1
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Gerolamo CS, Pereira L, Costa FRC, Jansen S, Angyalossy V, Nogueira A. Lianas in tropical dry seasonal forests have a high hydraulic efficiency but not always a higher embolism resistance than lianas in rainforests. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 134:337-350. [PMID: 38721801 PMCID: PMC11232521 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lianas have higher relative abundance and biomass in drier seasonal forests than in rainforests, but whether this difference is associated with their hydraulic strategies is unclear. Here, we investigate whether lianas of seasonally dry forests are safer and more efficient in water transport than rainforest lianas, explaining patterns of liana abundance. METHODS We measured hydraulic traits on five pairs of congeneric lianas of the tribe Bignonieae in two contrasting forest sites: the wet 'Dense Ombrophilous Forest' in Central Amazonia (~2 dry months) and the drier 'Semideciduous Seasonal Forest' in the inland Atlantic Forest (~6 dry months). We also gathered a broader database, including 197 trees and 58 liana species from different tropical forests, to compare hydraulic safety between habits and forest types. KEY RESULTS Bignonieae lianas from both forests had high and similar hydraulic efficiency but exhibited variability in resistance to embolism across forest types when phylogenetic relationships were taken into account. Three genera had higher hydraulic safety in the seasonal forest than in the rainforest, but species across both forests had similar positive hydraulic safety margins despite lower predawn water potential values of seasonal forest lianas. We did not find the safety-efficiency trade-off. Merging our results with previously published data revealed a high variability of resistance to embolism in both trees and lianas, independent of forest types. CONCLUSIONS The high hydraulic efficiency of lianas detected here probably favours their rapid growth across tropical forests, but differences in hydraulic safety highlight that some species are highly vulnerable and may rely on other mechanisms to cope with drought. Future research on the lethal dehydration threshold and the connection between hydraulic resistance strategies and liana abundance could offer further insights into tropical forest dynamics under climatic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caian S Gerolamo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Flavia R C Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Veronica Angyalossy
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Anselmo Nogueira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, 09606-070, Brazil
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Wu T, Song Y, Tissue D, Su W, Luo H, Li X, Yang S, Liu X, Yan J, Huang J, Liu J. Photosynthetic and biochemical responses of four subtropical tree seedlings to reduced dry season and increased wet season precipitation and variable N deposition. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad114. [PMID: 37756634 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific variations in phenotypic plasticity of trees that are affected by climate change may alter the ecosystem function of forests. Seedlings of four common tree species (Castanopsis fissa, Michelia macclurei, Dalbergia odorifera and Ormosia pinnata) in subtropical plantations of southern China were grown in the field under rainout shelters and subjected to changing precipitation (48 L of water every 4 days in the dry season, 83 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 4 g m-2 year-1 of nitrogen (N)), low N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 8 g m-2 year-1 N), high N deposition (48 L of water every 2 days in the dry season, 71 L of water every 1 day in the wet season; 10 g m-2 year-1 N) and their interactive effects. We found that the changes in seasonal precipitation reduced the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat) for C. fissa due to declining area-based foliar N concentrations (Na). However, we also found that the interactive effects of changing precipitation and N deposition enhanced Asat for C. fissa by increasing foliar Na concentrations, suggesting that N deposition could alleviate N limitations associated with changing precipitation. Altered precipitation and high N deposition reduced Asat for D. odorifera by decreasing the maximum electron transport rate for RuBP regeneration (Jmax) and maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (Vcmax). Ormosia pinnata under high N deposition exhibited increasing Asat due to higher stomatal conductance and Vcmax. The growth of D. odorifera might be inhibited by changes in seasonal precipitation and N deposition, while O. pinnata may benefit from increasing N deposition in future climates. Our study provides an important insight into the selection of tree species with high capacity to tolerate changing precipitation and N deposition in subtropical plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yuting Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Junhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Juxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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3
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Paligi SS, Link RM, Isasa E, Bittencourt P, Cabral JS, Jansen S, Oliveira RS, Pereira L, Schuldt B. Assessing the agreement between the pneumatic and the flow-centrifuge method for estimating xylem safety in temperate diffuse-porous tree species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1171-1185. [PMID: 37703535 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency of global change-type droughts has created a need for fast, accurate and widely applicable techniques for estimating xylem embolism resistance to improve forecasts of future forest changes. We used data from 12 diffuse-porous temperate tree species covering a wide range of xylem safety to compare the pneumatic and flow-centrifuge method, two rapid methods used for constructing xylem vulnerability curves. We evaluated the agreement between parameters estimated with both methods and the sensitivity of pneumatic measurements to the duration of air discharge (AD) measurements. There was close agreement between xylem water potentials at 50% air discharged (PAD), estimated with the Pneumatron, and 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC), estimated with the flow-centrifuge method (mean signed deviation: 0.12 MPa, Pearson correlation: 0.96 after 15 s of gas extraction). However, the relationship between the estimated slopes was more variable, resulting in lower agreement in the xylem water potential at 12% and 88% PAD/PLC. The agreement between the two methods was not affected by species-specific vessel length distributions. All pneumatic parameters were sensitive to AD time. Overall agreement was highest at relatively short AD times, with an optimum at 16 s. Our results highlight the value of the Pneumatron as an easy and reliable tool to estimate 50% embolism thresholds for a wide range of diffuse-porous temperate angiosperms. Further, our study provides a set of useful metrics for methodological comparisons of vulnerability curves in terms of systematic and random deviations, as well as overall agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Paligi
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - R M Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
| | - E Isasa
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - P Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - J S Cabral
- Ecosystem Modeling Group, Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Jansen
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - R S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Pereira
- Institute of Botany, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - B Schuldt
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair of Forest Botany, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Tharandt, Germany
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4
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Smith-Martin CM, Muscarella R, Hammond WM, Jansen S, Brodribb TJ, Choat B, Johnson DM, Vargas-G G, Uriarte M. Hydraulic variability of tropical forests is largely independent of water availability. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1829-1839. [PMID: 37807917 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropical rainforest woody plants have been thought to have uniformly low resistance to hydraulic failure and to function near the edge of their hydraulic safety margin (HSM), making these ecosystems vulnerable to drought; however, this may not be the case. Using data collected at 30 tropical forest sites for three key traits associated with drought tolerance, we show that site-level hydraulic diversity of leaf turgor loss point, resistance to embolism (P50 ), and HSMs is high across tropical forests and largely independent of water availability. Species with high HSMs (>1 MPa) and low P50 values (< -2 MPa) are common across the wet and dry tropics. This high site-level hydraulic diversity, largely decoupled from water stress, could influence which species are favoured and become dominant under a drying climate. High hydraulic diversity could also make these ecosystems more resilient to variable rainfall regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William M Hammond
