1
|
Zhu M, Tang Y, Xie Y, He B, Ding G, Zhou X. Research progress on differentiation and regulation of plant chromoplasts. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:810. [PMID: 39001942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids, natural tetraterpenoids found abundantly in plants, contribute to the diverse colors of plant non-photosynthetic tissues and provide fragrance through their cleavage products, which also play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Understanding the synthesis, degradation, and storage pathways of carotenoids and identifying regulatory factors represents a significant strategy for enhancing plant quality. Chromoplasts serve as the primary plastids responsible for carotenoid accumulation, and their differentiation is linked to the levels of carotenoids, rendering them a subject of substantial research interest. The differentiation of chromoplasts involves alterations in plastid structure and protein import machinery. Additionally, this process is influenced by factors such as the ORANGE (OR) gene, Clp proteases, xanthophyll esterification, and environmental factors. This review shows the relationship between chromoplast and carotenoid accumulation by presenting recent advances in chromoplast structure, the differentiation process, and key regulatory factors, which can also provide a reference for rational exploitation of chromoplasts to enhance plant quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunxia Tang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yiqing Xie
- Institute of Economic Forestry, Fujian Academy of Forestry, Fuzhou, 350012, China
| | - BingBing He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Guochang Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Xingwen Zhou
- College of Architecture and Planning, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadre R. Plant synthetic biology for human health: advances in producing medicines in heterologous expression systems. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103142. [PMID: 38735192 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant synthetic biology has the capability to provide solutions to global challenges in the production and supply of medicines. Recent advances in 'omics' technologies have accelerated gene discoveries in medicinal plant research so that even multistep biosynthetic pathways for bioactive plant natural products with high structural complexity can be reconstituted in heterologous plant expression systems more rapidly. This review provides an overview of concept and strategies used to produce high-value plant natural products in heterologous plant systems and highlights recent successes in engineering the biosynthesis of conventional and new medicines in alternative plant hosts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radin Sadre
- Pelotonia Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, the Ohio State University, 2255 Kenny Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rao S, Cao H, O'Hanna FJ, Zhou X, Lui A, Wrightstone E, Fish T, Yang Y, Thannhauser T, Cheng L, Dudareva N, Li L. Nudix hydrolase 23 post-translationally regulates carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1868-1891. [PMID: 38299382 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection. Plants must evolve multifaceted regulatory mechanisms to control carotenoid biosynthesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms and the regulators conserved among plant species remain elusive. Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the highly regulated step of carotenogenesis and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) acts as a hub to interact with GGPP-utilizing enzymes for the synthesis of specific downstream isoprenoids. Here, we report a function of Nudix hydrolase 23 (NUDX23), a Nudix domain-containing protein, in post-translational regulation of PSY and GGPPS for carotenoid biosynthesis. NUDX23 expresses highly in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Overexpression of NUDX23 significantly increases PSY and GGPPS protein levels and carotenoid production, whereas knockout of NUDX23 dramatically reduces their abundances and carotenoid accumulation in Arabidopsis. NUDX23 regulates carotenoid biosynthesis via direct interactions with PSY and GGPPS in chloroplasts, which enhances PSY and GGPPS protein stability in a large PSY-GGPPS enzyme complex. NUDX23 was found to co-migrate with PSY and GGPPS proteins and to be required for the enzyme complex assembly. Our findings uncover a regulatory mechanism underlying carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and offer promising genetic tools for developing carotenoid-enriched food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sombir Rao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hongbo Cao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Franz Joseph O'Hanna
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andy Lui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emalee Wrightstone
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Theodore Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2063, USA
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu J, Wang J, Muhammad T, Tuerdiyusufu D, Yang T, Li N, Yang H, Wang B, Yu Q. Functional analysis of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan in carotenoid synthesis during tomato fruit ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108589. [PMID: 38593485 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important pigmented nutrients synthesized by tomato fruits during ripening. To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying carotenoid synthesis during tomato fruit ripening, we analyzed carotenoid metabolites and transcriptomes in six development stages of tomato fruits. A total of thirty different carotenoids were detected and quantified in tomato fruits from 10 to 60 DPA. Based on differential gene expression profiles and WGCNA, we explored several genes that were highly significant and negatively correlated with lycopene, all of which encode fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs). The FLAs are involved in plant signal transduction, however the functional role of these proteins has not been studied in tomato. Genome-wide analysis revealed that cultivated and wild tomato species contained 18 to 22 FLA family members, clustered into four groups, and mainly evolved by means of segmental duplication. The functional characterization of FLAs showed that silencing of SlFLA1, 5, and 13 were found to contribute to the early coloration of tomato fruits, and the expression of carotenoid synthesis-related genes was up-regulated in fruits that changed phenotypically, especially in SlFLA13-silenced plants. Furthermore, the content of multiple carotenoids (including (E/Z)-phytoene, lycopene, γ-carotene, and α-carotene) was significantly increased in SlFLA13-silenced fruits, suggesting that SlFLA13 has a potential inhibitory function in regulating carotenoid synthesis in tomato fruits. The results of the present study broaden the idea of analyzing the biological functions of tomato FLAs and preliminary evidence for the inhibitory role of SlFLA13 in carotenoid synthesis in fruit, providing the theoretical basis and a candidate for improving tomato fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Hu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Tayeb Muhammad
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Diliaremu Tuerdiyusufu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Computer and Information Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China.
| | - Qinghui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables), Urumqi, China; College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhu G, Zhu H. Developing carotenoids-enhanced tomato fruit with multi-transgene stacking strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108575. [PMID: 38554536 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
As natural dominant pigments, carotenoids and their derivatives not only contribute to fruit color and flavor quality but are regarded as phytochemicals beneficial to human health because of various bioactivities. Tomato is one of the most important vegetables as well as a main dietary source of carotenoids. So, it's of great importance to generate carotenoid-biofortified tomatoes. The carotenoid biosynthesis pathway is a network co-regulated by multiple enzymes and regulatory genes. Here, we assembled four binary constructs containing different combinations of four endogenous carotenoids metabolic-related genes, including SlORHis, SlDXS, SlPSY, and SlBHY by using a high efficiency multi-transgene stacking system and a series of fruit-specific promotors. Transgenic lines overexpression SlORHis alone, three genes (SlORHis/SlDXS/SlPSY), two genes (SlORHis/SlBHY), and all these four genes (SlORHis/SlDXS/SlPSY/SlBHY) were enriched with carotenoids to varying degrees. Notably, overexpressing SlORHis alone showed comparable effects with simultaneous overexpression of the key regulatory enzyme coding genes SlDXS, SlPSY, and SlORHis in promoting carotenoid accumulation. Downstream carotenoid derivatives zeaxanthin and violaxanthin were detected only in lines containing SlBHY. In addition, the sugar content and total antioxidant capacity of these carotenoids-enhanced tomatoes was also increased. These data provided useful information for the future developing of biofortified tomatoes with different carotenoid profiles, and confirmed a promising system for generation of nutrients biofortified tomatoes by multiple engineering genes stacking strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Guoning Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, China Agriculture University, Chengdu, 611430, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu L, Mao Y, Zheng J, Hu S, Wang T, Shao Z, Li Z, Jian Y, Li Y, Meng F, Li Y, Wang Q. Water saving irrigation mediates bioactive pigments metabolism and storage capacity in tomato fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108477. [PMID: 38442626 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Tomato fruit consumption is influenced by flavor and nutrient quality. In the present study, we investigate the impact of water saving irrigation (WSI) as a pre-harvest management on flavor and nutrient quality of tomato fruit. Our results demonstrate that WSI-treated tomato fruit exhibited improved sensory scores as assessed by a taste panel, accompanied by elevated levels of SlGLK2 expression, sugars, acids, and carotenoid contents compared to non-treated fruit. Notably, WSI treatment significantly enhanced the development of chloroplast and plastoglobulus in chromoplast, which served as carotenoid storage sites and upregulated the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed heightened expression of sugar and flavonoid metabolism pathways in WSI-treated tomato fruit. Remarkably, the master regulator SlMYB12 displayed a substantially increased expression due to WSI. These findings suggest that WSI is an effective and sustainable approach to enhance the pigments metabolism and storage capacity as well as the organoleptic characteristics and nutritional value of tomato fruit, offering a win-win solution for both water conservation and quality improvement in agro-food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Songshen Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuening Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng G, Wang Z, Wei J, Zhao J, Zhang C, Mi J, Zong Y, Liu G, Wang Y, Xu X, Zeng S. Fruit development and ripening orchestrating the biosynthesis and regulation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides in goji berry. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127970. [PMID: 37944729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are the primary bioactive components in fruits of L. barbarum, commonly known as goji berry. Despite significant progress in understanding the chemical structures and health benefits of LBPs, the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs in goji berry remains largely unknown. In this study, physiological indicators, including LBPs, were monitored in goji berry during fruit development and ripening (FDR), suggesting that pectin might be the major component of LBPs with increased content reaching 235.8 mg/g DW. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis show that 6410 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 2052 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified with overrepresentation of flavonoids and polysaccharides-related gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that LBPs coexpress with genes involved in pectin biosynthesis (LbGALS3, LbGATL5, LbQUA1, LbGAUT1/4/7, LbRGGAT1, LbRRT1/7, and LbRHM2), modification (LbSBT1.7), and regulation (LbAP2, LbGL2 LbTLP2, LbERF4, and LbTTG2), as well as with novel transcription factors (LbSPL9 and LbRIN homologs) and glycosyltransferases. Transgenic hairy roots overexpressing LbRIN validated that LbRIN modulate the expression of WGCNA-predicted regulators, including LbERF4, LbTTG2, and LbSPL9. These findings suggest that the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs is conserved partially to those in Arabidopsis pectin. Taken together, this study provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis and regulation of LBPs, which can facilitate future studies on synthetic biology applications and genetic improvement of LBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jinrong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Juanhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Juanjuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western, School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota (AEPB), Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai, Xining, China.
