1
|
Açar Y, Sukan Karaçağıl B, Demirkoparan M, Şeref B, Kalaycı Z, Uçar A, Yıldıran H. Turkish adaptation, validation and reliability of the US Adult Food Security Survey Module in university students. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e45. [PMID: 38250752 PMCID: PMC10882535 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the US Adult Food Security Survey Module (AFSSM). DESIGN A cross-sectional study collected data from 117 university students. The AFSSM questionnaire was completed by all participants. Psychometric evaluation for scale, content, construct, and convergent validity and reliability of the scale was tested. The construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on data collected from university students. Cronbach's α (internal consistency) and composite reliability were used to assess the reliability (P < 0·05). SETTING Students were recruited from the university. PARTICIPANTS This research was conducted with volunteer university students with a mean age of 22·74 ± 4·19 years. RESULTS Three factors were extracted from eight items through EFA: (1) inadequate nutrition, (2) economic concern and (3) hunger. These factors accounted for 77·4 % of the total variance, and factor loadings ranged from 0·755 to 0·953. Cronbach's α was 0·769. The results of the CFA suggested the fit indices were acceptable (χ2/sd = 0·235, root mean error of approximation: 0·034, goodness-of-fit index: 0·994, comparative fit index: 0·992 and normed fit index: 0·986). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that validates and reports the Turkish version of AFSSM in university students, and the results of our study show that the Turkish AFSSM is a valid and reliable tool for determining food security in university students. AFSSM can be used by researchers to examine the food security of university students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Açar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Betül Şeref
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Karamanoglu Mehmetbey, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kalaycı
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Antalya Bilim, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayda Uçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Yıldıran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van den Berg L, Walsh CM. Household food insecurity in South Africa from 1999 to 2021: a metrics perspective. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2183-2199. [PMID: 37771235 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review and synthesize studies on household food security in South Africa. DESIGN Systematic mapping review of metrics (methodological review). SETTING Electronic databases, including EBSCOHost, Scopus and Web of Science, were searched for studies and reports on household food security in South Africa, reporting household food security published between 1999 and 2021. Searching, selecting and reporting were performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. PARTICIPANTS South African households. RESULTS Forty-eight articles reporting on six national surveys (one repeated annually since 2002) and forty sub-national studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Various metrics, with different recall periods and ways of categorizing food security levels, were identified. Surveys that used similar metrics showed that the percentage of South African households that have experienced food insecurity and hunger has decreased over the review period yet remains concerning. However, the multitude of metrics used to assess the different components and levels of food security limits the comparability of the results to evaluate the scope and scale of the problem. CONCLUSIONS There is growing support for developing multi-variable approaches for food security research in sub-Saharan Africa. Future research should focus on finding the most appropriate combination of complementary metrics that would allow comparable data while holistically capturing food security and providing insight into the causes and consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise van den Berg
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa
| | - Corinna May Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein9300, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gallegos D, Booth S, Pollard CM, Chilton M, Kleve S. Food security definition, measures and advocacy priorities in high-income countries: a Delphi consensus study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1986-1996. [PMID: 37144401 PMCID: PMC10564592 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an international consensus on the definition of food security, measures and advocacy priorities in high-income countries. DESIGN A two-round online Delphi survey with closing in March 2020 and December 2021. Consensus was set a priori at 75 %. Qualitative data were synthesised and priorities were ranked. SETTING High-income countries. PARTICIPANTS Household food security experts in academia, government and non-government organisations who had published in the last 5 years. RESULTS Up to thirty-two participants from fourteen high-income countries responded to the Delphi with a 25 % response rate in Round 1 and a 38 % response rate in Round 2. Consensus was reached on the technical food security definition and its dimensions. Consensus was not reached on a definition suitable for the general public. All participants agreed that food security monitoring systems provide valuable data for in-country decision-making. Favoured interventions were those that focused on upstream social policy influencing income. Respondents agreed that both national and local community level strategies were required to ameliorate food insecurity, reinforcing the complexity of the problem. CONCLUSIONS This study furthers the conceptual understanding of the commonly used definition of food security and its constituent dimensions. Strong advocacy is needed to ensure food security monitoring, policy and mitigation strategies are implemented. The consensus on the importance of prioritising actions that address the underlying determinants of household food security by experts in the field from across wealthy nations provides evidence to focus advocacy efforts and generate public debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Gallegos
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sue Booth
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Christina Mary Pollard
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mariana Chilton
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sue Kleve
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de la Haye K, Saw HW, Miller S, Bruine de Bruin W, Wilson JP, Weber K, Frazzini A, Livings M, Babboni M, Kapteyn A. Ecological risk and protective factors for food insufficiency in Los Angeles County during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1944-1955. [PMID: 37403467 PMCID: PMC10564600 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic increased food insufficiency: a severe form of food insecurity. Drawing on an ecological framework, we aimed to understand factors that contributed to changes in food insufficiency from April to December 2020, in a large urban population hard hit by the pandemic. DESIGN We conducted internet surveys every 2 weeks in April-December 2020, including a subset of items from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Longitudinal analysis identified predictors of food insufficiency, using fixed effects models. SETTING Los Angeles County, which has a diverse population of 10 million residents. PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 1535 adults in Los Angeles County who are participants in the Understanding Coronavirus in America tracking survey. RESULTS Rates of food insufficiency spiked in the first year of the pandemic, especially among participants living in poverty, in middle adulthood and with larger households. Government food assistance from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program was significantly associated with reduced food insufficiency over time, while other forms of assistance such as help from family and friends or stimulus funds were not. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that during a crisis, there is value in rapidly monitoring food insufficiency and investing in government food benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla de la Haye
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Htay-Wah Saw
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sydney Miller
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wändi Bruine de Bruin
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Dornsife Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John P Wilson
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Spatial Sciences Institute and Department of Sociology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Computer Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Architecture, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Weber
- USC Dornsife Public Exchange, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alison Frazzini
- Chief Sustainability Office, County of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Livings
- Spatial Sciences Institute and Department of Sociology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marianna Babboni
- USC Dornsife Public Exchange, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arie Kapteyn
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melgar-Quiñonez H, Gaitán-Rossi P, Pérez-Escamilla R, Shamah-Levy T, Teruel-Belismelis G, Young SL. A declaration on the value of experiential measures of food and water insecurity to improve science and policies in Latin America and the Caribbean. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:184. [PMID: 37670356 PMCID: PMC10481585 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water security is necessary for good health, nutrition, and wellbeing, but experiences with water have not typically been measured. Given that measurement of experiences with food access, use, acceptability, and reliability (stability) has greatly expanded our ability to promote food security, there is an urgent need to similarly improve the measurement of water security. The Water InSecurity Experiences (WISE) Scales show promise in doing so because they capture user-side experiences with water in a more holistic and precise way than traditional supply- side indicators. Early use of the WISE Scales in Latin American & the Caribbean (LAC) has revealed great promise, although representative data are lacking for most of the region. Concurrent measurement of experiential food and water insecurity has the potential to inform the development of better-targeted interventions that can advance human and planetary health. MAIN TEXT On April 20-21, 2023, policymakers, community organizers, and researchers convened at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City to discuss lessons learned from using experiential measures of food and water insecurity in LAC. At the meeting's close, organizers read a Declaration that incorporated key meeting messages. The Declaration recognizes the magnitude and severity of the water crisis in the region as well as globally. It acknowledges that traditional measurement tools do not capture many salient water access, use, and reliability challenges. It recognizes that the WISE Scales have the potential to assess the magnitude of water insecurity more comprehensively and accurately at community, state, and national levels, as well as its (inequitable) relationship with poverty, poor health. As such, WISE data can play an important role in ensuring more accountability and strengthening water systems governance through improved public policies and programs. Declaration signatories express their willingness to promote the widespread use of the WISE Scales to understand the prevalence of water insecurity, guide investment decisions, measure the impacts of interventions and natural shocks, and improve public health. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-three attendees endorsed the Declaration - available in English, Spanish and Portuguese- as an important step to making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6, "Clean Water and Sanitation for All", and towards the realization of the human right to water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Gaitán-Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Para El Desarrollo Con Equidad, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación, Av. P.º de La Reforma 880, Santa Fe, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México, 01219, México.
