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Feng X, Peterson AT, Aguirre-López LJ, Burger JR, Chen X, Papeş M. Rethinking ecological niches and geographic distributions in face of pervasive human influence in the Anthropocene. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1481-1503. [PMID: 38597328 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Species are distributed in predictable ways in geographic spaces. The three principal factors that determine geographic distributions of species are biotic interactions (B), abiotic conditions (A), and dispersal ability or mobility (M). A species is expected to be present in areas that are accessible to it and that contain suitable sets of abiotic and biotic conditions for it to persist. A species' probability of presence can be quantified as a combination of responses to B, A, and M via ecological niche modeling (ENM; also frequently referred to as species distribution modeling or SDM). This analytical approach has been used broadly in ecology and biogeography, as well as in conservation planning and decision-making, but commonly in the context of 'natural' settings. However, it is increasingly recognized that human impacts, including changes in climate, land cover, and ecosystem function, greatly influence species' geographic ranges. In this light, historical distinctions between natural and anthropogenic factors have become blurred, and a coupled human-natural landscape is recognized as the new norm. Therefore, B, A, and M (BAM) factors need to be reconsidered to understand and quantify species' distributions in a world with a pervasive signature of human impacts. Here, we present a framework, termed human-influenced BAM (Hi-BAM, for distributional ecology that (i) conceptualizes human impacts in the form of six drivers, and (ii) synthesizes previous studies to show how each driver modifies the natural BAM and species' distributions. Given the importance and prevalence of human impacts on species distributions globally, we also discuss implications of this framework for ENM/SDM methods, and explore strategies by which to incorporate increasing human impacts in the methodology. Human impacts are redefining biogeographic patterns; as such, future studies should incorporate signals of human impacts integrally in modeling and forecasting species' distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Feng
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph R Burger
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40502, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Monica Papeş
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Alagador D. Dependence of Europe's most threatened mammals on movement to adapt to climate change. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14315. [PMID: 38973578 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Current rates of climate change and gloomy climate projections confront managers and conservation planners with the need to integrate climate change into already complex decision-making processes. Predicting and prioritizing climatically stable areas and the areas likely to facilitate adaptive species' range adjustments are important stages in maximizing conservation outcomes and rationalizing future land management. I determined, for the most threatened European terrestrial mammal species, the spatial adaptive trajectories (SATs) of highest expected persistence up to 2080. I devised simple spatial network indices for evaluation of species in those SATs: total persistence; proportion of SATs that offer in situ adaptation (i.e., stable refugia); number of SATs converging in a site; and relationship between SAT convergence and persistence and protected areas, the Natura 2000 and Emerald networks, and areas of low human disturbance. I compared the performance of high-persistence SATs with a scenario in which each species remained in the areas with the best climatic conditions in the baseline period. The 1000 most persistence SATs for each of the 39 species covered one fifth of Europe. The areas with the largest adaptive potential (i.e., high persistence, stability, and SAT convergence) did not always overlap for all the species. Predominantly, these regions were located in southwestern Europe, Central Europe, and Scandinavia, with some occurrences in Eastern Europe. For most species, persistence in the most climatically suitable areas during the baseline period was lower than within SATs, underscoring their reliance on adaptive movements. Importantly, conservation areas (particularly protected areas) covered only minor fractions of species persistence among SATs, and hubs of spatial climate adaptation (i.e., areas of high SAT convergence) were seriously underrepresented in most conservation areas. These results highlight the need to perform analyses on spatial species' dynamics under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Alagador
- Biodiversity Chair, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED) & Institute for Global Change and Sustainability (CHANGE), University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
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Zhang X, Nizamani MM, Jiang C, Fang F, Zhao K. Potential planting regions of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) under current and future climate in China based on MaxEnt modeling. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11409. [PMID: 38826162 PMCID: PMC11139971 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study modeled the habitat distribution of Pterocarpus santalinus, a valuable rosewood species, across China under current and future climate scenarios (SSPs126, SSPs245, and SSPs585) using MaxEnt. Our findings reveal that the current suitable habitat, spanning approximately 409,600 km2, is primarily located in the central and southern parts of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, and Yunnan, as well as in the Hainan provinces, along with the coastal regions of Taiwan, and the Sichuan-Chongqing border. The habitat's distribution is significantly influenced by climatic factors such as temperature seasonality (bio4), mean temperature of the wettest quarter (bio8), annual mean temperature (bio1), and annual precipitation (bio12), while terrain and soil factors play a lesser role. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitat for P. santalinus is projected to expand, with a northeastward shift in its distribution center. This research not only sheds light on the geoecological characteristics and geographical distribution of P. santalinus in China but also offers a scientific basis for planning its cultivation areas and enhancing cultivation efficiency under changing climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Feng Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove)HaikouChina
| | | | - Chao Jiang
- Jinxian County No. 3 Middle SchoolNanchangChina
| | - Fa‐Zhi Fang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove)HaikouChina
| | - Kun‐Kun Zhao
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikouChina
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4
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Gerstner BE, Blair ME, Bills P, Cruz-Rodriguez CA, Zarnetske PL. The influence of scale-dependent geodiversity on species distribution models in a biodiversity hotspot. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20230057. [PMID: 38342213 PMCID: PMC10859231 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Improving models of species' distributions is essential for conservation, especially in light of global change. Species distribution models (SDMs) often rely on mean environmental conditions, yet species distributions are also a function of environmental heterogeneity and filtering acting at multiple spatial scales. Geodiversity, which we define as the variation of abiotic features and processes of Earth's entire geosphere (inclusive of climate), has potential to improve SDMs and conservation assessments, as they capture multiple abiotic dimensions of species niches, however they have not been sufficiently tested in SDMs. We tested a range of geodiversity variables computed at varying scales using climate and elevation data. We compared predictive performance of MaxEnt SDMs generated using CHELSA bioclimatic variables to those also including geodiversity variables for 31 mammalian species in Colombia. Results show the spatial grain of geodiversity variables affects SDM performance. Some variables consistently exhibited an increasing or decreasing trend in variable importance with spatial grain, showing slight scale-dependence and indicating that some geodiversity variables are more relevant at particular scales for some species. Incorporating geodiversity variables into SDMs, and doing so at the appropriate spatial scales, enhances the ability to model species-environment relationships, thereby contributing to the conservation and management of biodiversity. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth E. Gerstner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife,
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program,
| | - Mary E. Blair
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick Bills
- Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research (ICER),
- Institute for Biodiversity, Ecology, Evolution, and Macrosystems (IBEEM), and
| | - Cristian A. Cruz-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Av. Paseo de Bolívar No. 16-20, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal. Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Phoebe L. Zarnetske
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program,
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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5
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Amarasekare P. Temperature-dependent dispersal and ectotherm species' distributions in a warming world. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:428-446. [PMID: 38406823 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Dispersal is a crucial component of species' responses to climate warming. Warming-induced changes in species' distributions are the outcome of how temperature affects dispersal at the individual level. Yet, there is little or no theory that considers the temperature dependence of dispersal when investigating the impacts of warming on species' distributions. Here I take a first step towards filling this key gap in our knowledge. I focus on ectotherms, species whose body temperature depends on the environmental temperature, not least because they constitute the majority of biodiversity on the planet. I develop a mathematical model of spatial population dynamics that explicitly incorporates mechanistic descriptions of ectotherm life history trait responses to temperature. A novel feature of this framework is the explicit temperature dependence of all phases of dispersal: emigration, transfer and settlement. I report three key findings. First, dispersal, regardless of whether it is random or temperature-dependent, allows both tropical and temperate ectotherms to track warming-induced changes in their thermal environments and to expand their distributions beyond the lower and upper thermal limits of their respective climate envelopes. In the absence of dispersal mortality, warming does not alter these new distributional limits. Second, an analysis based solely on trait response data predicts that tropical ectotherms should be able to expand their distributions polewards to a greater degree than temperate ectotherms. Analysis of the dynamical model confirms this prediction. Tropical ectotherms have an advantage when moving to cooler climates because they experience lower within-patch and dispersal mortality, and their higher thermal optima and maximal birth rates allow them to take advantage of the warmer parts of the year. Previous theory has shown that tropical ectotherms are more successful in invading and adapting the temperate climates than vice versa. This study provides the key missing piece, by showing how temperature-dependent dispersal could facilitate both invasion and adaptation. Third, dispersal mortality does not affect the poleward expansion of ectotherm distributions. But, it prevents both tropical and temperate ectotherms from maintaining sink populations in localities that are too warm to be viable in the absence of dispersal. Dispersal mortality also affects species' abundance patterns, causing a larger decline in abundance throughout the range when species disperse randomly rather than in response to thermal habitat suitability. In this way, dispersal mortality can facilitate the evolution of dispersal modes that maximize fitness in warmer thermal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Amarasekare