- Agronomy Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - German Vargas-G
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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5
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Binks O, Cernusak LA, Liddell M, Bradford M, Coughlin I, Bryant C, Palma AC, Hoffmann L, Alam I, Carle HJ, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Laurance SGW, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Vapour pressure deficit modulates hydraulic function and structure of tropical rainforests under nonlimiting soil water supply. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:1405-1420. [PMID: 37705460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric conditions are expected to become warmer and drier in the future, but little is known about how evaporative demand influences forest structure and function independently from soil moisture availability, and how fast-response variables (such as canopy water potential and stomatal conductance) may mediate longer-term changes in forest structure and function in response to climate change. We used two tropical rainforest sites with different temperatures and vapour pressure deficits (VPD), but nonlimiting soil water supply, to assess the impact of evaporative demand on ecophysiological function and forest structure. Common species between sites allowed us to test the extent to which species composition, relative abundance and intraspecific variability contributed to site-level differences. The highest VPD site had lower midday canopy water potentials, canopy conductance (gc ), annual transpiration, forest stature, and biomass, while the transpiration rate was less sensitive to changes in VPD; it also had different height-diameter allometry (accounting for 51% of the difference in biomass between sites) and higher plot-level wood density. Our findings suggest that increases in VPD, even in the absence of soil water limitation, influence fast-response variables, such as canopy water potentials and gc , potentially leading to longer-term changes in forest stature resulting in reductions in biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binks
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Matt Bradford
- CSIRO Land and Water, Atherton, 4883, Qld, Australia
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Callum Bryant
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Ana C Palma
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Luke Hoffmann
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Iftakharul Alam
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | - Hannah J Carle
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Lucy Rowland
- Geography, Faculty of Environment Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Laver Building, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
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6
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Restrepo-Coupe N, O'Donnell Christoffersen B, Longo M, Alves LF, Campos KS, da Araujo AC, de Oliveira RC, Prohaska N, da Silva R, Tapajos R, Wiedemann KT, Wofsy SC, Saleska SR. Asymmetric response of Amazon forest water and energy fluxes to wet and dry hydrological extremes reveals onset of a local drought-induced tipping point. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6077-6092. [PMID: 37698497 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of intensification of Amazon basin hydrological cycling-manifest as increasingly frequent floods and droughts-on water and energy cycles of tropical forests is essential to meeting the challenge of predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, including forest "tipping points". Here, we investigated the impacts of hydrological extremes on forest function using 12+ years of observations (between 2001-2020) of water and energy fluxes from eddy covariance, along with associated ecological dynamics from biometry, at the Tapajós National Forest. Measurements encompass the strong 2015-2016 El Niño drought and La Niña 2008-2009 wet events. We found that the forest responded strongly to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO): Drought reduced water availability for evapotranspiration (ET) leading to large increases in sensible heat fluxes (H). Partitioning ET by an approach that assumes transpiration (T) is proportional to photosynthesis, we found that water stress-induced reductions in canopy conductance (Gs ) drove T declines partly compensated by higher evaporation (E). By contrast, the abnormally wet La Niña period gave higher T and lower E, with little change in seasonal ET. Both El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events resulted in changes in forest structure, manifested as lower wet-season leaf area index. However, only during El Niño 2015-2016, we observed a breakdown in the strong meteorological control of transpiration fluxes (via energy availability and atmospheric demand) because of slowing vegetation functions (via shutdown of Gs and significant leaf shedding). Drought-reduced T and Gs , higher H and E, amplified by feedbacks with higher temperatures and vapor pressure deficits, signaled that forest function had crossed a threshold, from which it recovered slowly, with delay, post-drought. Identifying such tipping point onsets (beyond which future irreversible processes may occur) at local scale is crucial for predicting basin-scale threshold-crossing changes in forest energy and water cycling, leading to slow-down in forest function, potentially resulting in Amazon forests shifting into alternate degraded states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Restrepo-Coupe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley O'Donnell Christoffersen
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Marcos Longo
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Luciana F Alves
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kleber Silva Campos
- Department of Environmental Physics, University of Western Pará-UFOPA, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Alessandro C da Araujo
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Neill Prohaska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodrigo da Silva
- Department of Environmental Physics, University of Western Pará-UFOPA, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Raphael Tapajos
- Department of Environmental Physics, University of Western Pará-UFOPA, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Kenia T Wiedemann
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven C Wofsy
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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7
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Martínez-Vilalta J, García-Valdés R, Jump A, Vilà-Cabrera A, Mencuccini M. Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought-induced range shifts in woody plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:23-40. [PMID: 37501525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking traits with plant performance and range shifts appears solid, the predictive ability of individual traits remains generally low. In this review, we address this apparent paradox, emphasizing examples of woody plants and traits associated with drought responses at the species' rear edge. Low predictive ability reflects the fact not only that range dynamics tend to be complex and multifactorial, as well as uncertainty in the identification of relevant traits and limited data availability, but also that trait effects are scale- and context-dependent. The latter results from the complex interactions among traits (e.g. compensatory effects) and between them and the environment (e.g. exposure), which ultimately determine persistence and colonization capacity. To confront this complexity, a more balanced coverage of the main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration and dispersal) is needed, and modelling approaches must be developed that explicitly account for: trait coordination in a hierarchical context; trait variability in space and time and its relationship with exposure; and the effect of biotic interactions in an ecological community context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), E25280, Solsona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Experimental Sciences and Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, E08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, E08010, Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Simioni PF, Emilio T, Giles AL, Viana de Freitas G, Silva Oliveira R, Setime L, Pierre Vitoria A, Pireda S, Vieira da Silva I, Da Cunha M. Anatomical traits related to leaf and branch hydraulic functioning on Amazonian savanna plants. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad018. [PMID: 37214224 PMCID: PMC10198777 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amazonian savannas are isolated patches of open habitats found within the extensive matrix of Amazonian tropical forests. There remains limited evidence on how Amazonian plants from savannas differ in the traits related to drought resistance and water loss control. Previous studies have reported several xeromorphic characteristics of Amazonian savanna plants at the leaf and branch levels that are linked to soil, solar radiation, rainfall and seasonality. How anatomical features relate to plant hydraulic functioning in this ecosystem is less known and instrumental if we want to accurately model transitions in trait states between alternative vegetation in Amazonia. In this context, we combined studies of anatomical and hydraulic traits to understand the structure-function relationships of leaf and wood xylem in plants of Amazonian savannas. We measured 22 leaf, wood and hydraulic traits, including embolism resistance (as P50), Hydraulic Safety Margin (HSM) and isotope-based water use efficiency (WUE), for the seven woody species that account for 75% of the biomass of a typical Amazonian savanna on rocky outcrops in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Few anatomical traits are related to hydraulic traits. Our findings showed wide variation exists among the seven species studied here in resistance to embolism, water use efficiency and structural anatomy, suggesting no unique dominant functional plant strategy to occupy an Amazonian savanna. We found wide variation in resistance to embolism (-1.6 ± 0.1 MPa and -5.0 ± 0.5 MPa) with species that are less efficient in water use (e.g. Kielmeyera rubriflora, Macairea radula, Simarouba versicolor, Parkia cachimboensis and Maprounea guianensis) showing higher stomatal conductance potential, supporting xylem functioning with leaf succulence and/or safer wood anatomical structures and that species that are more efficient in water use (e.g. Norantea guianensis and Alchornea discolor) can exhibit riskier hydraulic strategies. Our results provide a deeper understanding of how branch and leaf structural traits combine to allow for different hydraulic strategies among coexisting plants. In Amazonian savannas, this may mean investing in buffering water loss (e.g. succulence) at leaf level or safer structures (e.g. thicker pit membranes) and architectures (e.g. vessel grouping) in their branch xylem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaise Emilio
- Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brasil
| | - André L Giles
- Instituo Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Viana de Freitas
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Lara Setime
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Angela Pierre Vitoria
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Saulo Pireda
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ivone Vieira da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta, MT, Brasil
| | - Maura Da Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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9
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Tavares JV, Oliveira RS, Mencuccini M, Signori-Müller C, Pereira L, Diniz FC, Gilpin M, Marca Zevallos MJ, Salas Yupayccana CA, Acosta M, Pérez Mullisaca FM, Barros FDV, Bittencourt P, Jancoski H, Scalon MC, Marimon BS, Oliveras Menor I, Marimon BH, Fancourt M, Chambers-Ostler A, Esquivel-Muelbert A, Rowland L, Meir P, Lola da Costa AC, Nina A, Sanchez JMB, Tintaya JS, Chino RSC, Baca J, Fernandes L, Cumapa ERM, Santos JAR, Teixeira R, Tello L, Ugarteche MTM, Cuellar GA, Martinez F, Araujo-Murakami A, Almeida E, da Cruz WJA, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Aragāo L, Baker TR, de Camargo PB, Brienen R, Castro W, Ribeiro SC, Coelho de Souza F, Cosio EG, Davila Cardozo N, da Costa Silva R, Disney M, Espejo JS, Feldpausch TR, Ferreira L, Giacomin L, Higuchi N, Hirota M, Honorio E, Huaraca Huasco W, Lewis S, Flores Llampazo G, Malhi Y, Monteagudo Mendoza A, Morandi P, Chama Moscoso V, Muscarella R, Penha D, Rocha MC, Rodrigues G, Ruschel AR, Salinas N, Schlickmann M, Silveira M, Talbot J, Vásquez R, Vedovato L, Vieira SA, Phillips OL, Gloor E, Galbraith DR. Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests. Nature 2023; 617:111-117. [PMID: 37100901 PMCID: PMC10156596 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, [Formula: see text]50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters [Formula: see text]50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both [Formula: see text]50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Valentim Tavares
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Signori-Müller
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Acosta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda de V Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Halina Jancoski
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Marina Corrêa Scalon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Imma Oliveras Menor
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ben Hur Marimon
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Max Fancourt
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
- School of Geography, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research (BIFoR), Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Alex Nina
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jose S Tintaya
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Jean Baca
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Edwin R M Cumapa
- Instituto de Geociências, Faculdade de Meteorologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Teixeira
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Ligia Tello
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Maira T M Ugarteche
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Gina A Cuellar
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Franklin Martinez
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
- Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Everton Almeida
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | | | - Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Iquitos, Peru
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Luís Aragāo
- National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Roel Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
- SOS Amazônia, Programa Governança e Proteção da Paisagem Verde na Amazônia, Rio Branco-AC, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eric G Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Richarlly da Costa Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Acre, Campus Baixada do Sol, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Mathias Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Silva Espejo
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Leandro Giacomin
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Euridice Honorio
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gerardo Flores Llampazo
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
- Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre de Grohmann (UNJBG), Tacna, Peru
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Abel Monteagudo Mendoza
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Paulo Morandi
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Victor Chama Moscoso
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Oxapampa, Peru
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deliane Penha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Mayda Cecília Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Gleicy Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Norma Salinas
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Monique Schlickmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Laura Vedovato
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Simone Aparecida Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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10
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Bittencourt PRDL, Bartholomew DC, Banin LF, Bin Suis MAF, Nilus R, Burslem DFRP, Rowland L. Divergence of hydraulic traits among tropical forest trees across topographic and vertical environment gradients in Borneo. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2183-2198. [PMID: 35633119 PMCID: PMC9545514 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fine-scale topographic-edaphic gradients are common in tropical forests and drive species spatial turnover and marked changes in forest structure and function. We evaluate how hydraulic traits of tropical tree species relate to vertical and horizontal spatial niche specialization along such a gradient. Along a topographic-edaphic gradient with uniform climate in Borneo, we measured six key hydraulic traits in 156 individuals of differing heights in 13 species of Dipterocarpaceae. We investigated how hydraulic traits relate to habitat, tree height and their interaction on this gradient. Embolism resistance increased in trees on sandy soils but did not vary with tree height. By contrast, water transport capacity increased on sandier soils and with increasing tree height. Habitat and height only interact for hydraulic efficiency, with slope for height changing from positive to negative from the clay-rich to the sandier soil. Habitat type influenced trait-trait relationships for all traits except wood density. Our data reveal that variation in the hydraulic traits of dipterocarps is driven by a combination of topographic-edaphic conditions, tree height and taxonomic identity. Our work indicates that hydraulic traits play a significant role in shaping forest structure across topographic-edaphic and vertical gradients and may contribute to niche specialization among dipterocarp species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David C. Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QEUK