| | - Genhong Liu
- College of Agricultural Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- College of Agricultural Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang MH, Li XY. Involvement of Transcription Factors and Regulatory Proteins in the Regulation of Carotenoid Accumulation in Plants and Algae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18660-18673. [PMID: 38053506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms, which are widely used in food coloring, feed additives, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Carotenoid biofortification in crop plants or algae has been considered as a sustainable strategy to improve human nutrition and health. However, the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation are still not systematic and particularly scarce in algae. This article focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid accumulation in plants and algae through regulatory factors (transcription factors and regulatory proteins), demonstrating the complexity of homeostasis regulation of carotenoids, mainly including transcriptional regulation as the primary mechanism, subsequent post-translational regulation, and cross-linking with other metabolic processes. Different organs of plants and different plant/algal species usually have specific regulatory mechanisms for the biosynthesis, storage, and degradation of carotenoids in response to the environmental and developmental signals. In plants and algae, regulators such as MYB, bHLH, MADS, bZIP, AP2/ERF, WRKY, and orange proteins can be involved in the regulation of carotenoid metabolism. And many more regulators, regulatory networks, and mechanisms need to be explored. Our paper will provide a basis for multitarget or multipathway engineering for carotenoid biofortification in plants and algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xian-Yi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tanwar N, Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK, Bansal KC. Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1001-1018. [PMID: 35815847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tanwar
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sagar S Arya
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sangram K Lenka
- TERI-Deakin Nano-Biotechnology Centre, The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, India
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azad MF, Dawar P, Esim N, Rock CD. Role of miRNAs in sucrose stress response, reactive oxygen species, and anthocyanin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1278320. [PMID: 38023835 PMCID: PMC10656695 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1278320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In plants, sucrose is the main transported disaccharide that is the primary product of photosynthesis and controls a multitude of aspects of the plant life cycle including structure, growth, development, and stress response. Sucrose is a signaling molecule facilitating various stress adaptations by crosstalk with other hormones, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Accumulation of high sucrose concentrations is a hallmark of many abiotic and biotic stresses, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and secondary metabolite anthocyanins that have antioxidant properties. Previous studies have shown that several MYeloBlastosis family/MYB transcription factors are positive and negative regulators of sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation and subject to microRNA (miRNA)-mediated post-transcriptional silencing, consistent with the notion that miRNAs may be "nodes" in crosstalk signaling by virtue of their sequence-guided targeting of different homologous family members. In this study, we endeavored to uncover by deep sequencing small RNA and mRNA transcriptomes the effects of exogenous high sucrose stress on miRNA abundances and their validated target transcripts in Arabidopsis. We focused on genotype-by-treatment effects of high sucrose stress in Production of Anthocyanin Pigment 1-Dominant/pap1-D, an activation-tagged dominant allele of MYB75 transcription factor, a positive effector of secondary metabolite anthocyanin pathway. In the process, we discovered links to reactive oxygen species signaling through miR158/161/173-targeted Pentatrico Peptide Repeat genes and two novel non-canonical targets of high sucrose-induced miR408 and miR398b*(star), relevant to carbon metabolic fluxes: Flavonoid 3'-Hydroxlase (F3'H), an important enzyme in determining the B-ring hydroxylation pattern of flavonoids, and ORANGE a post-translational regulator of Phytoene Synthase expression, respectively. Taken together, our results contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms of carbon flux shifts from primary to secondary metabolites in response to high sugar stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Fakhrul Azad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Pranav Dawar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nevzat Esim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bіngöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Christopher D. Rock
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Verbeecke V, Custódio L, Strobbe S, Van Der Straeten D. The role of orphan crops in the transition to nutritional quality-oriented crop improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108242. [PMID: 37640278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is a persisting problem threatening global human health. Biofortification via metabolic engineering has been proposed as a cost-effective and short-term means to alleviate this burden. There has been a recent rise in the recognition of potential that underutilized, orphan crops can hold in decreasing malnutrition concerns. Here, we illustrate how orphan crops can serve as a medium to provide micronutrients to populations in need, whilst promoting and maintaining dietary diversity. We provide a roadmap, illustrating which aspects to be taken into consideration when evaluating orphan crops. Recent developments have shown successful biofortification via metabolic engineering in staple crops. This review provides guidance in the implementation of these successes to relevant orphan crop species, with a specific focus on the relevant micronutrients iron, zinc, provitamin A and folates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Verbeecke
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Custódio
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon Strobbe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou X, Sun T, Owens L, Yang Y, Fish T, Wrightstone E, Lui A, Yuan H, Chayut N, Burger J, Tadmor Y, Thannhauser T, Guo W, Cheng L, Li L. Carotenoid sequestration protein FIBRILLIN participates in CmOR-regulated β-carotene accumulation in melon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:643-660. [PMID: 37233026 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts are plant organelles with a unique ability to sequester and store massive carotenoids. Chromoplasts have been hypothesized to enable high levels of carotenoid accumulation due to enhanced sequestration ability or sequestration substructure formation. However, the regulators that control the substructure component accumulation and substructure formation in chromoplasts remain unknown. In melon (Cucumis melo) fruit, β-carotene accumulation in chromoplasts is governed by ORANGE (OR), a key regulator for carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. By using comparative proteomic analysis of a high β-carotene melon variety and its isogenic line low-β mutant that is defective in CmOr with impaired chromoplast formation, we identified carotenoid sequestration protein FIBRILLIN1 (CmFBN1) as differentially expressed. CmFBN1 expresses highly in melon fruit tissue. Overexpression of CmFBN1 in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) containing ORHis that genetically mimics CmOr significantly enhances carotenoid accumulation, demonstrating its involvement in CmOR-induced carotenoid accumulation. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence showed that CmOR physically interacts with CmFBN1. Such an interaction occurs in plastoglobules and results in promoting CmFBN1 accumulation. CmOR greatly stabilizes CmFBN1, which stimulates plastoglobule proliferation and subsequently carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts. Our findings show that CmOR directly regulates CmFBN1 protein levels and suggest a fundamental role of CmFBN1 in facilitating plastoglobule proliferation for carotenoid sequestration. This study also reveals an important genetic tool to further enhance OR-induced carotenoid accumulation in chromoplasts in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lauren Owens
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emalee Wrightstone
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andy Lui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Noam Chayut
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Joseph Burger
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel
| | - Theodore Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kang L, Zhang C, Liu J, Ye M, Zhang L, Chen F, Lin X, Yang D, Ren L, Li Y, Kim HS, Kwak SS, Li H, Deng X, Zhang P, Ke Q. Overexpression of potato ORANGE (StOR) and StOR mutant in Arabidopsis confers increased carotenoid accumulation and tolerance to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107809. [PMID: 37315350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ORANGE (OR) plays essential roles in regulating carotenoid homeostasis and enhancing the ability of plants to adapt to environmental stress. However, OR proteins have been functionally characterized in only a few plant species, and little is known about the role of potato OR (StOR). In this study, we characterized the StOR gene in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Atlantic). StOR is predominantly localized to the chloroplast, and its transcripts are tissue-specifically expressed and significantly induced in response to abiotic stress. Compared with wild type, overexpression of StOR increased β-carotene levels up to 4.8-fold, whereas overexpression of StORHis with a conserved arginine to histidine substitution promoted β-carotene accumulation up to 17.6-fold in Arabidopsis thaliana calli. Neither StOR nor StORHis overexpression dramatically affected the transcript levels of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, overexpression of either StOR or StORHis increased abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, which was associated with higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidative activity. Taken together, these results indicate that StOR could be exploited as a potential new genetic tool for the improvement of crop nutritional quality and environmental stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Kang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Junke Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Muying Ye