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Comte L, Bertrand R, Diamond S, Lancaster LT, Pinsky ML, Scheffers BR, Baecher JA, Bandara RMWJ, Chen IC, Lawlor JA, Moore NA, Oliveira BF, Murienne J, Rolland J, Rubenstein MA, Sunday J, Thompson LM, Villalobos F, Weiskopf SR, Lenoir J. Bringing traits back into the equation: A roadmap to understand species redistribution. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17271. [PMID: 38613240 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ecological and evolutionary theories have proposed that species traits should be important in mediating species responses to contemporary climate change; yet, empirical evidence has so far provided mixed evidence for the role of behavioral, life history, or ecological characteristics in facilitating or hindering species range shifts. As such, the utility of trait-based approaches to predict species redistribution under climate change has been called into question. We develop the perspective, supported by evidence, that trait variation, if used carefully can have high potential utility, but that past analyses have in many cases failed to identify an explanatory value for traits by not fully embracing the complexity of species range shifts. First, we discuss the relevant theory linking species traits to range shift processes at the leading (expansion) and trailing (contraction) edges of species distributions and highlight the need to clarify the mechanistic basis of trait-based approaches. Second, we provide a brief overview of range shift-trait studies and identify new opportunities for trait integration that consider range-specific processes and intraspecific variability. Third, we explore the circumstances under which environmental and biotic context dependencies are likely to affect our ability to identify the contribution of species traits to range shift processes. Finally, we propose that revealing the role of traits in shaping species redistribution may likely require accounting for methodological variation arising from the range shift estimation process as well as addressing existing functional, geographical, and phylogenetic biases. We provide a series of considerations for more effectively integrating traits as well as extrinsic and methodological factors into species redistribution research. Together, these analytical approaches promise stronger mechanistic and predictive understanding that can help society mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Comte
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
- Conservation Science Partners, Inc., Truckee, California, USA
| | - Romain Bertrand
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE UMR5300), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Diamond
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Brett R Scheffers
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - J Alex Baecher
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R M W J Bandara
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - I-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jake A Lawlor
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nikki A Moore
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brunno F Oliveira
- Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Centre de Synthèse et d'Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Murienne
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE UMR5300), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Rolland
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE UMR5300), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Madeleine A Rubenstein
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer Sunday
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura M Thompson
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
- School of Natural Resources, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabricio Villalobos
- Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C. - INECOL, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Sarah R Weiskopf
- U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058, Ecologie et Dynamique Des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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7
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Urban MC, Swaegers J, Stoks R, Snook RR, Otto SP, Noble DWA, Moiron M, Hällfors MH, Gómez-Llano M, Fior S, Cote J, Charmantier A, Bestion E, Berger D, Baur J, Alexander JM, Saastamoinen M, Edelsparre AH, Teplitsky C. When and how can we predict adaptive responses to climate change? Evol Lett 2024; 8:172-187. [PMID: 38370544 PMCID: PMC10872164 DOI: 10.1093/evlett/qrad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Predicting if, when, and how populations can adapt to climate change constitutes one of the greatest challenges in science today. Here, we build from contributions to the special issue on evolutionary adaptation to climate change, a survey of its authors, and recent literature to explore the limits and opportunities for predicting adaptive responses to climate change. We outline what might be predictable now, in the future, and perhaps never even with our best efforts. More accurate predictions are expected for traits characterized by a well-understood mapping between genotypes and phenotypes and traits experiencing strong, direct selection due to climate change. A meta-analysis revealed an overall moderate trait heritability and evolvability in studies performed under future climate conditions but indicated no significant change between current and future climate conditions, suggesting neither more nor less genetic variation for adapting to future climates. Predicting population persistence and evolutionary rescue remains uncertain, especially for the many species without sufficient ecological data. Still, when polled, authors contributing to this special issue were relatively optimistic about our ability to predict future evolutionary responses to climate change. Predictions will improve as we expand efforts to understand diverse organisms, their ecology, and their adaptive potential. Advancements in functional genomic resources, especially their extension to non-model species and the union of evolutionary experiments and "omics," should also enhance predictions. Although predicting evolutionary responses to climate change remains challenging, even small advances will reduce the substantial uncertainties surrounding future evolutionary responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Center of Biological Risk, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Janne Swaegers
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rhonda R Snook
- Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah P Otto
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Maria Moiron
- Institute of Avian Research, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Maria H Hällfors
- Nature Solutions Unit, Finnish Environment Institute SYKE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miguel Gómez-Llano
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Simone Fior
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution and Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR5174, CNRS, IRD, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Charmantier
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elvire Bestion
- Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, Moulis, France
| | - David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julian Baur
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jake M Alexander
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Allan H Edelsparre
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Celine Teplitsky
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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8
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Kivistik C, Tammert H, Kisand V, Käiro K, Herlemann DPR. Impact of disturbance and dietary shift on gastrointestinal bacterial community and its invertebrate host system. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6631-6643. [PMID: 35876211 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is one of the most important sites of host-microbe interactions, however, mechanisms governing the responses of host-associated microbes to changing environmental conditions are poorly understood. To address this, we investigated individual and combined effects of dietary changes and increase in salinity (from freshwater to salinity 3) or antibiotic concentration on the gastrointestinal bacterial community of the aquatic snail Ampullaceana balthica. In parallel, the energy reserves of the host were quantified. A change of natural food source to biofilm forming green algae Scenedesmus obliquus as well as the combined treatment of salinity and S. obliquus decreased the richness and changed the composition of the A. balthica gastrointestinal bacterial community. In these treatments Pseudomonas became the dominant bacterium. However, energy reserves of the host were higher in these treatments compared to the reference aquaria specimens and the combined treatment of antibiotics with S. obliquus. The presence of antibiotics inhibited the dominance of Pseudomonas and resulted in lower energy reserves despite S. obliquus feeding. Therefore the host seems to be able to adapt and replace its bacterial community composition to respond to mild changes in salinity and food source. Antibiotics in the water can disturb this self-regulating mechanism. Our study underlines the ability of aquatic macroinvertebrates to respond to sudden changes in food source and mild shifts in salinity. Moreover, it emphasizes the strong impact of the food source on the gastrointestinal microbiome and the importance of generalists during disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Kivistik
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Tammert
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veljo Kisand
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kairi Käiro
- Centre for Limnology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Meta-Analysis Reveals Challenges and Gaps for Genome-to-Phenome Research Underpinning Plant Drought Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012297. [PMID: 36293161 PMCID: PMC9602940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe drought conditions and extreme weather events are increasing worldwide with climate change, threatening the persistence of native plant communities and ecosystems. Many studies have investigated the genomic basis of plant responses to drought. However, the extent of this research throughout the plant kingdom is unclear, particularly among species critical for the sustainability of natural ecosystems. This study aimed to broaden our understanding of genome-to-phenome (G2P) connections in drought-stressed plants and identify focal taxa for future research. Bioinformatics pipelines were developed to mine and link information from databases and abstracts from 7730 publications. This approach identified 1634 genes involved in drought responses among 497 plant taxa. Most (83.30%) of these species have been classified for human use, and most G2P interactions have been described within model organisms or crop species. Our analysis identifies several gaps in G2P research literature and database connectivity, with 21% of abstracts being linked to gene and taxonomy data in NCBI. Abstract text mining was more successful at identifying potential G2P pathways, with 34% of abstracts containing gene, taxa, and phenotype information. Expanding G2P studies to include non-model plants, especially those that are adapted to drought stress, will help advance our understanding of drought responsive G2P pathways.
