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Qu Z, Lin C, Zhao H, Chen T, Yao X, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen G. Above- and belowground phenology responses of subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) to soil warming, precipitation exclusion and their interaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173147. [PMID: 38740199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant phenology plays an important role in nutrient cycling and carbon balance in forest ecosystems, but its response to the interaction of global warming and precipitation reduction remains unclear. In this study, an experiment with factorial soil warming (ambient, ambient +5 °C) and precipitation exclusion (ambient, ambient -50 %) was conducted in a subtropical Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. We investigated the effects of soil warming, precipitation exclusion, and their interactions on Chinese fir phenology involving tree height and fine root growth. In the meantime, the impact of tree height growth and related climatic factors on fine root production was also assessed. The results showed that: (1) more variable phenology responses were observed in fine root growth than in tree height growth to the climatic treatments; the duration of fine root growth and tree height growth was significantly reduced by the precipitation exclusion and warming treatment, respectively; phenology differences of fine root and tree height growth caused by the solo warming and precipitation exclusion treatment were further enhanced by the combined treatment; and despite the greater inter-annual phenology stability of tree height growth than that of fine root growth, both of them showed insignificant response to all the climate treatments; (2) asynchrony of phenology between tree height and fine root growth was significantly enlarged by solo warming and precipitation exclusion treatments, and further enlarged by the combined treatment; (3) fine root production was significantly and positively correlated with air, and soil temperature, and tree height growth as well, which was altered by warming and precipitation exclusion treatments. Our results demonstrated that climatic changes significantly and differently alter phenology of, and extend the phenology asynchrony between, above and below ground plant components, and also highlight the climate-sensitive and variable nature of root phenology. Overall, these phenology responses to climatic change may weaken the close link between fine root production and tree height growth, which may result in temporal mismatch between nutrient demand and supply in Chinese fir plantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Qu
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, China; State Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.
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2
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Paź‐Dyderska S, Jagodziński AM. Potential of reproductive traits in functional ecology: A quantitative comparison of variability in floral, fruit, and leaf traits. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11690. [PMID: 39026952 PMCID: PMC11255459 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their claimed low intraspecific variability, plant reproductive traits are less frequently used in functional ecology. Here we focused on underrepresented plant organs, i.e. flowers and fruits, by comparing their traits with well-established leaf traits. We evaluated 16 functional traits (six floral, six fruit, and four leaf traits) in a randomly selected group of woody species under comparable environmental conditions. We aimed to assess interspecific and intraspecimen variability and explore the potential of the proposed flower and fruit traits for ecological research. Traits related to the dry mass of flowers and fruits exhibited the highest interspecific variability, while carbon content traits in flowers and leaves had the lowest. At a specimen level, specific leaf area revealed the highest variation. Carbon content traits for all organs demonstrated the least intraspecimen variability, with flower carbon content being the least variable. Our study revealed connections between the newly proposed traits and widely recognized functional traits, uncovering intriguing links between the established traits and the floral and fruit traits upon which we focused. This complements the already well-recognized variability in plant form and function with additional insights into reproductive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej M. Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
- Poznań University of Life SciencesFaculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Game Management and Forest ProtectionPoznańPoland
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3
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Laughlin DC. Unifying functional and population ecology to test the adaptive value of traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38855941 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant strategies are phenotypes shaped by natural selection that enable populations to persist in a given environment. Plant strategy theory is essential for understanding the assembly of plant communities, predicting plant responses to climate change, and enhancing the restoration of our degrading biosphere. However, models of plant strategies vary widely and have tended to emphasize either functional traits or life-history traits at the expense of integrating both into a general framework to improve our ecological and evolutionary understanding of plant form and function. Advancing our understanding of plant strategies will require investment in two complementary research agendas that together will unify functional ecology and population ecology. First, we must determine what is phenotypically possible by quantifying the dimensionality of plant traits. This step requires dense taxonomic sampling of traits on species representing the broad diversity of phylogenetic clades, environmental gradients, and geographical regions found across Earth. It is important that we continue to sample traits locally and share data globally to fill biased gaps in trait databases. Second, we must test the power of traits for explaining species distributions, demographic rates, and population growth rates across gradients of resource limitation, disturbance regimes, temperature, vegetation density, and frequencies of other strategies. This step requires thoughtful, theory-driven empiricism. Reciprocal transplant experiments beyond the native range and synthetic demographic modelling are the most powerful methods to determine how trait-by-environment interactions influence fitness. Moving beyond easy-to-measure traits and evaluating the traits that are under the strongest ecological selection within different environmental contexts will improve our understanding of plant adaptations. Plant strategy theory is poised to (i) unpack the multiple dimensions of productivity and disturbance gradients and differentiate adaptations to climate and resource limitation from adaptations to disturbance, (ii) distinguish between the fundamental and realized niches of phenotypes, and (iii) articulate the distinctions and relationships between functional traits and life-history traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Laughlin
- Botany Department, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA
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4
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Wang M, Kong D, Mo X, Wang Y, Yang Q, Kardol P, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Simpson MJ, Zeng H, Reich PB, Bergmann J, Tharayil N, Wang J. Molecular-level carbon traits underlie the multidimensional fine root economics space. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:901-909. [PMID: 38740944 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbon influences the evolution and functioning of plants and their roots. Previous work examining a small number of commonly measured root traits has revealed a global multidimensionality of the resource economics traits in fine roots considering carbon as primary currency but without considering the diversity of carbon-related traits. To address this knowledge gap, we use data from 66 tree species from a tropical forest to illustrate that root economics space co-varies with a novel molecular-level traits space based on nuclear magnetic resonance. Thinner fine roots exhibit higher proportions of carbohydrates and lower diversity of molecular carbon than thicker roots. Mass-denser fine roots have more lignin and aromatic carbon compounds but less bioactive carbon compounds than lighter roots. Thus, the transition from thin to thick fine roots implies a shift in the root carbon economy from 'do-it-yourself' soil exploration to collaboration with mycorrhizal fungi, while the shift from light to dense fine roots emphasizes a shift from acquisitive to conservative root strategy. We reveal a previously undocumented role of molecular-level carbon traits that potentially undergird the multidimensional root economics space. This finding offers new molecular insight into the diversity of root form and function, which is fundamental to our understanding of plant evolution, species coexistence and adaptations to heterogeneous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xiaohan Mo
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingpei Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota St, Paul, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Institute for Global Change Biology and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Junjian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Laurans M, Munoz F, Charles-Dominique T, Heuret P, Fortunel C, Isnard S, Sabatier SA, Caraglio Y, Violle C. Why incorporate plant architecture into trait-based ecology? Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:524-536. [PMID: 38212187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Trait-based ecology has improved our understanding of the functioning of organisms, communities, ecosystems, and beyond. However, its predictive ability remains limited as long as phenotypic integration and temporal dynamics are not considered. We highlight how the morphogenetic processes that shape the 3D development of a plant during its lifetime affect its performance. We show that the diversity of architectural traits allows us to go beyond organ-level traits in capturing the temporal and spatial dimensions of ecological niches and informing community assembly processes. Overall, we argue that consideration of multilevel topological, geometrical, and ontogenetic features provides a dynamic view of the whole-plant phenotype and a relevant framework for investigating phenotypic integration, plant adaptation and performance, and community structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Laurans
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Munoz
- LiPhy, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France; CNRS UMR7618, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Paris, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Fortunel
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie-Annabel Sabatier
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Caraglio
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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6
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Liu Y, Hogan JA, Lichstein JW, Guralnick RP, Soltis DE, Soltis PS, Scheiner SM. Biodiversity and productivity in eastern US forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314231121. [PMID: 38527197 PMCID: PMC10998592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314231121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite experimental and observational studies demonstrating that biodiversity enhances primary productivity, the best metric for predicting productivity at broad geographic extents-functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, or species richness-remains unknown. Using >1.8 million tree measurements from across eastern US forests, we quantified relationships among functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, species richness, and productivity. Surprisingly, functional trait and phylogenetic diversity explained little variation in productivity that could not be explained by tree species richness. This result was consistent across the entire eastern United States, within ecoprovinces, and within data subsets that controlled for biomass or stand age. Metrics of functional trait and phylogenetic diversity that were independent of species richness were negatively correlated with productivity. This last result suggests that processes that determine species sorting and packing are likely important for the relationships between productivity and biodiversity. This result also demonstrates the potential confusion that can arise when interdependencies among different diversity metrics are ignored. Our findings show the value of species richness as a predictive tool and highlight gaps in knowledge about linkages between functional diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - J. Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | | | - Robert P. Guralnick
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Douglas E. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