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Fengfeng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Dongjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Liping Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637002, China
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hongbing Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiping Deng
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingbo Ke
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liang MH, Xie SR, Dai JL, Chen HH, Jiang JG. Roles of Two Phytoene Synthases and Orange Protein in Carotenoid Metabolism of the β-Carotene-Accumulating Dunaliella salina. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0006923. [PMID: 37022233 PMCID: PMC10269666 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00069-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is a key enzyme in carotenoid metabolism and often regulated by orange protein. However, few studies have focused on the functional differentiation of the two PSYs and their regulation by protein interaction in the β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18. In this study, we confirmed that DsPSY1 from D. salina possessed high PSY catalytic activity, whereas DsPSY2 almost had no activity. Two amino acid residues at positions 144 and 285 responsible for substrate binding were associated with the functional variance between DsPSY1 and DsPSY2. Moreover, orange protein from D. salina (DsOR) could interact with DsPSY1/2. DbPSY from Dunaliella sp. FACHB-847 also had high PSY activity, but DbOR could not interact with DbPSY, which might be one reason why it could not highly accumulate β-carotene. Overexpression of DsOR, especially the mutant DsORHis, could significantly improve the single-cell carotenoid content and change cell morphology (with larger cell size, bigger plastoglobuli, and fragmented starch granules) of D. salina. Overall, DsPSY1 played a dominant role in carotenoid biosynthesis in D. salina, and DsOR promoted carotenoid accumulation, especially β-carotene via interacting with DsPSY1/2 and regulating the plastid development. Our study provides a new clue for the regulatory mechanism of carotenoid metabolism in Dunaliella. IMPORTANCE Phytoene synthase (PSY) as the key rate-limiting enzyme in carotenoid metabolism can be regulated by various regulators and factors. We found that DsPSY1 played a dominant role in carotenogenesis in the β-carotene-accumulating Dunaliella salina, and two amino acid residues critical in the substrate binding were associated with the functional variance between DsPSY1 and DsPSY2. Orange protein from D. salina (DsOR) can promote carotenoid accumulation via interacting with DsPSY1/2 and regulating the plastid development, which provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of massive accumulation of β-carotene in D. salina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Rong Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jv-Liang Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Hong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Esquivel P, Rodriguez-Amaya DB. Comprehensive review on carotenoid composition: Transformations during processing and storage of foods. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
|
16
|
D'Ambrosio C, Stigliani AL, Rambla JL, Frusciante S, Diretto G, Enfissi EMA, Granell A, Fraser PD, Giorio G. A xanthophyll-derived apocarotenoid regulates carotenogenesis in tomato chromoplasts. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111575. [PMID: 36572066 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids possess important biological functions that make them essential components of the human diet. β-Carotene and some other carotenoids have vitamin A activity while lutein and zeaxanthin, typically referred to as the macular pigments, are involved in good vision and in delaying the onset of age-related eye diseases. In order to create a zeaxanthin-producing tomato fruit, two transgenic lines, one with a high β-carotene cyclase activity and the other with a high β-carotene hydroxylase activity, have been genetically crossed. Ripe fruits from the resulting progeny contained significant levels of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and xanthophyll esters. However, their zeaxanthin content was not as high as expected, and the total level of carotenoids was only 25% of the carotenoids found in ripe fruits of the comparator line. Targeted transcript analysis and apocarotenoids determinations indicated that transcriptional regulation of the pathway or degradation of synthesized carotenoids were not responsible for the low carotenoid content of hybrid fruits which instead appeared to result from a substantial reduction of carotenoid biosynthesis. Notably, the content of an unidentified hydroxylated cyclic (C13) apocarotenoid was 13 times higher in the hybrid fruits than in the control fruits. Furthermore, a GC-MS-based metabolite profiling demonstrated a perturbation of carotenogenesis in ripening hybrid fruits compatible with a block of the pathway. Moreover, carotenoid profiling on leaf, fruit, and petal samples from a set of experimental lines carrying the hp3 mutation, in combination with the two transgenes, indicated that the carotenoid biosynthesis in petal and fruit chromoplasts could be regulated. Altogether the data were consistent with the hypothesis of the regulation of the carotenoid pathway in tomato chromoplasts through a mechanism of feedback inhibition mediated by a xanthophyll-derived apocarotenoid. This chromoplast-specific post-transcriptional mechanism was disclosed in transgenic fruits of HU hybrid owing to the abnormal production of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin, the more probable precursors of the apocarotenoid signal. A model describing the regulation of carotenoid pathway in tomato chromoplasts is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina D'Ambrosio
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Metaponto, MT, Italy
| | - Adriana Lucia Stigliani
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Metaponto, MT, Italy
| | - José L Rambla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; Universitat Jaume I., Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Avda Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Centre, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia M A Enfissi
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Giovanni Giorio
- Centro Ricerche Metapontum Agrobios, Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltura (ALSIA), Metaponto, MT, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo Z, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wang L, Zhao X, Liu Z, Wang L, Wang L, Zhao J, Wang J, Liu M. Genome-wide screening of the RNase T2 gene family and functional analyses in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:80. [PMID: 36803656 PMCID: PMC9940439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribonuclease (RNase T2) plays crucial roles in plant evolution and breeding. However, there have been few studies on the RNase T2 gene family in Ziziphus jujuba Mill., one of important dried fruit tree species. Recently, the released sequences of the reference genome of jujube provide a good chance to perform genome-wide identification and characterization of ZjRNase gene family in the jujube. RESULTS In this study, we identified four members of RNase T2 in jujube distributed on three chromosomes and unassembled chromosomes. They all contained two conserved sites (CASI and CASII). Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships revealed that the RNase T2 genes in jujube could be divided into two groups: ZjRNase1 and ZjRNase2 belonged to class I, while ZjRNase3 and ZjRNase4 belonged to class II. Only ZjRNase1 and ZjRNase2 expression were shown by the jujube fruit transcriptome analysis. So ZjRNase1 and ZjRNase2 were selected functional verification by overexpression transformation of Arabidopsis. The overexpression of these two genes led to an approximately 50% reduction in seed number, which deserve further attention. Moreover, the leaves of the ZjRNase1 overexpression transgenic lines were curled and twisted. Overexpression of ZjRNase2 resulted in shortened and crisp siliques and the production of trichomes, and no seeds were produced. CONCLUSION In summary, these findings will provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of low number of hybrid seeds in jujube and a reference for the future molecular breeding of jujube.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Luo
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China ,grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Chunjiao Tian
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Lihu Wang
- grid.412028.d0000 0004 1757 5708School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China ,grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China ,grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Lili Wang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China ,grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Lixin Wang
- grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China ,grid.274504.00000 0001 2291 4530Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001 China