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Sandor ME, Elphick CS, Tingley MW. Extinction of biotic interactions due to habitat loss could accelerate the current biodiversity crisis. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2608. [PMID: 35366031 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss disrupts species interactions through local extinctions, potentially orphaning species that depend on interacting partners, via mutualisms or commensalisms, and increasing secondary extinction risk. Orphaned species may become functionally or secondarily extinct, increasing the severity of the current biodiversity crisis. While habitat destruction is a major cause of biodiversity loss, the number of secondary extinctions is largely unknown. We investigate the relationship between habitat loss, orphaned species, and bipartite network properties. Using a real seed dispersal network, we simulate habitat loss to estimate the rate at which species are orphaned. To be able to draw general conclusions, we also simulate habitat loss in synthetic networks to quantify how changes in network properties affect orphan rates across broader parameter space. Both real and synthetic network simulations show that even small amounts of habitat loss can cause up to 10% of species to be orphaned. More area loss, less connected networks, and a greater disparity in the species richness of the network's trophic levels generally result in more orphaned species. As habitat is lost to land-use conversion and climate change, more orphaned species increase the loss of community-level and ecosystem functions. However, the potential severity of repercussions ranges from minimal (no species orphaned) to catastrophic (up to 60% of species within a network orphaned). Severity of repercussions also depends on how much the interaction richness and intactness of the community affects the degree of redundancy within networks. Orphaned species could add substantially to the loss of ecosystem function and secondary extinction worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manette E Sandor
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Northern Arizona University, Landscape Conservation Initiative, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chris S Elphick
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Morgan W Tingley
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Zhu W, Qi Y, Wang X, Shi X, Chang L, Liu J, Zhu L, Jiang J. Multi-Omics Approaches Revealed the Associations of Host Metabolism and Gut Microbiome With Phylogeny and Environmental Adaptation in Mountain Dragons. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:913700. [PMID: 35836421 PMCID: PMC9273973 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.913700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis enabling the adaptation of animals to spatially heterogeneous environments is a critical clue for understanding the variation, formation, and maintenance of biodiversity in the context of global climate change. Mountain dragons (Agamidae: Diploderma) thrive in the Hengduan Mountain Region, a biodiversity hotspot and a typical spatially heterogeneous environment. Here, we compare the liver and muscle metabolome and gut microbiome of 11 geographical populations from three Diploderma species (D. iadinum, D. yulongsense, and D. vela) after 7 days acclimation in the same laboratory conditions. Amino acid metabolism, particularly the products of the glutathione cycle, accounted for major interspecies variations, implying its significance in genetic differentiation among mountain dragons. Notably, the cold-dwelling D. vela and D. yulongense populations tended to have higher glycerophosphate, glycerol-3-phosphocholine, and kinetin levels in their liver, higher carnosine levels in their muscle, and higher Lachnospiraceae levels in their gut. Phylogeny, net primary productivity (NPP), and the temperature had the highest explanation rate to the variations in muscle metabolome, liver metabolome, and gut microbiome, respectively, suggesting heterogeneity of biological systems in response to climatic variations. Therefore, we suggested that the organ heterogeneity in environmental responsiveness might be substantial for mountain dragons to thrive in complicated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Mangkang Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiudong Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lifeng Zhu,
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Mangkang Ecological Station, Tibet Ecological Safety Monitor Network, Chengdu, China
- Jiangping Jiang,
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12
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The Current and Future Potential Geographical Distribution and Evolution Process of Catalpa bungei in China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalpa bungei C. A. Mey. (C. bungei) is one of the recommended native species for ecological management in China. It is a fast-growing tree of high economic and ecological importance, but its rare resources, caused by anthropogenic destruction and local climatic degradation, have not satisfied the requirements. It has been widely recommended for large-scale afforestation of ecological management and gradually increasing in recent years, but the impact mechanism of climate change on its growth has not been studied yet. Studying the response of species to climate change is an important part of national afforestation planning. Based on combinations of climate, topography, soil variables, and the multiple model ensemble (MME) of CMIP6, this study explored the relationship between C. bungei and climate change, then constructed Maxent to predict its potential distribution under SSP126 and SSP585 and analyzed its dominant environmental factors. The results showed that C. bungei is widely distributed in Henan, Hebei, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi provinces and others where it covers an area of 2.96 × 106 km2. Under SSP126 and SSP585, its overall habitat area will increase by more than 14.2% in 2080–2100, which mainly indicates the transformation of unsuitable areas into low suitable areas. The center of its distribution will migrate to the north with a longer distance under SSP585 than that under SSP126, and it will transfer from the junction of Shaanxi and Hubei province to the north of Shaanxi province under SSP585 by 2100. In that case, C. bungei shows a large-area degradation trend in the south of the Yangtze River Basin but better suitability in the north of the Yellow River Basin, such as the Northeast Plain, the Tianshan Mountains, the Loess Plateau, and others. Temperature factors have the greatest impact on the distribution of C. bungei. It is mainly affected by the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, followed by precipitation of the wettest month, mean diurnal range, and precipitation of the coldest quarter. Our results hence demonstrate that the increase of the mean temperature of the coldest quarter becomes the main reason for its degradation, which simultaneously means a larger habitat boundary in Northeast China. The findings provide scientific evidence for the ecological restoration and sustainable development of C. bungei in China.
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13
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Biel RG, Hacker SD. Warming alters the interaction of two invasive beachgrasses with implications for range shifts and coastal dune functions. Oecologia 2021; 197:757-770. [PMID: 34622333 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Forecasting the effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive species can be difficult, because invaders often thrive under novel physical conditions and biotic interactions that differ from those in their native range. In this study, we experimentally examined how rising temperatures and sand burial could alter the abundance and biotic interactions of two invasive beachgrasses, Ammophila arenaria and A. breviligulata, along the U.S. Pacific Northwest coast. We asked whether the current geographic ranges of the two congeners, and thus their effects on dune morphology and coastal ecosystem services, might shift as a consequence of climate driven changes in warming and sand supply. Our results show that A. breviligulata had lower biomass and tiller production when exposed to warming and high rates of sand burial, while A. arenaria showed neutral or positive responses to those treatments. Nevertheless, under all experimental combinations, A. breviligulata had strong negative effects on A. arenaria, while A. arenaria had weaker effects on A. breviligulata. Our models predict that although A. breviligulata mostly excludes A. arenaria, elevated temperatures and high rates of sand burial also increase the likelihood of species coexistence. We suggest that under climate change, the differences in physiological tolerance and the mediation of species interactions could expand the northern distributional limit of A. arenaria but restrict the southern limit of A. breviligulata. Moreover, because beachgrass abundance has direct effects on biophysical functions of dunes, reductions in vigor from warming could alter coastal protection, biodiversity, and carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben G Biel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-2914, USA
| | - Sally D Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331-2914, USA.
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14
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River drying influences genetic variation and population structure in an Arctic freshwater fish. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Dallas T, Melbourne B, Hastings A. Community context and dispersal stochasticity drive variation in spatial spread. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2657-2664. [PMID: 32890416 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process in shaping species spatial distributions. Species interactions and variation in dispersal probabilities may jointly influence species spatial dynamics. However, many studies examine dispersal as a neutral process, independent of community context or intraspecific variation in dispersal behaviour. Here, we use controlled, replicated communities of two Tribolium species (T. castaneum and T. confusum) to examine how intraspecific variation in dispersal behaviour and community context influence dispersal dynamics in simple experimental landscapes composed of homogeneous habitat patches. We found considerable individual-level variation in dispersal probability that was unrelated to body size variation. Further, the context of dispersal mattered, as T. castaneum dispersal was reduced in two-species communities, while T. confusum dispersal was unaffected by community composition. Incorporating individual-level variation into a two-species stochastic spatial Ricker model, we provide evidence that individual-level variability in dispersal behaviour results in more variable spatial spread than assuming individuals have the same dispersal probability. Further, interspecific competition resulted in more variable spatial spread. The variability in spatial spread observed in our tightly controlled and replicated experimental system and in our stochastic model simulations points to potential fundamental limitations in forecasting species shifting ranges without considering potential interspecific interactions and demographic variability in dispersal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tad Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Brett Melbourne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Lorts CM, Lasky JR. Competition × drought interactions change phenotypic plasticity and the direction of selection on Arabidopsis traits. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1060-1072. [PMID: 32267968 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Populations often exhibit genetic diversity in traits involved in responses to abiotic stressors, but what maintains this diversity is unclear. Arabidopsis thaliana exhibits high within-population variation in drought response. One hypothesis is that competition, varying at small scales, promotes diversity in resource use strategies. However, little is known about natural variation in competition effects on Arabidopsis physiology. We imposed drought and competition treatments on diverse genotypes. We measured resource economics traits, physiology, and fitness to characterize plasticity and selection in response to treatments. Plastic responses to competition differed depending on moisture availability. We observed genotype-drought-competition interactions for relative fitness: competition had little effect on relative fitness under well-watered conditions, whereas competition caused rank changes in fitness under drought. Early flowering was always selected. Higher δ13 C was selected only in the harshest treatment (drought and competition). Competitive context significantly changed the direction of selection on aboveground biomass and inflorescence height in well-watered environments. Our results highlight how local biotic conditions modify abiotic selection, in some cases promoting diversity in abiotic stress response. The ability of populations to adapt to environmental change may thus depend on small-scale biotic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Lorts
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jesse R Lasky
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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17