| | - Pamela S. Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610
- Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611
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7
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Jin X, Zhu J, Wei X, Xiao Q, Xiao J, Jiang L, Xu D, Shen C, Liu J, He Z. Adaptation Strategies of Seedling Root Response to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38498541 PMCID: PMC10892864 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The escalation of global nitrogen deposition levels has heightened the inhibitory impact of phosphorus limitation on plant growth in subtropical forests. Plant roots area particularly sensitive tissue to nitrogen and phosphorus elements. Changes in the morphological characteristics of plant roots signify alterations in adaptive strategies. However, our understanding of resource-use strategies of roots in this environment remains limited. In this study, we conducted a 10-month experiment at the Castanopsis kawakamii Nature Reserve to evaluate the response of traits of seedling roots (such as specific root length, average diameter, nitrogen content, and phosphorus content) to nitrogen and phosphorus addition. The aim was to reveal the adaptation strategies of roots in different nitrogen and phosphorus addition concentrations. The results showed that: (1) The single phosphorus and nitrogen-phosphorus interaction addition increased the specific root length, surface area, and root phosphorus content. In addition, single nitrogen addition promotes an increase in the average root diameter. (2) Non-nitrogen phosphorus addition and single nitrogen addition tended to adopt a conservative resource-use strategy to maintain growth under low phosphorus conditions. (3) Under the single phosphorus addition and interactive addition of phosphorus and nitrogen, the roots adopted an acquisitive resource-use strategy to obtain more available phosphorus resources. Accordingly, the adaptation strategy of seedling roots can be regulated by adding appropriate concentrations of nitrogen or phosphorus, thereby promoting the natural regeneration of subtropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qianru Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daowei Xu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Caixia Shen
- School of Economics and Management, Sanming University, Sanming 365000, China;
| | - Jinfu Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhongsheng He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (X.J.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (Q.X.); (J.X.); (L.J.); (D.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Statistics in Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350002, China
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8
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Neyret M, Le Provost G, Boesing AL, Schneider FD, Baulechner D, Bergmann J, de Vries FT, Fiore-Donno AM, Geisen S, Goldmann K, Merges A, Saifutdinov RA, Simons NK, Tobias JA, Zaitsev AS, Gossner MM, Jung K, Kandeler E, Krauss J, Penone C, Schloter M, Schulz S, Staab M, Wolters V, Apostolakis A, Birkhofer K, Boch S, Boeddinghaus RS, Bolliger R, Bonkowski M, Buscot F, Dumack K, Fischer M, Gan HY, Heinze J, Hölzel N, John K, Klaus VH, Kleinebecker T, Marhan S, Müller J, Renner SC, Rillig MC, Schenk NV, Schöning I, Schrumpf M, Seibold S, Socher SA, Solly EF, Teuscher M, van Kleunen M, Wubet T, Manning P. A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1251. [PMID: 38341437 PMCID: PMC10858939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. The results indicate that most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically mediated effects, resulting in a 'slow-fast' axis at the level of the entire community. Using 15 indicators of carbon and nutrient fluxes, biomass production and decomposition, we also show that fast trait communities are associated with faster rates of ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that 'slow' and 'fast' strategies can be manifested at the level of whole communities, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Neyret
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Université Grenoble Alpes - CNRS - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Florian D Schneider
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
- ISOE - Institute for social-ecological research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dennis Baulechner
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joana Bergmann
- Leibniz Center for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Franciska T de Vries
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kezia Goldmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anna Merges
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruslan A Saifutdinov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadja K Simons
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
- Applied Biodiversity Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joseph A Tobias
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Andrey S Zaitsev
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institut of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Chair of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schulz
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Research Unit for Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Ecological Networks, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Antonios Apostolakis
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Runa S Boeddinghaus
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department Plant Production and Production Related Environmental Protection, Center for Agricultural Technology Augustenberg (LTZ), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralph Bolliger
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bonkowski
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Soil Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Dumack
- Terrestrial Ecology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Huei Ying Gan
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironments Tübingen (SHEP), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Heinze
- Department of Biodiversity, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- Justus Liebig University, Department of Animal Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Valentin H Klaus
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Till Kleinebecker
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Marhan
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Department of Nature Conservation, Heinz Sielmann Foundation, Wustermark, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Ornithology, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Autria, Germany
| | | | - Noëlle V Schenk
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Schrumpf
- Department of Biogeochemical Processes, Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Seibold
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Department Environment and Biodiversity, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Emily F Solly
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Computation Hydrosystems Department, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miriam Teuscher
- University of Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle - Jena-, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Community Ecology Department, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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9
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Määttä T, Malhotra A. The hidden roots of wetland methane emissions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17127. [PMID: 38337165 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wetlands are the largest natural source of methane (CH4 ) globally. Climate and land use change are expected to alter CH4 emissions but current and future wetland CH4 budgets remain uncertain. One important predictor of wetland CH4 flux, plants, play an important role in providing substrates for CH4 -producing microbes, increasing CH4 consumption by oxygenating the rhizosphere, and transporting CH4 from soils to the atmosphere. Yet, there remain various mechanistic knowledge gaps regarding the extent to which plant root systems and their traits influence wetland CH4 emissions. Here, we present a novel conceptual framework of the relationships between a range of root traits and CH4 processes in wetlands. Based on a literature review, we propose four main CH4 -relevant categories of root function: gas transport, carbon substrate provision, physicochemical influences and root system architecture. Within these categories, we discuss how individual root traits influence CH4 production, consumption, and transport (PCT). Our findings reveal knowledge gaps concerning trait functions in physicochemical influences, and the role of mycorrhizae and temporal root dynamics in PCT. We also identify priority research needs such as integrating trait measurements from different root function categories, measuring root-CH4 linkages along environmental gradients, and following standardized root ecology protocols and vocabularies. Thus, our conceptual framework identifies relevant belowground plant traits that will help improve wetland CH4 predictions and reduce uncertainties in current and future wetland CH4 budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Määttä
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Geography, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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10
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Falk D, Winowiecki LA, Vågen TG, Lohbeck M, Ilstedt U, Muriuki J, Mwaniki A, Bargués Tobella A. Drivers of field-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity: Implications for restoring degraded tropical landscapes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168038. [PMID: 37879476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Water security represents a major challenge in East Africa, affecting the livelihoods of millions of people and hindering sustainable development. Predicted increases in rainfall intensity and variability are expected to exacerbate water insecurity and land degradation. Improving soil infiltrability is an effective strategy for addressing water insecurity and land degradation. Research on soil infiltrability is often highly localized; therefore, scientific understanding of the drivers of infiltrability on larger spatial scales is limited. The aim of this study was to understand the main drivers of infiltrability across five contrasting landscapes in Kenya. We measured field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (Kfs) in 257 plots and collected data for variables representing soil properties (sand content, soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH), land degradation (grazing pressure and presence of erosion), vegetation quantity (woody aboveground biomass), and vegetation quality (functional properties and diversity). We used generalized mixed-effects models to test for the effects of these variables on Kfs. Median Kfs for the five sites ranged between 23.8 and 101.8 mm h-1. We found that Kfs was positively associated with sand content (standardized effect 0.39), SOC content (0.15), and functional diversity of woody vegetation (0.09), while it had a negative relationship with the presence of erosion (-0.24) and grazing pressure (-0.09). Subsequently, we conclude that infiltrability can be enhanced through using land restoration strategies which specifically target parameters that affect Kfs. The results further support that Kfs is not solely dictated by inherent soil properties, and that management interventions which boost SOC, reduce erosion, and minimize unsustainable grazing can help address water scarcity by restoring soil hydrological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falk
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden; World Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | | | - Tor-Gunnar Vågen
- World Agroforestry (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Madelon Lohbeck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrik Ilstedt
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
| | - Justin Muriuki
- Kenya Cereal Enhancement Programme - Climate Resilience Agricultural Livelihoods (KCEP-CRAL), Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, P.O. Box 30028-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alex Mwaniki
- Kenya Cereal Enhancement Programme - Climate Resilience Agricultural Livelihoods (KCEP-CRAL), Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, P.O. Box 30028-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Aida Bargués Tobella
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå SE-901 83, Sweden
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11