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación Y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Graciela Teruel-Belismelis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Para El Desarrollo Con Equidad, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación, Av. P.º de La Reforma 880, Santa Fe, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México, 01219, México
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology & Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lopez Barrera E, Hertel T. Solutions to the double burden of malnutrition also generate health and environmental benefits. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:616-624. [PMID: 37488342 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Present food consumption patterns will intensify pressure on natural resources, while poor nutrition is expected to prevail at both low and high levels of calorie consumption. To better understand the interplay between food security, environment and health, we use an integrated framework that allows for the analysis of the dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and its health and environmental impacts by 2050. We find that excessive caloric intake will be key in rising body mass index levels, particularly in emerging economies. Because higher levels of body mass index will be reached at younger ages, future cohorts will increase their exposure to health risks, including coronary heart disease, stroke, site-specific cancers and type 2 diabetes. This framework also offers insights into the health, food and environmental security impacts of changing food demand behaviour. We find that reductions in food purchasing-associated with the mitigation of food waste and excessive food intake-are more important than changes in dietary composition in increasing food affordability and reducing pressure on cropland expansion, whereas dietary composition is critical in driving greenhouse gas emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Hertel
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Y, Link JS. A composite fishing index to support the monitoring and sustainable management of world fisheries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10571. [PMID: 37386054 PMCID: PMC10310702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Overfishing has severe social, economic, and environmental ramifications. Eliminating global overfishing is one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs require effective policy and progress monitoring. However, current indicators are issue-specific and cannot be utilized to measure fisheries efficacy holistically. This study develops a comprehensive index that takes into account the inputs, outputs, and ecological implications of fisheries. These components are then merged to form a single composite fishing index that evaluates both total fishing pressure on the ecosystem and historical patterns. The global fishing intensity grew by a factor of eleven between 1950 and 2017, and geographical differences emerged. The fishing intensity of developed countries peaked in 1997 and has since fallen due to management, but developing countries' fishing intensity has increased continuously over the whole research period, with quasi-linear growth after 1980. Africa has experienced the most rapid expansion in fishing activity and now has the highest fishing intensity. This index takes a more comprehensive and objective look at fisheries. Its worldwide spatial-temporal comparison enables the identification of similar temporal trends across countries or regions, as well as areas of uneven development and hotspot sites for targeted policy action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Ye
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
| | - Jason S Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manikas I, Ali BM, Sundarakani B. A systematic literature review of indicators measuring food security. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2023; 12:10. [PMID: 37193360 PMCID: PMC10161169 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Measurement is critical for assessing and monitoring food security. Yet, it is difficult to comprehend which food security dimensions, components, and levels the numerous available indicators reflect. We thus conducted a systematic literature review to analyse the scientific evidence on these indicators to comprehend the food security dimensions and components covered, intended purpose, level of analysis, data requirements, and recent developments and concepts applied in food security measurement. Data analysis of 78 articles shows that the household-level calorie adequacy indicator is the most frequently used (22%) as a sole measure of food security. The dietary diversity-based (44%) and experience-based (40%) indicators also find frequent use. The food utilisation (13%) and stability (18%) dimensions were seldom captured when measuring food security, and only three of the retrieved publications measured food security by considering all the four food security dimensions. The majority of the studies that applied calorie adequacy and dietary diversity-based indicators employed secondary data whereas most of the studies that applied experience-based indicators employed primary data, suggesting the convenience of collecting data for experience-based indicators than dietary-based indicators. We confirm that the estimation of complementary food security indicators consistently over time can help capture the different food security dimensions and components, and experience-based indicators are more suitable for rapid food security assessments. We suggest practitioners to integrate food consumption and anthropometry data in regular household living standard surveys for more comprehensive food security analysis. The results of this study can be used by food security stakeholders such as governments, practitioners and academics for briefs, teaching, as well as policy-related interventions and evaluations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-023-00415-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Manikas
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Beshir M. Ali
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balan Sundarakani
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, 20183 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Getahun W, Haji J, Mehare A, Zemedu L. Drivers of income diversification among rural households in the Ethiopian central highlands. Food Energy Secur 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wudineh Getahun
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| | - Jema Haji
- Haramaya University (HU) Dire Dawa Ethiopia
| | | | - Lemma Zemedu
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) Addis Ababa Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harper A, Goudge J, Chirwa E, Rothberg A, Sambu W, Mall S. Dietary diversity, food insecurity and the double burden of malnutrition among children, adolescents and adults in South Africa: Findings from a national survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:948090. [PMID: 36211708 PMCID: PMC9540989 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.948090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood stunting remains a global public health problem. Many stunted children live in the same household as overweight or obese adults (the so-called double burden of malnutrition), evidence that quality as well as quantity of food is important. In recent years, food security measurement has shifted away from anthropometry (e.g., stunting) to experiential measures (e.g., self-reported hunger). However, given the continued problem of stunting, it is important that national surveys identify malnutrition. Objectives To examine the associations between a variety of food security indicators, including dietary diversity, with adult, child (0-4 years) (5-9 years) and adolescent (10-17 years) anthropometry. To estimate the prevalence of double burden households. Methods The study utilized cross-sectional data from the South African National Income Dynamics Survey NIDS (2008). We examined the associations between five food security indicators and anthropometry outcomes. The indicators were adult and child hunger in the household, self-reported household food sufficiency, food expenditure>60% of monthly expenditure and household dietary diversity. Multinomial and logistic regression models were employed to examine the associations with adult BMI categories and children's stunting and BMI. Results The prevalence of stunting was 18.4% and the prevalence of wasting and overweight was 6.8 and 10.4%, respectively. Children <5 and adolescents with medium dietary diversity were significantly more likely to be stunted than children with high dietary diversity. Among children <5, child hunger and medium dietary diversity were significantly associated with wasting. None of the food security indicators were associated with stunting in children aged 5-9. Among stunted children, 70.2% lived with an overweight or obese adult. Among adults, increased dietary diversity increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Conclusion Dietary diversity can be used as a proxy for poor nutritional status among children <5 years and adolescents but the relationship between dietary diversity and adult obesity is more complex. Given the double burden of malnutrition in many low- and middle-income countries, indicators of dietary quality remain important. These tools can be further refined to include an extra category for processed foods. Given the relative simplicity to collect this data, national surveys would be improved by its inclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Harper
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,*Correspondence: Abigail Harper
| | - Jane Goudge
- Centre for Health Policy, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Esnat Chirwa
- Gender and Health Research Division, The South African Medical Research Council, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alan Rothberg
- School of Therapeutic Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Winnie Sambu
- School of Economics, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sumaya Mall
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jung S, Park S. Positive association of unhealthy plant-based diets with the incidence of abdominal obesity in Korea: a comparison of baseline, most recent, and cumulative average diets. Epidemiol Health 2022; 44:e2022063. [PMID: 35940180 PMCID: PMC9754918 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2022063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different approaches for analyzing repeated dietary measurements may yield differences in the magnitude and interpretation of findings. We aimed to compare 3 dietary measurements (baseline, most recent, and cumulative average) in terms of the association between plant-based diet indices (PDIs) and incident abdominal obesity in Korean adults aged 40-69 years. METHODS This study included 6,054 participants (54% women) free of abdominal obesity (defined as waist circumference ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women) at baseline. As exposures, baseline, most recent, and cumulative average measurements for PDI, healthy-PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy-PDI (uPDI) were created. A Cox proportional-hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for abdominal obesity. RESULTS During 45,818 person-years of follow-up (median, 9 years), we identified 1,778 incident cases of abdominal obesity. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a higher uPDI was associated with a higher risk of abdominal obesity in both total and stratified analyses. The findings were consistent across all approaches (Q5 vs. Q1: HRbaseline=1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46 to 1.98; HRmost recent=1.52; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.78; HRcumulative average=1.76; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.06 in the total set). PDI showed no meaningful association with abdominal obesity risk in any analyses. hPDIaverage had a suggestive inverse association with abdominal obesity risk in men, and hPDIbaseline had a positive association with abdominal obesity risk in women. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to unhealthy plant-based diets may increase the risk of developing abdominal obesity in Korean adults. The findings were generally consistent across all approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA,The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sohyun Park