- Department of Ecology and Environmental ScienceUmeå University90736UmeåSweden
| | | | | | - Reuben Nilus
- Sabah Forestry DepartmentForest Research CentrePO Box 1407Sandakan90715SabahMalaysia
| | | | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QEUK
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11
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Recurrent droughts increase risk of cascading tipping events by outpacing adaptive capacities in the Amazon rainforest. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120777119. [PMID: 35917341 PMCID: PMC9371734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120777119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tipping elements are nonlinear subsystems of the Earth system that have the potential to abruptly shift to another state if environmental change occurs close to a critical threshold with large consequences for human societies and ecosystems. Among these tipping elements may be the Amazon rainforest, which has been undergoing intensive anthropogenic activities and increasingly frequent droughts. Here, we assess how extreme deviations from climatological rainfall regimes may cause local forest collapse that cascades through the coupled forest-climate system. We develop a conceptual dynamic network model to isolate and uncover the role of atmospheric moisture recycling in such tipping cascades. We account for heterogeneity in critical thresholds of the forest caused by adaptation to local climatic conditions. Our results reveal that, despite this adaptation, a future climate characterized by permanent drought conditions could trigger a transition to an open canopy state particularly in the southern Amazon. The loss of atmospheric moisture recycling contributes to one-third of the tipping events. Thus, by exceeding local thresholds in forest adaptive capacity, local climate change impacts may propagate to other regions of the Amazon basin, causing a risk of forest shifts even in regions where critical thresholds have not been crossed locally.
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12
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Smith-Martin CM, Muscarella R, Ankori-Karlinsky R, Delzon S, Farrar SL, Salva-Sauri M, Thompson J, Zimmerman JK, Uriarte M. Hurricanes increase tropical forest vulnerability to drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1005-1017. [PMID: 35608089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid changes in climate and disturbance regimes, including droughts and hurricanes, are likely to influence tropical forests, but our understanding of the compound effects of disturbances on forest ecosystems is extremely limited. Filling this knowledge gap is necessary to elucidate the future of these ecosystems under a changing climate. We examined the relationship between hurricane response (damage, mortality, and resilience) and four hydraulic traits of 13 dominant woody species in a wet tropical forest subject to periodic hurricanes. Species with high resistance to embolisms (low P50 values) and higher safety margins ( SMP50 ) were more resistant to immediate hurricane mortality and breakage, whereas species with higher hurricane resilience (rapid post-hurricane growth) had high capacitance and P50 values and low SMP50 . During 26 yr of post-hurricane recovery, we found a decrease in community-weighted mean values for traits associated with greater drought resistance (leaf turgor loss point, P50 , SMP50 ) and an increase in capacitance, which has been linked with lower drought resistance. Hurricane damage favors slow-growing, drought-tolerant species, whereas post-hurricane high resource conditions favor acquisitive, fast-growing but drought-vulnerable species, increasing forest productivity at the expense of drought tolerance and leading to higher overall forest vulnerability to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Roi Ankori-Karlinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- INRA, BIOGECO, Université Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Samuel L Farrar
- Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 752 36, Sweden
| | - Melissa Salva-Sauri
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - Jill Thompson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Jess K Zimmerman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00925, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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13
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Detto M, Pacala SW. Plant hydraulics, stomatal control, and the response of a tropical forest to water stress over multiple temporal scales. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4359-4376. [PMID: 35373899 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many tropical regions are experiencing an intensification of drought, with increasing severity and frequency. The ecosystem response to these changes is still highly uncertain. On short time scales (from diurnal to seasonal), tropical forests respond to water stress by physiological controls, such as stomatal regulation and phenological adjustment, to cope with increasing atmospheric water demand and reduced water supply. However, the interactions among biological processes and co-varying environmental factors that determine the ecosystem-level fluxes are still unclear. Furthermore, climate variability at longer time scales, such as that generated by ENSO, produces less predictable effects because it depends on a highly stochastic combination of factors that might vary among forests and even between events in the same forest. This study will present some emerging patterns of response to water stress from 5 years of water, carbon, and energy fluxes observed on a seasonal tropical forest in central Panama, including an increase in productivity during the 2015 El Niño. These responses depend on the combination of environmental factors experienced by the forest throughout the seasonal cycle, in particular, increase in solar radiation, stimulating productivity, and increasing vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreasing soil moisture, limiting stomata opening. These results suggest a critical role of plant hydraulics in mediating the response to water stress over a broad range of temporal scales (diurnal, intraseasonal, seasonal, and interannual), by acclimating canopy conductance to light and VPD during different soil moisture regimes. A multilayer photosynthesis model coupled with a plant hydraulics scheme can reproduce these complex responses. However, results depend critically on parameters regulating water transport efficiency and the cost of water stress. As these costs have not been properly identified and quantified yet, more empirical research is needed to elucidate physiological mechanisms of hydraulic failure and recover, for example embolism repair and xylem regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Detto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Stephen W Pacala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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14
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Variations in leaf water status and drought tolerance of dominant tree species growing in multi-aged tropical forests in Thailand. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6882. [PMID: 35477746 PMCID: PMC9044374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale abandoned agricultural areas in Southeast Asia resulted in patches of forests of multiple successions and characteristics, challenging the study of their responses to environmental changes, especially under climatic water stress. Here, we investigated seasonal variation in leaf water status and drought tolerance of dominant tree species in three multi-aged tropical forests, ranging from 5 to > 200 years old, with contrasting soil moisture in Thailand. Seasonal variation in leaf water status differed among the forests with trees in young and intermediate sites demonstrating larger differences between seasons than the old-growth forest. Although vulnerability to embolism curves revealed that trees in old-growth forest were potentially more sensitive to declining leaf water status than others, they were predicted to lose < 5% of their hydraulic capacity as opposed to 13% for the trees in the younger sites. Our results suggest that the responses to water stress of tree species in different forest ages greatly vary with a tendency of trees in younger sites to be more resilience than those in older sites. Such information would benefit the selection of tree species that could adapt well to specific environments, thus improving the strategies for managing forests of different ages under a warmer future.