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Augustine SP, Bailey-Marren I, Charton KT, Kiel NG, Peyton MS. Improper data practices erode the quality of global ecological databases and impede the progress of ecological research. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17116. [PMID: 38273575 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The scientific community has entered an era of big data. However, with big data comes big responsibilities, and best practices for how data are contributed to databases have not kept pace with the collection, aggregation, and analysis of big data. Here, we rigorously assess the quantity of data for specific leaf area (SLA) available within the largest and most frequently used global plant trait database, the TRY Plant Trait Database, exploring how much of the data were applicable (i.e., original, representative, logical, and comparable) and traceable (i.e., published, cited, and consistent). Over three-quarters of the SLA data in TRY either lacked applicability or traceability, leaving only 22.9% of the original data usable compared with the 64.9% typically deemed usable by standard data cleaning protocols. The remaining usable data differed markedly from the original for many species, which led to altered interpretation of ecological analyses. Though the data we consider here make up only 4.5% of SLA data within TRY, similar issues of applicability and traceability likely apply to SLA data for other species as well as other commonly measured, uploaded, and downloaded plant traits. We end with suggested steps forward for global ecological databases, including suggestions for both uploaders to and curators of databases with the hope that, through addressing the issues raised here, we can increase data quality and integrity within the ecological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Augustine
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Isaac Bailey-Marren
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Katherine T Charton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nathan G Kiel
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael S Peyton
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Cao J, Lu M, Kardol P, Wang J, Fan G, Kong D. The origin of bi-dimensionality in plant root traits. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:78-88. [PMID: 37777374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots show extraordinary diversity in form and function in heterogeneous environments. Mounting evidence has shown global bi-dimensionality in root traits, the root economics spectrum (RES), and an orthogonal dimension describing mycorrhizal collaboration; however, the origin of the bi-dimensionality remains unresolved. Here, we propose that bi-dimensionality arises from the cylindrical geometry of roots, allometry between root cortex and stele, and independence between root cell wall thickness and cell number. Root geometry and mycorrhizal collaboration may both underlie the bi-dimensionality. Further, we emphasize why plant roots should be cylindrical rather than flat. Finally, we highlight the need to integrate organ-, cellular-, and molecular-level processes driving the bi-dimensionality in plant roots to fully understand plant diversity and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | | | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 75007, Sweden; Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, 90183, Sweden
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Guoqiang Fan
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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13
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Guo L, Deng M, Li X, Schmid B, Huang J, Wu Y, Peng Z, Yang L, Liu L. Evolutionary and ecological forces shape nutrient strategies of mycorrhizal woody plants. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14330. [PMID: 37866881 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The associations of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (EcM) fungi with plants have sequentially evolved and significantly contributed to enhancing plant nutrition. Nonetheless, how evolutionary and ecological forces drive nutrient acquisition strategies of AM and EcM woody plants remains poorly understood. Our global analysis of woody species revealed that, over divergence time, AM woody plants evolved faster nitrogen mineralization rates without changes in nitrogen resorption. However, EcM woody plants exhibited an increase in nitrogen mineralization but a decrease in nitrogen resorption, indicating a shift towards a more inorganic nutrient economy. Despite this alteration, when evaluating present-day woody species, AM woody plants still display faster nitrogen mineralization and lower nitrogen resorption than EcM woody plants. This inorganic nutrient economy allows AM woody plants to thrive in warm environments with a faster litter decomposition rate. Our findings indicate that the global pattern of nutrient acquisition strategies in mycorrhizal plants is shaped by the interplay between phylogeny and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meifeng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Junsheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Błońska E, Lasota J, Kempf M, Ostonen I. The nutritional status and root development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings growing on decaying deadwood in temperate forest ecosystem. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17813. [PMID: 37857689 PMCID: PMC10587165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to compare two substrates, soil and deadwood, for the regeneration of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings. Three-year-old fir seedlings growing both on deadwood and in the soil were collected. The examination involved determining the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of soil and deadwood, as well as assessing the morphology of the roots and the nutrition of seedlings growing on the soil and deadwood. The examined substrates differed in physical, chemical and biochemical properties. It was shown that strongly decomposed fir logs are a good substrate for the growth of fir seedlings, mainly due to the high content of exchangeable cations (especially calcium, magnesium and potassium) and high phosphorus and nitrogen content. The type of substrate had a significant impact on the root morphology of fir seedlings. In our study, the most responsive root traits to differences in growing substrates were specific root area (SRA) and specific root length (SRL). Our analyses did not confirm significant differences in the stoichiometry of C, N and P in the roots and needles of seedlings grown on different substrates. The stoichiometry of roots and needles suggests no limitations in the uptake of nutrients by seedlings growing on deadwood. This study validated that heavily decomposed wood can provide favourable microhabitats for the growth of the young generation of fir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Błońska
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Lasota
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kempf
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ivika Ostonen
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Blume-Werry G, Dorrepaal E, Keuper F, Kummu M, Wild B, Weedon JT. Arctic rooting depth distribution influences modelled carbon emissions but cannot be inferred from aboveground vegetation type. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:502-514. [PMID: 37227127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of roots throughout the soil drives depth-dependent plant-soil interactions and ecosystem processes, particularly in arctic tundra where plant biomass, is predominantly belowground. Vegetation is usually classified from aboveground, but it is unclear whether such classifications are suitable to estimate belowground attributes and their consequences, such as rooting depth distribution and its influence on carbon cycling. We performed a meta-analysis of 55 published arctic rooting depth profiles, testing for differences both between distributions based on aboveground vegetation types (Graminoid, Wetland, Erect-shrub, and Prostrate-shrub tundra) and between 'Root Profile Types' for which we defined three representative and contrasting clusters. We further analyzed potential impacts of these different rooting depth distributions on rhizosphere priming-induced carbon losses from tundra soils. Rooting depth distribution hardly differed between aboveground vegetation types but varied between Root Profile Types. Accordingly, modelled priming-induced carbon emissions were similar between aboveground vegetation types when they were applied to the entire tundra, but ranged from 7.2 to 17.6 Pg C cumulative emissions until 2100 between individual Root Profile Types. Variations in rooting depth distribution are important for the circumpolar tundra carbon-climate feedback but can currently not be inferred adequately from aboveground vegetation type classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Blume-Werry
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Frida Keuper
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, F-02000, Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Matti Kummu
- Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Systems Ecology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Ciccarelli D, Bona C, Carta A. Coordination between leaf and root traits in Mediterranean coastal dune plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:973-980. [PMID: 37429743 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant trait-based functional spectra are crucial to assess ecosystem functions and services. Whilst most research has focused on aboveground vegetative traits (leaf economic spectrum, LES), contrasting evidence on any coordination between the LES and root economic spectrum (RES) has been reported. Studying spectra variation along environmental gradients and accounting for species' phylogenetic relatedness may help to elucidate the strength of coordination between above- and belowground trait variation. We focused on leaf and root traits of 39 species sampled in three distinct habitats (front, back and slack) along a shoreline-inland gradient on coastal dunes. We tested, within a phylogenetic comparative framework, for the presence of the LES and RES, for any coordination between these spectra, and explored their relation to variation in ecological strategies along this gradient. In each habitat, three-quarters of trait variation is captured in two-dimensional spectra, with species' phylogenetic relatedness moderately influencing coordination and trade-off between traits. Along the shoreline-inland gradient, aboveground traits support the LES in all habitats. Belowground traits are consistent with the RES in the back-habitat only, where the environmental constraints are weaker, and a coordination between leaf and root traits was also found, supporting the whole-plant spectrum (PES). This study confirms the complexity when seeking any correlation between the LES and RES in ecosystems characterized by multiple environmental pressures, such as those investigated here. Changes in traits adopted to resist environmental constraints are similar among species, independent of their evolutionary relatedness, thus explaining the low phylogenetic contribution in support of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ciccarelli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Bona
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - A Carta
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CIRSEC, Centre for Climatic Change Impact, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Yan Q, Tong J, Li S, Peng Q. Barnyard Grass Stress Triggers Changes in Root Traits and Phytohormone Levels in Allelopathic and Non-Allelopathic Rice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1074. [PMID: 37626960 PMCID: PMC10452299 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing knowledge concerning allelopathic interference with barnyard grass, little is understood regarding the competitive physiological mechanisms of the interaction between allelopathic rice and herbicide-resistant barnyard grass. A hydroponic system was employed to investigate the root morphological traits and different phytohormonal changes in allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice cultivars when co-planted with quinclorac-resistant and -susceptible barnyard grass, respectively. The results show that shoot and root biomass were greater in PI. Barnyard grass stress induced an increase in shoot and root biomass in PI at 7 and 14 days of co-culturing rice and barnyard grass. Especially under the stress of quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass, the shoot biomass of PI increased by 23% and 68%, respectively, and the root biomass increased by 37% and 34%, respectively. In terms of root morphology, PI exhibited a significantly higher fine-root length, in root diameters of <0.5 mm, a greater number of root tips, and longer root tips compared to LE. The response to quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass stress was consistent in terms of the SA and JA content. The obvious accumulation of SA and JA was observed in two rice cultivars under quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass stress, with greater amounts of SA and JA in PI. The significant decrease in auxin (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content in rice was detected from 7 to 14 days under co-culture stress. Additionally, highly significant and positive correlations were found between SA and JA content, and the number of root tips and root tip length at root diameters of 0-0.5 mm in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiling Yan
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Jianhua Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Shuyan Li
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.Y.); (S.L.)