| | - Jin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Jiurui Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Mengjun Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China. .,Research Center of Chinese Jujube, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi L, Zhou W, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wu N, Wang Y, Dai Z. Genetic mapping of a single nuclear locus determines the white flesh color in watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1090009. [PMID: 36824206 PMCID: PMC9941332 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1090009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flesh color is an important trait in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Several flesh color genes have been identified in watermelon; however, the inheritance of and the molecular basis underlying the white flesh trait remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, segregation populations were constructed by crossing the canary yellow flesh line HSH-F with the white flesh line Sanbai to fine-map the white flesh gene in watermelon. RESULTS Genetic analysis indicated that the white flesh trait is controlled by a single recessive locus, termed Clwf2. Map-based cloning delimited the Clwf2 locus to a 132.3-kb region on chromosome 6. The candidate region contains 13 putative genes, and four of them-Cla97C06G121860, Cla97C06G121880, Cla97C06G121890, and Cla97C06G121900-were significantly downregulated in the white flesh compared to the canary yellow flesh watermelon fruits. The Cla97C06G121890 gene, which encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat protein, showed almost no expression in the white flesh fruit before maturity, whereas it had a very high expression in the canary yellow flesh fruit at 18 days after pollination. Transmission electron microscopy revealed rounded and regularly shaped chromoplasts in both the canary yellow and white flesh fruits. Further quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of several key plastid division genes and almost the entire carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes were downregulated in the white flesh compared to the canary yellow flesh fruits. DISCUSSION This study suggests that the proliferation inhibition of chromoplasts and downregulation of the CBP genes block the accumulation of carotenoids in watermelon and lead to white flesh. These findings advance and extend the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying white flesh trait formation and carotenoid biosynthesis in watermelon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licong Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Cultivation on Alpine Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Cultivation on Alpine Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zibiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Na Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Cultivation on Alpine Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement, Industrial Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Cultivation on Alpine Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stra A, Almarwaey LO, Alagoz Y, Moreno JC, Al-Babili S. Carotenoid metabolism: New insights and synthetic approaches. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1072061. [PMID: 36743580 PMCID: PMC9891708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1072061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are well-known isoprenoid pigments naturally produced by plants, algae, photosynthetic bacteria as well as by several heterotrophic microorganisms. In plants, they are synthesized in plastids where they play essential roles in light-harvesting and in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Carotenoids are also precursors of bioactive metabolites called apocarotenoids, including vitamin A and the phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs). Genetic engineering of carotenogenesis made possible the enhancement of the nutritional value of many crops. New metabolic engineering approaches have recently been developed to modulate carotenoid content, including the employment of CRISPR technologies for single-base editing and the integration of exogenous genes into specific "safe harbors" in the genome. In addition, recent studies revealed the option of synthetic conversion of leaf chloroplasts into chromoplasts, thus increasing carotenoid storage capacity and boosting the nutritional value of green plant tissues. Moreover, transient gene expression through viral vectors allowed the accumulation of carotenoids outside the plastid. Furthermore, the utilization of engineered microorganisms allowed efficient mass production of carotenoids, making it convenient for industrial practices. Interestingly, manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis can also influence plant architecture, and positively impact growth and yield, making it an important target for crop improvements beyond biofortification. Here, we briefly describe carotenoid biosynthesis and highlight the latest advances and discoveries related to synthetic carotenoid metabolism in plants and microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Stra
- The Bioactives Laboratory, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamyaa O. Almarwaey
- The Bioactives Laboratory, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- The Bioactives Laboratory, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan C. Moreno
- The Bioactives Laboratory, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Babili
- The Bioactives Laboratory, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morelli L, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Open avenues for carotenoid biofortification of plant tissues. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100466. [PMID: 36303429 PMCID: PMC9860184 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant carotenoids are plastidial isoprenoids that function as photoprotectants, pigments, and precursors of apocarotenoids such as the hormones abscisic acid and strigolactones. Humans do not produce carotenoids but need to obtain them from their diet as precursors of retinoids, including vitamin A. Carotenoids also provide numerous other health benefits. Multiple attempts to improve the carotenoid profile of different crops have been carried out by manipulating carotenoid biosynthesis, degradation, and/or storage. Here, we will focus on open questions and emerging subjects related to the use of biotechnology for carotenoid biofortification. After impressive achievements, new efforts should be directed to extend the use of genome-editing technologies to overcome regulatory constraints and improve consumer acceptance of the carotenoid-enriched products. Another challenge is to prevent off-target effects like those resulting from altered hormone levels and metabolic homeostasis. Research on biofortification of green tissues should also look for new ways to deal with the negative impact that altered carotenoid contents may have on photosynthesis. Once a carotenoid-enriched product has been obtained, additional effort should be devoted to confirming that carotenoid intake from the engineered food is also improved. This work involves ensuring post-harvest stability and assessing bioaccessibility of the biofortified product to confirm that release of carotenoids from the food matrix has not been negatively affected. Successfully addressing these challenges will ensure new milestones in carotenoid biotechnology and biofortification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Morelli
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HK, Kim JY, Kim JH, Go JY, Jung YS, Lee HJ, Ahn MJ, Yu J, Bae S, Kim HS, Kwak SS, Kim MS, Cho YG, Jung YJ, Kang KK. Biochemical Characterization of Orange-Colored Rice Calli Induced by Target Mutagenesis of OsOr Gene. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:56. [PMID: 36616184 PMCID: PMC9823629 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We generated an orange-colored (OC) rice callus line by targeted mutagenesis of the orange gene (OsOr) using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. The OC line accumulated more lutein, β-carotene, and two β-carotene isomers compared to the WT callus line. We also analyzed the expression levels of carotenoid biosynthesis genes by qRT-PCR. Among the genes encoding carotenoid metabolic pathway enzymes, the number of transcripts of the PSY2, PSY3, PDS, ZDS and β-LCY genes were higher in the OC line than in the WT line. In contrast, transcription of the ε-LCY gene was downregulated in the OC line compared to the WT line. In addition, we detected increases in the transcript levels of two genes involved in carotenoid oxidation in the OC lines. The developed OC lines also showed increased tolerance to salt stress. Collectively, these findings indicate that targeted mutagenesis of the OsOr gene via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing results in β-carotene accumulation in rice calli. Accordingly, we believe that this type of genome-editing technology could represent an effective alternative approach for enhancing the β-carotene content of plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Go
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Seob Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ju Lee
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Me-Sun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mapping and Validation of BrGOLDEN: A Dominant Gene Regulating Carotenoid Accumulation in Brassica rapa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012442. [PMID: 36293299 PMCID: PMC9603932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the accumulation of carotenoids can maintain the balance of the photosystem and improve crop nutritional quality. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying carotenoid synthesis and accumulation should be further explored. In this study, carotenoid accumulation differed significantly among parental Brassica rapa. Genetic analysis was carried out using the golden inner leaf ‘1900264′ line and the light−yellow inner leaf ‘1900262′ line, showing that the golden inner leaf phenotype was controlled by a single dominant gene. Using bulked−segregant analysis sequencing, BraA09g007080.3C encoding the ORANGE protein was selected as a candidate gene. Sequence alignment revealed that a 4.67 kb long terminal repeat insertion in the third exon of the BrGOLDEN resulted in three alternatively spliced transcripts. The spatiotemporal expression results indicated that BrGOLDEN might regulate the expression levels of carotenoid−synthesis−related genes. After transforming BrGOLDEN into Arabidopsis thaliana, the seed−derived callus showed that BrGOLDENIns and BrGOLDENDel lines presented a yellow color and the BrGOLDENLdel line presented a transparent phenotype. In addition, using the yeast two−hybrid assay, BrGOLDENIns, BrGOLDENLdel, and Brgoldenwt exhibited strong interactions with BrPSY1, but BrGOLDENDel did not interact with BrPSY1 in the split−ubiquitin membrane system. In the secondary and 3D structure analysis, BrGOLDENDel was shown to have lost the PNFPSFIPFLPPL sequences at the 125 amino acid position, which resulted in the α−helices of BrGOLDENDel being disrupted, restricting the formation of the 3D structure and affecting the functions of the protein. These findings may provide new insights into the regulation of carotenoid synthesis in B. rapa.