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15
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Guillemot J, Martin-StPaul NK, Bulascoschi L, Poorter L, Morin X, Pinho BX, le Maire G, R L Bittencourt P, Oliveira RS, Bongers F, Brouwer R, Pereira L, Gonzalez Melo GA, Boonman CCF, Brown KA, Cerabolini BEL, Niinemets Ü, Onoda Y, Schneider JV, Sheremetiev S, Brancalion PHS. Small and slow is safe: On the drought tolerance of tropical tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2622-2638. [PMID: 35007364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how evolutionary history and the coordination between trait trade-off axes shape the drought tolerance of trees is crucial to predict forest dynamics under climate change. Here, we compiled traits related to drought tolerance and the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trade-off axes in 601 tropical woody species to explore their covariations and phylogenetic signals. We found that xylem resistance to embolism (P50) determines the risk of hydraulic failure, while the functional significance of leaf turgor loss point (TLP) relies on its coordination with water use strategies. P50 and TLP exhibit weak phylogenetic signals and substantial variation within genera. TLP is closely associated with the fast-slow trait axis: slow species maintain leaf functioning under higher water stress. P50 is associated with both the fast-slow and stature-recruitment trait axes: slow and small species exhibit more resistant xylem. Lower leaf phosphorus concentration is associated with more resistant xylem, which suggests a (nutrient and drought) stress-tolerance syndrome in the tropics. Overall, our results imply that (1) drought tolerance is under strong selective pressure in tropical forests, and TLP and P50 result from the repeated evolutionary adaptation of closely related taxa, and (2) drought tolerance is coordinated with the ecological strategies governing tropical forest demography. These findings provide a physiological basis to interpret the drought-induced shift toward slow-growing, smaller, denser-wooded trees observed in the tropics, with implications for forest restoration programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannès Guillemot
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia Bulascoschi
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Morin
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno X Pinho
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Guerric le Maire
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAe, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rens Brouwer
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Coline C F Boonman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry A Brown
- Department of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University London, Kingston Upon Thames, UK
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yusuke Onoda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Zhao K, Chen Y, Wei W, Shipley B, Chu C. Exploring trait-performance relationships of tree seedlings along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients. Ecology 2022; 103:e3703. [PMID: 35357001 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A foundational assumption of trait-based ecology is that individual performances should be predicted by its functional traits. However, the trait-performance relationships reported in literature were typically weak, probably due to the ignorance of interactions between traits and environments, intraspecific trait variability and hard traits (directly linked to physiological processes of interest). We conducted an experiment of planting 900 seedlings of six tree species separately (one seedling per pot) along experimentally manipulated light and water gradients, monitored their survival and growth, and measured their morphological, photosynthetic and hydraulic traits. Most trait-performance relationships depended on the environments, either marginally changing (weak trait × environment interaction) or even reversing (strong trait × environment interaction) along light or water gradients in our experiment. Such trait × environment interactions were more likely to be detected in growth models using individual-level traits than models using species mean traits, but seedling growth was not better modelled with individual-level traits than species mean traits. Additionally, none of the hard traits (photosynthetic and hydraulic traits) were better predictors than soft traits (morphological traits) modeling seedling growth and survival along light and water gradients. Our study highlights the necessities of considering trait × environment interactions when predicting response of plants to changing environments. The benefits of using individual-level traits or hard traits to predict plant performance might be reduced or even cancelled if their measurement errors are not well controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- School of Architecture, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Spanner GC, Gimenez BO, Wright CL, Menezes VS, Newman BD, Collins AD, Jardine KJ, Negrón-Juárez RI, Lima AJN, Rodrigues JR, Chambers JQ, Higuchi N, Warren JM. Dry Season Transpiration and Soil Water Dynamics in the Central Amazon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825097. [PMID: 35401584 PMCID: PMC8987125 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With current observations and future projections of more intense and frequent droughts in the tropics, understanding the impact that extensive dry periods may have on tree and ecosystem-level transpiration and concurrent carbon uptake has become increasingly important. Here, we investigate paired soil and tree water extraction dynamics in an old-growth upland forest in central Amazonia during the 2018 dry season. Tree water use was assessed via radial patterns of sap flow in eight dominant canopy trees, each a different species with a range in diameter, height, and wood density. Paired multi-sensor soil moisture probes used to quantify volumetric water content dynamics and soil water extraction within the upper 100 cm were installed adjacent to six of those trees. To link depth-specific water extraction patterns to root distribution, fine root biomass was assessed through the soil profile to 235 cm. To scale tree water use to the plot level (stand transpiration), basal area was measured for all trees within a 5 m radius around each soil moisture probe. The sensitivity of tree transpiration to reduced precipitation varied by tree, with some increasing and some decreasing in water use during the dry period. Tree-level water use scaled with sapwood area, from 11 to 190 L per day. Stand level water use, based on multiple plots encompassing sap flow and adjacent trees, varied from ∼1.7 to 3.3 mm per day, increasing linearly with plot basal area. Soil water extraction was dependent on root biomass, which was dense at the surface (i.e., 45% in the upper 5 cm) and declined dramatically with depth. As the dry season progressed and the upper soil dried, soil water extraction shifted to deeper levels and model projections suggest that much of the water used during the month-long dry-down could be extracted from the upper 2-3 m. Results indicate variation in rates of soil water extraction across the research area and, temporally, through the soil profile. These results provide key information on whole-tree contributions to transpiration by canopy trees as water availability changes. In addition, information on simultaneous stand level dynamics of soil water extraction that can inform mechanistic models that project tropical forest response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno O. Gimenez
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Panama City, Panama
| | - Cynthia L. Wright
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | | | - Brent D. Newman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Adam D. Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States
| | - Kolby J. Jardine
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Q. Chambers
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Niro Higuchi
- National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey M. Warren
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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18
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Forest fragmentation impacts the seasonality of Amazonian evergreen canopies. Nat Commun 2022; 13:917. [PMID: 35177619 PMCID: PMC8854568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions of the magnitude and timing of leaf phenology in Amazonian forests remain highly controversial. Here, we use terrestrial LiDAR surveys every two weeks spanning wet and dry seasons in Central Amazonia to show that plant phenology varies strongly across vertical strata in old-growth forests, but is sensitive to disturbances arising from forest fragmentation. In combination with continuous microclimate measurements, we find that when maximum daily temperatures reached 35 °C in the latter part of the dry season, the upper canopy of large trees in undisturbed forests lost plant material. In contrast, the understory greened up with increased light availability driven by the upper canopy loss, alongside increases in solar radiation, even during periods of drier soil and atmospheric conditions. However, persistently high temperatures in forest edges exacerbated the upper canopy losses of large trees throughout the dry season, whereas the understory in these light-rich environments was less dependent on the altered upper canopy structure. Our findings reveal a strong influence of edge effects on phenological controls in wet forests of Central Amazonia. Even evergreen tropical forests can have seasonal dynamics, which may be sensitive to disturbance. Here, the authors combine high-resolution remote sensing observations and microclimate data to show that forest fragmentation impacts canopy phenology dynamics in the Amazon forest.