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiong Peng
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China; (Q.Y.); (S.L.)
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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18
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Ruperao P, Rangan P, Shah T, Thakur V, Kalia S, Mayes S, Rathore A. The Progression in Developing Genomic Resources for Crop Improvement. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1668. [PMID: 37629524 PMCID: PMC10455509 DOI: 10.3390/life13081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequencing technologies have rapidly evolved over the past two decades, and new technologies are being continually developed and commercialized. The emerging sequencing technologies target generating more data with fewer inputs and at lower costs. This has also translated to an increase in the number and type of corresponding applications in genomics besides enhanced computational capacities (both hardware and software). Alongside the evolving DNA sequencing landscape, bioinformatics research teams have also evolved to accommodate the increasingly demanding techniques used to combine and interpret data, leading to many researchers moving from the lab to the computer. The rich history of DNA sequencing has paved the way for new insights and the development of new analysis methods. Understanding and learning from past technologies can help with the progress of future applications. This review focuses on the evolution of sequencing technologies, their significant enabling role in generating plant genome assemblies and downstream applications, and the parallel development of bioinformatics tools and skills, filling the gap in data analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ruperao
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Trushar Shah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nairobi 30709-00100, Kenya;
| | - Vivek Thakur
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India;
| | - Sanjay Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi 110003, India;
| | - Sean Mayes
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India
| | - Abhishek Rathore
- Excellence in Breeding, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Hyderabad 502324, India
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Mori AS, Suzuki KF, Hori M, Kadoya T, Okano K, Uraguchi A, Muraoka H, Sato T, Shibata H, Suzuki-Ohno Y, Koba K, Toda M, Nakano SI, Kondoh M, Kitajima K, Nakamura M. Perspective: sustainability challenges, opportunities and solutions for long-term ecosystem observations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220192. [PMID: 37246388 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As interest in natural capital grows and society increasingly recognizes the value of biodiversity, we must discuss how ecosystem observations to detect changes in biodiversity can be sustained through collaboration across regions and sectors. However, there are many barriers to establishing and sustaining large-scale, fine-resolution ecosystem observations. First, comprehensive monitoring data on both biodiversity and possible anthropogenic factors are lacking. Second, some in situ ecosystem observations cannot be systematically established and maintained across locations. Third, equitable solutions across sectors and countries are needed to build a global network. Here, by examining individual cases and emerging frameworks, mainly from (but not limited to) Japan, we illustrate how ecological science relies on long-term data and how neglecting basic monitoring of our home planet further reduces our chances of overcoming the environmental crisis. We also discuss emerging techniques and opportunities, such as environmental DNA and citizen science as well as using the existing and forgotten sites of monitoring, that can help overcome some of the difficulties in establishing and sustaining ecosystem observations at a large scale with fine resolution. Overall, this paper presents a call to action for joint monitoring of biodiversity and anthropogenic factors, the systematic establishment and maintenance of in situ observations, and equitable solutions across sectors and countries to build a global network, beyond cultures, languages, and economic status. We hope that our proposed framework and the examples from Japan can serve as a starting point for further discussions and collaborations among stakeholders across multiple sectors of society. It is time to take the next step in detecting changes in socio-ecological systems, and if monitoring and observation can be made more equitable and feasible, they will play an even more important role in ensuring global sustainability for future generations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira S Mori
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Kureha F Suzuki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hori
- Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 6F Technowave100, 1-1-25 Shin-urashima, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-8529, Japan
| | - Taku Kadoya
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Kotaro Okano
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Aya Uraguchi
- Conservation International Japan, 1-17 Yotsuya, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-0014, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Sato
- International Strategy Division, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shibata
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, N9 W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0809, Japan
| | - Yukari Suzuki-Ohno
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Mariko Toda
- Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd. Shinjuku Front Tower, 21-1, Kita-Shinjuku 2-chome, Shinjukuku, Tokyo 169-0074, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Hirano 2-509-3, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
| | - Michio Kondoh
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 053-0035, Japan
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20
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Solly EF, Jaeger ACH, Barthel M, Werner RA, Zürcher A, Hagedorn F, Six J, Hartmann M. Water limitation intensity shifts carbon allocation dynamics in Scots pine mesocosms. PLANT AND SOIL 2023; 490:499-519. [PMID: 37780069 PMCID: PMC10533586 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Tree species worldwide suffer from extended periods of water limitation. These conditions not only affect the growth and vitality of trees but also feed back on the cycling of carbon (C) at the plant-soil interface. However, the impact of progressing water loss from soils on the transfer of assimilated C belowground remains unresolved. Methods Using mesocosms, we assessed how increasing levels of water deficit affect the growth of Pinus sylvestris saplings and performed a 13C-CO2 pulse labelling experiment to trace the pathway of assimilated C into needles, fine roots, soil pore CO2, and phospholipid fatty acids of soil microbial groups. Results With increasing water limitation, trees partitioned more biomass belowground at the expense of aboveground growth. Moderate levels of water limitation barely affected the uptake of 13C label and the transit time of C from needles to the soil pore CO2. Comparatively, more severe water limitation increased the fraction of 13C label that trees allocated to fine roots and soil fungi while a lower fraction of 13CO2 was readily respired from the soil. Conclusions When soil water becomes largely unavailable, C cycling within trees becomes slower, and a fraction of C allocated belowground may accumulate in fine roots or be transferred to the soil and associated microorganisms without being metabolically used. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11104-023-06093-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F. Solly
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid C. H. Jaeger
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matti Barthel
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Grassland Sciences Group, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Zürcher
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biogeochemistry Group, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903 Switzerland
| | - Johan Six
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Sustainable Agroecosystems Group, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Arnaud M, Krause S, Norby RJ, Dang TH, Acil N, Kettridge N, Gauci V, Ullah S. Global mangrove root production, its controls and roles in the blue carbon budget of mangroves. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3256-3270. [PMID: 36994691 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are among the most carbon-dense ecosystems worldwide. Most of the carbon in mangroves is found belowground, and root production might be an important control of carbon accumulation, but has been rarely quantified and understood at the global scale. Here, we determined the global mangrove root production rate and its controls using a systematic review and a recently formalised, spatially explicit mangrove typology framework based on geomorphological settings. We found that global mangrove root production averaged ~770 ± 202 g of dry biomass m-2 year-1 globally, which is much higher than previously reported and close to the root production of the most productive tropical forests. Geomorphological settings exerted marked control over root production together with air temperature and precipitation (r2 ≈ 30%, p < .001). Our review shows that individual global changes (e.g. warming, eutrophication, drought) have antagonist effects on root production, but they have rarely been studied in combination. Based on this newly established root production rate, root-derived carbon might account for most of the total carbon buried in mangroves, and 19 Tg C lost in mangroves each year (e.g. as CO2 ). Inclusion of root production measurements in understudied geomorphological settings (i.e. deltas), regions (Indonesia, South America and Africa) and soil depth (>40 cm), as well as the creation of a mangrove root trait database will push forward our understanding of the global mangrove carbon cycle for now and the future. Overall, this review presents a comprehensive analysis of root production in mangroves, and highlights the central role of root production in the global mangrove carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Arnaud
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023, Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Villeurbanne, France
| | - Richard J Norby
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Thuong Huyen Dang
- Faculty of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Technology, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Vietnam
| | - Nezha Acil
- Institute for Environmental Futures, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Space Park Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Space Park Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sami Ullah
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Birmingham, UK
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22