Collapse
|
23
|
Li Y, Jian Y, Mao Y, Meng F, Shao Z, Wang T, Zheng J, Wang Q, Liu L. "Omics" insights into plastid behavior toward improved carotenoid accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001756. [PMID: 36275568 PMCID: PMC9583013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are a group of diverse organelles with conserved carotenoids synthesizing and sequestering functions in plants. They optimize the carotenoid composition and content in response to developmental transitions and environmental stimuli. In this review, we describe the turbulence and reforming of transcripts, proteins, and metabolic pathways for carotenoid metabolism and storage in various plastid types upon organogenesis and external influences, which have been studied using approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. Meanwhile, the coordination of plastid signaling and carotenoid metabolism including the effects of disturbed carotenoid biosynthesis on plastid morphology and function are also discussed. The "omics" insight extends our understanding of the interaction between plastids and carotenoids and provides significant implications for designing strategies for carotenoid-biofortified crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Choi I, Ahn CS, Lee DH, Baek SA, Jung JW, Kim JK, Lee HS, Pai HS. Silencing of the Target of Rapamycin Complex Genes Stimulates Tomato Fruit Ripening. Mol Cells 2022; 45:660-672. [PMID: 35993163 PMCID: PMC9448650 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin complex (TORC) plays a key role in plant cell growth and survival by regulating the gene expression and metabolism according to environmental information. TORC activates transcription, mRNA translation, and anabolic processes under favorable conditions, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process promoted by ethylene and specific transcription factors. TORC is known to modulate leaf senescence in tomato. In this study, we investigated the function of TORC in tomato fruit ripening using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TORC genes, TOR, lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (LST8), and regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of tomato TORC genes were the highest in the orange stage during fruit development in Micro-Tom tomato. VIGS of these TORC genes using stage 2 tomato accelerated fruit ripening with premature orange/red coloring and decreased fruit growth, when control tobacco rattle virus 2 (TRV2)-myc fruits reached the mature green stage. TORC-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of carotenoid lycopene and reduced cellulose deposition in pericarp cell walls. The early ripening fruits had higher levels of transcripts related to fruit ripening transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, and cell wall modification. Finally, the early ripening phenotype in Micro-Tom tomato was reproduced in the commercial cultivar Moneymaker tomato by VIGS of the TORC genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TORC plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening by modulating the transcription of various ripening-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Sook Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Platform Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem/LG Science Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Du-Hwa Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hunziker J, Nishida K, Kondo A, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Phenotypic Characterization of High Carotenoid Tomato Mutants Generated by the Target-AID Base-Editing Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:848560. [PMID: 35874006 PMCID: PMC9301137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that Target-AID which is the modified CRISPR/Cas9 system enabling base-editing is an efficient tool for targeting multiple genes. Three genes, SlDDB1, SlDET1, and SlCYC-B, responsible for carotenoid accumulation were targeted, and allelic variations were previously obtained by Target-AID. In this research, we characterized the effect of new alleles on plant growth and fruit development, as well as carotenoid accumulation, individually in segregating backcross populations or combined in null self-segregant lines. Only lines carrying homozygous substitutions in the three targeted genes and the segregating backcross population of individual mutations were characterized, resulting in the isolation of two allelic versions for SlDDB1, one associated with SlDET1 and the last one with SlCYC-B. All edited lines showed variations in carotenoid accumulation, with an additive effect for each single mutation. These results suggest that Target-AID base-editing technology is an effective tool for creating new allelic variations in target genes to improve carotenoid accumulation in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Hunziker
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meng F, Li Y, Li S, Chen H, Shao Z, Jian Y, Mao Y, Liu L, Wang Q. Carotenoid biofortification in tomato products along whole agro-food chain from field to fork. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
27
|
Medina-Lozano I, Díaz A. Applications of Genomic Tools in Plant Breeding: Crop Biofortification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3086. [PMID: 35328507 PMCID: PMC8950180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop breeding has mainly been focused on increasing productivity, either directly or by decreasing the losses caused by biotic and abiotic stresses (that is, incorporating resistance to diseases and enhancing tolerance to adverse conditions, respectively). Quite the opposite, little attention has been paid to improve the nutritional value of crops. It has not been until recently that crop biofortification has become an objective within breeding programs, through either conventional methods or genetic engineering. There are many steps along this long path, from the initial evaluation of germplasm for the content of nutrients and health-promoting compounds to the development of biofortified varieties, with the available and future genomic tools assisting scientists and breeders in reaching their objectives as well as speeding up the process. This review offers a compendium of the genomic technologies used to explore and create biodiversity, to associate the traits of interest to the genome, and to transfer the genomic regions responsible for the desirable characteristics into potential new varieties. Finally, a glimpse of future perspectives and challenges in this emerging area is offered by taking the present scenario and the slow progress of the regulatory framework as the starting point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Medina-Lozano
- Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Aurora Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mining of Potential Gene Resources for Breeding Nutritionally Improved Maize. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050627. [PMID: 35270097 PMCID: PMC8912576 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maize is one of the leading food crops and its kernel is rich in starch, lipids, protein and other energy substances. In addition, maize kernels also contain many trace elements that are potentially beneficial to human health, such as vitamins, minerals and other secondary metabolites. However, gene resources that could be applied for nutrient improvement are limited in maize. In this review, we summarized 107 genes that are associated with nutrient content from different plant species and identified 246 orthologs from the maize genome. In addition, we constructed physical maps and performed a detailed expression pattern analysis for the 246 maize potential gene resources. Combining expression profiles and their potential roles in maize nutrient improvement, genetic engineering by editing or ectopic expression of these genes in maize are expected to improve resistant starch, oil, essential amino acids, vitamins, iron, zinc and anthocyanin levels of maize grains. Thus, this review provides valuable gene resources for maize nutrient improvement.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun T, Rao S, Zhou X, Li L. Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:3. [PMID: 37789426 PMCID: PMC10515021 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, pigmentation, phytohormone synthesis, and signaling. They are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis and as dietary antioxidants. The vital roles of carotenoids to plants and humans have prompted significant progress toward our understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation. New regulators and novel roles of carotenoid metabolites are continuously revealed. This review focuses on current status of carotenoid metabolism and highlights recent advances in comprehension of the intrinsic and multi-dimensional regulation of carotenoid accumulation. We also discuss the functional evolution of carotenoids, the agricultural and horticultural application, and some key areas for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sombir Rao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Agrawal S, Karcher D, Ruf S, Erban A, Hertle AP, Kopka J, Bock R. Riboswitch-mediated inducible expression of an astaxanthin biosynthetic operon in plastids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:637-652. [PMID: 34623449 PMCID: PMC8774745 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The high-value carotenoid astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is one of the most potent antioxidants in nature. In addition to its large-scale use in fish farming, the pigment has applications as a food supplement and an active ingredient in cosmetics and in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of diseases linked to reactive oxygen species. The biochemical pathway for astaxanthin synthesis has been introduced into seed plants, which do not naturally synthesize this pigment, by nuclear and plastid engineering. The highest accumulation rates have been achieved in transplastomic plants, but massive production of astaxanthin has resulted in severe growth retardation. What limits astaxanthin accumulation levels and what causes the mutant phenotype is unknown. Here, we addressed these questions by making astaxanthin synthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plastids inducible by a synthetic riboswitch. We show that, already in the uninduced state, astaxanthin accumulates to similarly high levels as in transplastomic plants expressing the pathway constitutively. Importantly, the inducible plants displayed wild-type-like growth properties and riboswitch induction resulted in a further increase in astaxanthin accumulation. Our data suggest that the mutant phenotype associated with constitutive astaxanthin synthesis is due to massive metabolite turnover, and indicate that astaxanthin accumulation is limited by the sequestration capacity of the plastid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Agrawal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Daniel Karcher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexander P Hertle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kapoor L, Simkin AJ, George Priya Doss C, Siva R. Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35016620 PMCID: PMC8750800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits are vital food resources as they are loaded with bioactive compounds varying with different stages of ripening. As the fruit ripens, a dynamic color change is observed from green to yellow to red due to the biosynthesis of pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Apart from making the fruit attractive and being a visual indicator of the ripening status, pigments add value to a ripened fruit by making them a source of nutraceuticals and industrial products. As the fruit matures, it undergoes biochemical changes which alter the pigment composition of fruits. RESULTS The synthesis, degradation and retention pathways of fruit pigments are mediated by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Manipulation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms during fruit ripening suggests ways to enhance the desired pigments in fruits by biotechnological interventions. Here we report, in-depth insight into the dynamics of a pigment change in ripening and the regulatory mechanisms in action. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the role of pigments as an asset to a ripened fruit as they augment the nutritive value, antioxidant levels and the net carbon gain of fruits; pigments are a source for fruit biofortification have tremendous industrial value along with being a tool to predict the harvest. This report will be of great utility to the harvesters, traders, consumers, and natural product divisions to extract the leading nutraceutical and industrial potential of preferred pigments biosynthesized at different fruit ripening stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leepica Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Welsch R, Li L. Golden Rice—Lessons learned for inspiring future metabolic engineering strategies and synthetic biology solutions. Methods Enzymol 2022; 671:1-29. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
33
|
Jung YJ, Go JY, Lee HJ, Park JS, Kim JY, Lee YJ, Ahn MJ, Kim MS, Cho YG, Kwak SS, Kim HS, Kang KK. Overexpression of Orange Gene ( OsOr-R115H) Enhances Heat Tolerance and Defense-Related Gene Expression in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1891. [PMID: 34946840 PMCID: PMC8701904 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the orange (Or) gene plays roles in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and responses to environmental stress. The present study investigated whether the expression of rice Or (OsOr) gene could enhance rice tolerance to heat stress conditions. The OsOr gene was cloned and constructed with OsOr or OsOr-R115H (leading to Arg to His substitution at position 115 on the OsOr protein), and transformed into rice plants. The chlorophyll contents and proline contents of transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of non-transgenic (NT) plants under heat stress conditions. However, we found that the levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde in transgenic lines were significantly reduced compared to NT plants under heat stress conditions. In addition, the levels of expression of four genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes (OsAPX2, OsCATA, OsCATB, OsSOD-Cu/Zn) and five genes (OsLEA3, OsDREB2A, OsDREB1A, OsP5CS, SNAC1) responded to abiotic stress was showed significantly higher in the transgenic lines than NT plants under heat stress conditions. Therefore, OsOr-R115H could be exploited as a promising strategy for developing new rice cultivars with improved heat stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Go
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Hyo Ju Lee
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Jung Soon Park
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Ye Ji Lee
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Me-Sun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (Y.-G.C.)
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (M.-S.K.); (Y.-G.C.)
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-S.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-S.K.); (H.S.K.)
