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Gao Q, Jiang Y, Song Z, Ren H, Kong Y, Wang C, Zheng M, Shan C, Yang Y. Dapagliflozin improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity through SIRT1 activation induced by nutrient deprivation state. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16878. [PMID: 39043740 PMCID: PMC11266597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial damage impair insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) protects mitochondria and activates under energy restriction. Dapagliflozin (Dapa) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that belongs to the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Evidence shows that Dapa can induce nutrient deprivation effects, providing additional metabolic benefits. This study investigates whether Dapa can trigger nutrient deprivation to activate SIRT1 and enhance insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. We treated diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with Dapa and measured metabolic parameters, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and glucose utilization in skeletal muscle. β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) was intervened in C2C12 myotubes. The role of SIRT1 was verified by RNA interference. We found that Dapa treatment induced nutrient deprivation state and reduced lipid deposition and oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function and glucose tolerance in skeletal muscle. The same positive effects were observed after β-HB intervening for C2C12 myotubes, and the promoting effects on glucose utilization were diminished by SIRT1 RNA interference. Thus, Dapa promotes a nutrient deprivation state and enhances skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity via SIRT1 activation. In this study, we identified a novel hypoglycemic mechanism of Dapa and the potential mechanistic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhenqiang Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Huizhu Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yan Kong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Cong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Miaoyan Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Chunyan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Abdullah G, Akpan A, Phelan MM, Wright HL. New insights into healthy ageing, inflammageing and frailty using metabolomics. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1426436. [PMID: 39044748 PMCID: PMC11263002 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1426436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Human ageing is a normal process and does not necessarily result in the development of frailty. A mix of genetic, environmental, dietary, and lifestyle factors can have an impact on ageing, and whether an individual develops frailty. Frailty is defined as the loss of physiological reserve both at the physical and cellular levels, where systemic processes such as oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to physical decline. The newest "omics" technology and systems biology discipline, metabolomics, enables thorough characterisation of small-molecule metabolites in biological systems at a particular time and condition. In a biological system, metabolites-cellular intermediate products of metabolic reactions-reflect the system's final response to genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenetic, or environmental alterations. As a relatively newer technique to characterise metabolites and biomarkers in ageing and illness, metabolomics has gained popularity and has a wide range of applications. We will give a comprehensive summary of what is currently known about metabolomics in studies of ageing, with a focus on biomarkers for frailty. Metabolites related to amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and redox metabolism may function as biomarkers of ageing and/or frailty development, based on data obtained from human studies. However, there is a complexity that underpins biological ageing, due to both genetic and environmental factors that play a role in orchestrating the ageing process. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify pathways that contribute to functional decline in people with frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna Abdullah
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Asangaedem Akpan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Western Australia, Bunbury, WA, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtis University, Bunbury, WA, Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Bunbury Regional Hospital, Bunbury, WA, Australia
| | - Marie M. Phelan
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- High Field NMR Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L. Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Zhu Y, Hu Y, Pan Y, Li M, Niu Y, Zhang T, Sun H, Zhou S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu C, Ma Y, Guo Y, Wang L. Fatty infiltration in the musculoskeletal system: pathological mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1406046. [PMID: 39006365 PMCID: PMC11241459 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1406046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty infiltration denotes the anomalous accrual of adipocytes in non-adipose tissue, thereby generating toxic substances with the capacity to impede the ordinary physiological functions of various organs. With aging, the musculoskeletal system undergoes pronounced degenerative alterations, prompting heightened scrutiny regarding the contributory role of fatty infiltration in its pathophysiology. Several studies have demonstrated that fatty infiltration affects the normal metabolism of the musculoskeletal system, leading to substantial tissue damage. Nevertheless, a definitive and universally accepted generalization concerning the comprehensive effects of fatty infiltration on the musculoskeletal system remains elusive. As a result, this review summarizes the characteristics of different types of adipose tissue, the pathological mechanisms associated with fatty infiltration in bone, muscle, and the entirety of the musculoskeletal system, examines relevant clinical diseases, and explores potential therapeutic modalities. This review is intended to give researchers a better understanding of fatty infiltration and to contribute new ideas to the prevention and treatment of clinical musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Zhu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalan Pan
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Niu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianchi Zhang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Huishan Hospital of Xinglin College of Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmin Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjie Wu
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng TCM Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu CM Clinical Innovation Center of Degenerative Bone & Joint Disease, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Medicine Centre (International Collaboration between Western Sydney University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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Ravi H, Das S, Devi Rajeswari V, Venkatraman G, Choudhury AA, Chakraborty S, Ramanathan G. Hormonal regulation in diabetes: Special emphasis on sex hormones and metabolic traits. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:257-291. [PMID: 39059988 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes constitutes a significant global public health challenge that is rapidly reaching epidemic proportions. Among the non-communicable diseases, the incidence of diabetes is rising at an alarming rate. The International Diabetes Federation has documented a 9.09% prevalence of diabetes among individuals aged between 20 and 79 years. The interplay of gonadal hormones and gender differences is critical in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, and this dynamic is particularly crucial because of the escalating incidence of diabetes. Variations in insulin sensitivity are observed across genders, levels of adiposity, and age groups. Both estrogen and testosterone are seen to influence glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. This chapter surveys the present knowledge of sex differences, sex hormones, and chromosomes on insulin imbalance and diabetes development. It further highlights the influence of metabolic traits in diabetes and changes in sex hormones during diabetic pregnancy. Notably, even stressful lifestyles have been acknowledged to induce hormonal imbalances. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of hormonal therapy to help stabilize sex hormones in diabetic individuals and focuses on the most recent research investigating the correlation between sex hormones and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Ravi
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abbas Alam Choudhury
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shreya Chakraborty
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gnanasambandan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Illesca PG, Ferreira MDR, Benmelej A, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed improves redox state and reverts extracellular matrix collagen deposition in skeletal muscle of sucrose-rich diet-fed rats. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38804965 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is a plastic and dynamic tissue, essential in energy metabolism. Growing evidence suggests a close relationship between intramuscular fat accumulation, oxidative stress (OS), extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and metabolic deregulation in SkM. Nowadays natural products emerge as promising alternatives for the treatment of metabolic disorders. We have previously shown that chia seed administration reverts SkM lipotoxicity and whole-body insulin resistant (IR) in sucrose-rich diet (SRD) fed rats. The purpose of the present study was to assess the involvement of OS and fibrosis in SkM metabolic impairment of insulin-resistant rats fed a long-term SRD and the effects of chia seed upon these mechanisms as therapeutic strategy. Results showed that insulin-resistant SRD-fed rats exhibited sarcopenia, increase in lipid peroxidation, altered redox state, and ECM remodeling-increased collagen deposition and lower activity of the metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in SkM. Chia seed increased ferric ion reducing antioxidant power and glutathione reduced form levels, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes. Moreover, chia seed reversed fibrosis and restored the MMP-2 activity. This work reveals a participation of the OS and ECM remodeling in the metabolic alterations of SkM in our experimental model. Moreover, current data show novel properties of chia seed with the potential to attenuate SkM OS and fibrosis, hallmark of insulin-resistant muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola G Illesca
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Del R Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Adriana Benmelej
- Cátedra de Morfología Normal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia D'Alessandro
- Laboratorio de Estudio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Relacionadas con la Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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d'Avila JDC, Moreira El Nabbout TG, Georges Moreira El Nabbout H, Silva ADS, Barbosa Ramos Junior AC, Fonseca ERD, Santana Carlos A, de Azeredo Siqueira R. Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230026. [PMID: 38709150 PMCID: PMC11081056 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Muscle weakness has been associated to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in the general population. However, it is still unclear whether this association is maintained in older adults. This study investigated correlations between low handgrip strength (HGS) and metabolic syndrome, or some of its components, in older adults through a systematic review of the literature. Searches were conducted in the Virtual Health Library Regional Portal, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE/ PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science databases for relevant studiesinvestigating muscle weakness (measured by hand dynamometer) and metabolic syndrome or its components in older adult populations, published up to September 2023. From the 2050 references initially identified, 20 studies, comprising a total of 31,264 older adults of both genders, completely met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Eighteen studies showed that lower HGS was associated with metabolic syndrome or some of its risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. Two studies found that older men with high blood pressure had increased HGS. Most studies included in this systematic review revealed a significant correlation between reduced HGS and metabolic syndrome or some of its components, especially abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. We conclude that below-average HGS can be associated with metabolic syndrome in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana da Costa d'Avila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil,