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19
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Cocozza C, Penna D. Towards a more active dialogue between hydrologists and ecophysiologists for interdisciplinary studies in forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150877. [PMID: 34627886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the internal functioning of natural systems often requires interdisciplinary approaches and competences that allow encompassing and disentangling different and strictly intertwined physical and biological processes. Hydrology and ecophysiology are examples of complementary and highly interconnected disciplines that share water as a common analysis element when investigating the functioning of vegetated ecosystems. In this discussion paper, we call for more frequent and active dialogue and collaboration between (field) hydrologists and ecophysiologists to study natural processes at the boundary between the two disciplines. We report some examples of the specific approaches of hydrologists and ecophysiologists to analyse water movement in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum at increasing spatial scales, highlighting how the same mechanisms can be seen from different, but largely complementary, points of view. We argue that these different perspectives can and should be merged in order to overcome possibly fragmented vision of complex processes and provide a more holistic comprehension of ecohydrological mechanisms in forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cocozza
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Penna
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Via San Bonaventura 13, 50145 Florence, Italy.
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20
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Liu L, Chen X, Ciais P, Yuan W, Maignan F, Wu J, Piao S, Wang YP, Wigneron JP, Fan L, Gentine P, Yang X, Gong F, Liu H, Wang C, Tang X, Yang H, Ye Q, He B, Shang J, Su Y. Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1583-1595. [PMID: 34854168 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time-series records of remotely sensed Ku-band vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD), a proxy of top-canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku-VOD changes into drought-induced reductions and subsequent non-drought gains. Both drought-induced reductions and non-drought increases in Ku-VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku-VOD reductions during drought and larger non-drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta-analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem-transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku-VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height-dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lei Fan
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanxi Gong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Qing Ye
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Shang
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongxian Su
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Barros FDV, Bittencourt PL, Eller CB, Signori‐Müller C, Meireles LD, Oliveira RS. Phytogeographic origin determines Tropical Montane Cloud Forest hydraulic trait composition. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de V. Barros
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Institute of Biology University of Campinas Brazil
- Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter EX4 4RJ Exeter UK
| | - Paulo L. Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Institute of Biology University of Campinas Brazil
- Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter EX4 4RJ Exeter UK
| | - Cleiton B. Eller
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Institute of Biology University of Campinas Brazil
| | - Caroline Signori‐Müller
- Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter EX4 4RJ Exeter UK
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology University of Campinas Brazil
| | - Leonardo D. Meireles
- Environmental Management Course School of Art, Science, and Humanities University of São Paulo – USP 03828‐000 São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Departmento de Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas – UNICAMP 13083‐970 Campinas SP Brazil
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22
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Browne L, Markesteijn L, Engelbrecht BMJ, Jones FA, Lewis OT, Manzané-Pinzón E, Wright SJ, Comita LS. Increased mortality of tropical tree seedlings during the extreme 2015-16 El Niño. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5043-5053. [PMID: 34273223 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As extreme climate events are predicted to become more frequent because of global climate change, understanding their impacts on natural systems is crucial. Tropical forests are vulnerable to droughts associated with extreme El Niño events. However, little is known about how tropical seedling communities respond to El Niño-related droughts, even though patterns of seedling survival shape future forest structure and diversity. Using long-term data from eight tropical moist forests spanning a rainfall gradient in central Panama, we show that community-wide seedling mortality increased by 11% during the extreme 2015-16 El Niño, with mortality increasing most in drought-sensitive species and in wetter forests. These results indicate that severe El Niño-related droughts influence understory dynamics in tropical forests, with effects varying both within and across sites. Our findings suggest that predicted increases in the frequency of extreme El Niño events will alter tropical plant communities through their effects on early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Browne
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lars Markesteijn
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, UK
| | - Bettina M J Engelbrecht
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Department of Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Andrew Jones
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Liza S Comita
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
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23
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Pivovaroff AL, Wolfe BT, McDowell N, Christoffersen B, Davies S, Dickman LT, Grossiord C, Leff RT, Rogers A, Serbin SP, Wright SJ, Wu J, Xu C, Chambers JQ. Hydraulic architecture explains species moisture dependency but not mortality rates across a tropical rainfall gradient. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria L. Pivovaroff
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Brett T. Wolfe
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
- School of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA
| | - Nate McDowell
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | | | - Stuart Davies
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - L. Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Functional Plant Ecology Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL) Lausanne Switzerland
- School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering ENAC Plant Ecology Research Laboratory – PERL EPFL Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Riley T. Leff
- Atmospheric Science and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Upton NY USA
| | - Shawn P. Serbin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Upton NY USA
| | - S. Joseph Wright
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Balboa Republic of Panama
| | - Jin Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Environmental and Climate Sciences Upton NY USA
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chonggang Xu
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA
| | - Jeffrey Q. Chambers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Earth and Environmental Science Area Berkeley CA USA
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24