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Jones NT, Symons CC, Cavalheri H, Pedroza-Ramos A, Shurin JB. Predators drive community reorganization during experimental range shifts. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2378-2388. [PMID: 32592594 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased global temperatures caused by climate change are causing species to shift their ranges and colonize new sites, creating novel assemblages that have historically not interacted. Species interactions play a central role in the response of ecosystems to climate change, but the role of trophic interactions in facilitating or preventing range expansions is largely unknown. The goal of our study was to understand how predators influence the ability of range-shifting prey to successfully establish in newly available habitat following climate warming. We hypothesized that fish predation facilitates the establishment of colonizing zooplankton populations, because fish preferentially consume larger species that would otherwise competitively exclude smaller-bodied colonists. We conducted a mesocosm experiment with zooplankton communities and their fish predators from lakes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California, USA. We tested the effect of fish predation on the establishment and persistence of a zooplankton community when introduced in the presence of higher- and lower-elevation communities at two experimental temperatures in field mesocosms. We found that predators reduce the abundance of larger-bodied residents from the alpine and facilitate the establishment of new lower-elevation species. In addition, fish predation and warming independently reduced the average body size of zooplankton by up to 30%. This reduction in body size offset the direct effect of warming-induced increases in population growth rates, leading to no net change in zooplankton biomass or trophic cascade strength. We found support for a shift to smaller species with climate change through two mechanisms: (a) the direct effects of warming on developmental rates and (b) size-selective predation that altered the identity of species' that could colonize new higher elevation habitat. Our results suggest that predators can amplify the rate of range shifts by consuming larger-bodied residents and facilitating the establishment of new species. However, the effects of climate warming were dampened by reducing the average body size of community members, leading to no net change in ecosystem function, despite higher growth rates. This work suggests that trophic interactions play a role in the reorganization of regional communities under climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Jones
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celia C Symons
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, The University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hamanda Cavalheri
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Pedroza-Ramos
- Unidad de Ecología en Sistemas Acuáticos UDESA, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Jonathan B Shurin
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, The University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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18
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Flores-Tolentino M, García-Valdés R, Saénz-Romero C, Ávila-Díaz I, Paz H, Lopez-Toledo L. Distribution and conservation of species is misestimated if biotic interactions are ignored: the case of the orchid Laelia speciosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9542. [PMID: 32533000 PMCID: PMC7293343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The geographic distribution of species depends on their relationships with climate and on the biotic interactions of the species. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) mainly consider climatic variables only and may tend to overestimate these distributions, especially for species strongly restricted by biotic interactions. We identified the preference of Laelia speciosa for different host tree species and include this information in an ENM. The effect of habitat loss and climate change on the distribution of these species was also estimated. Although L. speciosa was recorded as epiphyte at six tree species, 96% of the individuals were registered at one single species (Quercus deserticola), which indicated a strong biotic interaction. We included the distribution of this host tree as a biotic variable in the ENM of L. speciosa. The contemporary distribution of L. speciosa is 52,892 km2, which represent 4% of Mexican territory and only 0.6% of the distribution falls within protected areas. Habitat loss rate for L. speciosa during the study period was 0.6% per year. Projections for 2050 and 2070 under optimistic and pessimistic climate change scenarios indicated a severe reduction in its distribution. Climaticaly suitable areas will also shift upwards (200-400 m higher). When estimating the distribution of a species, including its interactions can improve the performance of the ENMs, allowing for more accurate estimates of the actual distribution of the species, which in turn allows for better conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Flores-Tolentino
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, Michoacán, CP, 58330, Mexico
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 48020, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Raúl García-Valdés
- CREAF, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cuauhtémoc Saénz-Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, Michoacán, CP, 58330, Mexico
| | - Irene Ávila-Díaz
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, 48020, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Horacio Paz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Unidad Morelia, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro, 8701 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Leonel Lopez-Toledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. San Juanito Itzícuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, Michoacán, CP, 58330, Mexico.
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19
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Evans P, Crofts AL, Brown CD. Biotic filtering of northern temperate tree seedling emergence in beyond‐range field experiments. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piers Evans
- Department of Geography Memorial University 230 Elizabeth Avenue St. John’s Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9Canada
| | - Anna L. Crofts
- Department of Geography Memorial University 230 Elizabeth Avenue St. John’s Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9Canada
| | - Carissa D. Brown
- Department of Geography Memorial University 230 Elizabeth Avenue St. John’s Newfoundland and LabradorA1B 3X9Canada
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20
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Zhang C, Yang L, Wu S, Xia W, Yang L, Li M, Chen M, Luan X. Use of historical data to improve conservation of the black grouse (
Lyrurus tetrix
) in Northeast China. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University No. 135 Xingang West Road Guangzhou 510275 China
- IUCN SSC Pangolin Specialist Group Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Shuhong Wu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wancai Xia
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Minhao Chen
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University NO. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
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21
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McHenry J, Welch H, Lester SE, Saba V. Projecting marine species range shifts from only temperature can mask climate vulnerability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4208-4221. [PMID: 31487434 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is causing range shifts in many marine species, with implications for biodiversity and fisheries. Previous research has mainly focused on how species' ranges will respond to changing ocean temperatures, without accounting for other environmental covariates that could affect future distribution patterns. Here, we integrate habitat suitability modeling approaches, a high-resolution global climate model projection, and detailed fishery-independent and -dependent faunal datasets from one of the most extensively monitored marine ecosystems-the U.S. Northeast Shelf. We project the responses of 125 species in this region to climate-driven changes in multiple oceanographic factors (e.g., ocean temperature, salinity, sea surface height) and seabed characteristics (i.e., rugosity and depth). Comparing model outputs based on ocean temperature and seabed characteristics to those that also incorporated salinity and sea surface height (proxies for primary productivity and ocean circulation features), we explored how an emphasis on ocean temperature in projecting species' range shifts can impact assessments of species' climate vulnerability. We found that multifactor habitat suitability models performed better in explaining and predicting species historical distribution patterns than temperature-based models. We also found that multifactor models provided more concerning assessments of species' future distribution patterns than temperature-based models, projecting that species' ranges will largely shift northward and become more contracted and fragmented over time. Our results suggest that using ocean temperature as a primary determinant of range shifts can significantly alter projections, masking species' climate vulnerability, and potentially forestalling proactive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McHenry
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Heather Welch
- NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Saba
- NOAA, NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
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22
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Mendoza M, Araújo MB. Climate shapes mammal community trophic structures and humans simplify them. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5197. [PMID: 31729393 PMCID: PMC6858300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature’s complexity is intriguing, but the circumstances determining whether or how order emerges from such complexity remains a matter of extensive research. Using the geographical distributions and food preferences of all terrestrial mammal species with masses >3 kg, we show that large mammals group into feeding guilds (species exploiting similar resources) and that these guilds form trophic structures that vary across biomes globally. We identify five trophic structures closely matching climate variability and named them boreal, temperate, semiarid, seasonal tropical and humid tropical owing to their relative overlap with the distribution of biomes. We also find that human activities simplify trophic structures, generally transitioning them to species-poorer states. Detected transitions include boreal and temperate structures becoming depauperate or seasonal- and humid-tropical becoming semiarid. Whether the observed generalities among trophic structures of large mammals are indicative of patterns across whole food webs is matter for further investigation. The results help refine projections of the effects of environmental change on the trophic structure of large mammals. Broad scale patterns in the distribution of animal community functional properties could be determined by climate and disrupted by human activities. Here the authors show global patterns in large-mammal trophic structure related to climate variation, which human activities simplify in predictable ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mendoza
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Miguel B Araújo
- Departamento de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, c/ Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain. .,Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000, Évora, Portugal. .,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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23
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Lasky JR. Eco-evolutionary community turnover following environmental change. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1434-1448. [PMID: 31417625 PMCID: PMC6691227 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-occurring species often differ in intraspecific genetic diversity, which in turn can affect adaptation in response to environmental change. Specifically, the simultaneous evolutionary responses of co-occurring species to temporal environmental change may influence community dynamics. Local adaptation along environmental gradients combined with gene flow can enhance genetic diversity of traits within populations. Quantitative genetic theory shows that having greater gene flow results in (a) lower equilibrium population size due to maladaptive immigrant genotypes (migration load), but (b) faster adaptation to changing environments. Here, I build off this theory to study community dynamics of locally adapted species in response to temporal environmental changes akin to warming temperatures. Although an abrupt environmental change leaves all species initially maladapted, high gene flow species subsequently adapt faster due to greater genetic diversity. As a result, species can transiently reverse their relative abundances, but sometimes only after long lag periods. If constant temporal environmental change is applied, the community exhibits a shift toward stable dominance by species with intermediate gene flow. Notably, fast-adapting high gene flow species can increase in absolute abundance under environmental change (although often only for a transient period) because the change suppresses superior competitors with lower gene flow. This eco-evolutionary competitive release stabilizes ecosystem function. The eco-evolutionary community turnover studied here parallels the purely ecological successional dynamics following disturbances. My results demonstrate how interspecific variation in life history can have far-reaching impacts on eco-evolutionary community response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania