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Wang B, McCormack ML, Ricciuto DM, Yang X, Iversen CM. Embracing fine-root system complexity in terrestrial ecosystem modeling. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2871-2885. [PMID: 36861355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Projecting the dynamics and functioning of the biosphere requires a holistic consideration of whole-ecosystem processes. However, biases toward leaf, canopy, and soil modeling since the 1970s have constantly left fine-root systems being rudimentarily treated. As accelerated empirical advances in the last two decades establish clearly functional differentiation conferred by the hierarchical structure of fine-root orders and associations with mycorrhizal fungi, a need emerges to embrace this complexity to bridge the data-model gap in still extremely uncertain models. Here, we propose a three-pool structure comprising transport and absorptive fine roots with mycorrhizal fungi (TAM) to model vertically resolved fine-root systems across organizational and spatial-temporal scales. Emerging from a conceptual shift away from arbitrary homogenization, TAM builds upon theoretical and empirical foundations as an effective and efficient approximation that balances realism and simplicity. A proof-of-concept demonstration of TAM in a big-leaf model both conservatively and radically shows robust impacts of differentiation within fine-root systems on simulating carbon cycling in temperate forests. Theoretical and quantitative support warrants exploiting its rich potentials across ecosystems and models to confront uncertainties and challenges for a predictive understanding of the biosphere. Echoing a broad trend of embracing ecological complexity in integrative ecosystem modeling, TAM may offer a consistent framework where modelers and empiricists can work together toward this grand goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
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23
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Ping Q, Fang C, Yuan X, Agathokleous E, He H, Zheng H, Feng Z. Nitrogen addition changed the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with key physiological traits in ozone-stressed poplars. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162721. [PMID: 36898537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) addition may have contradictory effects on plant photosynthesis and growth. However, it remains unclear whether these effects on aboveground parts further change the root resource management strategy and the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with other physiological traits. In this study, an open-top chamber experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of O3 alone and in combination with nitrogen (N) addition on root production and fine root respiration of poplar clone 107 (Populus × euramericana cv. '74/76'). Saplings were grown with (100 kg ha-1 year-1) or without (+0 kg ha-1 year-1) N addition under two O3 regimes (non-filtered ambient air or non-filtered ambient air + 60 ppb of O3). After about two to three months of treatment, elevated O3 significantly decreased fine root biomass and starch content but increased fine root respiration, which occurred in tandem with inhibited leaf light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat). Nitrogen addition did not change fine root respiration or biomass, neither did it alter the effect of elevated O3 on the fine root traits. However, N addition weakened the relationships of fine root respiration and biomass with Asat, fine root starch and N concentrations. No significant relationships of fine root biomass and respiration with soil mineralized N were observed under elevated O3 or N addition. These results imply that changed relationships of plant fine root traits under global changes should be considered into earth system process models to project more accurately future carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Hongxing He
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A OB9, Canada
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing Road 18, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink, China Meteorological Administration (ECSS-CMA), School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China.
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24
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Yi R, Liu Q, Yang F, Dai X, Meng S, Fu X, Li S, Kou L, Wang H. Complementary belowground strategies underlie species coexistence in an early successional forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:612-623. [PMID: 36647205 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Unravelling belowground strategies is critical for understanding species coexistence and successional dynamics; yet, our knowledge of nutrient acquisition strategies of forest species at different successional stages remains limited. We measured morphological (diameter, specific root length, and root tissue density), architectural (branching ratio), physiological (ammonium, nitrate, and glycine uptake rates) root traits, and mycorrhizal colonisation rates of eight coexisting woody species in an early successional plantation forest in subtropical China. By incorporating physiological uptake efficiency, we revealed a bi-dimensional root economics space comprising of an 'amount-efficiency' dimension represented by morphological and physiological traits, and a 'self-symbiosis' dimension dominated by architectural and mycorrhizal traits. The early pioneer species relied on root-fungal symbiosis, developing densely branched roots with high mycorrhizal colonisation rates for foraging mobile soil nitrate. The late pioneer species invested in roots themselves and allocated effort towards improving uptake efficiency of less-mobile ammonium. Within the root economics space, the covariation of axes with soil phosphorus availability also distinguished the strategy preference of the two successional groups. These results demonstrate the importance of incorporating physiological uptake efficiency into root economics space, and reveal a trade-off between expanding soil physical space exploration and improving physiological uptake efficiency for successional species coexistence in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Yi
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianyuan Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, China
| | - Fengting Yang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shenggong Li
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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25
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Paź‐Dyderska S, Jagodziński AM. In search of a perfect trait set: A workflow presentation based on the conservation status assessment of Poland's dendroflora. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9979. [PMID: 37038519 PMCID: PMC10082170 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the dynamically changing environment, we cannot be sure whether we are using the best possible plant functional traits to explain ecological mechanisms. We provide a quantitative comparison of 13 trait sets to determine the availability of functional traits representing different plant organs, assess the trait sets with the highest explanatory potential, and check whether including a higher number of traits in a model increases its accuracy. We evaluated the trait sets by preparing 13 models using similar methodology and responding to a research question: How do models with different sets of functional traits predict the conservation status of species? We used the dataset covering all woody species from Poland (N = 387), with 23 functional traits. Our findings indicate that what matters most for a trait set of high explanatory power is the precise selection of those traits. The best fit model was based on the findings of Díaz et al. (2016; The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, 529, 167-171) and included only six traits. Importantly, traits representing different plant organs should be included whenever possible: Three of the four best models from our comparison were the ones that included traits of various plant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej M. Jagodziński
- Institute of DendrologyPolish Academy of SciencesKórnikPoland
- Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyPoznań University of Life SciencesPoznańPoland
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26
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Zhang M, Ni Y, Li M. Evaluation of the growth, adaption, and ecosystem services of two potentially-introduced urban tree species in Guangzhou under drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3563. [PMID: 36864292 PMCID: PMC9981607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30782-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Under rapid urbanization and agglomeration of population, cities are facing various environmental challenges. As urban forests play a crucial role in mitigating native environmental problems and providing ecosystem services, cities might enhance their urban forest construction through multiple approaches, of which the introduction of exotic tree species could be an effective way. Under the background of constructing a high-quality forest city, Guangzhou was considering introducing a series of exotic tree species to improve the local urban greening, among which Tilia cordata Mill. and Tilia tomentosa Moench became the potential objects. As Guangzhou was reported to experience higher temperatures with less precipitation and face drought events with increasing frequency and intensity, whether the two tree species could survive in the dry environment required to be investigated profoundly. Thus, we launched a drought-simulation experiment and measured their above- and below-ground growth in 2020. In addition, their ecosystem services were also simulated and evaluated for their future adaption. Furthermore, a congeneric native tree species Tilia miqueliana Maxim was also measured in the same experiment as a comparison. Our results showed that Tilia miqueliana exhibited moderate patterns of growth and advantages in evapotranspiration and cooling. Besides, its investment in root development at horizontal level could account for its special strategy against drought stress. Tilia tomentosa's vigorous root growth could be the most positive behavior of coping with water deficit, which explained its maintenance of carbon fixation and implied a well adaption. Tilia cordata showed a complete decrease in above- and below-ground growth, especially for its fine root biomass. In addition, its ecosystem services were significantly reduced, reflecting a comprehensive failure when it faced a long-term scarcity of water. Therefore, it was necessary to supply sufficient water and under-ground space for their living in Guangzhou, especially for Tilia cordata. In the future, long-time observation of their growth under different stresses can be practical approaches to amplify their multiple ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Zhang
- Anhui Institute of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Ni
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mingwei Li
- Anhui Institute of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Hefei, China
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27