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Trabi CL, Pereira L, Guan X, Miranda MT, Bittencourt PRL, Oliveira RS, Ribeiro RV, Jansen S. A User Manual to Measure Gas Diffusion Kinetics in Plants: Pneumatron Construction, Operation, and Data Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:633595. [PMID: 34163496 PMCID: PMC8216216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Pneumatron device measures gas diffusion kinetics in the xylem of plants. The device provides an easy, low-cost, and powerful tool for research on plant water relations and gas exchange. Here, we describe in detail how to construct and operate this device to estimate embolism resistance of angiosperm xylem, and how to analyse pneumatic data. Simple and more elaborated ways of constructing a Pneumatron are shown, either using wires, a breadboard, or a printed circuit board. The instrument is based on an open-source hardware and software system, which allows users to operate it in an automated or semi-automated way. A step-by-step manual and a troubleshooting section are provided. An excel spreadsheet and an R-script are also presented for fast and easy data analysis. This manual aims at helping users to avoid common mistakes, such as unstable measurements of the minimum and maximum amount of gas discharged from xylem tissue, which has major consequences for estimating embolism resistance. Major advantages of the Pneumatron device include its automated and accurate measurements of gas diffusion rates, including highly precise measurements of the gas volume in intact, embolised conduits. It is currently unclear if the method can also be applied to woody monocots, gymnosperm species that possess torus-margo pit membranes, or to herbaceous species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Xinyi Guan
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marcela T. Miranda
- Center R&D in Ecophysiology and Biophysics, Agronomic Institute (IAC), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael S. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. Ribeiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Importance of hydraulic strategy trade-offs in structuring response of canopy trees to extreme drought in central Amazon. Oecologia 2021; 197:13-24. [PMID: 33948691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04924-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant ecophysiological trade-offs between different strategies for tolerating stresses are widely theorized to shape forest functional diversity and vulnerability to climate change. However, trade-offs between hydraulic and stomatal regulation during natural droughts remain under-studied, especially in tropical forests. We investigated eleven mature forest canopy trees in central Amazonia during the strong 2015 El Niño. We found greater xylem embolism resistance ([Formula: see text] = - 3.3 ± 0.8 MPa) and hydraulic safety margin (HSM = 2.12 ± 0.57 MPa) than previously observed in more precipitation-seasonal rainforests of eastern Amazonia and central America. We also discovered that taller trees exhibited lower embolism resistance and greater stomatal sensitivity, a height-structured trade-off between hydraulic resistance and active stomatal regulation. Such active regulation of tree water status, triggered by the onset of stem embolism, acted as a feedback to avoid further increases in embolism, and also explained declines in photosynthesis and transpiration. These results suggest that canopy trees exhibit a conservative hydraulic strategy to endure drought, with trade-offs between investment in xylem to reduce vulnerability to hydraulic failure, and active stomatal regulation to protect against low water potentials. These findings improve our understanding of strategies in tropical forest canopies and contribute to more accurate prediction of drought responses.
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Oliveira RS, Eller CB, Barros FDV, Hirota M, Brum M, Bittencourt P. Linking plant hydraulics and the fast-slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:904-923. [PMID: 33570772 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these ecosystems are extremely important components of Earth's climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand and predict the dynamics of tropical vegetation in scenarios of changing water availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that the trade-off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep-rooting, deciduousness and capacitance) and hydraulic safety (P50 - the water potential when plants lose 50% of their maximum hydraulic conductivity) is a major axis of physiological variation across tropical ecosystems. We also propose a novel and independent axis of hydraulic trait variation linking vulnerability to hydraulic failure (expressed as the hydraulic safety margin (HSM)) and growth, where inherent fast-growing plants have lower HSM compared to slow-growing plants. We surmise that soil nutrients are fundamental drivers of tropical community assembly determining the distribution and abundance of the slow-safe/fast-risky strategies. We conclude showing that including either the growth-HSM or the resistance-avoidance trade-off in models can make simulated tropical rainforest communities substantially more vulnerable to drought than similar communities without the trade-off. These results suggest that vegetation models need to represent hydraulic trade-off axes to accurately project the functioning and distribution of tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cleiton B Eller
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de V Barros
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Marina Hirota
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Brum
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0088, USA
| | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
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Signori-Müller C, Oliveira RS, Barros FDV, Tavares JV, Gilpin M, Diniz FC, Zevallos MJM, Yupayccana CAS, Acosta M, Bacca J, Chino RSC, Cuellar GMA, Cumapa ERM, Martinez F, Mullisaca FMP, Nina A, Sanchez JMB, da Silva LF, Tello L, Tintaya JS, Ugarteche MTM, Baker TR, Bittencourt PRL, Borma LS, Brum M, Castro W, Coronado ENH, Cosio EG, Feldpausch TR, Fonseca LDM, Gloor E, Llampazo GF, Malhi Y, Mendoza AM, Moscoso VC, Araujo-Murakami A, Phillips OL, Salinas N, Silveira M, Talbot J, Vasquez R, Mencuccini M, Galbraith D. Non-structural carbohydrates mediate seasonal water stress across Amazon forests. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2310. [PMID: 33875648 PMCID: PMC8055652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) are major substrates for plant metabolism and have been implicated in mediating drought-induced tree mortality. Despite their significance, NSC dynamics in tropical forests remain little studied. We present leaf and branch NSC data for 82 Amazon canopy tree species in six sites spanning a broad precipitation gradient. During the wet season, total NSC (NSCT) concentrations in both organs were remarkably similar across communities. However, NSCT and its soluble sugar (SS) and starch components varied much more across sites during the dry season. Notably, the proportion of leaf NSCT in the form of SS (SS:NSCT) increased greatly in the dry season in almost all species in the driest sites, implying an important role of SS in mediating water stress in these sites. This adjustment of leaf NSC balance was not observed in tree species less-adapted to water deficit, even under exceptionally dry conditions. Thus, leaf carbon metabolism may help to explain floristic sorting across water availability gradients in Amazonia and enable better prediction of forest responses to future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Signori-Müller
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Vasconcellos Barros
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Manuel J Marca Zevallos
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Martin Acosta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Jean Bacca
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Gina M Aramayo Cuellar
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Franklin Martinez
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Alex Nina
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Leticia Fernandes da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Ligia Tello
- Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | | | - Maira T Martinez Ugarteche
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Paulo R L Bittencourt
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura S Borma
- Earth System Science Centre, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Mauro Brum
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Wendeson Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | | | - Eric G Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Norma Salinas