- The Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea,Correspondence: Sohyun Park Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24252, Korea E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pakravan-Charvadeh MR, Flora C, Khan HA. Simulating Potential Associated Socio-Economic Determinants With Sustainable Food Security (A Macro-Micro Spatial Quantitative Model). Front Public Health 2022; 10:923705. [PMID: 35910863 PMCID: PMC9333187 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.923705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving sustainable food security status, nowadays, is an important challenge globally, especially in developing countries. The policy goal should be equity—everyone has the same opportunity to be food secure—rather than equality—everyone gets the same subsidy. Since the culture and socioeconomic status within a country vary from region to region, collapsing all areas into a unique region may introduce errors and inaccurate results, as most studies carried out. This study assesses the geographical pattern of association between food security and socioeconomic factors in urban areas in Iran using a nationally and regionally representative household consumption-expenditure survey from 2010 to 2018. The logistic regression model and big data are used to achieve this goal. The results show that a substantial number of households face food insecurity in urban areas in Iran. Also, different geographic regions have various salient factors that affect food insecurity. Aggregation tests confirmed that researchers should estimate separate models for different provinces, states, and districts to assess and monitor the food security status of a country instead of estimating a unique model for the whole of the country. Geographical disparities should be considered as an important issue before suggesting any catch-all policies for a country. The geo-locational factor of households is a key determinant of the association between socioeconomic factors and food security in urban areas in Iran. In sum, the practical suggestions for improving Iranian households' food security in urban areas are as follows: (1) Developing job opportunities for the head of household. (2) Enhancing the potential for self-employment. (3) Facilitating the study of children within households including providing inexpensive uniforms, books, and materials, especially for poor households. (4) Supporting young couples in terms of accessing to financial resources and providing inexpensive essential equipment of home for them; and (5) Introduction of the importance of dietary diversity and different foods which can be cooked by using these food ingredients within a household. Comparative case studies using similar methodologies can test if our results are generalizable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Pakravan-Charvadeh
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Reza Pakravan-Charvadeh
| | - Cornelia Flora
- Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Haider A. Khan
- Department of Economics, Josef Korbel School of International Studies, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin TK, Kafri R, Hammoudeh W, Mitwalli S, Jamaluddine Z, Ghattas H, Giacaman R, Leone T. Pathways to food insecurity in the context of conflict: the case of the occupied Palestinian territory. Confl Health 2022; 16:38. [PMID: 35794657 PMCID: PMC9261013 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-022-00470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflict reduces availability of production input and income, increases the number of days households had to rely on less preferred foods, and limits the variety of foods eaten and the portion size of meals consumed. While existing studies examine the impact of conflict on different food security measures (e.g., Food Consumption Score, Food Insecurity Experience Scale), the relationship between these measures as well as their relationship with political, economic, and agricultural factors remain under explored. Food insecurity may not only be an externality of conflict but also food deprivation may be utilized as a weapon to discourage residency in contested territories or to incentivize rebellions. METHODOLOGY This paper examines the association between political factors (e.g., violence, policies that require permit for passage in one's own hometown), economic factors (e.g., loss of assets, unemployment), agricultural factors (e.g., shortage of water, poor weather conditions), and food insecurity experience and dietary diversity in a conflict setting-that of the occupied Palestinian territory (oPt). The study employs generalized structural equation models to analyze the 'Survey on socio-economic conditions for Palestinian households 2014' dataset compiled by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics-which contains a representative sample of the population in the oPt at governorate and locality levels. RESULTS We find that in the West Bank, residence in Area C-administered by Israel in both civil and security issues and contains illegal Israeli settlements and outposts-is associated with a higher level of agricultural hardship (p < 0.01) but lower economic hardship (p < 0.01) and a higher dietary diversity (p < 0.001), as compared to those living outside of Area C. In the Gaza Strip, living within one kilometer to a buffer zone is associated with lower dietary diversity (p < 0.01), higher level of political hardship (p < 0.01), and higher level food insecurity experience (p < 0.01) compared to not living in close proximity to a buffer zone. Concomitantly, in the Gaza Strip, food insecurity experience is associated with approximately a one-point reduction in dietary diversity as measured by the food consumption score (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that broader socio-political conditions in the oPt impact different aspects of food security through augmenting the economic and agricultural hardships that are experienced by the residents. As such, it is important to address these broader political and economic structures in order to have more sustainable interventions in reducing food insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Kuo Lin
- Institute for Health & Aging, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Rawan Kafri
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, The West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Weeam Hammoudeh
- Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.,Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, The West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Suzan Mitwalli
- Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.,Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, The West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Zeina Jamaluddine
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ghattas
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rita Giacaman
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, The West Bank, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Tiziana Leone
- Middle East Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. .,Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salles-Costa R, Ferreira AA, Mattos R, Reichenheim M, Pérez-Escamilla R, Bem-Lignani J, Segall-Corrêa AM. National Trends and Disparities in Severe Food Insecurity in Brazil between 2004 and 2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac034. [PMID: 35425877 PMCID: PMC9004637 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA) is the main tool for assessing household food insecurity (FI) in Brazil and facilitates the monitoring and improvement of national public policies to promote food security. Since 2004, the Brazilian government has conducted National Household Sample Surveys, and in 2018, the government carried out the last national evaluation of FI. Objectives To describe trends in severe FI in Brazil from 2004 to 2018. Methods Data from 3 cross-sectional Brazilian National Household Sample Surveys (sample sizes: 2004 = 112,530; 2009 = 120,910; 2013 = 116,196) and from the last Household Budget Survey (sample size = 57,920) that assessed the status of FI using the EBIA were analyzed. Changes in severe FI during 2 periods (2004-2013; 2013-2018) were estimated while considering sociodemographic factors. Results The period between 2004 and 2013 was marked by a significant decrease in severe FI (-53.6%), but this trend reversed in 2013-2018 (+43.8%). The greatest decrease in severe FI occurred in the Northeast (-57.6%) among households where the reference person was a man (-57.6%) and self-identified as white (-58.1%) (2004-2013). In 2013-2018, households with children aged ≤4 y (+6.3%) and members aged ≥65 y (+12.5%) experienced the lowest increases in severe FI. Conclusions After a significant reduction from 2004 to 2013, severe FI increased sharply from 2013 to 2018, likely due to disruptions in public policies aimed at reducing hunger and unemployment rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Salles-Costa
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Alves Ferreira
- Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
, Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
| | - Ruben Araujo de Mattos
- Department of Health Planning and Administration, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael E Reichenheim
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juliana de Bem-Lignani
- Nutrition Division, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Segall-Corrêa
- Food, Nutrition and Culture Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brasília, Distrio Federal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matavel C, Hoffmann H, Rybak C, Steinke J, Sieber S, Müller K. Understanding the drivers of food security among agriculture-based households in Gurué District, Central Mozambique. AGRICULTURE & FOOD SECURITY 2022; 11:7. [PMID: 35127061 PMCID: PMC8807014 DOI: 10.1186/s40066-021-00344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of food insecurity in Mozambique is alarming, despite progress made during the 2010s. Several studies apply different proxy indicators of food security (FS) to assess the FS situation. However, these studies overlook the factors affecting FS, using only a single data point that results in an incomplete picture of FS. Food security is expected to fluctuate, being better and worse than what studies suggest. Using a sample of 296 households to assess FS, key drivers conditioning households’ capacity to achieve FS in Gurué District, Central Mozambique, are identified. Data were collected in the pre-harvest period and during the harvest period to capture relevant interseasonal variation of FS. Household FS is assessed using three standard indicators: Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS), Household Food Consumption Score (HFCS), and Months of Adequate Household Food Provisioning (MAHFP). Results Each household was classified into a specific FS status depending on the indicator applied. Generally, most households were classified as being severely or moderately food insecure during the pre-harvest season, while during the harvest season, medium and high levels of FS predominated. Nevertheless, varying outcomes were found depending on the indicator used to assess FS. MAHFP and HDDS are more related to the consumption of farm-sourced food, while HFCS responds more strongly to purchased food. Gender and age of the household head, geographic location, size and quality of land, staples production (especially cassava), livestock and crop diversity, as well as cash crops had a statistically significant effect on FS indicators. Conclusions The study concludes that the decision whether farmers should rely on staple foods production for increasing their FS status or specialize on cash crops production to generate income and buy food depends on the indicator used to assess FS, since each indicator captures a specific domain of food security. Thus, one central recommendation derived from our results is that policy makers should promote a balance between market-oriented agriculture and subsistence production to achieve FS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40066-021-00344-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Custodio Matavel
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harry Hoffmann
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Constance Rybak
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Steinke
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Sieber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Müller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.,Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robbiati C, Armando A, da Conceição N, Putoto G, Cavallin F. Association between diabetes and food insecurity in an urban setting in Angola: a case–control study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1084. [PMID: 35058483 PMCID: PMC8776869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04888-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is common in urban settings in Sub-Saharan Africa. Household food insecurity has been suggested to increase the chance of developing diabetes among adults. The relationship between diabetes and food insecurity has not been explored in Angolan urban settings so far. This case–control (1:2) study investigated the association between diabetes and food insecurity among adults attending six healthcare facilities in Luanda (Angola) between April 2019 and September 2019. All subjects with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels ≥ 126 mg/dl were included as cases. For each case, the next two subjects with FBG levels < 110 mg/dl were included as controls, to warrant the achievement of the set 1:2 ratio. Food insecurity was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). A total of 663 participants (221 cases and 442 controls) were enrolled in the study. Median FIES raw score was 7 (IQR 1–8) in cases and 5 (IQR 2–8) in controls (p = 0.09). The distribution of FIES levels (0–3; 4–6; 7–8) was different between cases and controls (p < 0.0001), with highest FIES scores (7–8) recorded in 53.0% of cases and 38.2% of controls. Our findings revealed an association between diabetes and severe food insecurity among adults attending healthcare facilities in the capital city of Angola.