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24
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Zarnetske PL, Read QD, Record S, Gaddis KD, Pau S, Hobi ML, Malone SL, Costanza J, M. Dahlin K, Latimer AM, Wilson AM, Grady JM, Ollinger SV, Finley AO. Towards connecting biodiversity and geodiversity across scales with satellite remote sensing. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2019; 28:548-556. [PMID: 31217748 PMCID: PMC6559161 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ISSUE Geodiversity (i.e., the variation in Earth's abiotic processes and features) has strong effects on biodiversity patterns. However, major gaps remain in our understanding of how relationships between biodiversity and geodiversity vary over space and time. Biodiversity data are globally sparse and concentrated in particular regions. In contrast, many forms of geodiversity can be measured continuously across the globe with satellite remote sensing. Satellite remote sensing directly measures environmental variables with grain sizes as small as tens of metres and can therefore elucidate biodiversity-geodiversity relationships across scales. EVIDENCE We show how one important geodiversity variable, elevation, relates to alpha, beta and gamma taxonomic diversity of trees across spatial scales. We use elevation from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and c. 16,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots to quantify spatial scaling relationships between biodiversity and geodiversity with generalized linear models (for alpha and gamma diversity) and beta regression (for beta diversity) across five spatial grains ranging from 5 to 100 km. We illustrate different relationships depending on the form of diversity; beta and gamma diversity show the strongest relationship with variation in elevation. CONCLUSION With the onset of climate change, it is more important than ever to examine geodiversity for its potential to foster biodiversity. Widely available satellite remotely sensed geodiversity data offer an important and expanding suite of measurements for understanding and predicting changes in different forms of biodiversity across scales. Interdisciplinary research teams spanning biodiversity, geoscience and remote sensing are well poised to advance understanding of biodiversity-geodiversity relationships across scales and guide the conservation of nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe L. Zarnetske
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Quentin D. Read
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of BiologyBryn Mawr CollegeBryn MawrPennsylvania
| | - Keith D. Gaddis
- National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Stephanie Pau
- Department of GeographyFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida
| | - Martina L. Hobi
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
- SILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsin
| | - Sparkle L. Malone
- Department of Biological SciencesFlorida International UniversityMiamiFlorida
| | - Jennifer Costanza
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNC State UniversityResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Kyla M. Dahlin
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of Geography, Environment, & Spatial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | | | - Adam M. Wilson
- Geography DepartmentUniversity at BuffaloBuffaloNew York
| | - John M. Grady
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Department of BiologyBryn Mawr CollegeBryn MawrPennsylvania
| | - Scott V. Ollinger
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment & Earth Systems Research CenterUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNew Hampshire
| | - Andrew O. Finley
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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Comte L, Olden JD. Evidence for dispersal syndromes in freshwater fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2214. [PMID: 29343597 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process defining the distribution of organisms and has long been a topic of inquiry in ecology and evolution. Emerging research points to an interdependency of dispersal with a diverse suite of traits in terrestrial organisms, however the extent to which such dispersal syndromes exist in freshwater species remains uncertain. Here, we test whether dispersal in freshwater fishes (1) is a fixed property of species, and (2) correlates with life-history, morphological, ecological and behavioural traits, using a global dataset of dispersal distances collected from the literature encompassing 116 riverine species and 196 locations. Our meta-analysis revealed a high degree of repeatability and heritability in the dispersal estimates and strong associations with traits related to life-history strategies, energy allocation to reproduction, ecological specialization and swimming skills. Together, these results demonstrate that similar to terrestrial organisms, the multi-dimensional nature of dispersal syndromes in freshwater species offer opportunities for the development of a unifying paradigm of movement ecology that transcend taxonomic and biogeographical realms. The high explanatory power of the models also suggests that trait-based and phylogenetic approaches hold considerable promises to inform conservation efforts in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Comte
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian D Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pither J, Pickles BJ, Simard SW, Ordonez A, Williams JW. Below-ground biotic interactions moderated the postglacial range dynamics of trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1148-1160. [PMID: 29770964 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tree range shifts during geohistorical global change events provide a useful real-world model for how future changes in forest biomes may proceed. In North America, during the last deglaciation, the distributions of tree taxa varied significantly as regards the rate and direction of their responses for reasons that remain unclear. Local-scale processes such as establishment, growth, and resilience to environmental stress ultimately influence range dynamics. Despite the fact that interactions between trees and soil biota are known to influence local-scale processes profoundly, evidence linking below-ground interactions to distribution dynamics remains scarce. We evaluated climate velocity and plant traits related to dispersal, environmental tolerance and below-ground symbioses, as potential predictors of the geohistorical rates of expansion and contraction of the core distributions of tree genera between 16 and 7 ka bp. The receptivity of host genera towards ectomycorrhizal fungi was strongly supported as a positive predictor of poleward rates of distribution expansion, and seed mass was supported as a negative predictor. Climate velocity gained support as a positive predictor of rates of distribution contraction, but not expansion. Our findings indicate that understanding how tree distributions, and thus forest ecosystems, respond to climate change requires the simultaneous consideration of traits, biotic interactions and abiotic forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pither
- Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brian J Pickles
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Suzanne W Simard
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alejandro Ordonez
- Department of Bioscience - Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Queen's University Belfast - School of Biological Sciences, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John W Williams
- Department of Geography and Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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MEESTER LD, STOKS R, BRANS KI. Genetic adaptation as a biological buffer against climate change: Potential and limitations. Integr Zool 2018; 13:372-391. [PMID: 29168625 PMCID: PMC6221008 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change profoundly impacts ecosystems and their biota, resulting in range shifts, novel interactions, food web alterations, changed intensities of host-parasite interactions, and extinctions. An increasing number of studies have documented evolutionary changes in traits such as phenology and thermal tolerance. In this opinion paper, we argue that, while evolutionary responses have the potential to provide a buffer against extinctions or range shifts, a number of constraints and complexities blur this simple prediction. First, there are limits to evolutionary potential both in terms of genetic variation and demographic effects, and these limits differ strongly among taxa and populations. Second, there can be costs associated with genetic adaptation, such as a reduced evolutionary potential towards other (human-induced) environmental stressors or direct fitness costs due to tradeoffs. Third, the differential capacity of taxa to genetically respond to climate change results in novel interactions because different organism groups respond to a different degree with local compared to regional (dispersal and range shift) responses. These complexities result in additional changes in the selection pressures on populations. We conclude that evolution can provide an initial buffer against climate change for some taxa and populations but does not guarantee their survival. It does not necessarily result in reduced extinction risks across the range of taxa in a region or continent. Yet, considering evolution is crucial, as it is likely to strongly change how biota will respond to climate change and will impact which taxa will be the winners or losers at the local, metacommunity and regional scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc De MEESTER
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium
| | - Robby STOKS
- Evolutionary Stress Ecology and EcotoxicologyLeuvenBelgium
| | - Kristien I. BRANS
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationLeuvenBelgium
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Record S, Strecker A, Tuanmu MN, Beaudrot L, Zarnetske P, Belmaker J, Gerstner B. Does scale matter? A systematic review of incorporating biological realism when predicting changes in species distributions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194650. [PMID: 29652936 PMCID: PMC5898710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that biotic factors, such as biotic interactions and dispersal capacity, can affect species distributions and influence species' responses to climate change. However, little is known about how these factors affect predictions from species distribution models (SDMs) with respect to spatial grain and extent of the models. OBJECTIVES Understanding how spatial scale influences the effects of biological processes in SDMs is important because SDMs are one of the primary tools used by conservation biologists to assess biodiversity impacts of climate change. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We systematically reviewed SDM studies published from 2003-2015 using ISI Web of Science searches to: (1) determine the current state and key knowledge gaps of SDMs that incorporate biotic interactions and dispersal; and (2) understand how choice of spatial scale may alter the influence of biological processes on SDM predictions. SYNTHESIS METHODS AND LIMITATIONS We used linear mixed effects models to examine how predictions from SDMs changed in response to the effects of spatial scale, dispersal, and biotic interactions. RESULTS There were important biases in studies including an emphasis on terrestrial ecosystems in northern latitudes and little representation of aquatic ecosystems. Our results suggest that neither spatial extent nor grain influence projected climate-induced changes in species ranges when SDMs include dispersal or biotic interactions. CONCLUSIONS We identified several knowledge gaps and suggest that SDM studies forecasting the effects of climate change should: 1) address broader ranges of taxa and locations; and 1) report the grain size, extent, and results with and without biological complexity. The spatial scale of analysis in SDMs did not affect estimates of projected range shifts with dispersal and biotic interactions. However, the lack of reporting on results with and without biological complexity precluded many studies from our analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydne Record
- Department of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Angela Strecker
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mao-Ning Tuanmu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lydia Beaudrot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Phoebe Zarnetske
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology and the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Beth Gerstner