| | - Talel Georges Moreira El Nabbout
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
| | - Hayfa Georges Moreira El Nabbout
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
| | - Aline Dos Santos Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
| | - Antonio Carlos Barbosa Ramos Junior
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
| | - Eliana Rosa da Fonseca
- Sistema de Bibliotecas e Informação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Aluana Santana Carlos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo de Azeredo Siqueira
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia Experimental e Humana, Laboratório de Pesquisa Pré-clínica, Universidade Iguaçu (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
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Osama E, Khowailed E, Rashed L, Fawzy A, Hassan RM, Harb I, Maher M. Evaluation of skeletal muscle function in male rats with doxorubicin-induced myopathy following various exercise techniques: the significant role of glucose transporter 4. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:797-808. [PMID: 38368293 PMCID: PMC11033232 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
A common anthracycline antibiotic used to treat cancer patients is doxorubicin (DOX). One of the effects of DOX therapy is skeletal muscle fatigue. Our goal in this research was to study the beneficial effect of exercise on DOX-induced damaged muscle fibers and compare the effect of different exercise strategies (prophylactic, post- toxicity and combined) on DOX toxicity. Five groups were created from 40 male rats: group I, control group; group II, DOX was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks over 6 equal injections (each 2.5 mg/kg); group III, rats trained for 3 weeks before DOX; group IV, rats trained for 8 weeks after DOX; and group V, rats were trained for 3 weeks before DOX followed by 8 weeks after. Measures of oxidative damage (H2O2, catalase), inflammation (TNF-α), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression on skeletal muscle were assessed. Also, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. Skeletal performance was evaluated by contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (1/2 RT), and force-frequency relationship by the end of this research. The current study demonstrated a detrimental effect of DOX on skeletal performance as evidenced by a significant increase in CT and 1/2 RT compared to control; in addition, H2O2, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were significantly increased with a significant decrease in GLUT4 expression and catalase activity. Combined exercise therapy showed a remarkable improvement in skeletal muscle performance, compared to DOX, CT, and 1/2 RT which were significantly decreased; H2O2 and TNF-α were significantly decreased unlike catalase antioxidant activity that significantly increased; in addition, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism was significantly improved as GLUT4 expression significantly increased and HOMA-IR was significantly decreased. Exercise therapy showed significant improvement in all measured parameters relative to DOX. However, combined exercise therapy showed the best improvement relative to both pre-exercise and post-exercise groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Osama
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Effat Khowailed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - L Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A Fawzy
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia Mohamad Hassan
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Harb
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Maher
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Baylie T, Ayelgn T, Tiruneh M, Tesfa KH. Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders: Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1391-1401. [PMID: 38529169 PMCID: PMC10962461 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Baylie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Yu Y, Yang J, Zheng L, Su H, Cao S, Jiang X, Liu X, Liu W, Wang Z, Meng F, Xu H, Wen D, Sun C, Song X, Vidal-Puig A, Cao L. Dysfunction of Akt/FoxO3a/Atg7 regulatory loop magnifies obesity-regulated muscular mass decline. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101892. [PMID: 38331318 PMCID: PMC10876605 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoprotein degradation accelerates in obese individuals, resulting in a decline in muscular mass. Atg7 plays a crucial role in regulating protein stability and function through both autophagy-dependent and independent pathways. As obesity progresses, the expression of Atg7 gradually rises in muscle tissue. Nonetheless, the precise impact and mechanism of Atg7 in promoting muscle mass decline in obesity remain uncertain. The study aimed to elucidate the role and underly mechanism of Atg7 action in the context of obesity-induced muscle mass decline. METHODS In this study, we established a murine model of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and introduced adeno-associated virus delivery of short hairpin RNA to knock down Atg7 (shAtg7) into the gastrocnemius muscle. We then examined the expressions of Atg7 and myoprotein degradation markers in the gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients and mice using immunofluorescence and western blotting techniques. To further investigate the effects of Atg7, we assessed skeletal muscle cell diameter and the myoprotein degradation pathway in C2C12 and HSkMC cells in the presence or absence of Atg7. Immunofluorescence staining for MyHC and western blotting were utilized for this purpose. To understand the transcriptional regulation of Atg7 in response to myoprotein degradation, we conducted luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments to examine whether FoxO3a enhances the transcription of Atg7. Moreover, we explored the role of Akt in Atg7-mediated regulation and its relevance to obesity-induced muscle mass decline. This was accomplished by Akt knockdown, treatment with MK2206, and GST pulldown assays to assess the interaction between Atg7 and Akt. RESULTS After 20 weeks of being on a high-fat diet, obesity was induced, leading to a significant decrease in the gastrocnemius muscle area and a decline in muscle performance. This was accompanied by a notable increase in Atg7 protein expression (p < 0.01). Similarly, in gastrocnemius tissues of obese patients when compared to nonobese individuals, there was a significant increase in both Atg7 (p < 0.01) and TRIM63 (p < 0.01) levels. When palmitic acid was administered to C2C12 cells, it resulted in increased Atg7 (p < 0.01), LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ (p < 0.01), and p62 levels (p < 0.01). Additionally, it promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription of Atg7. The knockdown of Atg7 in the gastrocnemius partially reversed DIO-induced muscle mass decline. Furthermore, when Atg7 was knocked down in C2C12 and HSkMC cells, it mitigated palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance, increased the p-Akt/Akt ratio (p < 0.01), and reduced TRIM63 (p < 0.01). Muscular atrophy mediated by Atg7 was reversed by genetic knockdown of Akt and treatment with the p-Akt inhibitor MK2206. Palmitic acid administration increased the binding between Atg7 and Akt (p < 0.01) while weakening the binding of PDK1 (p < 0.01) and PDK2 (p < 0.01) to Akt. GST pulldown assays demonstrated that Atg7 directly interacted with the C-terminal domain of Akt. CONCLUSION The consumption of a high-fat diet, along with lipid-induced effects, led to the inhibition of Akt signaling, which, in turn, promoted FoxO3a-mediated transcription, increasing Atg7 levels in muscle cells. The excess Atg7 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, leading to a cyclic activation of FoxO3a and exacerbating the decline in muscle mass regulated by obesity. Consequently, Atg7 serves as a regulatory point in determining the decline in muscle mass induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Su
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Sunrun Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuehan Jiang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiyan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, CB2 1TN, Cambridge, UK; Centro de Investigacion Principe Felipe, Valencia, Spain; Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; College of Basic Medical Science, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Xourafa G, Korbmacher M, Roden M. Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:27-49. [PMID: 37845351 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by tissue-specific insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which result from the interplay of local abnormalities within different tissues and systemic dysregulation of tissue crosstalk. The main local mechanisms comprise metabolic (lipid) signalling, altered mitochondrial metabolism with oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and local inflammation. While the role of endocrine dysregulation in T2DM pathogenesis is well established, other forms of inter-organ crosstalk deserve closer investigation to better understand the multifactorial transition from normoglycaemia to hyperglycaemia. This narrative Review addresses the impact of certain tissue-specific messenger systems, such as metabolites, peptides and proteins and microRNAs, their secretion patterns and possible alternative transport mechanisms, such as extracellular vesicles (exosomes). The focus is on the effects of these messengers on distant organs during the development of T2DM and progression to its complications. Starting from the adipose tissue as a major organ relevant to T2DM pathophysiology, the discussion is expanded to other key tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, the endocrine pancreas and the intestine. Subsequently, this Review also sheds light on the potential of multimarker panels derived from these biomarkers and related multi-omics for the prediction of risk and progression of T2DM, novel diabetes mellitus subtypes and/or endotypes and T2DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Xourafa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melis Korbmacher
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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11
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Chen Y, Ling C, Chen M, Yu L, Yang J, Fang Q. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Worsened Muscle Dysfunction of MDX Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet through Reducing Lipotoxicity and Regulating Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 38201863 PMCID: PMC10780320 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a severe X-linked inherited neuromuscular disease, has a high prevalence of obesity. Obesity exacerbates muscle damage and results in adverse clinical outcomes. Preventing obesity helps DMD patients delay disease progression and improve quality of life. Astaxanthin (AX) is a kind of carotenoid which has antioxidant and anti-adipogenesis effects. In this study, male C57BL/10ScSnDmdmdx/J mice were fed with a normal diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD containing AX for 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that AX significantly increased gastrocnemius fiber cross-section area and grip strength, improved treadmill endurance test and mitochondrial morphology, and reduced muscle triglyceride and malonaldehyde levels compared to the HFD. Lipidomic analysis revealed that AX decreased high levels of triglyceride, diglyceride, ceramides, and wax ester induced by HFD. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that AX supplementation failed to alleviate abnormal microbiota diversity, but increased the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Butyricicoccus, and Staphylococcus. In conclusion, AX was expected to alleviate disease progression associated with obesity in DMD patients by reducing lipotoxicity and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Chenjie Ling
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China;
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Liqiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; (Y.C.); (L.Y.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215124, China;