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Brazil
| | - Joey Talbot
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Jansen S, Guan X, Kaack L, Trabi C, Miranda M, Ribeiro R, Pereira L. The Pneumatron estimates xylem embolism resistance in angiosperms based on gas diffusion kinetics: a mini-review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2020.1300.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Bittencourt PRL, Oliveira RS, da Costa ACL, Giles AL, Coughlin I, Costa PB, Bartholomew DC, Ferreira LV, Vasconcelos SS, Barros FV, Junior JAS, Oliveira AAR, Mencuccini M, Meir P, Rowland L. Amazonia trees have limited capacity to acclimate plant hydraulic properties in response to long-term drought. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3569-3584. [PMID: 32061003 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fate of tropical forests under future climate change is dependent on the capacity of their trees to adjust to drier conditions. The capacity of trees to withstand drought is likely to be determined by traits associated with their hydraulic systems. However, data on whether tropical trees can adjust hydraulic traits when experiencing drought remain rare. We measured plant hydraulic traits (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance) and plant hydraulic system status (e.g. leaf water potential, native embolism and safety margin) on >150 trees from 12 genera (36 species) and spanning a stem size range from 14 to 68 cm diameter at breast height at the world's only long-running tropical forest drought experiment. Hydraulic traits showed no adjustment following 15 years of experimentally imposed moisture deficit. This failure to adjust resulted in these drought-stressed trees experiencing significantly lower leaf water potentials, and higher, but variable, levels of native embolism in the branches. This result suggests that hydraulic damage caused by elevated levels of embolism is likely to be one of the key drivers of drought-induced mortality following long-term soil moisture deficit. We demonstrate that some hydraulic traits changed with tree size, however, the direction and magnitude of the change was controlled by taxonomic identity. Our results suggest that Amazonian trees, both small and large, have limited capacity to acclimate their hydraulic systems to future droughts, potentially making them more at risk of drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R L Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Andre L Giles
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Patricia B Costa
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David C Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Fernanda V Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joao A S Junior
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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30
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Powers JS, Vargas G G, Brodribb TJ, Schwartz NB, Pérez-Aviles D, Smith-Martin CM, Becknell JM, Aureli F, Blanco R, Calderón-Morales E, Calvo-Alvarado JC, Calvo-Obando AJ, Chavarría MM, Carvajal-Vanegas D, Jiménez-Rodríguez CD, Murillo Chacon E, Schaffner CM, Werden LK, Xu X, Medvigy D. A catastrophic tropical drought kills hydraulically vulnerable tree species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3122-3133. [PMID: 32053250 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought-related tree mortality is now a widespread phenomenon predicted to increase in magnitude with climate change. However, the patterns of which species and trees are most vulnerable to drought, and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive, in part due to the lack of relevant data and difficulty of predicting the location of catastrophic drought years in advance. We used long-term demographic records and extensive databases of functional traits and distribution patterns to understand the responses of 20-53 species to an extreme drought in a seasonally dry tropical forest in Costa Rica, which occurred during the 2015 El Niño Southern Oscillation event. Overall, species-specific mortality rates during the drought ranged from 0% to 34%, and varied little as a function of tree size. By contrast, hydraulic safety margins correlated well with probability of mortality among species, while morphological or leaf economics spectrum traits did not. This firmly suggests hydraulic traits as targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - German Vargas G
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Naomi B Schwartz
- Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel Pérez-Aviles
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Chris M Smith-Martin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Filippo Aureli
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Roger Blanco
- Programa de Investigación, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Liberia, Costa Rica
| | - Erick Calderón-Morales
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - María Marta Chavarría
- Programa de Investigación, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Liberia, Costa Rica
| | | | - César D Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
- Water Resources Section, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Evin Murillo Chacon
- Programa de Investigación, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sistema Nacional de Areas de Conservación, Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía, Liberia, Costa Rica
| | - Colleen M Schaffner
- Instituto de Neuroetologia, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
- Psychology Department, Adams State University, Alamosa, CO, USA
| | - Leland K Werden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Xiangtao Xu
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - David Medvigy
- Department of Biological Science, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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31
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Fortunel C, Stahl C, Heuret P, Nicolini E, Baraloto C. Disentangling the effects of environment and ontogeny on tree functional dimensions for congeneric species in tropical forests. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:385-395. [PMID: 31872884 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil water and nutrient availability are key drivers of tree species distribution and forest ecosystem functioning, with strong species differences in water and nutrient use. Despite growing evidence for intraspecific trait differences, it remains unclear under which circumstances the effects of environmental gradients trump those of ontogeny and taxonomy on important functional dimensions related to resource use, particularly in tropical forests. Here, we explore how physiological, chemical, and morphological traits related to resource use vary between life stages in four species within the genus Micropholis that is widespread in lowland Amazonia. Specifically, we evaluate how environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy contribute to single-trait variation and multidimensional functional strategies. We find that environment, developmental stage, and taxonomy differentially contribute to functional dimensions. Habitats and seasons shape physiological and chemical traits related to water and nutrient use, whereas developmental stage and taxonomic identity impact morphological traits -especially those related to the leaf economics spectrum. Our findings suggest that combining environment, ontogeny, and taxonomy allows for a better understanding of important functional dimensions in tropical trees and highlights the need for integrating tree physiological and chemical traits with classically used morphological traits to improve predictions of tropical forests' responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fortunel
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR EcoFoG (Ecology of Guiana Forests), INRA, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, 97379, Kourou, France
| | - Patrick Heuret
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Nicolini
- AMAP (Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- UMR EcoFoG (Ecology of Guiana Forests), INRA, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles, 97379, Kourou, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33133, USA
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