Collapse
|
17
|
Boyd CE, McNevin AA, Davis RP. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to the global protein supply. Food Secur 2022; 14:805-827. [PMID: 35075379 PMCID: PMC8771179 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of aquatic animal protein to the global, animal-source protein supply and the relative importance of aquaculture to capture fisheries in supplying this protein is relevant in assessments and decisions related to the future of aquatic food production and its security. Meat of terrestrial animals, milk, and eggs resulted in 76,966 Kt crude protein compared with 13,950 Kt or 15.3% from aquatic animals in 2018.While aquaculture produced a greater tonnage of aquatic animals, capture fisheries resulted in 7,135 Kt crude protein while aquaculture yielded 6,815 Kt. Capture fisheries production has not increased in the past two decades, and aquaculture production must increase to assure the growing demand for fisheries products by a larger and more affluent population. We estimated based on status quo consumption, that aquaculture production would need to increase from 82,087 Kt in 2018 to 129,000 Kt by 2050 to meet the demand of the greater population. About two-thirds of finfish and crustacean production by aquaculture is feed-based, and feeds for these species include fishmeal and fish oil as ingredients. Aquaculture feeds require a major portion of the global supply of fishmeal and fish oil. An estimated 71.0% of fishmeal and 73.9% of fish oil are made from the catch with the rest coming from aquatic animal processing waste. The catch of small, pelagic fish from the ocean is not predicted to increase in the future. Aquaculture should reduce its fishmeal and oil use to lessen its dependency on small wild fish important to the integrity of marine food webs and food security for the poor in many coastal areas. Fishmeal and fish oil shortages for use in aquaculture feed will result in a limit on production in the future if goals to lessen their use in feeds are not met.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claude E. Boyd
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| | | | - Robert P. Davis
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oyetunji IO, Duncan A, Booley S, Harbron J. Diet quality, food insecurity and risk of cardiovascular diseases among adults living with HIV/AIDS: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047314. [PMID: 34642188 PMCID: PMC8513254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the single greatest contributor to global mortality. The successful introduction and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivered a reduction in HIV mortality. Consequently, an association was found between the scale-up of ART and an increased prevalence of comorbidities among people living with HIV (PLWH) such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia. A higher quality diet can delay the onset of comorbidities related to HIV infection. Diet quality and its methods of assessment are not fully established among PLWH. This review will identify the diet quality and food insecurity indices that have been used among PLWH and how these constructs are associated with risk of developing CVD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The frameworks recommended by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute's manual for conducting scoping reviews will be adopted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines will be used for reporting. A search strategy was developed using keywords related to the topic. A preliminary MEDLINE (via PubMed) search was conducted on 11 November 2020 to develop a comprehensive search strategy. The final search will be conducted on PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases. Titles and abstracts of retrieved records will be screened independently by two reviewers. Data will be extracted from records that meet the inclusion criteria using a predesigned charting tool. Discrepancies in decisions made by reviewers will be resolved by consensus or the decision of a third reviewer. Extracted data will be presented in tables or charts. A descriptive summary of the charts or tables will follow. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for a scoping review. Findings will inform other studies currently underway and will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. REGISTRATION NUMBER: https://osf.io/7k3ja.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iyanuoluwa Oyedeji Oyetunji
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle & Sport, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alastair Duncan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sharmilah Booley
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janetta Harbron
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle & Sport, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farmery AK, White A, Allison EH. Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security. Foods 2021; 10:1589. [PMID: 34359459 PMCID: PMC8303926 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between aquatic foods and food nutrition and security is increasingly recognised in policy and practice, yet many governance instruments do not acknowledge or support this important connection. The most effective policy approaches to support the link between these sectors, or 'best practices' are currently unknown. We reviewed relevant governance instruments from multiple countries to identify how these instruments linked fisheries, aquaculture and food security and nutrition, including the policy framing and evidence of political commitment. Of the documents connecting the sectors (65%), the majority did so in the context of developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector to increase aquatic food availability and/or access (51%), followed by developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector as a livelihoods approach to indirectly improve food security (33%), for example, through income generation. Sectoral links established in the context of nutrition-sensitive approaches to fisheries and aquaculture were less common (5%). Almost one third (29%) of instruments supported the connection between aquatic foods and food security and nutrition across three or more different contexts relevant to food security or food systems, while 12% indicated a very high level of commitment. We recommend some key attributes for future policy development to help build coherence between sectors and to help frame coherent food system-based policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elgar FJ, Sen A, Gariépy G, Pickett W, Davison C, Georgiades K, Hammami N, Da Silva MA, Gordon D, Melgar-Quiñonez HR. Food insecurity, state fragility and youth mental health: A global perspective. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100764. [PMID: 33732866 PMCID: PMC7944102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth in fragile settings face disproportionate risks of experiencing food insecurity and poor mental health. Cross-national evidence is lacking on the association between food insecurity and mental health in youth populations, and on state fragility as a social determinant of these experiences. We analysed data from six cycles of the Gallup World Poll (2014-2019), an annual survey that contains multi-item scales of food insecurity, mental health problems and positive wellbeing. The analytic sample included 164,118 youth aged 15-24 years in 160 states. We linked individual responses to state-level data from the Fragile States Index-an aggregate measure of state vulnerability to collapse or conflict (coded: sustainable, stable, warning, or alert) and estimated adjusted relative risk (RR) of food insecurity as a function of state fragility. We then used linear regression to examine associations of state fragility and food insecurity with mental health and wellbeing. The prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity rose from 22.93% in 2014 to 37.34% in 2019. State fragility (alert vs. sustainable) was related to an increased risk of food insecurity (RR = 2.28 [95% CI 1.30 to 4.01]), more mental health symptoms (b = 6.36 [95% CI 1.79 to 10.93]), and lower wellbeing (b = -4.49 [95% CI -8.28 to -0.70]) after controlling for state wealth and household income. Increased food insecurity (severe vs. none or mild) was uniquely related to more mental health symptoms (b = 18.44 [95% CI 17.24 to 19.64]) and reduced wellbeing (b = -9.85 [95% CI -10.88 to -8.83]) after state fragility was also controlled. Globally, youth experience better mental health where states are more robust and food access is more secure. The findings underscore the importance of strong governance and coordinated policy actions that may improve youth mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Elgar
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Akankasha Sen
- Margaret A. Gilliam Institute for Global Food Security, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Geneviève Gariépy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 Ave du Parc, Montreal, Quebec, H3N 1X9, Canada
- Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7401 rue Hochelaga, Montreal, Quebec, H1L 2K4, Canada
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3L3, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Colleen Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3L3, Canada
| | - Kathy Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nour Hammami
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marine Azevedo Da Silva
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, 1130 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - David Gordon
- Bristol Poverty Institute, University of Bristol, 10 Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1TN, UK
| | - Hugo Ramiro Melgar-Quiñonez
- Margaret A. Gilliam Institute for Global Food Security, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Dr, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Patterson K, Berrang-Ford L, Lwasa S, Namanya DB, Ford J, Research Team IHACC, Harper SL. Food security variation among Indigenous communities in South-western Uganda. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2020.1852146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Patterson
- Dept. Of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shuaib Lwasa
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Dept. Of Geography Geoinformatics and Climatic Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Didacus B. Namanya
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Ugandan Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - IHACC Research Team