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12
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Fletcher E, Miserlis D, Sorokolet K, Wilburn D, Bradley C, Papoutsi E, Wilkinson T, Ring A, Ferrer L, Haynatzki G, Smith RS, Bohannon WT, Koutakis P. Diet-induced obesity augments ischemic myopathy and functional decline in a murine model of peripheral artery disease. Transl Res 2023; 260:17-31. [PMID: 37220835 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) causes an ischemic myopathy contributing to patient disability and mortality. Most preclinical models to date use young, healthy rodents with limited translatability to human disease. Although PAD incidence increases with age, and obesity is a common comorbidity, the pathophysiologic association between these risk factors and PAD myopathy is unknown. Using our murine model of PAD, we sought to elucidate the combined effect of age, diet-induced obesity and chronic hindlimb ischemia (HLI) on (1) mobility, (2) muscle contractility, and markers of muscle (3) mitochondrial content and function, (4) oxidative stress and inflammation, (5) proteolysis, and (6) cytoskeletal damage and fibrosis. Following 16-weeks of high-fat, high-sucrose, or low-fat, low-sucrose feeding, HLI was induced in 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice via the surgical ligation of the left femoral artery at 2 locations. Animals were euthanized 4-weeks post-ligation. Results indicate mice with and without obesity shared certain myopathic changes in response to chronic HLI, including impaired muscle contractility, altered mitochondrial electron transport chain complex content and function, and compromised antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress was significantly greater in obese ischemic muscle compared to non-obese ischemic muscle. Moreover, functional impediments, such as delayed post-surgical recovery of limb function and reduced 6-minute walking distance, as well as accelerated intramuscular protein breakdown, inflammation, cytoskeletal damage, and fibrosis were only evident in mice with obesity. As these features are consistent with human PAD myopathy, our model could be a valuable tool to test new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | | | - Dylan Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Ring
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | - Lucas Ferrer
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Gleb Haynatzki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Robert S Smith
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, Texas
| | - William T Bohannon
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, Texas
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13
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Guarisco G, Giordano M. Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7845-7861. [PMID: 37886939 PMCID: PMC10605445 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Gloria Guarisco
- Diabetology, University Sapienza of Rome, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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14
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Weng X, Wang C, Yuan YU, Wang Z, Kuang J, Yan XU, Chen H. Effect of Cold Exposure and Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity and Serum Free Fatty Acids in Obese Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1409-1415. [PMID: 36924336 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the effect of exercise and cold exposure on insulin sensitivity and the level of serum free fatty acids (FFA) in diet-induced obese rats. METHODS Sixty-four diet-induced obese rats were randomly assigned to eight groups: room temperature-sedentary, room temperature-exercise, acute cold exposure-sedentary, acute cold exposure-exercise, intermittent cold exposure-sedentary, intermittent cold exposure-exercise, sustained cold exposure-sedentary, and sustained cold exposure-exercise. After the interventions, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values, the level of serum FFA, subcutaneous fat ratio (SFR) and visceral fat ratio, enzyme activities of adipose triglyceride lipase, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in inguinal adipose tissue, and protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK in skeletal muscle were investigated. RESULTS We found that exercise ( P = 0.0136) and cold exposure ( P < 0.0001) reduced HOMA-IR values independently. Exercise reduced serum FFA ( P = 0.0041), whereas cold exposure did not affect them. Moreover, the HOMA-IR values were positively correlated with the serum FFA levels ( r = 0.32, P = 0.01). SFR or visceral fat ratio was coordinately reduced by the interaction (for SFR, P = 0.0015) or opposing main effects between or of cold exposure and exercise, supporting the reduction of serum FFA. However, cold exposure or exercise increased the activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and LPL independently or interactively (for LPL, P = 0.0143), suggesting an increase in serum FFA. Finally, cold exposure and exercise enhanced protein expression of PGC1-α and p38 MAPK independently or interactively (for p38 MAPK, P = 0.0226), suggesting increased uptake and oxidation of serum FFA in muscle. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the combination of exercise and cold exposure may result in more serum FFA utilization than production and thus lead to reduced serum FFA and increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiquan Weng
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
| | | | - Y U Yuan
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
| | - Zhenhuan Wang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, AUSTRALIA
| | | | | | - Hao Chen
- College of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, CHINA
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15
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Witham MD, Granic A, Pearson E, Robinson SM, Sayer AA. Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. Drugs Aging 2023:10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4. [PMID: 37486575 PMCID: PMC10371965 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength and mass or quality, is a common condition with major adverse consequences. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, there are common mechanisms between sarcopenia and the phenomenon of accelerated ageing seen in diabetes mellitus. Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. This review summarises shared pathophysiology between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus, including the effects of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and changes to the insulin signalling pathway. Cellular and animal models have generated intriguing, albeit mixed, evidence that supports possible beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function for some classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Most human observational and intervention evidence for the effects of these drugs has been derived from populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a need for intervention studies for older people with, and at risk of, sarcopenia to further investigate the balance of benefit and risk in these target populations. Not all diabetes treatments will be safe to use in those without diabetes because of variable side effects across classes. However, some agents [including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors] have already demonstrated benefits in populations without diabetes, and it is these agents, along with metformin, that hold out the most promise for further investigation in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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16
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Liu X, Chen X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Chen J, Chen J, Wu F, Chen GQ. 3-Hydroxybutyrate ameliorates insulin resistance by inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic mice. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:190. [PMID: 37230992 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is a small ketone body molecule produced endogenously by the body in the liver. Previous studies have shown that 3HB can reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients. However, there is no systematic study and clear mechanism to evaluate and explain the hypoglycemic effect of 3HB. Here we demonstrate that 3HB reduces fasting blood glucose level, improves glucose tolerance, and ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2). Mechanistically, 3HB increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels by activating HCAR2, thereby stimulating adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration, and then activating protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA inhibits Raf1 proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (Raf1) activity, resulting in a decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity and ultimately inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) Ser273 phosphorylation in adipocytes. Inhibition of PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by 3HB altered the expression of PPARγ regulated genes and reduced insulin resistance. Collectively, 3HB ameliorates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice through a pathway of HCAR2/Ca2+/cAMP/PKA/Raf1/ERK1/2/PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuemeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiangnan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- MOE Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Dept of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhou D, Luan X, Wang X, Zhu Z, Luo W, Yang J, Tang S, Song Y. Biodegradable Hollow Nanoscavengers Restore Liver Functions to Reverse Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9313-9325. [PMID: 37155357 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the cells' insulin resistance, and to date, insulin therapy and diabetes medications targeting glycemic management have failed to reverse the increase in T2D prevalence. Restoring liver functions to improve hepatic insulin resistance by reducing oxidative stress is a potential strategy for T2D treatment. Herein, the liver-targeted biodegradable silica nanoshells embedded with platinum nanoparticles (Pt-SiO2) are designed as reactive oxygen species (ROS) nanoscavengers and functional hollow nanocarriers. Then, 2,4-dinitrophenol-methyl ether (DNPME, mitochondrial uncoupler) is loaded inside Pt-SiO2, followed by coating a lipid bilayer (D@Pt-SiO2@L) for long-term effective ROS removal (platinum nanoparticles scavenge overproduced ROS, while DNPME inhibits ROS production) in the liver tissue of T2D models. It is found that D@Pt-SiO2@L reverses elevated oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose consumption in vitro, and significantly improves hepatic steatosis and antioxidant capacity in diabetic mice models induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Moreover, intravenous administration of D@Pt-SiO2@L indicates therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and diabetic nephropathy, which provides a promising approach for T2D treatment by reversing hepatic insulin resistance through long-term ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongtao Zhou
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiaowei Luan
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuyuan Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen Luo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaochun Tang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yujun Song
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Corsello A, Trovato CM, Di Profio E, Cardile S, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E, Diamanti A. Ketogenic Diet in Children and Adolescents: the Effects on Growth and Nutritional Status. Pharmacol Res 2023; 191:106780. [PMID: 37088260 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet is known to be a possible adjuvant treatment in several medical conditions, such as in patients with severe or drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Its use has recently been increasing among adolescents and young adults due to its supposed weight-loss effect, mediated by lipolysis and lowered insulin levels. However, there are still no precise indications on the possible use of ketogenic diets in pediatric age for weight loss. This approach has also recently been proposed for other types of disorder such as inherited metabolic disorders, Prader-Willi syndrome, and some specific types of cancers. Due to its unbalanced ratio of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, a clinical evaluation of possible side effects with a strict evaluation of growth and nutritional status is essential in all patients following a long-term restrictive diet such as the ketogenic one. The prophylactic use of micronutrients supplementation should be considered before starting any ketogenic diet. Lastly, while there is sufficient literature on possible short-term side effects of ketogenic diets, their possible long-term impact on growth and nutritional status is not yet fully understood, especially when started in pediatric age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Corsello