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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Faldyn MJ, Hunter MD, Elderd BD. Climate change and an invasive, tropical milkweed: an ecological trap for monarch butterflies. Ecology 2018; 99:1031-1038. [PMID: 29618170 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While it is well established that climate change affects species distributions and abundances, the impacts of climate change on species interactions has not been extensively studied. This is particularly important for specialists whose interactions are tightly linked, such as between the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and the plant genus Asclepias, on which it depends. We used open-top chambers (OTCs) to increase temperatures in experimental plots and placed either nonnative Asclepias curassavica or native A. incarnata in each plot along with monarch larvae. We found, under current climatic conditions, adult monarchs had higher survival and mass when feeding on A. curassavica. However, under future conditions, monarchs fared much worse on A. curassavica. The decrease in adult survival and mass was associated with increasing cardenolide concentrations under warmer temperatures. Increased temperatures alone reduced monarch forewing length. Cardenolide concentrations in A. curassavica may have transitioned from beneficial to detrimental as temperature increased. Thus, the increasing cardenolide concentrations may have pushed the larvae over a tipping point into an ecological trap; whereby past environmental cues associated with increased fitness give misleading information. Given the ubiquity of specialist plant-herbivore interactions, the potential for such ecological traps to emerge as temperatures increase may have far-reaching consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Faldyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Louisiana State University Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Mark D Hunter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 2053 Natural Sciences Building, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1048, USA
| | - Bret D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Louisiana State University Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
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Gordon TAC, Neto-Cerejeira J, Furey PC, O'Gorman EJ. Changes in feeding selectivity of freshwater invertebrates across a natural thermal gradient. Curr Zool 2018; 64:231-242. [PMID: 30402064 PMCID: PMC5905579 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental warming places physiological constraints on organisms, which may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predicts that consumers should increase their feeding selectivity for more energetically valuable resources in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate increase in metabolic demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a change in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more specialist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effects on the feeding selectivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers: the snail Radix balthica, the blackfly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. Chesson’s Selectivity Index was used to compare the proportional abundance of diatom species in the guts of each invertebrate species with corresponding rock biofilms sampled from streams of different temperature. The snails became more selective in warmer streams, choosing high profile epilithic diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom species. The blackfly larvae appeared to switch from active collector gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No changes in selectivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resource availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary consumers in freshwater streams, which constitute a major portion of invertebrate biomass, can change their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns could potentially lead to fundamental changes in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A C Gordon
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Joana Neto-Cerejeira
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Paula C Furey
- Department of Biology, Saint Catherine University, St Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Eoin J O'Gorman
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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The neurobiology of climate change. Naturwissenschaften 2018; 105:11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Amburgey SM, Miller DAW, Campbell Grant EH, Rittenhouse TAG, Benard MF, Richardson JL, Urban MC, Hughson W, Brand AB, Davis CJ, Hardin CR, Paton PWC, Raithel CJ, Relyea RA, Scott AF, Skelly DK, Skidds DE, Smith CK, Werner EE. Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among-population demographic responses to climatic variation. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:439-454. [PMID: 28833972 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Species' distributions will respond to climate change based on the relationship between local demographic processes and climate and how this relationship varies based on range position. A rarely tested demographic prediction is that populations at the extremes of a species' climate envelope (e.g., populations in areas with the highest mean annual temperature) will be most sensitive to local shifts in climate (i.e., warming). We tested this prediction using a dynamic species distribution model linking demographic rates to variation in temperature and precipitation for wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in North America. Using long-term monitoring data from 746 populations in 27 study areas, we determined how climatic variation affected population growth rates and how these relationships varied with respect to long-term climate. Some models supported the predicted pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas. We also found evidence of interacting temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a negative effect in wetter areas. Other results were contrary to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range and positive responses to winter warming especially in milder areas. In general, we found wood frogs were more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. Our results suggest that sensitivity to changes in climate cannot be predicted simply by knowing locations within the species' climate envelope. Many climate processes did not affect population growth rates in the predicted direction based on range position. Processes such as species-interactions, local adaptation, and interactions with the physical landscape likely affect the responses we observed. Our work highlights the need to measure demographic responses to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci M Amburgey
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Evan H Campbell Grant
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Tracy A G Rittenhouse
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael F Benard
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Adrianne B Brand
- USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, SO Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Turners Falls, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carmen R Hardin
- Forestry Division, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter W C Paton
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Christopher J Raithel
- Division of Fish and Wildlife, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, West Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Rick A Relyea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A Floyd Scott
- Department of Biology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, USA
| | - David K Skelly
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dennis E Skidds
- Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network, National Parks Service, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Charles K Smith
- Department of Biology, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Earl E Werner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Amélineau F, Fort J, Mathewson PD, Speirs DC, Courbin N, Perret S, Porter WP, Wilson RJ, Grémillet D. Energyscapes and prey fields shape a North Atlantic seabird wintering hotspot under climate change. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171883. [PMID: 29410875 PMCID: PMC5792952 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for a better understanding of animal migratory ecology under the influence of climate change. Most current analyses require long-term monitoring of populations on the move, and shorter-term approaches are needed. Here, we analysed the ecological drivers of seabird migration within the framework of the energyscape concept, which we defined as the variations in the energy requirements of an organism across geographical space as a function of environmental conditions. We compared the winter location of seabirds with their modelled energy requirements and prey fields throughout the North Atlantic. Across six winters, we tracked the migration of 94 little auks (Alle alle), a key sentinel Arctic species, between their East Greenland breeding site and wintering areas off Newfoundland. Winter energyscapes were modelled with Niche Mapper™, a mechanistic tool which takes into account local climate and bird ecophysiology. Subsequently, we used a resource selection function to explain seabird distributions through modelled energyscapes and winter surface distribution of one of their main prey, Calanus finmarchicus. Finally, future energyscapes were calculated according to IPCC climate change scenarios. We found that little auks targeted areas with high prey densities and moderately elevated energyscapes. Predicted energyscapes for 2050 and 2095 showed a decrease in winter energy requirements under the high emission scenario, which may be beneficial if prey availability is maintained. Overall, our study demonstrates the great potential of the energyscape concept for the study of animal spatial ecology, in particular in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Amélineau
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- Author for correspondence: F. Amélineau e-mail:
| | - J. Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
| | - P. D. Mathewson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - D. C. Speirs
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - N. Courbin
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - S. Perret
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - W. P. Porter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XQ, Scotland, UK
| | - D. Grémillet
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Percy FitzPatrick Institute, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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Littlefield CE, McRae BH, Michalak JL, Lawler JJ, Carroll C. Connecting today's climates to future climate analogs to facilitate movement of species under climate change. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:1397-1408. [PMID: 28339121 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing connectivity is an important strategy for facilitating species range shifts and maintaining biodiversity in the face of climate change. To date, however, few researchers have included future climate projections in efforts to prioritize areas for increasing connectivity. We identified key areas likely to facilitate climate-induced species' movement across western North America. Using historical climate data sets and future climate projections, we mapped potential species' movement routes that link current climate conditions to analogous climate conditions in the future (i.e., future climate analogs) with a novel moving-window analysis based on electrical circuit theory. In addition to tracing shifting climates, the approach accounted for landscape permeability and empirically derived species' dispersal capabilities. We compared connectivity maps generated with our climate-change-informed approach with maps of connectivity based solely on the degree of human modification of the landscape. Including future climate projections in connectivity models substantially shifted and constrained priority areas for movement to a smaller proportion of the landscape than when climate projections were not considered. Potential movement, measured as current flow, decreased in all ecoregions when climate projections were included, particularly when dispersal was limited, which made climate analogs inaccessible. Many areas emerged as important for connectivity only when climate change was modeled in 2 time steps rather than in a single time step. Our results illustrate that movement routes needed to track changing climatic conditions may differ from those that connect present-day landscapes. Incorporating future climate projections into connectivity modeling is an important step toward facilitating successful species movement and population persistence in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Littlefield
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, 98195, U.S.A
| | - Brad H McRae
- The Nature Conservancy, North America Region, 117 E Mountain Ave, Suite 201, Fort Collins, CO, 80524, U.S.A
| | - Julia L Michalak
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, 98195, U.S.A
| | - Joshua J Lawler
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA, 98195, U.S.A
| | - Carlos Carroll
- Klamath Center for Conservation Research, Box 104, Orleans, CA, 95556, U.S.A