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.Y.G.); (H.J.L.); (J.S.P.); (J.Y.K.); (Y.J.L.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Simkin AJ. Carotenoids and Apocarotenoids in Planta: Their Role in Plant Development, Contribution to the Flavour and Aroma of Fruits and Flowers, and Their Nutraceutical Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112321. [PMID: 34834683 PMCID: PMC8624010 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids are diverse classes of compounds found in nature and are important natural pigments, nutraceuticals and flavour/aroma molecules. Improving the quality of crops is important for providing micronutrients to remote communities where dietary variation is often limited. Carotenoids have also been shown to have a significant impact on a number of human diseases, improving the survival rates of some cancers and slowing the progression of neurological illnesses. Furthermore, carotenoid-derived compounds can impact the flavour and aroma of crops and vegetables and are the origin of important developmental, as well as plant resistance compounds required for defence. In this review, we discuss the current research being undertaken to increase carotenoid content in plants and research the benefits to human health and the role of carotenoid derived volatiles on flavour and aroma of fruits and vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK; or
- Crop Science and Production Systems, NIAB-EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yazdani M, Croen MG, Fish TL, Thannhauser TW, Ahner BA. Overexpression of native ORANGE (OR) and OR mutant protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii enhances carotenoid and ABA accumulation and increases resistance to abiotic stress. Metab Eng 2021; 68:94-105. [PMID: 34571147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoid content of plants can be increased by overexpression of the regulatory protein ORANGE (OR) or a mutant variant known as the 'golden SNP'. In the present study, a strong light-inducible promoter was used to overexpress either wild type CrOR (CrORWT) or a mutated CrOR (CrORHis) containing a single histidine substitution for a conserved arginine in the microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Overexpression of CrORWT and CrORHis roughly doubled and tripled, respectively, the accumulation of several different carotenoids, including β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and violaxanthin in C. reinhardtii and upregulated the transcript abundance of nearly all relevant carotenoid biosynthetic genes. In addition, microscopic analysis revealed that the OR transgenic cells were larger than control cells and exhibited larger chloroplasts with a disrupted morphology. Moreover, both CrORWT and CrORHis cell lines showed increased tolerance to salt and paraquat stress. The levels of endogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also increased in CrORWT and CrORHis lines, not only in normal growth conditions but also in growth medium supplemented with salt and paraquat. Together these results offer new insights regarding the role of the native OR protein in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of several carotenoids in microalgae, and establish a new functional role for OR to modulate oxidative stress tolerance potentially mediated by ABA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yazdani
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michelle G Croen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tara L Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Beth A Ahner
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Torres-Montilla S, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Making extra room for carotenoids in plant cells: New opportunities for biofortification. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101128. [PMID: 34530006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection and provide colors in the yellow to red range to non-photosynthetic organs such as petals and ripe fruits. They are also the precursors of biologically active molecules not only in plants (including hormones and retrograde signals) but also in animals (including retinoids such as vitamin A). A carotenoid-rich diet has been associated with improved health and cognitive capacity in humans, whereas the use of carotenoids as natural pigments is widespread in the agrofood and cosmetic industries. The nutritional and economic relevance of carotenoids has spurred a large number of biotechnological strategies to enrich plant tissues with carotenoids. Most of such approaches to alter carotenoid contents in plants have been focused on manipulating their biosynthesis or degradation, whereas improving carotenoid sink capacity in plant tissues has received much less attention. Our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms influencing carotenoid storage in plants has substantially grown in the last years, opening new opportunities for carotenoid biofortification. Here we will review these advances with a particular focus on those creating extra room for carotenoids in plant cells either by promoting the differentiation of carotenoid-sequestering structures within plastids or by transferring carotenoid production to the cytosol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas - Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun T, Zhu Q, Wei Z, Owens LA, Fish T, Kim H, Thannhauser TW, Cahoon EB, Li L. Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:191-214. [PMID: 36303886 PMCID: PMC9590580 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Staple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification. However, carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains. In this study, we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish carotenoid biofortification strategies in seeds. We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase (PSY) increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage, consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains. In contrast, stacking with Orange (OR His ), a gene that initiates chromoplast biogenesis, dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability. Up to 65- and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total carotenoids, respectively, with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63% were observed in the seeds containing OR His and PSY. Co-expression of Homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase (HGGT) with OR His and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage. Moreover, knocking-out of β-carotene hydroxylase 2 (BCH2) by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germination. Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accumulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis, turnover, and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00046-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ziqing Wei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Lauren A Owens
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA.,Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kilambi HV, Dindu A, Sharma K, Nizampatnam NR, Gupta N, Thazath NP, Dhanya AJ, Tyagi K, Sharma S, Kumar S, Sharma R, Sreelakshmi Y. The new kid on the block: a dominant-negative mutation of phototropin1 enhances carotenoid content in tomato fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:844-861. [PMID: 33608974 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phototropins, the UVA-blue light photoreceptors, endow plants to detect the direction of light and optimize photosynthesis by regulating positioning of chloroplasts and stomatal gas exchange. Little is known about their functions in other developmental responses. A tomato Non-phototropic seedling1 (Nps1) mutant, bearing an Arg495His substitution in the vicinity of LOV2 domain in phototropin1, dominant-negatively blocks phototropin1 responses. The fruits of Nps1 mutant were enriched in carotenoids, particularly lycopene, compared with its parent, Ailsa Craig. On the contrary, CRISPR/CAS9-edited loss of function phototropin1 mutants displayed subdued carotenoids compared with the parent. The enrichment of carotenoids in Nps1 fruits is genetically linked with the mutation and exerted in a dominant-negative fashion. Nps1 also altered volatile profiles with high levels of lycopene-derived 6-methyl 5-hepten2-one. The transcript levels of several MEP and carotenogenesis pathway genes were upregulated in Nps1. Nps1 fruits showed altered hormonal profiles with subdued ethylene emission and reduced respiration. Proteome profiles showed a causal link between higher carotenogenesis and increased levels of protein protection machinery, which may stabilize proteins contributing to MEP and carotenogenesis pathways. The enhancement of carotenoid content by Nps1 in a dominant-negative fashion offers a potential tool for high lycopene-bearing hybrid tomatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Vasuki Kilambi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Alekhya Dindu
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kapil Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Narasimha Rao Nizampatnam
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Nikhil Padmanabhan Thazath
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ajayakumar Jaya Dhanya
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kamal Tyagi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sulabha Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Rameshwar Sharma
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi
- Repository of Tomato Genomics Resources, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuan H, Pawlowski EG, Yang Y, Sun T, Thannhauser TW, Mazourek M, Schnell D, Li L. Arabidopsis ORANGE protein regulates plastid pre-protein import through interacting with Tic proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1059-1072. [PMID: 33165598 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-targeted proteins are actively imported into chloroplasts via the machinery spanning the double-layered membranes of chloroplasts. While the key translocons at the outer (TOC) and inner (TIC) membranes of chloroplasts are defined, proteins that interact with the core components to facilitate pre-protein import are continuously being discovered. A DnaJ-like chaperone ORANGE (OR) protein is known to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis as well as plastid biogenesis and development. In this study, we found that OR physically interacts with several Tic proteins including Tic20, Tic40, and Tic110 in the classic TIC core complex of the chloroplast import machinery. Knocking out or and its homolog or-like greatly affects the import efficiency of some photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pre-proteins. Consistent with the direct interactions of OR with Tic proteins, the binding efficiency assay revealed that the effect of OR occurs at translocation at the inner envelope membrane (i.e. at the TIC complex). OR is able to reduce the Tic40 protein turnover rate through its chaperone activity. Moreover, OR was found to interfere with the interaction between Tic40 and Tic110, and reduces the binding of pre-proteins to Tic110 in aiding their release for translocation and processing. Our findings suggest that OR plays a new and regulatory role in stabilizing key translocons and in facilitating the late stage of plastid pre-protein translocation to regulate plastid pre-protein import.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Emily G Pawlowski
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Danny Schnell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kim SE, Lee CJ, Park SU, Lim YH, Park WS, Kim HJ, Ahn MJ, Kwak SS, Kim HS. Overexpression of the Golden SNP-Carrying Orange Gene Enhances Carotenoid Accumulation and Heat Stress Tolerance in Sweetpotato Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010051. [PMID: 33406723 PMCID: PMC7823567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids function as photosynthetic accessory pigments, antioxidants, and vitamin A precursors. We recently showed that transgenic sweetpotato calli overexpressing the mutant sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) Orange gene (IbOr-R96H), which carries a single nucleotide polymorphism responsible for Arg to His substitution at amino acid position 96, exhibited dramatically higher carotenoid content and abiotic stress tolerance than calli overexpressing the wild-type IbOr gene (IbOr-WT). In this study, we generated transgenic sweetpotato plants overexpressing IbOr-R96H under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The total carotenoid contents of IbOr-R96H storage roots (light-orange flesh) and IbOr-WT storage roots (light-yellow flesh) were 5.4-19.6 and 3.2-fold higher, respectively, than those of non-transgenic (NT) storage roots (white flesh). The β-carotene content of IbOr-R96H storage roots was up to 186.2-fold higher than that of NT storage roots. In addition, IbOr-R96H plants showed greater tolerance to heat stress (47 °C) than NT and IbOr-WT plants, possibly because of higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABA contents. These results indicate that IbOr-R96H is a promising strategy for developing new sweetpotato cultivars with improved carotenoid contents and heat stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Chan-Ju Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Sul-U Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Ye-Hoon Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.A.)
| | - Hye-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.A.)
| | - Mi-Jeong Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju 52828, Korea; (W.S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (M.-J.A.)