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Maria Trovato
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Cardile
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Li Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Fan M, Nie C, Xue L, Wang L, Qian H. Low-Carbohydrate Diet Modulates Glucose-Lipid Utilization in Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061513. [PMID: 36986243 PMCID: PMC10051166 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with many complications, including skeletal muscle atrophy. Ketogenic diets and low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) have recently been introduced as dietary interventions in patients with diabetes, but their effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle have not been studied. In the current study, we compared the effects of LCD and ketogenic diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. C57BL/6J mice with type 2 diabetes, constructed by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin, were fed a standard diet, a high-fat diet, an LCD, or a ketogenic diet for 14 weeks, respectively. Here, we found that the LCD, rather than the ketogenic diet, retained skeletal muscle weight and suppressed the expression of atrophy-related genes in diabetic mice. In addition, the LCD had more glycolytic/type IIb myofiber content and inhibited forkhead box O1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression, leading to improved glucose utilization. However, the ketogenic diet maintained more oxidative/type I myofibers. Moreover, compared with the ketogenic diet, the LCD decreased intramuscular triglycerides content and muscle lipolysis, suggesting improvement in lipid metabolism. Taken together, these data suggested that the LCD improved glucose utilization, and inhibited lipolysis and atrophy in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice, while the ketogenic diet showed metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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20
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Liao Z, Li Y, Liao L, Shi Q, Kong Y, Hu J, Cai Y. Structural characterization and anti-lipotoxicity effects of a pectin from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124111. [PMID: 36948330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is rich in various bioactive ingredients and used as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine. In the present study, to find the polysaccharide with anti-lipotoxicity effects from okra and clarify its structure, a pectin OP-1 was purified from okra, which had a backbone containing →4)-α-GalpA-(1 → residues, and 1,5-Ara linked the main chain through the O-3 of the residue →3,4)-α-GalpA-(1→, and the C-6 of residue 1, 4-α-GalpA replaced by methyl ester. In vitro experiments showed that OP-1 pretreatment alleviated oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation, ROS generation, apoptosis, transaminase leakage, and inflammatory cytokine secretion in HepG2 cells, resulting in reduced lipotoxicity. Further molecular results revealed that OP-1 increased Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and affected the expression of AMPK downstream targets, including inhibit SREBP1c and FAS, as well as activate CPT-1A. Impressively, AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (Compound C) blocked the effects of OP-1 against lipotoxicity. The effects of OP-1 on lipid metabolism were also diminished by dorsomorphin. Our results demonstrated that OP-1 possesses a potent function in preventing lipotoxicity via regulating AMPK-mediated lipid metabolism and provide a novel insight into the future utilization of okra polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaojun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi, 330006 Nanchang, People's Republic of China; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Jiangxi, 330006 Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wang Y, He L, Xu D, Yan E, Guo J, Ma C, Zhang P, Yin J. Lack of adipocyte IP3R1 reduces diet-induced obesity and greatly improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:87. [PMID: 36894534 PMCID: PMC9998023 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal function of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue ensures whole-body glucose homeostasis. Ca2+ release channel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) plays a vital role in regulating diet-induced obesity and disorders, but its functions in peripheral tissue regulating glucose homeostasis remain unexplored. In this study, mice with Ip3r1 specific knockout in skeletal muscle or adipocytes were used for investigating the mediatory role of IP3R1 on whole-body glucose homeostasis under normal or high-fat diet. We reported that IP3R1 expression levels were increased in the white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of diet-induced obese mice. Ip3r1 knockout in skeletal muscle improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of mice on a normal chow diet, but worsened insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. These changes were associated with the reduced muscle weight and compromised Akt signaling activation. Importantly, Ip3r1 deletion in adipocytes protected mice from diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance, mainly due to the enhanced lipolysis and AMPK signaling pathway in the visceral fat. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that IP3R1 in skeletal muscle and adipocytes exerts divergent effects on systemic glucose homeostasis, and characterizes adipocyte IP3R1 as a promising target for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.,Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Linjuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Enfa Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Pengguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China. .,Molecular Design Breeding Frontier Science Center of the Ministry of Education, 100193, Beijing, China.
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22
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Aedh AI, Alshahrani MS, Huneif MA, Pryme IF, Oruch R. A Glimpse into Milestones of Insulin Resistance and an Updated Review of Its Management. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040921. [PMID: 36839279 PMCID: PMC9960458 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is the main metabolic regulator of fuel molecules in the diet, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. It does so by facilitating glucose influx from the circulation into the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal myocytes. The outcome of which is subjected to glycogenesis in skeletal muscle and lipogenesis in adipose tissue, as well as in the liver. Therefore, insulin has an anabolic action while, on the contrary, hypoinsulinemia promotes the reverse process. Protein breakdown in myocytes is also encountered during the late stages of diabetes mellitus. The balance of the blood glucose level in physiological conditions is maintained by virtue of the interactive functions of insulin and glucagon. In insulin resistance (IR), the balance is disturbed because glucose transporters (GLUTs) of cell membranes fail to respond to this peptide hormone, meaning that glucose molecules cannot be internalized into the cells, the consequence of which is hyperglycemia. To develop the full state of diabetes mellitus, IR should be associated with the impairment of insulin release from beta-cells of the pancreas. Periodic screening of individuals of high risk, such as those with obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and pregnant nulliparous women in antenatal control, is vital, as these are important checkpoints to detect cases of insulin resistance. This is pivotal as IR can be reversed, provided it is detected in its early stages, through healthy dietary habits, regular exercise, and the use of hypoglycemic agents. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, preventive methods, and management of IR in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah I. Aedh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Alshahrani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Huneif
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian F. Pryme
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Najran University, Najran 66324, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-562144606
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23
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Tokita K, Shoji H, Arai Y, Awata K, Santosa I, Murano Y, Shimizu T. Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in a Novel Fetal Growth Restriction Model. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:45-54. [PMID: 36649006 PMCID: PMC9844385 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal fetal environment exerts long-term effects on skeletal muscle, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with insulin resistance in adulthood. In this study, we examined insulin resistance in early adulthood and insulin signaling in skeletal muscle using a novel FGR rat model. Ameroid constrictors (AC) were placed on the bilateral uterine and ovarian arteries of rats on day 17 of gestation; placebo surgery was performed on the control group. We measured body weight at birth, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age and performed oral glucose tolerance tests at 8 and 12 weeks. Rats were dissected at 12 weeks of age. We examined the mRNA and protein expression of insulin signaling pathway molecules in skeletal muscle. FGR rats had a significantly lower birth weight than control rats (p = 0.002). At 12 weeks of age, the incremental area under the curve of blood glucose was significantly higher, and GLUT4 mRNA and protein expression in soleus muscle was significantly lower in the FGR group than in the control group. Reduced placental blood flow in the AC-attached FGR group caused insulin resistance and altered insulin signaling in skeletal muscles. Therefore, FGR causes skeletal muscle insulin resistance in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Tokita
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3813-3111; Fax: +81-3-5800-0216
| | - Yoshiteru Arai
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kentaro Awata
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Irena Santosa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yayoi Murano
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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24
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Triglyceride-glucose index is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease and erosive reflux disease: a health checkup cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20959. [PMID: 36470993 PMCID: PMC9722682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index was proposed as a useful marker of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance, the main mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, is related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aimed to elucidate the association between the TyG index and GERD/erosive reflux disease (ERD). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent gastroduodenoscopy at a checkup center. The calculation of TyG index used following formula: ln (fasting triglycerides [mg/dL] × fasting glucose [mg/dL]/2). We divided the patients into four groups according to the TyG index quartile (Q). We evaluated the relationship between the alteration of the TyG index and GERD in patients who received health checkups two times. Among the 52,605 enrolled patients, 3073 (5.8%) and 434 (0.8%) were diagnosed with GERD and ERD, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) for GERD in the TyG index progressively increased across quartiles (P < 0.001): Q2 (OR = 2.477), Q3 (OR = 3.013), and Q4 (OR = 4.027) compared with Q1, which was used as a reference, respectively. Those for ERD also progressively increased across quartiles (P < 0.001): Q2 (OR = 4.264), Q3 (OR = 4.841), and Q4 (OR = 7.390) compared with Q1, respectively. Moreover, the degree of TyG index increase during the first and second tests in the GERD group was more prominent than in the control group (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the higher TyG index was significantly associated with GERD. The TyG index may be a novel predictive biomarker of GERD and ERD.