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Shishkina E, Shuiskaya A, Sharagin P. Bone marrow dosimetry for mice: exposure from bone-seeking 89,90Sr. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:131-142. [PMID: 36574034 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-01010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies of radiobiological effects in murine rodents exposed to internal radiation in the wild or in laboratory experiments require dosimetric support. The main problem of bone marrow (BM) dosimetry for bone-seeking β-emitters is dosimetric modeling, because the bone is a heterogeneous structure with complex microarchitecture. To date, there are several approaches to calculating the absorbed dose in BM, which mostly use rough geometric approximations. Recently, in the framework of studies of people exposed to 90Sr in the Urals, a new approach (SPSD) has been developed. The aim of the current study was to test for the first time the possibility of extension of the SPSD approach elaborated for humans to mice. For this, computational phantoms of femur bones of laboratory animals (C57BL/6, C57BL/6 J, BALB/c, BALB/cJ) aged 5-8 weeks (growing) and > 8 weeks (adults) were created. The dose factors DFSr-90(BM ← TBV + CBV) to convert the Sr isotope activity concentration in a bone tissue into units of dose rate absorbed in the bone marrow were 1.75 ± 0.42 and 2.57 ± 0.93 μGy day-1 per Bq g-1 for growing and adult animals, respectively, while corresponding values for DFSr-89(BM ← TBV + CBV) were 1.08 ± 0.27 and 1.66 ± 0.67 μGy day-1 per Bq g-1, respectively. These results are about 2.5 times lower than skeleton-average DFs calculated assuming homogenous bone, where source and target coincide. The results of the present study demonstrate the possibility of application of the SPSD approach elaborated for humans to non-human mammals. It is concluded that the study demonstrates the feasibility and appropriateness of application of the SPSD approach elaborated for humans to non-human mammals. This approach opens up new prospects for studying the radiobiological consequences of red bone marrow exposure for both laboratory and wildlife mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shishkina
- Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh Str., 454001, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454124, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
| | - Alina Shuiskaya
- Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Bratiev Kashirinykh Str., 454001, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Pavel Sharagin
- Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, 68A, Vorovsky Str., 454124, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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28
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Griffin-Nolan RJ, Felton AJ, Slette IJ, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Traits that distinguish dominant species across aridity gradients differ from those that respond to soil moisture. Oecologia 2023; 201:311-322. [PMID: 36640197 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Many plant traits respond to changes in water availability and might be useful for understanding ecosystem properties such as net primary production (NPP). This is especially evident in grasslands where NPP is water-limited and primarily determined by the traits of dominant species. We measured root and shoot morphology, leaf hydraulic traits, and NPP of four dominant North American prairie grasses in response to four levels of soil moisture in a greenhouse experiment. We expected that traits of species from drier regions would be more responsive to reduced water availability and that this would make these species more resistant to low soil moisture than species from wetter regions. All four species grew taller, produced more biomass, and increased total root length in wetter treatments. Each species reduced its leaf turgor loss point (TLP) in drier conditions, but only two species (one xeric, one mesic) maintained leaf water potential above TLP. We identified a suite of traits that clearly distinguished species from one another, but, surprisingly, these traits were relatively unresponsive to reduced soil moisture. Specifically, more xeric species produced thinner roots with higher specific root length and had a lower root mass fraction. This suggest that root traits are critical for distinguishing species from one another but might not respond strongly to changing water availability, though this warrants further investigation in the field. Overall, we found that NPP of these dominant grass species responded similarly to varying levels of soil moisture despite differences in species morphology, physiology, and habitat of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Griffin-Nolan
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA. .,Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95053, USA.
| | - Andrew J Felton
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA.,Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ingrid J Slette
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Long Term Ecological Research Network Office, National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA
| | - Melinda D Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Fine-resolution global maps of root biomass carbon colonized by arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Sci Data 2023; 10:56. [PMID: 36697422 PMCID: PMC9877027 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized importance of mycorrhizal associations in ecosystem functioning, the actual abundance patterns of mycorrhizal fungi belowground are still unknown. This information is key for better quantification of mycorrhizal impacts on ecosystem processes and for incorporating mycorrhizal pathways into global biogeochemical models. Here we present the first high-resolution maps of fine root stocks colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi (MgC ha-1). The maps were assembled by combining multiple open-source databases holding information on root biomass carbon, the proportion of AM and EcM tree biomass, plot-level relative abundance of plant species and intensity of AM and EcM root colonization. We calculated root-associated AM and EcM abundance in 881 spatial units, defined as the combination of ecoregions and land cover types across six continents. The highest AM abundances are observed in the (sub-)tropics, while the highest EcM abundances occur in the taiga regions. These maps serve as a basis for future research where continuous spatial estimates of root mycorrhizal stocks are needed.
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30
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Weemstra M, Valverde‐Barrantes OJ, McCormack ML, Kong D. Root traits and functioning: from individual plants to ecosystems. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Weemstra
- Dept of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Florida International Univ. Miami FL USA
| | - Oscar J. Valverde‐Barrantes
- Dept of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Biodiversity, Florida International Univ. Miami FL USA
| | | | - Deliang Kong
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural Univ. Zhengzhou China
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31
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Wen X, Wang X, Ye M, Liu H, He W, Wang Y, Li T, Zhao K, Hou G, Chen G, Li X, Fan C. Response strategies of fine root morphology of Cupressus funebris to the different soil environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1077090. [PMID: 36618632 PMCID: PMC9811150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1077090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding fine root morphology is crucial to uncover water and nutrient acquisition and transposition of fine roots. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how the soil environment affects the fine root morphology of various root orders in the stable forest ecosystem. Therefore, this experiment assessed the response strategies of fine root morphology (first- to fifth -order fine roots) in four different soil environments. The results showed that fine root morphology was related to soil environment, and there were significant differences in specific root length (SRL), specific surface area (SRA), diameter (D), and root tissue density (RTD) of first- and second -order fine roots. Soil total nitrogen (TN), alkaline nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were positively correlated with SRL and SRA and negatively correlated with D and RTD. Soil moisture (SW) was positively correlated with the D and RTD of first- and second-order fine roots and negatively correlated with the SRL and SRA. Soil temperature (ST), organic carbon (OC), soil bulk density (SBD) and soil porosity (SP) were not significantly correlated with the D, SRL, SRA, and RTD of the first- and second -order fine roots. AN was positively correlated with SRL and SRA and negatively correlated with both D and RTD in the first- and second -order fine roots, and the correlation coefficient was very significant. Therefore, we finally concluded that soil AN was the most critical factor affecting root D, SRL, SRA and RTD of fine roots, and mainly affected the morphology of first- and second -order fine roots. In conclusion, our research provides support for understanding the relationship between fine root morphology and soil environment, and indicates that soil nutrient gradient forms good root morphology at intraspecific scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchun He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuangji Zhao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Guirong Hou
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Fan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River and Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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32
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Pesticide sorption and mitigation efficiency of a detention pond in a Champagne vineyard catchment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11475. [PMID: 36406734 PMCID: PMC9668682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Detention ponds (DPs) are used to reduce the pesticide inputs from runoff to surface water. This study aimed to assess the role of the sorption process in the mitigation of a DP made up of four successive units and built at the outlet of a vineyard catchment in Champagne (France) to treat runoff waters. Sorption kinetics and isotherms were studied for four pesticides with contrasting properties, cyazofamid (CYA), fludioxonil (FLX), fluopicolide (FLP) and oryzalin (ORY), in the presence of copper in sediments and four emergent macrophyte roots and rhizomes sampled in the DP units 2 (photodegradation) and 3 (phytoremediation). The adsorption equilibrium time (from 24 to 96 h) was less than the hydraulic residence times in the two units (6 and 18 days on average) between November 2016 and November 2017. Sorption equilibrium could then be reached in situ in 85 % of cases. The Kd coefficients of the four pesticides were overall greater in plant roots (14–6742 L kg−1) than in sediments (6–163 L kg−1) because of their affinity for organic matter and the molecular and porous structure of the plant matrices. Typha latifolia and Iris pseudacorus exhibited greater Kd coefficients than Mentha aquatica and Phragmites australis, probably due to their greater specific surface area. The pesticide adsorption capacity in sediments and in T. latifolia and I. pseudacorus roots (ORY ≥ FLX > CYA > FLP) was linked to their Kow. The estimated total annual amounts of the four pesticides adsorbed in situ were determined to be 1236 mg for unit 2 and 1570 mg for unit 3. The four plants improved the removal efficiency of the unit 3 by 33%. Thus, the establishment of suitable and effective plants should be promoted to optimize sorption processes and DP efficiency in reducing water pollution. Pesticide sorption on various substrates of a vineyard detention pond was assessed. The measured equilibrium time was less than the in situ hydraulic residence time. Plant roots and rhizomes showed greater pesticide adsorption capacity than sediments. Sorption capacity was higher on cattail and iris than on mint and reed. Affinity of selected pesticides for roots and sediments was related to their Kow.