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sherilee L. Harper
- Indigenous Health Adaptation to Climate Change Research Group, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coulthard H, Sharps M, Cunliffe L, van den Tol A. Eating in the lockdown during the Covid 19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite 2021; 161:105082. [PMID: 33476651 PMCID: PMC7976455 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The global coronavirus pandemic (Covid 19) resulted in national lockdowns where individuals were asked to isolate in their homes to stop the spread of the disease. Using a cross-sectional survey, the current paper aimed to examine self-reported changes in eating patterns and behaviour during the lockdown in the UK, and associations with BMI, demographic variables, eating styles, health anxiety, food insecurity and coping strategies. Participants (N = 620) were recruited online through social media advertising. The results showed that there were self-reported changes to food consumption during the lockdown across the sample. Increases in consumption of HED (high energy density) snack foods during the lockdown was associated with sex, pre-lockdown eating behaviour (emotional eating and uncontrolled eating), and Covid-specific health anxiety. Increases in positive eating practices such as eating more home prepared foods, and fruits and vegetables, were associated with adaptive coping strategies. Higher emotional eating (EE) during the lockdown was associated with a higher BMI, higher pre-lockdown EE and maladaptive coping strategies. Maladaptive coping strategies moderated the relationship between BMI and EE during the lockdown. In particular a higher BMI was associated with higher EE during the lockdown if an individual also had higher maladaptive coping strategies. These findings suggest that changes to eating behaviour may be part of a wider style of maladaptive or adaptive coping, particularly in those with a history of EE or uncontrolled eating. Preparing individuals to adopt more adaptive coping strategies during lockdown situations may be crucial to improving health during subsequent the lockdown events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Coulthard
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
| | - Maxine Sharps
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Cunliffe
- School of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
| | - Annemieke van den Tol
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Wharf East, Lincoln, LN5 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Elgar FJ, Pickett W, Pförtner TK, Gariépy G, Gordon D, Georgiades K, Davison C, Hammami N, MacNeil AH, Azevedo Da Silva M, Melgar-Quiñonez HR. Relative food insecurity, mental health and wellbeing in 160 countries. Soc Sci Med 2021; 268:113556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
25
|
González-Fernández D, Mazzini Salom AS, Herrera Bendezu F, Huamán S, Rojas Hernández B, Pevec I, Galarza Izquierdo EM, Armstrong N, Thomas V, Vela Gonzáles S, Gonzáles Saravia C, Scott ME, Koski KG. A Multi-Sectoral Approach Improves Early Child Development in a Disadvantaged Community in Peru: Role of Community Gardens, Nutrition Workshops and Enhanced Caregiver-Child Interaction: Project "Wawa Illari". Front Public Health 2020; 8:567900. [PMID: 33240834 PMCID: PMC7681241 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.567900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Multi-dimensional monitoring evaluation and learning strategies are needed to address the complex set of factors that affect early child development in marginalized populations, but few studies have explored their effectiveness. Objective: To compare improvement of health and development of children 0–3 years between intervention communities (IC) and control communities (CC) from peripheral settlements of Lima. Sequential interventions included: (1) home and community gardens, (2) conscious nutrition, and (3) parenting workshops following the International Child Development Program (ICDP). Methods: Interventions were delivered by community health promoters (CHPs) using a “step-by-step” learning system. Both IC and CC were monitored before the interventions began, at 8 and 12 months (n = 113 IC and 127 CC children). Data were collected on household characteristics, diet, food security, health indicators (history of diarrhea and respiratory infections, hemoglobin, intestinal parasites, anthropometry), caregiver-child interactions and stress, and achievement of Pan-American Health Organization age-specific developmental milestones. Stepwise multiple logistic regressions were used to determine if the interventions affected food insecurity, as well as motor, social/cognitive and language delays. Results: At baseline, 2.6% were categorized as “suspected developmental delay” and 14.2% were on “alert for development delay.” Food insecurity, diarrhea and respiratory infections were lowered following the interventions. Through the “step-by-step” approach, caregivers in IC gained skills in gardening, conscious nutrition and parenting that reduced the risk of food insecurity [Adjusted Risk Ratio = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.08–0.51)] and language delay [0.39 (0.19–0.82)] but not motor or social/cognitive delay. Use of a multiple micronutrient supplement decreased the risk of motor delay [0.12 (0.03–0.56)], but more pets were associated with higher risk of motor [3.24 (1.47–7.14)] and social/cognitive delay [2.72 (1.33–5.55)], and of food insecurity [1.73 (1.13–2.66)]. Conclusion: The combined interventions delivered by CHPs helped to mitigate the impact of adversity on food insecurity and language delay. Additional improvements may have been detected if the interventions had continued for a longer time. Our results indicate that control of infections and pets may be needed to achieve measurable results for motor and social/cognitive development. Continuous monitoring facilitated adjusting implementation strategies and achieving positive developmental outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Huamán
- Pachacámac Health Center, Ministry of Health, Lima, Peru
| | - Bertha Rojas Hernández
- Laboratory School, Faculty of Medical Technology, Federico Villarreal National University, Lima, Peru
| | - Illène Pevec
- Community Engagement, Design and Research Center (CEDaR), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | | | | | - Virginia Thomas
- Susila Dharma International Association, Greenfield Park, QC, Canada
| | | | - Carlos Gonzáles Saravia
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, National Institute for Children's Health (INSN), Lima, Peru
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Kristine G Koski
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bydalek K, Williams SG, Fruh SM, Sims BM, McCardle J, Minchew LA, Graves RJ, Elkins JC, Jones L, Sittig S. Food insecurity among nursing students: A mixed methods study. Nurs Forum 2020; 55:547-552. [PMID: 32446290 PMCID: PMC8060019 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students are among 48.1 table million Americans who experience food insecurity, affecting aspects of daily living, health, and academic performance. This study sought to assess food security in nursing students to determine the prevalence and significance of this issue. METHODS A mixed-methods descriptive design was utilized to collect and analyze data through an online survey of junior and senior undergraduate nursing students. Both qualitative and quantitative questions were related to personal experience with food insecurity. RESULTS Approximately 40% of students responded that they were Sometimes/Often worried that food would run out before the next income arrived. In addition, 52% of the participants Sometimes/Often could not afford an adequate amount of food, and 35% reported having a shortage of food. CONCLUSION University leadership, College of Nursing administrators, and nursing faculty should be aware of food insecurity among their students and identify strategies to assess and decrease this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katheryn Bydalek
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Susan G Williams
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Sharon M Fruh
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Brook M Sims
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jillian McCardle
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Leigh A Minchew
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Rebecca J Graves
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | | | - Loretta Jones
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Scott Sittig
- College of Nursing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pérez-Escamilla R, Vilar-Compte M, Gaitan-Rossi P. Why identifying households by degree of food insecurity matters for policymaking. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
28
|
Food Price Volatility and Asymmetries in Rural Areas of South Mediterranean Countries: A Copula-Based GARCH Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165855. [PMID: 32806729 PMCID: PMC7460421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many discussions following the 2007/08 food price crisis have revolved around the magnitude of the negative impacts that it may have had on food security worldwide. In South-Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMC), food security is strongly interrelated with several key economic and political issues. Many of these countries are becoming increasingly import-dependent, particularly on cereals, which are the essential raw material for human and animal food and feed. Due to both their economic system structure and consumption, the SEMC are responsible for a third of world cereals imports, whereas they account for only 5% of the world population. Given the set of constraints and this dependence on global markets, SEMC will be probably more exposed to severe swings in agricultural commodity prices in the coming years. In this view, this study examines the dependence structure among global food grain markets and Morocco and provides flexible models for dependency and the conditional volatility GARCH. A copula-based GARCH model has been carried out to estimate the marginal distributions of Morocco and world cereals commodity price changes. The results revealed that the joint co-movement between agricultural commodity price changes around the world and in Morocco, are generally considerable and there exists asymmetric tail dependence.