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25
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Zhang Y, Shen T, Wang S. Progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by overnutrition. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:591-597. [PMID: 36197636 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-022-00399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prediabetes has developed into a global pandemic, its prevalence increasing year by year. Although lifestyle changes are advocated as the basis for prediabetes treatment, some patients fail to choose or adhere to appropriate interventions. The basis for selecting an appropriate intervention is determining the stage and cause of the disease. In this review, we aimed to examine the various types and disease processes of prediabetes caused by overnutrition, the present review supporting the hypothesis that overnutrition-induced hyperinsulinemia precedes insulin resistance (IR) and independently causes β-cell dysfunction. Tissue insulin resistance is the main feature of prediabetes with the crosstalk between tissues promoting the formation of systemic insulin resistance. Finally, both β-cell dysfunction induced by hyperinsulinemia or IR and reduced β-cell mass can lead to abnormal insulin secretion and contribute to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hence, overnutrition can cause multiple prediabetes phenotypes resulting in development of T2DM through different trajectories. Future diagnosis and treatment should therefore more carefully consider the disease phenotype and stage of development in patients with prediabetes to reduce the incidence of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tuming Shen
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, No.55, West of Zhongshan Ave., Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
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26
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Ding L, Fan Y, Qiao J, He J, Wang R, He Q, Cui J, Ma Z, Zheng F, Gao H, Dai C, Wei H, Li J, Cao Y, Hu G, Liu M. Distribution of lean mass and mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Prim Care Diabetes 2022; 16:824-828. [PMID: 36272915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of distribution of lean mass with the risk of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The present cohort study included 2 335 patients with type 2 diabetes. Lean mass was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the association of lean mass distribution on the risk of mortality. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 58 years at baseline and 51.4% of patients were women. During a median follow-up of 4.31 years, 128 patients died. The multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.00, 1.63 (0.89-2.99), and 2.68(1.51-4.76) across the tertiles of android-to-gynoid lean mass ratio (P for trend < 0.001), respectively. The positive association of android-to-gynoid lean mass ratio with the risk of all-cause mortality was present among patients of different ages, body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m2, hemoglobin A1c ≥ 7.0%, nonsmokers, men, patients using insulin, and patients with diabetes durations of more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Higher android-to-gynoid lean mass ratio, assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China; Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Jingting Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruodan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqiu Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongshu Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangqiu Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenlin Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
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Investigating the Effectiveness of Very Low-Calorie Diets and Low-Fat Vegan Diets on Weight and Glycemic Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224870. [PMID: 36432557 PMCID: PMC9695880 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction and vegan diets have demonstrated protective effects for diabetes, however their role in improving clinically relevant outcomes has not been summarized. Our aim was to evaluate the evidence for low-calorie diets (VLCD) and vegan diets on weight and glycemic control in the management of patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Database searches were conducted using Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42022310299. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using Cochrane RoB Tool for RCTs, Cochrane ROBINS-I RoB Tool for non-RCTs and NIH Quality Assessment tool for other studies. Sixteen studies with a total of 834 individuals were included and assessed to have a moderate to high risk of bias. Statistically significant changes in weight, BMI, and HbA1c were not observed in vegan diet cohorts. However, LDL cholesterol was significantly decreased by vegan diet. VLCDs significantly improved glycaemic control, with reductions in fasting glucose, pooled mean difference (MD) -1.51 mmol/L (95% CI -2.89, -0.13; p = 0.03; 2 studies) and HbA1c, pooled MD -0.66% (95% CI -1.28, -0.03; p = 0.04; 3 studies) compared to non-dietary therapy. Both diets suggested a trend towards improved weight loss and anthropometric markers vs. control. VLCD diet intervention is associated with improvement in glycaemia control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
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Statins Induce Locomotion and Muscular Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster That Are Reminiscent of Human Myopathy: Evidence for the Role of the Chloride Channel Inhibition in the Muscular Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223528. [PMID: 36428957 PMCID: PMC9688544 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms for statin-induced myopathy (SIM) are still equivocal. In this study, we employ Drosophila melanogaster to dissect possible underlying mechanisms for SIM. We observe that chronic fluvastatin treatment causes reduced general locomotion activity and climbing ability. In addition, transmission microscopy of dissected skeletal muscles of fluvastatin-treated flies reveals strong myofibrillar damage, including increased sarcomere lengths and Z-line streaming, which are reminiscent of myopathy, along with fragmented mitochondria of larger sizes, most of which are round-like shapes. Furthermore, chronic fluvastatin treatment is associated with impaired lipid metabolism and insulin signalling. Mechanistically, knockdown of the statin-target Hmgcr in the skeletal muscles recapitulates fluvastatin-induced mitochondrial phenotypes and lowered general locomotion activity; however, it was not sufficient to alter sarcomere length or elicit myofibrillar damage compared to controls or fluvastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that fluvastatin treatment was associated with reduced expression of the skeletal muscle chloride channel, ClC-a (Drosophila homolog of CLCN1), while selective knockdown of skeletal muscle ClC-a also recapitulated fluvastatin-induced myofibril damage and increased sarcomere lengths. Surprisingly, exercising fluvastatin-treated flies restored ClC-a expression and normalized sarcomere lengths, suggesting that fluvastatin-induced myofibrillar phenotypes could be linked to lowered ClC-a expression. Taken together, these results may indicate the potential role of ClC-a inhibition in statin-associated muscular phenotypes. This study underlines the importance of Drosophila melanogaster as a powerful model system for elucidating the locomotion and muscular phenotypes, promoting a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying SIM.
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Zhong J, Cheung CYY, Su X, Lee CH, Ru Y, Fong CHY, Liu Y, Cheung CKY, Lam KSL, Cai Z, Xu A. Specific triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and lyso-phosphatidylcholine species for the prediction of type 2 diabetes: a ~ 16-year prospective study in Chinese. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:234. [PMCID: PMC9637304 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bioactive lipids play an important role in insulin secretion and sensitivity, contributing to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to identify novel lipid species associated with incident T2D in a nested case–control study within a long-term prospective Chinese community-based cohort with a median follow-up of ~ 16 years. Methods Plasma samples from 196 incident T2D cases and 196 age- and sex-matched non-T2D controls recruited from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (CRISPS) were first analyzed using untargeted lipidomics. Potential predictive lipid species selected by the Boruta analysis were then verified by targeted lipidomics. The associations between these lipid species and incident T2D were assessed. Effects of novel lipid species on insulin secretion in mouse islets were investigated. Results Boruta analysis identified 16 potential lipid species. After adjustment for body mass index (BMI), triacylglycerol/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) ratio and the presence of prediabetes, triacylglycerol (TG) 12:0_18:2_22:6, TG 16:0_11:1_18:2, TG 49:0, TG 51:1 and diacylglycerol (DG) 18:2_22:6 were independently associated with increased T2D risk, whereas lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) O-16:0, LPC P-16:0, LPC O-18:0 and LPC 18:1 were independently associated with decreased T2D risk. Addition of the identified lipid species to the clinical prediction model, comprised of BMI, TG/HDL ratio and the presence of prediabetes, achieved a 3.8% improvement in the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) (p = 0.0026). Further functional study revealed that, LPC O-16:0 and LPC O-18:0 significantly potentiated glucose induced insulin secretion (GSIS) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas neither DG 18:2_22:6 nor TG 12:0_18:2_22:6 had any effect on GSIS. Conclusions Addition of the lipid species substantially improved the prediction of T2D beyond the model based on clinical risk factors. Decreased levels of LPC O-16:0 and LPC O-18:0 may contribute to the development of T2D via reduced insulin secretion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01677-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chloe Y. Y. Cheung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuli Su
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Ru
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol H. Y. Fong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia K. Y. Cheung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S. L. Lam
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kang CW, Park M, Lee HJ. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaf Extract and 1-Deoxynojirimycin Improve Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance via the Activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt Pathway in db/db Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101630. [PMID: 36295064 PMCID: PMC9604886 DOI: 10.3390/life12101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves have been used to lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes. We evaluated the effects of mulberry leaves extract (MLE) and 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) in improving insulin resistance through the activation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. Histological analysis revealed an amelioration of muscle deformation and increased muscle fiber size. MLE and 1-DNJ positively raised the protein expression of related glucose uptake and increased the translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) to the membrane. Furthermore, MLE and 1-DNJ activated the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the skeletal muscle and, subsequently, modulated the protein levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) and glycogen synthase (GS), leading to elevated muscle glycogen content. These findings suggest that MLE and 1-DNJ supplementation improves insulin resistance by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae-Won Kang
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Miey Park
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-4409 (M.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (H.-J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-4409 (M.P.); +82-31-750-5968 (H.-J.L.); Fax: +82-31-724-4411 (H.-J.L.)