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-S.K.); (H.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4432 (S.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4464 (H.S.K.)
| | - Ho Soo Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.-E.K.); (C.-J.L.); (S.-U.P.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-S.K.); (H.S.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4432 (S.-S.K.); +82-42-860-4464 (H.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barnum CR, Endelman BJ, Shih PM. Utilizing Plant Synthetic Biology to Improve Human Health and Wellness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691462. [PMID: 34504505 PMCID: PMC8421571 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants offer a vast source of bioactive chemicals with the potential to improve human health through the prevention and treatment of disease. However, many potential therapeutics are produced in small amounts or in species that are difficult to cultivate. The rapidly evolving field of plant synthetic biology provides tools to capitalize on the inventive chemistry of plants by transferring metabolic pathways for therapeutics into far more tenable plants, increasing our ability to produce complex pharmaceuticals in well-studied plant systems. Plant synthetic biology also provides methods to enhance the ability to fortify crops with nutrients and nutraceuticals. In this review, we discuss (1) the potential of plant synthetic biology to improve human health by generating plants that produce pharmaceuticals, nutrients, and nutraceuticals and (2) the technological challenges hindering our ability to generate plants producing health-promoting small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Collin R. Barnum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Endelman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Patrick M. Shih
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Patrick M. Shih,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ubiquitination of phytoene synthase 1 precursor modulates carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato. Commun Biol 2020; 3:730. [PMID: 33273697 PMCID: PMC7713427 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural pigments that are indispensable to plants and humans, whereas the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis by post-translational modification remains elusive. Here, we show that a tomato E3 ubiquitin ligase, Plastid Protein Sensing RING E3 ligase 1 (PPSR1), is responsible for the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. PPSR1 exhibits self-ubiquitination activity and loss of PPSR1 function leads to an increase in carotenoids in tomato fruit. PPSR1 affects the abundance of 288 proteins, including phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1), the key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. PSY1 contains two ubiquitinated lysine residues (Lys380 and Lys406) as revealed by the global analysis and characterization of protein ubiquitination. We provide evidence that PPSR1 interacts with PSY1 precursor protein and mediates its degradation via ubiquitination, thereby affecting the steady-state level of PSY1 protein. Our findings not only uncover a regulatory mechanism for controlling carotenoid biosynthesis, but also provide a strategy for developing carotenoid-enriched horticultural crops. Wang et al. report on the role of a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase, Plastid Protein Sensing RING E3 ligase 1 (PPSR1), during tomato fruit ripening and find that it interacts with phytoene synthase 1 (PSY1) precursor protein and mediates its degradation via ubiquitination. This affects the steady-state level of PSY1 protein, the key rate-limiting enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. This study may provide a strategy for developing carotenoid-enriched horticultural crops.
Collapse
|
43
|
McQuinn RP, Gapper NE, Gray AG, Zhong S, Tohge T, Fei Z, Fernie AR, Giovannoni JJ. Manipulation of ZDS in tomato exposes carotenoid- and ABA-specific effects on fruit development and ripening. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2210-2224. [PMID: 32171044 PMCID: PMC7589306 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous mutations in fruit-specific carotenoid biosynthetic genes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) have led to improved understanding of ripening-associated carotenogenesis. Here, we confirm that ZDS is encoded by a single gene in tomato transcriptionally regulated by ripening transcription factors RIN, NOR and ethylene. Manipulation of ZDS was achieved through transgenic repression and heterologous over-expression in tomato. CaMV 35S-driven RNAi repression inhibited carotenoid biosynthesis in all aerial tissues examined resulting in elevated levels of ζ-carotene isomers and upstream carotenoids, while downstream all trans-lycopene and subsequent photoprotective carotenes and xanthophylls were diminished. Consequently, immature fruit displayed photo-bleaching consistent with reduced levels of the photoprotective carotenes and developmental phenotypes related to a reduction in the carotenoid-derived phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). ZDS-repressed ripe fruit was devoid of the characteristic red carotenoid, all trans-lycopene and displayed brilliant yellow pigmentation due to elevated 9,9' di-cis-ζ-carotene. Over-expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana ZDS (AtZDS) gene bypassed endogenous co-suppression and revealed ZDS as an additional bottleneck in ripening-associated carotenogenesis of tomato. Quantitation of carotenoids in addition to multiple ripening parameters in ZDS-altered lines and ABA-deficient fruit-specific carotenoid mutants was used to separate phenotypic consequences of ABA from other effects of ZDS manipulation and reveal a unique and dynamic ζ-carotene isomer profile in ripe fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. McQuinn
- Department of Plant BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Present address:
Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Nigel E. Gapper
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Amanda G. Gray
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Silin Zhong
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max‐Planck‐Institut fur Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institut fur Molekulare PflanzenphysiologiePotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - James J. Giovannoni
- Department of Plant BiologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthUSDA‐ARSCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lana G, Zacarias-Garcia J, Distefano G, Gentile A, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarias L. Transcriptional Analysis of Carotenoids Accumulation and Metabolism in a Pink-Fleshed Lemon Mutant. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1294. [PMID: 33143225 PMCID: PMC7692314 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pink lemon is a spontaneous bud mutation of lemon (Citrus limon, L. Burm. f) characterized by the production of pink-fleshed fruits due to an unusual accumulation of lycopene. To elucidate the genetic determinism of the altered pigmentation, comparative carotenoid profiling and transcriptional analysis of both the genes involved in carotenoid precursors and metabolism, and the proteins related to carotenoid-sequestering structures were performed in pink-fleshed lemon and its wild-type. The carotenoid profile of pink lemon pulp is characterized by an increased accumulation of linear carotenoids, such as lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene, from the early stages of development, reaching their maximum in mature green fruits. The distinctive phenotype of pink lemon is associated with an up-regulation and down-regulation of the genes upstream and downstream the lycopene cyclase, respectively. In particular, 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase genes were overexpressed in pink lemon compared with the wild-type, suggesting an altered regulation of abscisic acid biosynthesis. Similarly, during early development of the fruits, genes of the carotenoid-associated proteins heat shock protein 21, fibrillin 1 and 2 and orange gene were overexpressed in the pulp of the pink-fleshed lemon compared to the wild-type, indicating its increased capacity for sequestration, stabilization or accumulation of carotenes. Altogether, the results highlighted significant differences at the transcriptomic level between the pink-fleshed lemon and its wild-type, in terms of carotenoid metabolism and the capacity of stabilization in storage structures between the two accessions. Such changes may be either responsible for the altered carotenoid accumulation or in contrast, a metabolic consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lana
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Jaime Zacarias-Garcia
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (J.Z.-G.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Gaetano Distefano
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.L.); (G.D.); (A.G.)