Collapse
|
29
|
Confirmatory factor analysis to validate a new measure of food insecurity: perceived and actual constructs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11135-020-00982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
30
|
Weigel MM, Armijos RX. Food Insecurity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Health Care in U.S.-Mexico Border Immigrant Adults: An Exploratory Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 21:1085-1094. [PMID: 30159707 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Household food insecurity (HFI) has been linked to poorer cardiometabolic health and reduced health care access but few studies have examined these issues in the large Mexican immigrant population living on the U.S.-Mexico border. This exploratory study examined the association of HFI with cardiometabolic conditions and health care in 40-84 year urban border immigrants (n = 75). Data were collected on HFI, self-reported and clinical cardiometabolic conditions, health care sources and use. HFI affected 45% of participants. HFI was associated with self-reported and clinical diabetes but not hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. It also was associated with increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations but not source of primary health care or preventative health care use. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the relationship of HFI with cardiometabolic health and health care in border immigrants as well as reassessment of current immigrant food security and health laws and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Margaret Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
- Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, USA.
| | - Rodrigo X Armijos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
- Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Swindle TM, Phelps J, Schrick B, Selig J, Hu Z, Kopparapu A, Johnson S. Identifying a Fine Line between Food Insecurity and Food Acquisition Stress: A Mixed Methods Exploration. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2019; 16:45-63. [PMID: 33868533 DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2019.1697407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces the concept of Food Acquisition Stress (FAS), stress associated with food acquisition among those who do not necessarily screen positive for food insecurity.. This study used an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach among a sample of predominantly early childhood educators to develop a 7-item tool for measuring current and retrospective FAS. Using this tool, we identified that 61% of individuals who had FAS did not meet criteria for food insecurity. Capturing FAS, even among those categorized as food secure, has the potential to identify individuals who may need supportive interventions. Future research can explore how FAS is related to health behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taren M Swindle
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Josh Phelps
- College of Health Profession, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Brittney Schrick
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas
| | - James Selig
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Zhuopei Hu
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | - Anil Kopparapu
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jamaluddine Z, Sahyoun NR, Choufani J, Sassine AJ, Ghattas H. Child-Reported Food Insecurity Is Negatively Associated with Household Food Security, Socioeconomic Status, Diet Diversity, and School Performance among Children Attending UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees Schools in Lebanon. J Nutr 2019; 149:2228-2235. [PMID: 31504697 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that children are able to accurately describe their own experiences of food insecurity; however, few studies have quantified this experience. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop and validate a child food security scale to be used in Arabic-speaking countries. METHODS As part of the Healthy Kitchens Healthy Children study on food security and nutrition in schools, 14 questions were administered to 5-15-y-old children (n = 1433) attending 4 UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine refugees schools. We used statistical methods based on Item Response Theory to assess the internal validity of a proposed food security scale using these items. Further validation of the scale was conducted by examining associations with sociodemographic, economic, household food security, and diet diversity variables through logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and school of the children. RESULTS A total of 1287 children (89.8%) provided complete responses to the questionnaire. Four items were dropped from the scale because of high infit statistics (>1.3) and high residual correlation with other items. The resulting 10-item scale had acceptable reliability (Cronbach α coefficient = 0.89). Children who reported food insecurity were more likely to be from food-insecure households (OR: 2.3; P < 0.001). Food-insecure children came from households with lower expenditures per capita (OR: 0.80; P = 0.007) and higher household crowding (OR: 1.70; P = 0.001), and had less educated mothers (OR: 0.89; P = 0.009), lower household diet diversity (OR: 0.85; P < 0.001), and lower household consumption of meat (OR: 0.89; P < 0.001) and fruit (OR: 0.95; P = 0.001). Child food insecurity was also associated with higher school absenteeism (OR: 1.64; P = 0.01) and lower academic grades in languages and science (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Child food security was accurately measured through a 10-item scale. This tool is appropriate to assess child food insecurity experience directly with children, and can be used in school-based interventions, where obtaining data from parents may be cumbersome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Jamaluddine
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadine R Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jowel Choufani
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - AnnieBelle J Sassine
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Ghattas
- Center for Research on Population and Health, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tarazona-Meza CE, Nicholson A, Romero KM, Pollard SL, Gálvez-Davila RM, Hansel NN, Checkley W. Household food insecurity is associated with asthma control in Peruvian children living in a resource-poor setting. J Asthma 2019; 57:1308-1315. [PMID: 31418600 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1648506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Prior evidence suggests that there may be an association between asthma and food insecurity. We sought to describe the prevalence of food insecurity access, defined as having sufficient resources for appropriate foods in Lima, Peru, and evaluate its association with asthma status and control.Methods: We analyzed data from 553 children with asthma and 268 healthy controls aged nine to 19 years living in two peri-urban communities in Lima, Peru, in 2013. We used the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale to assess food insecurity. We defined uncontrolled asthma as an asthma control test score ≤19. We used multivariable logistic regressions to determine the relationship between asthma outcomes and food insecurity adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, body mass index, and setting.Results: Average age was 14.2 years (SD 2.7). There was a high prevalence of household food insecurity in our study: 330 participants (40.2%) were food insecure, and average food insecurity access score was 2.7 points (SD 4.2). While being food insecure was not associated with asthma status (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.79; p = 0.28), it was associated with a higher odds of having uncontrolled asthma (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.59; p = 0.02). Each one-unit increase in food insecurity score (higher scores indicating more insecurity) was associated with 8% higher odds of having uncontrolled asthma (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14; p < 0.01).Conclusions: Worse asthma control was associated with food insecurity. Future studies are needed to better understand the role of food security in determining the success of treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Tarazona-Meza
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Biomedical Research Unit, A.B. PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrew Nicholson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karina M Romero
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suzanne L Pollard
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nadia N Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Carranza M, Niles MT. Smallholder Farmers Spend Credit Primarily on Food: Gender Differences and Food Security Implications in a Changing Climate. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
Seasonal trends of nutrient intake in rainforest communities of north-eastern Madagascar. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2200-2209. [PMID: 31112110 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We collected dietary records over the course of nine months to comprehensively characterize the consumption patterns of Malagasy people living in remote rainforest areas of north-eastern Madagascar. DESIGN The present study was a prospective longitudinal cohort study to estimate dietary diversity and nutrient intake for a suite of macronutrients, micronutrients and vitamins for 152 randomly selected households in two communities. SETTING Madagascar, with over 25 million people living in an area the size of France, faces a multitude of nutritional challenges. Micronutrient-poor staples, especially rice, roots and tubers, comprise nearly 80 % of the Malagasy diet by weight. The remaining dietary components (including wild foods and animal-source foods) are critical for nutrition. We focus our study in north-eastern Madagascar, characterized by access to rainforest, rice paddies and local agriculture. PARTICIPANTS We enrolled men, women and children of both sexes and all ages in a randomized sample of households in two communities. RESULTS Although the Household Dietary Diversity Score and Food Consumption Score reflect high dietary diversity, the Minimum Dietary Diversity-Women indicator suggests poor micronutrient adequacy. The food intake data confirm a mixed nutritional picture. We found that the median individual consumed less than 50 % of his/her age/sex-specific Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamins A, B12, D and E, and Ca, and less than 100 % of his/her EAR for energy, riboflavin, folate and Na. CONCLUSIONS Malnutrition in remote communities of north-eastern Madagascar is pervasive and multidimensional, indicating an urgent need for comprehensive public health and development interventions focused on providing nutritional security.