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31
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de Souza MLM, Borçoi AR, Dutra BAB, Dos Santos Vieira T, Mendes SO, Nascimento IAA, Quaioto BR, Olinda AS, Cunha ER, Freitas FV, Pinheiro JA, Dos Santos JG, Sorroche BP, Arantes LMRB, Sartório CL, da Silva AMA. Lifestyle and NR3C1 exon 1F gene methylation is associated with changes in glucose levels and insulin resistance. Life Sci 2022; 309:120940. [PMID: 36108769 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS the present study aimed to investigate how glucose and insulin levels may be associated with changes in NR3C1 gene methylation levels in adults. MAIN METHODS 375 volunteers users of the Brazilian Public Unified Health System (SUS) were recruited to assess socioeconomic status, lifestyle, anthropometric data, blood glucose and serum cortisol levels, insulin resistance, and NR3C1 gene methylation assessment. Factors associated with glucose levels and insulin resistance were investigated using multivariate analysis GLzM at 5 % significance (p < 0.05). KEY FINDINGS our results verified that glucose levels and insulin resistance were directly related to NR3C1 gene methylation and age, while not being overweight and obese and no tobacco consumption were indirectly related to glucose levels and insulin resistance. SIGNIFICANCE habits and lifestyle may influence NR3C1 gene regulation, revealing the complexity of environmental impacts on NR3C1 methylation. Furthermore, associated risk factors must be taken into account in epigenetic studies as they directly interfere with blood glucose levels and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Ribeiro Borçoi
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Tamires Dos Santos Vieira
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Risse Quaioto
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Amanda Sgrancio Olinda
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Ester Ribeiro Cunha
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Flávia Vitorino Freitas
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Julia Assis Pinheiro
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Pereira Sorroche
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carmem Luíza Sartório
- Biotechnology/Renorbio Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Abstract
The traditional complications of diabetes mellitus are well known and continue to pose a considerable burden on millions of people living with diabetes mellitus. However, advances in the management of diabetes mellitus and, consequently, longer life expectancies, have resulted in the emergence of evidence of the existence of a different set of lesser-acknowledged diabetes mellitus complications. With declining mortality from vascular disease, which once accounted for more than 50% of deaths amongst people with diabetes mellitus, cancer and dementia now comprise the leading causes of death in people with diabetes mellitus in some countries or regions. Additionally, studies have demonstrated notable links between diabetes mellitus and a broad range of comorbidities, including cognitive decline, functional disability, affective disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea and liver disease, and have refined our understanding of the association between diabetes mellitus and infection. However, no published review currently synthesizes this evidence to provide an in-depth discussion of the burden and risks of these emerging complications. This Review summarizes information from systematic reviews and major cohort studies regarding emerging complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus to identify and quantify associations, highlight gaps and discrepancies in the evidence, and consider implications for the future management of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Tomic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianna J Magliano
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Termannsen AD, Clemmensen KKB, Thomsen JM, Nørgaard O, Díaz LJ, Torekov SS, Quist JS, Faerch K. Effects of vegan diets on cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13462. [PMID: 35672940 PMCID: PMC9540559 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In parallel with an increased focus on climate changes and carbon footprint, the interest in plant-based diets and its potential health effects have increased over the past decade. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effect of vegan diets (≥12 weeks) on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with overweight or type 2 diabetes. We identified 11 trials (796 participants). In comparison with control diets, vegan diets reduced body weight (-4.1 kg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -5.9 to -2.4, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (-1.38 kg/m2 , 95% CI -1.96 to -0.80, p < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) (-0.18% points, 95% CI -0.29 to -0.07, p = 0.002), total cholesterol (-0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.08, p = 0.007), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.24 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.40 to -0.07, p = 0.005). We identified no effect on blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We found that adhering to vegan diets for at least 12 weeks may be effective in individuals with overweight or type 2 diabetes to induce a meaningful decrease in body weight and improve glycemia. Some of this effect may be contributed to differences in the macronutrient composition and energy intake in the vegan versus control diets. Therefore, more research is needed regarding vegan diets and cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Ditte Termannsen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | | | - Jonas Mark Thomsen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev
| | - Ole Nørgaard
- Department of Education, Danish Diabetes Knowledge Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lars Jorge Díaz
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev
| | | | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev
| | - Kristine Faerch
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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34
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Collins KH, Gui C, Ely EV, Lenz KL, Harris CA, Guilak F, Meyer GA. Leptin mediates the regulation of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue. J Physiol 2022; 600:3795-3817. [PMID: 35844058 PMCID: PMC9378542 DOI: 10.1113/jp283034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes numerous cytokines (termed 'adipokines') that have known or hypothesized actions on skeletal muscle. The majority of adipokines have been implicated in the pathological link between excess adipose and muscle insulin resistance, but approximately half also have documented in vitro effects on myogenesis and/or hypertrophy. This complexity suggests a potential dual role for adipokines in the regulation of muscle mass in homeostasis and the development of pathology. In this study, we used lipodystrophic 'fat-free' mice to demonstrate that adipose tissue is indeed necessary for the development of normal muscle mass and strength. Fat-free mice had significantly reduced mass (∼15%) and peak contractile tension (∼20%) of fast-twitch muscles, a slowing of contractile dynamics and decreased cross-sectional area of fast twitch fibres compared to wild-type littermates. These deficits in mass and contractile tension were fully rescued by reconstitution of ∼10% of normal adipose mass, indicating that this phenotype is the direct consequence of absent adipose. We then showed that the rescue is solely mediated by the adipokine leptin, as similar reconstitution of adipose from leptin-knockout mice fails to rescue mass or strength. Together, these data indicate that the development of muscle mass and strength in wild-type mice is dependent on adipose-secreted leptin. This finding extends our current understanding of the multiple roles of adipokines in physiology as well as disease pathophysiology to include a critical role for the adipokine leptin in muscle homeostasis. KEY POINTS: Adipose-derived cytokines (adipokines) have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity but likely have other under-appreciated roles in muscle physiology. Here we use a fat-free mouse to show that adipose tissue is necessary for the normal development of muscle mass and strength. Through add-back of genetically modified adipose tissue we show that leptin is the key adipokine mediating this regulation. This expands our understanding of leptin's role in adipose-muscle signalling to include development and homeostasis and adds the surprising finding that leptin is the sole mediator of the maintenance of muscle mass and strength by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Chang Gui
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Program in Physical TherapyWashington UniversitySt LouisMOUSA
| | - Erica V. Ely
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Kristin L. Lenz
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Charles A. Harris
- Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism & Lipid ResearchWashington UniversitySt LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenSt LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Gretchen A. Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Center of Regenerative MedicineWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringWashington University in St. LouisMOUSA,Program in Physical TherapyWashington UniversitySt LouisMOUSA,Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt LouisMOUSA
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35
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Fu S, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Yang Y, Chen H, Yuan L, Li Z, Chen Q. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Hydroxyl Safflower Yellow a in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:929169. [PMID: 36034830 PMCID: PMC9404325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.929169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic progressive disorder which is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As an important pathogenesis of DKD, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inflammatory response have been considered central mediators in the progression of DKD. Herbal products are increasingly being applied as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Of those, the effect of hydroxyl safflower yellow A (HSYA) on oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions has gradually been investigated for DKD treatment, which may provide therapies for DKD with new insights and promote its application in clinical practice. Methods: We searched CNKI, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Wanfang Database, PubMed, and Embase from the establishment date of the database to 22 April 2022. The included literature in our study was randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using HSYA to treat DKD. We performed a meta-analysis by calculating the standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The inverse-variance method with a random effect was used in our meta-analysis using Stata software and RevMan software. Results: A total of 31 articles with 31 groups containing a total of 2487 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed a statistical improvement in the following measurements: fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin excretion rates (UAER), serum creatinine (SCR), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), fasting insulin (FINS), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Conclusion: HSYA can effectively treat DKD by inhibiting inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, decreasing blood glucose and blood lipids, and improving renal function indices. However, more RCTs are still needed in the future to further demonstrate the effect of HSYA on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in patients with DKD due to the low quality and small sample size of the literature included in this study. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD 42021235689
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36
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Yu J, Loh K, Yang HQ, Du MR, Wu YX, Liao ZY, Guo A, Yang YF, Chen B, Zhao YX, Chen JL, Zhou J, Sun Y, Xiao Q. The Whole-transcriptome Landscape of Diabetes-related Sarcopenia Reveals the Specific Function of Novel lncRNA Gm20743. Commun Biol 2022; 5:774. [PMID: 35915136 PMCID: PMC9343400 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While the exact mechanism remains unclear, type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of sarcopenia which is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and function. Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing and informatics were performed on the diabetes-induced sarcopenia model of db/db mice. To determine the specific function of lncRNA Gm20743, the detection of Mito-Sox, reactive oxygen species, Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, and myosin heavy chain was performed in overexpressed and knockdown-Gm20743 C2C12 cells. RNA-seq data and informatics revealed the key lncRNA-mRNA interactions and indicated a potential regulatory role of lncRNAs. We characterized three core candidate lncRNAs Gm20743, Gm35438, 1700047G03Rik, and their potential function. Furthermore, the results suggested lncRNA Gm20743 may be involved in regulating mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, and myotube differentiation in skeletal muscle cells. These findings significantly improve our understanding of lncRNAs that may mediate muscle mass, strength, and function in diabetes and represent potential therapeutic targets for diabetes-induced sarcopenia. The role of lncRNA Gm20743 in the development of diabetic sarcopenia is explored using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kim Loh