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Urban MC, Richardson JL, Freidenfelds NA, Drake DL, Fischer JF, Saunders PP. Microgeographic Adaptation of Wood Frog Tadpoles to an Apex Predator. COPEIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-16-534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Cosentino BJ, Moore JD, Karraker NE, Ouellet M, Gibbs JP. Evolutionary response to global change: Climate and land use interact to shape color polymorphism in a woodland salamander. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5426-5434. [PMID: 28770079 PMCID: PMC5528218 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary change has been demonstrated to occur rapidly in human‐modified systems, yet understanding how multiple components of global change interact to affect adaptive evolution remains a critical knowledge gap. Climate change is predicted to impose directional selection on traits to reduce thermal stress, but the strength of directional selection may be mediated by changes in the thermal environment driven by land use. We examined how regional climatic conditions and land use interact to affect genetically based color polymorphism in the eastern red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus). P. cinereus is a woodland salamander with two primary discrete color morphs (striped, unstriped) that have been associated with macroclimatic conditions. Striped individuals are most common in colder regions, but morph frequencies can be variable within climate zones. We used path analysis to analyze morph frequencies among 238,591 individual salamanders across 1,170 sites in North America. Frequency of striped individuals was positively related to forest cover in populations occurring in warmer regions (>7°C annually), a relationship that was weak to nonexistent in populations located in colder regions (≤7°C annually). Our results suggest that directional selection imposed by climate warming at a regional scale may be amplified by forest loss and suppressed by forest persistence, with a mediating effect of land use that varies geographically. Our work highlights how the complex interaction of selection pressures imposed by different components of global change may lead to divergent evolutionary trajectories among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-David Moore
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs Québec City QC Canada
| | - Nancy E Karraker
- Department of Natural Resources Science University of Rhode Island Kingston RI USA
| | | | - James P Gibbs
- College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York Syracuse NY USA
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Moor H. Life history trade-off moderates model predictions of diversity loss from climate change. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177778. [PMID: 28520770 PMCID: PMC5433747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can trigger species range shifts, local extinctions and changes in diversity. Species interactions and dispersal capacity are important mediators of community responses to climate change. The interaction between multispecies competition and variation in dispersal capacity has recently been shown to exacerbate the effects of climate change on diversity and to increase predictions of extinction risk dramatically. Dispersal capacity, however, is part of a species’ overall ecological strategy and are likely to trade off with other aspects of its life history that influence population growth and persistence. In plants, a well-known example is the trade-off between seed mass and seed number. The presence of such a trade-off might buffer the diversity loss predicted by models with random but neutral (i.e. not impacting fitness otherwise) differences in dispersal capacity. Using a trait-based metacommunity model along a warming climatic gradient the effect of three different dispersal scenarios on model predictions of diversity change were compared. Adding random variation in species dispersal capacity caused extinctions by the introduction of strong fitness differences due an inherent property of the dispersal kernel. Simulations including a fitness-equalising trade-off based on empirical relationships between seed mass (here affecting dispersal distance, establishment probability, and seedling biomass) and seed number (fecundity) maintained higher initial species diversity and predicted lower extinction risk and diversity loss during climate change than simulations with variable dispersal capacity. Large seeded species persisted during climate change, but developed lags behind their climate niche that may cause extinction debts. Small seeded species were more extinction-prone during climate change but tracked their niches through dispersal and colonisation, despite competitive resistance from residents. Life history trade-offs involved in coexistence mechanisms may increase community resilience to future climate change and are useful guides for model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Moor
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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40
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Zhang R, Yang L, Ai L, Yang Q, Chen M, Li J, Yang L, Luan X. Geographic characteristics of sable ( Martes zibellina) distribution over time in Northeast China. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4016-4023. [PMID: 28616196 PMCID: PMC5468152 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding historical context can help clarify the ecological and biogeographic characteristics of species population changes. The sable (Martes zibellina) population has decreased dramatically in Northeast China since the l950s, and understanding the changes in its distribution over time is necessary to support conservation efforts. To achieve this goal, we integrated ecological niche modeling and historical records of sables to estimate the magnitude of change in their distribution over time. Our results revealed a 51.71% reduction in their distribution in 2000–2016 compared with the potential distribution in the 1950s. This reduction was related to climate change (Pearson's correlation: Bio1, −.962, p < .01; Bio2, −.962, p < .01; Bio5, .817, p < .05; Bio6, .847, p < .05) and human population size (−.956, p < .01). The sable population tended to migrate in different directions and elevations over time in different areas due to climate change: In the Greater Khingan Mountains, they moved northward and to lower elevations; in the Lesser Khingan Mountains, they moved northward; and in the Changbai Mountains, they move southward and to higher elevations. Active conservation strategies should be considered in locations where sable populations have migrated or may migrate to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Lin Ai
- School of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Qiuyuan Yang
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Minhao Chen
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Jingxi Li
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Xiaofeng Luan
- School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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41
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LeBrun JJ, Thogmartin WE, Thompson FR, Dijak WD, Millspaugh JJ. Assessing the sensitivity of avian species abundance to land cover and climate. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaymi J. LeBrun
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Missouri 302 Anheuser‐Busch Natural Resources Building Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Wayne E. Thogmartin
- U.S. Geological SurveyUpper Midwest Environmental Sciences Centre 2630 Fanta Reed Road La Crosse Wisconsin 54603 USA
| | - Frank R. Thompson
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station202 Anheuser‐Busch Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - William D. Dijak
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station202 Anheuser‐Busch Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Joshua J. Millspaugh
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife SciencesUniversity of Missouri 302 Anheuser‐Busch Natural Resources Building Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
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42
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Molloy SW, Davis RA, van Etten EJB. Incorporating Field Studies into Species Distribution and Climate Change Modelling: A Case Study of the Koomal Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus (Phalangeridae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154161. [PMID: 27104611 PMCID: PMC4841567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are an effective way of predicting the potential distribution of species and their response to environmental change. Most SDMs apply presence data to a relatively generic set of predictive variables such as climate. However, this weakens the modelling process by overlooking the responses to more cryptic predictive variables. In this paper we demonstrate a means by which data gathered from an intensive animal trapping study can be used to enhance SDMs by combining field data with bioclimatic modelling techniques to determine the future potential distribution for the koomal (Trichosurus vulpecula hypoleucus). The koomal is a geographically isolated subspecies of the common brushtail possum, endemic to south-western Australia. Since European settlement this taxon has undergone a significant reduction in distribution due to its vulnerability to habitat fragmentation, introduced predators and tree/shrub dieback caused by a virulent group of plant pathogens of the genus Phytophthora. An intensive field study found: 1) the home range for the koomal rarely exceeded 1 km in in length at its widest point; 2) areas heavily infested with dieback were not occupied; 3) gap crossing between patches (>400 m) was common behaviour; 4) koomal presence was linked to the extent of suitable vegetation; and 5) where the needs of koomal were met, populations in fragments were demographically similar to those found in contiguous landscapes. We used this information to resolve a more accurate SDM for the koomal than that created from bioclimatic data alone. Specifically, we refined spatial coverages of remnant vegetation and dieback, to develop a set of variables that we combined with selected bioclimatic variables to construct models. We conclude that the utility value of an SDM can be enhanced and given greater resolution by identifying variables that reflect observed, species-specific responses to landscape parameters and incorporating these responses into the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W. Molloy
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A. Davis
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eddie J. B. van Etten
- School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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43
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Chuang A, Peterson CR. Expanding population edges: theories, traits, and trade-offs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:494-512. [PMID: 26426311 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent patterns of global change have highlighted the importance of understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species range shifts and expansions. Unique demographic features, spatial processes, and selective pressures can result in the accumulation and evolution of distinctive phenotypic traits at the leading edges of expansions. We review the characteristics of expanding range margins and highlight possible mechanisms for the appearance of phenotypic differences between individuals at the leading edge and core of the range. The development of life history traits that increase dispersal or reproductive ability is predicted by theory and supported with extensive empirical evidence. Many examples of rapid phenotypic change are associated with trade-offs that may influence the persistence of the trait once expansion ends. Accounting for the effects of edge phenotypes and related trade-offs could be critical for predicting the spread of invasive species and population responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chuang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christopher R Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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44
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Schuetz JG, Langham GM, Soykan CU, Wilsey CB, Auer T, Sanchez CC. Making spatial prioritizations robust to climate change uncertainties: a case study with North American birds. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:1819-1831. [PMID: 26591448 DOI: 10.1890/14-1903.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial prioritizations are essential tools for conserving biodiversity in the face of accelerating climate change. Uncertainty about species' responses to changing climates can complicate prioritization efforts, however, and delay conservation investment. In an effort to facilitate decision-making, we identified three hypotheses about species' potential responses to climate change based on distinct biological assumptions related to niche flexibility and colonization ability. Using 314 species of North American birds as a test case, we tuned separate spatial prioritizations to each hypothesis and assessed the degree to which assumptions about biological responses affected the perceived conservation value of the landscape and prospects for individual taxa. We also developed a bet-hedging prioritization to minimize the chance that incorrect assumptions would lead to valuable landscapes and species being overlooked in multispecies prioritizations. Collectively, these analyses help to quantify the sensitivity of spatial prioritizations to different assumptions about species' responses to climate change and provide a framework for enabling efficient conservation investment despite substantial biological uncertainty.