| | - María J. Rodrigo
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (J.Z.-G.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Zacarias
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain; (J.Z.-G.); (M.J.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Llorente B, Torres-Montilla S, Morelli L, Florez-Sarasa I, Matus JT, Ezquerro M, D'Andrea L, Houhou F, Majer E, Picó B, Cebolla J, Troncoso A, Fernie AR, Daròs JA, Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Synthetic conversion of leaf chloroplasts into carotenoid-rich plastids reveals mechanistic basis of natural chromoplast development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21796-21803. [PMID: 32817419 PMCID: PMC7474630 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004405117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastids, the defining organelles of plant cells, undergo physiological and morphological changes to fulfill distinct biological functions. In particular, the differentiation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts results in an enhanced storage capacity for carotenoids with industrial and nutritional value such as beta-carotene (provitamin A). Here, we show that synthetically inducing a burst in the production of phytoene, the first committed intermediate of the carotenoid pathway, elicits an artificial chloroplast-to-chromoplast differentiation in leaves. Phytoene overproduction initially interferes with photosynthesis, acting as a metabolic threshold switch mechanism that weakens chloroplast identity. In a second stage, phytoene conversion into downstream carotenoids is required for the differentiation of chromoplasts, a process that involves a concurrent reprogramming of nuclear gene expression and plastid morphology for improved carotenoid storage. We hence demonstrate that loss of photosynthetic competence and enhanced production of carotenoids are not just consequences but requirements for chloroplasts to differentiate into chromoplasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Briardo Llorente
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- ARC Center of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Salvador Torres-Montilla
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Morelli
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Tomás Matus
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, 46908 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ezquerro
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio D'Andrea
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Fakhreddine Houhou
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Eszter Majer
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Picó
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Cebolla
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrian Troncoso
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, UMR-CNRS 7025, CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - José-Antonio Daròs
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu M, Xu X, Hu X, Liu Y, Cao H, Chan H, Gong Z, Yuan Y, Luo Y, Feng B, Li Z, Deng W. SlMYB72 Regulates the Metabolism of Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, and Flavonoids in Tomato Fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:854-868. [PMID: 32414899 PMCID: PMC7333684 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening is accompanied by the degradation of chlorophylls and the accumulation of carotenoids and flavonoids. Tomato SlMYB72 belongs to the R2R3 MYB subfamily, is located in the nucleus, and possesses transcriptional activator activity. Down-regulation of the SlMYB72 gene produced uneven-colored fruits; that is, dark green spots appeared on immature and mature green fruits, whereas yellow spots appeared on red fruits. Down-regulation of SlMYB72 increased chlorophyll accumulation, chloroplast biogenesis and development, and photosynthesis rate in fruits. This down-regulation decreased lycopene content, promoted β-carotene production and chromoplast development, and increased flavonoid accumulation in fruits. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that down-regulation of SlMYB72 altered the expression levels of genes involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and flavonoids. SlMYB72 protein interacted with the auxin response factor SlARF4. SlMYB72 directly targeted protochlorophyllide reductase, Mg-chelatase H subunit, and knotted1-like homeobox2 genes and regulated chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. SlMYB72 directly bound to phytoene synthase, ζ-carotene isomerase, and lycopene β-cyclase genes and regulated carotenoid biosynthesis. SlMYB72 directly targeted 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase and chalcone synthase genes and regulated the biosynthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acid. The uneven color phenotype in RNA interference-SlMYB72 fruits was due to uneven silencing of SlMYB72 and uneven expression of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. In summary, this study identified important roles for SlMYB72 in the regulation of chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid metabolism and provided a potential target to improve fruit nutrition in horticultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaowei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Haohao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Helen Chan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Zehao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yujin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Yingqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Bihong Feng
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Center of Plant Functional Genomics, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Chongqing University, 401331 Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun T, Yuan H, Chen C, Kadirjan-Kalbach DK, Mazourek M, Osteryoung KW, Li L. OR His, a Natural Variant of OR, Specifically Interacts with Plastid Division Factor ARC3 to Regulate Chromoplast Number and Carotenoid Accumulation. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:864-878. [PMID: 32222485 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromoplasts are colored plastids that synthesize and store massive amounts of carotenoids. Chromoplast number and size define the sink strength for carotenoid accumulation in plants. However, nothing is known about the mechanisms controlling chromoplast number. Previously, a natural allele of Orange (OR), ORHis, was found to promote carotenoid accumulation by activating chromoplast differentiation and increasing carotenoid biosynthesis, but cells in orange tissues in melon fruit and cauliflower OR mutant have only one or two enlarged chromoplasts. In this study, we investigated an ORHis variant of Arabidopsis OR, genetically mimicking the melon ORHis allele, and found that it also constrains chromoplast number in Arabidopsis calli. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that ORHis specifically interacts with the Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus domain of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3 (ARC3), a crucial regulator of chloroplast division. We further showed that ORHis interferes with the interaction between ARC3 and PARALOG OF ARC6 (PARC6), another key regulator of chloroplast division, suggesting a role of ORHis in competing with PARC6 for binding to ARC3 to restrict chromoplast number. Overexpression or knockout of ARC3 in Arabidopsis ORHis plants significantly alters total carotenoid levels. Moreover, overexpression of the plastid division factor PLASTID DIVISION 1 greatly enhances carotenoid accumulation. These division factors likely alter carotenoid levels via their influence on chromoplast number and/or size. Taken together, our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the machinery controlling chromoplast number and highlight a potential new strategy for enhancing carotenoid accumulation and nutritional value in food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Michael Mazourek
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yan H, Pengfei W, Brennan H, Ping Q, Bingxiang L, Feiyan Z, Hongbo C, Haijiang C. Diversity of carotenoid composition, sequestering structures and gene transcription in mature fruits of four Prunus species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:113-123. [PMID: 32213457 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genus Prunus contains many fruits used in the human diet, which exhibit a variety of different flavors. However, publications on the diversity of carotenoid profiles and sequestering structures in Prunus fruits are limited. In this study, carotenoids and their associated sequestering structures in mature fruits of four Prunus species, including peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batschi], nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batschi var. nucipersica], plum (Prunus salicina L.), and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) were investigated. HPLC-PAD analysis revealed that mature fruits all accumulated carotenoid esters, while their profiles and levels differed significantly. Transcription analysis suggested a positive correlation between carotenogenic genes and carotenoid profiles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed a common globular chromoplast in Prunus. However, the number and size of plastids and plastoglobules varied between species. Noticeably, the white-flesh Ruiguang 19 nectarine contained plastids similar to chromoplasts, except with smaller plastoglobules. In addition, it seemed like a lipid-dissolved β-carotene form in apricot fruits, which is more effectively absorbed by humans than the solid-crystalline form. Moreover, the lowest transcriptions of plastid-related genes were found in Friar plum, and GLK2 and OR genes were presumed to be associated with the largest chromoplasts observed in apricot. We investigated the correlations among carotenoid accumulation, plastid characteristics and gene transcription and found that chromoplast development is likely more important in determining carotenoid accumulation than carotenogenic transcription in Prunus fruits. This study presents the first report on the diversity of carotenoid sequestering structures in Prunus fruits and suggests some crucial genes associated with diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Wang Pengfei
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Hyden Brennan
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Qu Ping
- Institute of Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Liu Bingxiang
- College of Forest, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Zhang Feiyan
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Cao Hongbo
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Chen Haijiang
- College of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding Hebei, 071000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Krupinska K, Blanco NE, Oetke S, Zottini M. Genome communication in plants mediated by organelle-n-ucleus-located proteins. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190397. [PMID: 32362260 PMCID: PMC7209962 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of eukaryotic proteins have been shown to have a dual localization in the DNA-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, and/or the nucleus. Regulation of dual targeting and relocation of proteins from organelles to the nucleus offer the most direct means for communication between organelles as well as organelles and nucleus. Most of the mitochondrial proteins of animals have functions in DNA repair and gene expression by modelling of nucleoid architecture and/or chromatin. In plants, such proteins can affect replication and early development. Most plastid proteins with a confirmed or predicted second location in the nucleus are associated with the prokaryotic core RNA polymerase and are required for chloroplast development and light responses. Few plastid–nucleus-located proteins are involved in pathogen defence and cell cycle control. For three proteins, it has been clearly shown that they are first targeted to the organelle and then relocated to the nucleus, i.e. the nucleoid-associated proteins HEMERA and Whirly1 and the stroma-located defence protein NRIP1. Relocation to the nucleus can be experimentally demonstrated by plastid transformation leading to the synthesis of proteins with a tag that enables their detection in the nucleus or by fusions with fluoroproteins in different experimental set-ups. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolás E Blanco
- Centre of Photosynthetic and Biochemical Studies, Faculty of Biochemical Science and Pharmacy, National University of Rosario (CEFOBI/UNR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Svenja Oetke
- Institute of Botany, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michela Zottini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Watkins JL, Pogson BJ. Prospects for Carotenoid Biofortification Targeting Retention and Catabolism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:501-512. [PMID: 31956035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the ongoing prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in developing countries there has been a large effort towards increasing the carotenoid content of staple foods via biofortification. Common strategies used for carotenoid biofortification include altering flux through the biosynthesis pathway to direct synthesis to a specific product, generally β-carotene, or via increasing the expression of genes early in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Recently, carotenoid biofortification strategies are turning towards increasing the retention of carotenoids in plant tissues either via altering sequestration within the cell or via downregulating enzymes known to cause degradation of carotenoids. To date, little attention has focused on increasing the stability of carotenoids, which may be a promising method of increasing carotenoid content in staple foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta L Watkins
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|