- Diabetes & Metabolic Disease Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - He-Qin Yang
- Health Outcome Research and Policy, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Meng-Ran Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Xin Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Yin Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-Fei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Liang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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37
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Lyu Q, Wen Y, He B, Zhang X, Chen J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xu L, Xiao Q, Deng H. The ameliorating effects of metformin on disarrangement ongoing in gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic and obese sarcopenic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166508. [PMID: 35905940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and obese sarcopenia are increasingly prevalent chronic diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis, and no approved therapeutic drug to date. In the established sarcopenic mice models, muscle weakness, ectopic lipid deposition, and inflammatory responses in both serum and gastrocnemius muscle were observed, which were even deteriorated in obese sarcopenic models. With metformin intervention for 5 months, metformin exhibited benefits and restoring effects on gastrocnemius muscle of sarcopenic mice, but less effective on that of obese sarcopenic mice, as reflected in the increased percentage of muscle mass and enlarged fiber cross-sectional area, enhanced grip strength and exercise capacities, as well as the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition and partially restored level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-1α, which may be via the activation of phospho-AMPKα (Thr172). The significant up-regulated mRNA and protein level of lipolysis related proteins like hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) may contribute to the ameliorated ectopic lipid deposition with metformin intervention. The uptake of free fatty acid may be also inhibited in obese sarcopenic mice with metformin administration, as reflected in down-regulated mRNA and protein level of fatty acid transporter CD36. Furthermore, NF-κB signaling pathway was involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of metformin. These findings suggest that metformin treatment may be conducive to the prevention of age-related sarcopenia by regulating lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, i.e. enhanced lipolysis and attenuated hyper-inflammatory responses, which may be AMPK-dependent processes. Moreover, high-fat diet would aggravate the damage to ageing in skeletal muscles and reduced their reactivity to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lyu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Bioclinicum, J8:30, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingjie Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huisheng Deng
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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Yu F, Fan Y, Sun H, Li T, Dong Y, Pan S. Intermuscular adipose tissue in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Non-invasive quantitative imaging and clinical implications. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 187:109881. [PMID: 35483545 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is an ectopic fat depot found beneath the fascia and within the muscles. IMAT modulates muscle insulin sensitivity and triggers local and systemic chronic low-grade inflammation by producing cytokines and chemokines, which underlie the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Imaging techniques have been increasingly used to non-invasively quantify IMAT in patients with diabetes in research and healthcare settings. In this study, we systematically reviewed the cell of origin and definition of IMAT, and the use of quantitative and functional imaging technology pertinent to the etiology, risk factors, lifestyle modification, and therapeutic treatment of diabetes. The purpose of this article is to provide important insight into the current understanding of IMAT and future prospects of targeting IMAT for T2DM control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyao Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shinong Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Sánchez-Duarte S, Montoya-Pérez R, Márquez-Gamiño S, Vera-Delgado KS, Caudillo-Cisneros C, Sotelo-Barroso F, Sánchez-Briones LA, Sánchez-Duarte E. Apocynin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Mitigating ROS Generation and Boosting Antioxidant Defenses in Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Muscles. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050674. [PMID: 35629342 PMCID: PMC9146446 DOI: 10.3390/life12050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle is negatively affected, as is evident by reduced contractile force production, increased muscle fatigability, and increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Apocynin is a widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitor, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. It has been effective for amelioration of a variety of disorders, including diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects and action mechanisms of apocynin in slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by applying intraperitoneally a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was administered over 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin tolerance and body weight gain were measured. Both slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) skeletal muscles were used for muscle function evaluation, oxidative stress markers, and evaluating gene expression using qRT-PCR. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance. Apocynin also prevented muscle contractile dysfunction in EDL muscle but had no significant effect on this parameter in soleus muscles. However, in both types of muscles, apocynin mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing total glutathione levels and redox state. Concomitantly, apocynin also statistically enhanced Nrf-2 and GLU4 mRNA expression and downregulated NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB mRNA. Collectively, apocynin exhibits properties myoprotective in diabetic animals. These findings indicate that apocynin predominantly acts as an antioxidant in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles but has differential impact on contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez-Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Karla S. Vera-Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Cipriana Caudillo-Cisneros
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Fernando Sotelo-Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Briones
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1477-2670-4900 (ext. 4833)
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Maciel JIHN, Zazula MF, Rodrigues DFS, De Toni Boaro C, Boaretto ML, de Andrade BZ, Schneider SCS, Naliwaiko K, Torrejais MM, Costa RM, de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro L, Bertolini GRF. Whole-Body Vibration Promotes Skeletal Muscle Restructuring and Reduced Obesogenic Effect of MSG in Wistar Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3594-3608. [PMID: 35460454 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The negative changes of obesity to the locomotor system are a major concern in the current scenario, where obesity and metabolic syndrome are recurrent in Western societies. A physical exercise is an important tool as a way to rehabilitate obesity, highlighting whole-body vibration, as it is an easy-access modality with few restrictions. In this sense, we sought to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration on the extensor digitorum longus muscle on a monosodium glutamate-induced obesity model. The main findings of the present study are related to the ability of the treatment with vibration to reduce the obesogenic characteristics and slow down the dyslipidemic condition of the animals. Likewise, the vibration promoted by the vibrating platform was essential in the recovery of the muscle structure, as well as the recovery of the muscle's oxidative capacity, initially compromised by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhyslayne Ignácia Hoff Nunes Maciel
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Matheus Felipe Zazula
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mariana Laís Boaretto
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | | | - Sara Cristina Sagae Schneider
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Katya Naliwaiko
- Laboratório de Plasticidade Morfofuncional, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Rose Meire Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Unioeste, Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil
| | | | - Gladson Ricardo Flor Bertolini
- Laboratório de Estudo das Lesões e Recursos Fisioterapêuticos, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste), Universitária St, 2069, Zip code: 85819110 , Paraná, Cascavel, Brasil.
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Ravichandran J, Roust LR, Katsanos CS. Increased Expression of Syncytin-1 in Skeletal Muscle of Humans With Increased Body Mass Index. Front Physiol 2022; 13:858341. [PMID: 35444566 PMCID: PMC9013906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.858341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity negatively impacts skeletal muscle protein metabolism, and also impairs skeletal muscle maintenance and regeneration. We analyzed muscle biopsy samples from humans with increased body mass index (BMI) (i.e. > 30 kg/m2) and controls (i.e., BMI < 25 kg/m2) for expression of syncytin-1, a fusogenic protein regulating skeletal muscle regeneration. When compared to controls, humans with increased BMI and concomitant reduction in muscle protein synthesis had higher expression of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle (p < 0.05). Across human subjects, muscle protein synthesis correlated inversely (r = −0.51; p = 0.03) with syncytin-1 expression in muscle. Using a C2C12 cell line we found that expression of syncytin-A (i.e, corresponding protein in murine tissue) is increased by insulin, and that this response is impaired in the presence of fatty acids, whose metabolism is altered within the metabolic environment induced by increased BMI. In C2C12 cells, the response of the protein 4E-BP1, which signals increase in protein synthesis in muscle, resembled that of syncytin-A. These findings provide novel insights into the expression of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle of humans with increased BMI, as well as its basic regulation by insulin and fatty acids in muscle. The findings signify the need for further research into the regulation of syncytin-1 in skeletal muscle of humans with increased BMI, as well as its biological implications for altering muscle protein metabolism and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori R. Roust
- College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Christos S. Katsanos
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Christos S. Katsanos,