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Mao Z, Roumet C, Rossi LMW, Merino‐Martín L, Nespoulous J, Taugourdeau O, Boukcim H, Fourtier S, Del Rey‐Granado M, Ramel M, Ji K, Zuo J, Fromin N, Stokes A, Fort F. Intra‐ and inter‐specific variation in root mechanical traits for twelve herbaceous plants and their link with the root economics space. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Mao
- Univ. Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | | | - Lorenzo M. W. Rossi
- Univ. Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
- Univ. of Cassino Cassino (Fr) Italy
| | - Luis Merino‐Martín
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
- Depto de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merlin Ramel
- Univ. Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Kang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Juan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- Centre of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | | | - Alexia Stokes
- Univ. Montpellier, AMAP, INRAE, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD Montpellier France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, Inst. Agro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD Montpellier France
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34
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Marín C, Rubio J, Godoy R. Chilean blind spots in soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- César Marín
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC) Universidad Santo Tomás Av. Ramón Picarte 1130 5090000 Valdivia Chile
| | - Javiera Rubio
- Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - Roberto Godoy
- Instituto Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
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Tree mycorrhizal type mediates conspecific negative density dependence effects on seedling herbivory, growth, and survival. Oecologia 2022; 199:907-918. [PMID: 35920917 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05224-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Tree mycorrhizal type plays an important role in promoting plant species diversity and coexistence, via its mediating role in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), i.e., the process by which an individual's performance is impaired by the density of conspecific plants. Previous findings suggest that ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species are generally less susceptible to CNDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) tree species, due to the chemical and physical protection that EM fungi provide their host with. We examined how CNDD effects on leaf herbivory, seedling growth, and survival differ between AM and EM seedlings of ten tree species collected over 3 years in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China. We found that AM and EM seedlings differed in how conspecific density affected their leaf herbivory, seedling growth, and survival. Specifically, AM seedlings leaf herbivory rates significantly increased with increasing conspecific seedling and adult density, and their growth and survival rates decreased with increasing conspecific adult density, these patterns were, however, absent in EM seedlings. Our work suggests that AM seedlings have a performance disadvantage relative to EM seedlings related to the negative effects from conspecific neighbors. We highlight the importance of integrating information on seedling leaf herbivory, seedling growth, to provide further understanding on potential mechanisms driving differences in CNDD between AM and EM tree seedlings.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knöll Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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37
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Vulnerability of non-native invasive plants to novel pathogen attack: do plant traits matter? Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Weemstra M, Kuyper TW, Sterck FJ, Umaña MN. Incorporating belowground traits: avenues towards a whole‐tree perspective on performance. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Weemstra
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Thomas W. Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - María Natalia Umaña
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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39
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A global database of woody tissue carbon concentrations. Sci Data 2022. [PMCID: PMC9184483 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01396-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody tissue carbon (C) concentration is a key wood trait necessary for accurately estimating forest C stocks and fluxes, which also varies widely across species and biomes. However, coarse approximations of woody tissue C (e.g., 50%) remain commonplace in forest C estimation and reporting protocols, despite leading to substantial errors in forest C estimates. Here, we describe the Global Woody Tissue Carbon Concentration Database (GLOWCAD): a database containing 3,676 individual records of woody tissue C concentrations from 864 tree species. Woody tissue C concentration data—i.e., the mass of C per unit dry mass—were obtained from live and dead woody tissues from 130 peer-reviewed sources published between 1980–2020. Auxiliary data for each observation include tissue type, as well as decay class and size characteristics for dead wood. In GLOWCAD, 1,242 data points are associated with geographic coordinates, and are therefore presented alongside 46 standardized bioclimatic variables extracted from climate databases. GLOWCAD represents the largest available woody tissue C concentration database, and informs studies on forest C estimation, as well as analyses evaluating the extent, causes, and consequences of inter- and intraspecific variation in wood chemical traits. Measurement(s) | wood carbon concentrations | Technology Type(s) | elemental analyzer | Factor Type(s) | species | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Plant | Sample Characteristic - Environment | terrestrial biome | Sample Characteristic - Location | Globe |
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40
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Yan H, Freschet GT, Wang H, Hogan JA, Li S, Valverde-Barrantes OJ, Fu X, Wang R, Dai X, Jiang L, Meng S, Yang F, Zhang M, Kou L. Mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility frame root economics space among tree species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1639-1653. [PMID: 35243647 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The root economics space (RES) is multidimensional and largely shaped by belowground biotic and abiotic influences. However, how root-fungal symbioses and edaphic fertility drive this complexity remains unclear. Here, we measured absorptive root traits of 112 tree species in temperate and subtropical forests of China, including traits linked to functional differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts. Our data, from known mycorrhizal tree species, revealed a 'fungal-symbiosis' dimension distinguishing AM from ECM species. This divergence likely resulted from the contrasting mycorrhizal evolutionary development of AM vs ECM associations. Increased root tissue cortical space facilitates AM symbiosis, whereas increased root branching favours ECM symbiosis. Irrespective of mycorrhizal type, a 'root-lifespan' dimension reflecting aspects of root construction cost and defence was controlled by variation in specific root length and root tissue density, which was fully independent of root nitrogen content. Within this function-based RES, we observed a substantial covariation of axes with soil phosphorus and nitrate levels, highlighting the role played by these two axes in nutrient acquisition and conservation. Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of evolved mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility in framing the RES, and provide theoretical and mechanistic insights into the complexity of root economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
| | - Huimin Wang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - James Aaron Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32605, USA
| | - Shenggong Li
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Oscar J Valverde-Barrantes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, International Center of Tropical Biodiversity, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xiaoli Fu
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoqin Dai
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shengwang Meng
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fengting Yang
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Liang Kou
- Qianyanzhou Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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41
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Slette IJ, Hoover DL, Smith MD, Knapp AK. Repeated extreme droughts decrease root production, but not the potential for post‐drought recovery of root production, in a mesic grassland. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J. Slette
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
| | - David L. Hoover
- USDA‐ARS Rangeland Resources and Systems Research Unit, Crops Research Laboratory Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Alan K. Knapp
- Dept of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State Univ. Fort Collins CO USA
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42
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Jian Z, Ni Y, Lei L, Xu J, Xiao W, Zeng L. Phosphorus is the key soil indicator controlling productivity in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153525. [PMID: 35104531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil physiochemical properties are critical to understanding forest productivity and carbon (C) finance schemes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have focused on the effects of the soil physiochemical properties on the productivity in planted forests. This study was therefore conducted at 113 sampling plots located in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China to test what and how the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) would be explained by the soil physiochemical properties, stand attributes, and functional traits using regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM). Across subtropical China, the ANPP ranged from 1.79 to 14.04 Mg ha-1 year-1 among the plots, with an average value of 6.05 Mg ha-1 year-1. The variations in ANPP were positively related to the stand density, root phosphorus (P) content and soil total P content but were negatively related to the stand age, root C:P and N:P ratios. Among these factors, the combined effects of stand density, stand age and soil total P content explained 35% of the ANPP variations. The SEM results showed the indirect effect of the soil total P content via the root P content and C:P ratio on the ANPP and indirect effects of other soil properties (e.g., pH, clay, and bulk density) via the soil total P content and root functional traits (e.g., root P, C:P, and N:P) on the ANPP. By considering all possible variables and paths, the best-fitting SEM explained only 11-13% of the ANPP variations, which suggested that other factors may be more important in determining the productivity in planted forests. Overall, this study highlights that soil total P content should be used as a key soil indicator for determining the ANPP in planted Masson pine forests across subtropical China, and suggests that the root functional traits mediate the effects of soil properties on the ANPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunji Jian
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Ni
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfa Xiao
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiong Zeng
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, China.