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu X, Hu H, Tan Y, Yang G, Zhu P, Jiang B. Quantifying the impacts of climate variability and human interventions on crop production and food security in the Yangtze River Basin, China, 1990-2015. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 665:379-389. [PMID: 30772568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Food security has become a global policy concern due to its important role in sustaining development and human well-being. Using spatial autocorrelation analysis of statistical data at the county-level, this study quantifies the change in spatial and temporal patterns of crop production in the Yangtze River Basin of China since 1990 and draws out policy implications for food security in the country. Four panel models were constructed to examine in what ways and to what extent four major factors (climate variation, sown area, fertilizer use intensity, and population size) influence the capacity for crop production. The results show that total crop production increased by 15.2% in 1990-2015, while there exists significant spatial heterogeneity in crop output across the upper, middle and lower sections of the Basin. The spatial agglomerations of crop production (hotspots) in the Basin have varied significantly over time, with the hotspots in the lower section having disappeared since 2000. Over a quarter of the total number of counties (649) in the region have experienced a high risk of food shortages, with 19.4-27.4% of counties having experienced severe or moderate shortages of per capita food availability since 1990. This percentage increased from 9.3% to 16.2% in the lower section, while it declined from 53.9% in 1990 to 41.9% in 2015 in the upper section and remained unchanged in the middle section. The variables of sown area, fertilizer use intensity, total precipitation in the growing seasons and time (Year) have significant positive effects on the growth of crop production, but mean temperature in the growing seasons of crops and total population have significant and negative relationships with crop outputs. Establishing a reliable food supply system, safeguarding high-quality cultivated land and increasing fertilizer use efficiency are suggested as imperative countermeasures to mitigate food security risks in the Yangtze River Basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Huizhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Geography, Environment and Population, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Guishan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Peng Zhu
- School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan 430051, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Development and validation of an individual sustainable diet index in the NutriNet-Santé study cohort. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1166-1177. [PMID: 30973117 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the current context of unsustainable food systems, we aimed to develop and validate an index, the sustainable diet index (SDI), assessing the sustainability of dietary patterns, including multidimensional individual indicators of sustainability. Based on the FAO's definition of sustainable diets, the SDI includes seven indicators categorised into four standardised sub-indexes, respectively, environmental, nutritional, economic and sociocultural. The index (range: 4-20) was obtained by summing the sub-indexes. We computed the SDI for 29 388 participants in the NutriNet-Santé cohort study, estimated its validity and identified potential socio-demographic or lifestyle differences across the SDI quintile. In our sample, the SDI (mean=12·10/20; 95 % CI 12·07, 12·13) was highly correlated to all the sub-indexes that exerted substantial influence on the participants' ranking. The environmental and economical sub-indexes were the most and less correlated with the SDI (Pearson R 2 0·66 and 0·52, respectively). Dietary patterns of participants with a high SDI (considered as more sustainable) were concordant with the already published sustainable diets. Participants with high SDI scores were more often women (24 %), post-secondary graduates (22 %) and vegetarians or vegans (7 %), without obesity (16 %). Finally, the SDI could be a useful tool to easily assess the sustainability-related changes in dietary patterns, estimate the association with long-term health outcomes and help guide future public health policies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Melgar-Quiñónez H, Eslava-Schmalbach J. [Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in Colombia, Guatemala, and México.]. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 60:510-519. [PMID: 30550112 DOI: 10.21149/9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the psychometric characteristics of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and the grade of similitude or difference among Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico during three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Psychometric comparison using the Rasch model to calculate the relative severity of each item in FIES, INFIT and contrast in the Differential Functioning of Items (c-DIF). RESULTS The majority of items showed a relative severity corresponding to the theoretical construct and acceptably fit the model (INFIT=0.7-1.3). No c-DIF above 1.0 logit was observed in the comparison men vs women. In the comparison among countries by year 87% of the items showed c-DIF below 0.5 logit. CONCLUSIONS The FIES presents psychometric characteristics corresponding to the theoretical construct of the tool. Future studies with the inclusion of more countries and more time points are essential to evaluate the relative severity, behavior and distribution of items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia
| | - Hugo Melgar-Quiñónez
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University. Montreal. Canadá
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Andarge E, Shiferaw Y. Disparities in Intimate Partner Violence among Currently Married Women from Food Secure and Insecure Urban Households in South Ethiopia: A Community Based Comparative Cross-Sectional Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4738527. [PMID: 30327777 PMCID: PMC6171209 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4738527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women and food insecurity are an ever growing public health concerns in Ethiopia. However, the connection between the two is not yet well investigated. Therefore, this study compares IPV by household food security status and examines the association between IPV and food insecurity and among currently married women in childbearing age in Arba Minch town, South Ethiopia. A community based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 696 currently married women (15-49). A quantitative data was collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire on randomly selected women. Logistic regression was done using IBM SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was declared at p-value of less than 0.05 and odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval was used to show the degree of association. Lifetime and current IPV were 62.4% and 50%, respectively. Sixty-three (23.6%) and 285 (66.4%) women who experienced current IPV were from food secured and insecure households, respectively (P-value<0.001). The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households (AOR=6.59,95% CI(4.54,9.57)) and who were in the age range of 30-39 (AOR=2.16, 95% CI(1.34,3.56)) and it was lower among women with 10 and more years age difference with their husband (AOR=0.52, 95% CI (0.31,0.88)) and with high decision-making power (AOR=0.61, 95% CI (0.38.0.96)) than their reference groups. The prevalence of current IPV was significantly higher among women from food insecure households as compared to their counterparts. The odds of experiencing current IPV were higher among women from food insecure households. Policy makers and programme planners should consider improving urban women's household food security status in order to improve gender inequality and empower women. Multisectorial effort is needed to improve women education and other behavioral factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eshetu Andarge
- Reproductive Health Unit, Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Shiferaw
- Department of Public Health, Arba Minch College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 155, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pérez W, Contreras M, Peña R, Zelaya E, Persson LÅ, Källestål C. Food insecurity and self-rated health in rural Nicaraguan women of reproductive age: a cross-sectional study. Int J Equity Health 2018; 17:146. [PMID: 30227875 PMCID: PMC6145199 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-018-0854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Access to food is a basic necessity, and food insecurity may impair the individual's well-being and health. Self-rated health measurements have frequently been used to assess population health. Little is known, however, as to whether food security is associated with self-rated health in low- and middle-income settings. This study aims at analyzing the association between food security and self-rated health among non-pregnant women of reproductive age in a rural Nicaraguan setting. METHODS Data was taken from the 2014 update of a health and demographic surveillance system in the municipalities of Los Cuatro Santos in northwestern Nicaragua. Fieldworkers interviewed women about their self-rated health using a 5-point Likert scale. Food insecurity was assessed by the household food insecurity access (HFIAS) scale. A multilevel Poisson random-intercept model was used to calculate the prevalence ratio. RESULTS The survey included 5866 women. In total, 89% were food insecure, and 48% had poor self-rated health. Food insecurity was associated with poor self-rated health, and remained so after adjustment for potential confounders and accounting for community dependency. CONCLUSION In this Nicaraguan resource-limited setting, there was an association between food insecurity and poor self-rated health. Food insecurity is a facet of poverty and measures an important missing capability directly related to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilton Pérez
- International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariela Contreras
- International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rodolfo Peña
- International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Pan American Health Organization, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Elmer Zelaya
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Económico y Social de El Espino (APRODESE), Cinco Pinos, Nicaragua
| | - Lars-Åke Persson
- International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Carina Källestål
- International Maternal and Child Health (IMCH), Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Weigel MM, Armijos RX. Food Insecurity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Health Care in U.S.-Mexico Border Immigrant Adults: An Exploratory Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2018. [PMID: 30159707 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0817-3+[doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Household food insecurity (HFI) has been linked to poorer cardiometabolic health and reduced health care access but few studies have examined these issues in the large Mexican immigrant population living on the U.S.-Mexico border. This exploratory study examined the association of HFI with cardiometabolic conditions and health care in 40-84 year urban border immigrants (n = 75). Data were collected on HFI, self-reported and clinical cardiometabolic conditions, health care sources and use. HFI affected 45% of participants. HFI was associated with self-reported and clinical diabetes but not hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. It also was associated with increased emergency room visits and hospitalizations but not source of primary health care or preventative health care use. These findings highlight the need for additional research on the relationship of HFI with cardiometabolic health and health care in border immigrants as well as reassessment of current immigrant food security and health laws and policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Margaret Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. .,Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, USA.