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45
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Maas B, Karp DS, Bumrungsri S, Darras K, Gonthier D, Huang JCC, Lindell CA, Maine JJ, Mestre L, Michel NL, Morrison EB, Perfecto I, Philpott SM, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Silva RM, Taylor PJ, Tscharntke T, Van Bael SA, Whelan CJ, Williams-Guillén K. Bird and bat predation services in tropical forests and agroforestry landscapes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015. [PMID: 26202483 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding distribution patterns and multitrophic interactions is critical for managing bat- and bird-mediated ecosystem services such as the suppression of pest and non-pest arthropods. Despite the ecological and economic importance of bats and birds in tropical forests, agroforestry systems, and agricultural systems mixed with natural forest, a systematic review of their impact is still missing. A growing number of bird and bat exclosure experiments has improved our knowledge allowing new conclusions regarding their roles in food webs and associated ecosystem services. Here, we review the distribution patterns of insectivorous birds and bats, their local and landscape drivers, and their effects on trophic cascades in tropical ecosystems. We report that for birds but not bats community composition and relative importance of functional groups changes conspicuously from forests to habitats including both agricultural areas and forests, here termed 'forest-agri' habitats, with reduced representation of insectivores in the latter. In contrast to previous theory regarding trophic cascade strength, we find that birds and bats reduce the density and biomass of arthropods in the tropics with effect sizes similar to those in temperate and boreal communities. The relative importance of birds versus bats in regulating pest abundances varies with season, geography and management. Birds and bats may even suppress tropical arthropod outbreaks, although positive effects on plant growth are not always reported. As both bats and birds are major agents of pest suppression, a better understanding of the local and landscape factors driving the variability of their impact is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Maas
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany. .,Division of Tropical Ecology and Animal Biodiversity, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel S Karp
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Mulford Hall, 130 Hilgard Way, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A
| | - Sara Bumrungsri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand 15 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Kevin Darras
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - David Gonthier
- The Nature Conservancy, 201 Mission Street, 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94105, U.S.A.,School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Joe C-C Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 43131, Lubbock, TX, 79409, U.S.A.,Southeast Asian Bat Conservation and Research Unit, Department of Biological Science, Box 43131, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3131, U.S.A
| | - Catherine A Lindell
- Integrative Biology Department, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Josiah J Maine
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Dr., Carbondale, IL, 62901, U.S.A
| | - Laia Mestre
- CREAF, Carretera de Bellaterra a l'Autònoma, s/n, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès,, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma, Carretera de Bellaterra a l'Autònoma, s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole L Michel
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Emily B Morrison
- Integrative Biology Department, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane RM 203, East Lansing, MI, 48824, U.S.A
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A
| | - Stacy M Philpott
- Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95062, U.S.A
| | - Çagan H Şekercioğlu
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Rm. 201, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, U.S.A.,College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Roberta M Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Peter J Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change and Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sunshine A Van Bael
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70118, U.S.A.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Christopher J Whelan
- Illinois Natural History Survey, c/o Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, U.S.A
| | - Kimberly Williams-Guillén
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, U.S.A.,Paso Pacífico, PO Box 1244, Ventura, CA, 94302, U.S.A
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Jönsson AM, Anderbrant O, Holmér J, Johansson J, Schurgers G, Svensson GP, Smith HG. Enhanced science-stakeholder communication to improve ecosystem model performances for climate change impact assessments. AMBIO 2015; 44:249-55. [PMID: 25238981 PMCID: PMC4357621 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, climate impact assessments of relevance to the agricultural and forestry sectors have received considerable attention. Current ecosystem models commonly capture the effect of a warmer climate on biomass production, but they rarely sufficiently capture potential losses caused by pests, pathogens and extreme weather events. In addition, alternative management regimes may not be integrated in the models. A way to improve the quality of climate impact assessments is to increase the science-stakeholder collaboration, and in a two-way dialog link empirical experience and impact modelling with policy and strategies for sustainable management. In this paper we give a brief overview of different ecosystem modelling methods, discuss how to include ecological and management aspects, and highlight the importance of science-stakeholder communication. By this, we hope to stimulate a discussion among the science-stakeholder communities on how to quantify the potential for climate change adaptation by improving the realism in the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Jönsson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Anderbrant
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennie Holmér
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob Johansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Guy Schurgers
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn P. Svensson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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47
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Christie MR, Knowles LL. Habitat corridors facilitate genetic resilience irrespective of species dispersal abilities or population sizes. Evol Appl 2015; 8:454-63. [PMID: 26029259 PMCID: PMC4430769 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Corridors are frequently proposed to connect patches of habitat that have become isolated due to human-mediated alterations to the landscape. While it is understood that corridors can facilitate dispersal between patches, it remains unknown whether corridors can mitigate the negative genetic effects for entire communities modified by habitat fragmentation. These negative genetic effects, which include reduced genetic diversity, limit the potential for populations to respond to selective agents such as disease epidemics and global climate change. We provide clear evidence from a forward-time, agent-based model (ABM) that corridors can facilitate genetic resilience in fragmented habitats across a broad range of species dispersal abilities and population sizes. Our results demonstrate that even modest increases in corridor width decreased the genetic differentiation between patches and increased the genetic diversity and effective population size within patches. Furthermore, we document a trade-off between corridor quality and corridor design whereby populations connected by high-quality habitat (i.e., low corridor mortality) are more resilient to suboptimal corridor design (e.g., long and narrow corridors). The ABM also revealed that species interactions can play a greater role than corridor design in shaping the genetic responses of populations to corridors. These results demonstrate how corridors can provide long-term conservation benefits that extend beyond targeted taxa and scale up to entire communities irrespective of species dispersal abilities or population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Christie
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Biological Sciences & Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - L Lacey Knowles
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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48
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Lurgi M, Brook BW, Saltré F, Fordham DA. Modelling range dynamics under global change: which framework and why? Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Lurgi
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Barry W. Brook
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Frédérik Saltré
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Damien A. Fordham
- The Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide, South Australia 5005 Australia
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49
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Scriber JM. Climate-Driven Reshuffling of Species and Genes: Potential Conservation Roles for Species Translocations and Recombinant Hybrid Genotypes. INSECTS 2013; 5:1-61. [PMID: 26462579 PMCID: PMC4592632 DOI: 10.3390/insects5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comprising 50%-75% of the world's fauna, insects are a prominent part of biodiversity in communities and ecosystems globally. Biodiversity across all levels of biological classifications is fundamentally based on genetic diversity. However, the integration of genomics and phylogenetics into conservation management may not be as rapid as climate change. The genetics of hybrid introgression as a source of novel variation for ecological divergence and evolutionary speciation (and resilience) may generate adaptive potential and diversity fast enough to respond to locally-altered environmental conditions. Major plant and herbivore hybrid zones with associated communities deserve conservation consideration. This review addresses functional genetics across multi-trophic-level interactions including "invasive species" in various ecosystems as they may become disrupted in different ways by rapid climate change. "Invasive genes" (into new species and populations) need to be recognized for their positive creative potential and addressed in conservation programs. "Genetic rescue" via hybrid translocations may provide needed adaptive flexibility for rapid adaptation to environmental change. While concerns persist for some conservationists, this review emphasizes the positive aspects of hybrids and hybridization. Specific implications of natural genetic introgression are addressed with a few examples from butterflies, including transgressive phenotypes and climate-driven homoploid recombinant hybrid speciation. Some specific examples illustrate these points using the swallowtail butterflies (Papilionidae) with their long-term historical data base (phylogeographical diversity changes) and recent (3-decade) climate-driven temporal and genetic divergence in recombinant homoploid hybrids and relatively recent hybrid speciation of Papilio appalachiensis in North America. Climate-induced "reshuffling" (recombinations) of species composition, genotypes, and genomes may become increasingly ecologically and evolutionarily predictable, but future conservation management programs are more likely to remain constrained by human behavior than by lack of academic knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mark Scriber
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, MI 48824, USA.
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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50
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Urban MC, Richardson JL, Freidenfelds NA. Plasticity and genetic adaptation mediate amphibian and reptile responses to climate change. Evol Appl 2013; 7:88-103. [PMID: 24454550 PMCID: PMC3894900 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are predicted to mitigate some of the negative biotic consequences of climate change. Here, we evaluate evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to climate variation in amphibians and reptiles via a literature review and meta-analysis. We included studies that either document phenotypic changes through time or space. Plasticity had a clear and ubiquitous role in promoting phenotypic changes in response to climate variation. For adaptive evolution, we found no direct evidence for evolution of amphibians or reptiles in response to climate change over time. However, we found many studies that documented adaptive responses to climate along spatial gradients. Plasticity provided a mixture of adaptive and maladaptive responses to climate change, highlighting that plasticity frequently, but not always, could ameliorate climate change. Based on our review, we advocate for more experiments that survey genetic changes through time in response to climate change. Overall, plastic and genetic variation in amphibians and reptiles could buffer some of the formidable threats from climate change, but large uncertainties remain owing to limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Urban
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan L Richardson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nicole A Freidenfelds
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT, USA
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