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Yaffar D, Cabugao KG, Meier IC. Representing root physiological traits in the root economic space framework. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:773-775. [PMID: 35355283 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Yaffar
- Functional Forest Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
| | - Kristine G Cabugao
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ina C Meier
- Functional Forest Ecology, Universität Hamburg, Barsbüttel, 22885, Germany
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Amato MT, Giménez D. Quantifying root turnover in grasslands from biomass dynamics: Application of the growth-maintenance respiration paradigm and re-analysis of historical data. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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See CR, Keller AB, Hobbie SE, Kennedy PG, Weber PK, Pett-Ridge J. Hyphae move matter and microbes to mineral microsites: Integrating the hyphosphere into conceptual models of soil organic matter stabilization. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2527-2540. [PMID: 34989058 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Associations between soil minerals and microbially derived organic matter (often referred to as mineral-associated organic matter or MAOM) form a large pool of slowly cycling carbon (C). The rhizosphere, soil immediately adjacent to roots, is thought to control the spatial extent of MAOM formation because it is the dominant entry point of new C inputs to soil. However, emphasis on the rhizosphere implicitly assumes that microbial redistribution of C into bulk (non-rhizosphere) soils is minimal. We question this assumption, arguing that because of extensive fungal exploration and rapid hyphal turnover, fungal redistribution of soil C from the rhizosphere to bulk soil minerals is common, and encourages MAOM formation. First, we summarize published estimates of fungal hyphal length density and turnover rates and demonstrate that fungal C inputs are high throughout the rhizosphere-bulk soil continuum. Second, because colonization of hyphal surfaces is a common dispersal mechanism for soil bacteria, we argue that hyphal exploration allows for the non-random colonization of mineral surfaces by hyphae-associated taxa. Third, these bacterial communities and their fungal hosts determine the chemical form of organic matter deposited on colonized mineral surfaces. Collectively, our analysis demonstrates that omission of the hyphosphere from conceptual models of soil C flow overlooks key mechanisms for MAOM formation in bulk soils. Moving forward, there is a clear need for spatially explicit, quantitative research characterizing the environmental drivers of hyphal exploration and hyphosphere community composition across systems, as these are important controls over the rate and organic chemistry of C deposited on minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R See
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adrienne B Keller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter G Kennedy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Pett-Ridge
- Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, California, USA
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Tree functional traits, forest biomass, and tree species diversity interact with site properties to drive forest soil carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1097. [PMID: 35233020 PMCID: PMC8888738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Forests constitute important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. However, how trees and environmental conditions interact to determine the amount of organic carbon stored in forest soils is a hotly debated subject. In particular, how tree species influence soil organic carbon (SOC) remains unclear. Based on a global compilation of data, we show that functional traits of trees and forest standing biomass explain half of the local variability in forest SOC. The effects of functional traits on SOC depended on the climatic and soil conditions with the strongest effect observed under boreal climate and on acidic, poor, coarse-textured soils. Mixing tree species in forests also favours the storage of SOC, provided that a biomass over-yielding occurs in mixed forests. We propose that the forest carbon sink can be optimised by (i) increasing standing biomass, (ii) increasing forest species richness, and (iii) choosing forest composition based on tree functional traits according to the local conditions. Forests constitute important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. This study investigates how tree species influence soil organic carbon using a global dataset, showing the importance of tree functional traits and forest standing biomass to optimise forest carbon sink.
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Is it best to add native shrubs to a coastal sage scrub restoration project as seeds or as seedlings? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262410. [PMID: 35134054 PMCID: PMC8824352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological restoration frequently involves the addition of native plants, but the effectiveness (in terms of plant growth, plant survival, and cost) of using seeds versus container plants has not been studied in many plant communities. It is also not known if plant success would vary by species or based on functional traits. To answer these questions, we added several shrub species to a coastal sage scrub restoration site as seeds or as seedlings in a randomized block design. We measured percent cover, density, species richness, size, survival, and costs. Over the two years of the study, shrubs added to the site as seeds grew more and continued to have greater density than plants added from containers. Seeded plots also had greater native species richness than planted plots. However, shrubs from containers had higher survival rates, and percent cover was comparable between the planted and seeded treatments. Responses varied by species depending on functional traits, with deep-rooted evergreen species establishing better from container plants. Our cost analysis showed that it is more expensive to use container plants than seed, with most of the costs attributed to labor and supplies needed to grow plants. Our measurements of shrub density, survival, species richness, and growth in two years in our experimental plots lead us to conclude that coastal sage scrub restoration with seeds is optimal for increasing density and species richness with limited funds, yet the addition of some species from container plants may be necessary if key species are desired as part of the project objectives.
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Erktan A, Roumet C, Munoz F. Dissecting fine root diameter distribution at the community level captures root morphological diversity. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Erktan
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- J.F. Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - François Munoz
- AMAP, INRA, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Univ. Montpellier Montpellier France
- Univ. Grenoble‐Alpes, LIPhy Grenoble
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Liu X, Ma Y, Manevski K, Andersen MN, Li Y, Wei Z, Liu F. Biochar and alternate wetting-drying cycles improving rhizosphere soil nutrients availability and tobacco growth by altering root growth strategy in Ferralsol and Anthrosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150513. [PMID: 34571228 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been advocated as a sustainable and eco-friendly practice to improve soil fertility and crop productivity which could aid in the mitigation of climate change. Nonetheless, the combined effects of biochar and irrigation on tobacco growth and soil nutrients in diverse soil types have been incompletely explored. We applied a split-root experiment to investigate the impacts of amendment with 2% softwood- (WBC) and wheat-straw biochar (SBC) on growth responses and rhizosphere soil nutrients availability of tobacco plants grown in a Ferralsol and an Anthrosol. All plants within same soil type received same amount of water daily by either conventional deficit irrigation (CDI) or alternate wetting-drying cycles irrigation (AWD). Compared to the un-amended controls, SBC addition enhanced biomass, carbon (C)-, phosphorus (P)- and potassium (K)-pool in the aboveground organs especially in Anthrosol, despite a negative effect on aboveground nitrogen (N)-pool. Regardless of soil type, biochar combined with AWD lowered root diameter while increased root tissue mass density to engage the plant in an acquisitive strategy for resources, therefore altered leaves stoichiometry as exemplified by lowered N/K, C/P and N/P and increased C/N. The addition of SBC induced a liming effect by increasing Anthrosol soil pH which was further amplified by AWD, but was unaffected on Ferralsol. Moreover, compared to the controls, SBC and AWD increased available P and K, and total C, total N and C/N ratio in the rhizosphere soil which coincided with the lowered soil C and N isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N), though a slight reduction in C and N stocks under AWD. However, such effects were not evident with WBC might be associated with its natures. Thus, combined SBC/AWD application might be an effective strategy to synergistically overcome nutrients restriction and improve tobacco productivity by intensifying nutrients cycling and optimizing plant growth strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Yingying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kiril Manevski
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, 101400 Beijing, China.
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Wen Z, White PJ, Shen J, Lambers H. Linking root exudation to belowground economic traits for resource acquisition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1620-1635. [PMID: 34761404 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a root economics space (RES) is increasingly adopted to explore root trait variation and belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Much progress has been made on interactions of root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses. However, root exudation, with a significant carbon (C) cost (c. 5-21% of total photosynthetically fixed C) to enhance resource acquisition, remains a missing link in this RES. Here, we argue that incorporating root exudation into the structure of RES is key to a holistic understanding of soil nutrient acquisition. We highlight the different functional roles of root exudates in soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Thereafter, we synthesize emerging evidence that illustrates how root exudation interacts with root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses at the level of species and individual plant and argue contrasting patterns in species evolved in P-impoverished vs N-limited environments. Finally, we propose a new conceptual framework, integrating three groups of root functional traits to better capture the complexity of belowground resource-acquisition strategies. Such a deeper understanding of the integrated and dynamic interactions of root morphology, root exudation, and mycorrhizal symbioses will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying species coexistence and how to explore belowground interactions for sustainable managed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jianbo Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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