| | - Rodrigo X Armijos
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, 1025 E. 7th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.,Global Environmental Health Research Laboratory, Indiana University-Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Food Insecurity, Cardiometabolic Health, and Health Care in U.S.-Mexico Border Immigrant Adults: An Exploratory Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0817-3 [doi]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
Agovino M, Cerciello M, Gatto A. Policy efficiency in the field of food sustainability. The adjusted food agriculture and nutrition index. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 218:220-233. [PMID: 29680754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work introduces a revised version of the Food Sustainability Index, proposed by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition in 2016. Our Adjusted Food Sustainability Index features two important advantages: 1) it employs the Mazziotta-Pareto method to compute weights, hence granting an objective aggregation criterion and 2) it does not take policy variables into account, thus focusing on the status quo. The policy variables are aggregated into the Policy Index, measuring the quality of the food sustainability policies. We compute the two indices for 25 countries worldwide, then we use the Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate policy efficiency. Our results show that country-level variation in policy efficiency is wide and policies affect food sustainability significantly, especially when they target nutritional challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agovino
- Department of Economic & Legal Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Room 510, Palazzo Pacanowski, Via Generale Parisi, 13 80132, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Cerciello
- Department of Economic & Legal Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Room 510, Palazzo Pacanowski, Via Generale Parisi, 13 80132, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gatto
- Department of Economic & Legal Studies, University of Naples Parthenope, Room 510, Palazzo Pacanowski, Via Generale Parisi, 13 80132, Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Higher agrobiodiversity is associated with improved dietary diversity, but not child anthropometric status, of Mayan Achí people of Guatemala. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2128-2141. [PMID: 29611490 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child undernutrition remains one of the greatest challenges for public health nutrition in rural areas in developing countries. Interventions aiming to increase and conserve agrobiodiversity seem to be promising alternatives to improve child nutrition. However, the existing literature on these interventions is not conclusive about their effectiveness in combating child undernutrition. We tested the hypothesis that 'higher agrobiodiversity is associated with greater dietary diversity and better anthropometric status' in rural Guatemala.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn the summer of 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 154 children (6-60 months). We conducted dietary recalls and structured interviews, measured children's weight and height, and visited food production systems (Milpas, home gardens, coffee plantations). Crop species richness, nutritional functional diversity, dietary diversity scores and anthropometric status were calculated. RESULTS Higher food self-sufficiency, nutritional functional diversity and dietary diversity scores were positively correlated with higher crop and animal species richness. Contrarily, remoteness to the local market was negatively correlated with dietary diversity scores. However, higher dietary diversity scores were not correlated with better child anthropometric status. Better child anthropometric status was positively correlated with improved sanitary conditions and maternal education; and negatively correlated with large household size and frequent child morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural diversification could diversify diets, increase nutrient availability and improve child anthropometry. However, these interventions need to be accompanied by sanitation improvements, family planning, nutritional education and women's empowerment to strengthen their positive effect on diet and nutrition.
Collapse
|
47
|
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:1048-1056. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017003664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveOverweight and obesity in childhood are serious public health issues, both in developing and developed countries. The present study aimed to ascertain overweight and obesity prevalence rates among Togolese schoolchildren in Lomé, Togo, and their correlation with physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. Physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Specially trained medical students interviewed children and collected the data. After bivariate regression analyses, factors associated with overweight/obesity were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was two-sided P<0·05.SettingLomé, Togo.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 634 children (288 boys, 346 girls), aged 8–17 years, who were studying in primary schools.ResultsOverweight and obesity respectively affected 5·2 and 1·9 % of children surveyed. Watching television (>4 h) on weekends (OR; 95 % CI: 3·8; 1·2, 12·0, P=0·02) and medium dietary diversity score (3·0; 1·1, 8·1, P=0·03) were independently associated with overweight/obesity in a multivariate regression model. Eating breakfast in the school cafeteria (0·2; 0·1, 0·8, P=0·03) and eating fruits (0·4; 0·1, 0·9, P=0·03) significantly reduced the risk of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence were linked with sedentary behaviour and non-optimal food diversity. Promoting physical activity and fruit consumption should be explored as interventions to reduce and prevent overweight and obesity in Lomé schoolchildren. In addition, preventive approaches in the social environment of children should be considered.
Collapse
|
48
|
Ahmed UI, Ying L, Bashir MK, Abid M, Zulfiqar F. Status and determinants of small farming households' food security and role of market access in enhancing food security in rural Pakistan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185466. [PMID: 29077719 PMCID: PMC5659641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In most of the developing countries, lack of resources and little market accessibility are among the major factors that affect small farming household food security. This study aims to investigate the status of small farming households’ food security, and its determinants including the role of market accessibility factors in enhancing food security at household level. In addition, this study also determines the households’ perception about different kinds of livelihoods risks. This study is based on a household survey of 576 households conducted through face-to-face interviews using structured interviews in Punjab, Pakistan. Food security status is calculated using dietary intake method. The study findings show that one-fourth of the households are food insecure. The study findings reveal that farm households perceive increase in food prices, crop diseases, lack of irrigation water and increase in health expenses as major livelihood risks. Further, the results of logistic regression show that family size, monthly income, food prices, health expenses and debt are main factors influencing the food security status of rural households. Furthermore, the market accessibility factors (road distance and transportation cost) do significantly affect the small farming household food security. The results suggest that local food security can be enhanced by creating off-farm employment opportunities, improved transportation facilities and road infrastructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Ijaz Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Liu Ying
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, Wuhan, P.R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: , ,
| | - Muhammad Khalid Bashir
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Agriculture Policy, USPCAS-AFS, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhad Zulfiqar
- Department of Economics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Food security measurement and governance: Assessment of the usefulness of diverse food insecurity indicators for policy makers. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
50
|
Dooley JM, Gordon KE, Kuhle S. Food insecurity and migraine in Canada. Cephalalgia 2016; 36:936-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102415617414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of household food insecurity in individuals reporting migraine within a large population-based sample of Canadians. Methods The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) uses a stratified cluster sample design to obtain information on Canadians ≥12 years of age. Data on household food insecurity were assessed for individuals who reported having migraine or not, providing a current point prevalence. This was assessed for stability in two CCHS datasets from four and eight years earlier. Factors associated with food insecurity among those reporting migraine were examined and a logistic regression model of food insecurity was developed. We also examined whether food insecurity was associated with other reported chronic health conditions. Results Of 48,645 eligible survey respondents, 4614 reported having migraine (weighted point prevalence 10.2%). Food insecurity was reported by 14.8% who reported migraine compared with 6.8% of those not reporting migraine, giving an odds ratio of 2.4 (95% confidence interval 2.0–2.8%). This risk estimate was stable over the previous eight years. The higher risk for food insecurity was not unique to migraine and was seen with some, but not all, chronic health conditions reported in the CCHS. Conclusions Food insecurity is more frequent among individuals reporting migraine in Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Dooley
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevin E Gordon
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefan Kuhle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Perinatal Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|