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Lee SR, Jo SL, Heo JH, Kim TW, Lee KP, Hong EJ. The aqueous fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell extract reduces obesity and intramuscular lipid accumulation via induction of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation in muscle. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153974. [PMID: 35144137 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle is responsible for free fatty acid (FFA) disposal via mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Obesity triggers high levels of circulating FFAs, which can cause intramuscular lipid (IMCL) deposition. Diverse phytochemicals, including crude Castanea crenata inner shell extract (CCE), have been shown to possess an anti-obesity effect. PURPOSE We aimed to demonstrate whether the aqueous fraction of CCE (ACCE) provides an anti-obesity effect with a decrease in plasma FFAs and reduces IMCL. METHODS High-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice received ACCE via water intake. A204 cells incubated with fatty acids were treated with ACCE. Lipid accumulation and mitochondrial metabolism were assessed using histological and molecular techniques. RESULTS ACCE possessed a notably higher gallic acid content than CCE among the constituents. ACCE-administered mice exhibited reduced plasma FFA levels, adiposity, and IMCL. Muscle lipotoxicity was suppressed, including apoptosis, ER stress, and inflammation. The anti-lipid effect of ACCE was observed with the induction of mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation in muscle. CONCLUSIONS ACCE increases mitochondrial respiration and FAO in skeletal muscle and protects muscle from IMCL and lipotoxicity, reducing plasma FFA and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang R Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Lae Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun H Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyu-Pil Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Yazdanimoghaddam F, Ghasemi M, Teamparvar H, Soltani N, Aghaei M, Rezazadeh H, Zadhoush F. Long-term GABA administration improves FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in the skeletal muscle and serum irisin levels in chronic type 2 diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:417-428. [PMID: 35106626 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the anti-diabetic effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and insulin can be mediated through the regulation of gene expression related to irisin production and mitochondrial biogenesis in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rats. Four groups (n = 6) were used in this study: control, T2DM, T2DM + insulin, and T2DM + GABA groups. After T2DM induction for 3 months (high-fat diet + 35 mg/kg streptozotocin) and treatment with GABA or insulin for 3 months, circulating levels of FBG, triglyceride, LDL, Ox-LDL, and insulin as well as hepatic and serum irisin levels were measured. The mRNA expressions of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) were also evaluated in the skeletal muscle of all groups. GABA therapy improved the FBG and insulin levels in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment significantly reduced FBG and failed to maintain glucose close to the control level. Insulin or GABA therapy significantly decreased the levels of LDL, Ox-LDL, and HOMA-IR index. Circulating irisin levels were markedly decreased in insulin-treated group, while irisin levels did not show significant changes in GABA-treated group compared with control group. GABA or insulin therapy increased mRNA expressions of TFAM and UCP3 in diabetic rats. GABA therapy also led to a significant increase in FNDC5 mRNA. Our findings suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of GABA may be mediated, in part, by a decrease in Ox-LDL levels and an increase in the levels of irisin as well as FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 gene expression in T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdanimoghaddam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanif Teamparvar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezazadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Zadhoush
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Ma S, Shyh-Chang N. The Metabaging Cycle. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13197. [PMID: 35106869 PMCID: PMC8891548 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
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Beneficial effects of MgSO 4 on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2795-2803. [PMID: 35064400 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
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Daily JW, Park S. Sarcopenia Is a Cause and Consequence of Metabolic Dysregulation in Aging Humans: Effects of Gut Dysbiosis, Glucose Dysregulation, Diet and Lifestyle. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030338. [PMID: 35159148 PMCID: PMC8834403 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass plays a critical role in a healthy lifespan by helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As seen in sarcopenia, decreased skeletal muscle mass impairs glucose homeostasis, but it may also be caused by glucose dysregulation. Gut microbiota modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and various metabolites that affect the host metabolism, including skeletal muscle tissues, and may have a role in the sarcopenia etiology. Here, we aimed to review the relationship between skeletal muscle mass, glucose homeostasis, and gut microbiota, and the effect of consuming probiotics and prebiotics on the development and pathological consequences of sarcopenia in the aging human population. This review includes discussions about the effects of glucose metabolism and gut microbiota on skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia and the interaction of dietary intake, physical activity, and gut microbiome to influence sarcopenia through modulating the gut–muscle axis. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiome can regulate both skeletal muscle mass and function, in part through modulating the metabolisms of short-chain fatty acids and branch-chain amino acids that might act directly on muscle in humans or indirectly through the brain and liver. Dietary factors such as fats, proteins, and indigestible carbohydrates and lifestyle interventions such as exercise, smoking, and alcohol intake can both help and hinder the putative gut–muscle axis. The evidence presented in this review suggests that loss of muscle mass and function are not an inevitable consequence of the aging process, and that dietary and lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Daily
- Department of R & D, Daily Manufacturing Inc., Rockwell, 28138 NC, USA;
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
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Bilski J, Pierzchalski P, Szczepanik M, Bonior J, Zoladz JA. Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010160. [PMID: 35011721 PMCID: PMC8750433 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health. Because of the complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements and challenges in identifying and diagnosing SO. Recently, it has become clear that dysbiosis may play a role in the onset and progression of sarcopenia and SO. Skeletal muscle secretes myokines during contraction, which play an important role in controlling muscle growth, function, and metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause and aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO. The only ways to prevent and slow the progression of sarcopenia, particularly sarcopenic obesity, are physical activity and correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely prevent sarcopenia and age-related loss in muscular function, it can certainly delay development and slow down the rate of sarcopenia. The purpose of this review was to discuss potential pathways to muscle deterioration in obese individuals. We also want to present the current understanding of the role of various factors, including microbiota and myokines, in the process of sarcopenia and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-421-93-51
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerzy A. Zoladz
- Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
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48
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Association between triglyceride-glucose index and gastric carcinogenesis: a health checkup cohort study. Gastric Cancer 2022; 25:33-41. [PMID: 34355281 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and gastric carcinogenesis, including precancerous conditions such as dysplasia, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia. METHODS Patients who received an upper endoscopic assessment at a medical center were included. The enrolled patients were divided into four categories according to their TyG index quartile (Q). To evaluate the relationship between increase of TyG index and gastric cancer, we analyzed the patients who received a health checkup twice. Moreover, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was used to establish cut-off value of the TyG index for gastric cancer. RESULTS Of 127,564 enrolled patients, 43,525 (34.1%) and 186 (0.1%) were diagnosed with precancerous conditions and gastric cancer, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) of precancerous conditions given TyG index progressively increased across quartiles: using Q1 as the reference: Q2 (OR = 1.403, P < 0.001), Q3 (OR = 1.646, P < 0.001), and Q4 (OR = 1.656, P < 0.001). The ORs of gastric cancer also increased according to the quartiles: Q2 (OR = 1.619, P = 0.045), Q3 (OR = 2.180, P = 0.004), and Q4 (OR = 2.363, P = 0.001). Moreover, the increase in TyG index between baseline and follow-up tests was more significant in gastric cancer group than in control group (P = 0.001). The optimal cut-off value for predicting gastric cancer was 9.73. CONCLUSIONS The TyG index may be a novel predictive biomarker for gastric carcinogenesis. Notably, increase in the TyG index is significantly associated with gastric cancer.
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Saliu TP, Kumrungsee T, Miyata K, Tominaga H, Yazawa N, Hashimoto K, Kamesawa M, Yanaka N. Comparative study on molecular mechanism of diabetic myopathy in two different types of streptozotocin-induced diabetic models. Life Sci 2022; 288:120183. [PMID: 34848193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models have been widely used to study diabetic myopathy; however, non-specific cytotoxic effects of high-dose STZ have been discussed. The purpose of this study was to compare diabetic myopathy in a high-STZ model with another well-established STZ model with reduced cytotoxicity (high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose STZ) and to identify mechanistic insights underlying diabetic myopathy in STZ models that can mimic perturbations observed in human patients with diabetic myopathy. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL6 mice were injected with a single high dose of STZ (180 mg/kg, High-STZ) or were given HFD plus low-dose STZ injection (STZ, 55 mg/kg/day, five consecutive days, HFD/STZ). We characterized diabetic myopathy by histological and immunochemical analyses and conducted gene expression analysis. KEY FINDINGS The high-STZ model showed a significant reduction in tibialis anterior myofiber size along with decreased satellite cell content and downregulation of inflammation response and collagen gene expression. Interestingly, blood corticosteroid levels were significantly increased in the high-STZ model, which was possibly related to lowered inflammation response-related gene expression. Further analyses using the HFD/STZ model showed downregulation of gene expression related to mitochondrial functions accompanied by a significant decrease in ATP levels in the muscles. SIGNIFICANCE The high-STZ model is suitable for studies regarding not only severe diabetic myopathy with excessive blood glucose but also negative impact of glucocorticoids on skeletal muscles. In contrast, the HFD/STZ model is characterized by higher immune responses and lower ATP production, which also reflects the pathologies observed in human diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Peter Saliu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Kenshu Miyata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tominaga
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Nao Yazawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Mion Kamesawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Park S, Kim SH, Shin JY. Combined association of skeletal muscle mass and grip strength with cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes 2021; 13:1015-1024. [PMID: 34288415 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and grip strength (GS) have been suggested to be related to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but their association with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the combined association of ASM and GS with the prevalence of CVD in patients with T2D. METHODS A total of 1230 patients with T2D were recruited and divided into four groups based on the sex-specific median values of ASM adjusted for body mass index (ASM/BMI; short: SM) and GS: high SM/high GS (HSM/HGS), high SM/low GS (HSM/LGS), low SM/high GS (LSM/HGS), and low SM/low GS (LSM/LGS). RESULTS The LSM/LGS group was older and had higher values of systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, waist circumference, and C-reactive protein but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than the HSM/HGS group. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the LSM/LGS group were 2.90 (1.89-4.47), 2.39 (1.46-3.92), 1.77 (0.84-3.71), and 5.83 (1.58-21.48), respectively. After adjusting for variable confounders among patients with higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (≥7.1%), the ORs and 95% CIs for CVD and CHD in the LSM/LGS group were 7.27 (3.37-15.67) and 6.17 (2.65-14.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of low SM and GS was strongly associated with CVD, CHD, and PAD in patients with T2D, especially in those with higher HbA1c levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Yel Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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