M.K.); (N.N.); (D.M.); (T.S.)
- Center for Green Technologies, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.V.J.); (L.P.)
| | - Ljiljana Prokić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (S.V.J.); (L.P.)
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